The invention relates to the technical field of medical ultrasounds, in particular to an ultrasound intervention puncture needle guidance monitoring system and method. The ultrasound intervention puncture needle guidance monitoring system comprises a medical ultrasonic transducer, a puncture needle positioning frame, an axial optical displacement sensor, a radial angle optical displacement sensor and an ultrasonic image monitoring device. Due to the design of the axial optical displacement sensor and the radial angle optical displacement sensor, the advantage that the displacement is detected through the optical displacement sensors in a non-contact and high-precision mode can be used; the axial displacement value and the radial angle value of a puncture needle are automatically fed back in real time, and the problems that in the prior art, an angle-fixed guidance puncture frame does not completely covert the distribution area range of a target spot, and the needle tip position and the needle path route of the puncture needle can not be calculated are solved; medical workers are helped to adjust the needle inlet angle in advance, and damage caused by multiple times of puncture to patients is effectively reduced.