Systems and methods for dual dosing system disruption detection

Abstract

An aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump and a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump, and a controller. The controller doses reductant to a SCR system. The controller determines a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system and a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system. The controller applies a target pressure override to the first doser. The controller determines a third pressure value associated with the first dosing system and a fourth pressure value associated with the second dosing system. The controller determines a difference between the third pressure value and the fourth pressure value. The controller compares the difference to a second threshold and generates an indication indicative of disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DUAL DOSING SYSTEMDISRUPTION DETECTIONTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates generally to an aftertreatment system, and particularly for detecting disruptions in the aftertreatment system.BACKGROUND

[0002] Internal combustion engines, such as diesel engines, emit exhaust gas that includes nitrogen oxide (NOx) compounds. It is desirable to reduce NOx emissions, for example, to comply with environmental regulations. To reduce NOx emissions, a reductant may be dosed into the exhaust gas by a dosing system in an aftertreatment system. The reductant cooperates with a catalyst of a catalyst member, such as a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst member, to facilitate conversion of a portion of the NOx in the exhaust gas into non- NOx emissions, such as nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O), thereby reducing NOXemissions. In some applications, compounds of the exhaust gas can also be filtered or removed by one or more catalyst members (e.g., a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) member, , an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst member, etc.) located in an aftertreatment system.SUMMARY

[0003] In one embodiment, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured to dose reductant to a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system using the first dosing system and the second dosing system. The controller is configured to determine, in response to the dosing, afirst pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to apply a target pressure override to the first doser for a first time period in response to the first pressure value and the second pressure value reaching a first threshold. At the end of the first time period after applying the target pressure override, the controller is configured to determine a third pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a fourth pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to determine a difference between the third pressure value and the fourth pressure value. The controller is configured to compare the difference to a second threshold. The controller is configured to generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0004] In another embodiment, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured prime the first dosing pump while delaying priming of the second dosing pump for a first time period. The controller is configured to determine, in response to the priming of the first dosing pump for the first time period and delaying priming of the second pump, a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller is configured to compare the difference to a threshold The controller is configured to generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0005] In yet another embodiment, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. Theaftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing pump for a first time period. The controller is configured to stop operation of the first dosing pump while continuing to operate the second dosing pump after the first time period. The controller is configured to determine, in response to stopping operation of the first dosing pump, a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller is configured to compare the difference to a threshold. The controller is configured to generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0006] In yet another embodiment, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured to operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing pump for a first time period. The controller is configured to, after the first time period, determine a first duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a second duty cycle for the second dosing pump before a key cycle. The controller is configured to determine a third duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a fourth duty cycle for the second dosing pump after the key cycle. The controller is configured to determine a first difference between the first duty cycle and the third duty cycle. The controller is configured to determine a second difference between the second duty cycle and the fourth duty cycle. The controller is configured to compare the first difference and second difference toa threshold. The controller is configured to generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0007] It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the subject matter disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0008] The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims, in which:

[0009] FIG. l is a first example schematic diagram of an engine-exhaust aftertreatment system coupled to a controller;

[0010] FIG. 2 is a second example schematic diagram of an engine-exhaust aftertreatment system coupled to a controller;

[0011] FIG. 3 is an example graph showing the behavior of a healthy aftertreatment system during a pressure override in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0012] FIG. 4 is an example graph showing behavior of an unhealthy aftertreatment system during a pressure override in the aftertreatment system FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0013] FIG. 5 is another example graph showing behavior of an unhealthy aftertreatment system during a pressure override in the aftertreatment system FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0014] FIG. 6 is an example process flow diagram of a first method for detecting tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1

[0015] FIG. 7 is an example flow diagram of a diagnostic process overview of the method of FIG. 6 executed by the controller of FIG. 1;

[0016] FIGS. 8A-8C are an example process flow diagram of a method for performing an example dosing tampering detection of FIG. 7;

[0017] FIG. 9A is a first example graph showing the behavior of a healthy aftertreatment system;

[0018] FIG. 9B is a first example graph showing the behavior of an aftertreatment system with dosing tampering;

[0019] FIG. 10A is a second example graph showing the behavior for a healthy aftertreatment system;

[0020] FIG. 10B is a second example graph showing the behavior of an aftertreatment system with dosing tampering;

[0021] FIG. 11 is an example process flow diagram of a second method for detecting tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2;

[0022] FIG. 12 is an example graph showing a first diagnostic case of performing the second method of FIG. 11.

[0023] FIG. 13 is an example process flow diagram of a third method for detecting tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2;

[0024] FIG. 14 is an example graph showing a second diagnostic case of performing the third method of FIG. 13;

[0025] FIG. 15 is an example process flow diagram of a fourth method for detecting tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2; and

[0026] FIGS. 16-17 are example graphs showing a third diagnostic case of performing the fourth method of FIG. 11.

[0027] It will be recognized that some or all of the figures are schematic representations for purposes of illustration. The figures are provided for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments with the explicit understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Following below are more detailed descriptions of various concepts related to, and embodiments of, methods, apparatuses, and for detecting mechanical and / or electrical tampering within an aftertreatment system. The various concepts introduced above and discussed in greater detail below may be implemented in any of a number of ways, as the described concepts are not limited to any particular manner of implementation. Examples of specific embodiments and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0029] Internal combustion engines (e.g., diesel internal combustion engines, etc.) produce exhaust (e.g., also referred to as exhaust gas herein). Depending on the fuel consumed by an internal combustion engine, the exhaust can contain different byproducts (e.g., NOx, carbon monoxide (CO), unbumed hydrocarbons (HC), etc.). The byproduct of the exhaust can be measured or sensed by one or more sensors of an aftertreatment system, for instance, measuring the density, volume, parts per million (ppm), etc. of the exhaust. The engine can be coupled to an aftertreatment system, such as connected via an exhaust pipe from the engine.

[0030] Referring to the figures generally, the various embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, and methods for detecting electrical and / or mechanical tampering within an aftertreatment system. Components in aftertreatment systems to reduce byproducts (e g., NOx, soot, etc ) of the exhaust include an SCR system that utilizes a two-step process to reduce harmful NOx emissions present in exhaust or a DOC member to filter or oxidize hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, or unburned fuel and oil. Referring to the SCR, first, a doser injects a reductant into the exhaust stream. This reductant may be a urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), Adblue®, a urea water solution (UWS), an aqueous urea solution (e.g., AUS32, etc.), or another similar fluid. The reductant may decompose to NH3 post-injection. Then, this mixture is run through an SCR catalyst member that, when at a certain temperature, causes areaction in the mixture that converts the harmful NOx particles into pure nitrogen and water. In operation, non-decomposed reductant and non-reacted ammonia may be stored within the catalyst member (e.g., SCR catalyst member) to be chemically reacted with the exhaust product (e.g., NOx particles, etc.).

[0031] The byproducts of the exhaust can be reduced by one or more aftertreatment components of the aftertreatment system, such as a DOC member or a SCR catalyst member, among other types of catalysts. The aftertreatment system can include multiple dosing systems which may each be located in different aftertreatment system legs or on the same leg. For simplicity, the examples herein provide the aftertreatment system including two legs, however, the aftertreatment system may include more than two legs having respective component(s) for reducing the exhaust byproducts. For example, the exhaust can flow or traverse through the aftertreatment system via a first leg and a second leg. The catalyst member (e.g., SCR catalyst member, DOC member, etc.) of each leg can facilitate chemical reactions of the byproducts and reductant to reduce or minimize emissions from a tailpipe of the engine system. For simplicity, the examples herein can provide the SCR catalyst member or the DOC member as the catalyst member of the aftertreatment system. Each leg of the aftertreatment system can be dosed with ammonia (NH3) (e.g., reductant) to reduce the exhaust byproduct. The dosage of reductant can be based on NOx measurements (and / or other factors, such as exhaust gas mass flow rate of the exhaust gas) from the NOx sensor of the respective leg.

[0032] An aftertreatment system may include one or more dosing systems, each of which includes a doser, a pressure sensor, and a dosing pump. The dosing system may be used to dose reductant into an SCR system. Specifically, the dosing system may be used to ensure that the correct quantity of reductant is added to the SCR system. In a dosing system, the dosing pump can be connected to a reductant source tank and is configured to provide reductant to a doser which then injects the reductant to an SCR system. In some embodiments, each of the dosing systems may include a controller or electronic control module which is configured to receive information about the dosing systems and control operation of the dosing system. The dosing system may also include a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor may provide pressure measurements to an electronic control module (ECM) for the doser to help the doser accuratelydose the reductant. In some examples, an aftertreatment system may include two legs which each include a dosing system and an SCR system. For example, the first leg may include a first dosing system (e.g., including a first dosing pump, a first doser, a first pressure sensor, a first ECM, etc.) and a first SCR system while the second leg may include a second dosing system (e.g., including a second dosing pump, a second doser, a second pressure sensor, a second ECM, etc.) and a second SCR system. In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system may include multiple SCR system connected in series which each include dosing pumps and dosers.

[0033] In some cases, a user may mechanically tamper with or disrupt a dosing system within the aftertreatment system. The user may tamper or disrupt the dosing system by removing, misconnecting, or otherwise moving one or more components of the dosing system. The user may mechanically tamper or disrupt the dosing system by physically connecting a first doser and a second doser to a single supply unit. In a healthy aftertreatment system with no tampering (whether mechanical or electrical), each doser is connected to its associated supply unit (e.g., first doser connected to the first supply unit and the second doser is connected to the second supply unit).

[0034] In other cases, a user may electrically tamper with the dosing system within the aftertreatment system, for instance, by making an electrical connection between the pressure sensor for the first dosing system with the electronic control module for both dosing systems. In a healthy aftertreatment system with no tampering, a first pressure sensor for the first dosing system would be electrically coupled to only a first electronic control module for the first dosing system while a second pressure sensor for the second dosing system would be electrically coupled to only a second electronic control module for the second dosing system. However, in a tampered system, the first pressure sensor from the first dosing system can be electrically connected to both the first electronic control module and the second electronic control module. In these cases, it may be challenging to detect the dosing system tampering during the operation of the aftertreatment system given that the sensor readings are still being captured, thereby potentially leading to inaccurate reductant dosage within the aftertreatment systems.

[0035] The systems, methods, and apparatuses described herein are configured to detect such electrical and mechanical tampering / disruptions of the dosing system. In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system includes one or more aftertreatment system legs, multiple dosing systems in the one or more aftertreatment system legs, and a controller which may be configured to determine any disruptions of the dosing system. The controller includes at least one processor coupled to at least one memory. For example, in a first embodiment, the controller determines satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller doses reductant to a SCR system using the first dosing system and the second dosing system. The controller determines, in response to the dosing, a first pressure value of the first dosing system, and a second pressure value of the second dosing system. In some embodiments, the controller may determine the first pressure value and the second pressure value by receiving pressure measurements from a first pressure sensor of the first dosing system and a second pressure value of the second dosing system. The controller may then apply a target pressure override to the first doser for a first time period if the first pressure value and the second pressure value reach a first threshold. At the end of the first time period after applying the target pressure override, the controller may determine a third pressure value for the first dosing system and a fourth pressure value associated with the second dosing system. The controller may then determine a difference between the third pressure value and the fourth pressure value. The controller may then compare the difference to a second threshold. The controller may then generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison. For example, if the difference is above the second threshold, the controller may determine that no electrical or mechanical tampering exists.

[0036] As another example, in a second embodiment, the controller determines satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller primes the first dosing pump while delaying priming of the second dosing pump for a first time period. After priming the first dosing pump for the first time period while delaying the priming of the second dosing pump, the controller determines a first pressure value for the first dosing system and a second pressure value for the second dosing system. In some embodiments, the controller may determine the first pressurevalue and the second pressure value by receiving pressure measurements from a first pressure sensor of the first dosing system and a second pressure value of the second dosing system. The controller may then determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller may then compare the difference to a threshold. The controller may then generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison. For example, if the difference is above the threshold, the controller may determine that no electrical or mechanical tampering exists.

[0037] As yet another example, in a third embodiment, the controller determines satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller may operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing pump for a first time period. After the first time period, the controller stops operation of the first dosing pump while continuing to operate the second dosing pump. After stopping operation of the first dosing pump, the controller determines a first pressure value for the first dosing system and a second pressure value for the second dosing. In some embodiments, the controller may determine the first pressure value and the second pressure value by receiving pressure measurements from a first pressure sensor of the first dosing system and a second pressure value of the second dosing system. The controller may then determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller may then compare the difference to a threshold. The controller may generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison. For example, if the difference is above the threshold, the controller may determine that no electrical or mechanical tampering exists.

[0038] As another example, in a fourth embodiment, the controller determines satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller may operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing pump for a first time period. The controller may, after the first time period, determine a first duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a second duty cycle for the second dosing pump before a key cycle. The controller may determine a third duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a fourth duty cycle for the second dosing pump after the key cycle. The controller may thendetermine a first difference between the first duty cycle and the third duty cycle. The controller may then determine a second difference between the second duty cycle and the fourth duty cycle. The controller is configured to compare the first difference and second difference to a threshold. The controller is configured to generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison. For example, if the first difference and the second difference are above the threshold, then the controller may determine that no mechanical or electrical disruption exists.

[0039] The systems and methods described herein provide the advantage of providing a mechanism for detecting mechanical and electrical tampering or disruptions within an aftertreatment system ensuring the accuracy of reductant being supplied to the aftertreatment system. The accuracy of the reductant being supplied to the aftertreatment system allows vehicles to filter NOXout of exhaust gas more efficiently which may be desired.

[0040] Through these features, embodiments described herein are capable of detecting the tampering of the pressure sensor and / or the dosing system within the aftertreatment system, such that the operator and / or service technician can be notified to address the mechanical or electrical tampering. As a result, embodiments described herein are capable of reducing NOx slip downstream from the SCR system caused by system tampering and bringing the aftertreatment system into compliance with the environmental regulations.

[0041] Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of a system 10 with a controller 100 is shown, according to a first example embodiment. The system 10 includes an internal combustion engine 20 (referred to as an “engine” hereinafter) coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment system 22 that is in exhaust gas-receiving communication with the engine. As shown, the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 is made up of multiple legs (e g., first leg 22A and second leg 22B), each leg including respective components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. Although two legs are shown and described for purposes of examples herein, the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 may include more or less than two legs composed of additional component(s) of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. The controller 100 is coupled to or in communication with the system 10 along with an operator input / output (I / O) device 120. The system 10 may be embodied in a vehicle. The vehicle may include an on-road or anoff-road vehicle including, but not limited to, line-haul trucks, mid-range trucks (e.g., pick-up trucks), cars, boats, tanks, airplanes, locomotives, mining equipment, and any other type of vehicle. The vehicle may include a transmission, a fueling system, one or more additional vehicle subsystems, etc. In this regard, the vehicle may include additional, less, and / or different components / sy stems, such that the principles, methods, systems, apparatuses, processes, and the like of the present disclosure are intended to be applicable with any other vehicle configuration. It should also be understood that the principles of the present disclosure should not be interpreted to be limited to vehicles; rather, the present disclosure is also applicable with stationary pieces of equipment such as a power generator or genset.

[0042] The engine 20 may be a compression-ignition internal combustion engine that utilizes diesel fuel. In various other embodiments, the engine 20 may be structured as any other type of engine (e.g., spark-ignition) that utilizes any type of fuel (e.g., gasoline, natural gas, etc.). In some embodiments, the vehicle may be another type of vehicle, such as a hybrid vehicle containing one or more electric motors, a fuel cell vehicle, and so on. Thus, while the engine 20 is structured as a diesel-powered internal combustion engine herein, other embodiments are contemplated to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0043] Within the internal combustion engine 20, air from the atmosphere is combined with fuel and combusted to power the engine. Combustion of the fuel and air in the compression chambers of the engine 20 produces exhaust gas that is operatively vented to an exhaust manifold (not shown) and to the aftertreatment system 22.

[0044] Each of the legs (e.g., the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B) of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 includes a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) member 30, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) member 40, a dosing system 52, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst member 50, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst member 60. The first leg 22A includes DOC member 30A, DPF member 40 A, a first dosing system 52A, a first SCR catalyst member 50A, and AMOx catalyst member 60A. The second leg 22B includes DOC member 30B, DPF member 40B, dosing system 52B, a second SCR catalyst member 50B, and AMOx catalyst member 60B. For simplicity, the components of the respective legs described herein can be labeled generally, for instance, as DOC member 30, DPF member 40, dosing system 52with a respective SCR catalyst member 50, and AMOx catalyst member 60 associated with the respective first leg 22A or the second leg 22B.

[0045] The exhaust aftertreatment system 22 further includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 70. The dosing systems 52A, 52B of the respective legs include reductant delivery systems that has reductant sources 54A, 54B (e.g., reductant sources 54A, 54B of the legs) that supply reductant to dosers 56A-B (e g., referred to generally as doser 56 herein for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B) via reductant delivery lines 58A-B, respectively. The dosing systems 52A, 52B may also include pressure sensors 16 and a dosing pump (not shown).

[0046] In an exhaust flow direction, as indicated by directional arrow 29, exhaust gas flows from the engine 20 into inlet piping 24 of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. From the inlet piping 24, in the first leg 22A, the exhaust gas flows into the DOC member 30 and exits the DOC member 30 into a first section of exhaust piping 28A. From the first section of exhaust piping 28A, the exhaust gas flows into the DPF member 40 and exits the DPF member 40 into a second section of exhaust piping 28B. From the second section of exhaust piping 28B, the exhaust gas flows into the SCR catalyst member 50 and exits the SCR catalyst member 50 into the third section of exhaust piping 28C. As the exhaust gas flows through the second section of exhaust piping 28B, it is periodically dosed with reductant by the doser 56B. Accordingly, the second section of exhaust piping 28B acts as a decomposition chamber or tube to facilitate the decomposition of the reductant to ammonia. From the third section of exhaust piping 28C, the exhaust gas flows into the AMOx catalyst member 60 and exits the AMOx catalyst member 60 into outlet piping 26 before the exhaust gas is expelled from the aftertreatment system 22. Similarly, in the second leg 22B, the exhaust gas flows through pipings 28D-28F passing the various components in the second leg 22B and into the outlet piping 26.

[0047] Based on the foregoing, in the illustrated embodiment, the DOC member 30 (e.g., DOC member 30A or DOC member 30B) is positioned upstream of the DPF member 40 (e.g., DPF member 40A or DPF member 40B) and the SCR catalyst member 50 (e.g., SCR catalyst member 50A or SCR catalyst member 50B), and the SCR catalyst member 50 (e.g.,SCR catalyst member 50A or SCR catalyst member 50B) is positioned downstream of the DPF member 40 (e.g., DPF member 40A or DPF member 40B) and upstream of the AMOx catalyst member 60 (e.g., AMOx catalyst member 60A or AMOx catalyst member 60B). However, in alternative embodiments, other arrangements of the components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 are also possible. Further, and for simplicity, the components of a leg in the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 may be similar to another leg. Alternatively, one or more components or the arrangement of the components in the first leg 22A may be different from those in the second leg 22B, and so forth.

[0048] The DOC member 30 may be structured to have any number of different types of flow-through designs. The DOC member 30 may be structured to oxidize at least some particulate matter in the exhaust (e.g., the soluble organic fraction of soot) and reduce unburned hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust to less environmentally harmful compounds. For example, the DOC member 30 may be structured to reduce the hydrocarbon and CO concentrations in the exhaust to meet the requisite emissions standards for those components of the exhaust. An indirect consequence of the oxidation capabilities of the DOC member 30 is the ability of the DOC member 30 to oxidize NO into NO2. In this manner, the level of NO2 exiting the DOC member 30 is equal to the NO2 in the exhaust generated by the engine 20 in addition to the NO2 converted from NO by the DOC member 30.

[0049] In addition to treating the hydrocarbon and CO concentrations in the exhaust, the DOC member 30 may also be used in the controlled regeneration of the DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and AMOx catalyst member 60. This can be accomplished through the injection, or dosing, of unburned HC into the exhaust upstream of the DOC member 30. Upon contact with the DOC member 30, the unburned HC undergoes an exothermic oxidation reaction which leads to an increase in the temperature of the exhaust exiting the DOC member 30 and subsequently entering the DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and / or the AMOx catalyst member 60. The amount of unburned HC added to the exhaust is selected to achieve the desired temperature increase or target controlled regeneration temperature.

[0050] The DPF member 40 may be any of various flow-through designs and is structured to reduce particulate matter concentrations (e.g., soot and ash) in the exhaust to meetrequisite emission standards. The DPF member 40 captures particulate matter and other constituents, and thus can be periodically regenerated to burn off the captured constituents. Additionally, the DPF member 40 may be structured to oxidize NO to form NO2 independent of the DOC member 30.

[0051] As discussed above, each of the dosing systems 52A, 52B includes a reductant delivery system. The reductant delivery system includes a reductant sources 54A, 54B, dosing pump 53 A, 53B, and a doser 56. The reductant source 54 can be a container or tank capable of retaining a reductant. The reductant source 54 is in reductant supplying communication with the dosing pump 53A, 53B, which is structured to pump reductant from the reductant source 54 to the doser 56 via a reductant delivery line 58. The dosing pumps 53A, 53B may be configured to pressurize the reductant from the reductant source 54 for delivery to dosers 56A, 56B. The doser 56 is positioned upstream of the SCR catalyst member 50. The doser 56 is selectively controllable to inject reductant directly into the exhaust stream prior to entering the SCR catalyst member 50. As described herein, the controller 100 is structured to control a timing and amount of the reductant delivered to the exhaust, such as based on the amount of NCR measured by the NCR sensor 12 upstream from the dosing system 52 or the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 16 upstream from the dosing system 52. The reductant may decompose to produce ammonia. As briefly described above, the ammonia reacts with NCR in the presence of the SCR catalyst member 50 to reduce the NCR to less harmful emissions, such as N2 and H2O. The NOx in the exhaust stream includes NO2 and NO. Both NO2 and NO are reduced to N2 and H2O through various chemical reactions driven by the catalytic elements of the SCR catalyst member in the presence of NH3.

[0052] In some embodiments, the controller 100 is structured to control the doser 56 for supplying the reductant to be used in the aftertreatment system 22. In some other examples, the aftertreatment system 22 can include NOx sensors 12 upstream from the DOC members 30 of the legs, and the NOx measurements from these NOx sensors 12 can be used to determine the ANR associated with the respective legs. In some other examples, the aftertreatment system 22 can include pressure sensors upstream from dosing systems 52 of the legs and the pressuremeasurements from the pressure sensors 16 can be used to ensure that the dosing of the reductant is accurate.

[0053] In some embodiments, the SCR catalyst member 50 is a vanadium-based catalyst member, and in other embodiments, the SCR catalyst member is a zeolite-based catalyst member, such as a copper-zeolite (Cu-Ze) or an iron-zeolite (Fe-Zu) catalyst member. In one representative embodiment, the reductant is aqueous urea and the SCR catalyst member 50 is a zeolite-based catalyst member. In other embodiments, the reductant includes a first reductant and a second reductant, wherein the first reductant is urea and the second reductant is ammonia.

[0054] The AMOx catalyst member 60 may be any of various flow-through catalyst members structured to react with ammonia to produce mainly nitrogen. As briefly described above, the AMOx catalyst member 60 is structured to remove ammonia that has slipped through or exited the SCR catalyst member 50 without reacting with NOx in the exhaust. In certain instances, the aftertreatment system 22 can be operable with or without the AMOx catalyst member 60. Further, although the AMOx catalyst member 60 is shown as a separate unit from the dosing system 52 in FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the AMOx catalyst member may be integrated with the SCR catalyst member (e.g., the AMOx catalyst member and the SCR catalyst member can be located within the same housing). As referred to herein, the SCR catalyst member 50 and AMOx catalyst member 60 form the SCR and AMOx system.

[0055] The system 10 (e.g., the aftertreatment system 22) includes various sensors. For example, the aftertreatment system 22 includes NOx sensors 12. The aftertreatment system 22 includes temperature sensors 14. The aftertreatment system 22 includes pressure sensors 16. The sensors can be strategically disposed throughout the aftertreatment system 22, such as upstream, at, or downstream from one or more catalysts (e.g., DOC member 30, DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and / or AMOx catalyst member 60). The sensors can be in communication with the controller 100 and configured to monitor operating conditions of the system 10. It should be understood that one or more NOx, pressure, temperature, and a variety of other sensors (oxygen sensors, exhaust constituent sensors, NH3 sensors) may also be included in the system and disposed in a variety of locations.

[0056] The temperature sensors 14 are associated with one or more catalyst members. The temperature sensors 14 are strategically positioned to detect the temperature of exhaust flowing into the DOC member 30 (e.g., the temperature of the exhaust conduit upstream from the catalyst member), out of the DOC member 30 (e.g., the temperature of the exhaust conduit downstream from the catalyst member) and into another catalyst member (e.g., from the DOC member 30 to the DPF member 40), and out of the DPF member 40 before being dosed with reductant by the doser 56. In some embodiments, at least one temperature sensor 14 may be configured as part of the catalyst member itself, thereby directly measuring a bed temperature of the catalyst member.

[0057] The EGR system 70 is structured to recirculate exhaust back to an intake manifold of the engine 20 to be used for combustion. The EGR system 70 includes an EGR cooler 74 and an EGR valve 76. The EGR cooler 74 may be, for example, air-to-air and / or liquid (e.g., coolant)-to-air (e.g., exhaust) heat exchangers, in some applications. The EGR cooler 74 is structured to remove heat from the exhaust prior to the exhaust being re-introduced into the intake manifold. Heat is removed from the exhaust prior to reintroduction to, among other reasons, prevent high intake temperatures that could promote pre-ignition (e.g., engine knock).

[0058] Although the exhaust aftertreatment system 22 shown includes the DOC member 30, the DPF member 40, the SCR catalyst member 50, and the AMOx catalyst member 60 positioned in specific locations relative to each other along the exhaust flow path, in other embodiments, they may be positioned in any of various positions relative to each other along the exhaust flow path, and the exhaust aftertreatment system may include more than one of any of the DOC member 30, DPF member 40, SCR catalyst member 50, and AMOx catalyst member 60.

[0059] FIG. 1 is also shown to include an operator input / output (VO) device 120. The operator I / O device 120 is communicably coupled to the controller 100, such that information may be exchanged between the controller 100 and the I / O device 120. The information exchanged between the controller 100 and the VO device 120 may relate to one or more components of FIG. 1 or any of the determinations of the controller 100 disclosed herein. Theoperator I / O device 120 enables an operator (e.g., occupant, etc.) of the vehicle to communicate with the controller 100 and other components of the vehicle, such as those illustrated in FIG. 1. For example, the operator I / O device 120 may include an interactive display, a touchscreen device, one or more buttons and switches, voice command receivers, etc. In some cases, the VO device 120 may be a part of a vehicle including the engine 20 and the aftertreatment system 22. In some other cases, the I / O device 120 may be a remote device accessible by the operator, such as via a client device In some aspects, the I / O device 120 may be a server receiving data from the controller 100 of the vehicle.

[0060] The controller 100 is structured to monitor the operations, conditions, or events within the system 10 (e.g., components of the aftertreatment system 22). The controller 100 is structured to control, at least partly, operation of the system 10 and associated sub-systems, such as the internal combustion engine 20 and the exhaust aftertreatment system 22. Communication between and among the components may be via any number of wired or wireless connections. For example, a wired connection may include a serial cable, a fiber optic cable, a CAT5 cable, or any other form of wired connection. In comparison, a wireless connection may include the Internet, Wi-Fi, cellular, radio, Bluetooth, etc. In one embodiment, a controller area network (“CAN”) bus provides the exchange of signals, information, and / or data. The CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections. Because the controller 100 is communicably coupled to the systems and components of FIG. 1, the controller 100 is configured to receive data from one or more of the components shown in FIG. 1. For example, the data may include NOx data (e.g., an incoming NOx amount from NOx sensor 12 upstream from the DOC member 30 or SCR catalyst member 50 and an outgoing NOx amount from NOx sensor 12 downstream from the SCR catalyst member 50), dosing data (e.g., timing and amount of dosing delivered from doser 56, dosing pump speed, etc.), pressure data, and vehicle operating data (e.g., engine speed, vehicle speed, engine temperature, flow rate, etc.) received via one or more sensors. As another example, the data may include an input from operator input / output device 120. As described more fully herein, using this data, the controller 100 monitors the multi-leg aftertreatment system 22 to determine if the NOx sensor 12 from one leg is displaced to another (e.g., the user tampered with at least one NOx sensor 12) and to detect the misplacement of the NOx sensor 12, such as to minimize reductant slip orNOx slip from the erroneous computation of conversion efficiency or measurement of NOx content downstream from the SCR catalyst member 50.

[0061] The controller 100 includes a processing circuit including a processor, a memory, and various circuits configured to perform features, functionalities, or operations discussed herein. The processor may be implemented as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a digital signal processor (DSP), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. The memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash Memory, hard disk storage, etc.) may store data and / or computer code for facilitating the various processes described herein. The memory may be communicably connected to the processor and one or more circuits. The memory is configured to provide computer code or instructions to the processor for executing the processes described in regard to the controller 100 herein. Moreover, the memory may be or include tangible, nontransient volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Accordingly, the memory may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0062] The controller 100 includes a communications interface. The communications interface may include any combination of wired and / or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, wire terminals) for conducting data communications with various systems, devices, or networks structured to enable in-vehicle communications (e.g., between and among the components of the vehicle) and out-of-vehicle communications (e.g., directly with remote computing system). In this regard, in some embodiments, the communications interface includes a network interface. The network interface is used to establish connections with other computing devices by way of a network. The network interface includes program logic that facilitates connection of the controller 100 to the network. The network interface includes any combination of a wireless network transceiver (e.g., a cellular modem, a Bluetooth transceiver, a Wi-Fi transceiver) and / or a wired network transceiver (e.g., an Ethernet transceiver). In some arrangements, the network interface includes the hardware and machine-readable media sufficient to support communication over multiplechannels of data communication. Further, in some arrangements, the network interface includes cryptography capabilities to establish a secure or relatively secure communication session in which data communicated over the session is encrypted. For example and regarding out-of- vehicle / system communications, the communications interface may include an Ethernet card and port for sending and receiving data via an Ethernet-based communications network and / or a Wi-Fi transceiver for communicating via a wireless communications network. The communications interface may be structured to communicate via local area networks and / or wide area networks (e.g., the Internet) and may use a variety of communications protocols (e.g., IP, LON, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and radio, cellular, near field communication). Furthermore, the communications interface may work together or in tandem with a telematics unit, if included, in order to communicate with other vehicles in the fleet and / or the remote computing system.

[0063] The controller 100 is structured to receive inputs (e.g., signals, information, data, etc.) from the system 10 components / systems and / or the operator I / O device 120. Thus, the controller 100 is structured to control, at least partly, the system 10 components / systems and associated engine 20. As the components of FIG. 1 can be embodied in a vehicle, the controller 100 may be configured as one or more electronic control units (ECU). The controller 100 may be separate from or included with at least one of a transmission control unit, an exhaust aftertreatment control unit, a powertrain control module, an engine control module, etc. In some cases, the controller 100 may be a device remote from the vehicle, such as a remote controller configured to control or communicate with one or more components of the system 10.

[0064] Referring now to FIG. 2, another schematic diagram of a system 80 with a controller 100 is shown, according to a second example embodiment. The schematic diagram of the system 10 shown in FIG. 2 is similar to the system 10 shown in FIG. 1 and includes many of the elements described above with respect to FIG. 1. However, FIG. 2 shows an example embodiment wherein the aftertreatment system 22 includes only one leg (e.g., first leg 22A) while FIG. 1 shows an example embodiment wherein the aftertreatment system 22 includes multiple legs (e.g., first leg 22A and second leg 22B). While the aftertreatment system 22 is shown to only include a single leg in FIG. 2, the aftertreatment system 22 still includesmultiple dosing systems 52A, 52B and SCR catalyst members 50, which are described in more detail above.

[0065] Referring now to FIG. 3, an example graph 300 showing the behavior of a healthy aftertreatment system in the aftertreatment system 22 of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. A healthy aftertreatment system is not electrically or mechanically tampered with (e.g., sensor(s) associated with each dosing system are not displaced to another leg, dosing pumps associated with each doser are not displaced to another doser, etc ). The graph 300 shows pressure readings on Y-Axis 314 from the pressure sensor 16 during different scenarios. Specifically, the graph 300 shows a plot 302 to determine whether the first dosing system is healthy and a plot 304 to determine whether the second dosing system is healthy. The data presented in graph 300 can be measured or obtained by various components of the system 10; for example, the data may be measured by the sensor of the aftertreatment system 22. In some embodiments, a healthy aftertreatment system may be dosed to raise the pressure in the aftertreatment system to a certain stable pressure target before a target pressure override 316 is applied to the aftertreatment system 22. For example, in FIG. 3, the target pressure is set 850 kPa. However, the target pressure can be set at any value (e.g., 600 kPa, 750 kPa, 800 kPa, 950 kPa, etc.). Once the stable target pressure has been reached, the target pressure override can be applied to one of the dosers 56A, 56B in the aftertreatment system 22 and the response from both dosers 56A, 56B are monitored. For example, at plot 302, when the pressure override is applied to the first doser 56A as shown by line 306 (e.g., the target pressure for the first leg 22A is raised to 950 kPa for a certain period of time). The target pressure for the second doser 56B stays the same (e.g., 850 kPa) as shown by line 308. After the target pressure override is applied, the controller 100 determines that the pressure values rise to the pressure specified by the override in the first doser 56A while the pressure values do not rise to the pressure specified by the override in the second leg doser 56B since the target pressure override was only applied to one doser. This indicates a healthy aftertreatment system. At plot 304, when the pressure override is applied to the second doser 56B shown by line 310 (e.g., the target pressure for the second doser 56A is raised to 950 kPa for a certain period of time). The target pressure for the first doser 56A stays the same (e.g., 850 kPa) as shown by line 312. After the target pressure override is applied, the controller 100 determines that thepressure values rise in the second doser 56B while the pressure values do not rise in the first doser 56A.

[0066] In some embodiments, the controller 100 can measure the difference in the pressure measurements in the first doser 56A and the second doser 56B to determine whether tampering has occurred. For example, if the pressure difference is above a certain threshold (e.g., the pressure difference is large enough), the controller 100 may determine that no tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22. In contrast, if the pressure difference is below a certain threshold (e.g., the pressure difference is not large enough), the controller 100 may determine that tampering has occurred within the aftertreatment system 22. The pressure values shown in graph 300 demonstrate a healthy aftertreatment system which has not been tampered with because the difference between the pressure values in the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B is above a certain threshold.

[0067] Referring now to FIG. 4, an example graph 400 showing the behavior of an unhealthy aftertreatment system during a pressure override in the aftertreatment system 22 of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2 is shown. An unhealthy aftertreatment system has been electrically or mechanically tampered with (e.g., the pressure sensor has been displaced). The data presented in graph 400 can be measured or obtained by various components of the system 10 or 80; for example, the data may be measured by the sensor of the aftertreatment system 22. Similarly to graph 300, the graph 400 shows the pressure readings on Y-Axis 414 from the pressure sensor 16 during different scenarios. Specifically, the graph 400 shows a plot 402 to determine whether the first dosing system 56A is unhealthy and a plot 404 to determine whether the second dosing system 56B is unhealthy. In some embodiments, an aftertreatment system is be primed and dosed to raise the pressure in the aftertreatment system to a certain stable pressure target before a target pressure override 416 is applied to the aftertreatment system 22. For example, in FIG. 4, the target pressure is set 850 kPa. Once the stable target pressure has been reached, the target pressure override can be applied to one of the dosers 56A, 56B in the aftertreatment system and the response from both dosers 56A, 56B are monitored. For example, at plot 402, when the pressure override is applied to the first doser 56A as shown by line 406(e.g., the target pressure for the first doser 56A is raised to 950 kPa for a certain period oftime). The target pressure for the second doser 56B should stay the same (e.g., 850 kPa) because the target pressure override is only applied to the first doser 56A. After the target pressure is applied, the controller 100 determines that the pressure values rise in the first doser 56A while the pressure values also rise in the second doser 56B as shown by line 408. This indicates that the aftertreatment system is unhealthy. At plot 404, when the pressure override is applied to the second doser 56B (e.g., the target pressure for the second doser 56B is raised to 950 kPa for a certain period of time), the controller 100 determines that the pressure values do not rise in either the second doser 56B at line 412 or the first doser 56A at line 410. The pressure values shown in graph 400 demonstrate an unhealthy (e.g., tampered) aftertreatment system which has been tampered with because the difference between the pressure values in the first doser 56A and the second doser 56B is not above a certain threshold.

[0068] Referring now to FIG. 5, an example graph 500 showing the behavior of an unhealthy aftertreatment system during a pressure override in the aftertreatment system 22 of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2 is shown. An unhealthy aftertreatment system as shown in graph 500 has been electrically or mechanically tampered with (e.g., the dosing pump is misplaced). The data presented in graph 500 can be measured or obtained by various components of the system 10 or 80; for example, the data may be measured by the sensor of the aftertreatment system 22. Similarly to graph 300, the graph 500 shows the pressure readings on Y-Axis 514 from the pressure sensor 16. Specifically, the graph 500 shows a plot 502 to determine whether the first dosing system 56A is unhealthy and a plot 504 to determine whether the second dosing system 56B is unhealthy. In some embodiments, an aftertreatment system is be primed and dosed to raise the pressure in the aftertreatment system to a certain stable pressure target before a target pressure override 516 is applied to the aftertreatment system 22. For example, in FIG. 5, the target pressure is set 850 kPa. Once the stable target pressure has been reached, the target pressure override can be applied to one of the dosers 56A, 56B in the aftertreatment system and the response from both dosers 56A, 56B are monitored. For example, at plot 502, when the pressure override is applied to the first doser 56A as shown by line 506 (e.g., the target pressure for the first doser 56A is raised to 950 kPa for a certain period of time). The target pressure for the second doser 56B should stays the same (e.g., 850 kPa) at line 508 because the target pressure override is only applied to the first doser 56A. After the target pressure is applied, thecontroller 100 determines that the pressure values rise in the first doser 56A while the pressure values also rise in the second doser 56B. This indicates that the aftertreatment system is unhealthy. At 504, when the pressure override is applied to the second doser 56B (e.g., the target pressure for the second doser 56B is raised to 950 kPa for a certain period of time), the controller 100 determines that the pressure values do not rise in either the second doser 56B at line 512 or the first doser 56A at line 510. In some embodiments, the pressure values between the first and second leg may have an initial pressure difference as shown in graph 500. In such an example, the pressure difference between the first and second leg may need to be above the certain threshold and the initial pressure difference observed between the first and second leg. The pressure values shown in graph 500 demonstrate an unhealthy (e.g., tampered) aftertreatment system which has been tampered with because the difference between the pressure values in the first doser 56A and the second doser 56B is not above a certain threshold when accounting for the initial pressure difference.

[0069] Referring now to FIG. 6, an example process flow diagram of a method 600 for detecting mechanical or electrical tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 and / or FIG.2 is shown, according to an example embodiment. The processes, operations, or steps of method 600 can be performed, operated, or executed by the components (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, aftertreatment system 22, sensors, etc.) of the system 10, data processing system, cloud computing environment, or any other computing devices described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-5. For example, additional or alternative operations of the method 600 can be performed by one or more circuits of the controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of the method 600 can be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. The process is described herein with respect to determining disruption or tampering within the first dosing system 56A. However, this is not meant to be limiting. The processes may also be applied to determining disruption or tampering within the second dosing 56B or any other dosing systems within the aftertreatment system.

[0070] At step 602, the controller 100 is configured to determine the satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the bed temperature of the SCR catalyst member 50 of one or each of the first leg 22A or thesecond leg 22B being greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the controller 100 determining that the dosing system is ready to dose. Specifically, the controller can determine that the dosing system is ready to dose if the dosing pump has been primed and if the pressure within the first leg 22A and / or second leg 22B are above a certain threshold. The one or more enabling conditions can include the controller 100 determining that no other system continuity faults are present in the system. For example, if there is a pressure sensor fault or a dosing pump fault in the aftertreatment system 22, the controller 100 may not be able to use those components for diagnosing the aftertreatment system 22 and determining if tampering is present because the other faults may impact any such diagnosis. The one or more enabling conditions can include the controller 100 determining that no other diagnostic processes are running. For example, if one or more system components (e.g., the pressure sensor 16, etc.) are being used to run another diagnostic method, the controller 100 cannot use those components to diagnose the aftertreatment system 22 because the other diagnostic processes may impact any such diagnosis because it could be either the diagnostic process which impacts the sensors.[00711 At step 604, the controller 100 is configured to dose reductant to the SCR catalyst member 50A using the first dosing system 52A or the second dosing system 52B. The controller 100 starts dosing reductant in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions. The controller 100 commands the first doser 56A dose reductant to the first SCR catalyst member 50A. The controller 100 commands a second doser 56B of the second leg 22B to dose reductant to the second SCR catalyst member 50B.

[0072] In some embodiments, the initial reductant dosing operation is performed prior to considering the one or more enabling conditions. For example, after starting the engine 20, the controller 100 can command the dosers 56 to dose reductant to the first SCR catalyst member 50A and the second SCR catalyst member 50B. Afterward, the controller 100 determines whether the one or more enabling conditions are satisfied before proceeding to step 606, among other steps, for example.

[0073] At step 606, the controller is configured to, in response to the reductant dosing at the step 604, determine a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system 52A and asecond pressure value associated with the second dosing system 52B. The controller 100 determines the first pressure value according to a reading or measurement from the first pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the first leg 22A). The controller 100 determines the second pressure value according to a reading from the second pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the second leg 22B). These pressure values measured at the step 606 are used to determine steady state pressure values of the first SCR and the second SCR. For example, the controller 100 detects that the pressure sensor readings of the first and second pressure sensors are within a predefined standard deviation (e.g., 2%, 3%, etc.) for at least a predefined time duration. If the pressure sensor readings are within the predefined standard deviation, the controller 100 aggregates the pressure sensor readings (e.g., average, mean, median, etc.) of each leg. Based on the aggregated pressure sensor readings, the controller 100 determines the first pressure value and the second pressure value, for example. The controller 100 is configured to store the first and second pressure values for comparison with a threshold to determine whether the pressure in the aftertreatment system 22 has reached a certain steady state value before attempting to determine whether tampering has occurred in the system. Specifically, in some embodiments, the controller 100 determines whether the first and second pressure values reach a first threshold. The predetermined threshold may be indicative of the steady state condition. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold may be a standard deviation in each of the first pressure value and the second pressure value measured at the step 606 from previously determined pressure values at the first SCR and the second SCR, respectively, or from designated pressure values in a predetermined time period (e.g., 2 minutes). The controller 100 proceeds to step 608 in response to the first and second pressure values reaching the predetermined threshold.

[0074] At step 608, the controller 100 is configured to apply a target pressure override to the first doser 56A of the first dosing system 52A in response to the first pressure value and the second pressure value reaching the first threshold. In some embodiments, the controller 100 applies the target pressure override to raise the target pressure for the dosing system 52 by a certain predetermined amount from the steady state pressure (e.g., 100 kPa, 150 kPa, etc.) for a certain time period (e.g., 10 seconds, 20 seconds, etc.). In other embodiments, the controller100 applies the target pressure override to lower the target pressure for the dosing system 52 by a certain predetermined amount from the steady state pressure for a certain time period.

[0075] In some cases, the time period for applying target pressure override can be predefined. In other cases, the time period is based on the time that it takes for the first pressure value to change by a predetermined percentage or amount, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, etc. In some embodiments, the predetermined percentage can be based on the attempt. In this case, in a first attempt for detecting tampering, the controller 100 configures or sets a relatively lower percentage (e.g., 5%) compared to a second attempt (e.g., 10%, 15%, etc.).

[0076] At step 610, the controller 100 is configured to determine a third pressure value and a fourth pressure value. For example, at the end of another time period (e.g., second time period different from the first time period) after applying the target pressure override to the first doser 56A, the controller 100 measures a third pressure value associated with the first dosing system 52A according to the reading from the first pressure sensor and measures a fourth pressure value of the second dosing system 52B according to the reading from the second pressure sensor. The second time period can be an extension of the first time period. The second time period is used allow the pressure in the first dosing system 52A to rise to meet the target pressure override applied at step 608.

[0077] In some embodiments, the third and fourth pressure values can represent the highest pressure values measured by the first and second pressure sensors during the time period(s) (e.g., first and / or second time periods). In some cases, the third and fourth pressure values may represent an average, mean, median, etc. of the measurements during the time period(s).

[0078] At step 612, the controller 100 is configured to determine the differences between the third pressure value and the fourth pressure value. As mentioned above, the controller 100 can measure the difference in the pressure measurements in the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B to determine whether tampering has occurred.

[0079] At step 614, the controller 100 is configured to compare the difference between the third and fourth pressure values to a second threshold. If the pressure difference is above the second threshold, the controller 100 may determine that no tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22. In contrast, if the pressure difference is below the second threshold, the controller 100 may determine that tampering has occurred within the aftertreatment system 22. The predetermined threshold may be indicative of a large enough difference between the pressure values to indicate that the pressure values are not correlated (e g., when the pressure value rises in the first leg 22A, the pressure value also rises in the second leg 22B). At step 616, the controller 100 is configured to generate an indication regarding mechanical or electrical disruption within the first dosing system 52A or second dosing system 52B based on the comparison made in step 614.

[0080] Referring now to FIG. 7, an example flow diagram for a diagnostic method 700 executed by the controller 100 of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2 is shown, according to an example embodiment. The steps of the diagnostic method 700 can be performed by the components (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, aftertreatment system 22, sensors, etc.) of the system 10, data processing system, cloud computing environment, or any other computing devices described herein in conjunction with FIG. 1. For example, additional or alternative operations of the method 700 can be performed by one or more circuits of the controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of the method 700 can be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. Some steps of the method 700 may involve the controller 100 receiving data from components of the aftertreatment system 22, such as one or more sensors, and forwarding the data to the remote device for processing, or vice versa.

[0081] At step 702, the controller 100 determines whether the one or more enable conditions are satisfied. The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the controller 100 determining that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose. Specifically, the controller can determine that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose if the dosing pump has been primed and if the pressure within the first leg 22A and / or second leg 22B are above a certain threshold. The one or more enabling conditions are described above with respect to FIG. 6. Responsive to determining that the one or more enable conditions are satisfied, the controller100 proceeds to step 704. Alternatively, the controller 100 may proceed to step 714 where the controller 100 is configured to set a timeout flag which is configured to stop the diagnostic method 700 if the controller 100 is not able to determine whether mechanical or electrical tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22 within a certain time period.

[0082] At step 704, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether the pressure values of the legs (e.g., the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B) are steady. For example, the controller 100 computes a standard deviation of the pressure value on each leg for a predetermined time duration (e.g., 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, etc.). The controller 100 compares the computed standard deviation to a threshold (e.g., 2%, 4%, 2% to 5%, etc.). If the standard deviations of both legs are within the threshold, the controller 100 determines that the pressure values of the legs are steady. The stable pressure values refer to pressure values monitored for the time duration that is within the standard deviation threshold. The controller 100 stores the steady pressure values taken at the first step (e.g., herein referred to as the step 1 pressure values) in the local memory device or storage. In some cases, the controller 100 stores the step 1 pressure values in a remote data repository. The stored pressure values can be at least one of a dataset of pressure values computed or monitored during the time duration, an aggregated pressure value (e.g., average or mean), a range of pressure values, etc.

[0083] At step 706, the controller 100 is configured to apply a target pressure override to either the first leg 22A or the second leg 22B of the aftertreatment system 22. The target pressure override can refer to increasing the target pressure of one of the aftertreatment system legs 22A, 22B above a predetermined threshold (e.g., above 950 kPa) or decreasing the target pressure of one of the aftertreatment system legs 22A, 22B below a predetermined threshold (e.g., below 750 kPa). Applying a target pressure override on one of the legs refers to adjusting (e g., increasing or decreasing depending on the target pressure override configuration) the pressure for the particular leg, such that the controller 100 can adjust the commands to the dosing pumps 53A, 53B to increase or decrease a pump speed to satisfy or according to the overridden target pressure, for example. With a relatively higher or lower target pressure value, the pump speed is increased or decreased to cause the pressure in one of the legs to increase or decrease to meet the target pressure set by the override. For example, the controller 100 mayincrease the pump speed to reach a higher target pressure or lower the pump speed to decrease the target pressure. The doser 56 may have a recirculation flow that goes back to the reductant source 54 to maintain stable pressure in the dosing system 52 when not dosing. If dosing is requested then the dosing pump 53 may run at a speed to produce flow rate that is equal to the sum of the dosed flow and the recirculation flow rate.

[0084] The target pressure value used for the override may be predefined by the administrator of the controller 100 or updated according to an instruction from the operator I / O device 120. In some embodiments, overriding the target pressure value can involve the controller 100 sending a command to the dosing system 52 to increase or decrease the reductant dosage for a certain duration based on a predefined target pressure override value. The duration can be based on the pressure value being changed by a predetermined value or based on a timer value.

[0085] At step 708, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether the pressure values of the legs (e.g., the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B) are steady. The controller 100 may also be configured to determine average pressure values in both the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B. For example, the controller 100 computes a standard deviation of the pressure value on each leg for a predetermined time duration (e.g., 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, etc.). The controller 100 compares the computed standard deviation to a threshold (e.g., 2%, 4%, 2% to 5%, etc.). If the standard deviations of both legs are within the threshold, the controller 100 determines that the pressure values of the legs are steady. The stable pressure values refer to pressure values monitored for the time duration that is within the standard deviation threshold. The controller 100 stores the steady pressure values taken at the second step (e.g., herein referred to as the step 2 pressure values) after the target pressure override has been applied in the local memory device or storage. In some cases, the controller 100 stores the step 2 pressure values in a remote data repository. The stored pressure values can be at least one of a dataset of pressure values computed or monitored during the time duration, an aggregated pressure value (e.g., average or mean), a range of pressure values, etc.

[0086] At step 710, the controller 100 utilizes compares the step 1 pressure values determined at 704 with the step 2 pressure values determined at 708. Specifically, the controller100 may compare the pressure values to determine a difference between the pressure values measured in the aftertreatment system legs 22A, 22B before and after the target pressure override has been applied at step 706. In one embodiment, target pressure for both aftertreatment system legs 22A, 22B may be initially set at 850 kPa. In such an embodiment, a target pressure override may be applied to the first leg 22A increasing the target pressure from 850 kPa to 950 kPa. While the example embodiment described herein initially sets the target pressure at 850 kPa and then raises the target pressure to 950 kPa to determine whether tampering has occurred, the method 700 can be implemented with any values. For example, the initial target pressure can be set at different values (e.g., 600, 750, etc.) and then raised by a predetermined amount (e.g., 100 kPa, 150 kPa, etc.). Alternatively, the initial target pressure can be set at different values (e.g., 750 kPa, 800 kPa, 850 kPa, 950 kPa, etc.) and then lowered by a predetermined amount (e.g., 100 kPa, 200 kPa, etc.). The change in pressure observed in the aftertreatment system, whether the target pressure was raised or lowered, may then be analyzed to determine whether tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system. A target pressure override may only be applied to one leg at a time. Therefore, the target pressure in the second leg 22B should stay at 850 kPa if no tampering has occurred in the system. Therefore, in this example, the step 1 pressure values for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B are 850 kPa while the step 2 pressure value for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B are 950 kPa and 850 kPa respectively. At step 710, the controller 100 compares the step 1 pressure values to the step 2 pressure values to determine whether the tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22. In a healthy non-tampered system, the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the overridden leg is above a certain threshold while the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the leg which the target pressure override was not applied is below a certain threshold. In a tampered system, the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the overridden leg is not above a certain threshold while the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the leg which the target pressure override was not applied is not below a certain threshold in some implementations. In other implementations, in a tampered system, the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressurevalues in the overridden leg and the leg which the target pressure override was not applied are both above a certain threshold.

[0087] In some embodiments, at step 712, the controller 100 either generates an indication of a fault (set a fault indicative of sensor misplacement or dosing pump misplacement) or clears the fault indication (or stops the diagnostic operation without generating the indication). For example, the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the overridden leg is above a certain threshold and the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the leg which the target pressure override was not applied is below a certain threshold, the controller 100 determines that the pressure sensors and / or dosing pumps are not displaced within the aftertreatment system 22. Otherwise, the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the overridden leg is not above a certain threshold while the difference between the step 1 pressure values and the step 2 pressure values in the leg which the target pressure override was not applied is not below a certain threshold, the controller 100 determines that the pressure sensors and / or dosing pumps are not at the desired positions within the aftertreatment system 22. In this case, the controller 100 is configured to generate an indication (e.g., set a fault) regarding the pressure sensor and / or dosing pump misplacement.

[0088] In various embodiments, the diagnostic method 700 is performed responsive to starting the engine 20. For example, responsive to an engine start event, the controller 100 can perform the operations with respect to the first leg 22A (e.g., target pressure override applied on the first leg 22A). Responsive to a second engine start event, the controller 100 may perform the operations with respect to the second leg 22B (e.g., target pressure override applied on the second leg 22B). In some cases, the controller 100 may perform the operations with respect to the first leg 22A in the first attempt and with respect to the second leg 22B in the second attempt or vice versa.

[0089] Referring now to FIGS. 8A-8C, an example process flow diagram of a diagnostic method 800 for performing an example dosing tampering detection of FIG. 7 is shown according to an example embodiment. The processes, operations, or steps of method 800 can be performed, operated, or executed by the components (e.g., controller 100, I / O device120, aftertreatment system 22, sensors, etc.) of the system 10, data processing system, cloud computing environment, or any other computing devices described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-7. For example, additional or alternative operations of the method 800 can be performed by one or more circuits of the controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of the method 800 can be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. In various embodiments, the method 800 can represent a sequence of instructions or steps to be performed by the one or more components of the system 10, or other devices.

[0090] At step 802, the controller 100 initiates the diagnostic method for detecting electrical and mechanical tampering. The controller 100 can initiate the diagnostic method responsive to determining whether the dosing systems 52A, 52B are ready to dose. In some embodiments, the controller 100 may determine that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose based on the satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In some embodiments, the controller 100 may determine that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose based on determining that the doing pumps in the dosing system 52 have been primed and the pressure in the aftertreatment system legs 22A, 22B has reached a certain threshold (e.g., 850 kPa). The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the controller 100 determining that no other system continuity faults present in the system. For example, if there is a pressure sensor fault or a dosing pump fault in the aftertreatment system 22, the controller 100 cannot use those components to diagnose the aftertreatment system 22 and determining if tampering is present because the other faults may impact any such diagnosis. The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the controller 100 determining that no other diagnostic processes are running. For example, if one or more system components (e.g., the pressure sensor 16, etc.) are being used to run another diagnostic method, the controller 100 cannot use those components to diagnose the aftertreatment system 22 because the other diagnostic processes may impact any such diagnosis. Responsive to determining that the enabling conditions are satisfied, the controller 100 may be configured to determine that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose and proceeds to step 804. Otherwise, the method 800 stays at step 802 until the controller 100 determines that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose.

[0091] At step 804, the controller 100 determines whether enough time has passed since other pressure diagnostics have been conducted and completed by the controller 100. For example, a urea doser functional monitor (UDFM), in conjunction with the controller 100, may be configured to also run a diagnostic method utilizing the pressure sensors to determine a fault with the dosing system 52. In such a case, the controller 100 should not run the diagnostic method 800 while the UDFM is also running a diagnostic method. Therefore, at step 804, the controller 100 determines whether a certain time period which has passed since the UDFM has completed its diagnostic method is above a certain threshold. In other embodiments, the controller 100 may alternatively determine that enough time has passed if the UDFM diagnostic method has timed out (e.g., not been able to be completed within a certain period of time). If the controller 100 determines that enough time has passed since the other pressure diagnostics have be conducted and completed, the controller 100 proceeds to step 806. Otherwise, the method 800 stays at step 806 until the controller 100 determines that sufficient time has passed.

[0092] At step 806, the controller 100 determines a first pressure value for the first dosing system 52A (abbreviated in the figure as LI) and a second pressure value for the second dosing system 52B (abbreviated in the figure as L2) at a first target pressure (e.g., 850 kPa). The controller 100 determines the first pressure value according to a reading or measurement from the first pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the first dosing system 52A). The controller 100 determines the second pressure value according to a reading from the second pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the second dosing system 52B) as described above with respect to FIG. 6.

[0093] At step 808, the controller 100 determines whether the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A or the second dosing system 52B is within a certain range. Specifically, the controller 100 may determine wither the pressure values are below a second threshold (e.g., 700 kPa, etc.) or above a third threshold (e.g., 1100 kPa, etc.). The second threshold described with respect to FIG. 8 is separate and difference from the second threshold described with respect to FIG. 6. If the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A or the second dosingsystem 52B are not within the certain range, the controller 100 resets the determination of the average pressure values to 0 at step 810 and then waits for a short time period (e.g., 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, etc.) at step 812 before returning to step 806 to ensure that the pressure values are cleared. In some embodiments, the short time period may be indicative of the amount of time it takes for the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B to reach the initial or first target pressure (e.g., 850 kPa, etc.). If the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A or the second dosing system 52B are within the certain range, the controller 100 proceeds to step 814.

[0094] At step 814, the controller 100 determines whether the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B are below a first threshold (e.g., 750 kPa). The second threshold described with respect to FIG. 8 is separate and different from the second threshold described with respect to FIG. 6. If the pressure values of both the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B are below the first threshold, the controller 100 proceeds to step 850 which is described in more detail below with respect to FIG. 8C. If the pressure values of both the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B are not below the first threshold, the controller 100 proceeds to step 816 in FIG. 8B.

[0095] At step 816, the controller 100 determines if the pressure value of the first dosing system 52A is below the first threshold (e.g., 750 kPa, etc.). If the pressure value of the first dosing system 52A is below the first threshold, the controller 100 may set the second dosing system 52B as the leg on which the target pressure override is to be applied (e.g., override leg) at step 818. Otherwise, if the pressure of the first dosing system 52A is not below the first threshold, the controller 100 may set the first dosing system 52A as the leg on which the target pressure override is applied at step 820 (e.g., override leg). This allows the controller 100 to ensure that the target pressure override is not applied to a leg whose average pressure is below the first threshold because raising the pressure in such a leg would not yield a sufficient difference (e.g., a difference above a certain threshold) between the override leg and the nonoverride leg. If a sufficient difference cannot be determined, the diagnostic method would not be able to determine whether tampering has occurred in the dosing system 52.

[0096] At step 822, the controller 100 applies the target pressure override to either the first dosing system 52A or the second dosing system 52B depending on the determination made in steps 816-820. For purposes of providing examples herein, the controller 100 applies the target pressure override to the first dosing system 52A. In some embodiments, the controller 100 applies the target pressure override to raise the target pressure for the dosing system 52 by a certain predetermined amount from the steady state pressure (e.g., 100 kPa, 150 kPa, etc.) for a certain time period (e g., 10 seconds, 20 seconds, etc ). In some cases, the certain time period for applying target pressure override can be predefined by the administrator. In some other cases, the time period is based on the time that it takes for the first pressure value to change by a predetermined percentage or amount, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, etc. In some embodiments, the predetermined percentage can be based on the attempt. In this case, in a first attempt for detecting tampering, the controller 100 configures or sets a relatively lower percentage (e.g., 5%) compared to a second attempt (e.g., 10%, 15%, etc.).

[0097] At step 824, the controller 100 determines a third average pressure value for the first dosing system 52A (abbreviated in the figure as LI) and a fourth average pressure value for the second dosing system 52B (abbreviated in the figure as L2). After applying the target pressure override to the first doser 56A, the controller 100 determines a third pressure value according to a reading or measurement from the first pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the first dosing system 52A). The controller 100 determines the fourth pressure value according to a reading from the second pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 is associated with or expected to measure pressure for the second dosing system 52B). These measured pressure values may be used to determine a steady state pressure values of the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B. For example, the controller 100 detects that the pressure sensor readings of the first and second pressure sensors are within a predefined standard deviation (e g., 2%, 3%, etc.) for at least a predefined time duration. The controller 100 aggregates the pressure sensor readings (e.g., average, mean, median, etc.) of each leg for a certain time period to determine an average pressure value. Based on the aggregated pressure sensor readings, the controller 100 determines the third average pressure value and the fourth average pressure value, for example.

[0098] At step 826, the controller 100 determines whether the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A or the second dosing system 52B is within a certain range. Specifically, the controller 100 may determine whether the pressure values are below a second threshold (e.g., 700 kPa, etc.) or above a third threshold (e.g., 1100 kPa, etc.). If the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A or the second dosing system 52B are not within the certain range, the controller 100 resets the determination of the average pressure values to 0 at step 828 and then proceeds to step 830. At step 830, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether a timeout has been reached. A timeout may refer to a status of the dosing system 52 which indicates that the pressure is not stable and cannot continue the diagnostic method. If the timeout has been reached at step 830, the controller 100 may be configured to set a pressure not stable fault at step 834 and then proceed to step 846 which is described in more detail below. If the timeout has not been reached at step 830, the controller 100 may be configured to wait for a short time period (e.g., 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, etc.) at step 832 before returning to step 824. In some embodiments, the short time period may be indicative of the amount of time it takes for the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B to reach the second target pressure set by the target pressure override (e.g., 950 kPa, etc.). If the pressure values of the first dosing system 52A or the second dosing system 52B are within the certain range, the controller 100 proceeds to step 836.

[0099] At step 836, the controller 100 determines if the third average pressure value for the first dosing system 52A and the fourth average pressure value for the second dosing system 52B is below the first threshold (e.g., 750 kPa, etc.). If either the third average pressure value or the fourth average pressure value is below the first threshold, the controller 100 determines that pressure sensor and / or dosing pump has been misplaced and proceeds to step 850. At step 850, the controller 100 generates an indication of a fault (set a fault indicative of sensor misplacement or dosing pump misplacement). After the controller 100 generates an indication of a fault at step 850, the controller 100 reverts the target pressure for the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B back to the first target pressure at step 852. Then the diagnostic method ends. If the third average pressure value and the fourth average pressure value are not below the first threshold, the controller proceeds to step 838.

[0100] At step 838, the controller 100 is configured to determine a first difference between the third and first pressure values and a second difference between the fourth and second pressure values (e.g., S2 Avg - SI Avg for each leg LI and L2). At step 840, the controller 100 may also be configured to determine a third difference between the first difference and the second difference. At step 841, the controller 100 may then be configured to compare the third difference to a fourth threshold (e.g., 55 kPa). If the third difference is below the fourth threshold, then the controller 100 determines that pressure sensor and / or dosing pump has been misplaced and proceeds to step 850 which is described in more detail above. If the third difference is not both above the fourth threshold, then the controller 100 proceeds to step 842.

[0101] At step 842, the controller 100 is configured to determine whether the first difference is greater than the fourth threshold (e g., 55 kPa) and the second difference is below the fifth threshold (e.g., 20kPa). As described above, the first difference describes the difference in pressure in the first dosing system 52A before and after applying the target pressure override to the first dosing system 52A. In a non-tampered dosing system, the first difference should be above the fourth threshold because the target pressure override should have raised the pressure in the first dosing system 52A by a certain amount (e.g., 100 kPa, etc.). Further, the second difference describes the difference in pressure in the second dosing system 52B before and after applying the target pressure override to the first dosing system 52A. In a non-tampered dosing system, the second difference is below the fifth threshold because the target pressure override should not have any effect on the second dosing system 52B because the controller 100 only applied the target pressure override to the first dosing system 52A. Therefore, if the first difference is above the fourth threshold and the second difference is below the fifth threshold, the controller 100 determines that the pressure sensor and / or dosing pump has not been misplaced. Responsive to determining that the pressure sensor and / or dosing pump has not been misplaced, the controller 100 clears the fault indication and generates and indication that no electrical or mechanical tampering has occurred in the dosing system 52 at step 844. However, if the first difference is not above the fourth threshold and the second difference is not below the fifth threshold, the controller 100 determines a diagnostic assessment cannot be made and proceeds to step 846. At step 846, the controller 100 reverts thetarget pressure for the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B back to the first target pressure and proceeds to step 848. At step 848, the controller 100 waits for the next key cycle to begin the diagnostic method 800 again. A key cycle may refer to the process of turning off and then turning on a vehicle.

[0102] Referring now to FIGS. 9A-9B, a first set of example graphs showing the behavior of a healthy aftertreatment system (graph 900) and an aftertreatment system with dosing tampering (graph 910) is shown according to an example embodiment. Specifically, graphs 900 and 910 demonstrate test bench data when a dosing system has been electrically tampered (e.g., the pressure sensor has been misconnected or misplaced) compared to a healthy system. The graph 900 demonstrates the behavior of pressure within the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B of a healthy aftertreatment system which has not been electrically tampered. The graph 900 includes a first portion 903 which shows the target pressure applied to the first leg 22A (902) and the second leg 22B (904). In the example embodiment shown in graph 900, the target pressure for the first leg 22A is set to a first value (e.g., 950 kPa, etc. while the target pressure for the second leg 22B is set to a second value (e.g., 900 kPa, etc.). The graph 900 also includes a second portion 905 which shows pressure measurements taken over a certain time period. As can be seen in the graph 900, the pressure measurements for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B have a substantial difference (e.g., over 20 kPA) and approximate their respective target pressures. A pressure measurement “approximates” a target pressure when the actual pressure measurement is within a certain range of the target pressure (e.g., with 5 kPa of the target pressure). Specifically, at 906 the measured pressure of the first leg 22A is approximately 944.3 kPa while the measured pressure of the second leg 22B is approximately 902 kPa at 908. Since the pressure values of the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B do not follow the same pressure target, it can be determined that a pressure sensor has not been misplaced or misconnected in the aftertreatment system 22

[0103] In contrast, graph 910 demonstrates the behavior of pressure within the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B of an aftertreatment system with dosing tampering. The graph 910 includes a first portion 913 which shows the target pressure applied to the first leg 22A (912) and the second leg 22B (914). In the example embodiment shown in graph 910, the targetpressure for the first leg 22A is set to a third pressure value (e.g., 950 kPa, etc.) while the target pressure for the second leg 22B is set to a fourth pressure value (e.g., 900 kPa, etc.). The graph 910 also includes a second portion 915 which shows pressure measurements taken for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B over a certain time period. As can be seen in the graph 910, the pressure measurements for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B do not have a substantial difference (e.g., over 20 kPa). Further, the pressure measurements do not approximate their respective target pressures. Specifically, at 916 the measured pressure of the first leg 22A is approximately 914.8 kPa while the measured pressure of the second leg 22B is approximately 904.2 kPa at 918. While the pressure measurements for the second leg 22B approximates the target pressure (e.g., 904.2 kPa actual compared to 900 kPa target), the pressure measurements for the first leg 22A does not approximate the target pressure (e.g., 914.8 kPa actual compared to 950 kPa target). Since the pressure values of the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B do not have a substantial difference (e.g., within 20 kPa of each other) and follow the same pressure target, it can be determined that a pressure sensor has been misplaced or misconnected in the aftertreatment system 22.[0104) Referring now to FIGS. 10A-10B, a first set of example graphs showing the behavior of a healthy aftertreatment system (graph 1000) and an aftertreatment system with dosing tampering (graph 1010) is shown according to an example embodiment. Specifically, graphs 1000 and 1010 demonstrate the behavior when a dosing system has been mechanically tampered (e.g., the dosing pump has been misconnected or misplaced) compared to healthy system. The graph 1000 demonstrates the behavior of pressure within the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B of a healthy aftertreatment system which has not been mechanically tampered. The graph 1000 includes a first portion 1003 which shows the target pressure applied to the first leg 22A (1002) and the second leg 22B (1004). In the example embodiment shown in graph 1000, the target pressure for the first leg 22A is set to a fifth pressure value (e g., 850 kPa, etc.) while the target pressure for the second leg 22B is set to a sixth pressure value (e.g., 900 kPa, etc.). The graph 1000 also includes a second portion 1005 which shows pressure measurements taken over a certain time period. As can be seen in the graph 1000, the pressure measurements for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B have a substantial difference (e.g., over 70 kPa) and approximate their respective target pressures. A pressure measurement“approximates” a target pressure when the actual pressure measurement is within a certain range of the target pressure (e.g., with 15 kPa of the target pressure). What is considered a “substantial difference” may vary depending on the calibration of one or more components of the aftertreatment system and the type of tampering present in the aftertreatment system. For example, if electrical tampering is being evaluated, the substantial difference may be in the range of 10-30 kPa whereas if mechanical tampering is being evaluated, the substantial difference may be in the range of 60-90 kPa. At 1006 the measured pressure of the first leg 22A is approximately 833.3 kPa while the measured pressure of the second leg 22B is approximately 913 kPa at 1008. Since the pressure values of the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B do not follow the same pressure target (e.g., there is a substantial difference between the pressure values), it can be determined that the dosing pump has not been misplaced or misconnected in the aftertreatment system 22.

[0105] In contrast, graph 1010 demonstrates the behavior of pressure within the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B of an aftertreatment system with dosing tampering. The graph 1010 includes a first portion 1013 which shows the target pressure applied to the first leg 22A (1012) and the second leg 22B (1014). In the example embodiment shown in graph 1010, the target pressure for the first leg 22A is set to a seventh pressure value (e.g., 850 kPa, etc.) while the target pressure for the second leg 22B is set to an eighth pressure value (e.g., 950 kPa, etc.). The graph 1010 also includes a second portion 1015 which shows pressure measurements taken for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B over a certain time period. As can be seen in the graph 1010, the pressure measurements for the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B do not have a substantial difference (e.g., over 70 kPa). Further, the pressure measurements do not approximate their respective target pressures. Specifically, at 1016 the measured pressure of the first leg 22A is approximately 897.2 kPa while the measured pressure of the second leg 22B is approximately 960.2 kPa at 1018. While the pressure measurements for the second leg 22B approximates the target pressure (e.g., 960.2 kPa actual compared to 950 kPa target), the pressure measurements for the first leg 22A does not approximate the target pressure (e.g., 897.2 kPa actual compared to 850 kPa target). Since the pressure values of the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B do not have a substantial difference (e.g., within 70 kPa of each other) andfollow the same pressure target (e.g., 950 kPa), it can be determined that a dosing pump has been misplaced or misconnected in the aftertreatment system 22.

[0106] Referring now to FIG. 11, an example process flow diagram of a second diagnostic method 1100 for detecting mechanical or electrical tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2 is shown, according to an example embodiment. The processes, operations, or steps of method 1100 can be performed, operated, or executed by the components (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, aftertreatment system 22, sensors, etc.) of the system 10, data processing system, cloud computing environment, or any other computing devices described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-10. For example, additional or alternative operations of the method 1100 can be performed by one or more circuits of the controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of the method 1100 can be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system.

[0107] At step 1 102, the controller 100 is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions which are described above with reference to FIG. 6.

[0108] At step 1104, the controller 100 is configured to prime a first dosing pump associated with the first dosing system 52A while delaying priming of a second dosing pump associated with the second dosing system 52B for a first time period. Priming a dosing pump refers to a process for preparing the dosing pump to supply reductant to the dosers 56A, 56B. Priming the dosing pumps may include removing air from the pump and the reductant delivery lines 58A-58B. In some cases, the first time period for priming the first dosing pump can be predefined by the administrator. In some other cases, the time period is based on the time that it takes the priming process to complete.

[0109] At step 1106, the controller is configured to, in response to priming the first dosing pump at the step 1104, determine a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system 52A and a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system 52B. The controller 100 determines the first pressure value according to a reading or measurement from the first pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the first leg 22A). The controller 100 determines the second pressure valueaccording to a reading from the second pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the second leg 22B).

[0110] At step 1108, the controller 100 is configured to determine the differences between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller 100 can measure the difference in the pressure measurements in the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B to determine whether tampering has occurred. Specifically, in the embodiment disclosed in FIG.11, there is a substantial pressure difference (e.g., 70 kPa) between the first pressure value and the second pressure value because only the first dosing pump has been primed in a healthy aftertreatment system which has not been tampered with. For example, referring now to FIG.12, example graphs 1202 and 1204 showing a first diagnostic case of performing the diagnostic method 1100 is shown, according to an example embodiment. Specifically, example graph 1202 shows the pressure values in a healthy aftertreatment system 22 implementing the diagnostic method 1100. Since the aftertreatment system 22 shown in graph 1202 is healthy (e.g., no dosing tampering), the pressure difference 1206 is high (e.g., above a certain threshold such as 20 kPa, 70 kPa, 90 kPa, etc.). In contrast, the example graph 1202 shows the pressure values in a tampered aftertreatment system 22 implementing the diagnostic method 1100. Since the aftertreatment system 22 shown in graph 1204 has dosing tampering, the pressure difference 1208 is low (e.g., below a certain threshold such as 20 kPa, 70 kPa, 90 kPa, etc ).[oni] At step 1110, the controller 100 is configured to compare the difference between the first and second pressure values to a second threshold. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold may be 70 kPa or 20 kPa depending on the specific calibration of the aftertreatment system 22. At step 1112, the controller 100 is configured to determine if the difference is above the predetermined threshold. If the pressure difference is above the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 may determine that no tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22 at step 1114. In contrast, if the pressure difference is below the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 may determine that tampering has occurred within the aftertreatment system 22 at step 1116. The predetermined threshold may be indicative of a large enough difference between the pressure values to indicate that the pressure values are notcorrelated (e.g., when the pressure value rises in the first leg 22A, the pressure value also rises in the second leg 22B).

[0112] Referring now to FIG. 13, an example process flow diagram of a third diagnostic method 1300 for detecting mechanical or electrical tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2 is shown, according to an example embodiment. The processes, operations, or steps of method 1300 can be performed, operated, or executed by the components (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, aftertreatment system 22, sensors, etc.) of the system 10, data processing system, cloud computing environment, or any other computing devices described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-12. For example, additional or alternative operations of the method 1300 can be performed by one or more circuits of the controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of the method 1300 can be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. The process is described herein with respect to determining disruption or tampering within the first dosing system 56A. However, this is not meant to be limiting. The processes may also be applied to determining disruption or tampering within the second dosing 56B or any other dosing systems within the aftertreatment system.

[0113] At step 1302, the controller 100 is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions which are described above with respect to FIG. 6.

[0114] At step 1304, the controller 100 is configured to turn on and operate a first dosing pump associated with the first dosing system 52A. The controller 100 is also configured to turn on and operate a second dosing pump associated with the second dosing system 52B for a for a first time period. The controller 100 can turn on and operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing by commanding the dosing pumps to provide reductant to the dosers 56A, 56B through the reductant delivery lines 58A-58B. In some embodiments, turning on and operating the first dosing pump and second dosing pump may occur before or after priming the dosing pumps. In some cases, the first time period for operating the first dosing pump can be predefined by the administrator. In some other cases, the time period is based on the time that it takes to raise the pressure in the aftertreatment system legs 22A, 22B to a certain level which allows proper operation of the first dosing system 52A and the second dosing system 52B.

[0115] At step 1306, the controller 100 is configured to stop operation of the first dosing pump associated with the first dosing system 52A in the first leg 22A while continuing to operate the second dosing pump associated with the second dosing system 52B in the second leg 22B after the first time period for a second time period. In a healthy aftertreatment system, the pressure associated with the first dosing system 52A should drop below a certain threshold in response to the controller 100 stopping operation of the first dosing pump. In contrast, in an unhealthy and tampered aftertreatment system where the pressure sensor may be misplaced or misconnected, the pressure associated with the first dosing system 52A does not drop below a certain threshold in response to the controller 100 stopping operation of the first dosing pump. Therefore, the controller 100 can determine whether tampering is present in the aftertreatment system 22 based on evaluating the pressure difference between the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B.

[0116] At step 1308, the controller is configured to, in response to stopping operation of the first dosing pump while continuing to operate the second dosing pump, determine a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system 52A and a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system 52B. The controller 100 determines the first pressure value according to a reading or measurement from the first pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the first leg 22A). The controller 100 determines the second pressure value according to a reading from the second pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 16 associated with or expected to measure pressure for the second leg 22B). The first and second pressure values represent the pressure at the outlet of the first DPF member 40A and the second DPF member 40B, respectively.

[0117] At step 1310, the controller 100 is configured to determine the differences between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller 100 can measure the difference in the pressure measurements in the first leg 22A and the second leg 22B to determine whether tampering has occurred. Specifically, in the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 13, there should be a substantial pressure difference (e.g., 70 kPa) between the first pressure value and the second pressure value because only the second dosing pump is currently operating in a healthy aftertreatment system. However, in a tampered aftertreatment system,there is not a substantial pressure difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value because the pressure sensor and / or dosing pump may be displaced. For example, referring now to FIG. 14, an example graph 1400 showing a second diagnostic case of performing the diagnostic method 1300 is shown, according to an example embodiment. In some embodiments, the graph 1400 shows the operation status and the pressure values of a first dosing pump and a second dosing pump within a tampered aftertreatment system. The graph 1400 shows the operation status (e.g., on, off, etc.) of the second dosing pump at graph portion 1402 and the operation status (e.g., on, off, etc.) of the first dosing pump at graph portion 1406 over a certain period of time. The graph 1400 also shows the pressure values of the second dosing pump at graph portion 1404 and the pressure values of the second dosing pump at graph portion 1408. At the graph portion 1402, the second dosing pump is still on and operating at 1410. Since the second dosing pump is still on and operating, the pressure of the second dosing pump is at the target pressure (e.g., 875 kPa) set by the controller 100 as shown at 1412. In contrast, at the graph portion 1406, the first dosing pump has stopped operation at 1414. In a healthy aftertreatment system, the pressure for the first dosing pump would drop because the first dosing pump was no longer operating. However, as shown in graph portion 1408, the pressure of the second dosing pump is also near the target pressure (e.g., 881 kPa) at 1416 which indicates that tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22.

[0118] At step 1312, the controller 100 is configured to compare the difference between the first and second pressure values to a predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold may be 70 kPa or 20 kPa depending on the specific calibration of the aftertreatment system 22. At step 1314, the controller 100 is configured to determine if the difference is above the predetermined threshold. If the pressure difference is above the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 may determine that no tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22 at step 1316. In contrast, if the pressure difference is below the predetermined threshold, the controller 100 may determine that tampering has occurred within the aftertreatment system 22 at step 1318. The predetermined threshold may be indicative of a large enough difference between the pressure values to indicate that the pressure values are not correlated (e.g., when the pressure value rises in the first leg 22A, the pressure value also rises in the second leg 22B).

[0119] Referring now to FIG. 15, an example process flow diagram of a fourth diagnostic method 1500 for detecting mechanical or electrical tampering in the aftertreatment system of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2 is shown, according to an example embodiment. The processes, operations, or steps of method 1500 can be performed, operated, or executed by the components (e.g., controller 100, I / O device 120, aftertreatment system 22, sensors, etc.) of the system 10, data processing system, cloud computing environment, or any other computing devices described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-14. For example, additional or alternative operations of the method 1500 can be performed by one or more circuits of the controller 100. Additionally or alternatively, some operations of the method 1500 can be performed by a remote device, such as a remote data processing system. The process is described herein with respect to determining disruption or tampering within the first dosing system 56A. However, this is not meant to be limiting. The processes may also be applied to determining disruption or tampering within the second dosing 56B or any other dosing systems within the aftertreatment system.

[0120] At step 1502, the controller 100 is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the controller 100 determining that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose. Specifically, the controller can determine that the dosing system 52 is ready to dose if the dosing pump has been primed and if the pressure within the first leg 22A and / or second leg 22B are above a certain threshold. The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the controller 100 determining that no other system continuity faults present in the system. For example, if there is a pressure sensor fault or a dosing pump fault in the aftertreatment system 22, the controller 100 cannot use those components to diagnose the aftertreatment system 22 and determine if tampering is present because the other faults may impact any such diagnosis. The one or more enabling conditions can be satisfied in response to the controller 100 determining that no other diagnostic processes are running. For example, if one or more system components (e.g., the pressure sensor 16, etc.) are being used to run another diagnostic process, the controller 100 cannot use those components to diagnose the aftertreatment system 22 because the other diagnostic processes may impact any such diagnosis.

[0121] At step 1504, the controller 100 is configured to determine a first duty cycle that a first dosing pump associated with the first dosing system 52A is operating at and a second duty cycle that a second dosing pump associated with the second dosing system 52B is operating at before a key cycle in an untampered aftertreatment system. The controller 100 may set the first duty cycle and second duty cycle as baseline values of an appropriate duty cycle of how a healthy aftertreatment system operates.

[0122] At step 1506, the controller 100 is configured to determine a third duty cycle that a first dosing system 52A is operating at and a fourth duty cycle that the second dosing system 52B is operating at after the key cycle. In some embodiments, a user must initiate a key off event (e.g., turn off the vehicle) before mechanically or electrically tampering with the aftertreatment system 22. Then after the key off event, the user may initiate a key-on event (e.g., turn on the vehicle) to use the vehicle which may have been tampered with. Therefore, the controller 100 takes another measurement of the duty cycles for the first and second dosing pumps to determine whether the system has been tampered with. Specifically, if the third duty cycle and fourth duty cycles are larger than the first and second duty cycles respectively by a certain amount, the controller 100 may determine that tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system 22.

[0123] At step 1508, the controller 100 is configured to determine a first difference between the first duty cycle and the third duty cycle. At step 1510, the controller 100 is configured to determine a second difference between the second duty cycle and the fourth duty cycle. As mentioned above, these differences between the duty cycles may allow the controller 100 to determine whether tampering has occurred in the aftertreatment system. At steps 1512- 1514, the controller 100 is configured to compare the first difference and the second difference to a threshold to determine whether the first and second differences are above the threshold. In a healthy aftertreatment system, the duty cycle of the dosing pumps should be at a similar duty cycle (e.g., within 20 RPM) before and after key of and key on event. In contrast, in an unhealthy and tampered aftertreatment system where the dosing pump may be displaced, the dosing pump is supplying reductant to two dosers. Therefore, the duty cycle of the dosing pump increases because it is supplying reductant at double the rate. For example, referring nowto FIG. 16, a graph 1600 showing a duty cycle for a dosing pump of a healthy aftertreatment is shown, according to an example embodiment. Graph 1600 shows that the duty cycles 1602, 1604, and 1606 for the first and second dosing pump range between approximately 40-60 RPM. In contrast, and referring now to FIG. 17, a graph 1700 showing the duty cycle for a dosing pump of a tampered system after a key on event is shown, according to an example embodiment. Graph 1700 shows that the duty cycles 1702, 1704, and 1706 for the first and second dosing pump range between approximately 80-100 RPM. The difference between the duty cycle values shown in graph 1700 and graph 1600 is over a certain threshold (e.g., above 40 RPMs) which indicates that mechanical or electrical tampering is present in the aftertreatment system 22. Therefore, if the first difference and the second difference are above the threshold (e.g., above 40 RPMs), the controller 100 may be configured to determine that mechanical or electrical tampering is present in the aftertreatment system 22 at step 1516. If the first difference and the second difference are not above the threshold, the controller 100 may be configured to determine that mechanical or electrical tampering is not present in the aftertreatment system 22 at step 1518.[01241 Insome embodiments, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured to dose reductant to a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system using the first dosing system and the second dosing system. The controller is configured to determine, in response to the dosing, a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to apply a target pressure override to the first doser for a first time period in response to the first pressure value and the second pressure value reaching a first threshold. At the end of the first time period after applying the target pressure override, the controller is configured to determine a third pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a fourth pressure valueassociated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to determine a difference between the third pressure value and the fourth pressure value. The controller is configured to compare the difference to a second threshold. The controller is configured to generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0125] In some embodiments, the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value indicated by the first threshold. In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to dose.

[0126] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the second threshold. Tn some embodiments, the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment system leg comprising a first SCR of the SCR system, and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

[0127] In some embodiments, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured prime the first dosing pump while delaying priming of the second dosing pump for a first time period. The controller is configured to determine, in response to the priming of the first dosing pump for the first time period, a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller is configured to compare the difference to a threshold. The controller is configured to generate an indicationindicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0128] In some embodiments, determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the threshold. In some embodiments, the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment leg comprising a first SCR of an SCR system and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

[0129] In some embodiments, the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value indicated by the first threshold. In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to dose.

[0130] In some embodiments, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing pump for a first time period. The controller is configured to stop operation of the first dosing pump while continuing to operate the second dosing pump after the first time period. The controller is configured to determine, in response to stopping operation of the first dosing pump, a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor. The controller is configured to determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value. The controller is configured to compare the difference to a threshold. The controller is configured togenerate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0131] In some embodiments, determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the threshold. In some embodiments, the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment leg comprising a first SCR of an SCR system and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value indicated by the first threshold. In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to dose.

[0133] In some embodiments, an aftertreatment system comprises a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump. The aftertreatment system comprises a controller. The controller is configured to determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions. In response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, the controller is configured operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing pump for a first time period. The controller is configured to, after the first time period, determine a first duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a second duty cycle for the second dosing pump before a key cycle. The controller is configured to determine a third duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a fourth duty cycle for the second dosing pump after the key cycle. The controller is configured to determine a first difference between the first duty cycle and the third duty cycle. The controller is configured to determine a second difference between the second duty cycle and the fourth duty cycle. The controller is configured to compare the first difference and second difference to a threshold. The controlleris configured to generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

[0134] In some embodiments, determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the threshold. In some embodiments, the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment leg comprising a first SCR of an SCR system and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

[0135] In some embodiments, the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value indicated by the first threshold. In some embodiments, the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to doseIII. Construction of Example Embodiments

[0136] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

[0137] As utilized herein, the terms “substantially,” generally,” “approximately,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these termsare intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the invention as recited in the appended claims.

[0138] The terms “coupled” and the like, as used herein, mean the joining of two components directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two components or the two components and any additional intermediate components being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another, with the two components, or with the two components and any additional intermediate components being attached to one another.

[0139] The terms “fluidly coupled to” and the like, as used herein, mean the two components or objects have a pathway formed between the two components or objects in which a fluid, such as air, exhaust gas, liquid reductant, gaseous reductant, aqueous reductant, gaseous ammonia, etc., may flow, either with or without intervening components or objects. Examples of fluid couplings or configurations for enabling fluid communication may include piping, channels, or any other suitable components for enabling the flow of a fluid from one component or object to another.

[0140] ft is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the system shown in the various example embodiments is illustrative only and not restrictive in character. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit and / or scope of the described embodiments are desired to be protected. It should be understood that some features may not be necessary, and embodiments lacking the various features may be contemplated as within the scope of the application, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. When the language “a portion” is used, the item can include a portion and / or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.

[0141] Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, orall of the elements in the list. Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, orX, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one ofY, and at least one of Z to each be present, unless otherwise indicated.

[0142] Additionally, the use of ranges of values (e.g., W to P, etc.) herein are inclusive of their maximum values and minimum values (e.g., W to P includes W and includes P, etc.), unless otherwise indicated. Furthermore, a range of values (e.g., W to P, etc.) does not necessarily require the inclusion of intermediate values within the range of values (e g., W to P can include only W and P, etc.), unless otherwise indicated.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An aftertreatment system comprising: a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump; a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump; and a controller configured to: determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, dose reductant to a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system using the first dosing system and the second dosing system; in response to the dosing, determine a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor; apply a target pressure override to the first doser for a first time period in response to the first pressure value and the second pressure value reaching a first threshold; at the end of the first time period after applying the target pressure override, determine a third pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a fourth pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor; determine a difference between the third pressure value and the fourth pressure value; compare the difference to a second threshold; and generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

2. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the second threshold.

3. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment system leg comprising a first SCR of the SCR system, and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

4. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value indicated by the first threshold.

5. The aftertreatment system of claim 1, wherein the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to dose.

6. An aftertreatment system comprising: a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump; a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump; and a controller configured to: determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, prime the first dosing pump while delaying priming of the second dosing pump for a first time period; in response to the priming of the first dosing pump and delaying priming of the second pump for the first time period, determine a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, and determine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor; determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value; compare the difference to a threshold; and generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

7. The aftertreatment system of claim 6, wherein the controller is further configured to determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the threshold.

8. The aftertreatment system of claim 6, wherein the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment leg comprising a first SCR of an SCR system and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

9. The aftertreatment system of claim 6, wherein the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value.

10. The aftertreatment system of claim 6, wherein the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to dose.

11. An aftertreatment system comprising: a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first pressure sensor, and a first dosing pump; a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second pressure sensor, and a second dosing pump, and a controller configured to: determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions; in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, operate the first dosing pump and the second dosing pump for a first time period; after the first time period, stop operation of the first dosing pump while continuing to operate the second dosing pump; in response to stopping operation of the first dosing pump, determine a first pressure value associated with the first dosing system using the first pressure sensor, anddetermine a second pressure value associated with the second dosing system using the second pressure sensor; determine a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value; compare the difference to a threshold; and generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

12. The aftertreatment system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the threshold.

13. The aftertreatment system of claim 11, wherein the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment leg comprising a first SCR of an SCR system and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

14. The aftertreatment system of claim 11, wherein the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value.

15. The aftertreatment system of claim 11, wherein the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to dose.

16. An aftertreatment system comprising: a first dosing system comprising a first doser, a first dosing pump, and a first pressure sensor; a second dosing system comprising a second doser, a second dosing pump, and a second pressure sensor; and a controller configured to: determine satisfaction of one or more enabling conditions;in response to the satisfaction of the one or more enabling conditions, determine a first duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a second duty cycle for the second dosing pump before a key cycle; determine a third duty cycle for the first dosing pump and a fourth duty cycle for the second dosing pump after the key cycle; determine a first difference between the first duty cycle and the third duty cycle; determine a second difference between the second duty cycle and the fourth duty cycle; compare the first difference and second difference to a threshold; and generate an indication indicative of an electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system based on the comparison.

17. The aftertreatment system of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to determine that there is electrical or mechanical disruption in the first dosing system in response to the difference being below the threshold.

18. The aftertreatment system of claim 16, wherein the first dosing system is part of a first aftertreatment leg comprising a first SCR of an SCR system and the second dosing system is part of a second aftertreatment leg comprising a second SCR of the SCR system.

19. The aftertreatment system of claim 16, wherein the first time period is a time period required for the first pressure value and the second pressure value to reach a target pressure value.

20. The aftertreatment system of claim 16, wherein the one or more enabling conditions comprise a condition that no faults are present in the aftertreatment system or that the aftertreatment system is ready to dose.

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