Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

A communication method and apparatus, which are applied to a wireless local area network system that supports the next-generation Wi-Fi protocol of IEEE 802.11ax, such as 802.11be, Wi-Fi7 or EHT, the next-generation protocol of 802.11be, such as 802.11bn or Wi-Fi8, and 802.11-series protocols such as 802.11ay and 802.11aj, and can also be applied to a UWB-based wireless personal area network system, a sensing system, etc. A first communication apparatus generates and sends a PPDU. A second communication apparatus receives and parses the PPDU. A pilot value, which is carried by a pilot sub-carrier corresponding to a data field in the PPDU, is determined on the basis of a PPDU bandwidth and Nss groups of initial pilot values; at least two groups of initial pilot values among the Nss groups of initial pilot values are different; and each group of initial pilot values may comprise M initial pilot values. The utilization rate of a processing circuit is effectively improved.

Description

Communication method and device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application with application number 202311194755.5 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on September 14, 2023, and priority to the Chinese patent application with the invention name “Communication Method and Device”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and device. Background Art

[0003] Wireless local area networks (WLANs), starting with 802.11a / g and evolving through 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, and 802.11be, have expanded their frequency bands from 2.4 GHz to 2.4 GHz / 5 GHz, and then to 2.4 GHz / 5 GHz / 6 GHz. The supported bandwidth has expanded from 20 MHz to 320 MHz, with continuous improvements in spectrum efficiency and throughput. The next generation of WLAN technology will further enhance its physical layer capabilities by introducing millimeter wave bands such as 45 GHz and 60 GHz.

[0004] 802.11ay is a protocol suitable for high frequencies and has four pilot numbers: 16, 36, 56, and 76. The pilot numbers in this protocol can be composed of either a 16-bit orthogonal sequence or a 12-bit orthogonal sequence, both of which maintain orthogonality.

[0005] However, the multi-stream pilot generation method in the 802.11ay protocol results in low utilization of processing circuits.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and apparatus that can effectively improve the utilization rate of processing circuits.

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which is applied to a first communication device, where the first communication device may include a WLAN device or a chip or functional module provided in the WLAN device, and the method includes:

[0009] Generate a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU), the PPDU including a data field, a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and Nss group pilot initial values, at least two groups of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group pilot initial values ​​are different, each group of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group pilot initial values ​​includes M pilot initial values, M is greater than 6, the value of Nss is the same as the total number of spatial streams used to transmit the PPDU, and Nss is a positive integer; and send the PPDU.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, when sending a PPDU, the first communication device can use the Nss group pilot initial value and the PPDU bandwidth to determine the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field in the PPDU, and each group of pilot initial values ​​includes M pilot initial values, where M is greater than 6. Thus, the first communication device obtains the pilot value of the data field using a generation method similar to that of the low-frequency band PPDU, effectively improving the utilization of the processing circuit. Exemplarily, when the first communication device sends a PPDU in a high-frequency band, the high-frequency band PPDU can reuse the baseband of the low-frequency band PPDU, thereby further improving the utilization of the processing circuit (such as the baseband).

[0011] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which is applied to a second communication device, where the second communication device may include a WLAN device or a chip or functional module provided in the WLAN device, and the method includes:

[0012] Receive a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, where the PPDU includes a data field, where a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and an Nss group of pilot initial values, where at least two groups of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​are different, where each group of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​includes M pilot initial values, where M is greater than 6, where the value of Nss is the same as the total number of spatial streams used to transmit the PPDU, and where Nss is a positive integer; and parse the PPDU.

[0013] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which is applied to a first communication device, where the first communication device may include a WLAN device or a chip or functional module provided in the WLAN device, and the method includes:

[0014] Generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), the PPDU comprising a data field, a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field being determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and Nss spatial streams for transmitting the PPDU, the pilot value carried by each of the Nss spatial streams corresponding to the pilot value carried by each of the M pilot subcarriers, where M is an integer greater than 6; and transmitting the PPDU. Alternatively, the above-mentioned communication method can also be described from the following aspects: generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), the PPDU comprising a data field, a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field being determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and M pilot subcarriers in the bandwidth, the pilot value carried by each of the M pilot subcarriers corresponding to the pilot value carried by each of the Nss spatial streams for transmitting the PPDU, where M is an integer greater than 6; and transmitting the PPDU.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which is applied to a second communication device, where the second communication device may include a WLAN device or a chip or functional module provided in the WLAN device, and the method includes:

[0016] The method further comprises: receiving a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a data field, wherein a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and Nss spatial streams for transmitting the PPDU, wherein the pilot value carried by each of the Nss spatial streams corresponds to a pilot value carried by each of the M pilot subcarriers; and parsing the PPDU. Alternatively, the communication method may also be described from the following aspects: receiving a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a data field, wherein a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and M pilot subcarriers in the bandwidth, wherein the pilot value carried by each of the M pilot subcarriers corresponds to a pilot value carried by each of the Nss spatial streams for transmitting the PPDU, where M is greater than 6; and parsing the PPDU.

[0017] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, M=8, 12, 16, 20, 24.

[0018] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, Nss is a positive integer less than or equal to 8.

[0019] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, the bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU is different, and the value of M is different.

[0020] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, when M=8, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table:

[0021] Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,7 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the eighth pilot subcarrier in the eight pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss, where the value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8.

[0022] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, when M=8, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table:

[0023] Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,7 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the eighth pilot subcarrier in the eight pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss, where the value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8.

[0024] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, when M=12, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table:

[0025] Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,11 The pilot initial values ​​of the first to twelfth pilot subcarriers in the 12 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss are sequentially represented. The value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8.

[0026] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, when M=16, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table:

[0027] Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~ represents Ψ iss,15The pilot initial values ​​of the first to sixteenth pilot subcarriers in the 16 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss are sequentially represented. The value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8.

[0028] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, when M=20, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table:

[0029] Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,19 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the twentieth pilot subcarrier of the 20 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss, where the value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8.

[0030] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, when M=24, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table:

[0031] Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,23 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the twenty-fourth pilot subcarrier in the 24 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss, where the value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8.

[0032] In combination with the above aspects, in a possible implementation, when M=24, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table:

[0033] Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,23 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the twenty-fourth pilot subcarrier in the 24 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss, where the value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8.

[0034] In combination with the above aspects, in one possible implementation, the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on the bandwidth of the PPDU transmitted, the Nss group pilot initial value, and the symbol index of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol included in the data field.

[0035] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first communication device for executing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation. The first communication device includes a module for executing the method in the first aspect, the third aspect, or any possible implementation.

[0036] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second communication device for executing the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation. The second communication device includes a module for executing the method in the second aspect, the fourth aspect, or any possible implementation.

[0037] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first communication device, comprising a processor configured to execute the method described in the first aspect, the third aspect, or any possible implementation. The processor is configured to execute a program stored in a memory, and when the program is executed, the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation is executed.

[0038] In a possible implementation, the memory is located outside the first communication device.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the memory is located within the first communication device.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, the processor and the memory may also be integrated into one device, that is, the processor and the memory may also be integrated together. For example, the first communication device may be a chip.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the first communication device further includes a transceiver, where the transceiver is configured to receive information or send information (such as PPDU).

[0042] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second communication device, comprising a processor configured to execute the method described in the second aspect, the fourth aspect, or any possible implementation. The processor is configured to execute a program stored in a memory, and when the program is executed, the method described in the second aspect, the fourth aspect, or any possible implementation is executed.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the memory is located outside the second communication device.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the memory is located within the second communication device.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the processor and the memory may also be integrated into one device, that is, the processor and the memory may also be integrated together. Exemplarily, the second communication device may be a chip.

[0046] In a possible implementation, the second communication device further includes a transceiver, where the transceiver is configured to receive information (such as PPDU) or send information.

[0047] In the ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first communication device, which includes a logic circuit and an interface, and the logic circuit and the interface are coupled; the interface is used to input and / or output information, and the logic circuit is used to execute the method described in the first aspect, the third aspect or any possible implementation method.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the interface being used to output information includes: the interface being used to output a PPDU. Exemplarily, the logic circuit is used to generate a PPDU.

[0049] In the tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second communication device, which includes a logic circuit and an interface, and the logic circuit and the interface are coupled; the interface is used to input and / or output information, and the logic circuit is used to execute the method described in the second aspect, the fourth aspect or any possible implementation method.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the interface being used to input information includes: the interface being used to input a PPDU. Exemplarily, the logic circuit is used to parse the PPDU.

[0051] In the eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store a computer program. When the computer program is run on a computer, the method shown in the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or any possible implementation method is executed.

[0052] In the twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or computer code, and when it runs on a computer, enables the method shown in the above-mentioned first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or any possible implementation method to be executed.

[0053] In a thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program. When the computer program runs on a computer, the method shown in the above-mentioned first aspect, second aspect, third aspect, fourth aspect or any possible implementation is executed.

[0054] In a fourteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes a first communication device and a second communication device.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the first communication device is used to execute the method shown in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second communication device is used to execute the method shown in the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the first communication device is used to execute the method shown in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, and the second communication device is used to execute the method shown in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG2 is a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG3a is a schematic diagram of a format of a UHR PPDU provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG3 b is a schematic diagram of the format of an IMMW PPDU provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG4a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pilot subcarriers provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG4b is a schematic diagram of another distribution of pilot subcarriers provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG4c is a schematic diagram of distribution of another pilot subcarrier provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG4 d is a schematic diagram of distribution of another pilot subcarrier provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG4e is a schematic diagram of distribution of another pilot subcarrier provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used only to distinguish different objects and are not used to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units that are inherent to the process, method, product, or device.

[0071] References to "embodiments" herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to independent or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It will be understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0072] In this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, "more than one" means two or more, "at least two (items)" means two or three and more than three, and "and / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. "Or" means that two relationships can exist, such as only A exists, only B exists; when A and B are not mutually exclusive, it can also mean that three relationships exist, such as only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c".

[0073] The embodiment of the present application provides a communication method and apparatus that can effectively improve the utilization rate of a processing circuit (such as a baseband). In the embodiment of the present application, the generation method of the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field in the PPDU is close to the generation method of the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field in the low-frequency band PPDU (such as the PPDU transmitted in the low-frequency band), so that the circuit for processing the PPDU shown in the embodiment of the present application can effectively reuse the circuit for processing the low-frequency band PPDU, thereby improving the utilization rate of the processing circuit. Furthermore, when the PPDU shown in the embodiment of the present application is transmitted on a high frequency band, the high-frequency band PPDU can reuse the processing circuit of the low-frequency band PPDU, thereby improving the utilization rate of the processing circuit.

[0074] The following introduces the communication system involved in the embodiments of the present application.

[0075] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to WLAN systems, such as Wi-Fi, etc. The methods provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the IEEE 802.11 series of protocols, such as the 802.11be protocol, the 802.11bn protocol, or the next generation of the 802.11bn protocol, etc., which are not listed one by one. The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to wireless personal area networks (WPANs) based on millimeter wave (MMW) and ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies. The methods provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the IEEE 802.15 series of protocols, such as the 802.15.4a protocol, the 802.15.4z protocol, or the 802.15.4ab protocol, or a future generation of UWB WPAN protocols, etc., which are not listed one by one. The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to the following communication systems, for example, the Internet of Things (IoT) system, the Vehicle to X (V2X) system, the Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, the fifth generation (5G) communication system, and new communication systems that will emerge in the future development of communications.

[0076] WLAN systems can provide high-speed and low-latency transmission. As WLAN application scenarios continue to evolve, WLAN systems will be applied to more scenarios or industries, such as the Internet of Things industry, the Internet of Vehicles industry, the banking industry, corporate offices, sports stadiums and exhibition halls, concert halls, hotel rooms, dormitories, wards, classrooms, supermarkets, squares, streets, production workshops and warehouses, etc. Of course, devices that support WLAN communication or perception (such as access points or stations) can be sensor nodes in smart cities (such as smart water meters, smart electricity meters, and smart air detection nodes), smart devices in smart homes (such as smart cameras, projectors, displays, TVs, speakers, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.), nodes in the Internet of Things, entertainment terminals (such as wearable devices such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)), smart devices in smart offices (such as printers, projectors, loudspeakers, speakers, etc.), Internet of Vehicles devices, infrastructure in daily life scenarios (such as vending machines, self-service navigation counters in supermarkets, self-service checkout equipment, self-service ordering machines, etc.), and equipment in large sports and music venues.

[0077] Although the embodiments of the present application mainly take WLAN as an example, especially the network applied to the IEEE 802.11 series of standards. The embodiments of the present application can support Wi-Fi 8, which can also be called ultra high reliability (UHR) or ultra high reliability and throughput (UHRT), which are not listed here one by one. The various aspects involved in the embodiments of the present application can be extended to other networks that adopt various standards or protocols. For example, Bluetooth, high performance radio LAN (HIPERLAN) (a wireless standard similar to the IEEE 802.11 standard, mainly used in Europe) and wide area network (WAN) or other networks now known or developed later.

[0078] In one possible implementation, the method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by a communication device in a communication system. For example, the communication device may be an access point (AP) or a station (STA).

[0079] An AP is a device with wireless communication capabilities that supports communication or sensing using WLAN protocols. It has the ability to communicate or sense with other devices in a WLAN network (such as non-AP STAs or other access points). Of course, it can also have the ability to communicate or sense with other devices. Alternatively, an access point acts as a bridge between a wired network and a wireless network, primarily connecting wireless network clients and then connecting the wireless network to the Ethernet. In a WLAN system, an access point can be referred to as an access point station (AP STA). This device with wireless communication capabilities can be a complete device, or a chip, processing system, or functional module installed in the complete device. Devices equipped with these chips, processing systems, or functional modules can implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application under the control of these chips, processing systems, or functional modules. The AP in the embodiments of the present application is a device that provides services for non-AP STAs and can support the 802.11 series of protocols or subsequent protocols. For example, an access point can be an access point for a terminal (such as a mobile phone) to access a wired (or wireless) network. It is primarily deployed in homes, buildings, and campuses, with a typical coverage radius of tens to hundreds of meters. Of course, it can also be deployed outdoors. For another example, an AP may be a communication entity such as a communication server, router, switch, or bridge; an AP may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, and relay stations. Of course, an AP may also be a chip, processing system, or module in any of the aforementioned devices, thereby implementing the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0080] A STA is a device with wireless communication capabilities that supports communication or perception using the WLAN protocol and has the ability to communicate or perceive other non-AP STAs or access points in the WLAN network. In a WLAN system, a station can be referred to as a non-access point station (non-AP STA). For example, a STA is any user communication device that allows a user to communicate or perceive with an AP and then communicate with a WLAN. The device with wireless communication capabilities can be a complete device, or a chip, processing system, or functional module installed in the complete device. The device installed with these chips, processing systems, or functional modules can implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application under the control of the chip, processing system, or functional module. For example, a STA can be a wireless communication chip, a wireless sensor, or a wireless communication terminal, and can also be referred to as a user. For another example, a STA can be a mobile phone that supports Wi-Fi communication capabilities, a tablet that supports Wi-Fi communication capabilities, a set-top box that supports Wi-Fi communication capabilities, a smart TV that supports Wi-Fi communication capabilities, a smart wearable device that supports Wi-Fi communication capabilities, an in-vehicle communication device that supports Wi-Fi communication capabilities, and a computer that supports Wi-Fi communication capabilities. Of course, STA can also be a chip, processing system, or module in the various forms of devices mentioned above, so as to implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0081] Exemplarily, the communication system to which the method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied may include access points and stations. For example, the embodiments of the present application may be applicable to scenarios of communication or perception between APs and STAs, between APs and APs, or between STAs and STAs in a WLAN, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. Optionally, the AP may communicate or perceive with a single STA, or the AP may communicate or perceive with multiple STAs simultaneously. Specifically, communication or perception between the AP and multiple STAs can be further divided into downlink transmission in which the AP sends signals to multiple STAs simultaneously, and uplink transmission in which multiple STAs send signals to the AP. WLAN communication protocols may be supported between the AP and STAs, between APs and APs, and between STAs. The communication protocols may include IEEE 802.11 series protocols, such as 802.11n / 802.11ac / 802.11ax / 802.11be / 802.11bn protocols, and of course, also applicable to protocols after 802.11bn.

[0082] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication system may include one or more APs and one or more STAs. Figure 1 shows an access point such as AP1, and three stations such as STA1, STA2, and STA3. Exemplarily, the method provided in an embodiment of the present application may be applicable to data communication between an AP and one or more STAs (such as the communication between AP1 and STA1 as shown in Figure 1, or the communication between AP1 and STA1 and STA2), or applicable to communication between APs (such as the communication between AP1 and AP2 as shown in Figure 1), or applicable to communication between STAs (such as the communication between STA2 and STA3 as shown in Figure 1). The method provided in an embodiment of the present application may be applicable to, but not limited to: single-user uplink / downlink transmission, multi-user uplink / downlink transmission, vehicle-to-everything (V2X, X can represent anything), and device-to-device (D2D). For example, the V2X may include: vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.

[0083] It is understood that the example of a mobile phone as a STA and a router as an AP in Figure 1 does not limit the types of APs and STAs in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, Figure 1 only illustrates one AP and three STAs, but the number of APs or STAs can be greater or less, and this is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0084] From the perspectives of sending and receiving PPDUs, the first communication device described below can be understood as a communication device that sends PPDUs, and the second communication device can be understood as a communication device that receives PPDUs. As an example, the first communication device and the second communication device can be Wi-Fi chips, functional modules, or processing systems, etc., provided in different Wi-Fi devices. As another example, the first communication device can be an AP, and the second communication device can be an STA. As another example, the first communication device and the second communication device can both be STAs or both APs. As another example, the first communication device can be a STA, and the second communication device can be an AP. As another example, at least one of the first communication device and the second communication device can be a multi-link device (MLD), etc., which will not be listed one by one in the embodiments of this application. Exemplarily, a multi-link device (MLD) refers to a device that simultaneously has multiple stations (such as APs or non-AP STAs), each operating on different frequency bands or channels. A multi-link device includes multiple subordinate stations, which can be physical stations or logical stations. Each station can operate on a link, a frequency band, or a channel, etc. The above-mentioned affiliated sites may be APs or non-AP STAs. A multi-link device (such as a non-AP MLD or an AP MLD) may be a communication device with wireless communication capabilities. The communication device may be a complete device, or may be a chip, processing system, or module installed in the complete device. Devices installed with these chips, processing systems, or modules may implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application under the control of these chips, processing systems, or modules. The multi-link device may implement wireless communication in accordance with the 802.11 series of protocols, thereby enabling communication with other devices. The other devices shown here may be multi-link devices or may not be multi-link devices. The frequency bands in which the multi-link device operates may include, but are not limited to, sub 1GHz, 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz, etc., which are not listed here one by one.

[0085] It can be understood that the embodiment of the present application describes the method provided by the embodiment of the present application based on the first communication device and the second communication device. However, during the process of transmitting the PPDU, the first communication device and the second communication device can also forward the PPDU through other devices, such as forwarding the PPDU between the first communication device and the second communication device through a forwarding device. The embodiment of the present application does not limit other devices other than the first communication device and the second communication device.

[0086] FIG2 is a flow chart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The relevant description of the first communication device and the second communication device involved in the method can be referred to FIG1 and will not be described in detail here. As shown in FIG2, the method includes:

[0087] 201. A first communications device generates a PPDU, where the PPDU may include a data field. A pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on a PPDU bandwidth and Nss groups of pilot initial values, where at least two groups of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss groups are different, and each group of pilot initial values ​​may include M pilot initial values.

[0088] From the perspective of the time domain, the PPDU can occupy one or more (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM) symbols. Each OFDM symbol can correspond to a symbol index. The PPDU may include a preamble field and a data field. Among them, the data field occupies n OFDM symbols, such as the index of the first OFDM symbol in the data field can be 0, the index of the second OFDM symbol can be 1, and so on. The starting index 0 of the symbol index of the OFDM symbol occupied by the data field listed here is only an example. For example, the starting index of the symbol index can also be 1, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The above n = 0, 1, ..., N SYM -1. Among them, the total number of OFDM symbols occupied by the data field is N SYM . N SYM is a positive integer. In a specific implementation, an OFDM symbol may also be referred to as a symbol, and an OFDM symbol index may also be referred to as a symbol index. The index of an OFDM symbol occupied by a data field may also be referred to as a data symbol index, etc. Other names for the above terms are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0089] From the perspective of the frequency domain, the bandwidth for transmitting a PPDU may include multiple subcarriers. The multiple subcarriers may include data subcarriers, pilot subcarriers, DC subcarriers, and guard subcarriers. The bandwidth for transmitting a PPDU may be related to the subcarrier spacing and the number of subcarriers. Exemplarily, the bandwidth for transmitting a PPDU = subcarrier spacing * number of subcarriers. For example, if the number of subcarriers is 128 and the subcarrier spacing is 2.5 MHz, the bandwidth for transmitting a PPDU is 128 * 2.5 MHz = 320 MHz. For another example, if the number of subcarriers is 128 and the subcarrier spacing is 5 MHz, the bandwidth for transmitting a PPDU is 128 * 5 MHz = 640 MHz. For another example, if the number of subcarriers is 256 and the subcarrier spacing is 2.5 MHz, the bandwidth for transmitting a PPDU is 256 * 2.5 MHz = 640 MHz. For other values ​​of the number of subcarriers and the subcarrier spacing, the embodiments of the present application will not list them one by one. As standards progress, the bandwidth used to transmit high-frequency PPDUs may become larger or take more values, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0090] Based on the above description of the time domain and frequency domain, for the data field, each OFDM symbol in the data field can correspond to a data subcarrier, a pilot subcarrier, a DC subcarrier, and a guard subcarrier. The bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU can also be referred to as the PPDU bandwidth, the effective bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU, or the effective bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU, etc., which are not listed here. Exemplarily, the number of subcarriers can be equal to the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) size (IDFT size) or the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. The IDFT size can be the number of points of the inverse discrete Fourier transform. The DFT size can be the number of points of the discrete Fourier transform.

[0091] From the perspective of the spatial domain (or simply the air domain), each spatial stream transmitting a PPDU can correspond to the above-mentioned multiple subcarriers. Each spatial stream transmitting a PPDU can correspond to all subcarriers within the PPDU bandwidth. Each subcarrier can carry data for each spatial stream. Based on the above description of spatial streams and the number of subcarriers, if the total number of subcarriers included in the PPDU bandwidth is N, then each spatial stream can correspond to N subcarriers. Exemplarily, the value of Nss can be the same as the total number of spatial streams transmitting the PPDU. The N subcarriers include M pilot subcarriers, and each pilot subcarrier in the M pilot subcarriers can carry pilot values ​​on Nss spatial streams. Since the data field corresponds to M pilot subcarriers, each pilot subcarrier can carry Nss pilot values, so the data field can correspond to Nss*M pilot values. Wherein, Nss is a positive integer. M is greater than 6.

[0092] This embodiment of the present application uses spatial streams as an example for illustration. In specific implementations, different space-time streams can also be used to transmit PPDUs. Based on the relationship between space-time streams and spatial streams, the methods provided in this embodiment of the present application are also applicable to situations where different space-time streams are used to transmit PPDUs. When different space-time streams are used to transmit PPDUs, the relevant description of the pilot values ​​carried by the pilot subcarriers corresponding to the data field can be adapted to refer to the following text.

[0093] In this embodiment of the present application, the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field can be determined based on the PPDU bandwidth and the initial value of the Nss group pilot. The following details:

[0094] At least two groups of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​are different. For example, one group of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​is different from another group of pilot initial values. If the M pilot initial values ​​in a group of pilot initial values ​​are represented as a sequence comprising M elements, then the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​can correspond to Nss sequences, and any two of these Nss sequences are different. Each group of pilot initial values ​​can correspond to a spatial stream. The embodiments of the present application can adopt multi-stream pilots to support separate phase offset estimation for each spatial stream. The pilot values ​​carried on the pilot subcarriers of each spatial stream corresponding to the data field are different. Different spatial streams use different groups of pilot initial values, and each spatial stream can perform phase offset estimation independently, which can improve the accuracy of phase offset estimation, thereby performing more precise phase offset correction, thereby improving data demodulation accuracy and reducing packet error rate.

[0095] Each group of pilot initial values ​​may include M pilot initial values. The value of M may be related to the PPDU bandwidth. Generally speaking, the total number of subcarriers N is different, and the number of pilot subcarriers M in the N subcarriers will also be different. For example, the value of N may be different for different PPDU bandwidths, and thus the value of M will be different. For example, for the same subcarrier spacing, the value of N may be different for different PPDU bandwidths, and thus the value of M will be different. For another example, for the same Nss and subcarrier spacing, the Nss group pilot initial value when the PPDU bandwidth is x may be different from the Nss group pilot initial value when the PPDU bandwidth is y. Both x and y are positive integers, and the specific values ​​of x and y are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0096] For example, M = 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24. The M listed here represents the total number of pilot subcarriers in the PPDU bandwidth. Specific values ​​of N are not listed here. For example, if the PPDU bandwidth is 160 MHz or 320 MHz, M = 8. For another example, if the PPDU bandwidth is 320 MHz or 640 MHz, M = 12. For another example, if the PPDU bandwidth is 640 MHz or 1280 MHz, M = 16. For another example, if the PPDU bandwidth is 1280 MHz or 2560 MHz, M = 20 or M = 24, etc., are not listed here.

[0097] The pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field may correspond to the pilot value carried by each spatial stream in the Nss spatial streams on the pilot subcarrier. If the number of pilot values ​​carried by each spatial stream on the pilot subcarrier is M, then the number of pilot values ​​carried by the Nss spatial streams on the pilot subcarrier is Nss*M, and the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is Nss*M. Alternatively, the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field may correspond to the pilot value carried by each pilot subcarrier in the M pilot subcarriers on the Nss spatial streams. If each pilot subcarrier carries the pilot values ​​for Nss spatial streams, then the number of pilot values ​​carried by the M pilot subcarriers is M*Nss, and the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is Nss*M.

[0098] The following describes the process of generating the pilot values ​​carried by the pilot subcarriers for each spatial stream. The process of generating the pilot values ​​carried by the pilot subcarriers may be related to the pilot initial value, scrambling method, and shifting method. This is described in detail below.

[0099] The initial values ​​of the M pilots corresponding to different streams can be expressed as follows: iss,0 ,Ψ iss,1 ,Ψ iss,2 ,Ψ iss,3 ,…,Ψ iss,M (1)

[0100] Where iss represents the index of the spatial stream, and M represents the number of pilot subcarriers. Different iss values ​​can represent different spatial stream indices, and different spatial stream indices can correspond to different groups of pilot initial values.

[0101] The pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on the PPDU bandwidth, the initial value of the Nss group pilot, and the symbol index of the OFDM symbol included in the data field. For example, for the nth OFDM symbol in the data field, the pilot value carried by its pilot subcarrier can be as shown in formula (2): [Ψ iss,nmodM Ψ iss,(n+1)modM Ψ iss,(n+2)modM Ψ iss,(n+3)modM …,Ψiss,(n+M-1)modM ] (2)

[0102] The relationship between the OFDM symbol index n and the total number of pilot subcarriers M shown in formula (2) may be a shifting method of the pilot value. Alternatively, the relationship between the OFDM symbol index n, the total number of pilot subcarriers M, the spatial stream indexes iss, and Nss shown in formula (2) may be a shifting method of the pilot value.

[0103] For example, M = 12. For the first spatial stream (e.g., iss = 1), the pilot value of the first OFDM symbol (n = 0) of the data field is as shown in formula (3): [Ψ 1,0mod12 Ψ 1,1mod12 Ψ 1,2mod12 Ψ 1,3mod12 …,Ψ 1,11mod12 ] (3)

[0104] Formula (3) can also be equivalent to formula (4): [Ψ 1,0 Ψ 1,1 Ψ 1,2 Ψ 1,3 …,Ψ 1,11 ] (4)

[0105] For the second spatial stream (iss=1), the pilot value of the first OFDM symbol of the data field can be as shown in formula (5): [Ψ 2,0 Ψ 2,1 Ψ 2,2 Ψ 2,3 …,Ψ 2,11 ] (5)

[0106] And so on, they are not shown here one by one.

[0107] From formula (4) and formula (5), it can be seen that even for the same OFDM symbol, the pilot values ​​carried on different spatial streams will be different. For the description of the pilot initial values, please refer to Tables 3 to 10 below, which will not be described in detail here.

[0108] For the first spatial stream, the pilot value of the second OFDM symbol (n=1) of the data field can be as shown in formula (6): [Ψ 1,1mod12 Ψ 1,2mod12 Ψ 1,3mod12 Ψ 1,4mod12 …,Ψ 1,12mod12 ] (6)

[0109] Formula (6) can also be equivalent to formula (7): [Ψ 1,1 Ψ 1,2 Ψ 1,3 Ψ1,4 …Ψ 1,11 ,Ψ 1,0 ] (7)

[0110] It can be seen from formula (1), formula (4) and formula (7) that for the same spatial stream, the pilot initial values ​​used by different OFDM symbols are the same, but the pilot values ​​carried by different OFDM symbols are different.

[0111] After determining the pilot value on the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field, the pilot value on the pilot subcarrier may be scrambled. For example, the first communication device may scramble the pilot value based on the p sequence. The scrambling method may be as follows: multiply the pilot value by p n+K When the first element in the p sequence is p0, p n+K Represents the n+K+1th element of the p sequence. The value of K mentioned above is related to the number of OFDM symbols occupied by the leading part in the PPDU. Exemplarily, the value of K may be related to the number of OFDM symbols occupied by the SIG field in the PPDU. For example, the value of K may be related to the total number of OFDM symbols occupied by the L-SIG field and the first SIG field in the PPDU. The first SIG field may be related to the specific format of the PPDU in each standard, such as the first SIG field may be a UHR-SIG field, or an IMMW-SIG field, or an EHT-SIG field or a VHT-SIG field, etc., which are not listed here one by one. If the total number of OFDM symbols occupied by the L-SIG field and the first SIG field in the PPDU is 4, then K may be equal to 4. When referring to specific examples below, K=4 is used as an example for explanation.

[0112] Exemplarily, the p sequence is a cyclic extension sequence comprising 127 elements, such as p 0…126={1,1,1,1,– ... The p-sequence shown here is only an example. As the standard progresses, the p-sequence may change, and the sequence used to scramble the pilot values ​​of the pilot subcarriers (as well as the n+5th element of the p-sequence) may change. Therefore, the above p-sequence should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0113] Taking the above formula (4) and formula (7) as an example, for the first spatial stream, the pilot value carried by the M pilot subcarriers corresponding to the first OFDM symbol (n=0) in the data field is [Ψ 1,0 Ψ 1,1 Ψ 1,2 Ψ 1,3 …,Ψ 1,11 ]*p4. The pilot values ​​carried by the M pilot subcarriers corresponding to the second OFDM symbol (n=1) in the data field are [Ψ 1,1 Ψ 1,2 Ψ 1,3 Ψ 1,4 …Ψ 1,11 ,Ψ 1,0 ]*p5. The pilot values ​​carried by the M pilot subcarriers corresponding to the third OFDM symbol (n=2) are [Ψ 1,2 Ψ 1,3 Ψ 1,4 Ψ 1,5 …Ψ 1,0 ,Ψ 1,1 ]*p6. And so on, I will not list them one by one here.

[0114] As an example, the above step 201 can also be described from the following aspects: the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field can be determined based on the PPDU bandwidth and the Nss spatial streams transmitting the PPDU, and the pilot value carried by each spatial stream corresponds to the pilot value carried on each pilot subcarrier in the M pilot subcarriers.

[0115] As another example, the above step 201 can also be described from the following aspects: the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field can be determined based on the PPDU bandwidth and the M pilot subcarriers in the PPDU bandwidth, and the pilot value carried by each pilot subcarrier in the M pilot subcarriers corresponds to the pilot value on each spatial stream in the Nss spatial streams transmitting the PPDU.

[0116] As another example, the above step 201 can also be described from the following aspects: the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on the PPDU bandwidth, the Nss spatial streams transmitting the PPDU, and the M pilot subcarriers in the PPDU bandwidth.

[0117] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the description of the M pilot initial values, PPDU bandwidth, Nss spatial streams, and pilot values ​​carried by the pilot subcarriers corresponding to the data field shown in formula (1). However, any pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field that is determined based on the above formulas (1) to (7) and the relevant content of the p sequence falls within the scope of protection of the embodiment of the present application.

[0118] The above shows the method for generating the pilot subcarriers corresponding to the data field in the PPDU. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the method for generating the data subcarriers corresponding to the data field.

[0119] The format of the PPDU is exemplarily shown below.

[0120] Figure 3a is a format diagram of a UHR PPDU provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3a, the UHR PPDU may include at least one of the following: legacy short training field (L-STF), legacy long training field (L-LTF), legacy signaling (L-SIG), repeated legacy signaling (repeated L-SIG, RL-SIG), universal signaling (U-SIG), UHR-SIG, UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, data field, packet extension (PE). Exemplarily, L-STF can be used for PPDU discovery, coarse synchronization, automatic gain control, etc. L-LTF can be used for fine synchronization, channel estimation, etc. L-SIG and RL-SIG can be used to carry information related to the PPDU length, and the repetition of these two fields is also used for automatic detection of the second communication device. The U-SIG field can carry signaling for demodulating subsequent data. The UHR-SIG field can be used to carry signaling for demodulating subsequent data. The UHR-STF can be used for automatic gain control in subsequent fields. The UHR-LTF can be used for channel estimation. The data field can be used to carry data information. The PE can be used to increase receiver processing time.

[0121] The above specific descriptions of each field are only examples. In specific implementations, each field may have more or fewer functions, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0122] The PPDU shown in the embodiment of the present application can be applicable to the millimeter wave frequency band, such as the IMMW standard, and the PPDU can be called IMMW PPDU or IMMW MU PPDU. Figure 3b is a format diagram of an IMMW PPDU provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3b, the IMMW PPDU may include at least one of the following: L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, IMMW-SIG field, IMMW-STF, IMMW-LTF, data field, PE. For the specific description of each field, please refer to Figure 3a, which will not be described in detail here.

[0123] The fields included in the UHR PPDU shown in Figure 3a and the IMMW PPDU shown in Figure 3b and the order of the fields are only examples and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0124] For example, the UHR-LTF or IMMW-LTF in the PPDU shown in the embodiment of the present application may not be configured with a pilot. In the embodiment of the present application, the data portion of the PPDU can use multi-stream pilots to estimate the phase offset for each spatial stream separately. The LTF portion of the PPDU is not configured with a pilot, that is, no phase offset estimation and correction is performed. For shorter LTFs, this not only reduces the workload of the receiving end, but also does not excessively increase the channel estimation error due to the lack of pilot configuration.

[0125] 202. The first communication device sends the PPDU, and correspondingly, the second communication device receives the PPDU.

[0126] As an example, the first communication device may send the PPDU in a high frequency band. The high frequency band may be a band between 42.5 GHz and 71 GHz, or a band greater than or equal to (super) 45 GHz. The specific frequency band value involved in the high frequency band is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

[0127] As another example, the first communication device may also send the PPDU in a low frequency band.

[0128] 203. The second communication device parses the PPDU.

[0129] If the second communication device detects the traditional preamble of the PPDU (the field before the U-SIG field as shown in Figures 3a and 3b), the format to which the PPDU belongs is obtained. For example, the second communication device can obtain the frame format corresponding to the PPDU based on the traditional preamble, or obtain that the PPDU is a UHR PPDU or an IMW PPDU, etc. By detecting the preamble of the PPDU (such as including the traditional preamble and the preamble related to UHR), the second communication device can effectively demodulate the data field of the PPDU. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific description of step 203. Step 203 can also be described from the following aspects: the second communication device detects the PPDU, or the second communication device processes the PPDU, or the second communication device detects and demodulates the PPDU, etc.

[0130] Exemplarily, when the second communication device parses the PPDU, it can obtain the number of spatial streams Nss of the transmitted PPDU from the SIG field in the PPDU. For example, the SIG field may include a U-SIG field or a first SIG field, etc. The first SIG field may include a UHR-SIG field or an IMMW-SIG field, etc. The specific position or name of the first SIG field is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. Exemplarily, the second communication device can also use its stored Nss group pilot initial value to perform phase deviation estimation. Exemplarily, the phase deviation estimation steps can be as follows: the signal sent by the first communication device can be Q×p n+K The second communication device obtains the received signal y carried on the pilot subcarrier, whose dimension can be M×1 (for example only, it can also be 1×M). Then the second communication device constructs the matrix Q through its stored Nss group sequence (i.e., the Nss group pilot initial value). The constructed matrix Q has a dimension of M×Nss (for example only, it can also be Nss×M). The signal y received by the second communication device can be as follows: h1 to h M The second communication device estimates the channel information based on the LTF part by calculating the conjugate transpose Q of the matrix Q. H ×y, then eliminate the channel information and p n+K The influence of θ1 to θ2 can be obtained from the phase shift of each spatial stream, as shown in the following formula. M The phase deviation estimation steps shown here are only examples, and the specific steps of phase deviation estimation are not limited in the present embodiment. In the following formula, n0 represents noise.

[0131] In an embodiment of the present application, when the first communication device sends a PPDU, it can use the Nss group pilot initial value and the PPDU bandwidth to determine the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field, and each group of pilot initial values ​​includes M pilot initial values, where M is greater than 6. Thus, the first communication device can obtain the pilot value of the data field using a generation method similar to that of the low-frequency band PPDU, so that the PPDU shown in the embodiment of the present application can reuse the baseband of the low-frequency band PPDU, effectively improving the utilization of the processing circuit. For example, when the first communication device sends a PPDU in a high-frequency band, the high-frequency band PPDU can reuse the baseband of the low-frequency band PPDU, thereby further improving the utilization of the processing circuit (such as the baseband).

[0132] The PPDU shown in this embodiment uses a similar generation method as the low-band PPDU to obtain the pilot value representation of the data field: the process of generating the pilot value from the pilot initial value is a shift and scrambling process of the pilot initial value, and the shifting and scrambling methods of the pilot initial value are the same. In this embodiment of the present invention, different pilot initial values ​​are used for each spatial stream.

[0133] The current 802.11ay protocol also uses multi-stream pilots. In this protocol, the pilot values ​​are generated by phase shifting, as shown in formula (8):

[0134] in, Indicates the value of the orthogonal pilot sequence, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, N sp Indicates the number of pilot subcarriers, k indicates the kth pilot subcarrier, i STS Indicates the index of the spatial stream. W(i STS ,n)×(2×p(n)-1) represents the generation of phase shift, and p(n) is a sequence of 0 and 1 from the scrambler.

[0135] For example, W(i STS ,n) is shown in formula (9):

[0136] The above formula (9) is related to the number of streams and symbols. The phase shift is used to randomize the values ​​of the pilot subcarriers to avoid circuit implementation problems caused by spectral lines.

[0137] Table 1

[0138] Table 2

[0139] It can be seen from formula (8) and formula (9) that the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field in the PPDU in the 802.11ay protocol is quite different from that in the low-frequency protocol. The shifting method is completely different, and the scrambling method is also different, so the multiplexing of high and low frequency circuits is not utilized.

[0140] Currently, the 802.11n protocol also uses a multi-stream pilot mechanism. For example, taking a 20 MHz transmission bandwidth as an example, the 20 MHz bandwidth in the 802.11n protocol may include 64 subcarriers, of which 4 may be pilot subcarriers.

[0141] The four pilot initial values ​​can be: Among them, Nss represents the total number of streams, iss represents the stream index. For the nth OFDM symbol in the data field, the pilot value carried on its pilot subcarrier is

[0142] For example, Nss=2, for the second spatial stream, the symbol index n of the first OFDM symbol in the data field is 0, and its pilot value is The symbol index of the second OFDM symbol is n=1, and its pilot value is The symbol index of the third OFDM symbol is n=2, and its pilot value is After determining the pilot value, the pilot value can also be scrambled. For example, the pilot value can also be multiplied by p n+4 , n represents the symbol index of OFDM symbol, the starting symbol index is 0, p n+4 Represents the n+3th element of the p sequence, which is a cyclic extension of the 127-long sequence p 0…126 ={1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1, For the relevant description of the p sequence, please refer to the above step 201 and will not be described in detail here.

[0143] However, the number of spatial streams in the 802.11n protocol is less than or equal to 4, and the number of pilot subcarriers is 4 or 6. In subsequent standard protocols, the number of pilot subcarriers will be greater, and the number of spatial streams will also be greater. The embodiment of the present application not only provides the pilot initial value when the number of spatial streams is greater than 4 and the number of pilot subcarriers is greater than 6, but also the generation method of the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field in the embodiment of the present application is similar to that of the low-frequency protocol, with the same shifting method and the same scrambling method, thereby effectively multiplexing the processing circuit of the low-frequency band PPDU and improving the utilization of the processing circuit. Exemplarily, when the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the high-frequency protocol, it also realizes the multiplexing of high and low-frequency circuits, thereby further improving the utilization of the processing circuit (such as baseband).

[0144] The following is a detailed introduction to the Nss group pilot initial value provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0145] Example 1

[0146] Table 3 shows the pilot initial values ​​when there are 8 spatial streams and 8 pilot subcarriers.

[0147] As an example, the rows in Table 3 represent a set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the columns in Table 3 represent the values ​​of 8 pilot initial values ​​on 8 spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier.

[0148] For example, the spatial stream index may correspond to the row index in Table 3 (such as the sequence number shown in Table 3). The set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the spatial stream index iss may correspond to the pilot initial values ​​indicated by the iss-th row in Table 3. In this case, the sequence number shown in Table 3 may also be described as the spatial stream index iss. If iss = 2, the set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the second spatial stream among the Nss spatial streams may correspond to the pilot initial values ​​indicated by the second row in Table 3 (such as row index 2 in Table 3). When Nss is less than 8, the Nss set of pilot initial values ​​may be the pilot initial values ​​indicated by rows 1 through Nss in Table 3. If Nss = 2, the two sets of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the two spatial streams may be the set of pilot initial values ​​shown in row 1 and row 2 of Table 3. For another example, if Nss = 6, the six sets of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the six spatial streams may be the pilot initial values ​​shown in rows 1 through 6 of Table 3. For example, when Nss=8, the eight groups of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the eight spatial streams may correspond to the pilot initial values ​​shown in rows 1 to 8 in Table 3. In this example, the values ​​of X1 to X8 shown in Table 4 may be 1 to 8, respectively.

[0149] Taking the above formula (4) and formula (5) as an example, iss = 1. For the first spatial stream, the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the first OFDM symbol of the data field can be [1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 1] (the first row of Table 3) * p4. If iss = 2, for the second spatial stream, the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the first OFDM symbol of the data field can be [1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1] (the second row of Table 3) * p4. Taking formula (7) as an example, iss = 1. For the first spatial stream, the pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the second OFDM symbol of the data field can be [1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 1] (as shown in the first row of Table 3) * p5. For the pilot values ​​carried by the pilot subcarriers corresponding to the data field, please refer to the above formulas (1) to (7), which will not be listed here one by one.

[0150] For ease of description, in the following specific examples, the spatial stream index and the row index are used as an example for explanation.

[0151] For another example, the spatial stream index iss and the row index in Table 3 may not correspond sequentially. For example, the set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the first spatial stream may be the pilot initial values ​​shown in any row in Table 3, and the set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the second spatial stream may be the pilot initial values ​​shown in any of the remaining seven rows in Table 3, excluding the pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the first spatial stream. This is analogous and not listed here one by one.

[0152] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the relationship between each spatial stream and row in Table 3. For example, the table shown in Table 3 can also be described based on Table 4. The description of Table 4 is as follows.

[0153] As another example, the columns in Table 3 represent a set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the rows in Table 3 represent the eight pilot initial values ​​on the eight spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier. For further explanation of this example, refer to the above example and will not be detailed here.

[0154] Table 3

[0155] Combined with the above formula (1), when the rows in Table 3 represent a set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the columns in Table 3 represent the values ​​of the 8 pilot initial values ​​on the 8 spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier, Table 3 and Table 4 can be considered the same. iss,0 ~Ψ iss,7 Indicates the pilot initial values ​​for the first through eighth pilot subcarriers of the eight pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss. The value of iss is any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, or X8. X1 can be any value from 1 to 8, X2 can be any value from 1 to 8 except X1, X3 can be any value from 1 to 8 except X1 and X2, X4 can be any value from 1 to 8 except X1 to X3, X5 can be any value from 1 to 8 except X1 to X4, X6 can be any value from 1 to 8 except X1 to X5, X7 can be any value from 1 to 8 except X1 to X6, and X8 can be any value from 1 to 8 except X1 to X7.

[0156] For example, the values ​​of X1 to X8 can be 1 to 8, respectively. For example, if the spatial stream index iss is X1, and X1=1, then the set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the spatial stream index iss=1 is the set of pilot initial values ​​indicated by the row where X1 is located in Table 4. The same applies and is not listed here one by one.

[0157] For example, X1=2, X2=1, X3=3, X4=5, X5=4, X6=6, X7=8, X8=8, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not limit which values ​​1 to 8 X1 to X8 specifically correspond to. For example, if the spatial stream index is X1, and X1=2, then the set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the spatial stream index iss=2 is the set of pilot initial values ​​indicated in the row where X2 is located in Table 4.

[0158] Table 4

[0159] For other explanations about Table 3 and Table 4, please refer to the above formulas (1) to (7), etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0160] The eight sets of pilot initial values ​​shown in Tables 3 and 4 reuse the P matrix, a mutually orthogonal matrix. Reusing the P matrix not only effectively ensures accurate phase offset estimation but also saves storage space, avoids duplication of design, and simplifies implementation. As standards evolve, the P matrix may change. When the P matrix changes, the modified P matrix can also be applied to the pilot subcarriers in the data field. The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) when reusing the P matrix is ​​9.0309 dB.

[0161] For a signal sequence, PAPR refers to the ratio of the instantaneous peak power of the signal to the average power of the signal, which can be expressed by the following formula (10):

[0162] Among them, x i Represents the time domain discrete value of a signal in a signal sequence; It represents the maximum value of the square of the discrete time-domain value in the signal sequence, that is, the instantaneous power peak of the signal; It represents the average value of the square of discrete values ​​in the time domain, that is, the average value of signal power.

[0163] For more information about PAPR, please refer to the design principles below, which will not be described in detail here.

[0164] Example 2

[0165] Table 5 shows the pilot initial values ​​for 8 spatial streams and 8 pilot subcarriers. The rows in Table 5 represent a set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the columns in Table 5 represent the values ​​of the 8 pilot initial values ​​on the 8 spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier. iss,0 ~Ψ iss,7The initial pilot values ​​for the first through eighth pilot subcarriers of the eight pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss are sequentially represented. The value of iss can be any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, or X8. For details about X1 through X8, refer to Table 4 and are not detailed here.

[0166] As an example, the values ​​of X1 to X8 shown in Table 5 can be 1 to 8, respectively. That is, rows 1 to 8 in Table 5 can correspond to spatial stream indices iss 1 to iss 8, respectively. The set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the spatial stream index iss can correspond to the pilot initial values ​​indicated by the iss-th row in Table 5. If the spatial stream index iss is X1, and X1=1, then the set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the spatial stream index iss=1 is the set of pilot initial values ​​indicated by the row containing X1 in Table 5. As another example, X1 to X8 may not correspond to 1 to 8, such as X1=2, X2=1, X3=3, X4=5, X5=4, X6=6, X7=8, X8=8, etc., which are not described in detail here. If the spatial stream index is X1, and X1=2, then the set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the spatial stream index iss=2 is the set of pilot initial values ​​indicated by the row containing X2 in Table 5.

[0167] For the relevant description of Table 5, please refer to Table 4 or Table 3, which will not be described in detail here.

[0168] Table 5

[0169] The PAPR of the 8 groups of pilot initial values ​​shown in Table 5 is 5.24 dB.

[0170] Exemplarily, for the above-mentioned Example 1 and Example 2, the DFT size can be 64 (or N=64 or the IDFT size is 64), and the indexes of these 64 subcarriers (or index values) are integers from -32 to 31, denoted as [-32:31]. The 64 subcarriers may include 8 pilot subcarriers, and the indexes of these 8 pilot subcarriers may be [-22, -16, -10, -4, 4, 10, 16, 22]. The indexes of the pilot subcarriers listed here are only examples and should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application. Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pilot subcarriers provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4a, the PPDU bandwidth may include DC subcarriers, protection subcarriers, pilot subcarriers and data subcarriers. Figure 4a does not show the index of the data subcarrier. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of DC subcarriers and protection subcarriers.

[0171] Example 3

[0172] Table 6 shows the pilot initial values ​​for 8 spatial streams and 12 pilot subcarriers. The rows in Table 6 represent a set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the columns in Table 6 represent the values ​​of the 8 pilot initial values ​​on the 8 spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier. iss,0 ~Ψ iss,11 Indicates the initial pilot values ​​for the first through twelfth pilot subcarriers of the 12 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss. The value of iss can be any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, or X8.

[0173] For the related descriptions of the spatial stream index iss and X1 to X8, please refer to Tables 3 to 5, which will not be described in detail here.

[0174] Table 6

[0175] The PAPR of the 12 groups of pilot initial values ​​shown in Table 6 is 4.77 dB.

[0176] For example, for the above example three, the DFT size can be 128 (or N=128 or the IDFT size is 128), and the indexes of these 128 subcarriers can be integers from -64 to 63, which are recorded as [-64:63]. The 128 subcarriers can include 12 pilot subcarriers, and the indexes of these 12 pilot subcarriers can be [-48, -40, -32, -24, -16, -8, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48]. The indexes of the pilot subcarriers listed here are only examples and should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application. Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pilot subcarriers provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4b, the PPDU bandwidth may include DC subcarriers, protection subcarriers, pilot subcarriers and data subcarriers. Figure 4b does not show the index of the data subcarrier. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of DC subcarriers and protection subcarriers.

[0177] Example 4

[0178] Table 7 shows the pilot initial values ​​for 8 spatial streams and 16 pilot subcarriers. The rows in Table 7 represent a set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the columns in Table 7 represent the values ​​of the 8 pilot initial values ​​on the 8 spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier. iss,0 ~Ψ iss,15 Indicates the initial pilot values ​​for the first through sixteenth pilot subcarriers of the 16 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss. The value of iss can be any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, or X8.

[0179] For the relevant description of Table 7, please refer to Tables 3 to 5, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0180] Table 7

[0181] The PAPR of the 12 groups of pilot initial values ​​shown in Table 7 is 5.91 dB.

[0182] For example, for the above example four, the DFT size can be 256 (or N=256 or the IDFT size is 256), and the indexes of these 256 subcarriers are integers from -128 to 127, which are recorded as [-128:127]. The 256 subcarriers can include 16 pilot subcarriers, and the indexes of these 16 pilot subcarriers can be [-104, -91, -78, -65, -52, -39, -26, -13, 13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78, 91, 104]. The indexes of the pilot subcarriers listed here are only examples and should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application. Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pilot subcarriers provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4c, the PPDU bandwidth may include DC subcarriers, protection subcarriers, pilot subcarriers and data subcarriers. Figure 4c does not show the index of the data subcarrier. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of DC subcarriers and protection subcarriers.

[0183] Example 5

[0184] Table 8 shows the pilot initial values ​​for 8 spatial streams and 20 pilot subcarriers. The rows in Table 8 represent a set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the columns in Table 8 represent the values ​​of the 8 pilot initial values ​​on the 8 spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier. iss,0 ~Ψ iss,19 Indicates the initial pilot values ​​for the first through 20 pilot subcarriers of the spatial stream indexed by iss. The value of iss can be any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, or X8.

[0185] For the related descriptions of the spatial stream index iss and X1 to X8, please refer to Tables 3 to 5, which will not be described in detail here.

[0186] The PAPR of the 20 groups of pilot initial values ​​shown in Table 8 is 6.0206 dB.

[0187] Table 8

[0188] For example, for the above example five, the DFT size can be 512 (or N=512 or the IDFT size is 512), and the indexes of these 512 subcarriers can be integers from -256 to 255, denoted as [-256:255]. The 512 subcarriers can include 20 pilot subcarriers, and the indexes of these 20 pilot subcarriers can be [-209, -187, -165, -143, -121, -99, -77, -55, -33, -11, 11, 33, 55, 77, 99, 121, 143, 165, 187, 209]. The indexes of the pilot subcarriers listed here are only examples and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. Figure 4d is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pilot subcarriers provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4d, the PPDU bandwidth may include DC subcarriers, guard subcarriers, pilot subcarriers and data subcarriers. Figure 4d does not show the index of the data subcarrier. The number of DC subcarriers and protection subcarriers is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

[0189] Example 6

[0190] Tables 9 and 10 show the pilot initialization values ​​for 8 spatial streams and 24 pilot subcarriers. The rows in Tables 9 and 10 represent a set of pilot initialization values ​​corresponding to each spatial stream, and the columns in Tables 9 and 10 represent the values ​​of the 8 pilot initialization values ​​on the 8 spatial streams corresponding to one pilot subcarrier. iss,0 ~Ψ iss,23 Indicates the initial pilot values ​​for the first through 12th pilot subcarriers of the 24 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed by iss. The value of iss can be any of the following: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, or X8.

[0191] For relevant explanations of Table 9 and Table 10, please refer to Table 3 to Table 5, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0192] The PAPR of the 20 pilot initial values ​​shown in Table 9 is 6.347 dB. The PAPR of the 24 pilot initial values ​​shown in Table 10 is 6.233 dB.

[0193] Table 9

[0194] Table 10

[0195] For example, for the above example six, the DFT size can be 512 (or N = 512 or the IDFT size is 512), and the indexes of these 512 subcarriers can be integers from -256 to 255, recorded as [-256:255]. The 512 subcarriers can include 24 pilot subcarriers, and the indexes of these 24 pilot subcarriers can be [-230, -210, -190, -170, -150, -130, -110, -90, -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170, 190, 210, 230]. The indexes of the pilot subcarriers listed here are only examples and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. Figure 4e is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pilot subcarriers provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4e, the PPDU bandwidth may include DC subcarriers, guard subcarriers, pilot subcarriers, and data subcarriers. Figure 4e does not show the index of the data subcarrier. The number of DC subcarriers and guard subcarriers is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

[0196] The design principles of Tables 5 to 10 above are described in detail below. The multi-stream pilot design schemes shown in the embodiments of this application are merely examples. In a specific implementation, the pilot initial values ​​may be defined by a standard. That is, the steps in the design schemes shown below are merely examples. In a specific implementation, the communicating parties may not perform the steps shown below. For example, the communicating parties may save the data shown in Tables 3 to 10.

[0197] The design scheme of multi-stream pilot can be as follows:

[0198] (1) Obtain the initial mutually orthogonal sequence based on the Hadamard matrix.

[0199] The Hadamard matrix is ​​an orthogonal square matrix. For example, the initial mutually orthogonal sequence is an 8-row and M-column matrix obtained based on the Hadamard matrix. For example, M=8, 12, 16, 20, or 24.

[0200] If M=8, the initial orthogonal sequence is a Hadamard matrix with 8 rows and 8 columns.

[0201] For example, if M=12, the initial orthogonal sequence can be a matrix with 8 rows and 12 columns based on the 12*12 Hadamard matrix. There are 495 selection methods, which can obtain 495 groups of sequences, each of which includes an 8*12 matrix.

[0202] For example, if M=16, the initial orthogonal sequence can be 8 rows and 16 columns based on the 16*16 Hadamard matrix. There are 12870 selection methods, which can obtain 12870 sequences, each of which includes an 8*16 matrix.

[0203] Based on the above description of phase deviation estimation, it can be seen that when the matrix Q is an orthogonal matrix, the phase deviation estimation process is performed by calculating the transpose Q of the matrix Q. T *y can be used to obtain the phase offset of each spatial stream. If the matrix Q lacks row orthogonality, the second communication device must calculate pinv(Q)*y, which requires a pseudo-inverse operation on Q. Therefore, the sequence obtained using the Hadamard matrix has greater orthogonality, simplifying the workload and reducing the complexity of phase offset estimation for the second communication device.

[0204] To reduce the amount of retrieval computation, one approach is to obtain a corresponding number of sequences based on the aforementioned method. Another approach is to randomly select a fixed number of sequences, such as 500 (or 1000) sequences from the obtained multiple sequences.

[0205] (2) Multiply a column of the above 8-row M-column matrix by -1 to obtain multiple sets of mutually orthogonal sequences. Also, multiply two columns of the above 8-row M-column matrix by -1 to obtain multiple sets of mutually orthogonal sequences. Also, multiply three columns of the above 8-row M-column matrix by -1 to obtain multiple sets of mutually orthogonal sequences. And so on, until a certain column of the above 8-row M-column matrix is ​​multiplied by -1. Multiply the columns by -1 to obtain multiple mutually orthogonal sequences.

[0206] (3) Swap the order of two of the 8 rows and M columns obtained in (2) above to obtain multiple sets of mutually orthogonal sequences. Swap the order of three of the 8 rows and M columns obtained in (2) above to obtain multiple sets of mutually orthogonal sequences. And so on, until the order of three of the 8 rows and M columns obtained in (2) above is swapped. Swap the order of columns.

[0207] The swapping order shown above can be to swap the order of columns a and b in the matrix, or to place the reverse order of column a in column b and the reverse order of column b in column a. Exemplarily, the swapping order can include clockwise swapping or counterclockwise swapping. For example, a three-column matrix abc can be swapped clockwise to bca and counterclockwise to cab.

[0208] Through the above steps (2) and (3), more groups of mutually orthogonal sequences of 8 rows and M columns can be obtained.

[0209] (4) Calculate the maximum PAPR of each group of sequences, and then select a group of sequences with smaller PAPR from the maximum PAPR.

[0210] For example, the maximum PAPR can be calculated by placing the initial pilot value at the corresponding pilot position (i.e., the pilot subcarrier index) and setting the data subcarrier to 0, thereby calculating the PAPR of the signal. The maximum PAPR shown here is obtained by maximizing the PAPR of M*Nss transformed signals under various shifts for each spatial stream.

[0211] If 500 sequences are obtained through step (1), 500*X sequences are obtained through step (2), and 500*X*Y sequences are obtained through step (3). For example, if X*Y=10, then 5000 sequences are obtained through steps (1) to (3). In step (4), the PAPR of each sequence group under M*Nss transformation sequences under various shifts can be calculated. For example, if M=16 and Nss=8, the PAPR of each sequence group under 96 shift sequences can be calculated through step (4), and the maximum PAPR under the 96 shift sequences can be obtained (i.e., the maximum PAPR is selected from the 96 PAPRs). Similarly, a sequence group corresponding to the minimum PAPR is selected from the maximum PAPR, which is the initial value of the Nss group pilot.

[0212] The maximum PAPR value is selected from the PAPR values ​​of the transformed sequences corresponding to each sequence group in the multiple sequence groups. The sequence group corresponding to the minimum PAPR value among the maximum PAPR values ​​is then determined as the pilot initialization value, thereby better ensuring PAPR performance. The pilot initialization values ​​shown in Tables 5 to 10 above can effectively ensure a low PAPR for each spatial stream corresponding to each OFDM symbol.

[0213] In other embodiments of the present application, the Nss spatial streams transmitting a PPDU may all correspond to the same set of pilot initial values. For example, the pilot values ​​carried by the pilot subcarriers corresponding to the data field are determined based on the bandwidth of the PPDU transmission and the set of pilot initial values. The set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to the Nss spatial streams may be the same set of pilot initial values ​​corresponding to any of the Nss spatial streams shown above. For example, both communicating parties may store this set of pilot initial values.

[0214] In some further embodiments of the present application, the Nss spatial streams transmitting the PPDU may all correspond to the same set of pilot initialization values. The set of pilot initialization values ​​corresponding to the Nss spatial streams may be a set of pilot initialization values ​​indicated by any row shown in Tables 3 to 10 above. For example, both communicating parties may store Tables 3 to 10 above and select any row from the table as the set of pilot initialization values ​​corresponding to the Nss spatial streams.

[0215] The following describes a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0216] The present application divides the functional modules of the communication device according to the above-mentioned method embodiment. For example, each functional module can be divided according to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in this application is schematic and is only a logical functional division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. The communication device of the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 5 to 7.

[0217] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, the communication device includes a processing module 501 and a transceiver module 502. The transceiver module 502 can implement corresponding communication functions, and the processing module 501 is used for data processing. For example, the transceiver module 502 can also be referred to as an interface, a communication interface, or a communication module.

[0218] In some embodiments of the present application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the first communication device in the above method embodiment. In this case, the communication device can be the Wi-Fi device itself or a component that can be configured in the Wi-Fi device (such as a chip or system or functional module, etc.). The transceiver module 502 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the first communication device in the above method embodiment, and the processing module 501 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the first communication device in the above method embodiment.

[0219] The processing module 501 is used to generate a PPDU; the transceiver module 502 is used to send or output the PPDU.

[0220] Exemplarily, the PPDU may include a data field, where a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on the PPDU bandwidth and Nss groups of pilot initial values, where at least two groups of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss groups of pilot initial values ​​are different, and each group of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss groups of pilot initial values ​​includes M pilot initial values. M is greater than 6, Nss is equal to the total number of spatial streams used to transmit the PPDU, and Nss is a positive integer.

[0221] For example, M=8, 12, 16, 20, or 24. Nss is a positive integer less than or equal to 8.

[0222] For the initial value of the Nss group pilot, please refer to Tables 3 to 10 above, which will not be described in detail here.

[0223] Exemplarily, the processing module 501 may include at least one of the following components: a pilot subcarrier component, a constellation mapper, an encoder, a stream cyclic shift component, a space and frequency mapping component, an IDFT component, a cyclic prefix insertion and windowing component. Exemplarily, the transceiver module 502 may include a radio frequency component, an antenna component, etc. Exemplarily, the transceiver module 502 may include a pin component, etc.

[0224] Reusing Figure 5, in some other embodiments of the present application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the second communication device in the above method embodiment. In this case, the communication device can be the Wi-Fi device itself or a component that can be configured in the Wi-Fi device (such as a chip, system, or functional module, etc.). The transceiver module 502 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the second communication device in the above method embodiment, and the processing module 501 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the second communication device in the above method embodiment.

[0225] The transceiver module 502 is used to input or receive the PPDU; the processing module 501 is used to parse the PPDU.

[0226] Exemplarily, the processing module 501 may include at least one of the following components: a pilot subcarrier component, a cyclic prefix removal component, a DFT component, a deinterleaving component, a constellation deconstruction component, a decoder, and a descrambler. Exemplarily, the transceiver module 502 may include a radio frequency component, an antenna component, etc. Exemplarily, the transceiver module 502 may include a pin component, etc.

[0227] Optionally, in each of the above embodiments, the communication device may further include a storage module, which can be used to store instructions and / or data (such as the pilot initial value shown above, etc.), and the processing module 501 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device implements the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0228] In the above embodiments, the specific descriptions of terms or steps such as PPDU, pilot subcarrier, pilot value, initial pilot value, data field, etc. can be referred to the introduction in the above method embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0229] The specific descriptions of the transceiver module and the processing module shown in the above embodiments are only examples. For the specific functions or execution steps of the transceiver module and the processing module, please refer to the above method embodiments and will not be described in detail here.

[0230] The above describes the communication device according to the embodiment of the present application. The following describes possible product forms of the communication device. Any product that has the functions of the communication device described in FIG. 5 falls within the scope of protection of the embodiment of the present application. The following description is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the product forms of the communication device according to the embodiment of the present application to these examples.

[0231] In one possible implementation, in the communication device shown in Figure 5, the processing module 501 may be one or more processors, and the transceiver module 502 may be a transceiver. Alternatively, the transceiver module 502 may be a transmitting module and a receiving module, where the transmitting module may be a transmitter and the receiving module may be a receiver, with the transmitting module and receiving module being integrated into a single device, such as a transceiver. In embodiments of the present application, the processor and transceiver may be coupled, etc., and the connection method between the processor and transceiver is not limited in embodiments of the present application. During the execution of the above-described method, the process of sending information in the above-described method may be the process of the processor outputting the above-described information. When outputting the above-described information, the processor outputs the above-described information to the transceiver for transmission by the transceiver. After being output by the processor, the above-described information may require further processing before reaching the transceiver. Similarly, the process of receiving information in the above-described method may be the process of the processor receiving the above-described information as input. When the processor receives the input information, the transceiver receives the above-described information and inputs it into the processor. Furthermore, after the transceiver receives the above-described information, the above-described information may require further processing before being input into the processor.

[0232] As shown in FIG. 6 , the communication device 60 includes one or more processors 620 and a transceiver 610 .

[0233] Exemplarily, when the communication device is used to execute the steps, methods, or functions executed by the first communication device, the processor 620 is used to generate a PPDU; and the transceiver 610 is used to send the PPDU.

[0234] Exemplarily, when the communication device is used to execute the steps, methods, or functions executed by the second communication device, the transceiver 610 is used to receive the PPDU; and the processor 620 is further used to parse the PPDU.

[0235] In the above embodiments, the specific descriptions of terms or steps such as PPDU, pilot subcarrier, pilot value, initial pilot value, data field, etc. can be referred to the introduction in the above method embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0236] In various implementations of the communication device shown in FIG6 , the transceiver may include a receiver and a transmitter, wherein the receiver is configured to perform a receiving function (or operation) and the transmitter is configured to perform a transmitting function (or operation). The transceiver is configured to communicate with other devices / apparatuses via a transmission medium.

[0237] Optionally, the communication device 60 may further include one or more memories 630 for storing program instructions and / or data. The memory 630 is coupled to the processor 620. The coupling in the embodiment of the present application is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units or modules, which may be electrical, mechanical or other forms, and is used for information exchange between devices, units or modules. The processor 620 may operate in conjunction with the memory 630. The processor 620 may execute program instructions stored in the memory 630. Optionally, at least one of the one or more memories may be included in the processor. Exemplarily, the memory may be used to store the initial value of the Nss group pilot.

[0238] The specific connection medium between the transceiver 610, processor 620, and memory 630 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In Figure 6, the memory 630, processor 620, and transceiver 610 are connected via bus 640. The bus is represented by a bold line in Figure 6. The connection methods between other components are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 6 only uses a single bold line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0239] In the embodiments of the present application, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, etc., and may implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented as being executed by a hardware processor, or may be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor, etc.

[0240] In the embodiment of the present application, memory may include but is not limited to non-volatile memories such as hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), read-only memory (ROM) or portable read-only memory (CD-ROM), etc. Memory is any storage medium that can be used to carry or store program code in the form of instructions or data structures, and can be read and / or written by a computer (such as the communication device shown in the present application), but is not limited thereto. The memory in the embodiment of the present application can also be a circuit or other arbitrarily capable of realizing a storage function, for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0241] The processor 620 is primarily used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire communication device, execute software programs, and process software program data. The memory 630 is primarily used to store software programs and data. The transceiver 610 may include control circuitry and an antenna. The control circuitry is primarily used to convert baseband signals into radio frequency signals and process radio frequency signals. The antenna is primarily used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input / output devices, such as a touch screen, display, and keyboard, are primarily used to receive user input and output data to the user.

[0242] When the communication device is powered on, the processor 620 can read the software program in the memory 630, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be sent wirelessly, the processor 620 performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit. The radio frequency circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal and then transmits the radio frequency signal to the outside in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the communication device, the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 620. The processor 620 converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0243] In another implementation, the RF circuit and antenna may be provided independently of the processor performing baseband processing. For example, in a distributed scenario, the RF circuit and antenna may be remotely arranged independent of the communication device.

[0244] The communication device shown in the embodiment of the present application may also have more components than those in Figure 6, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this. The method performed by the processor and transceiver shown above is only an example. For the specific steps performed by the processor and transceiver, please refer to the method described above.

[0245] In another possible implementation, in the communication device shown in FIG5 , the processing module 501 may be one or more logic circuits, and the transceiver module 502 may be an input / output interface, or may be called a communication interface, or an interface circuit, or an interface, etc. Alternatively, the transceiver module 502 may also be a sending module and a receiving module, the sending module may be an output interface, the receiving module may be an input interface, and the sending module and the receiving module are integrated into one module, such as an input / output interface. As shown in FIG7 , the communication device shown in FIG7 includes a logic circuit 701 and an interface 702. That is, the above-mentioned processing module 501 can be implemented with a logic circuit 701, and the transceiver module 502 can be implemented with an interface 702. The logic circuit 701 may be a chip, a processing circuit, an integrated circuit, or a system on chip (SoC) chip, etc., and the interface 702 may be a communication interface, an input / output interface, a pin, etc. For example, FIG7 is illustrated using the above-mentioned communication device as a chip, and the chip includes a logic circuit 701 and an interface 702. For example, the chip may also include a memory, which may be used to store N1 time-varying function values, N1 time-varying functions, a time-varying function matrix, etc. Alternatively, the memory may be used to store computer instructions. For example, the logic circuit 701 may execute the method, function, or step performed by the first communication device based on the instruction. For another example, the logic circuit 701 may execute the method, function, or step performed by the second communication device based on the instruction.

[0246] In the embodiment of the present application, the logic circuit and the interface may also be coupled to each other. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection method between the logic circuit and the interface.

[0247] Exemplarily, when the communication device is used to execute the method, function, or step executed by the first communication device, the logic circuit 701 is used to generate a PPDU; and the interface 702 is used to output the PPDU.

[0248] Exemplarily, when the communication device is used to execute the method, function, or step executed by the second communication device, the interface 702 is used to input the PPDU; and the logic circuit 701 is used to parse the PPDU.

[0249] The communication device shown in the embodiment of the present application can implement the method provided in the embodiment of the present application in the form of hardware, or can implement the method provided in the embodiment of the present application in the form of software, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0250] In each of the above embodiments, the specific descriptions of terms or steps such as PPDU, pilot subcarrier, pilot value, initial pilot value, and data field can be referred to in the description of the above method embodiments and will not be described in detail here. For the specific implementation of each embodiment shown in Figure 7, reference can also be made to the above embodiments and will not be described in detail here.

[0251] An embodiment of the present application further provides a wireless communication system, which includes a first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device and the second communication device can be used to execute the method in any of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0252] In addition, the present application also provides a computer program, which is used to implement the operations and / or processing performed by the first communication device in the method provided by the present application.

[0253] The present application also provides a computer program, which is used to implement the operations and / or processing performed by the second communication device in the method provided by the present application.

[0254] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer code. When the computer code runs on a computer, it enables the computer to execute the operations and / or processing performed by the first communication device in the method provided by the present application.

[0255] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer code. When the computer code runs on a computer, it enables the computer to execute the operations and / or processing performed by the second communication device in the method provided by the present application.

[0256] The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer code or computer program. When the computer code or computer program runs on a computer, the operations and / or processing performed by the first communication device in the method provided by the present application are executed.

[0257] The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer code or computer program. When the computer code or computer program runs on a computer, the operations and / or processing performed by the second communication device in the method provided by the present application are executed.

[0258] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or can be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.

[0259] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the technical effects of the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0260] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into a single module. The above-mentioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional modules.

[0261] If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium, including a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned readable storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0262] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Generate a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the PPDU including a data field, a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and an Nss group of pilot initial values, at least two groups of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​are different, each group of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​includes M pilot initial values, M is greater than 6, a value of Nss is the same as the total number of spatial streams used to transmit the PPDU, and Nss is a positive integer; The PPDU is sent.

2. A communication method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Receive a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, the PPDU including a data field, a pilot value carried by a pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on a bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU and an Nss group of pilot initial values, at least two groups of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​are different, each group of pilot initial values ​​in the Nss group of pilot initial values ​​includes M pilot initial values, M is greater than 6, a value of Nss is the same as the total number of spatial streams used to transmit the PPDU, and Nss is a positive integer; The PPDU is parsed.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: M＝8、12、16、20、24。 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Nss is a positive integer less than or equal to 8.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The bandwidth for transmitting the PPDU is different, and the value of M is different.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: When M=8, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table: Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,7 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the eighth pilot subcarrier in the eight pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed as iss, and the value of iss is any of the following items: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: When M=12, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table: Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,11 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the twelfth pilot subcarrier in the 12 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed as iss, and the value of iss is any of the following items: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: When M=16, the Nss group pilot initial value is the Nss group pilot initial value indicated by the Nss row in the 8 rows shown in the following table: Each row in the table represents a set of pilot initial values, Ψ iss,0 ~Ψ iss,15 It represents the pilot initial values ​​of the first pilot subcarrier to the sixteenth pilot subcarrier in the 16 pilot subcarriers corresponding to the spatial stream indexed as iss, and the value of iss is any of the following items: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The pilot value carried by the pilot subcarrier corresponding to the data field is determined based on the bandwidth of transmitting the PPDU, the Nss group pilot initial value, and the symbol index of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol included in the data field.

10. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a module for executing the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 3 to 9.

11. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a module for executing the method according to any one of claims 2 to 9.

12. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 9.

13. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 2 to 9.

14. A communication device, characterized in that: comprising a logic circuit and an interface, wherein the logic circuit and the interface are coupled; The interface is used to input and / or output information, and the logic circuit is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3-9.

15. A communication device, characterized in that: comprising a logic circuit and an interface, wherein the logic circuit and the interface are coupled; The interface is used to input and / or output information, and the logic circuit is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 2-9.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program. When the computer program is executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 9 is executed.

17. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program. When the computer program is executed, the method according to any one of claims 2 to 9 is executed.

18. A communication system, characterized in that: The method comprises a first communication device and a second communication device, wherein the first communication device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 and 3-9, and the second communication device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 2-9.

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