Apparatus and method for managing plurality of battery cells

Abstract

According to various embodiments of the present invention, provided is an operating method of an electronic device comprising: a first processor corresponding to a host stack; a second processor corresponding to a first controller stack; memory; and a transceiver, the host stack and the controller stack being connected through a host controller interface (HCI). The operating method comprises the steps of: transmitting a first battery management command (BM command) to each of a plurality of battery cells included in one or more battery cell groups; receiving a first battery management response (BM response) from each of the plurality of battery cells; determining priorities for the plurality of battery cells on the basis of the first battery management responses and transmission periods based on the priorities; transmitting a second battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells on the basis of the priorities and the transmission periods; and receiving a second battery management response from each of the plurality of battery cells.

Description

Device and method for managing multiple battery cells

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a device and method for managing a plurality of battery cells. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a device and method for reducing communication load by adjusting the transmission cycle of status request messages by differentiating the priority of each battery cell according to the status of each battery cell.

[0002] Managing multiple battery cells requires precisely synchronized control technology between the cells and the management device. Battery cell management devices require the exchange of critical information, such as current, voltage, and temperature, across multiple battery cells. However, conventional vehicle battery control technology relies on wired communication via the Controller Area Network Bus (CAN). While electric vehicle batteries require synchronized control of multiple cells, wired communication presents challenges due to the space and weight of the cables. Therefore, wireless control between the multiple battery cells and the battery cell management device is necessary.

[0003] Precise synchronization and control between multiple battery cells and battery cell management devices is required, utilizing Bluetooth low energy mesh (BLE Mesh) or the next-generation short-range wireless communication standard technology of Bluetooth 5.4 or later. However, Bluetooth low energy mesh suffers from low synchronization precision, making it unsuitable for use with multiple battery cells. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology, capable of synchronizing hundreds of battery cells and battery management devices within a few milliseconds, is required.

[0004] BLE-based connection control for electric vehicle batteries requires a latency of less than 625 microseconds, a minimum of eight simultaneous devices, and the ability to transmit 200 bytes at a time. However, with existing Bluetooth technology, each battery cell and battery cell management device individually control the connection, raising concerns about significant performance degradation when multiple battery cells are connected simultaneously. For example, there is a concern that a delay equivalent to the number of battery cells being managed multiplied by 7.5 ms may occur.

[0005] To solve the above-described problems, the present disclosure provides a device and method for managing a plurality of battery cells.

[0006] The present disclosure provides a device and method for reducing communication load by adjusting the transmission cycle of a status request message by differentiating the priority of each battery cell according to the status of each of a plurality of battery cells.

[0007] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0008] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of operating an electronic device is provided, wherein the electronic device includes a first processor corresponding to a host stack; a second processor corresponding to a first controller stack; a memory; and a transceiver, wherein the host stack and the controller stack are connected by a Host Controller Interface (HCI), and the method includes: transmitting a first battery management command (BM command, BM command) to each of a plurality of battery cells included in one or more battery cell groups; receiving a first battery management response (BM response, BM response) from each of the plurality of battery cells; determining a priority for the plurality of battery cells and a transmission cycle based on the priority based on the first battery management response; transmitting a second battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells based on the priority and the transmission cycle; and receiving a second battery management response from each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0009] In an electronic device, there is provided an electronic device comprising: a first processor corresponding to a host stack; a second processor corresponding to a first controller stack; a memory; and a transceiver, wherein the host stack and the controller stack are connected by a Host Controller Interface (HCI), and the memory stores instructions for performing operations based on what is executed by the first processor and the second processor, the operations comprising: transmitting a first battery management command (BM command) to each of a plurality of battery cells included in one or more battery cell groups; receiving a first battery management response (BM response) from each of the plurality of battery cells; determining a priority for the plurality of battery cells and a transmission cycle based on the priority based on the first battery management response; transmitting a second battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells based on the priority and the transmission cycle; and receiving a second battery management response from each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0010] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, and wherein the operations include all steps of a method of operating an electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] To solve the above-described problems, the present disclosure can provide a device and method for managing a plurality of battery cells.

[0012] The present disclosure can provide a device and method for reducing communication load by adjusting the transmission cycle of a status request message by differentiating the priority of each battery cell according to the status of each of a plurality of battery cells.

[0013] The accompanying drawings are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and, together with detailed descriptions, may provide embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form new embodiments. Reference numerals in each drawing may indicate structural elements.

[0014] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system using the Bluetooth low energy technology proposed in the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 2 shows an example of an internal block diagram of a device capable of implementing the methods proposed in the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which the methods proposed in the present disclosure can be applied.

[0017] Figure 4 shows an example of the structure of the GATT (Generic Attribute Profile) of Bluetooth low energy.

[0018] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a connection procedure method in Bluetooth low energy technology to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0019] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a BLE connection for ultra-low latency control of multiple game pads and motion controllers.

[0020] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a process for optimizing scheduling delay in an integrated connection between controller control and LE Audio (low energy audio).

[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when eight ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and two LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0022] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously with an ultra low latency (ULL)-supporting XR device.

[0023] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0024] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0025] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0026] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0027] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a wired communication-based technology for controlling a vehicle battery utilizing multiple battery cells.

[0028] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a wired communication-based technology for controlling a vehicle battery utilizing multiple battery cells.

[0029] Figure 16 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management utilizing periodic BLE communication.

[0030] Figure 17 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management utilizing periodic BLE communication.

[0031] Figure 18 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management utilizing periodic BLE communication.

[0032] Figure 19 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management using a BLE ISO channel (Bluetooth isochronous channel).

[0033] Figure 20 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management using a BLE ISO channel (Bluetooth isochronous channel).

[0034] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of an operation process of a battery management device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0036] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0037] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Furthermore, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as equivalent to “at least one of A and B.”

[0038] Additionally, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0039]

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system using the Bluetooth low energy technology proposed in this specification.

[0041] A wireless communication system (100) includes at least one server device (Server Device, 120) and at least one client device (Client Device, 110).

[0042] The server device and client device perform Bluetooth communication using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE, hereinafter referred to as 'BLE' for convenience) technology.

[0043] First, BLE technology has a relatively small duty cycle compared to Bluetooth BR / EDR (Basic Rate / Enhanced Data Rate) technology, allows for low-cost production, and significantly reduces power consumption through low-speed data transmission rates, enabling operation for more than a year using a coin cell battery.

[0044] Additionally, BLE technology simplifies the connection process between devices and is designed to have a smaller packet size compared to Bluetooth BR / EDR technology.

[0045] In BLE technology, (1) the number of RF channels is 40, (2) the data transmission speed supports 1 Mbps, (3) the topology is a scatternet structure, (4) the latency is 3 ms, (5) the maximum current is 15 mA or less, (6) the output power is 10 mW (10 dBm) or less, and (7) it is mainly used in applications such as mobile phones, watches, sports, healthcare, sensors, and device control.

[0046] The server device (120) can operate as a client device in a relationship with other devices, and the client device can operate as a server device in a relationship with other devices. That is, in a BLE communication system, any one device can operate as a server device or a client device, and, if necessary, can also operate as a server device and a client device simultaneously.

[0047] The above server device (120) may be expressed as a data service device, a client device, a slave device, a server, a conductor, a host device, a gateway, a sensing device, a monitoring device, a first device, a second device, etc.

[0048] The above client device (110) can be expressed as a server device (master device), a master, a client, a member, a sensor device, a sink device, a collector, a third device, a fourth device, etc.

[0049] The server device and the client device are the main components of the wireless communication system, and the wireless communication system may include other components in addition to the server device and the client device.

[0050] The above server device refers to a device that receives data from a client device and performs direct communication with the client device, thereby providing data to the client device through a response when receiving a data request from the client device.

[0051] Additionally, the server device sends a notification message and an indication message to the client device to provide data information to the client device. Additionally, when the server device transmits an indication message to the client device, it receives a confirmation message corresponding to the indication message from the client.

[0052] In addition, the server device can provide data information to a user through an output unit (Display Unit) or receive a request input from a user through an input unit (User Input Interface) in the process of transmitting and receiving notifications, instructions, and confirmation messages to and from a client device.

[0053] Additionally, the server device can read data from a memory unit or write new data to the memory unit during the process of transmitting and receiving messages with the client device.

[0054] Additionally, one server device can be connected to multiple client devices, and can easily reconnect (or connect) to the client devices by utilizing bonding information.

[0055] The above client device (120) refers to a device that requests data information and data transmission from a server device.

[0056] The client device receives data from the server device through a notification message, an instruction message, etc., and when receiving an instruction message from the server device, sends a confirmation message in response to the instruction message.

[0057] Likewise, the client device can provide information to the user through an output unit or receive input from the user through an input unit during the process of transmitting and receiving messages with the server device.

[0058] Additionally, the client device can read data from memory or write new data to the memory during the process of transmitting and receiving messages with the server device.

[0059] Hardware components such as the output section, input section, and memory of the above server device and client device will be examined in detail in Fig. 2.

[0060] Additionally, the wireless communication system can establish a Personal Area Network (PAN) via Bluetooth technology. For example, the wireless communication system can establish a private piconet between devices, enabling the quick and secure exchange of files, documents, and other information.

[0061] FIG. 2 shows an example of an internal block diagram of a device capable of implementing the methods proposed in this specification.

[0062] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the server device (110) includes an input unit (User Input Interface, 112), a power supply unit (Power Supply Unit, 113), a control unit (Control Unit, 114), a memory unit (Memory Unit, 115), a network interface (Network Interface, 116) including a Bluetooth interface, storage (Storage, 117), an output unit (Display Unit, 118), and a multimedia module (Multi Media Module, 119).

[0063] The input unit (User Input Interface, 112), power supply unit (Power Supply Unit, 113), control unit (Control Unit, 114), memory (Memory Unit, 115), network interface (Network Interface, 116) including Bluetooth interface, storage (Storage, 117), output unit (Display Unit, 118), and multimedia module (Multi media Module, 119) are functionally interconnected to perform the method proposed in this specification.

[0064] In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the client devices (#1 and #2) (120) include an input unit (User Input Interface, 122), a power supply unit (Power Supply Unit, 123), a control unit (Control Unit, 124), a memory unit (Memory Unit, 125), a network interface (Network Interface, 126) including a Bluetooth interface, storage (Storage, 127), an output unit (Display Unit, 128), and a multimedia module (Multi media Module, 129).

[0065] The input unit (User Input Interface, 122), power supply unit (Power Supply Unit, 123), control unit (Control Unit, 124), memory (Memory Unit, 125), network interface (Network Interface, 126) including Bluetooth interface, storage (Storage, 127), output unit (Display Unit, 128), and multimedia module (Multi media Module, 129) are functionally interconnected to perform the method proposed in this specification.

[0066] The above network interface (116, 126) refers to a unit (or module) capable of transmitting request / response, command, notification, instruction / confirmation messages, etc. or data between devices using Bluetooth technology.

[0067] The above memory (115, 125) is a unit implemented in various types of devices, and refers to a unit in which various types of data are stored. In addition, the storage (117, 127) refers to a unit that performs a function similar to memory.

[0068] The above control unit (114, 124) refers to a module that controls the overall operation of the server device (110) or client device (120), and controls to request transmission of a message to a network interface or to process a received message.

[0069] The above control unit (114, 124) may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and / or a data processing device.

[0070] The above memory (115, 125) may include a ROM (read-only memory), a RAM (random access memory), a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and / or other storage devices.

[0071] The above memory (115, 125) may be internal or external to the processor (114, 124) and may be connected to the processor (114, 124) by various well-known means.

[0072] The above output unit (118, 128) refers to a module for providing device status information and message exchange information to the user through a screen.

[0073] The above power supply unit (power supply unit, 113, 123) refers to a module that receives external power and internal power under the control of the control unit and supplies the power required for the operation of each component.

[0074] As discussed above, BLE technology has a small duty cycle and can significantly reduce power consumption through low data rates.

[0075] Figure 3 shows an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which the methods proposed in this specification can be applied.

[0076] Specifically, FIG. 3 shows an example of the architecture of Bluetooth LE (Low Energy).

[0077] As illustrated in FIG. 3, the BLE architecture includes a controller stack (Controller stackACK) operable to handle timing-critical wireless device interfaces and a host stack (Host stackACK) operable to handle high level data.

[0078] The above Controller stack may be referred to as a Controller, but to avoid confusion with the processor, which is an internal component of the device mentioned in FIG. 2 above, it will be referred to as a Controller stackACK hereinafter.

[0079] First, the controller stack may be implemented using a communication module that may include a Bluetooth radio, and a processor module that may include a processing device, such as a microprocessor.

[0080] The host stack can be implemented as part of an OS running on a processor module, or as an instantiation of a package on top of the OS.

[0081] In some cases, the controller stack and the host stack may operate or execute on the same processing device within a processor module.

[0082] The host stack includes GAP (Generic Access Profile, 310), GATT-based Profiles (320), GATT (Generic Attribute Profile, 330), ATT (Attribute Protocol, 340), SM (Security Manager, 350), and L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol, 360). However, the host stack is not limited to this and may include various protocols and profiles.

[0083] The host stack multiplexes various protocols, profiles, etc. provided above Bluetooth using L2CAP.

[0084] First, L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol,360) provides a single bidirectional channel for transmitting data to a specific protocol or profile.

[0085] L2CAP may be capable of multiplexing data between upper layer protocols, segmenting and reassembling packages, and managing multicast data transmission.

[0086] BLE uses three fixed channels (one for signaling CH, one for Security Manager, and one for Attribute protocol).

[0087] On the other hand, BR / EDR (Basic Rate / Enhanced Data Rate) uses dynamic channels and supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, streaming mode, etc.

[0088] SM (Security Manager, 350) is a protocol for authenticating devices and providing key distribution.

[0089] ATT (Attribute Protocol, 340) defines the rules for accessing data from other devices in a server-client architecture. ATT has six message types: Request, Response, Command, Notification, Indication, and Confirmation.

[0090] That is, ① Request and Response messages: The Request message is a message for requesting specific information from a client device to a server device, and the Response message is a response message to the Request message, and refers to a message transmitted from the server device to the client device.

[0091] ② Command message: A message sent from a client device to a server device to instruct a specific action command. The server device does not send a response to the Command message to the client device.

[0092] ③ Notification message: A message sent from a server device to a client device for notification of events, etc.; the client device does not send a confirmation message for the Notification message to the server device.

[0093] ④ Indication and Confirm messages: Messages sent from the server device to the client device for notification of events, etc. Unlike the Notification message, the client device sends a confirmation message for the Indication message to the server device.

[0094] GAP (Generic Access Profile) is a new layer implemented for BLE technology, which is used to control role selection for communication between BLE devices and how multi-profile operation occurs.

[0095] Additionally, GAP is primarily used in device discovery, connection creation, and security procedures, defines how to provide information to users, and defines the types of attributes as follows:

[0096] ① Service: Defines the basic operation of the device through a combination of data-related behaviors.

[0097] ② Include: Defines the relationship between services

[0098] ③ Characteristics: Data values ​​used in the service

[0099] ④ Behavior: Computer-readable format defined as UUID (Universal Unique Identifier, value type)

[0100] GATT-based Profiles are profiles that depend on GATT and are primarily applied to BLE devices. GATT-based Profiles include Battery, Time, FindMe, Proximity, Time, and Object Delivery Service. The specifics of GATT-based Profiles are as follows.

[0101] Battery: How to exchange battery information

[0102] Time: A method for exchanging time information

[0103] FindMe: Distance-based alarm service

[0104] Proximity: How to Exchange Battery Information

[0105] Time: A method for exchanging time information

[0106] GATT can function as a protocol that describes how ATT is used when composing services. For example, GATT can be used to specify how ATT attributes are grouped into services, and can be used to describe the features associated with services.

[0107] Therefore, GATT and ATT can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how features relate to each other, and how they are used.

[0108] The controller stack includes a physical layer (390), a link layer (380), and a host controller interface (370).

[0109] The physical layer (wireless transmission / reception module, 390) is a layer that transmits and receives 2.4 GHz wireless signals and uses GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation and a frequency hopping technique consisting of 40 RF channels.

[0110] The link layer (380) transmits or receives Bluetooth packets.

[0111] Additionally, the link layer performs advertising and scanning functions using three advertising channels, then creates a connection between devices, and provides the ability to send and receive data packets of up to 42 bytes through 37 data channels.

[0112] HCI (Host Controller Interface) provides an interface between the Host stack and the Controller stack, allowing the Host stack to provide commands and data to the Controller stack, and allowing the Controller stack to provide events and data to the Host stack.

[0113] Below, we will briefly look at the procedures of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology.

[0114] BLE procedures can be divided into device filtering procedures, advertising procedures, scanning procedures, discovering procedures, and connecting procedures.

[0115] Device Filtering Procedure

[0116] Device filtering procedures are a way to reduce the number of devices that respond to requests, instructions, notifications, etc. in the controller stack.

[0117] When a request is received from any device, since it is unnecessary to respond to it, the controller stack can control the power consumption of the BLE controller stack by reducing the number of requests transmitted.

[0118] An advertising device or scanning device may perform the above device filtering procedure to limit the devices that receive advertising packets, scan requests, or connection requests.

[0119] Here, an advertising device refers to a device that transmits an advertising event, i.e., performs an advertisement, and is also expressed as an advertiser.

[0120] A scanning device is a device that performs scanning and transmits scan requests.

[0121] In BLE, when a scanning device receives some advertising packets from an advertising device, the scanning device must send a scan request to the advertising device.

[0122] However, if a device filtering procedure is used to make sending scan requests unnecessary, the scanning device may ignore advertising packets transmitted from the advertising device.

[0123] Device filtering procedures may also be used during the connection request process. If device filtering is used during the connection request process, the connection request is ignored, eliminating the need to send a response to the connection request.

[0124] Advertising Procedure

[0125] An advertising device performs an advertising procedure to perform a non-directional broadcast to devices within the area.

[0126] Here, non-directional broadcast refers to broadcast in all directions rather than broadcasting in a specific direction.

[0127] In contrast, a directional broadcast refers to a broadcast in a specific direction. A non-directional broadcast occurs without a connection procedure between an advertising device and a device in a listening (or listening) state (hereinafter referred to as a listening device).

[0128] The advertising process is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with a nearby initiating device.

[0129] Alternatively, the advertising procedure may be used to provide periodic broadcasts of user data to scanning devices listening on the advertising channel.

[0130] In the advertising process, all advertisements (or advertising events) are broadcast through the advertising physical channel.

[0131] Advertising devices can receive scan requests from listening devices that are listening to obtain additional user data from the advertising device. The advertising device transmits a response to the scan request to the device that sent the scan request over the same advertising physical channel as the advertising physical channel that received the scan request.

[0132] Broadcast user data sent as part of advertising packets is dynamic data, whereas scan response data is typically static data.

[0133] An advertising device can receive a connection request from an initiating device on an advertising (broadcast) physical channel. If the advertising device uses a connectable advertising event and the initiating device is not filtered by the device filtering procedure, the advertising device stops advertising and enters connected mode. The advertising device can resume advertising after entering connected mode.

[0134] Scanning Procedure

[0135] A device performing scanning, i.e., a scanning device, performs a scanning procedure to listen for non-directional broadcasts of user data from advertising devices using an advertising physical channel.

[0136] The scanning device transmits a scan request to the advertising device via the advertising physical channel to request additional data from the advertising device. The advertising device transmits a scan response, which is a response to the scan request, including the additional data requested from the scanning device via the advertising physical channel.

[0137] The above scanning procedure can be used while connecting with other BLE devices in a BLE piconet.

[0138] If the scanning device is in initiator mode, which means that it can receive a broadcasted advertising event and initiate a connection request, the scanning device can initiate a Bluetooth connection with the advertising device by sending a connection request to the advertising device over the advertising physical channel.

[0139] When a scanning device sends a connection request to an advertising device, the scanning device stops initiator mode scanning for further broadcasts and enters connection mode.

[0140] Discovery Procedure

[0141] Devices capable of Bluetooth communication (hereinafter referred to as “Bluetooth devices”) perform advertising and scanning procedures to discover nearby devices or to be discovered by other devices within a given area.

[0142] The discovery process is performed asymmetrically. A Bluetooth device attempting to locate other devices in its vicinity is called a discovering device and listens for devices advertising scannable advertising events. A Bluetooth device discovered and available to other devices is called a discoverable device and actively broadcasts advertising events over the advertising (broadcast) physical channel to make it scannable.

[0143] Both the discovering device and the discoverable device may already be connected to other Bluetooth devices in the piconet.

[0144] Connecting Procedure

[0145] The connection procedure is asymmetric, requiring one Bluetooth device to perform an advertising procedure while another Bluetooth device performs a scanning procedure.

[0146] That is, the advertising process can be targeted, resulting in only one device responding to the advertisement. After receiving an accessible advertising event from the advertising device, a connection can be initiated by sending a connection request to the advertising device via the advertising (broadcast) physical channel.

[0147] Next, we will briefly look at the operating states in BLE technology, namely Advertising State, Scanning State, Initiating State, and Connection State.

[0148] Advertising State

[0149] The Link Layer (LL) enters the Advertising state at the direction of the host (stack). When the Link Layer is in the Advertising state, it transmits Advertising Packet Data Units (PDUs) in Advertising events.

[0150] Each advertising event consists of at least one advertising PDU, which are transmitted via the advertising channel indices used. An advertising event may terminate when each advertising PDU has been transmitted via the advertising channel indices used, or may terminate earlier if the advertising device needs to free up space for other functions.

[0151] Scanning State

[0152] The link layer enters the scanning state at the direction of the host (stack). In the scanning state, the link layer listens for advertising channel indices.

[0153] There are two types of scanning states: passive scanning and active scanning, and each scanning type is determined by the host.

[0154] No separate time or advertising channel index is defined for performing scanning.

[0155] During the scanning state, the link layer listens for advertising channel indices for the duration of the scanWindow. The scanInterval is defined as the interval between the start points of two consecutive scan windows.

[0156] The link layer must listen for the completion of all scan intervals in the scan window, as directed by the host, provided there are no scheduling conflicts. In each scan window, the link layer must scan a different advertising channel index. The link layer uses all available advertising channel indices.

[0157] In passive scanning, the link layer only receives packets and does not transmit any packets.

[0158] When actively scanning, the link layer listens to the advertising device for advertising PDUs and depending on the advertising PDU type, may request additional information about the advertising device.

[0159] Initiating State

[0160] The link layer enters the initiated state at the direction of the host (stack).

[0161] When the link layer is in the initiating state, the link layer listens for advertising channel indices.

[0162] During the initiation state, the link layer listens for advertising channel indices during the scan window period.

[0163] connection state

[0164] The link layer enters a connected state when the device performing the connection request, i.e., the initiating device, sends a CONNECT_REQ PDU to the advertising device, or when the advertising device receives a CONNECT_REQ PDU from the initiating device.

[0165] Once a connection enters the connected state, it is considered established. However, the connection need not be considered established at the time it enters the connected state. The only difference between a newly created connection and an established connection is the link-layer connection supervision timeout value.

[0166] When two devices are connected, they act in different roles.

[0167] The link layer that performs the master role is called the master, and the link layer that performs the slave role is called the slave. The master controls the timing of connection events, and connection events indicate the point in time when the master and slave are synchronized.

[0168] Below, we will briefly examine the packets defined in the Bluetooth interface. BLE devices use the packets defined below.

[0169] Packet Format

[0170] The Link Layer has only one packet format, which is used for both advertising channel packets and data channel packets.

[0171] Each packet consists of four fields: Preamble, Access Address, PDU, and CRC.

[0172] When a packet is transmitted on an advertising physical channel, the PDU will be an advertising channel PDU, and when a packet is transmitted on a data physical channel, the PDU will be a data channel PDU.

[0173] Advertising Channel PDU

[0174] Advertising channel PDUs (Packet Data Units) have a 16-bit header and payloads of various sizes.

[0175] The PDU type field of the advertising channel PDU included in the header indicates the PDU type as defined in Table 1 below.

[0176] PDU TypePDU NameChannelPermitted PHYsLE 1MLE 2MLE Coded0000bADV_INDPrimary AdvertisingO0001bADV_DIRECT_INDPrimary AdvertisingO0010bADV_NONCONN_INDPrimary AdvertisingO0011bSCAN_REQPrimary AdvertisingOAUX_SCAN_REQSecondary AdvertisingOOO0100bSCAN_RSPPrimary AdvertisingO0101bCONNECT_INDPrimary AdvertisingOAUX_CONNECT_REQSecondary AdvertisingOOO0110bADV_SCAN_INDPrimary AdvertisingO

[0177]

[0178] Advertising PDU

[0179] The advertising channel PDU types below are called advertising PDUs and are used in specific events.

[0180] ADV_IND: Connectable non-directional advertising event

[0181] ADV_DIRECT_IND: Connectable directional advertising event

[0182] ADV_NONCONN_IND: Non-directional ad event that is not reachable

[0183] ADV_SCAN_IND: Scannable non-directional ad event

[0184] The above PDUs are transmitted by the link layer in the advertising state and received by the link layer in the scanning state or initiating state.

[0185] Scanning PDU

[0186] The advertising channel PDU type below is called a scanning PDU and is used in the conditions described below.

[0187] SCAN_REQ: Sent by the link layer in scanning state and received by the link layer in advertising state.

[0188] SCAN_RSP: Sent by the link layer in advertising state and received by the link layer in scanning state.

[0189] Initiating PDU

[0190] The advertising channel PDU type below is called an initiation PDU.

[0191] CONNECT_REQ: Sent by the link layer in the initiating state and received by the link layer in the advertising state.

[0192] Data Channel PDU

[0193] A data channel PDU has a 16-bit header, a payload of variable size, and may include a Message Integrity Check (MIC) field.

[0194] The procedures, states, packet formats, etc. in BLE technology discussed above can be applied to perform the methods proposed in this specification.

[0195]

[0196] Figure 4 shows an example of the structure of the GATT (Generic Attribute Profile) of Bluetooth low energy.

[0197] Referring to Figure 4, a structure for exchanging profile data of Bluetooth low energy can be examined.

[0198] Specifically, GATT (Generic Attribute Profile) defines how to exchange data using services and characteristics between Bluetooth LE devices.

[0199] Typically, a peripheral device (e.g., a sensor device) acts as a GATT server and has definitions for services and characteristics.

[0200] To read or write data, a GATT client sends a data request to a GATT server, and all operations (transactions) are initiated by the GATT client and receive responses from the GATT server.

[0201] The GATT-based operation structure used in Bluetooth LE is based on profiles, services, and characteristics, and can form a vertical structure as shown in Fig. 5.

[0202] The above profile consists of one or more services, and the services may consist of one or more characteristics or other services.

[0203] The above service serves to logically divide data into units and may include one or more characteristics or other services. Each service has a 16-bit or 128-bit identifier called a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID).

[0204] The above characteristic is the lowest unit in the GATT-based operation structure. The characteristic contains only one piece of data and, similar to the above service, has a 16-bit or 128-bit UUID.

[0205] The above characteristics are defined by the values ​​of various pieces of information, and each piece of information requires one attribute. Multiple consecutive attributes can be used for the above characteristics.

[0206] The above attribute consists of four components and has the following meanings:

[0207] - handle: address of the property

[0208] - Type: Type of property

[0209] - Value: The value of the property

[0210] - Permission: Access rights to properties

[0211]

[0212] FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a connection procedure method in Bluetooth low energy technology to which the present invention can be applied.

[0213] The server transmits advertising messages to the client through three advertising channels (S5010).

[0214] A server may be called an Advertiser before connection, and a Master after connection. An example of such a server may be a sensor (e.g., a temperature sensor).

[0215] Additionally, a client may be referred to as a "Scanner" before connection and as a "Slave" after connection. An example of a client may be a smartphone.

[0216] As previously discussed, Bluetooth communicates across 40 channels over the 2.4 GHz band. Of these 40 channels, three are advertising channels, used to exchange various advertising packets and other packets used to establish a connection.

[0217] The remaining 37 channels are used for data exchange after connection as data channels.

[0218] After receiving the advertisement message, the client may send a Scan Request message to the server to obtain additional data (e.g., server device name, etc.) from the server.

[0219] In this case, the server transmits a Scan Response message containing additional data in response to a Scan Request message to the client.

[0220] Here, the Scan Request message and the Scan Response message are an end of an advertising packet, and the advertising packet can only contain user data of 31 bytes or less.

[0221] Therefore, if there is data whose size is larger than 3 bytes but the overhead is too high to send the data by establishing a connection, the data is sent in two parts using a scan request message / scan response message.

[0222] Next, the client sends a connection request message to the server to establish a Bluetooth connection with the server (S5020).

[0223] Through this, a Link Layer (LL) connection is established between the server and the client.

[0224] Afterwards, the server and client perform security establishment procedures.

[0225] The secure establishment procedure may be interpreted as or performed incorporating Secure Simple Pairing.

[0226] That is, the security establishment procedure can be carried out through Phase 1 to Phase 3.

[0227] Specifically, a pairing procedure (phase 1) is performed between the server and the client (S5030).

[0228] The pairing procedure involves the client sending a pairing request message to the server, and the server sending a pairing response message to the client.

[0229] The pairing process involves exchanging authentication requirements, input / output capabilities, and key size information between devices. This information is used to determine which key generation method to use in Phase 2.

[0230] Next, as phase 2, legacy pairing or secure connections are performed between the server and the client (S5040).

[0231] In Phase 2, a 128-bit temporary key and a short term key (STK) are generated to perform legacy pairing.

[0232] - Temporary Key: Key created to generate STK

[0233] - Short Term Key (STK): Key value used to create an encrypted connection between devices.

[0234] If a secure connection is performed in Phase 2, a 128-bit Long Term Key (LTK) is generated.

[0235] - Long Term Key (LTK): A key value used not only for encrypted connections between devices but also for future connections.

[0236] Next, as phase 3, a key distribution procedure is performed between the server and the client (S5050).

[0237] This establishes a secure connection between the server and client, forming an encrypted link to enable data transmission and reception.

[0238] Isochronous Channel General

[0239] For audio signals, you can see that audio streaming data or audio data occurs periodically at Idle Event Interval intervals.

[0240] Audio data occurs periodically (or at specific time intervals) depending on its characteristics. Here, a specific time period during which audio data occurs periodically can be expressed as an Idle Event Interval. Each audio data is transmitted during each Idle Event Interval. Furthermore, each audio data can be transmitted throughout the entire Idle Event Interval or a portion of the Idle Event Interval. When transmitting audio streaming data that occurs periodically or regularly using the BLE mechanism, advertising and scanning procedures, communication procedures, and disconnection procedures must be performed each time the generated audio data is transmitted or received. However, audio data is generally generated periodically, and regardless of the amount of data, a latency guarantee for audio data transmission is essential.

[0241] However, there is a problem that latency occurs in audio data transmission when advertising and scanning procedures, communication procedures, and disconnection procedures must be performed every time new audio data is transmitted.

[0242] Audio data transmission through hearing aids (HA) or headsets can achieve higher energy efficiency by utilizing BLE technology rather than Bluetooth BR / EDR technology because the amount of data generated is relatively small. However, as previously discussed, the Data Channel Process of BLE technology requires advertising and connection for each data transmission, which results in a large overhead in data transmission. In particular, the Latency Guarantee, which is absolutely necessary for audio data transmission, cannot be guaranteed.

[0243] In addition, since the Data Channel Process of BLE technology aims to increase energy efficiency by transmitting data that occurs sporadically only when necessary and inducing deep sleep of the BLE device in other time domains, it may be difficult to apply the Data Channel Process of BLE technology to the transmission of audio data that occurs periodically.

[0244] Definition of Isochronous Channels and Related Mechanisms

[0245] A new channel, the Isochronous Channel, is defined to transmit periodically occurring data using BLE technology.

[0246] An isochronous channel is a channel used to transmit isochronous data between devices that use isochronous streams (e.g., Conductor-Member).

[0247] Isochronous data refers to data that is transmitted periodically or regularly at specific time intervals.

[0248] That is, an isochronous channel can refer to a channel through which periodically occurring data, such as audio data or voice data, is transmitted and received in BLE technology. In addition, the isochronous channel can refer to a channel through which data generated based on a user input of a game user's controller device is transmitted and received in a gaming scenario. The isochronous channel can be used to transmit and receive data with a single member, a set of one or more coordinated members, or multiple members. In addition, the isochronous channel corresponds to a flushing channel that can be used to transmit and receive important data in an isochronous stream, such as audio streaming, or in other time domains.

[0249]

[0250] Composition of various embodiments of the present disclosure

[0251] Problems with prior art

[0252] 1. For games utilizing XR (extended reality) devices, ultra-low latency (ULL) BLE (Bluetooth low energy) control technology for multiple gamepads and motion controllers is required.

[0253] 2. Existing Bluetooth LE only allows 1:1 connection, so simultaneous connection control technology for multiple devices is required.

[0254] 3. The existing Bluetooth ISO channel was developed for audio transmission, and the existing invention also only supports the method of transmitting audio data through the ISO channel, so a method for efficient transmission of multiple control and audio devices is needed.

[0255] 4. In the case of electric vehicle batteries, synchronized control of multiple cells is required, but wireless communication is needed to solve the shortcomings of wired communication (line space and weight).

[0256]

[0257] Summary of various embodiments of the present disclosure

[0258] 1. Various embodiments of the present disclosure utilize Bluetooth Isochronous CH to provide ultra-low latency BLE control technology for multiple gamepads and motion controllers in XR and games.

[0259] 2. Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a low-latency, precise synchronization technology between multiple batteries using PAwR (Bluetooth Periodic Advertising with Response).

[0260] 3. Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a low-latency, precise synchronization technology between multiple batteries using Bluetooth Isochronous CH (integrated scheduling of Broadcast and Unicast).

[0261] 4. Various embodiments of the present disclosure ensure compatibility by utilizing Bluetooth standard technology, unlike conventional low-latency products.

[0262]

[0263] Effects of various embodiments of the present disclosure

[0264] 1. You can enjoy ultra-low latency games using multiple gamepads and XR-compatible motion controllers through convenient Bluetooth wireless low-latency connection control technology that overcomes the shortcomings of existing wired USB connections or wired audio connections.

[0265] 2. By providing game users with wireless low-latency audio and low-latency HID connection technology, it can deliver response speeds equivalent to wired ones.

[0266] 3. You can use low-latency audio standard technology and low-latency HID standard technology using USB or HDMI ports on existing laptops or TVs.

[0267] 4. It can build an optimal vehicle battery management system by overcoming the limitations of wired communication, which is a shortcoming of existing vehicle communication, and providing low-latency, precise synchronization via BLE wireless.

[0268] 5. Low-latency battery control technology can be used by changing the communication module in the existing vehicle battery management system to a standard-based BLE communication module.

[0269]

[0270] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a BLE connection for ultra-low latency control of multiple game pads and motion controllers.

[0271] The proposed technology is related to XR-compatible ultra-low latency BLE connection technology.

[0272] The prior art relies on universal BLE connectivity. A smart television (e.g., webOS TV) is provided as a cloud gaming device for providing cloud gaming. The smart television includes speakers, but can also be connected to wired or wireless headsets. One wireless headset connects via Bluetooth and can have a BR / EDR (Basic Rate / Enhanced Data Rate) of over 80ms. Two gamepads can be connected to the smart television. The two gamepads are for game control and can have a latency of 15ms. Haptic feedback between the smart television and the gamepads can have a latency of 10-20ms.

[0273] The problems with prior art are as follows. Existing BLE connections have a latency of around 7.5ms. BR / EDR audio connections have a latency exceeding 80ms. Therefore, BR / EDR audio connections are limited to one-to-one connections. For televisions and XR devices for cloud gaming, it is necessary to improve existing BLE and BR / EDR and to integrate and connect game controllers and audio devices to reduce latency. Simultaneous connections to multiple devices are also needed. Furthermore, the transmission packet size needs to be expanded. It is necessary to provide connections to multiple users, connect multiple sensors (sensors that can be attached to the arms, knees, legs, waist, etc.), and improve the perceived latency and tactile feedback latency when grabbing or pressing virtual objects with a controller.

[0274]

[0275] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, ultra-low latency BLE connections for multiple controllers are provided. A smart television (e.g., webOS TV), a smart monitor, or a car is provided as a cloud gaming device for providing cloud gaming. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, even if a smart television or the like is connected to multiple controllers, for example, four controllers, the controllers can have a delay of less than 4 ms. The smart television or the like can have a delay of less than 7.5 ms for tactile feedback. The smart television or the like can be connected to an XR motion controller and multiple sensors. Even if connected to eight XR motion controllers or multiple sensors, the delay can be less than 8 ms. The smart television or the like can be connected to a plurality (N) of BLE audio devices. The plurality (N) of audio devices can have a delay of less than 48 ms.

[0276] The proposed technology achieves 8Mbps HDT (high data throughput), enabling Bluetooth to transmit larger data blocks faster. Hyper Length allows for longer packet sizes during Bluetooth transmission, enabling more data to be transmitted at once. Frame Spacing reduction reduces the time interval between frames, increasing transmission speed. Group Poll allows data to be transmitted to multiple devices, and then each device sends an ACK signal to confirm that the data has been properly received. This improves data transmission reliability and minimizes packet loss. Audio packet fragmentation allows a single audio stream to be divided into smaller packets for transmission, increasing reliability and efficiency while saving energy in low-power environments. The proposed technology can provide ultra-low-latency connections (1-5ms latency) to multiple controllers (up to eight). Latency can be optimized by providing integrated connection scheduling for Control and LE Audio.

[0277]

[0278] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a process for optimizing scheduling delay in an integrated connection between controller control and LE Audio (low energy audio).

[0279] The proposed technology provides an ultra-low latency connection control technology that reduces latency by half compared to the 1ms latency of existing technologies. The proposed technology can optimize latency by providing integrated connection scheduling for Control and LE Audio. This can 1) improve Control quality. It provides latency of less than 625 μs, and 8 controller devices can be connected simultaneously, allowing 200-byte packets to be transmitted to the controller at once. In addition, (2) LE Audio latency can be improved to the 20ms level. The proposed technology enables Bluetooth to transmit larger data blocks faster through high data throughput with 8Mbps HDT (high data throughput). The proposed technology can transmit more data at once by making the packet size longer during Bluetooth transmission through Hyper Length. The proposed technology can increase transmission speed by shortening the time interval between frames through Frame Spacing reduction.

[0280] The proposed technology allows users to enjoy games using a ULL-enabled keyboard or mouse controller while simultaneously listening to music using an LE Audio device. The controller can achieve latency of less than 2.5ms. However, existing BT (Bluetooth) technology controls the control and audio devices separately, which can result in latency exceeding 200ms when performing simultaneous connections, severely degrading performance.

[0281]

[0282] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when eight ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and two LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0283] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one user can enjoy a game with a ULL-enabled XR and simultaneously listen to spatial sound with LE Audio, while achieving a latency of less than 5 ms on the Control device.

[0284] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, audio and XR are transmitted separately using CIG (Connected Isochronous Group). According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial sound is supported through an IMU sensor (Inertial Measurement Unit sensor) in an earbud (audio device). Audio and IMU sensor data can be transmitted simultaneously using a multi-block. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a time space for audio device transmission can be secured in CIG1. Audio data is transmitted at 10ms intervals and can have one retransmission opportunity within the ISO Interval. The retransmission opportunity can be increased by adjusting the Flush Timeout (Up to Max_Transport_Latency). According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, reception of an XR controller and an IMU sensor can be assigned to CIG2. The XR Controller can receive input and output in both directions at a 5ms Sub_interval cycle. A motion sensor can also receive input at a 5ms interval.

[0285]

[0286] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously with an ultra low latency (ULL)-supporting XR device.

[0287] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an anchor point between CIGs can be offset by 11.25 ms to prevent scheduling overlap. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) associated with a CIS can have different configurations for each CIG. Left / right synchronization can be achieved by setting the CIS Offset for the left / right within a single ISO Interval. To avoid ACL conflicts, a Time Offset equal to the Connection Interval can be set between ACLs.

[0288] Referring to Fig. 9, the signals of CIG1 corresponding to audio and CIG2 corresponding to HID are distributed so that they do not overlap on the time axis. Accordingly, smart televisions and the like can simultaneously maintain connections and exchange information with devices corresponding to CIG1 (left earbud, right earbud) and devices corresponding to CIG2 (XR controller, IMU sensor).

[0289] The CIG1 parameters related to signals exchanged with devices corresponding to CIG1 are as shown in Table 2.

[0290] CIG1 ParameterSDU_Interval_C_To_P = 10ms, SDU_Interval_P_To_C = 10ms, Max_Transport_Latency_C_To_P = Depend on reliabilityCIS#1 for Earbud (bidirectional) ConfigurationCIS#1 offset = 5.625ms (5ms + 1slot)CIS#2 offset = 1.25ms (0ms + 2slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=1, FT=1~4Duration: 490usTraining sequence: 37us (confirmed)Control + Header: 44us (undetermined)C to P PDU: 100us (100byte@8Mbps) (48kHz / 16bit Audio)P to C PDU: 80us (80byte@8Mbps) + 48us (48byte@8Mbps) (32kHz / 16bit Audio) + IMU SensorT_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50 us): 100 us (To be determined)

[0291] The CIG1 parameters related to signals exchanged with devices corresponding to CIG2 are as shown in Table 3.

[0292] CIG2 ParameterSDU_Interval_C_To_P = 10ms, SDU_Interval_P_To_C = 5ms, Max_Transport_Latency_C_To_P = 10msCIS#1 & #2 for XR Controller (bi-directional)ConfigurationCIS#1 offset = 6.875ms (5ms + 1.25ms + 1slot)CIS#2 offset = 2.5ms (0ms) + 1.25ms + 2slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=2, FT=1Duration: 510usTraining sequence: 37us (confirmed)Control + Header: 44us (undetermined)C to P PDU: 200us (200byte@8Mbps)P to C PDU: 48us (48byte@8Mbps)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50 us) : 100 us (Undecided)CIS#3~#8 for Sensor(Unidirectional)ConfigurationCIS#3,#5,#7 offset = 0.625ms (0ms + 1.25ms + 1slot) (Needs modification)CIS#4,#6,#8 offset = 5.310ms (5ms + 1.25 + 310us) (Needs modification)ISO Interval = 10ms, Sub Interval = 5msNSE=2, BN=2, FT=1Duration : 310usTraining sequence : 37us (Confirmed)Control + Header : 44us(Undecided)P to C PDU : 48us (48byte@8Mbps)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50us) : 100 us (Undecided)

[0293]

[0294] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0295] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when two users enjoy a game with a ULL gamepad and listen to music with LE Audio simultaneously, the Control device can achieve a latency of less than 5 ms.

[0296] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, users are distinguished by CIG and transmitted. This technology has the advantage of easily adjusting latency based on the number of users. However, this technology has the disadvantage of assuming simultaneous audio and HID connections, and the configured values ​​can complicate configuration if audio and HID are not connected simultaneously.

[0297] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, audio data is transmitted at 10 ms intervals and has one retransmission opportunity within the ISO Interval. Depending on the wireless channel environment, the retransmission opportunity can be increased in units of ISO Interval. Retransmission opportunities can be provided within the maximum Max_Transport_Latency.

[0298] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, each gamepad can get a transmission opportunity at a 5ms interval.

[0299]

[0300] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0301] Before the HDT standard is finalized, several assumptions are required.

[0302] Assumption #1: Control Header is the same as before

[0303] Assumption #2: The minimum packet spacing is 50us.

[0304] HID (Human Interface Device, e.g. keyboard, mouse, game controller, etc.) is set to the maximum transmittable value. When using HDT (8Mbps), since the duration does not exceed 1 slot (0.625ms), scheduling by slot may be appropriate. Anchor points between CIGs can be offset by 12.5ms to prevent schedule overlap. ACLs associated with CIS can maintain the same configuration for each CIG. Even if CIS_offset is set to the same, schedule overlap may not occur if the Connection Interval for each CIG is offset by the ISO Interval.

[0305] Referring to Fig. 11, the signals of CIG1 corresponding to the first user and CIG2 corresponding to the second user are distributed so that they do not overlap on the time axis. Accordingly, a smart television or the like can simultaneously maintain a connection and exchange information with devices corresponding to CIG1 (first left earbud, first right earbud, first gamepad) and devices corresponding to CIG2 (second left earbud, second right earbud, second gamepad).

[0306] CIG1 parameters related to signals exchanged with devices corresponding to CIG1 are as shown in Table 4.

[0307] CIG1 ParameterSDU_Interval_C_To_P = 10ms, SDU_Interval_P_To_C = 5ms, Max_Transport_Latency_C_To_P = Depend on reliabilityCIS#1 for Earbud (bi-directional) ConfigurationCIS#1 offset = 8.125ms (7.5ms + 1slot)CIS#2 offset = 6.25ms (5ms + 2slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=1, FT=1~4Duration: 442usTraining sequence: 37us (confirmed)Control + Header: 44us (undetermined)C to P PDU: 100us (100byte@8Mbps) (48kHz / 16bit Audio)P to C PDU: 80us (80byte@8Mbps) (32kHz / 16bit Audio)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50us) : 100us (TBD)CIS#3 for Gamepad(Bidirectional)ConfigurationCIS offset = 4.375ms(2.5ms + 3slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=2, FT=1Duration : 510usTraining sequence : 37us (TBD)Control + Header : 44us(TBD)C to P PDU : 200us (200byte@8Mbps) (HID maximum)P to C PDU : 48us (48byte@8Mbps) (HID maximum)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50us) : 100us (TBD)

[0308] CIG2 parameters related to signals exchanged with devices corresponding to CIG2 are as shown in Table 5.

[0309] CIG2 ParameterSDU_Interval_C_To_P = 10ms, SDU_Interval_P_To_C = 5ms, Max_Transport_Latency_C_To_P = Depend on reliabilityCIS#1 for Earbud (bi-directional) ConfigurationCIS#1 offset = 8.125ms (7.5ms + 1slot)CIS#2 offset = 6.25ms (5ms + 2slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=1, FT=1~4Duration: 442usTraining sequence: 37us (confirmed)Control + Header: 44us (undetermined)C to P PDU: 100us (100byte@8Mbps) (48kHz / 16bit Audio)P to C PDU: 80us (80byte@8Mbps) (32kHz / 16bit Audio)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50us) : 100us (TBD)CIS#3 for Gamepad(Bidirectional)ConfigurationCIS offset = 4.375ms(2.5ms + 3slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=2, FT=1Duration : 510usTraining sequence : 37us (TBD)Control + Header : 44us(TBD)C to P PDU : 200us (200byte@8Mbps) (HID maximum)P to C PDU : 48us (48byte@8Mbps) (HID maximum)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50us) : 100us (TBD)

[0310] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0311] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when two users enjoy a game with a ULL-enabled gamepad and listen to music with LE Audio simultaneously, the Control device can achieve a latency of less than 5 ms.

[0312] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, audio and HID are transmitted separately via CIG. The advantage of this technology is that audio and control can be connected separately. The disadvantage of this technology is that it is difficult to variably adjust latency when the number of connected devices changes.

[0313] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the time space of the maximum connectable device is secured for each CIG, and devices are allocated from the front when connected.

[0314] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when up to four audio devices are connected, audio data is transmitted at 10 ms intervals and has one retransmission opportunity within the ISO Interval. The retransmission opportunity can be increased by adjusting the Flush Timeout (Up to Max_Transport_Latency).

[0315] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when up to two HID devices are connected, the HID Latency can be set to a fixed value of 5 ms.

[0316]

[0317] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a process for reducing latency of an XR device when two ULL (ultra low latency)-supporting extended reality (XR) devices and four LE Audio devices are connected simultaneously.

[0318] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the HID is set to a maximum transmittable value.

[0319] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when using HDT (8 Mbps), scheduling may be appropriate in units of slots since the duration does not exceed 1 slot (0.625 ms).

[0320] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the anchor point between CIGs can be set to a 12.5 ms time offset to prevent schedules from overlapping.

[0321] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, ACLs associated with a CIS may have different configurations for each CIG. CIG1 (Audio) may set ACLs for Left and Right, respectively, by differentiating users by a difference equal to the midpoint of the ISO Interval. CIG2 (HID) may set ACLs by differentiating users by a difference equal to the midpoint of the ISO Interval. ACL conflicts between CIGs can be avoided by offsetting the Connection Interval by the ISO Interval.

[0322]

[0323] Referring to Fig. 13, the signals of CIG1 corresponding to audio and CIG2 corresponding to HID are distributed so that they do not overlap on the time axis. Accordingly, a smart television or the like can simultaneously maintain a connection and exchange information with devices corresponding to CIG1 (first left earbud, first right earbud, second left earbud, second right earbud) and devices corresponding to CIG2 (first gamepad, second gamepad).

[0324] The CIG1 parameters related to signals exchanged with devices corresponding to CIG1 are as shown in Table 6.

[0325] CIG1 ParameterSDU_Interval_C_To_P = 10ms, SDU_Interval_P_To_C = 10ms, Max_Transport_Latency_C_To_P = Depend on reliabilityCIS#1 for Earbud (bi-directional) ConfigurationCIS#1 offset = 6.25ms (5ms + 2slot)CIS#2 offset = 6.25ms (5ms + 2slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=1, FT=1~4Duration: 442usTraining sequence: 37us (confirmed)Control + Header: 44us (undetermined)C to P PDU: 100us (100byte@8Mbps) (48kHz / 16bit Audio)P to C PDU: 80us (80byte@8Mbps) (32kHz / 16bit Audio)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50 us) : 100 us (Undetermined)CIS#3 for Earbud (bi-directional) ConfigurationCIS#1 offset = 6.25ms (5ms + 2slot)CIS#2 offset = 6.25ms (5ms + 2slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=1, FT=1~4Duration : 442usTraining sequence : 37us (confirmed)Control + Header : 44us(undetermined)C to P PDU : 100us (100byte@8Mbps) (48kHz / 16bit Audio)P to C PDU : 80us (80byte@8Mbps) (32kHz / 16bit Audio)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50 us): 100 us (undetermined)

[0326] The CIG1 parameters related to signals exchanged with devices corresponding to CIG2 are as shown in Table 7.

[0327] CIG2 ParameterSDU_Interval_C_To_P = 10ms, SDU_Interval_P_To_C = 5ms, Max_Transport_Latency_C_To_P = 10msCIS#1 for Gamepad (bi-directional)ConfigurationCIS offset = 8.125ms(7.5ms + 1slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=2, FT=1Duration: 510usTraining sequence: 37us (confirmed)Control + Header: 44us(undetermined)C to P PDU: 200us (200byte@8Mbps)P to C PDU: 48us (48byte@8Mbps)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50 us): 100 us (Undetermined)CIS#2 for Gamepad (two-way)ConfigurationCIS offset = 3.75ms (2.5ms + 2slot)ISO Interval =10ms, Sub Interval = 5ms, NSE=2, BN=2, FT=1Duration: 510usTraining sequence: 37us (confirmed)Control + Header: 44us (undetermined)C to P PDU: 200us (200byte@8Mbps)P to C PDU: 48us (48byte@8Mbps)T_IFS (50us) + T_MSS(50 us): 100 us (To be determined)

[0328] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a wired communication-based technology for controlling a vehicle battery utilizing multiple battery cells.

[0329] The Battery Management System (BMS) control module requires precise, synchronized charge / discharge control technology for multiple battery packs. To achieve this, the BMS control module must exchange critical battery cell information, such as battery pack current, voltage, and temperature, with each battery pack. Key BMS modules can perform functions such as battery modeling, state estimation, cell balancing, and thermal management.

[0330] Conventional communication between BMS control modules and battery packs was performed through wired communication based on the CAN bus (controller area network bus).

[0331]

[0332] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a wired communication-based technology for controlling a vehicle battery utilizing multiple battery cells.

[0333] Conventional BMS control modules are based on a Battery Management System (BMS), which utilizes status information obtained from various battery sensors via wired communication (CAN bus). The information obtained by the BMS control module from each battery pack includes: Battery Sensors - Current, Voltage, Temperature, Battery Model, Cell Balancing, and State Estimation.

[0334] Sensor data isn't always accurate due to noise. Battery models predict parameters based on predefined algorithms. Comparison and correction are performed between measured and predicted data.

[0335]

[0336] Figure 16 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management utilizing periodic BLE communication.

[0337] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a technique for precise synchronization and control of multiple battery cells is provided utilizing periodic BLE Broadcasts and Reponses.

[0338] According to social / market / technology trends, electric vehicle batteries require synchronized control of multiple cells, but wireless communication is needed to address the shortcomings of wired communication (line space and weight).

[0339] Market needs demand precise synchronization and control utilizing BLE Mesh or the new Beyond BT5.4 standard. Development of precision synchronization technology between multiple batteries using BLE Mesh is possible. BLE Mesh suffers from low synchronization precision for batteries. Furthermore, BLE technology capable of synchronizing hundreds of devices within milliseconds is needed.

[0340] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a precision synchronization technique between multiple batteries using Bluetooth Periodic Advertising is provided. A control device can receive status responses from sinks (battery cells) within a periodic broadcast interval. When necessary, a broadcaster can send a LE ACL connection request (AUX_CONNECT_REQ) to a specific device.

[0341]

[0342] Figure 17 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management utilizing periodic BLE communication.

[0343] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, 1) PAwR (Periodic Advertising with Response) utilization technology and 2) Isochronous Channel application BLE communication technology are proposed as precise synchronization technologies between multiple batteries. According to PAwR (Periodic Advertising with Response) application BLE communication technology, a control device responds to the status of sinks (battery cells) within a periodic broadcast period. In addition, a broadcaster can request an LE ACL connection (AUX_ CONNECT_REQ) to a specific device when necessary. In addition, the broadcast and response period intervals can be adjusted according to the number of devices and settings. For example, the broadcast interval can be set to be narrow and the response interval can be set to be wide.

[0344] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a technique for precise synchronization and control of multiple battery cells is provided utilizing periodic BLE Broadcasts and Reponses.

[0345] Battery management communication settings parameters are based on rapid calculation and analysis of battery data, ensuring safer and more reliable battery operation. This allows for the detection and notification of various battery pack errors, including overcurrent, overvoltage / undervoltage errors, critical temperatures, insufficient battery charge, and deteriorating battery health.

[0346] Table 8 shows examples of various parameters available for battery management BLE communication settings.

[0347] Field Length Description RspAA4 Access address to be used by the Battery Cell (Observer) when it transmits a response packet back to the Battery Manager (Broadcaster) numSubevents1 The number of subevents per Battery Report event (PAwR event) subeventInterval1 The time from the start of one subevent to the start of the next subevent. The time from the start of one subevent to the beginning of the next subevent is expressed as a multiple of 1.25 ms and supports a range of 7.5 ms to 318.75 ms. responseSlotDelay1 The time from the start of a subevent to the first response slot. It is expressed as a multiple of 1.25 ms and supports a range of 1.25 ms to 317.5 ms. responseSlotSpacing1 The time from the start of one response slot to the start of the next response slot. It is expressed as a multiple of 0.125 ms and supports a range of 0.25 ms to 31.875 ms.(Time from the start of one response slot to the beginning of the next response slot. Expressed as a multiple of 0.125 ms and supporting a range of 0.25 ms to 31.875 ms.)Slot Inquiry1Report data for available slots of a battery cellSlot booking1Slot reservation information for available slots of a battery cellState data1Status data for slots of a battery cellbattery's state of charge (SOC)1This section shows the control operation functions of the BMS model, such as recharging the battery pack and voltage surge protection, overcurrent, undercurrent and fault diagnostics. Once charging is done, charger contractors get opened instantly. (This part deals with recharging the battery pack and shows the control operation capability of the BMS model, such as voltage surge protection, overcurrent, undercurrent, and fault diagnostics. Once charging is done, charger contractors get opened instantly.)state of health (SOH)1battery properties, such as open-circuit voltage, current, and temperaturecell balancing logic1This part shows the cell balancing process at the idle state of the vehicle when the battery is not in use. This simulates the scenario where a vehicle is on standby or stationary (e.g., trafc signal)thermal management1Information for thermally controlling the battery cells' temperature range and thereby improving their efficiency and functionality.

[0348]

[0349] Figure 18 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management utilizing periodic BLE communication.

[0350] Hundreds of battery cells can be remotely managed using BLE Periodic Advertising with Response.

[0351] After the BM (battery management) performs a broadcast transmission, hundreds of battery cells can respond to the BM with their battery status in the response slot.

[0352] Figure 18 illustrates an example of a BM request containing commands for multiple battery cells within a group.

[0353]

[0354] Figure 19 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management using a BLE ISO channel (Bluetooth isochronous channel).

[0355] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, precise synchronization and control for electric vehicle battery management are enabled by utilizing BLE Isochronous Channels. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, multiple battery cells can be managed simultaneously through ultra-low-latency BLE connections.

[0356] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, ultra-low latency control required for electric vehicle battery management is provided. It enables latency times of up to 625 μs and data transmission of 200 bytes, and can control up to eight battery cells simultaneously. The underlying technologies supporting this include high-speed data transmission (HDT) at 8 Mbps, Hyper Length, and frame spacing reduction technology.

[0357] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a delay time of 0.1 ms to 5 ms can be implemented. For example, when the CIS (Sub-event) interval of each ISO Channel is 625 μs, eight battery cells can be grouped and connected into a single CIG (Connected Isochronous Group). In this case, the overall ISO Interval of the CIG event is set to 5 ms, and each battery cell sequentially exchanges status / request information with the battery management module at intervals of 625 μs.

[0358] Existing Bluetooth technology operates on a 1:1 connection basis, with individual control. Simultaneous connection of multiple devices results in significant performance degradation. According to existing Bluetooth technology, the LE Connection Interval for each battery cell is set to 7.5ms or more, and because each cell is controlled sequentially, delays accumulate. For example, the first battery cell is controlled at 7.5ms intervals, and the next cell is controlled at the same interval. Therefore, controlling multiple battery cells simultaneously significantly increases delays.

[0359] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for simultaneously controlling multiple battery cells with low latency is provided, overcoming the limitations of existing technologies. This enables efficient control without performance degradation in electric vehicle battery management, real-time status monitoring, and rapid response. This technology can significantly improve the efficiency and stability of battery management in electric vehicles.

[0360]

[0361] Figure 20 illustrates an example of precision synchronization and control technology for electric vehicle battery management using a BLE ISO channel (Bluetooth isochronous channel).

[0362] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, BLE Isochronous Channels are utilized to enable precise synchronization and control in electric vehicle battery management. In particular, a differential management method based on battery cell priority is introduced to optimize data exchange with the battery management module.

[0363] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, battery cell priority assignment and differential management are performed. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a battery management module assigns transmittable slots to each battery cell and determines transmission priorities based on the cell's status. Priorities can be changed based on cell requests or management module settings, and factors such as temperature, voltage, and current are reflected in the priority determination. For example, battery temperature may be given the highest priority, followed by voltage and current. These priority factors may vary depending on the embodiment.

[0364] In existing technology, all cells exchange status / request information with the battery management module at equal intervals, regardless of their priority. This approach does not provide differentiated management based on cell status, which can lead to inappropriate management of particularly critical cells.

[0365] Table 9 illustrates an example of a transmission order for battery cells using the conventional method. Referring to Table 9, battery status information is initially exchanged based on a randomly determined battery cell number, regardless of the priority assigned to each battery cell based on its status. The exchange of battery status information is then repeated sequentially with each battery cell at equal time intervals.

[0366] Battery Cell No. Status (Priority)#1Temp=Low / Voltage=Good / Current=GoodLow#2Temp=Low / Voltage=Bad / Current=BadMid#3Temp=High / Voltage=Bad / Current=BadHigh#4Temp=High / Voltage=Normal / Current=NormalMid#5Temp=Mid / Voltage=Normal / Current=NormalMid#6Temp=Low / Voltage=Good / Current=GoodLow#7Temp=High / Voltage=Bad / Current=BadHigh#8Temp=High / Voltage=Normal / Current=NormalMid

[0367]

[0368] Table 10 illustrates examples of a changed transmission order for battery cells according to priorities, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to Table 10, the exchange order of status information for each battery cell is changed according to the priority according to the status of each battery cell, and the exchange interval of battery status information for each battery cell is also changed according to the priority. That is, after the exchange of status information for each battery cell is performed in the changed order according to the priority, after the exchange interval for each battery cell according to the priority has elapsed, the exchange of battery status information between each battery cell is repeatedly performed.

[0369] Battery Cell No. Status Priority Report Interval #3 Temp=High / Voltage=Bad / Current=BadHigh2.5ms #7 Temp=High / Voltage=Bad / Current=BadHigh2.5ms #2 Temp=Low / Voltage=Bad / Current=BadMid4.37ms #4 Temp=High / Voltage=Normal / Current=NormalMid4.37ms #5 Temp=Mid / Voltage=Normal / Current=NormalMid4.37ms #8 Temp=High / Voltage=Normal / Current=NormalMid4.37ms #1 Temp=Low / Voltage=Good / Current=GoodLow6.25ms #6 Temp=Low / Voltage=Good / Current=GoodLow6.25ms

[0370]

[0371] Referring to FIG. 20, in the first CIG event, battery status information is exchanged (battery status information is reported) between each battery cell and the battery management device according to the initially arbitrarily determined battery cell number. After the first CIG event ends, the battery management device determines the priority of each battery cell and the exchange interval of battery status information (reporting interval) based on the battery status information. In the second CIG event, status information is exchanged for each battery cell in a changed order according to the priority, and then, after the exchange interval for each battery cell according to the priority has elapsed, the exchange of battery status information between each battery cell and the battery management device is repeatedly performed.

[0372] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, priority-based transmission order changes are possible. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, transmission priorities are readjusted based on the status of battery cells. For example, cells (#3, #7) with high temperatures (Temperature, Temp) and poor voltage and current conditions may be given high priority and battery status request messages may be transmitted first, while the remaining cells may be transmitted with medium or low priorities. This may enable more frequent monitoring and management of battery cells requiring management.

[0373] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, battery cell sequential reporting can be performed. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery management module operates in a manner in which each battery cell sequentially exchanges status / request information with the battery management module at intervals of 625 μs through a CIG Event. After the first CIG Event, the battery management module changes the priorities of the cells and exchanges information according to the adjusted priorities in the second CIS Event. For example, the battery management module exchanges information with high-priority battery cells (#3, #7) at intervals of 2.5 ms. The battery management module exchanges information with medium-priority battery cells (#2, #4, #5, #8) at intervals of 4.37 ms. The battery management module exchanges information with low-priority battery cells (#1, #6) at intervals of 6.25 ms.

[0374] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the efficiency and safety of electric vehicle battery management can be significantly improved by adjusting priorities in real time based on the status of battery cells and optimizing data exchange intervals accordingly. This enables rapid response to critical cells and enhances the stability of the entire system.

[0375]

[0376] [Battery Management Device Claim Description]

[0377] The embodiments described below are specifically described with reference to FIG. 21 in terms of the operation of a battery management device (battery management module). The methods described below are distinguished for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that some components of one method may be substituted for or combined with some components of another method, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

[0378] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of an operation process of an electric vehicle battery management device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0379] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is provided that is performed by an electronic device (i.e., a battery management device or a battery management module).

[0380] The first device includes a first processor corresponding to a host stack; a second processor corresponding to a first controller stack; a memory; and a transceiver. The host stack and the controller stack are connected via a Host Controller Interface (HCI).

[0381] At step S2101, the electronic device transmits a first battery management command (BM command, BM command) to each of a plurality of battery cells included in one or more battery cell groups.

[0382] At step S2102, the electronic device receives a first battery management response (BM response, BM response) from each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0383] At step S2103, the electronic device determines priorities for the plurality of battery cells and transmission cycles based on the priorities based on the first battery management response.

[0384] At step S2104, the electronic device transmits a second battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells based on the priority and the transmission cycle.

[0385] At step S2105, the electronic device receives a second battery management response from each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0386]

[0387] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the first battery management response may include information related to one or more of the temperature, voltage, current, and charge amount of each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0388] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a priority for the plurality of battery cells may be determined based on one or more of a comparison of the temperature and at least one threshold temperature, a comparison of the voltage and at least one threshold temperature, a comparison of the current and at least one threshold current, and a comparison of the charge amount and at least one threshold charge amount.

[0389] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a score for each of the plurality of battery cells may be determined based on a comparison of the temperature with at least one threshold temperature, a comparison of the voltage with at least one threshold temperature, a comparison of the current with at least one threshold current, and a comparison of the charge amount with at least one threshold charge amount.

[0390] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, priorities for the plurality of battery cells can be determined based on the scores for each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0391] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the order in which the second battery management command is transmitted to each of the plurality of battery cells can be determined based on the priority.

[0392] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the first battery management response may be sequentially transmitted to each of the plurality of battery cells at each sub-interval.

[0393] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the sub-interval may be an interval obtained by dividing an ISO interval (Isochronous interval) of the electronic device by the number of the plurality of battery cells.

[0394] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the embodiment of FIG. 22 may further include a step of transmitting a third battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0395] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, for each of the plurality of battery cells, the event interval between the time of transmitting the second battery management command and the time of transmitting the third battery management command may be based on the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0396] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the first priority group, the event interval may be an interval obtained by multiplying the sub-interval by a first coefficient.

[0397] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the second priority group, the event interval may be an interval obtained by multiplying the second coefficient of the sub-interval.

[0398] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the third priority group, the event interval may be an interval obtained by multiplying a third coefficient of the sub-interval.

[0399] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient may be in that order, and the third coefficient may be the largest among the third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient, and the first coefficient may be the smallest among the third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient.

[0400]

[0401] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided. The wireless device includes a first processor corresponding to a host stack; a second processor corresponding to a first controller stack; a memory; and a transceiver. The host stack and the controller stack are connected via a Host Controller Interface (HCI). The memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the electronic device according to FIG. 21 based on instructions executed by the first processor and the second processor.

[0402]

[0403] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling an electronic device is provided. The control device includes at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the electronic device according to FIG. 21 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.

[0404]

[0405] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) storing one or more instructions are provided. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include a method of operating an electronic device according to FIG. 21.

[0406]

[0407] The claims described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method of operating an electronic device, the electronic device includes a first processor corresponding to a host stack; a second processor corresponding to a first controller stack; a memory; and a transceiver, wherein the host stack and the controller stack are connected by a HCI (Host Controller Interface), A step of transmitting a first battery management command (BM command, BM command) to each of a plurality of battery cells included in one or more battery cell groups; A step of receiving a first battery management response (BM response, BM response) from each of the plurality of battery cells; A step of determining priorities for the plurality of battery cells and transmission cycles based on the priorities based on the first battery management response; A step of transmitting a second battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells based on the above priority and the above transmission cycle; comprising the step of receiving a second battery management response from each of the plurality of battery cells; method.

2. In paragraph 1, The first battery management response includes information related to at least one of the temperature, voltage, current, and charge amount of each of the plurality of battery cells. method.

3. In paragraph 2, A priority for the plurality of battery cells is determined based on at least one of a comparison of the temperature and at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the voltage and at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the current and at least one critical current, and a comparison of the charge amount and at least one critical charge amount. method.

4. In paragraph 3, A score is determined for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a comparison of the temperature with at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the voltage with at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the current with at least one critical current, and a comparison of the charge with at least one critical charge, The priority for the plurality of battery cells is determined based on the score for each of the plurality of battery cells. method.

5. In paragraph 4, The order in which the second battery management command is transmitted to each of the plurality of battery cells is determined based on the above priority. method.

6. In paragraph 4, The above first battery management response is sequentially transmitted to each of the plurality of battery cells at each sub-interval, The above sub-interval is an interval obtained by dividing the ISO interval of the electronic device by the number of the plurality of battery cells. method.

7. In paragraph 6, Further comprising a step of transmitting a third battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells, For each of the plurality of battery cells, the event interval between the time of transmitting the second battery management command and the time of transmitting the third battery management command is based on the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells, If the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the first priority group, the event interval is an interval obtained by multiplying the sub-interval by a first coefficient, If the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the second priority group, the event interval is an interval obtained by multiplying the second coefficient of the sub-interval, If the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the third priority group, the event interval is an interval obtained by multiplying the third coefficient of the sub-interval, The third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient are in that order, and the third coefficient is the largest among the third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient, and the first coefficient is the smallest among the third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient. method.

8. In electronic devices, A first processor corresponding to a host stack; a second processor corresponding to a first controller stack; a memory; and a transceiver, The above host stack and the above controller stack are connected through HCI (Host Controller Interface), The above memory stores instructions for performing operations based on what is executed by the first processor and the second processor, The above actions are, A step of transmitting a first battery management command (BM command, BM command) to each of a plurality of battery cells included in one or more battery cell groups; A step of receiving a first battery management response (BM response, BM response) from each of the plurality of battery cells; A step of determining priorities for the plurality of battery cells and transmission cycles based on the priorities based on the first battery management response; A step of transmitting a second battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells based on the above priority and the above transmission cycle; comprising the step of receiving a second battery management response from each of the plurality of battery cells; Electronic devices.

9. In paragraph 8, The first battery management response includes information related to at least one of the temperature, voltage, current, and charge amount of each of the plurality of battery cells. Electronic devices.

10. In paragraph 9, A priority for the plurality of battery cells is determined based on at least one of a comparison of the temperature and at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the voltage and at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the current and at least one critical current, and a comparison of the charge amount and at least one critical charge amount. electronic devices 11. In paragraph 10, A score is determined for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a comparison of the temperature with at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the voltage with at least one critical temperature, a comparison of the current with at least one critical current, and a comparison of the charge with at least one critical charge, The priority for the plurality of battery cells is determined based on the score for each of the plurality of battery cells. Electronic devices.

12. In paragraph 11, The order in which the second battery management command is transmitted to each of the plurality of battery cells is determined based on the above priority. Electronic devices.

13. In paragraph 11, The above first battery management response is sequentially transmitted to each of the plurality of battery cells at each sub-interval, The above sub-interval is an interval obtained by dividing the ISO interval of the electronic device by the number of the plurality of battery cells. Electronic devices.

14. In paragraph 13, The above operations further include the step of transmitting a third battery management command to each of the plurality of battery cells, For each of the plurality of battery cells, the event interval between the time of transmitting the second battery management command and the time of transmitting the third battery management command is based on the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells, If the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the first priority group, the event interval is an interval obtained by multiplying the sub-interval by a first coefficient, If the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the second priority group, the event interval is an interval obtained by multiplying the second coefficient of the sub-interval, If the priority of each of the plurality of battery cells belongs to the third priority group, the event interval is an interval obtained by multiplying the third coefficient of the sub-interval, The third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient are in that order, and the third coefficient is the largest among the third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient, and the first coefficient is the smallest among the third coefficient, the second coefficient, and the first coefficient. Electronic devices.

15. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, Computer readable medium.

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