Radiation generation device and gas-conducting arrangement for the inactivation of light-sensitive hazardous substances and method for same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a radiation generation device (10) and to a gas-conducting arrangement (20), in particular an air-conducting arrangement, which is provided for the inactivation of light-sensitive hazardous substances in a gas stream. The gas-conducting arrangement comprises a gas-conducting portion (21), which has an effective section (22), in particular which extends in a straight line, said effective section having a longitudinal extent along a longitudinal axis (23) and having a cross-sectional area (26). The gas-conducting arrangement (20) further comprises a radiation generation device (10) for generating and emitting optical radiation (19), which is provided for the inactivation of light-sensitive hazardous substances in the gas stream, in particular for generating and emitting UV-C radiation, which is provided within the gas-conducting arrangement (20) or directly at a directional change (24) of the gas-conducting arrangement (20) before the effective section (22), and which is configured to emit light radiation (19) through the effective section (22) with a parallel or approximately parallel beam path in relation to the longitudinal axis (23) of the effective section (22), preferably over a defined effective section length (28). The invention also relates to a method for the inactivation of light-sensitive hazardous substances in a gas stream.

Description

[0001] Radiation generating device and gas-conducting arrangement for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants and method therefor

[0002] The present invention relates, first, to a radiation-generating device for generating and emitting optical radiation, which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive, primarily biological, pollutants in a gas stream. Furthermore, the invention relates to a gas-conducting arrangement provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream. Finally, the invention also relates to a method for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream flowing through a gas-conducting arrangement.

[0003] Various approaches are already known in the prior art, in which optical radiation (also referred to as "light" in this description) is generated and emitted by means of a radiation-generating device, which can inactivate light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream. Such optical radiation is, for example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation with a wavelength range of 100 nm to 400 nm. UV-C radiation with a wavelength range of 200 nm to 300 nm has proven particularly suitable. The use of UV-C radiation for air disinfection and sterilization is already known.

[0004] One such known solution is described, for example, in WO 2021 / 249668 A1. There, wall-like radiation fields of UV-C light are generated by means of a radiation-generating device. The wall-like radiation fields create a barrier that prevents the spread of pollutants, such as pathogens, into the room. The known radiation-generating device has a radiation source for generating the UV-C radiation and a collimator device for parallelizing the generated light radiation so that the light radiation exits the radiation-generating device in parallel or approximately parallel fashion. The wall-like radiation fields are used as a type of curtain located within a room, particularly in the area of ​​doors, and extending from the ceiling toward the floor.Since UV-C radiation can be harmful to human eyes and skin, the wall-like radiation field must be as spatially limited as possible. In the known solution, the wall-like radiation field is therefore very thin. This is generally not a problem in such applications, as the room air is usually not moving quickly, meaning the germs are still inactivated as they pass through the barrier.

[0005] The situation is different when air is moved at a higher flow velocity, which is the case, for example, with ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC). In such systems, the air flows through the corresponding air duct sections at a higher flow velocity.

[0006] Based on the general state of the art, solutions have been developed for applications in HVAC and air conditioning systems. These involve arranging UV radiation-generating elements in the form of often tubular, low-pressure lamps in corresponding air duct sections. The low-pressure lamps are aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the air duct section or the direction of air flow. In this known solution, the UV radiation-generating elements are positioned in the path of the air to be disinfected, with the fluorescent tubes radiating radially. The disadvantages of this known solution are the irradiance decreasing with 1 / R and thus the low homogeneity of the disinfection stage. Furthermore, the low-pressure lamps contain mercury, which has been classified as harmful by the EU. The use of low-pressure lamps is based on an EU exemption, which is tolerated because there have been no adequate alternatives to date.In addition, the low-pressure lamps radiate radially onto the inner wall of the air duct section, leading to undesirable absorption and heat generation on the inner walls of the air duct section. Finally, the effective range within which the low-pressure lamps can exert their germicidal effect is limited by the length of the UV-C source. Therefore, if a longer effective range is to be achieved, several low-pressure lamps would have to be connected in series.

[0007] Furthermore, it is known to arrange the low-pressure lamps perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the air duct section in such solutions. This also results in the disadvantages discussed above. Due to the radial radiation, the low-pressure lamps must be arranged relatively close to one another over a sufficiently long length of the air duct section to ensure that even pollutants moving at higher speeds through the irradiated air duct section receive a sufficiently high radiation dose sufficient to inactivate them.

[0008] The present invention is based on the object of developing a radiation-generating device and a gas-conducting arrangement of the type mentioned above in such a way that light-sensitive pollutants can be inactivated in a gas stream flowing through a gas-conducting section of the gas-conducting arrangement in a structurally simple and efficient manner. In particular, it should also be possible to adapt the radiation-generating device specifically and / or individually to gas-conducting arrangements and / or to adjust it to the inactivation of specific light-sensitive pollutants.

[0009] This object is achieved according to the invention by the radiation generation device having the features according to independent claim 1, which represents the first aspect of the invention, by the gas-conducting arrangement having the features according to independent claim 12, which represents the second aspect of the invention, and by the method for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream having the features according to independent claim 25, which represents the third aspect of the invention. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims, from the description and from the drawings.Features and details that are described in connection with one of the aspects of the invention naturally also apply in full in connection with the other aspects of the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure of one of the aspects of the invention also applies in full as a disclosure of the other aspects of the invention.

[0010] The present invention is based on the fundamental idea that light-sensitive pollutants are inactivated in a gas stream. Inactivation means, in particular, that the pollutants in the gas stream are rendered harmless, for example, killed. This particularly involves a type of biological purification or disinfection of the gas stream. The invention is fundamentally not limited to specific pollutants. The only important thing is that these pollutants are light-sensitive, which means that the pollutants are inactivated when exposed to light. The pollutants can be, for example, pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and the like, or other types of pollutants, such as contaminants that can be inactivated by light. By means of the present invention, the DNA of microorganisms and viruses, in particular, can be modified.The invention is fundamentally not limited to specific types of gas streams. For example, this applies to combustible gases such as biogas. In a preferred embodiment, the gas stream is, for example, an air stream. In this case, the field of application of the present invention lies particularly in the field of HVAC systems and air conditioning systems.

[0011] As already explained above, the use of low-pressure lamps is based on an EU exemption, which is tolerated because no adequate alternatives have existed to date. The present invention now provides such an alternative.

[0012] According to the first aspect of the invention, a radiation generating device is provided which has the features of independent patent claim 1. The radiation generating device serves to generate, focus, direct, and emit optical radiation, which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream. The generated optical radiation is, for example, UV radiation. In one embodiment, the radiation generating device is designed to generate and emit UV-C radiation. The use of UV radiation to inactivate pollutants has the advantage, in addition to improving the cleaning effect, that it may no longer be necessary to mechanically filter extremely small pollutants, for example bacteria / viruses, since these are inactivated with the UV radiation. The mechanical filters can therefore be made coarser if necessary.This reduces the flow resistance of the mechanical filters, meaning less energy is required to transport the air, for example by reducing the drive power for fans.

[0013] The radiation generating device comprises all optical and mechanical and, if applicable, electronic elements required to generate the optical radiation.

[0014] The radiation-generating device initially comprises at least one optical module, by means of which the optical radiation is generated. An optical module is, in particular, a preferably replaceable component within the radiation-generating device that forms a closed functional unit, in this case the generation and directed emission of light radiation. The radiation-generating device can comprise one or more such optical modules.

[0015] Each optical module has at least one optical unit. The radiation generating device can have one or more such optical units. The optical unit has the function of generating the optical radiation or a corresponding partial radiation field of the total generated optical radiation and aligning it in the desired manner. Each optical unit has at least one radiation generating device.

[0016] This is used to actually generate the optical radiation.

[0017] Examples of this will be explained in the further course of the description.

[0018] Furthermore, an optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the radiation is provided. The collimator of the radiation-generating device parallelizes the generated optical radiation in such a way that the light radiation exits the radiation-generating device or is emitted by the radiation-generating device in parallel or approximately parallel, for example with a divergence angle of less than 5 degrees. In one embodiment, each radiation-generating device, or each optical unit, or each optical module, is individually assigned such an optical arrangement. In another embodiment, the radiation-generating device has a common optical arrangement for several or for all optical modules, or for one or more optical units, or for one or more radiation-generating devices.

[0019] Each optical unit, consisting of at least one radiation generation device and an associated optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the optical radiation, is designed to generate an optical beam field with a parallel beam path or a beam path with a predetermined small aperture angle, which exits the radiation generation device in parallel or approximately parallel fashion. If multiple radiation generation devices or multiple optical units or multiple optical modules are used, corresponding partial beam fields are generated therein, which then, in sum, result in the beam field emitted by the radiation generation device.

[0020] According to the invention, the radiation generating device is characterized in that it is provided for emitting optical radiation with a variable optical beam field and / or with variable irradiance. The beam field is, in particular, a space delimited at the edges in which the generated optical radiation propagates or travels. Such a beam field is also referred to as a "light tube." Such a beam field has a cross-section. In the former case, the beam field can be varied in its geometry, for example, in its size and / or shape. How this can be done in detail is explained below using an exemplary embodiment.In the second case, the intensity of the radiation leaving the radiation generating device is changed, in particular the irradiance (areal power density) of the radiation in the cross-section of the radiation field perpendicular to the optical axis (this is defined as the main radiation direction, relative to which the marginal rays may have a small aperture angle). How this can be achieved in detail is explained below using an exemplary embodiment. Combinations of the two cases are also possible.

[0021] In the simplest embodiment, the radiation generating device comprises a single optical module with a single optical unit.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the optical module comprises two or more optical units for generating optical radiation. The optical units can be arranged side by side—in particular in a row—and / or—in particular in two or more rows—one below the other and / or in a matrix-like arrangement and / or offset from one another. This means that the optical units are arranged in a corresponding manner.

[0023] Each optical module or optical unit can be designed to ensure adequate moisture protection. In particular, a correspondingly moisture-proof housing can be provided for each optical module or optical unit.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the optical unit comprises one or more radiation generating devices. The radiation generating devices can be provided next to one another—in particular in a row—and / or—in particular in two or more rows—one below the other and / or in a matrix-like manner and / or offset from one another. This means that the radiation generating devices are arranged in a corresponding manner.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the radiation-generating device comprises two or more optical modules, each with one or more optical units for generating optical radiation. The optical modules can be arranged side by side—in particular in a row—and / or—in particular in two or more rows—one below the other and / or in a matrix-like arrangement and / or offset from one another. This means that the optical units are arranged in a corresponding manner.

[0026] The individual optical modules or optical units are preferably arranged in a housing of the radiation generating device.

[0027] In one embodiment, the radiation generating device has at least one radiation source in which the actual generation of the optical radiation takes place. According to one embodiment, such a radiation source is a light-emitting diode (LED). LEDs generally require very little space and can therefore be arranged very flexibly and precisely. The LEDs are preferably UV LEDs, in particular UV-C LEDs. The significant advantage is that the LEDs direct their radiation into a half-space, which enables almost complete utilization of the generated radiation. Low-pressure tubes, on the other hand, emit radiation throughout the entire space. This allows the radiation to be directed particularly well and used effectively. When radiation is generated using LEDs and optically efficient collimation, only minimal optical losses occur.The small size of the LED, which results in a much higher radiance compared to low-pressure tubes, allows for collimation of the radiation within a narrow angular range according to the optical law of etendue conservation. The same optical law prohibits similar collimation in a similar installation space for light from low-pressure tubes. In one embodiment, the radiation-generating device comprises a substrate, for example, a circuit board, on which one or more radiation sources, particularly in the form of LEDs, are arranged or formed.

[0028] For example, up to four radiation sources can be provided on the substrate, although the invention is not limited to a specific number. Optionally, at least one optical element, in particular a lens element, can be provided on the substrate for influencing the optical radiation emitted by the radiation source(s). In one embodiment, this optical element is a component of the optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the generated optical radiation.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the optical radiation has at least one reflector element and optionally at least one optical element, in particular a lens element for influencing the optical radiation emitted by the radiation generating device.

[0030] According to one embodiment, an optical unit consists of at least one radiation generating device in which one or more radiation sources in the form of LEDs, for example up to four radiation sources, are arranged next to one another on a substrate, for example a circuit board. The substrate is arranged, in particular detachably, on a frame. The optical radiation emitted by the radiation sources passes through at least one optical element, for example in the form of a lens element, where it is, for example, bundled. Depending on the design, the optical element is located on the substrate or it is attached to the frame. The optical radiation then strikes a reflector element, which is also arranged on the frame, where it is parallelized and reflected in the form of (almost) parallel optical radiation.

[0031] In one embodiment, the optical unit or the optical modules for generating optical radiation are arranged in a housing. The housing has an emission opening through which the generated optical radiation leaves the radiation generating device. In order to adapt the radiation emitted by the radiation generating device to the subsequent intended use, as explained further below in connection with the second aspect of the invention, or to change the radiation field of the optical radiation emitted by the radiation generating device, the emission opening can be designed to be variable according to one embodiment. By adjusting the emission opening, for example as with a variable aperture, the radiation field can then be individually adapted to the respective requirements.In this case, the radiation opening is connected, for example, via a suitable interface to a control device, which is described in more detail below.

[0032] In one embodiment, the at least one radiation source is detachably arranged on / in the radiation generation device. In one embodiment, the radiation generation device is detachably arranged in the optical unit. For example, a substrate on which one or more radiation sources are located can be provided in a correspondingly detachable manner. In one embodiment, the at least one radiation source, for example a substrate with at least one radiation source, can be positioned in the radiation generation device via a positioning device.

[0033] In one embodiment, the at least one optical module and / or the at least one optical unit is provided in a flexible and / or movable manner, for example arranged in the housing. In one embodiment, these are mounted on at least one sliding device. A sliding device is in particular a movable, in particular extendable, shelf. The sliding device can, for example, be designed as a sliding system or rail system or have such a system. In one embodiment, the radiation generating device has two or more such sliding devices, which are arranged one below the other, for example offset from one another, in the housing. One or more optical modules for generating light radiation are then mounted on each sliding device.The use of sliding devices enables easy inspection and replaceability of the radiation source, or the substrate with at least one radiation source, or the optical units or the optical modules. A flexible arrangement allows, for example, the number and position of the individual components within the radiation generation device to be changed as required. In one embodiment, the radiation generation device is modular and has flexibly arranged or arranged modules for generating optical radiation. For example, these can be optimally adapted to the geometry of a gas guide unit, resulting in the most homogeneous radiation possible with the lowest possible absorption at the side walls. In another embodiment, the radiation generation device has a fixed number of modules. To adapt the geometry, individual modules are then specifically activated.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the radiation sources, or the radiation-generating devices, or the optical units, or the optical modules are provided in such a way that they are capable of varying the radiation output and thus the irradiance. This ensures the radiation dose required to inactivate the pollutants. The radiation dose (dose energy) is the radiation energy per cross-sectional area transferred to a mass, in particular the mass of a pollutant molecule or particle, during an exposure time. In one embodiment, the aforementioned components are dimmable.

[0035] In one embodiment, the radiation sources, or the radiation-generating devices, or the optical units, or the optical modules are connected to a control device via an interface, which is explained in more detail below. The corresponding components can be activated or deactivated, optionally also individually, via the control device. Alternatively or additionally, the irradiance of the emitted optical radiation can be changed via the control device. According to one embodiment, the optical modules, or the optical units, or the radiation-generating devices are provided in such a way that a gas flow can flow around and / or through them. They can be actively cooled via the gas flow.Optional gas baffles on the rear of the optical units or optical modules reduce air resistance and ensure optimal airflow through the optical units, while also protecting the electronics. If the aforementioned components for generating optical radiation are arranged in a housing, according to one embodiment, this housing has an air inlet opening, which can in particular be located opposite the air outlet opening described above. A gas stream enters the housing via the inlet opening, flows through and / or around the components located in the housing, and then exits the housing via the outlet opening. The gas stream is preferably the gas stream that is treated in the gas-conducting arrangement according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0036] According to the second aspect of the invention, a gas-conducting arrangement is provided which has the features of independent claim 12.

[0037] The gas-conducting arrangement is, in particular, a system or part of a system through which a gas is passed. In principle, the invention is not limited to specific types of gas. In one embodiment, it is an air-conducting arrangement. In this case, the gas flow is an air flow, which can be supply, exhaust, or recirculated air. In a preferred embodiment, the gas-conducting arrangement is an air conditioning system or HVAC system, or a component of such a system. In such systems, a gas flow flows through the gas-conducting arrangement at least temporarily during operation. Air conditioning systems and HVAC systems can be easily equipped with such a gas-conducting arrangement, and in particular can be retrofitted. However, the gas-conducting arrangement can also be a standalone system.The gas-conducting arrangement, in particular the air-conducting arrangement, is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream.

[0038] First, the gas-conducting arrangement has a gas-conducting section through which the gas flows. The gas-conducting section is, in particular, a channel closed on all sides, for example a hollow profile element, a pipe, or the like, through which the gas flows. The gas-conducting section can have any cross-section, for example a rectangular cross-section, a round cross-section, or the like. At least part of this gas-conducting section is designed as an active section. The active section is the region in which the inactivation of light-sensitive pollutants in the gas stream takes place. The active section has a, in particular rectilinear, course and has a longitudinal extent along a longitudinal axis and a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, through which the gas passes.The effective section can have any cross-section, for example, a rectangular cross-section, a round cross-section, or the like. The effective section is also particularly designed as a channel closed on all sides, for example, as a hollow profile element, a pipe, or the like, through which the gas flows.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the entire gas guide section represents the effective path. In another embodiment, the effective path represents only a partial region of the gas guide section. In such a case, the gas guide section has at least one further region located in front of or behind the effective path.

[0040] Furthermore, the gas-conducting arrangement comprises a radiation-generating device for generating and emitting optical radiation, which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive, in particular microbiological, pollutants in the gas stream, in particular for generating and emitting UV radiation, in particular UV-C radiation. The radiation-generating device is provided in an end region of the active path or immediately outside the end region. Depending on the design, the end region can be the entry region into the active path. In this case, the radiation-generating device can also be provided immediately upstream of the end region. In another design, the end region can be the exit region from the active path. In this case, the radiation-generating device can also be provided immediately behind the end region.The function of the end section depends primarily on the flow direction in which the gas stream flows through the effective section.

[0041] The radiation-generating device is configured in a special way, namely such that optical radiation is emitted through the effective path with a beam path parallel or approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the effective path, preferably over a defined effective path length. The flow direction of the gas stream can be in the same direction as the radiation direction of the optical radiation or opposite to it.

[0042] The basic idea behind the gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention is that a sufficient length of a gas-conducting section, defined by the effective path with a defined effective path length, is irradiated with parallel or approximately parallel optical radiation. The optical radiation is preferably UV radiation, in particular UV-C radiation. The radiation is generated by the radiation source or radiation-generating device or the optical unit or the optical modules, as described in connection with the first aspect of the invention, and is radiated parallel or approximately parallel into the effective path and radiated through it.

[0043] The effective path has a sufficient effective path length, preferably several meters, for example between 3 and 15 meters. This enables the illumination of a very large length of the gas guide section. This leads to a high inactivation effect even at higher gas velocities, such as air velocities, whereby the parallel beam propagation means that the intensity of the radiation is very high even at a great distance from the radiation source. Because the light radiation moves parallel through the effective path, there are hardly any losses, for example due to absorption at the inner walls of the effective path. If UV radiation, in particular UV-C radiation, is used as optical radiation, the photons move along the effective path and act within the effective path without being absorbed at the edges of the effective path and converted into heat there.This allows the photons to be used much more efficiently. The longer the effective distance, the better it is for the comprehensive inactivation of the light-sensitive pollutants, as the dose energy increases.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the radiation-generating device is configured to emit optical radiation with a beam field that is adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the effective path, or that corresponds to the cross-sectional area of ​​the effective path, or is slightly smaller. For example, the emission aperture of the radiation-generating device or the beam field of the generated optical radiation can have a slightly smaller cross-section than the cross-sectional area of ​​the effective path if the largely collimated radiation has a small but finite aperture angle of 1 to 5 degrees.

[0045] In one embodiment, the effective path can have a round cross-section. In this case, the radiation-generating device generates optical radiation with a beam field that also has a round cross-section. In another embodiment, the effective path has a rectangular cross-section. In this case, the radiation-generating device generates optical radiation with a beam field that also has a rectangular cross-section.

[0046] In the latter case, the radiation generating device generates parallel or approximately parallel optical radiation, for example UV radiation, with a rectangular cross-section. For this purpose, the radiation generating device can, for example, have a number of optical modules or optical units, which can be arranged in a line next to one another, but also in several lines below one another or in a matrix-like manner, or even offset from one another, in the radiation generating device. The individual modules or optical units then generate optical radiation, for example UV radiation, with an overall beam field which has a rectangular overall cross-section. If the generated radiation has a small aperture angle of 1 degree to 5 degrees, the adjacent partial radiation fields overlap at the latest from a predetermined minimum distance from the optical module or the optical units.from a reflector provided within the optical module or the optical units.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the optical radiation generated by the radiation-generating device has a parallel or approximately parallel beam path with respect to the longitudinal axis of the effective path. In another embodiment, however, the parallel or approximately parallel beam path of the radiation can also be related to the flow direction of the gas stream within the effective path. For example, the beam path of the optical radiation can be parallel to the flow direction of the gas stream within the effective path. This means that the optical radiation and the gas stream run in the same direction.

[0048] For example, the path of the optical radiation can also be antiparallel to the flow direction of the gas stream within the effective distance. This means that the optical radiation and the gas stream travel in opposite directions.

[0049] In one embodiment, the gas-conducting arrangement is used in a ventilation system, such as an HVAC system or an air conditioning system. In this case, the radiation-generating device is provided at a suitable gas-conducting section that serves as a working path, for example, at a long, straight gas-conducting section. The length of the gas-conducting section or the working path must be sufficiently long so that light-sensitive pollutants to be inactivated are exposed to a sufficiently high radiation intensity for a sufficiently long time to be inactivated. In this way, existing systems can also be easily retrofitted.

[0050] In another embodiment, the gas-conducting arrangement can also be used in a system that operates purely as a reed circulation system. In this case, room air is sucked into the radiation-generating device via an inlet opening of the radiation-generating device, wherein a gas-conducting section, in particular a straight section, is connected to the radiation-generating device and has an effective path or is designed as such an effective path. At the end of the gas-conducting section or the effective path, the gas flow is then discharged. The length of the gas-conducting section or the effective path must be sufficiently large that light-sensitive pollutants to be inactivated are exposed to a sufficiently high radiation intensity for a sufficiently long time to be inactivated. In this case, the optical radiation and the gas flow run parallel in the same direction.In another embodiment, the intake of room air occurs via the gas guide section or the effective path. The room air is then freed of light-sensitive pollutants and then discharged via the radiation generation device. In this case, the optical radiation and the gas flow run antiparallel in opposite directions.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the radiation-generating device comprises at least one optical module, comprising at least one optical unit, with at least one radiation-generating device (15) for generating the optical radiation, and at least one optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the optical radiation, which is assigned to the radiation-generating device. The optical unit is designed to generate an optical beam field with a parallel beam path or a beam path with a predetermined small aperture angle, which emerges from the radiation-generating device in parallel or approximately parallel fashion. According to one embodiment, the radiation-generating device is designed according to the first aspect of the invention.To avoid repetition, with regard to the design of the radiation generating device, reference is made here in full to the statements regarding the first aspect of the invention. In particular, the radiation generating device has at least one or more of the features described in connection with the radiation generating device according to the invention, which can be implemented in connection with the gas-conducting arrangement both individually and in any desired combination.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the radiation generating device is arranged in the gas-conducting arrangement, for example, upstream of or in an initial region of the active path, such that the gas flow flows entirely or at least partially through the radiation generating device and / or at least partially past the radiation generating device. Preferably, the cross-section in that region of the gas-conducting section in which the radiation generating device is provided is larger or constant compared to the cross-section of the active path. In the former case, the gas flow can be used to cool individual components of the radiation generating device. According to another embodiment, the radiation generating device can be arranged correspondingly downstream of or in an end region of the active path. This depends in particular on the flow direction of the gas flow.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the radiation-generating device is provided in front of or in the region of a change in direction of the gas-conducting section. In one configuration, the angle of the change in direction is 90 degrees. For example, the radiation-generating device can be provided at a bend or at a corner point of the gas-conducting section. According to one embodiment, the radiation-generating device is arranged externally on the gas-conducting section, for example, flange-mounted. In one embodiment, the radiation-generating device is arranged, in particular detachably, entirely on the gas-conducting arrangement, or entirely or partially within the gas-conducting arrangement.

[0054] According to another embodiment, the cross-section of the gas guide section is enlarged in the region of the radiation generating device. In this case, the radiation generating device can be arranged, for example, in a bulbous enlargement of the gas guide section.

[0055] For example, the gas guide section can be designed to be straight and enlarged at the location of the radiation generating device in at least one, preferably in all directions, in order to reduce air resistance.

[0056] According to one embodiment, the gas guide section immediately before and / or after the effective section and the effective section have the same cross-section. According to another embodiment, the cross-section of the effective section is reduced compared to the cross-section of the gas guide section before and / or after the effective section. In the latter case, the cross-section of the effective section, within which the inactivation of the pollutants takes place, is reduced compared to the remaining cross-section of the gas guide section, thereby requiring a smaller radiation source or a smaller number of modules to illuminate the cross-section.

[0057] According to one embodiment, at least one swirling element for the gas stream is arranged or formed within the active section. The swirling element can be designed, for example, in the form of a grid element. The swirling element swirls the gas stream flowing through the active section in such a way that a uniform distribution of pollutants to be inactivated, as well as other particles such as dust and aerosols, is expected in the gas stream. In this way, even pollutants that are shaded by the other particles and aerosols can be reached, since optical radiation, in particular UV radiation, can only be effective when irradiated directly. The swirling element improves the homogenization of the radiation dose absorbed by the pollutants.

[0058] According to a further embodiment, at least one radiation trap element for the optical radiation emitted by the radiation-generating device is arranged or formed within the effective path. The radiation trap element is provided in particular at the end of the effective path so that no optical radiation, in particular no UV radiation, can escape from the intended effective region. The radiation trap element can, for example, consist of a completely absorbing material, or e.g., of titanium dioxide - TiO2. TiO2 has the advantage of forming radicals together with the UV radiation, which could also break down odorous substances or toxic protein chains. According to one embodiment, the position, orientation, or structure of the radiation trap device is selected such that the almost parallel radiation cannot pass through the otherwise typical gratings.The radiation trap element can, for example, have a honeycomb structure. The parallel path of the optical radiation and an oblique arrangement of the radiation trap element have the advantage of enabling a deep penetration depth into the structure of the radiation trap element and thus a reactive surface that is many times larger. According to one embodiment, the radiation trap element has an oblique orientation, preferably with a honeycomb structure, so that the radiation is reflected / absorbed and air resistance plays a negligible role. By obliquely positioning, the irradiated surface is enlarged (depending on the depth of the apertures), so that the radical generation as a surface effect is correspondingly strong. The honeycomb structure can be made of titanium dioxide (TiO2), so that UV light generates free radicals, e.g., ozone, which in turn can serve to inactivate pollutants.

[0059] According to one embodiment, at least individual areas of the

[0060] The gas guide section, in particular the effective path, is lined or coated with a material that reflects and / or absorbs the optical radiation emitted by the beam source of the radiation-generating device, or consists of such a material. In particular, a reflective or mirror-like design (e.g., coating) of the inner walls can be provided, which has a high reflectivity for the grazing incidence of the optical radiation. This drastically reduces absorption losses, for example, on a wall of the effective path made of raw aluminum sheet.

[0061] According to one embodiment, a sensor element for measuring the velocity of the gas stream flowing through the effective section is provided on or in the effective section. According to another embodiment, a sensor element for measuring the luminous intensity of the emitted optical radiation is provided, preferably additionally, on or in the effective section or in the beam direction of the optical radiation downstream of the radiation generation device. In one embodiment, the sensor elements are connected to a control device via an interface. The values ​​detected by the sensor elements are transmitted to the control device and further processed there. Based on this, for example, the radiation sources, the radiation generation devices, the optical units, the optical modules, and the exit opening of the radiation generation device can be controlled.This will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment in connection with the control device.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the radiation generating device and the gas guide section, in particular its effective path, are separated from one another by an optical coupling device. The optical coupling device has the function of coupling the optical radiation generated by the radiation generating device into the effective path of the gas guide section. In this way, the radiation generating device can be easily arranged on the outside of the gas guide section, for example, flange-mounted. The optical coupling device separates the radiation generating device from the gas stream flowing through the gas guide section, in particular the effective path. The optical coupling device can be, for example, a light-permeable medium, for example a UV-transparent medium, such as a quartz glass pane.

[0063] According to one embodiment, at least one, optionally collimating, reflective surface, for example a concave reflector, for example in the form of a mirror element, is provided in at least one end region of the effective path, preferably before a change of direction and / or in a change of direction and / or projecting into a change of direction, which is designed to reflect the optical radiation emitted from the radiation-generating device, in particular such that it is completely reflected back into the effective path. The reflective surface is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the effective path. According to one embodiment, surfaces of the effective path or of the gas guide section adjacent to the reflective surface are provided in a directionally reflective and / or absorbent manner. This prevents radiation from escaping without introducing flow resistance.In addition, the irradiance and thus the dose rate in the effective area are increased accordingly. Directional reflection means, in particular, that all radiation incident on the reflective surface remains within the cross-section of the effective area.

[0064] According to one embodiment, a reflective surface, preferably a concave reflector, for example in the form of a mirror element, can be arranged or formed at at least one end region of the effective path. For example, such a reflector can be provided in that end region of the effective path that faces the radiation-generating device. Alternatively or additionally, such a reflector can be provided in that end region of the effective path that faces away from the radiation-generating device. Adjacent surfaces of the inner wall of the effective path or of the gas guide section to the reflector(s) are, according to one embodiment, provided with a directionally reflective mirror coating to prevent stray light. This means that optical radiation incident on the effective path—even at a very angle—is reflected back into the effective path.Such a reflector can be used, for example, instead of a radiation trap element as described above, or in addition to it. This prevents optical radiation from escaping the effective path.

[0065] According to one embodiment, a radiation generating device according to the first aspect of the invention and / or a gas-conducting arrangement according to the second aspect of the invention may comprise a control device for controlling individual process parameters or an interface to such a control device.

[0066] A control device is, in particular, the totality of all components that influence the radiation-generating device and / or the gas-conducting arrangement. The control device can be designed in the form of hardware components or software components, or as a combination thereof. In particular, the control device has a processor device in which at least parts of the method according to the third aspect of the invention run. The control device preferably has interfaces to various components of the radiation-generating device and / or the gas-conducting arrangement. For example, if the components are sensor elements, sensor values ​​in the effective path are recorded, transmitted to the control device, and evaluated there, as already described above.Alternatively or additionally, individual components of the radiation-generating device, for example based on the values ​​detected by the sensor elements, can be controlled via the control device, for example, the radiation sources, the radiation-generating devices, the optical units, the optical modules, and the exit opening of the radiation-generating device. For example, the control device is at least partially a component of the radiation-generating device and / or the gas-conducting arrangement. Or, the control device is an external component or part of an air conditioning or ventilation system, which is then connected and communicates with the various components via the interfaces, at least temporarily, for example, wirelessly or wired.

[0067] The purpose and functioning of such a control device are explained in connection with the method according to the invention using an exemplary embodiment.

[0068] The use of a radiation generating device, in particular according to the invention, which is provided for generating and emitting optical radiation, in particular in the form of UV-C radiation, has a number of advantages in connection with a gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention.

[0069] When filters are used to inactivate pollutants in the gas stream, for example, they generate backpressure in the effective section. This backpressure must be overcome, for example by means of a fan. This requires electrical power. In addition, the gas flow section, especially the effective section, must be absolutely leak-proof to prevent unwanted gas escape. This is why existing gas-carrying systems are difficult to retrofit with appropriate filter systems. Even the smallest leaks render a filter system useless. Filter systems also collect all germs, such as viruses, bacteria, and the like. These can then continue to migrate within the filter system and even multiply there. Furthermore, filter systems can only be replaced by qualified personnel.

[0070] In contrast, the solution according to the invention offers a number of advantages. First, it is more energy-efficient, especially when using LEDs. Furthermore, no backpressure is generated in the effective path, and there are no expensive and contaminated replacement filters. If necessary, the gas-carrying system can be supplemented with a coarse dust filter. Such a filter protects the gas-carrying system from coarse contamination, is inexpensive, and can be easily replaced.

[0071] An existing HVAC system, ventilation system, or air conditioning system can be easily retrofitted. The only important thing is that the system has a suitable gas duct section that serves as an effective path. Such a gas duct section is preferably sufficiently long and has a straight line. A radiation generation device is then installed on or in this gas duct section suitable as an effective path.

[0072] The solution according to the invention results in an excellent cleaning effect, so that a larger proportion of room air can be recirculated.

[0073] According to the third aspect of the invention, a method for inactivating photosensitive pollutants in a gas stream is provided, which method has the features of independent claim 25.

[0074] In a gas-conducting arrangement, the gas flow flows through a gas-conducting section, which forms or has an effective path, in particular a rectilinear one, with a longitudinal extension along a longitudinal axis and with a cross-sectional area. In particular, the gas flow flows through a gas-conducting arrangement according to the second aspect of the invention. To avoid repetition, reference is therefore made here in full to the explanations relating to the second aspect of the invention with regard to the description of the individual method steps and the sequence of the method.

[0075] The method is characterized according to the invention in that by means of a radiation generating device for generating and emitting optical radiation, which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in the gas stream, optical radiation is emitted with a defined beam area with a parallel or approximately parallel beam path with respect to the longitudinal axis of the effective path, preferably over a defined effective path length, and is radiated through the effective path.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the optical radiation is radiated through the effective path with an optical radiation field which is adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the effective path, or which corresponds to the cross-sectional area of ​​the effective path or is slightly smaller.

[0077] According to one embodiment, a radiation dose adapted for the inactivation of specific light-sensitive pollutants is provided via the radiation generation device within the effective path. This is achieved in particular using the control device described above. This is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment.

[0078] When designing an HVAC system, ventilation system or air conditioning system, in particular a gas-carrying arrangement provided therein, at least one pollutant to be inactivated is specified, typically together with the customer, and the radiation dose generated by the radiation generation device, for example a UV dose, such as a UV-C dose, is adjusted according to the specified pollutant. Preferably, the system is always set to the highest radiation dose to be applied (e.g. UV-C dose). Conventional systems cannot be dimmed; there is only an on or off state. The radiation generation device according to the invention and the gas-carrying arrangement according to the invention are operated in particular with LEDs, which can preferably be dimmed. In this way, the dose in the system can be flexibly adjusted to the specified pollutant, which can of course also change in the future.For this purpose, the radiation flux of the LEDs can be flexibly adjusted via the control unit. One effect of this is to save energy. Alternatively, the radiation dose can be kept constant. The dose is specifically the relationship between optical energy, i.e. the intensity of the radiation, and the effective time. The effective time is largely determined by the speed of the gas flow and the effective distance in the system. The effective distance is difficult to adjust. However, the intensity of the radiation can be adjusted by measuring the speed of the gas flow using a corresponding sensor element so that a constant dose is continuously achieved within the effective distance. The sensor element records the speed values ​​and transmits them via an interface to the control unit, where the sensor values ​​are further processed.During periods of low usage and thus a low gas flow velocity, the LED is dimmed by the control unit, thus reducing energy consumption. The sensor element installed in the active section measures the gas velocity. A control loop in the control unit adjusts the control of the LEDs to ensure a constant dose. A further synergistic effect arises from the arrangement of the radiation generation device in the gas guide section if the LEDs are cooled by the active gas flow. In this case, the heat to be dissipated correlates with the measured gas velocity.

[0079] A process known from LED lighting technology is known as "Constant Light Output - CLO." This process compensates for the typical degradation of LEDs with increasing current, ensuring that the same illuminance is always achieved. This process can also be applied to UV-C LEDs. Thus, through readjustment, a constant luminous intensity is always achieved; at the same gas velocity, a constant dose is also achieved. This is advantageous in the inactivation of pollutants, for example, during disinfection, to prevent the creation of a false sense of safety that is not guaranteed by the system. For this purpose, a degradation curve can either be programmed into the control unit or dynamically determined by a sensor element for measuring the irradiance of the emitted optical radiation. The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.Show it.

[0080] Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a radiation generating device according to the invention;

[0081] Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a radiation generating device according to the invention in a first position;

[0082] Figure 3 shows the second embodiment of the radiation generating device according to the invention in a second position;

[0083] Figure 4 shows a first embodiment of a gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention;

[0084] Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention;

[0085] Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of a gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention;

[0086] Figure 7 shows a fourth embodiment of a gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention;

[0087] Figure 8 shows a fifth embodiment of a gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention; and

[0088] Figure 9 shows a sixth embodiment of a gas-conducting arrangement according to the invention.

[0089] The present invention relates to a solution in which light-sensitive pollutants are inactivated by means of optical radiation, in particular in the form of UV-C radiation.

[0090] The optical radiation is generated via a radiation generating device 10. Figures 1 to 3 describe various exemplary embodiments of such a radiation generating device 10. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, the radiation generating device 10 has a housing 11, which in turn has an inlet opening 12 and an outlet opening 13. The inlet opening 12 is optional and not absolutely necessary. According to other embodiments, a closed wall can be realized instead of the inlet opening. Located within the housing 11 is at least one optical module 14 for generating optical radiation. The radiation generating device 10 has a series of optical modules 14 for generating optical radiation.In the example shown, the radiation generating device 10 has three rows of modules 17a, 17b, 17c, each row of modules having three optical units 14a arranged next to one another. The individual rows of modules are arranged offset from one another in the housing 11. Each optical unit 14a has a number of radiation generating devices 15, which in the exemplary embodiment shown have radiation sources 15a in the form of UV-C LEDs. The optical radiation generated by the radiation sources 15a is parallelized via an optical arrangement (not shown) for collecting and parallelizing the optical radiation, so that the optical radiation generated by the radiation generating device 10 exits the radiation generating device in parallel or approximately parallel via the exit opening 13. In Figure 1, the exiting optical radiation is schematically represented by the arrow 19.

[0091] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the individual modules 14 and optical units 14a can be cooled by a gas stream. The gas stream enters the housing 11 via the inlet opening 12, flows through and / or around the individual components mentioned, and then exits via the outlet opening 13. The gas stream can be the gas stream to be freed from the light-sensitive pollutants. This will be discussed in more detail later with reference to the embodiment shown in Figures 8 and 9. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, three rows 17a, 17b, 17c of optical modules 14 are arranged offset from one another, which together generate a radiation field with a rectangular cross-section.

[0092] For various reasons, for example for maintenance or adjustment purposes, it may be desirable for the modules 14, or their components such as optical units 14a, radiation generation devices 15, or radiation sources 15a, to be arranged in the housing 11 in an easily accessible manner. One embodiment of how this can be realized is shown in Figures 2 and 3. The radiation generation device 10 in turn has a housing 11 with an optional inlet opening and an outlet opening 13. In the housing 11 there is in turn an optical module 14 in the form of a row of optical units 14a for generating optical radiation, which are arranged side by side and each have at least one radiation generation device 15 with at least one radiation source 15a for generating optical radiation in the form of UV-C LEDs.In the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, only one module row 17a is shown. It is of course also conceivable, as in Figure 1, to provide several module rows one below the other, for example, offset from one another.

[0093] To facilitate access to the modules 14 or optical units 14a, these are arranged on a sliding device 18. The modules 14 can be pulled out of the housing 11 via the sliding device 18, which can have a suitable rail system, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 2 shows the modules 14 in an inserted state. Using the sliding device 18, it is possible to easily maintain the modules 14 and, if necessary, to replace individual components. Furthermore, the number and positioning of the individual modules 14 or optical units 14a can be changed as needed, whereby the beam field of the optical radiation generated by the radiation generation device 10 can be changed as needed.The individual voltage sources 15a for generating the optical radiation in the form of LEDs are designed as dimmable elements or LEDs in both embodiments.

[0094] The optical radiation in the form of UV-C radiation generated by the radiation generating device 10 is used to inactivate light-sensitive pollutants in a gas-conducting arrangement. Various embodiments of gas-conducting arrangements are described below with reference to Figures 4 to 9.

[0095] The gas-conducting arrangement 20 described in the following exemplary embodiments is a component of an air conditioning system, a ventilation system, or an air handling unit through which a gas stream in the form of an air stream flows, which generally has an increased flow velocity. The gas stream may carry light-sensitive pollutants that must be inactivated. This is done with the aid of a radiation-generating device 10, such as that shown in Figures 1 to 3.

[0096] Figures 4 to 7 describe a number of embodiments which, with regard to the positioning of the

[0097] Radiation generating device 10 is constructed according to a first design principle.

[0098] Figure 4 initially schematically illustrates the basic structure of the gas-conducting arrangement 20. The gas-conducting arrangement 20 has a gas-conducting section 21. A portion of the gas-conducting section 21 is designed as an active path 22. The inactivation of the light-sensitive pollutants takes place within the active path 22. The active path 22 has a sufficiently long active path length 28, within which a gas stream is exposed to the optical radiation 19 emitted by the radiation-generating device 10. The optical radiation is UV-C radiation. The active path length 28 can be several meters, for example up to 15 m long. The active path 22 has a rectilinear course. The active path 22 extends longitudinally along a longitudinal axis 23 and has a defined cross-sectional area 26, for example a rectangular cross-section.In the area of ​​a change in direction 24, for example, in a bend, of the gas guide section 21, the radiation generating device 10 is arranged externally on the gas guide section 21. The optical radiation 19 generated by the radiation generating device 10 is coupled into the effective path 22 via an optical coupling element 25, which consists, for example, of a UV-transparent material. The radiation generating device 10 is thus located in front of or in a first end region 29 of the effective path 22.

[0099] The radiation generating device 10 generates and emits optical radiation 19, which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in the gas stream flowing through the gas guide section 21 and thus also the active path 22, in particular for generating and emitting UV-C radiation. The optical radiation 19 is coupled into the first end region 29 of the active path 22 via the radiation generating device 10 and provided. The radiation generating device 10 is configured such that the optical radiation 19 is emitted through the active path 22 with a parallel or approximately parallel beam path with respect to the longitudinal axis 23 of the active path 22 over the defined active path length 28.The optical radiation 19 is emitted with an optical radiation field 27 which is adapted to the cross-sectional area 26 of the effective path 22, or which corresponds to the cross-sectional area 26 of the effective path 22 or is slightly smaller.

[0100] Figure 5 shows an embodiment based on the basic principle of the embodiment shown in Figure 4. For this reason, reference is first made to the explanations relating to Figure 4. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the radiation generating device 10 is again flanged externally in a region 24 of the change in direction of the gas guide section 21. An optical coupling device 25 in the form of a UV-transparent medium, for example a quartz glass pane, allows the radiation generating device 10 to be separated from the direct gas flow in the gas guide section 21.

[0101] Additionally, a swirling element 31, for example in the form of a grid, is located in the effective section 22, which swirls the gas stream as it passes through. Corresponding swirls are designated by the reference numeral 31a. The swirling element 31 swirls the gas stream in such a way that a more uniform dose of individual aerosols and particles can be expected in the gas stream. This also reaches pollutants that are shaded by dust and particles, since UV radiation can only be effective when exposed directly.

[0102] Furthermore, a radiation trap element 32 is located in the effective path 22, so that no UV radiation can escape from the designated area. This radiation trap element 32 can be made of a completely absorbent material, for example, titanium dioxide (TiO2). TiO2 has the advantage of forming radicals when combined with UV radiation, which can also break down odorous substances or toxic protein chains. Due to the inclined position of the radiation trap element 32, a deep penetration depth and a significantly larger reactive surface can be achieved. The radiation trap element 32 and the swirling element 31 can also be realized by one and the same element.

[0103] The inner walls of the active path 22 can be lined or coated with a UV-C reflective material so that optical radiation 19 is reflected in a directed manner. The radiation-generating device 10 consists, as also shown, for example, in Figure 1, of a number of optical units 14a for generating light radiation, which are arranged in three module rows 17a, 17b, 17c, one below the other and offset from one another within the housing 11 of the radiation-generating device 10. The radiation-generating device 10 emits optical radiation 19 with a radiation field 27 that is adapted to the cross-section of the active path 22, for example, fully illuminating it.

[0104] In the gas guide section 21, in the region of the effective path 22, a sensor element 33 for measuring the velocity of the gas flow is also arranged, which is connected to a control device 35 via an interface 36. Another sensor element 34 for measuring the irradiance of the emitted optical radiation 19 is also arranged in the effective path 22 and is connected to the control device 35 via an interface 37. The individual optical units 14a of the radiation generation device 10 are also connected to the control device 35 via suitable interfaces 38.

[0105] The gas stream to be freed from the light-sensitive pollutants can flow in different directions through the gas guide section 21 and the active path 22. In a first embodiment, the gas stream flows in a flow direction 30a that is parallel to the propagation direction of the optical radiation 19. In another embodiment, the gas stream flows in a flow direction 30b that is antiparallel to the propagation direction of the optical radiation 19.

[0106] For example, a radiation dose adapted for the inactivation of specific light-sensitive pollutants can be provided via the radiation generation device 10 within the effective path 22. This is achieved in particular using the control device 35. The radiation generation device 10 and the gas-conducting arrangement 20 are operated in particular with LEDs, which can preferably be dimmed. This allows the dose in the system to be flexibly adapted to the pollutants to be inactivated. For example, the radiation dose can be kept constant. The dose is, in particular, the relationship between optical energy, i.e., the intensity of the optical radiation 19, and the effective time. The effective time is determined primarily by the speed of the gas flow and the effective path 22 in the system. The effective path 22 is difficult to adjust.However, the intensity of the optical radiation 19 can be adjusted by measuring the velocity of the gas flow through the sensor element 33 so that a constant dose is continuously achieved within the effective path 22. The sensor element 33 records the velocity values ​​and transmits them via the interface 36 to the control device 35, where the sensor values ​​are further processed. During low usage and thus low gas flow velocity, the optical units 14a for generating the light radiation are dimmed accordingly, receiving corresponding commands from the control device 35 via the interfaces 38. The sensor element 33 inserted in the effective path 22 measures the gas velocity. Via a control loop in the control device 35, the control of the optical units 14a is changed so that a constant dose is achieved.For example, the sensor element 34 for measuring the luminous intensity can be used to ensure that the optical radiation 19 is always present with the same illuminance.

[0107] The embodiment shown in Figure 6 largely corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 5, so that in this regard, reference is initially made to the explanations for Figure 5. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. Therefore, only the differences will be discussed below. The radiation generating device 10 is again placed outside the region 24 of a change in direction. In this case, the angle of the change in direction is not insignificant. In this example, a 90° angle is assumed. The adjacent surfaces 39 of the inner wall of the gas guide section 21 and the effective path 22 are lined with absorbent material so that radiation radiated into the effective path 22 cannot be backscattered into the region of the gas guide section 21 lying in front of the effective path 22.The lining of the inner wall of the active zone 22 may only be made with absorbent or specularly reflected material. Diffusely reflecting materials would lead to uncontrollable and random scattered light, which would be scattered back into the area of ​​the gas guide section 21 located in front of the active zone 22. Directionally reflected radiation is reflected back into the active zone 22 via a concave reflective surface 40. This arrangement prevents unwanted radiation from escaping from the reactor area. A light trap element 32 at the end is advantageous.

[0108] The embodiment shown in Figure 7 largely corresponds to the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6, so reference is first made to the explanations for Figures 5 and 6. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. Therefore, only the differences will be discussed below.

[0109] The gas-conducting arrangement 20 according to Figure 7 is designed with an external radiation generation device 10 on a gas-conducting section 21 branching off at 90° with an effective path 22 and with a one-sided reflective surface r40 in the form of a mirror and absorbing adjacent surfaces 39. A further region 21a of the gas-conducting section 21 branches off in the second end region 41 of the effective path 22. A further concave reflective surface r42 in the form of a mirror is introduced in the second end region 41, which preferably projects beyond the upper edge 43 of the effective path 22 and into the further region 21a of the gas-conducting section 21, so that even very obliquely incident radiation is reflected back into the effective path 22. The further reflective surface 42 is thus preferably designed to be larger than the width of the effective path 22.The surface 44 on the inner wall of the further region 21a of the gas guide section 21, which is opposite the further reflective surface 42, is preferably mirrored in a directionally reflective manner so that no scattered light is generated.

[0110] The embodiment shown in Figure 7 is, in particular, a standalone arrangement that can be integrated into an air-conditioning system (HVAC). As a standalone component, this embodiment can be scaled independently and thus offers advantages in prefabrication and certification. The effective distance 22 is almost doubled. UV radiation remains within the designated area and can be used effectively. Light trap elements are not required in such a case. This also eliminates the air resistance of the light trap elements and the material and assembly costs for the light trap elements.

[0111] With reference to Figures 8 and 9, a series of exemplary embodiments will now be described which are constructed according to a second design principle with regard to the positioning of the radiation generating device 10.

[0112] Figure 8 initially schematically illustrates the basic structure of the gas-conducting arrangement 20. The gas-conducting arrangement 20 has a gas-conducting section 21. A portion of the gas-conducting section 21 is designed as an active path 22. The inactivation of the light-sensitive pollutants takes place within the active path 22. This time, the radiation-generating device 10 is not located outside the gas-conducting section 21, but rather inside it. For this purpose, the gas-conducting section 21 has an enlarged region 21b, which forms a bulbous extension of the gas-conducting section 21. The radiation-generating device 10 generates and emits optical radiation 19, which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in the gas stream flowing through the gas-conducting section 21 and thus also the active path 22, in particular for generating and emitting UV-C radiation.The optical radiation 19 is coupled into a first end region 29 of the effective path 22 via the radiation generating device 10 and provided.

[0113] This first end region 29 is located in the beam direction of the optical radiation 19 behind the radiation generating device 10.

[0114] The radiation generating device 10 is configured such that the optical radiation 19 is emitted through the effective path 22 with a parallel or approximately parallel beam path with respect to the longitudinal axis 23 of the effective path 22 over the defined effective path length 28. The optical radiation 19 is emitted with a beam field 27 that is adapted to the cross-sectional area 26 of the effective path 22, or that corresponds to the cross-sectional area 26 of the effective path 22 or is slightly smaller.

[0115] In contrast to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the radiation generating device 10 according to the embodiment of Figure 8 can now also be flowed through and / or around by the gas flow flowing through the gas guiding section 21 in a flow direction 30a, whereby the individual components of the radiation generating device 10 could be cooled. In this regard, reference is also made to the explanations relating to Figure 1, where such a situation is explained.

[0116] Figure 9 shows an embodiment based on the basic principle of the embodiment shown in Figure 8. For this reason, reference is first made to the explanations for Figure 8. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0117] The basic structure of the effective path 22 with its components, as well as the basic structure of the radiation generating device 10, correspond to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 5, so that reference is also made to the explanations relating to Figure 5. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0118] In Figure 9, only the course of the gas guide section 21 is different, namely as shown in Figure 8, so that reference is made to the explanations for Figure 5 in this regard. Identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. In the embodiment shown in Figure 9, the gas guide section 21 is also straight upstream of the radiation generating device 10. In the region 21b, in which the radiation generating device 10 is arranged in the gas guide section 21, the gas guide section 21 is enlarged in order to reduce air resistance. Depending on the design, the gas flow can flow in the gas flow direction 30a or 30b. For example, the gas flow flows partially through the radiation generating device 10 in the flow direction 30a.For this purpose, the gas stream enters the housing 11 of the radiation generation device 10 in the flow direction 30a via the inlet opening 12, flows through and / or around the optical units 14a located therein to generate optical radiation, and then exits the housing 11 of the radiation generation device 10 via the outlet opening 13. This cools the components of the radiation generation device 10. The gas stream then enters the active section 22 in the flow direction 30a, where the pollutants are inactivated. Part of the gas stream also flows past the radiation generation device 10 in the enlarged region 21b of the gas guide section 21. However, since the active section 22 always lies outside the enlarged region 21a of the gas guide section, a gas stream contaminated with pollutants can never flow past the active section 21.

[0119] List of reference symbols

[0120] 10 Radiation generating device

[0121] 11 housings

[0122] 12 Entrance opening

[0123] 13 Exit opening

[0124] 14 Optics module

[0125] 14a Optical unit

[0126] 15 Radiation generation device

[0127] 15a Radiation source (LED)

[0128] 16 Gas baffle

[0129] 17a module series

[0130] 17b module series

[0131] 17 module series

[0132] 18 Pusher device

[0133] 19 Optical radiation

[0134] 20 Gas-carrying arrangement

[0135] 21 Gas guide section

[0136] 21a Area of ​​the gas supply section

[0137] 21b Enlarged area of ​​the gas guide section

[0138] 22 effective distance

[0139] 23 Longitudinal axis of the effective length

[0140] 24 Area of ​​change of direction

[0141] 25 Optical coupling device

[0142] 26 Cross-sectional area of ​​the effective distance

[0143] 27 Optical beam field

[0144] 28 Effective distance length

[0145] 29 First end area of ​​the effective distance

[0146] 30a Flow direction of the gas stream

[0147] 30b Flow direction of the gas stream 31 Swirling element

[0148] 31a Turbulence

[0149] 32 radiation trap element

[0150] 33 Sensor element for measuring the speed of the gas flow 34 Sensor element for measuring the light intensity

[0151] 35 Control device

[0152] 36 Interface

[0153] 37 Interface

[0154] 38 Interface 39 Adjacent area

[0155] 40 Reflective surface (concave)

[0156] 41 Second end area of ​​the effective distance

[0157] 42 Reflective surface (concave)

[0158] 43 Upper edge of the effective distance 44 Area

Claims

Patent claims 1. A radiation generating device (10) for generating and emitting optical radiation (19), which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream, in particular microbiological pollutants, in particular for generating and emitting UV radiation, in particular UV-C radiation, with at least one optical module (14) comprising one or more optical units (14a), with at least one radiation generating device (15) for generating the optical radiation (19), and at least one optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the optical radiation (19), which is assigned to the radiation generating device (15), wherein the one or more optical units (14a) are designed to generate an optical beam field (27) with a parallel beam path or a beam path with a predetermined small aperture angle,which exits the radiation generating device (10) in parallel or approximately parallel, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) is provided for emitting optical radiation (19) with a variable optical beam field (27) and / or with a variable irradiance.

2. Radiation generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical module (14) has two or more optical units (14a) for generating optical radiation (19), and that the optical units (14a) are provided in particular next to one another and / or one below the other and / or in a matrix-like manner to one another and / or offset to one another.

3. Radiation generating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radiation generating device has two or more optical modules (14), and that the optical modules (14) are provided in particular next to one another and / or one below the other and / or in a matrix-like manner to one another and / or offset to one another.

4. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radiation generating device (15) has at least one radiation source (15a), and that the radiation source (15a) has at least one LED or is designed as at least one LED.

5. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the radiation generating device (15) has a substrate on which one or more radiation sources (15a), in particular in the form of LEDs, is / are arranged or formed, and that optionally at least one optical element, in particular a lens element, is provided on the substrate for influencing the optical radiation (19) emitted by the radiation source(s) (15a).

6. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the optical radiation (19) has at least one reflector element and optionally at least one optical element, in particular a lens element for influencing the optical radiation (19) emitted by the radiation generating device (15).

7. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the at least one radiation source (15a) is detachably arranged on / in the radiation generating device (15).

8. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the radiation generating device (15) is detachably arranged in the optical unit (14a), and / or that the radiation generating device (15) can be positioned in the optical unit (14a) via a positioning device.

9. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one optical module (14) and / or the at least one optical unit (14a) is / are arranged, in particular flexibly and / or movably, in a housing (11).

10. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one optical module (14) and / or the at least one optical unit (14a) is / are provided in such a way that they are capable of being flowed around and / or through by a gas flow, and in that the at least one optical module (14) or the at least one optical unit (14a) optionally has / have at least one gas baffle (16) on a rear side.

11. Radiation generating device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the optical module (14) or the optical unit (14a) or the radiation generating device (15) is provided in such a way that it is able to change the irradiance of the emitted light radiation (19), in particular is designed to be dimmable.

12. Gas-conducting arrangement (20), in particular an air-conducting arrangement, which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants, in particular microbiological pollutants, in a gas stream, the gas-conducting arrangement (20) comprising: (a) a gas guide section (21) which has an effective section (22), in particular a straight section, with a longitudinal extension along a longitudinal axis (23) and with a cross-sectional area (26), (b) a radiation generating device (10) for generating and emitting optical radiation (19), which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in the gas stream, in particular microbiological pollutants, in particular for generating and emitting UV radiation, in particular UV-C radiation, which is configured to generate optical radiation (19) with a parallel or approximately parallel beam path with respect to the longitudinal axis (23) of the Effective path (22), preferably over a defined effective path length (28), through the effective path (22).

13. Gas-conducting arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) is configured to emit optical radiation (19) with an optical radiation field (27) which is adapted to the cross-sectional area (26) of the effective path (22), or which corresponds to the cross-sectional area (26) of the effective path (22) or is slightly smaller.

14. Gas-conducting arrangement according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) has at least one optical module (14), comprising at least one optical unit (14a), with at least one radiation generating device (15) for generating the optical radiation (19), and at least one optical arrangement for collecting and parallelizing the optical radiation (19), which is assigned to the radiation generating device (15), wherein the at least one optical unit (14a) is designed to generate an optical beam field (27) with a parallel beam path or a beam path with a predetermined small aperture angle, which emerges from the radiation generating device (10) in parallel or approximately parallel, or in that the radiation generating device (10) has features according to one of claims 1 to 11.

15. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that at least one swirling element (31) for the gas flow is arranged or formed within the effective section (22).

16. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that in at least one end region (29, 41) of the effective path (22), preferably before a change of direction and / or in a change of direction and / or projecting into a change of direction, at least one, optionally collimating, reflective surface (40, 42) is provided, which is designed to reflect the optical radiation (19) emitted from the radiation generating device (10). reflect that in particular the reflective surface (40, 42) is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area (26) of the effective path (22), and that optionally surfaces (39, 44) of the effective path (22) or of the gas guide section (21) adjacent to the reflective surface (40, 42) are provided in a directed reflecting and / or absorbing manner.

17. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that within the effective path (22), in particular in an end region (29, 41) of the effective path (22), at least one radiation trap element (32) for the optical radiation (19) emitted by the radiation generating device (10) is arranged or formed.

18. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that at least individual regions (39, 44) of the gas-conducting section (21), in particular of the effective path (22), are lined or coated with a material which reflects and / or absorbs the optical radiation (19) emitted by the radiation-generating device (10) or consist of such a material.

19. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that a sensor element (33) for measuring the speed of the gas stream flowing through the effective section (22) is provided on or in the effective section (22), and / or that a sensor element (34) for measuring the irradiance of the emitted optical radiation (19) is provided on or in the effective section (22) or in the beam direction of the optical radiation (19) behind the radiation generating device (10).

20. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) is arranged, in particular detachably, entirely on the gas-conducting arrangement (20) or entirely or partially within the gas-conducting arrangement (20).

21. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) is arranged in the gas-conducting arrangement (20) in such a way that the gas flow flows wholly or at least partly through the radiation generating device (10) and / or flows at least partly past the radiation generating device (10), wherein preferably the cross section in the region (21 b) of the gas-conducting section (21 ) in which the radiation generating device (10) is provided is enlarged or constant in comparison to the cross section (26) of the effective path (22).

22. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) is provided immediately before or in the region (24) of a change in direction of the gas-conducting section (21), and / or that the gas-conducting section (21) before the effective section (22) and the effective section (22) have the same cross-section, and / or that the cross-section in the region of the effective section (22) is reduced in comparison to the cross-section of the gas-conducting section (21) before and / or after the effective section (22).

23. Gas-conducting arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) and the gas-conducting section (21), in particular its effective path (22), are separated from one another by an optical coupling device (25).

24. Radiation generating device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11, or gas-conducting device (20) according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that the radiation generating device (10) and / or the gas-conducting arrangement (20) has / have a control device (35) for controlling individual process parameters or an interface to such a control device (35).

25. Method for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in a gas stream which is in a gas-conducting arrangement (20), in particular a gas-conducting Arrangement (20) according to one of claims 12 to 24, a gas guide section (21 ), which has an effective path (22), in particular a straight path, with a longitudinal extension along a longitudinal axis (23) and with a cross-sectional area (26), characterized in that by means of a radiation generating device (10) for generating and emitting optical radiation (19), which is provided for inactivating light-sensitive pollutants in the gas stream, optical radiation (19) with a parallel or approximately parallel beam path with respect to the longitudinal axis (23) of the effective path (22), preferably over a defined effective path length (28), and is radiated through the effective path (22).

26. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that the optical radiation (19) is radiated through the effective path (22) with an optical radiation field (27) which is adapted to the cross-sectional area (26) of the effective path (22), or which corresponds to the cross-sectional area (26) of the effective path (22) or is slightly smaller.

27. Method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that a radiation dose adapted for the inactivation of certain light-sensitive pollutants is provided via the radiation generating device (10) within the effective path (22).

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