Communication device, base station and communication system

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a communication device, a base station and a communication system. The communication device comprises a power divider, a coupler group and a multiplexer, which are connected in sequence, wherein the power divider and the coupler group are connected by means of at least two first lines. The power divider can divide light into at least two separate light beams, wherein each separate light beam is transmitted to the coupler group through one first line, and the transmissions of any two separate light beams in corresponding first lines have a phase difference and a time difference therebetween. The coupler group performs coupling interference on the received at least two separate light beams and outputs at least two coupled separate light beams, wherein each coupled separate light beam passes through one second line and then enters the multiplexer; and the transmissions of any two coupled separate light beams in corresponding second lines have a time difference therebetween. The multiplexer can perform orthogonal beam combination on the received coupled separate light beams. The communication device can perform dispersion compensation on light to suppress pulse broadening, thereby reducing the bit error rate of optical signal transmission and reducing the power loss of optical signals.

Description

Communication equipment, base station and communication system

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China on September 12, 2023, with application number 202311178022.2 and invention name "A communication device, base station and communication system", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication device, a base station and a communication system. Background Art

[0004] Optical fiber communications, emerging from optical communications, has become one of the mainstays of modern communications, playing a crucial role in modern telecommunications networks. As an emerging technology, optical fiber communications has seen unprecedented rapid development and widespread application in recent years. It is a significant milestone in the world's new technological revolution and the primary means of transmitting information in the future information society. One advantage of optical fiber communications is its ability to simultaneously transmit dozens of wavelengths of light within a single fiber. However, because different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds within the same fiber, they produce chromatic dispersion. This dispersion leads to pulse broadening, which can cause pulse overlap, resulting in inter-symbol crosstalk (ISI), and thus bit errors. In current wireless fronthaul scenarios, the transmission distances of optical signals are relatively long, making them even more susceptible to chromatic dispersion, leading to significant power degradation. Therefore, how to compensate for chromatic dispersion has become a pressing challenge for those skilled in the art.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a communication device, a base station, and a communication system for performing dispersion compensation on light to suppress pulse broadening of the light, thereby reducing power loss in optical signal transmission.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which may include a power divider, a coupler, and a multiplexer connected in sequence, wherein the power divider is connected to the coupler group via at least two first lines, and the coupler group is connected to the multiplexer via at least two second lines. The power divider can be used to divide light into at least two split light paths, and the at least two split light paths can enter the at least two first lines in a one-to-one correspondence, so that each split light path can be transmitted from the power divider to the coupler group along the corresponding first line, and there is a phase difference and time difference between the transmission of any two split light paths in the corresponding first line. The coupler group can be used to couple the at least two received split light paths to interfere, and output at least two coupled split light paths, and the at least two coupled split light paths can enter the at least two second lines in a one-to-one correspondence, so that each coupled split light path can be transmitted from the coupler group to the multiplexer along the corresponding second line, and there is a time difference between the transmission of any two coupled split light paths in the corresponding second line. The multiplexer can be used to perform orthogonal beam combining on the at least two coupled split light paths. The communication equipment provided by the present application can effectively compensate for the dispersion of light, thereby suppressing pulse broadening, reducing the bit error rate of the optical signal, and reducing the power loss of the optical signal transmission.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the present application, the power divider and the coupler group may be connected via N first lines, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. This allows each of the at least N-1 first lines to include a phase shifter and a time delay device connected in series. Thus, the phase shifters and time delay devices in the at least N-1 first lines can be configured separately to ensure that any two split light paths obtained by the power divider have a phase difference and a time difference when transmitted in the corresponding first lines.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the present application, the time delay device in each first line may be, but is not limited to, a spiral waveguide or an optical fiber of a set length, so long as it can adjust the transmission time of the split light in the first line. Furthermore, the phase shifter in each first line may be, but is not limited to, a thermal phase shifter or an electrical phase shifter, so long as it can adjust the phase shift of the split light in the first line.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the present application, the multiplexer and the coupler group may be connected via M second lines, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. This allows each of the at least M-1 second lines to include a time delay device. Thus, the time delay devices in the at least M-1 second lines can be individually configured to ensure that a time difference exists between the transmissions of any two coupled split light beams obtained through coupling interference by the coupler group in the corresponding second lines.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the present application, the time delay device in each second line can be, but is not limited to, a spiral waveguide or an optical fiber of a set length, as long as it can achieve the purpose of adjusting the transmission time of the coupled split light in the second line.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the present application, the coupler group, when specifically configured, may include at least two couplers sequentially connected via a third circuit, with adjacent couplers within the at least two couplers being connected via at least two third circuits. At least two intermediate coupled split light beams outputted by the preceding coupler of the adjacent couplers within the at least two couplers can enter the at least two third circuits in a one-to-one correspondence, and any two intermediate coupled split light beams have a phase and time difference when transmitted within the corresponding third circuits. This allows the at least two split light beams entering the coupler group to sequentially undergo coupling interference through each of the couplers connected via the third circuits, and then output at least two coupled split light beams to the multiplexer.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the present application, two adjacent couplers among the at least two couplers are connected via X third lines, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each of the at least X-1 third lines can include a phase shifter and a time delay device connected in series. Thus, the phase shifters and time delay devices in the at least X-1 third lines can be configured such that any two intermediate coupled split light beams obtained through coupling interference by the previous coupler have a phase difference and a time difference when transmitted in the corresponding third lines.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the present application, the time delay device in each third line may be, but is not limited to, a spiral waveguide or an optical fiber of a set length, as long as it can adjust the transmission time of the split light in the third line. Furthermore, the phase shifter in each third line may be, but is not limited to, a thermal phase shifter or an electrical phase shifter, as long as it can adjust the phase shift of the split light in the third line.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the present application, the multiplexer may be, but is not limited to, a mode multiplexer or a polarization multiplexer, etc., as long as it can realize the function of orthogonally combining at least two coupled split light beams with a time difference.

[0016] In a possible implementation of the present application, the coupler may be, but is not limited to, a multimode coupling interferometer or a directional coupler, as long as it can achieve the function of coupling interference on at least two split light beams with phase difference and time difference.

[0017] In one possible implementation of the present application, the communication device may further include a detector configured to receive the light beams after being orthogonally combined by the multiplexer and to restore the signal modulated on the light beams. In this manner, the communication device may be configured to perform dispersion compensation on the light beams entering the communication device, thereby reducing the bit error rate of the optical signal and lowering the power loss of the optical signal transmission.

[0018] The communication device also includes a light transmission port power splitter for distributing the light modulated by the communication device into at least two separate light beams. The light transmission port is used to transmit the light beams, orthogonally combined by the multiplexer, to the exterior of the communication device. The communication device provided herein can also be used to perform dispersion compensation on the light it transmits, thereby reducing the bit error rate of the optical signal and lowering the power loss of optical signal transmission.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the present application, the power divider and the coupler group, as well as the coupler group and the multiplexer, may be directly connected or indirectly connected, which is not specifically limited in the present application. For example, the power divider and the coupler group may be directly connected via at least two first lines, and the coupler group and the multiplexer may be directly connected via at least two third lines. In addition, the communication device may further include at least one optical transmission system, each optical transmission system including at least one section of optical transmission wire, and the at least one optical transmission system may be connected in series between the power divider and the coupler group to achieve an indirect connection between the power divider and the coupler group. Alternatively, the at least one optical transmission system may be connected in series between the coupler group and the multiplexer to achieve an indirect connection between the coupler group and the multiplexer.

[0020] Furthermore, when the communication device includes at least two optical transmission systems, at least one optical transmission system can be connected in series between the power splitter and the coupler group, and at least one optical transmission system can be connected in series between the coupler group and the multiplexer, thereby achieving an indirect connection between the power splitter and the coupler group, and an indirect connection between the coupler group and the multiplexer.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a base station comprising a baseband unit (BMU), a remote radio unit (RRU), and the communication device described in the first aspect, wherein the baseband unit and the RRU are signal-connected via the communication device. This allows dispersion compensation of light transmitted between the BMU and the RRU via the communication device to suppress pulse broadening, reduce bit error rates, and lower power loss in optical signal transmission.

[0022] The base station can also include an active antenna processing unit (AAP), which is connected to the baseband unit via a communication device. This allows the communication device to perform dispersion compensation on the light transmitted between the baseband unit and the AAP, thereby suppressing pulse broadening, reducing bit error rates, and lowering power loss in optical signal transmission.

[0023] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a communication system, comprising the base station of the second aspect, which can be used for communication connection with a terminal device. The communication signal between the base station and the terminal device in the communication system has a low bit error rate and retransmission probability, and the signal transmission delay can be effectively reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a time delay device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG5a is a dispersion amplitude-frequency response curve of light before entering a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG5 b is a dispersion time-domain impulse response curve of light before entering a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG6a and FIG6b are time domain impulse response curves corresponding to two coupled splitting lines provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG7 a is a dispersion amplitude-frequency response curve of light after dispersion compensation by a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG7 b is a dispersion time-domain impulse response curve of light after dispersion compensation by a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a link simulation of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG9 is another link simulation schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG10 is another schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG11 is another schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG12 is another schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupler group provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] 01-antenna system; 02-RRU; 03-BBU; 04-AAU; 05-optical transmission line; 06-communication equipment;

[0042] 1-power divider; 2-coupler group; 201, 201a, 201b-couplers; 3-multiplexer; 4, 4a, 4b-first line;

[0043] 401-phase shifter; 402-time delay; 5, 5a, 5b-second line; 501-time delay; 6-third line; 601-phase shifter;

[0044] 602-time delay device; 7-light transmission system; 8-housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be understood as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same figure marks in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their repeated description will be omitted. The words expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of the present application are all explained with reference to the accompanying drawings as examples, but changes can be made as needed, and the changes made are all included in the scope of protection of the present application. The drawings in the embodiments of the present application are only used to illustrate the relative position relationship and do not represent the true proportion.

[0046] It should be noted that the following description sets forth specific details to facilitate understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in a variety of other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] In order to facilitate understanding of the communication device provided in this application, its application scenarios are first introduced.

[0048] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a communication system provided by this application. In the system architecture shown in Figure 1 , the communication system may include wireless network devices, exemplarily base stations. Base stations may be used to communicate with terminal devices to enable wireless communication between the base stations and the terminal devices. Exemplary terminal devices may be smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), computers, laptops, tablet computers, or wearable devices.

[0049] With the development of 5G wireless communication technology, the base station architecture has evolved from a distributed radio access network (DRAN) to a centralized radio access network (CRAN). Referring to Figure 2, Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a base station provided in an embodiment of the present application. Taking the application of the base station in the CRAN scenario as an example, the base station may include an antenna system 01, a remote radio unit (RRU 02) and a base-band unit (BBU 03). The antenna system 01 may be used to radiate electrical signals outward or receive external electrical signals. RRU 02 may be used to perform frequency selection, amplification and down-conversion processing on the electrical signal received by the antenna system 01, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to BBU 03, or RRU 02 may be used to up-convert and amplify the baseband signal or the intermediate frequency signal, and then convert it into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna system 01 and send it out.

[0050] In a possible base station design, the RRU 02 can also be used in conjunction with the antenna units in the antenna system 01 to form an active antenna unit (AAU 04), thereby implementing spatial beamforming and completing the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals.

[0051] In the base station shown in Figure 2 , the RRU 02 and antenna system 01 can be integrated into an AAU 04, while the BBU 03 is located remotely. In other possible embodiments, both the RRU 02 and the BBU 03 can be located remotely from the antenna system 01. Regardless of the configuration, the RRU 02 and BBU 03, as well as the AAU 04 and BBU 03, can be connected via optical transmission conductors 05, such as optical fibers or waveguides, thereby enabling optical signal interconnection between the RRU 02 and BBU 03, and between the AAU 04 and BBU 03.

[0052] Currently, in CRAN scenarios, the optical transmission distance between RRU 02 and BBU 03, and between BBU 03 and AAU 04, can reach 10 km. During long-distance transmission, high-speed optical fiber is severely affected by dispersion, resulting in pulse broadening. Pulse broadening can cause optical signal distortion, resulting in significant power attenuation.

[0053] In view of this, the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application divides the light into at least two split light paths through a power divider. There is a phase difference and time difference between any two split light paths when they are transmitted from the power divider to the coupler group. The coupler group is used to couple the multi-path split light paths and output at least two coupled split light paths. There is a time difference between any two coupled split light paths when they are transmitted from the coupler group to the multiplexer. Finally, at least two coupled split light paths are orthogonally combined through the multiplexer. When the communication device is applied to a base station, it can be used to perform dispersion compensation on the light transmitted in the base station to suppress pulse broadening and reduce the power loss of the optical signal. The communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Referring to Figure 3, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment of the present application, the communication device may include a power splitter 1, a coupler group 2, and a multiplexer 3, and the power splitter 1, the coupler group 2, and the multiplexer 3 are connected in sequence to form a linearly connected optical domain equalization system. Among them, light can enter the optical domain equalization system through the power splitter 1, and the power splitter 1 can be used to distribute the light into at least two split light paths.

[0055] In this application, the specific power ratio of the power divider 1 to distribute the light is not limited, and it can be specifically designed according to the specific application scenario. For example, in the communication device shown in Figure 3, the power divider 1 can be used to distribute the light into two split light paths, wherein the power divider 1 can distribute the light into two equal-power split light paths according to a 1:1 equal-power ratio when distributing the light.

[0056] 3 , the power divider 1 is connected to the coupler group 2 via two first lines 4 , and the two first lines 4 are arranged in parallel, so that the two split light beams obtained by the power divider 1 can enter the two first lines 4 one by one.

[0057] In the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application, during the transmission of each split light beam in the corresponding first line 4, there is a phase difference and time difference between any two split light beams in the corresponding first line 4. In specific implementation, still taking the structure of the communication device shown in Figure 3 as an example, when the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2 are connected through two first lines 4, for ease of explanation, the two first lines 4 can be defined as first line 4a and first line 4b respectively. In this way, the first line 4a can include a phase shifter 401 and a time delay 402 connected in series, while the first line 4b can be provided with neither a phase shifter 401 nor a time delay 402. In this way, the phase shifter 401 and the time delay 402 in the first line 4a can be adjusted to adjust the phase shift and time delay of the two split light beams in the corresponding first line 4. This setting method can effectively simplify the structure of the communication device and reduce the cost of the communication device.

[0058] In some possible embodiments of the present application, each first line 4 may be provided with a phase shifter and a time delayer, so that the phase shift and time delay of each split light transmitted in the corresponding first line 4 can be adjusted separately by adjusting the phase shifter and time delay in each first line 4. This can effectively improve the flexibility of adjusting the phase shift and time delay of each split light transmitted in the corresponding first line 4, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the phase difference and time difference between any two split light transmitted in the corresponding first line 4.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, the specific type of phase shifter 401 provided in the first line 4a is not limited; exemplary embodiments include thermal phase shifters or electrical phase shifters. Furthermore, the time delay element 402 provided in the first line 4a may be, for example, a spiral waveguide as shown in FIG. 4 , or a length of optical fiber, as long as it can increase the transmission time of light from the power divider 1 to the coupler group 2.

[0060] Continuing with Figure 3 , the two split light beams, after being distributed by power divider 1, are transmitted to coupler group 2 via their respective first lines 4. Coupler group 2 is configured to perform interference coupling on the two split light beams and output two coupled split light beams. Furthermore, in the communication device shown in Figure 3 , coupler group 2 is connected to multiplexer 3 via two second lines 5 , allowing the two coupled split light beams to enter the two second lines 5 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0061] In the communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application, during the transmission of each coupled split light beam in the corresponding second line 5, there is a time difference between the transmissions of any two coupled split light beams in the corresponding second line 5. In a specific implementation, for ease of explanation, the two second lines 5 can be defined as second line 5a and second line 5b, respectively. As shown in Figure 3, second line 5a includes a time delay 501, while second line 5b does not. This allows the time delay between the two coupled split light beams in the corresponding second line 5 to be adjusted by adjusting the time delay 501 in second line 5a. This configuration effectively simplifies the structure of the communication device and reduces its cost.

[0062] It is worth mentioning that in some other possible embodiments of the present application, each second line 5 can also be provided with a delay device, so that the delay of each coupled split light in the corresponding second line 5 can be adjusted separately by adjusting the delay device in each second line 5. This can effectively improve the flexibility of adjusting the delay of each coupled split light in the corresponding second line 5, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the time difference between any two coupled split light in the corresponding second line 5.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present application, the specific type of the time delay device 501 provided in the second line 5a is not limited; exemplary types include thermal phase shifters or electrical phase shifters. Furthermore, the time delay device 501 provided in the second line 5a may be, for example, a spiral waveguide as shown in FIG4 , or a segment of optical fiber, as long as it can increase the transmission time of light from the coupler group 2 to the multiplexer 3. Furthermore, the multiplexer 3 may be, but is not limited to, a mode multiplexer or a polarization multiplexer, as long as it can orthogonally combine multiple light paths.

[0064] After understanding the design principles of the communication device provided in this application, the dispersion compensation effect of the communication device provided in this application on light is analyzed.

[0065] Because the optical domain equalization system is a linear system, it can be installed at either the optical receiving port or the optical transmitting port of a communication device. For example, if the optical domain equalization system is installed at the optical receiving port of a communication device, the optical receiving port of the communication device can also be equipped with a photodetector to restore the signal modulated on the light.

[0066] It can be understood that in the present application, the dispersion compensation effect of the communication equipment provided in the present application on light can be explained by comparing the dispersion of the incident light before entering the optical domain equalization system and the dispersion of the light after passing through the optical domain equalization system.

[0067] First, the incident light before entering the optical domain equalization system, that is, the light corresponding to the 1-1 node in Figure 3, is detected by the light detector using the square law. The amplitude-frequency response of the signal at different frequencies can be expressed as:

[0068] Among them, ω is the frequency of signals of different frequencies, λ is the wavelength of the incident light, D is the dispersion coefficient, and L is the transmission distance.

[0069] Taking the incident light wavelength λ = 1371nm, the dispersion coefficient D = 7ps / nm / km, and the transmission distance L = 15km as an example, the calculated dispersion amplitude-frequency response curve of the incident light is shown in Figure 5a. As can be seen from Figure 5a, the attenuation amplitude of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response of the incident light is the largest at 27GHz. In addition, Figure 5b shows the dispersion time-domain impulse response curve of the incident light. As can be seen from Figure 5b, the pulse broadening caused by the dispersion of the incident light is relatively wide.

[0070] After the incident light enters the optical domain equalization system through power divider 1, it is split into two split light paths by power divider 1. These two split light paths enter first line 4a and first line 4b in a one-to-one correspondence before entering coupler group 2. One of the two split light paths obtained by power divider 1 passes through first line 4a, which has a phase shift of φ = 0 and a time delay of τ1 = 10 ps. The other split light path passes through first line 4b, which has both zero phase shift and zero time delay. Therefore, the phase difference between the two split light paths in the corresponding first line 4 is φ, and the time difference is τ1.

[0071] In addition, after the two split light paths are interferometrically coupled by the coupler group 2, two coupled split light paths are output, which are the light paths corresponding to the node 2-2 in FIG3 . The amplitude-frequency responses of the two coupled split light paths can be expressed as follows:

[0072] By substituting the values ​​of the corresponding parameters into the above formula, the time domain impulse response of the two coupled splitter lines can be calculated. Figures 6a and 6b respectively show the time domain impulse response curves corresponding to the two coupled splitter lines. Figure 6a can be used to show the time domain impulse response curve of the coupled splitter line entering the second line 5a, and Figure 6b can be used to show the time domain impulse response curve of the coupled splitter line entering the second line 5b. By comparison, it can be seen that the time point at which the peak of the time domain impulse response curve shown in Figure 6a appears later than the time point at which the peak of the time domain impulse response curve shown in Figure 6b appears. Therefore, there is a time difference τ2 in the transmission of the two coupled splitter lines at the 2-2 node. Based on this, the delay of the delay device 501 in the second line 5b can be set to τ2, while the delay of the second line 5a is zero. The two coupled split light beams pass through the second line 5a and the second line 5b respectively and enter the multiplexer 3. The signal obtained after the orthogonal beam combination by the multiplexer 3 is the signal corresponding to the node 3-3 in Figure 3. The amplitude-frequency response of the signal obtained after the signal is input into the photodetector for square-law detection can be expressed as:

[0073] I(t)| ω =I1(t)| ω +I2(t-τ2)| ω

[0074] Taking τ2 = 16 ps as an example, the calculated dispersion amplitude-frequency response curve of the light after passing through the optical domain equalization system is shown in Figure 7a. As can be seen from Figure 7a, the attenuation of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response of the light after passing through the optical domain equalization system is the largest at 40 GHz. In addition, Figure 7b shows the dispersion time-domain impulse response curve of the light after passing through the optical domain equalization system. A comparison of Figures 5b and 7b shows that the pulse broadening caused by dispersion is effectively suppressed after the incident light passes through the optical domain equalization system.

[0075] From the above analysis, it can be seen that the communication equipment provided in the embodiment of the present application can perform dispersion compensation on the incident light before the incident light enters the light detector through an optical domain equalization system arranged at the light receiving port, thereby suppressing pulse broadening, which is beneficial to reducing the power loss of optical signal transmission and reducing the bit error rate of the optical signal, so as to improve the receiving sensitivity of the communication equipment to the optical signal.

[0076] In the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application, the optical domain equalization system is arranged at the light receiving port of the communication device and can be used to effectively compensate for the dispersion of the incident light entering the communication device. When the optical domain equalization system is arranged at the light transmitting port of the communication device, the light emitted from the light transmitting port to the outside of the communication device can be dispersed. In specific implementation, the light modulated by the communication device can enter the optical domain equalization system through the power divider 1, and the power divider 1 can be used to distribute the light modulated by the communication device into at least two split light beams according to the set power ratio. The at least two split light beams enter the coupler group 2 through the corresponding first line 4 and are divided into at least two coupled split light beams. The at least two coupled split light beams enter the multiplexer 3 through the corresponding second line 5, and the light transmitting port can be used to transmit the light beam after orthogonal beam combination by the multiplexer 3 to the outside of the communication device. It can be understood that the light emitted by the light transmitting port can be transmitted to other optical communication units through the optical signal transmission wire to realize the optical signal interconnection between the optical communication units.

[0077] In order to compare the dispersion compensation effects of the communication device on the incident light and the transmitted light when the optical domain equalization system is set at the light receiving port and the light transmitting port of the communication device, reference can be made to Figures 8 and 9. Figure 8a is a level diagram of the light entering the communication device from the light receiving port when the light receiving end of the communication device is not equipped with an optical domain equalization system. Figure 8b is a level diagram of the light entering the communication device from the light receiving port after passing through the optical domain equalization system when the light receiving end of the communication device is equipped with an optical domain equalization system. By comparing Figure 8a and Figure 8b, it can be seen that after the incident light passes through the optical domain equalization system, its bit error rate (BER) is reduced by an order of magnitude from 10 -2 becomes 10 -5 This shows that the dispersion of the incident light is effectively compensated after passing through the optical domain equalization system, thereby suppressing the signal damage (increase in bit error rate) caused by dispersion.

[0078] In addition, Figure 8c compares the amplitude-frequency response curves of the light in Figure 8a and Figure 8b. Curve c1 is the amplitude-frequency response curve of the light in Figure 8a, showing that the attenuation of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response is maximum at around 27 GHz. Curve c2 is the amplitude-frequency response curve of the light in Figure 8b, showing that the attenuation of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response is maximum at around 40 GHz. This shows that after the incident light passes through the optical domain equalization system, the point at which the attenuation of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response is maximum is compensated from 27 GHz to 40 GHz, indicating that the dispersion is effectively compensated.

[0079] Figure 9a shows the level diagram of the light modulated by the communication device when the light transmitting end of the communication device is not equipped with an optical domain equalization system. Figure 9b shows the level diagram of the light modulated by the communication device after being orthogonally combined by the multiplexer when the light transmitting end of the communication device is equipped with an optical domain equalization system. By comparing Figure 9a and Figure 9b, it can be seen that after the light modulated by the communication device passes through the optical domain equalization system, the BER of the light is increased by 10 -2 becomes 10 -5 This shows that the dispersion of light is effectively compensated after passing through the optical domain equalization system, thereby suppressing the signal damage (increase in bit error rate) caused by dispersion.

[0080] In addition, Figure 9(c) shows a comparison of the amplitude-frequency response curves of the light in Figure 9(a) and Figure 9(b) for the two cases. Curve c3 is the amplitude-frequency response curve for the light in Figure 9(a), and curve c3 shows that the attenuation of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response is maximum at around 27 GHz. Curve c4 is the amplitude-frequency response curve for the light in Figure 9(b), and curve c4 shows that the attenuation of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response is maximum at around 40 GHz. This shows that after the incident light passes through the optical domain equalization system, the point at which the attenuation of the dispersion amplitude-frequency response is maximum is compensated from 27 GHz to 40 GHz, indicating that the dispersion is effectively compensated.

[0081] In summary, it can be understood that regardless of whether the optical domain equalization system is installed at the light input port or the light transmission port of the communication device, it can achieve the purpose of compensating for the dispersion of light, thereby suppressing pulse broadening and reducing the bit error rate. In addition, since the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application has a relatively simple structural design for achieving dispersion compensation and the cost of each component used to achieve dispersion compensation is relatively low, it is beneficial to reduce the cost of the communication device.

[0082] Based on the above introduction to the design principle of dispersion compensation of light by the communication equipment provided by the present application, the communication equipment can also be specifically designed according to the specific application scenario. For example, referring to Figure 10, Figure 10 is another structural schematic diagram of the communication equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application. In the communication equipment, the power divider 1 can be made to distribute the light into at least two split light beams according to the set power distribution ratio according to the use requirements of the specific scenario, and the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2 can be connected through at least two first lines 4, so that the at least two split light beams can enter the at least two first lines 4 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0083] It is understood that in order to create a phase and time difference between the transmission of any two split light beams in the corresponding first lines 4, phase shifters and time delayers may be provided in some or all of the first lines 4. In one possible embodiment, the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2 may be connected via N first lines 4. The power divider 1 divides the light into N split light beams according to a set power distribution ratio, and the N split light beams then enter the N first lines 4 one by one, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Based on this, each of the at least N-1 first lines 4 may include a phase shifter and a time delayer connected in series. That is, one of the at least two first lines 4 connected between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2 may not be provided with a phase shifter and a time delayer. In this way, by adjusting the phase shifters and time delayers in the at least N-1 first lines 4, the phase shift and time delay of any two split light beams transmitted in the corresponding first lines 4 can be adjusted.

[0084] 10 , the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3 can be connected via at least two second lines 5 , and the coupler group 2 couples and interferes with the at least two split light beams to output at least two coupled split light beams, which can enter the at least two second lines 5 one by one.

[0085] In order to create a time difference between the transmission of any two coupled split light beams in the corresponding second lines 5, a time delay device may be provided in some or all of the second lines 5. In one possible embodiment, the multiplexer 3 is connected to the coupler group 2 via M second lines 5. The coupler group 2 couples and interferes with at least two split light beams and outputs M coupled split light beams, which then enter the M second lines 5 one by one, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Based on this, each of the at least M-1 second lines 5 may include a time delay device, that is, one of the at least two second lines 5 connected between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3 may not be provided with a time delay device. In this way, the time delay device in at least M-1 second lines 5 may be adjusted to adjust the time delay between the transmission of any two coupled split light beams in the corresponding second lines 5.

[0086] In the communication device shown in FIG3 , coupler group 2 may include only one coupler. Furthermore, in the communication device shown in FIG10 , coupler group 2 may include at least two couplers 201 sequentially connected via third lines 6. Two adjacent couplers 201 of the at least two couplers 201 are connected via at least two third lines 6. Thus, the at least two intermediate coupled split light beams output by the preceding coupler 201 of the two adjacent couplers 201 can enter the at least two third lines 6 in a one-to-one correspondence. In this way, the coupler 201 adjacent to the power divider 1 in coupler group 2 can perform a first coupling interference on the at least two split light beams and output at least two intermediate coupled split light beams. These at least two intermediate coupled split light beams can enter the at least two third lines 6 in a one-to-one correspondence, and then enter the next coupler 201 for interference coupling before outputting at least two intermediate coupled split light beams. This process continues until the last coupler 201 outputs at least two coupled split light beams. The at least two coupled split light beams output by the last coupler 201 can then enter the at least two second lines 5 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0087] In the present application, if any two of the at least two intermediate coupled split light beams output by the preceding coupler 201 in two couplers 201 connected via at least two third lines 6 have a phase and time difference during transmission in the corresponding third lines 6, then some or all of the at least two third lines 6 connected between the two couplers 201 may be provided with phase shifters and time delays. In one possible embodiment, two adjacent couplers 201 in the at least two couplers 201 sequentially connected via third lines 6 in the coupler group 2 may be connected via X third lines 6, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Based on this, each of the at least X-1 third lines 6 may include a phase shifter and a time delay. In other words, one of the at least two third lines 6 connected between two adjacent couplers 201 may not be provided with a phase shifter and a time delay. In this way, the phase shift and time delay of any two intermediate coupled split light beams transmitted in the corresponding third lines 6 can be adjusted by adjusting the phase shifters and time delayers in at least X-1 third lines 6 .

[0088] In the embodiments of the present application, the specific types of phase shifters and time delayers provided in the third line 6 are not limited. For example, the phase shifter 601 of a third line 6 shown in FIG10 can be a thermal phase shifter or an electrical phase shifter. Furthermore, the time delayer 602 provided in the third line 6 can also be, for example, a spiral waveguide as shown in FIG4 , or a segment of optical fiber, as long as it can increase the transmission time of light from the preceding coupler 201 to the succeeding coupler 201. The phase shifters and time delayers in each third line 6 can be the same or different, and are not limited in this application.

[0089] In addition, the couplers 201 in the coupler group 2 may be, but are not limited to, multimode coupling interferometers or directional couplers, and the types of the couplers 201 may be the same or different.

[0090] In the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application, the number N of first lines 4 connected between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2, the number M of second lines 5 connected between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3, and the number X of third lines 6 connected between two adjacent couplers 201 in the coupler group 2 can be equal or unequal. For example, when N is 10, M can be 11, 10, or 8, and X can be 12, 10, or 9. In addition, when the coupler group 2 includes three or more couplers 201 connected in sequence via third lines 6, the number of third lines 6 between any two adjacent couplers 201 can be equal or unequal, and this is not limited in the present application.

[0091] It is worth mentioning that in the embodiment of the present application, the power divider 1, the coupler group 2, and the multiplexer 3 are connected in sequence, which only limits the connection order of the power divider 1, the coupler group 2, and the multiplexer 3, so as to illustrate the transmission direction of light in the communication device. When the power divider 1 is specifically connected to the coupler group 2, and the coupler group 2 is specifically connected to the multiplexer 3, the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2 can be directly or indirectly connected through at least two first lines 4, and the multiplexer 3 and the coupler group 2 can be directly or indirectly connected through at least two second lines 5. Specifically, for example, in the communication equipment shown in Figures 3 and 10, in the line connecting the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2, only at least two first lines 4 can be set between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2, so that the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2 are directly connected through at least two first lines 4; or, in the communication equipment shown in Figure 11, in addition to at least two first lines 4, other optical transmission systems 7 can be set between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2. The optical transmission system 7 can be set at any position between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2. For example, in the communication equipment shown in Figure 11, the optical transmission system 7 can be connected in series in any first line 4, thereby realizing an indirect connection between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2.

[0092] Similarly, in the line connecting the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3, only at least two second lines 5 may be set between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3, so that the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3 are directly connected through the at least two second lines 5; or, in addition to the at least two second lines 5, other optical transmission systems 7 may be set between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3. The optical transmission system 7 can be set at any position between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3. For example, in the communication device shown in Figure 12, the optical transmission system 7 can be connected in series in any second line 5, so as to realize indirect connection between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3.

[0093] In some other possible embodiments, a light transmission system 7 may also be simultaneously provided between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2, and between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3. This application does not limit the number of light transmission systems 7 between the power divider 1 and the coupler group 2, and between the coupler group 2 and the multiplexer 3. In addition, in the embodiments of this application, the specific structure of the light transmission system 7 is not limited. For example, the light transmission system 7 may include at least one section of light transmission wire, and it may also include optical devices connected by at least one section of light transmission wire. For example, the light transmission system 7 may be connected to the optical domain equalization system through a coupler or other possible optical devices, which are not limited in this application.

[0094] In addition, coupler group 2 may also include couplers connected to the optical domain equalization system of a communication device via other lines. These couplers can be used to connect other optical transmission systems to the optical domain equalization system of the communication device. In this application, the types of the couplers in coupler group 2 can be the same or different. To facilitate the distinction between couplers used to implement different functions in coupler group 2, in coupler group 2 shown in Figure 13, the coupler connected via third line 6 is defined as coupler 201a, and the coupler used to connect other optical signal transmission systems to the optical domain equalization system of the communication device is defined as coupler 201b. This application does not limit the arrangement order of the couplers 201a and 201b in the coupler set 2. For example, the coupler 201b can be arranged at any position between two adjacent couplers 201a. For example, in the coupler set 2 shown in FIG13 , the coupler 201b can be connected in series to any third line 6 to achieve an indirect connection between the two couplers 201a. Alternatively, if two adjacent couplers 201a are directly connected via at least two third lines 6, the coupler 201b can be arranged on the side of the two directly connected couplers 201a that is connected to the power divider 1, or the coupler 201b can be arranged on the side of the two directly connected couplers 201a that is connected to the multiplexer 3. In addition, the coupler 201b can also be arranged at any other position, which is not listed here.

[0095] The above is only an exemplary introduction to the specific setting methods of the communication equipment provided in this application. Based on the principle of dispersion compensation of light by the communication equipment and the specific application scenarios, other possible variations of the communication equipment can also be made. They are not introduced one by one here, but they should all be understood to fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0096] It is worth noting that the specific type of communication device is not limited in this application. It can be an optical communication transceiver for receiving and transmitting light. An example is the optical module shown in Figure 14. The optical module includes a housing 8, and the above-mentioned optical domain equalization system can be disposed within the housing 8 of the optical module. In addition, the communication device can also be configured as other possible forms of optical communication transceivers, which are not listed here one by one.

[0097] In addition, the present application does not limit the processing method of the communication equipment. For example, the power divider, coupler group, multiplexer, first line, second line and third line of the communication equipment can be, but are not limited to, processed using a silicon photonics process platform, a programmable logic controller (PLC) process platform or a silicon nitride process platform, and the processing method of each device can be the same or different.

[0098] When the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured as a communication transceiver, it can be applied to the base station shown in FIG2 . Specifically, the base station's BBU 03 and RRU 02 can achieve signal connection via the communication device 06. In a specific implementation, the BBU 03 can be connected to the communication device 06 via an optical transmission conductor 05, such as an optical fiber or waveguide, and the RRU 02 can be connected to the communication device 06 via an optical transmission conductor 05, such as an optical fiber or waveguide. This allows the optical signal emitted by the BBU 03 to be transmitted to the RRU 02 after passing through the communication device 06. Furthermore, the optical signal emitted by the RRU 02 can also be transmitted to the BBU 03 after passing through the communication device 06. Since the communication device 06 provided in the embodiment of the present application can perform dispersion compensation for light transmission, the BBU 03 and the RRU 02 are connected by signal through the communication device 06, which can effectively compensate for the dispersion of light transmitted between the BBU 03 and the RRU 02, thereby suppressing the pulse broadening of the light, reducing the bit error rate of the optical signal, and reducing the power loss of the optical signal transmitted between the BBU 03 and the RRU 02.

[0099] In addition, the BBU 03 and AAU 04 can also achieve signal connection via the communication device 06. In specific implementations, the BBU 03 is connected to the communication device 06 via an optical transmission line 05, such as an optical fiber or waveguide, and the AAU 04 is also connected to the communication device 06 via an optical transmission line 05, such as an optical fiber or waveguide. This allows optical signals emitted by the BBU 03 to be transmitted to the AAU 04 after passing through the communication device 06, and vice versa. This effectively compensates for the dispersion of light transmitted between the BBU 03 and the AAU 04, thereby suppressing pulse broadening, reducing the bit error rate of the optical signal, and lowering the power loss of the optical signal transmitted between the BBU 03 and the AAU 04.

[0100] In addition to being the above-mentioned optical communication transceiver, the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be configured as a base station. The communication device can also include at least two optical communication units that are signal-connected, wherein any two optical communication units can be signal-connected via the above-mentioned optical domain equalization system to achieve dispersion compensation for light transmitted between the two optical communication units, thereby suppressing the pulse broadening of the light, reducing the bit error rate of the optical signal, and reducing the power loss of the optical signal transmitted between the two optical communication units.

[0101] When a base station equipped with the communication device provided in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application is used in the communication system as shown in Figure 1, it can effectively reduce the bit error rate of the communication signal between the base station and the terminal device, reduce the probability of signal retransmission, and reduce the signal transmission delay.

[0102] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication device, characterized in that: It includes a power divider, a coupler group and a multiplexer connected in sequence, wherein: The power distributor is connected to the coupler group via at least two first lines; The power distributor is used to distribute the light into at least two split light paths, the at least two split light paths enter the at least two first lines one by one, and there is a phase difference and a time difference in the transmission of any two of the split light paths in the corresponding first lines; The coupler group is used to couple the at least two split light beams and output at least two coupled split light beams; The multiplexer is connected to the coupler group through at least two second lines, the at least two coupled split light rays enter the at least two second lines one by one, and there is a time difference between the transmission of any two coupled split light rays in the corresponding second lines; The multiplexer is used for orthogonally combining the at least two coupled split light beams.

2. The communication device according to claim 1, characterized in that The power divider is connected to the coupler group through N first lines, and each of at least N-1 first lines includes a phase shifter and a time delay device connected in series, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

3. The communication device according to claim 2, characterized in that The time delay device of each of the first lines is a spiral waveguide or an optical fiber with a set length; the phase shifter of each of the first lines is a thermal phase shifter or an electrical phase shifter.

4. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The multiplexer is connected to the coupler group via M second lines, and each of at least M-1 second lines includes a delay device, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

5. The communication device according to claim 4, characterized in that The time delay device of each second line is a spiral waveguide or an optical fiber with a set length.

6. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The coupler group includes at least two couplers connected in sequence through a third line, and two adjacent couplers among the at least two couplers are connected through at least two third lines; at least two intermediate coupling split light rays output by the previous coupler of two adjacent couplers among the at least two couplers enter at least two third lines one by one, and there is a phase difference and time difference in the transmission of any two intermediate coupling split light rays in the corresponding third lines.

7. The communication device according to claim 6, characterized in that Two adjacent couplers among the at least two couplers are connected via X third lines, and each of the at least X-1 third lines comprises a phase shifter and a time delay device connected in series, wherein X is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

8. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The multiplexer is a mode multiplexer or a polarization multiplexer.

9. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The coupler is a multimode coupling interferometer or a directional coupler.

10. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The communication device further includes a detector, which is used to receive the light after orthogonal beam combining by the multiplexer, and the detector is used to restore the signal modulated on the light.

11. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The communication device further comprises a light emitting port, and the light emitting port is used to emit the light beams orthogonally combined by the multiplexer to the outside of the communication device.

12. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The communication device also includes at least one optical transmission system, each of which includes at least one section of optical transmission wire; at least one optical transmission system is connected in series between the power distributor and the coupler group, or at least one optical transmission system is connected in series between the coupler group and the multiplexer.

13. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The communication device also includes at least two optical transmission systems, each of which includes at least one section of optical transmission wire; at least one optical transmission system is connected in series between the power distributor and the coupler group, and at least one optical transmission system is connected in series between the coupler group and the multiplexer.

14. A base station, characterized in that: The invention comprises a baseband unit, a radio remote unit and the communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the baseband unit and the radio remote unit are connected via a signal of the communication device.

15. The base station according to claim 14, characterized in that The base station also includes an active antenna processing unit, and the baseband unit is connected to the active antenna processing unit through the communication device signal.

16. A communication system, characterized in that: Comprising the base station as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein the base station is used for communication connection with a terminal device.

Images