Interlayer film for laminated glass, and laminated glass

Abstract

Provided is an interlayer film for laminated glass, which is a multilayer film having two or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the multilayer film includes a filler (A) containing a metal oxide, the saturation (Rc*1) of reflected light measured from one surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass is in the range of 0.5-35.0, and the saturation (Tc*2) of transmitted light measured from the other surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass is 4.0 or more.

Description

Interlayer film for laminated glass, and laminated glass

[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass having the interlayer film for laminated glass.

[0002] Laminated glass is safe because it shatters little if it is broken by an external impact, and is therefore widely used as window glass for various vehicles such as automobiles and for windows in buildings, etc. A widely known type of laminated glass is one in which a pair of panes of glass are integrated together by sandwiching an interlayer film for laminated glass containing a resin component such as a polyvinyl acetal resin between them.

[0003] In recent years, interlayer films for laminated glass have often been required to have a design feature, and they are sometimes colored by incorporating a colorant into the interlayer film for laminated glass. It is also known that metal particles are incorporated into interlayer films for laminated glass for coloring purposes. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a metal pigment is incorporated into an interlayer film for laminated glass, which comprises polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer. Patent Document 1 also discloses that the interlayer film for laminated glass may further contain a coloring material such as a pigment or dye in a resin composition containing the metal pigment. An example of the metal pigment is a plate-like mica pigment coated with a metal oxide.

[0004] International Publication No. 2016 / 028963

[0005] In recent years, the designs of window glass for automobiles and buildings have become increasingly diverse, and there is a demand for a variety of expressions in automobiles, for example. However, conventional interlayer films for laminated glass containing pigments or dyes only color the window glass and are unable to sufficiently enhance the design. Furthermore, as shown in Patent Document 1, it is possible to create a glossy appearance by adding a metallic pigment, but simply creating a glossy appearance is not enough to achieve a satisfactory design.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that can provide a metallic look while enhancing design properties.

[0007] As a result of extensive investigations, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by providing a layer containing a metal oxide filler, and by ensuring that the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one side of the interlayer film for laminated glass is within a certain range, while the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other side is a predetermined value or greater, and have completed the present invention as described below. That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to

[17] . [1] An interlayer film for laminated glass, which is a multilayer film with two or more layers, at least one layer of which contains a filler (A) containing a metal oxide, wherein the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one side of the interlayer film for laminated glass is in the range of 0.5 to 35.0, and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other side of the interlayer film for laminated glass is 4.0 or greater. [2] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to [1] above, comprising a first layer containing the filler (A) and at least one second layer, wherein the color difference ΔE between visible light transmitted through the first layer and visible light transmitted through the at least one second layer in the L*a*b* color system is greater than 0 and less than 100. [3] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to [2] above, wherein the visible light transmitted through the first layer has a chroma c* of 25.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system, and the visible light transmitted through the at least one second layer has a chroma c* of 90.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system. [4] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [3] above, comprising a first layer containing the filler (A) and at least two second layers, wherein the color difference ΔE in the L*a*b* color system between visible light transmitted through one of the second layers and visible light transmitted through another of the second layers is greater than 0 and less than 100. [5] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [4] above, comprising a first layer containing the filler (A) and at least one second layer containing a colorant. [6] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [5] above, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the chroma (Rc*1) and the chroma (Rc*2) of reflected light measured from the other surface is 0.0 or more and 35.0 or less.[7] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [6] above, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the saturation of the reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of the transmitted light (Tc*2) is 2.0 or more and 35.0 or less. [8] Laminated glass comprising the interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [7] above, a first laminated glass member, and a second laminated glass member, wherein the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. [9] A laminated glass comprising an interlayer film for laminated glass, a first laminated glass member, and a second laminated glass member, wherein the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film for laminated glass comprises a layer containing a filler (A) containing a metal oxide, wherein the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one surface of the laminated glass is in the range of 0.5 to 35.0, and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other surface of the laminated glass is 4.0 or more.

[10] The laminated glass according to [9] above, wherein at least one of the first and second laminated glass members is colored glass.

[11] The laminated glass according to [9] or

[10] above, wherein the interlayer film is a multilayer film.

[12] The laminated glass according to

[11] above, wherein at least one of the first and second laminated glass members is colored glass, and the interlayer film further comprises a colored layer.

[13] The laminated glass according to any one of [9] to

[12] above, wherein the color difference in the L*a*b* color system between the visible light transmitted through the first laminated glass member and the visible light transmitted through the second laminated glass member is greater than 0 and less than 100.

[14] The laminated glass according to any one of [9] to

[13] above, wherein the chroma c* of the visible light transmitted color of the first laminated glass member is 2.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system, and the chroma c* of the visible light transmitted color of the second laminated glass member is 10.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system.

[15] The laminated glass according to any one of [9] to

[14] above, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the chroma of the reflected light (Rc*1) and the chroma of the reflected light (Rc*2) measured from the other surface of the laminated glass is 0.0 or more and 35.0 or less.

[16] The laminated glass according to any one of the above [9] to

[15] , wherein the absolute value of the difference between the saturation of the reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of the transmitted light (Tc*2) is 2.0 or more and 35.0 or less.

[17] An automobile comprising an automobile body and a window glass attached to the automobile body, wherein the window glass is the laminated glass according to any one of the above [8] to

[16] .

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that has a metallic appearance and also has improved design properties.

[0009] Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a flat-plate-shaped filler (A) having a laminated structure; Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass; Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass; Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass.

[0010] The present invention will be described in more detail below. The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "interlayer film") is a multilayer film including two or more resin layers, and at least one layer of the multilayer film includes a filler (A) containing a metal oxide. Furthermore, the interlayer film has a chroma of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one side in the range of 0.5 to 35.0, and a chroma of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other side in the range of 4.0 or more. By having the above configuration, the present invention can achieve an appearance that has a colored metallic feel when observed from one side, while having a consistent color when observed from the other side. Therefore, for example, it is possible to create a window glass that has a colored metallic feel when viewed from the outdoor side (the exterior side of an automobile) and a consistent color when viewed from the indoor side (the interior side of an automobile), thereby achieving an interlayer film with high design potential. The interlayer film of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0011] (Saturation of Reflected Light (Rc*1)) The interlayer film of the present invention has a saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one surface in the range of 0.5 or more and 35.0 or less. If the saturation (Rc*1) is less than 0.5, the light may not be sufficiently reflected from one surface of the interlayer film, or it may be difficult to color the reflected light, making it difficult to create a colored metallic effect through the reflected light. On the other hand, if the saturation (Rc*1) is higher than 35.0, the light may be reflected more than necessary, resulting in an excessively strong metallic effect or an excessively strong hue of the metallic effect, which may result in a decrease in design. In addition, problems such as a decrease in see-through may occur. From the viewpoint of creating a sufficient colored metallic effect through the reflected light, the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) is preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 5.0 or more, even more preferably 10.0 or more, and even more preferably 12.0 or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of providing a suitable color tone and a suitable metallic feel while improving transparency, the saturation (Rc*1) is preferably 32.0 or less, more preferably 25.0 or less, even more preferably 20.0 or less, and even more preferably 16.0 or less.

[0012] (Saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2)) The interlayer film of the present invention has a saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other surface of 4.0 or more. If the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) is lower than 4.0, it becomes difficult to achieve a sufficiently colored appearance when viewed from the other surface, making it difficult to obtain high designability. From the viewpoint of further enhancing designability, the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) is more preferably 10.0 or more, even more preferably 15.0 or more, and even more preferably 22.0 or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of achieving an appropriately subdued impression when observed from the other surface, the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) may be, for example, 50.0 or less, preferably 44.0 or less, more preferably 40.0 or less, even more preferably 38.0 or less, and even more preferably 34.0 or less.

[0013] (Difference in Saturation of Reflected Light (|Rc*1-Rc*2|)) In the present invention, the absolute value of the difference (|Rc*1-Rc*2|) between the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one surface of the interlayer film and the saturation of reflected light (Rc*2) measured from the other surface of the interlayer film is, for example, 0.0 or more and 35.0 or less. |Rc*1-Rc*2| is preferably 8.0 or more, more preferably 9.0 or more, even more preferably 10.0 or more, still more preferably 11.0 or more, and preferably 35.0 or less, more preferably 14.5 or less, and even more preferably 14.0 or less. By setting the absolute value of the difference in saturation of reflected light |Rc*1-Rc*2| within the above range, it is possible to change the hue and degree of reflection of the reflected light from one surface and the reflected light from the other surface, and it is possible to produce a colored metallic effect on one surface while suppressing the metallic effect on the other surface. Furthermore, Rc*1 is preferably higher than Rc*2. When Rc*1 is higher, a colored metallic appearance is reliably produced when observed from one side of the interlayer film, while the metallic appearance is more easily suppressed when observed from the other side.

[0014] (Difference in saturation between reflected light and transmitted light (|Rc*1-Tc*2|)) The absolute value (|Rc*1-Tc*2|) of the difference between the saturation of reflected light measured from one surface (Rc*1) and the saturation of transmitted light measured from the other surface of the interlayer film is, for example, 2.0 or more and 35.0 or less. By setting |Rc*1-Tc*2| within the specified range as described above, it is possible to change the color tone when observing reflected light from one surface and when observing transmitted light from the other surface, resulting in an interlayer film with a more aesthetically pleasing design. For example, it is possible to create a colored metallic effect when observed from one surface, while suppressing the metallic effect when observed from the other surface to create a nuanced color with a subdued impression while still maintaining a consistent hue. |Rc*1 - Tc*2| is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 8.0 or more, even more preferably 12.0 or more, and is preferably 30.0 or less, preferably 25.0 or less, and even more preferably 20.0 or less. Furthermore, Tc*2 is preferably higher than Rc*1. A high Tc*2 ensures a moderate metallic feel when observed from one side, while allowing a sufficient sense of color when observed from the other side. It also makes it easier to ensure the transparency of the interlayer film.

[0015] The saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one side of the interlayer film was obtained by separating the clear glass sheet and the interlayer film from a laminated glass produced by bonding two clear glass sheets together via the interlayer film, and measuring the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) from either side of the interlayer film obtained by separating the clear glass sheet and the interlayer film. The saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other side of the interlayer film was obtained by measuring the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) from the side opposite to the side on which the saturation of the interlayer film (Rc*1) was measured. The laminated glass and the method for separating the interlayer film from the laminated glass may be prepared by the methods described in the Examples. Therefore, as long as the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one side of the interlayer film is within the above-mentioned range and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other side is within the above-mentioned range, either surface of the interlayer film may be the one side.

[0016] Furthermore, in the interlayer film of the present invention, the chroma of reflected light (Rc*1), the chroma of transmitted light (Tc*2), |Rc*1-Rc*2|, and |Rc*1-Tc*2| can be adjusted to fall within the above-described predetermined ranges by incorporating a filler (A) in the first layer and appropriately adjusting the chroma c* of a layer other than the first layer (the second layer), as will be described later.

[0017] [First Layer] In the present invention, at least one resin layer of the multilayer film is a layer containing a filler (A) containing a metal oxide (hereinafter also referred to as the "first layer"). By including the first layer, the interlayer film of the present invention can produce a metallic appearance when observed from one side. The filler (A) is preferably a filler having visible light reflecting properties, and is formed from a specific material, and by having visible light reflecting properties, it is easy to produce a metallic appearance.

[0018] Examples of the metal oxide in the filler (A) include titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, and tungsten oxide. Among these, titanium oxide and silicon oxide are preferred from the viewpoint of easily producing a metallic appearance. Titanium oxide is titanium dioxide (TiO ２ ), and may be of the rutile type, the anatase type, or the brookite type. Silicon oxide is silicon dioxide (SiO ２ ) The metal oxides may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The filler (A) may be a metal oxide filler composed of a metal oxide, or a composite filler composed of a metal oxide and a component other than the metal oxide.

[0019] The fillers (A) containing metal oxides are preferably fillers containing two or more compounds in each particle, and are preferably fillers containing two or more metal oxides in each particle, or fillers containing a metal oxide and a non-metallic material such as mica or glass in each particle. Among these, the fillers (A) are more preferably fillers containing two or more metal oxides in each particle.

[0020] In each particle, the filler containing two or more compounds preferably has a multilayer structure. Specific examples include fillers having a multilayer structure of two or more metal oxides, fillers having a multilayer structure of a metal oxide and mica, and fillers having a multilayer structure of a metal oxide and glass. When the filler (A) has the multilayer structure described above, the first layer can easily adjust the a* and b* values ​​of the reflected light of the filler (A), which will be described later. Among the above, it is more preferable that each filler (A) has a multilayer structure of two or more metal oxides. When the filler (A) has a multilayer structure of two or more metal oxides, it can easily impart a metallic feel to the reflected light. Furthermore, it is easier to ensure the light transmittance of the first layer, making it easier to improve the see-through properties.

[0021] In the metal oxide multilayer structure, it is preferable that the refractive indexes of two or more metal oxides are different from each other. By forming layers with different refractive indexes using metal oxides with different refractive indexes, it is easier to ensure a moderate metallic effect due to reflection between the layers, and it is also easier to adjust the a* and b* values ​​of the reflected light of the filler (A) described below. Furthermore, in a filler having a metal oxide multilayer structure, it is preferable that the layers formed by metal oxides with different refractive indexes are adjacent to each other. From the viewpoint of improving see-through visibility and metallic effect, the refractive index difference between the metal oxides with different refractive indexes is preferably 0.1 or more and 1.2 or less. The refractive index difference is more preferably 0.3 or more and 1.1 or less, and even more preferably 0.6 or more and 1.05 or less.

[0022] In filler (A) having a multilayer structure of two or more metal oxides, the thickness ratio between layers formed by different metal oxides is preferably 1:2 to 1:15. Filler (A) having such a thickness ratio facilitates the creation of a metallic appearance. The thickness ratio is more preferably 1:3 to 1:13, and even more preferably 1:4 to 1:11. Furthermore, by controlling the thickness ratio, filler (A) can also change the hue (a*, b*) of reflected light. The thickness ratio is the average value of values ​​measured by observing 50 random particles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like.

[0023] The two or more metal oxides are preferably selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, and tungsten oxide, with titanium oxide and silicon oxide being preferred. Filler (A) more preferably contains both titanium oxide and silicon oxide, and more preferably has a multilayer structure of a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer. Filler (A) is preferably a metal oxide particle having a multilayer structure formed from two or more metal oxides as described above, and is preferably a particle in which a metal oxide particle (a middle layer described later) made of at least one metal oxide is coated with at least one different metal oxide.

[0024] The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxide and glass is preferably formed from glass and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, and tungsten oxide. Among these, the metal oxide is preferably titanium oxide, silicon oxide, or both. The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxide and glass more preferably has a multilayer structure of a glass layer and a metal oxide layer, and in particular, it is preferred that the middle layer constituting the glass layer is a particle coated with a metal oxide (preferably titanium oxide, silicon oxide, or both).

[0025] The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of a metal oxide and mica is preferably formed from mica and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, and tungsten oxide, and among these, titanium oxide is preferred as the metal oxide.The filler (A) having a multilayer structure of a metal oxide and mica more preferably has a multilayer structure of a mica layer and a metal oxide layer, and in particular, it is preferred that the middle layer constituting the mica layer is a particle coated with a metal oxide (preferably titanium oxide).

[0026] The shape of the filler (A) may be any of a polygonal shape such as a sphere or a quadrangular prism, a polygonal pyramid shape such as a triangular pyramid or a quadrangular pyramid, a cylindrical shape, a cone shape, an irregular shape, a needle shape, a fiber shape, a flat shape, etc., but a flat shape is preferable. When the filler (A) has a flat shape, it can be oriented along the surface direction of the interlayer film as described below, which makes it easier to reflect a certain amount of incident visible light while improving the transparency of the interlayer film. In addition, the regular reflection makes it less likely for light scattering to occur, making it easier to reduce the haze of the laminated glass.

[0027] When the flat-plate-shaped filler (A) has the above-mentioned multilayer structure, it is preferable that multiple layers are provided along the thickness direction, and preferably 2 to 5 layers, more preferably 2 to 4 layers, and even more preferably 3 layers are provided along the thickness direction. A multilayer-structured filler emits various colors due to interference of reflected light generated by reflection at the interfaces between the layers and on the filler surface, and the color of the reflected light of each filler (i.e., the values ​​of a* and b*) can be changed, for example, by changing the thickness of the layer on the surface side of the multilayer structure (e.g., coating layer 11 described below).

[0028] A specific example of a flat-plate-shaped filler (A) having a three-layer structure is shown in FIG. 1. When the filler (A) has a three-layer structure, as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable that the filler (A) has an intermediate layer 10 and coating layers 11 and 12 provided on both sides of the intermediate layer 10. The filler shown in FIG. 1 preferably has a multilayer structure of metal oxides, and the metal oxides forming the coating layers 11 and 12 are preferably different from the metal oxide forming the intermediate layer 10. The metal oxides forming the coating layers 11 and 12 are preferably the same. The refractive index of the metal oxides forming the coating layers 11 and 12 is preferably higher than the refractive index of the intermediate layer 10. By relatively increasing the refractive index of the coating layers 11 and 12, light is transmitted while being appropriately reflected, which makes it easier to improve both the transparency and metallic feel of the interlayer film. Furthermore, because the three-layer structure has a higher refractive index of the metal oxides in the coating layers 11 and 12 than that of the middle layer 10, light incident from either of the two surfaces is appropriately reflected, thereby more effectively ensuring transparency and creating a metallic appearance. The preferred value for the difference in refractive index between the coating layers 11 and 12 and the middle layer 10 is as described above. The thickness of each of the coating layers 11 and 12 is preferably smaller than that of the middle layer 10. The preferred specific thickness ratio (each coating layer:middle layer) is as shown in the thickness ratio between the layers.

[0029] In the plate-shaped filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxides, it is particularly preferred that the coating layers 11 and 12 are both titanium oxide layers and the middle layer 10 is a silicon oxide layer. The plate-shaped filler (A) is not limited to the above-mentioned three-layer structure, and may have a two-layer structure, in which case one of the coating layers 11 and 12 may be omitted. It may also have a multilayer structure of four or more layers.

[0030] The average particle size (D50) of each filler (A) is, for example, 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or more and 90 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or more and 80 μm or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of achieving both transparency and a metallic finish while easily suppressing light scattering in the interlayer film, the average particle size of the filler (A) having a multilayer structure of metal oxide is preferably 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or more and 18 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or more and 16 μm or less. The average particle size (D50) is a value measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer, and the value (D50) at which the cumulative volume is 50% is defined as the average particle size.

[0031] The thickness of the filler (A) is preferably 0.01 μm or more and 4 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 3.5 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.2 μm or more and 3 μm or less, from the viewpoint of easily ensuring transparency and easily producing a metallic feel. The thickness of the filler (A) is the average value of values ​​measured by observing 50 random particles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like. The thickness of the filler (A) may be the length in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the filler, in which the maximum length is the shortest, and the thickness of the plate-shaped filler (A) is the length in the vertical direction in FIG. 1.

[0032] The aspect ratio of the filler (A) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1.1 or more, even more preferably 1.2 or more, and preferably 50 or less, more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 15 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less. The above aspect ratios facilitate a metallic appearance while improving transparency. Furthermore, as described below, by orienting the filler (A) along the surface direction of the interlayer film, it is possible to reflect a certain amount of incident visible light while further improving the transparency of the interlayer film. Furthermore, by setting the aspect ratio to 50 or less, it is possible to prevent the average particle size (D50) of the filler (A) from becoming unnecessarily large. The aspect ratio of the filler (A) is the ratio of the length of the major axis to the length of the minor axis of the filler (A) observed with a scanning electron microscope. The major axis and minor axis refer to the major axis and minor axis of the filler (A) when viewed in a planar view along the thickness direction. For a flat-shaped filler, these refer to the longitudinal direction and the direction perpendicular to the surface direction.

[0033] When the filler (A) has orientable anisotropy, such as when it has a flat plate shape, it is preferable that its longitudinal direction be oriented along the plane direction of the interlayer film. Furthermore, when it has a flat plate shape, it is preferable that the plane direction of the filler (A) be oriented along the plane direction of the interlayer film. That is, the flat-shaped filler (A) is preferably oriented so that the thickness direction of the filler (A) is oriented along the thickness direction of the interlayer film. The filler (A) having the above orientation appropriately reflects light traveling along the thickness direction of the interlayer film while partially transmitting the light, and can also suppress light scattering caused by the filler (A). This makes it easier to further reduce haze and improve transparency. In the first layer, one type of filler (A) may be used alone, or two or more types of fillers (A) may be used in combination.

[0034] The method for producing the filler (A) is not particularly limited, and for example, a filler (A) having a multilayer structure may be produced by coating particles formed from a metal oxide with another metal oxide, or by coating particles formed from mica or glass with a metal oxide. Alternatively, a sheet formed from a metal oxide may be coated with another metal oxide and then crushed to form a flat-plate-shaped filler (A). A commercially available product may be used as the filler (A).

[0035] The filler (A) preferably has an a* of reflected light of -11.0 or more and 9.0 or less, and an b* of -10 or more and 10 or less, and more preferably has an a* of reflected light of -9.0 or more and 7.0 or less, and an b* of -8.5 or more and 8.5 or less. When the a* and b* of the filler (A) are within the above ranges, the filler (A) does not impart an excessive hue, making it easier to obtain a luxurious metallic feel. Furthermore, when two or more fillers (A) are contained, it is preferable that the a* and b* of each filler are within the above ranges. The a* and b* of reflected light of each filler can be adjusted by the material, structure, size, etc. of the filler. For example, in a multilayered filler, as described above, by appropriately adjusting the thickness of each layer, such as a coating layer, a filler can be obtained that has the desired a* and b* of reflected light.

[0036] The a* and b* of the reflected light of each filler are the a* and b* of the reflected light measured on a laminated glass prepared by preparing an interlayer film containing 0.05% by mass of the filler and bonding two standard clear glass sheets via the obtained interlayer film. Here, the interlayer film is prepared under the same conditions as those for the first layer described in Example 1, and the laminated glass is also prepared under the same conditions as those for Example 1. In addition, in this specification, a* and b* are chromaticity a* and b* in the L*a*b* color system.

[0037] When the filler (A) contains two or more types of fillers, the filler (A) preferably contains two or more types that reflect light of different colors, and preferably contains at least two types of fillers that are complementary to each other. The first layer contains multiple fillers of different colors, particularly complementary colors, which tend to cancel out each other's colors. Therefore, the filler (A) tends to create a strong metallic gray color. Therefore, adding a color to the entire interlayer film or the entire laminated glass with a colored layer or the like can easily create a luxurious impression. Here, the two types of fillers (first and second fillers) that are complementary to each other do not necessarily have a strict complementary color relationship; they may be mixed together so that the saturation of the mixed filler is lower than that of either filler. Furthermore, the two types of fillers (first and second fillers) that are complementary to each other preferably have opposite signs (+, -) for both the a* and b* of the reflected light. In other words, for fillers of complementary colors, if the a* of the reflected light of one filler is positive, then the a* of the reflected light of the other filler is negative, and if the b* of the reflected light of one filler is positive, then the b* of the reflected light of the other filler is negative.

[0038] The ratio of the content of the second filler to the content of the first filler in the first layer (second filler / first filler) is preferably 1 / 8 to 8 / 1 in mass ratio, more preferably 1 / 4 to 4 / 1 in mass ratio, and even more preferably 1 / 2 to 2 / 1 in mass ratio. By keeping the content ratio within the above range, it becomes easier to achieve a metallic feel that is an achromatic color with a strong gray impression.

[0039] The content of the filler (A) in the first layer is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.6% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the first layer. A total content of 0.01% by mass or more facilitates the creation of an appropriate metallic appearance. Furthermore, a content of 0.6% by mass or less prevents unnecessary reflection of light in the first layer, reduces haze, and ensures transparency of the laminated glass. From these viewpoints, the content of the filler (A) is more preferably 0.02% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.04% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.06% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.35% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.2% by mass or less.

[0040] The saturation c* of the first layer is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 25.0 or less, preferably 15.0 or less, more preferably 10.0 or less, and even more preferably 5.0 or less. By setting the saturation c* of the first layer to a certain value or less, the gray color impression is strengthened when observed from one side, making it easier to create a luxurious metallic feel. Furthermore, by using the first layer in combination with a second layer having a relatively high saturation c*, such as a colored layer described below, it is possible to impart a heavy metallic feel, with a color corresponding to the colorant, while maintaining the gray color impression. The saturation c* of the first layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 or more. However, from the viewpoint of enhancing the design by adding a certain color, it is more preferably 1.0 or more, even more preferably 1.5 or more.

[0041] The chroma c* of the first layer is the chroma c* of visible light transmitted in the L*a*b* color system. The optical properties, such as the chroma c* of the first layer, are values ​​calculated from the L*a*b* of visible light transmitted through the interlayer film obtained by separating the clear glass sheets from the interlayer film in a laminated glass produced by bonding two clear glass sheets together via the first layer. The laminated glass and the method for separating the interlayer film from the laminated glass may be prepared by methods described in the Examples. The same applies to the chroma c* of the second layer described below. Furthermore, the color difference ΔE(A) between the first and second layers and the color difference ΔE(B) between the second layers described below are also values ​​calculated from the L*a*b* of visible light transmitted through the interlayer film obtained by separating the clear glass sheets from the interlayer film in a laminated glass produced by bonding two clear glass sheets together via the respective layers.

[0042] The first layer may contain a colorant as long as the chroma c* is within the above range, but it is preferable that the first layer is substantially free of colorant. Details of the colorant will be described later. By substantially not containing a colorant, the first layer is less likely to block the reflection of the filler (A) by the colorant in the first layer, and the first layer is more likely to produce a metallic effect. Note that "substantially not containing a colorant" means that no colorant is intentionally blended into the first layer, and the specific colorant content in the first layer is, for example, less than 0.0001% by mass, preferably less than 0.00001% by mass, and most preferably 0% by mass, based on the total amount of the first layer.

[0043] [Second Layer] The interlayer film of the present invention is a multilayer film including two or more resin layers. By including two or more resin layers, it becomes easier to make the appearance when observed from one side of the interlayer film different from the appearance when observed from the other side, for example, it becomes possible to make the color tone when observed from one side different from the color tone when observed from the other side, which makes it easier to improve the design.

[0044] In the present invention, the resin layer includes a first layer containing a filler (A) and a second layer that is a layer separate from the first layer. The interlayer film may include one or more second layers. The first layer and at least one second layer preferably have different colors. Specifically, the color difference ΔE (sometimes referred to as ΔE(A)) between the visible light transmitted through the first layer and the visible light transmitted through the at least one second layer in the L*a*b* color system is preferably greater than 0 and less than 100. The color difference ΔE(A) is preferably 1.0 or greater but 95.0 or less, more preferably 5.0 or greater but 90.0 or less, and even more preferably 7.0 or greater but 85.0 or less. By making the first layer and the second layer different in color, the color tone when the interlayer film is observed from one side can be easily made different from the color tone when observed from the other side, which makes it easier to adjust the above-mentioned Rc*1 and Tc*2 to the specified ranges.

[0045] The second layer preferably includes a colored layer, as described below. Specific examples of the colored layer include a gray layer and a colored layer, as described below. The second layer also preferably includes both a gray layer and a colored layer, but the color difference ΔE (A) between the second layer and the first layer is easier to achieve with a colored layer than with a gray layer. Therefore, the at least one second layer whose color difference ΔE (A) between the second layer and the first layer is within a predetermined range may be either a gray layer or a colored layer, or both, but preferably includes at least a colored layer.

[0046] (Colored Layer) The second layer preferably includes a colored layer containing a colorant. The colorant may be dispersed in the resin constituting the colored layer. By including a colored layer as the second layer, the interlayer film can be colored to a desired color. Furthermore, by including a colored layer in the interlayer film, incident light and light reflected by the first layer are absorbed by the colored layer. Therefore, the color and brightness of the transmitted light and its reflected light incident from one side of the interlayer film are sufficiently changed, making it easier to adjust the saturation of the reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of the transmitted light (Tc*2) within the above-mentioned predetermined range. Furthermore, while a strong metallic color is apparent when viewed from one side, a more subdued, nuanced color with a subdued metallic appearance can be achieved when viewed from the other side, thereby enhancing the design.

[0047] The colored layer may contain a colored colorant to become a colored layer having a hue, or may contain a black colorant to become a gray layer having substantially no hue. The interlayer film preferably contains both a colored layer and a gray layer as the second layer. Examples of colored colorants include blue colorants, yellow colorants, red colorants, purple colorants, and green colorants. The black colorant may be a single-component colorant that produces black, or a mixture of two or more components that produces black.

[0048] In the present invention, the interlayer film preferably has a colored layer as a colored layer. By having a colored layer, it is possible to create an appearance with a consistent hue, such as a nuanced color, while still producing a colored metallic effect when observed from one side and suppressing the metallic effect when observed from the other side. Furthermore, it becomes easier to set the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) within a predetermined range, and to set |Rc*1-Tc*2| and |Rc*1-Rc*2| within a predetermined range.

[0049] It is more preferable that the interlayer film has a gray layer in addition to the colored layer as a colored layer. By further including a gray layer, the interlayer film can further suppress the metallic appearance when observed from the other surface side, giving the interlayer film a more subdued appearance and enhancing its design properties. In addition, it becomes easier to adjust values ​​such as the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1), the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2), |Rc*1-Tc*2|, and |Rc*1-Rc*2| to suitable values.

[0050] The colorant may be a pigment or dye that is conventionally incorporated into interlayer films for laminated glass. Furthermore, pigments are preferred because they can effectively color the interlayer film with a small amount. Examples of pigments include phthalocyanine pigments such as quinacridone pigments, copper phthalocyanine pigments, and cobalt phthalocyanine pigments, azo pigments, anthraquinone (anthraquinone) pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, perylene pigments, carbon black, titanium oxide pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, thioindigo pigments, Ni complex pigments, perinone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, threne pigments, dioxazine pigments, pyrrocholine pigments, calcium carbonate, and derivatives thereof. In each colored layer, one colorant may be used alone, or two or more colorants may be used in combination.

[0051] Among the above, from the viewpoints of durability and compatibility with the film, the colored colorant is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of quinacridone pigments, copper phthalocyanine pigments, cobalt phthalocyanine pigments, nickel complex azo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, threne pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, and perylene pigments, and among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of quinacridone pigments, copper phthalocyanine pigments, nickel complex azo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, and perylene pigments is more preferred. On the other hand, carbon black is preferred as the black colorant.

[0052] The colorant content in each colored layer (colored layer, gray layer, or both) is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less. A content of 0.0001% by mass or more allows the colorant to sufficiently absorb transmitted light and light reflected by the first layer, thereby enabling the design viewed from one side of the laminated glass to be sufficiently different from the design viewed from the other side, thereby enhancing the design. Furthermore, by setting the content in the colored layer to be equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, appropriate coloring can be achieved. On the other hand, for the gray layer and the low-saturation colored layer described below, by setting the content in the gray layer or the low-saturation colored layer described below to be equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, the hue when viewed from the other side is suppressed, for example, to create a subdued impression. Furthermore, setting the content in the gray layer or the low-saturation colored layer described below to be equal to or less than 0.3% by mass prevents excessive light absorption by the colorant, making it easier to maintain the transparency of the laminated glass and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) at certain values ​​or higher. From the above viewpoints, the content of the colorant in each colored layer is more preferably 0.001% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.005% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.15% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.07% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.035% by mass or less.

[0053] The chroma c* of at least one second layer is, for example, 90.0 or less, preferably 80.0 or less, more preferably 40.0 or less, and preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 5.0 or more. Note that the interlayer film may have two or more second layers, and in such a case, it is preferable that the chroma c* of at least two second layers is within the above range. Note that it is preferable that the chroma c* of at least one second layer is higher than the chroma c* of the first layer, but the chroma c* of at least two second layers may be higher than the chroma c* of the first layer.

[0054] The interlayer film preferably has at least two second layers as described above. When there are at least two second layers, the at least two second layers preferably have different colors. Specifically, the color difference ΔE (sometimes referred to as color difference ΔE(B)) in the L*a*b* color system between the visible light transmitted through one of the second layers and the visible light transmitted through another of the second layers is preferably greater than 0 and less than 100. This color difference ΔE(B) is preferably 25.0 or greater but 95.0 or less, more preferably 35.0 or greater but 90.0 or less, and even more preferably 45.0 or greater but 85.0 or less. By having the two second layers have different colors, it is possible to easily differentiate the color tone when observed from one side from the color tone when observed from the other side. Furthermore, it is also easy to adjust values ​​such as Rc*1, Tc*2, |Rc*1-Rc*2|, and |Rc*1-Tc*2| within desired ranges. It is preferable that the at least two second layers having the color difference ΔE(B) within the above-mentioned predetermined range are all colored layers, and it is more preferable that one layer is a colored layer and the other layer is a gray layer, but it is also possible that one layer is a high-saturation colored layer described below and the other layer is a low-saturation colored layer. It is preferable that either the color difference ΔE(B) or the color difference ΔE(A) satisfy the above-mentioned predetermined requirement, but it is preferable that both satisfy the above-mentioned predetermined requirement.

[0055] The colored layer may be a gray layer or a colored layer. The chroma c* of the gray layer is preferably 20.0 or less, more preferably 15.0 or less, and even more preferably 8.0 or less. By setting the c* of the gray layer to a certain value or less, the chroma (Tc*2) of transmitted light can be prevented from becoming too high, resulting in a more subdued hue when viewed from the other side. Furthermore, it is easy to adjust |Rc*1-Rc*2| and |Rc*1-Tc*2| within the desired range. The chroma c* of the gray layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, and even more preferably 6.0 or more.

[0056] The saturation c* of the colored layer is preferably 90.0 or less, more preferably 85.0 or less, even more preferably 80.0 or less, and preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 30.0 or more, and even more preferably 50.0 or more. When the interlayer film includes a colored layer and a gray layer, the saturation c* of the colored layer is greater than the saturation c* of the gray layer. By setting the saturation c* of the colored layer to be equal to or less than the upper limit and equal to or greater than the lower limit, it becomes easier to achieve a metallic appearance when observed from one side, while suppressing the metallic appearance when observed from the other side and maintaining a consistent hue. It also becomes easier to achieve different color tones when observed from one side and the other side.

[0057] Furthermore, when the interlayer film has at least two colored layers, it is not limited to the configuration having a colored layer and a gray layer as described above. For example, both colored layers may be colored layers, with one layer being a high-saturation colored layer with a relatively high saturation c* and the other layer being a low-saturation colored layer with a lower saturation c* than the high-saturation colored layer. In this case, it is preferable that the saturation of the low-saturation colored layer be within the saturation c* range of the gray layer described above, and that the high-saturation colored layer be within the saturation c* range of the colored layer described above.

[0058] In the interlayer film, when the colored layer has a colored layer and a gray layer (or a high-saturation colored layer and a low-saturation colored layer), it is preferable that the colored layer (or high-saturation colored layer) is disposed on one surface of the first layer, and the gray layer (colored layer (or high-saturation colored layer)) is disposed on the other surface of the first layer. In other words, it is preferable that the two colored layers (e.g., the colored layer and the gray layer) are disposed so as to sandwich the first layer therebetween. By arranging them in this manner, the interlayer film can fully express a colored metallic effect on one surface, while sufficiently suppressing the metallic effect on the other surface, resulting in an appearance with a consistent, subdued color tone.

[0059] It is preferable that each second layer contains substantially no filler (A). By containing substantially no filler (A), it becomes easier to enhance the design of the interlayer film by providing a metallic appearance with the first layer and coloring with the second layer. "Substantially not containing filler (A)" means that no colorant is intentionally blended into each second layer, and the specific content of filler (A) in each second layer is, for example, less than 0.01% by mass, preferably less than 0.001% by mass, and most preferably 0% by mass, based on the total amount of each second layer.

[0060] [Thermoplastic Resin] The resin constituting the first layer is preferably a thermoplastic resin. The resin constituting the colored layer is preferably a thermoplastic resin. By including a thermoplastic resin, the first layer or each colored layer can easily function as an adhesive layer, and the adhesiveness to the laminated glass member or other layers constituting the interlayer film can be improved.

[0061] The thermoplastic resin in the first layer and the colored layer is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, thermoplastic elastomer, acrylic resin, acrylic-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and polystyrene resin. The use of these resins facilitates ensuring adhesion to laminated glass components. Among these, polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, and thermoplastic elastomer are preferred. The thermoplastic resin in each of the first layer and the colored layer may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among the above, at least one selected from polyvinyl acetal resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is preferred, with polyvinyl acetal resin being more preferred because it exhibits excellent adhesion to inorganic glass, particularly when used in combination with a plasticizer. Therefore, the resin in the first layer, or the resin in the first layer and the colored layer, is more preferably at least one selected from polyvinyl acetal resins and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, and is preferably at least one selected from polyvinyl acetal resins. Note that the resins constituting the first layer and the colored layer may be different from each other, but are preferably the same. Therefore, the resins constituting the first layer and the colored layer are preferably both polyvinyl acetal resins or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, and more preferably both polyvinyl acetal resins.

[0062] (Polyvinyl Acetal Resin) The polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde. The aldehyde is not particularly limited, but generally, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used. The aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include n-butyl aldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, n-octyl aldehyde, n-nonyl aldehyde, n-decyl aldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among the above, n-butylaldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde are preferred, and n-butylaldehyde is more preferred. Therefore, the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably a polyvinyl butyral resin.

[0063] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be obtained, for example, by saponifying a polyvinyl ester such as polyvinyl acetate. The degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol is generally 70 to 99.9 mol %. Polyvinyl acetal resins may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, even more preferably 1000 or more, and even more preferably 1500 or more. Increasing the average degree of polymerization above the lower limit improves the penetration resistance of laminated glass. Furthermore, the average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, even more preferably 3500 or less, and even more preferably 2500 or less. The average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is determined according to JIS K6726 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Alcohol."

[0064] The amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 15 mol% or more and preferably 38 mol% or less. By setting the amount of hydroxyl groups to 15 mol% or more, adhesiveness is likely to be improved and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is likely to be improved. Furthermore, by setting the amount of hydroxyl groups to 38 mol% or less, the laminated glass is prevented from becoming too hard. From the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the laminated glass member, the amount of hydroxyl groups is more preferably 20 mol% or more, and even more preferably 25 mol% or more. Furthermore, the amount of hydroxyl groups is more preferably 35% or less, and even more preferably 33 mol% or less. When a polyvinyl butyral resin is used as the polyvinyl acetal resin, from the same viewpoint, the amount of hydroxyl groups is 15 mol% or more and preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or more, even more preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 35% or less, and even more preferably 33 mol% or less. The amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin is the molar fraction calculated by dividing the amount of ethylene groups having hydroxyl groups by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, and is expressed as a percentage. The amount of ethylene groups having hydroxyl groups can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral."

[0065] The degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 47 mol% or more and preferably 85 mol% or less. The degree of acetalization is more preferably 55 mol% or more, even more preferably 60 mol% or more, and more preferably 80 mol% or less, even more preferably 75 mol% or less. Note that the term "degree of acetalization" refers to the degree of butyralization when the acetal group is a butyral group and the polyvinyl acetal resin (A) is a polyvinyl butyral resin.

[0066] The degree of acetalization is a molar fraction obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups having hydroxyl groups and the amount of ethylene groups having acetyl groups from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, and dividing the result by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, and the percentage is expressed as the molar fraction. The degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization) may be calculated from the results of measurements made, for example, according to JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral."

[0067] The degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or less, even more preferably 10 mol% or less, and even more preferably 2 mol% or less. When the degree of acetylation is equal to or less than the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and laminated glass is improved. The degree of acetylation is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more. The degree of acetylation is a molar fraction calculated by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, expressed as a percentage. The amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are bonded can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Test Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral."

[0068] (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Resin) The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin may be a non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin or a high-temperature crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Furthermore, modified ethylene-vinyl acetate resins such as saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and hydrolyzed ethylene-vinyl acetate can also be used as the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin preferably has a vinyl acetate content of 10 to 50 mass%, more preferably 20 to 40 mass%, as measured in accordance with JIS K 6730 "Test Methods for Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Resins" or JIS K 6924-2:1997. By adjusting the vinyl acetate content to be equal to or greater than these lower limits, adhesion to laminated glass components is improved and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is likely to be improved. Furthermore, by adjusting the vinyl acetate content to be equal to or less than these upper limits, the rupture strength of the interlayer film is increased, resulting in improved impact resistance of the laminated glass.

[0069] (Ionomer Resin) The ionomer resin is not particularly limited, and various ionomer resins can be used. Specific examples include ethylene-based ionomers, styrene-based ionomers, perfluorocarbon-based ionomers, telechelic ionomers, polyurethane ionomers, etc. Among these, ethylene-based ionomers are preferred because they improve the mechanical strength, durability, transparency, etc. of the laminated glass and have excellent adhesion to laminated glass members.

[0070] As the ethylene-based ionomer, an ionomer of an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is preferably used due to its excellent transparency and toughness. The ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is a copolymer having at least ethylene-derived structural units and unsaturated carboxylic acid-derived structural units, and may also have structural units derived from other monomers. Examples of unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, etc., with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid being preferred, and methacrylic acid being particularly preferred. Examples of other monomers include acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, and 1-butene. The ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer preferably contains 75 to 99 mol % of ethylene-derived structural units and 1 to 25 mol % of unsaturated carboxylic acid-derived structural units, assuming that the total structural units of the copolymer are 100 mol %. The ionomer of an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is an ionomer resin obtained by neutralizing or crosslinking at least a portion of the carboxyl groups of the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with metal ions, and the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl groups is usually 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 85%.

[0071] Examples of ion sources for the ionomer resin include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and polyvalent metals such as magnesium, calcium, and zinc, with sodium and zinc being preferred.

[0072] The method for producing the ionomer resin is not particularly limited, and the resin can be produced by a conventionally known production method. For example, when an ionomer of an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is used as the ionomer resin, for example, ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid are radically copolymerized under high temperature and high pressure to produce the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer. The ionomer of the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer can then be produced by reacting the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with a metal compound containing the above-mentioned ion source.

[0073] (Polyurethane Resin) Examples of polyurethane resins include polyurethanes obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with a diol compound, and polyurethanes obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with a diol compound and a chain extender such as a polyamine. The polyurethane resin may also contain sulfur atoms. In this case, some or all of the diols may be selected from polythiols and sulfur-containing polyols. Polyurethane resins can improve adhesion to organic glass. Therefore, they are preferably used when the laminated glass member is made of organic glass.

[0074] (Thermoplastic Elastomer) Examples of thermoplastic elastomers include styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers and aliphatic polyolefins. The styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer is not particularly limited, and known elastomers can be used. Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers generally have a styrene monomer polymer block as a hard segment and a conjugated diene compound polymer block or a hydrogenated block thereof as a soft segment. Specific examples of styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers include styrene-isoprene diblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene diblock copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene / isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers, and hydrogenated products thereof. The aliphatic polyolefins may be saturated aliphatic polyolefins or unsaturated aliphatic polyolefins. The aliphatic polyolefins may be polyolefins containing a chain olefin as a monomer or polyolefins containing a cyclic olefin as a monomer. From the viewpoint of effectively improving the storage stability and sound insulation of the interlayer film, the aliphatic polyolefins are preferably saturated aliphatic polyolefins.Examples of the aliphatic polyolefin material include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-pentene, trans-2-pentene, cis-2-pentene, 1-hexene, trans-2-hexene, cis-2-hexene, trans-3-hexene, cis-3-hexene, 1-heptene, trans-2-heptene, cis-2-heptene, trans-3-heptene, cis-3-heptene, 1-octene, trans-2-octene, cis-2-octene, and trans-3- octene, cis-3-octene, trans-4-octene, cis-4-octene, 1-nonene, trans-2-nonene, cis-2-nonene, trans-3-nonene, cis-3-nonene, trans-4-nonene, cis-4-nonene, 1-decene, trans-2-decene, cis-2-decene, trans-3-decene, cis-3-decene, trans-4-decene, cis-4-decene, trans-5-decene, cis-5-decene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and vinylcyclohexane.

[0075] (Plasticizer) The first layer and each colored layer may further contain a plasticizer. The inclusion of a plasticizer makes each layer flexible, thereby improving the flexibility and penetration resistance of the laminated glass. Furthermore, it is possible to improve adhesion to laminated glass members. The inclusion of a plasticizer is particularly effective when a polyvinyl acetal resin is used as the thermoplastic resin. Therefore, it is more preferable that the first layer or each colored layer contains a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer. Examples of plasticizers include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, and phosphorus-based plasticizers such as organic phosphate ester plasticizers and organic phosphite ester plasticizers. Among these, organic ester plasticizers are preferred.

[0076] Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,2-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, and diethylene glycol di- Examples of suitable adipates include 2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexylcyclohexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified alkyd sebacic acid, a mixture of a phosphate ester and an adipate ester, and mixed adipates. Examples of mixed adipates include adipates prepared from two or more alcohols selected from alkyl alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms and cyclic alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms. Among the above plasticizers, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) is particularly suitable.

[0077] The content of the plasticizer in each layer (e.g., the first layer or the colored layer) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. When the plasticizer content is 10 parts by mass or more, the resin layer becomes moderately flexible, and penetration resistance, adhesion, etc. are improved. Furthermore, when the plasticizer content is 100 parts by mass or less, separation of the plasticizer from each resin layer is prevented. The content of the plasticizer in each layer is more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 35 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 70 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 63 parts by mass or less.

[0078] Each layer (for example, the first layer and each of the colored layers) is mainly composed of a resin, or a resin and a plasticizer, and the total amount of the thermoplastic resin and the plasticizer in each layer is usually 70% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass, based on the total amount of each layer. By making the total amount less than 100% by mass, each layer can contain additives such as a colorant and a filler (A).

[0079] (Other Additives) Each layer (for example, the first layer and each colored layer) may contain additives other than those described above, such as an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, an adhesion modifier, a heat-shielding agent, a fluorescent brightening agent, a crystal nucleating agent, etc. The first layer and each colored layer may contain at least one selected from these additives as appropriate.

[0080] [Layer Structure] The layer structure of the interlayer film of the present invention will be described in more detail below. In the present invention, the interlayer film is a multilayer film, specifically, preferably having a first layer and a second layer. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the interlayer film 20 preferably includes a first layer 21 and a second layer 22 disposed on one side of the first layer 21. In this case, the second layer 22 preferably is a colored layer, preferably a tinted layer. The interlayer film 20 is disposed between the laminated glass members 31 and 32 in the laminated glass 30, and the surface 20A of the interlayer film 20 on the second layer 22 side is preferably bonded to the first laminated glass member 31, and the surface 20B opposite to the surface 20A is preferably bonded to the laminated glass member 32.

[0081] The interlayer film preferably has at least two second layers. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , an interlayer film 20 is more preferably provided with a first layer 21, a second layer 22 disposed on one side of the first layer 21, and a second layer 23 disposed on the other side of the first layer 21. In this case, it is preferable that both the second layers 22 and 23 are colored layers, but it is more preferable that the second layer 22 is a colored layer and the second layer 23 is a gray layer. However, an embodiment in which the second layer 22 is a high-saturation colored layer and the second layer 23 is a low-saturation colored layer is also possible. In the configuration of FIG. 3 , the surface 20A of the interlayer film 20 on the second layer 22 side and the surface 20B on the second layer 23 side are preferably bonded to the laminated glass members 31 and 32, respectively.

[0082] Here, the interlayer film is preferably arranged such that the surface 20A on which the colored layer 22 (especially, when a colored layer is provided, the colored layer) is provided faces outdoors (e.g., the exterior of an automobile), and the surface 20B opposite to the surface 20A faces indoors (e.g., the interior of an automobile). This arrangement provides a colored, metallic appearance when viewed from outdoors, while reducing the metallic appearance when viewed from indoors, resulting in an appearance with a consistent color tone, thereby enhancing design. Furthermore, when the interlayer film further includes a colored layer 23 (especially, when a gray layer is provided, the gray layer) on the other side of the first layer 21 (see FIG. 3 ), the surface 20A on which the colored layer 22 (colored layer) is provided faces outdoors (e.g., the exterior of an automobile), and the surface 20B on which the colored layer 23 (gray layer) is provided faces indoors (e.g., the interior of an automobile). This arrangement provides a subdued appearance when viewed from indoors, further enhancing design. In addition, when a colored layer 22 (particularly a colored layer) is arranged on one side of the first layer 21, the saturation of reflected light measured from the surface 20A on the colored layer 22 side may be defined as "Rc*1", and the saturation of transmitted light measured from the opposite surface 20B may be defined as "Tc*2".

[0083] However, the interlayer film is not limited to the above configuration and may have any form as long as it has a first layer and a second layer. For example, when two colored layers are provided, a colored layer is provided on each of one side and the other side of the first layer as shown in FIG. 3 . However, this configuration is not limited to this. A colored layer may not be provided on one side of the first layer, and multiple colored layers may be provided on the other side of the first layer. For example, a configuration such as first layer / colored layer / gray layer or first layer / gray layer / colored layer may be used. Furthermore, in each of the above laminate structures, two or more first layers may be provided. However, it is preferable that the two or more first layers are provided consecutively, and a laminate structure such as first layer / first layer / colored layer or colored layer / first layer / first layer / gray layer may be used. However, in each of the above layer configurations, a high-saturation colored layer may be provided instead of the colored layer, and a low-saturation colored layer may be provided instead of the gray layer.

[0084] The above description of the layer structure has been given on the assumption that the second layer is a colored layer, but the second layer may include a layer other than the above-described colored layer. Examples of such layers include a clear layer, a barrier layer, and a reflective layer. These layers other than the colored layer may be included in the interlayer film in addition to the first layer and the colored layer.

[0085] (Clear Layer) The second layer may have a layer that is substantially free of the above-described colorant and filler (A). A layer that is substantially free of colorant and filler (A) generally has high transmittance and is also referred to as a clear layer in this specification. The resin that constitutes the clear layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin, and may also contain a plasticizer in addition to the thermoplastic resin. Note that detailed descriptions of the thermoplastic resin and plasticizer in the clear layer are as described above for the first layer and the colored layer, and therefore will not be repeated here. The clear layer may also contain additives other than the thermoplastic resin and plasticizer. Details of the other additives are as described above for the first layer and the colored layer, and therefore will not be repeated here. Furthermore, "substantially free of colorant and filler (A)" means that colorant and filler (A) are not intentionally blended into the clear layer, and the specific total content of colorant and filler (A) in the clear layer is, for example, less than 0.0001% by mass, preferably less than 0.00001% by mass, and most preferably 0% by mass. The clear layer may be provided, for example, between the first layer and the colored layer, or between two colored layers. The clear layer may also be disposed outside the laminate structure of the colored layer and the first layer, and may constitute the outermost layer of the interlayer.

[0086] (Barrier Layer) The barrier layer is disposed between two resin layers (for example, between the first layer and the colored layer, or between two colored layers, between the colored layer and the clear layer, or between the first layer and the clear layer, etc.) and prevents components contained in a resin layer (such as a colorant, a plasticizer, or a filler (A)) from migrating to another resin layer. A known resin film may be used for the barrier layer, and examples thereof include polyester films such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, polyolefin films, polyamide films, polyimide films, polycarbonate films, and acrylic resin films. Of these, it is preferable to use either an acrylic resin film or a PET film, with a PET film being more preferable. The acrylic resin used in the acrylic resin film is preferably an acrylic polymer containing a structural unit derived from a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, and specific examples thereof include polyhydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA resin) and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA resin).

[0087] (Reflective Layer) The reflective layer is preferably a layer capable of reflecting visible light. The inclusion of a reflective layer in the interlayer film facilitates the creation of a metallic appearance on one side of the interlayer film. The reflective layer is preferably disposed between two other resin layers, for example, between the first layer and the second layer constituting the colored layer. For example, in the configurations shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the reflective layer may be disposed between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, or between the first layer 21 and the second layer 23. However, it is preferable that the reflective layer be disposed between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22, which is a colored layer. Furthermore, the reflective layer does not need to be disposed between the resin layers and may be disposed on the outermost surface of the interlayer film. In this case, when a colored layer is disposed on one side of the first layer, the reflective layer is preferably disposed on the side of the first layer where the colored layer is disposed. That is, for example, a layer configuration of colored layer / reflective layer / first layer / gray layer or reflective layer / colored layer / first layer / gray layer is preferable.

[0088] The reflective layer preferably has an average reflectance of at least a certain level in the visible light region. Specifically, the reflective layer preferably has an average reflectance of at least 25.0%, preferably at least 30.0%, and more preferably at least 35.0% in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring a certain level of transparency in the interlayer film, the reflective layer preferably has an average reflectance of at most a certain level in the visible light region. Specifically, the reflective layer preferably has an average reflectance of at most 70.0%, preferably at most 60.0%, and more preferably at most 55.0% in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.

[0089] The reflective layer preferably reflects light in the infrared region in addition to the visible light region, but may not reflect light in the infrared region. The reflective layer can improve the heat-shielding performance of the interlayer film by reflecting light in the infrared region. The reflective layer preferably has an average reflectance in the wavelength range of 380 to 2500 nm of 15.0% or more, more preferably 17.0% or more, and even more preferably 21.0% or more, and preferably 55.0% or less, preferably 40.0% or less, and even more preferably 30.0% or less.

[0090] The reflective layer preferably has a higher average reflectance in the visible light region than in the infrared light region. Specifically, the average reflectance in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm is preferably higher than the average reflectance in the wavelength range of 780 to 2500 nm. In the reflective layer, the average reflectance in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm is higher than the average reflectance in the wavelength range of 780 to 2500 nm, and the difference is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 12% or more, and even more preferably 18% or more. The upper limit of the difference in average reflectance is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 50%, preferably 45%, and more preferably 38%. Specifically, the average reflectance in the wavelength range of 780 to 2500 nm may be 0% or more. However, from the viewpoint of practicality and ensuring a certain level of heat shielding, it is preferably 3.0% or more, more preferably 5% or more, and even more preferably 10% or more. From the viewpoint of simplifying the structure of the reflective layer, it is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 20% or less. The reflectance of the reflective layer can be measured, for example, by the following measurement method: one surface of the reflective layer is irradiated with light from a D65 light source at an incident angle of 90° and a measurement wavelength range of 300 nm to 2000 nm in a 10° field of view, and reflected light is detected from one surface at wavelength intervals of 5 nm.The reflectance at each wavelength is measured using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer "V-670" (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) equipped with an absolute reflectance measurement unit (ARSN-733), and the average reflectance from 380 to 780 nm, the average reflectance from 780 to 2500 nm, and the average reflectance from 380 to 2500 nm are measured.

[0091] The reflective layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known reflective films such as nano-laminate films and resin films (e.g., PET films) sputtered with thin metal films. Among these, nano-laminate films are preferred. By using a nano-laminate film, the in-plane refractive index difference between resin layer A and resin layer B, as described below, the number of layers, and layer thickness can be appropriately adjusted to increase the reflectance in the desired wavelength range. The nano-laminate film includes two resin layers A and B with different refractive indices, and these are preferably stacked in 30 or more layers. The resin layers A and B are preferably stacked alternately, with the thickness of each resin layer A being 30 nm to 500 nm and the thickness of each resin layer B being 30 nm to 500 nm. The thickness of resin layer A is preferably 50 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 100 nm to 400 nm. The thickness of resin layer B is preferably 50 nm to 500 nm, even more preferably 100 nm to 400 nm. The thickness of resin layer B is more preferably 50 nm to 500 nm, even more preferably 100 nm to 400 nm. The total number of layers in the nano-laminate film may be 30 or more as described above, but is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 200 or more, even more preferably 400 or more, and particularly preferably 600 or more. There is no particular upper limit to the total number of layers, but it is preferably 1500 or less.

[0092] In the nano-laminate film, the refractive index of resin layer A is preferably relatively higher than the refractive index of resin layer B, and the difference between the refractive index of resin layer A and the refractive index of resin layer B is preferably 0.01 or more and 0.15 or less. The refractive index here is the in-plane average refractive index, which is the average value of the refractive index in a direction parallel to the plane direction of the film, and can be determined, for example, from the average value of the refractive index in two mutually perpendicular directions (if the MD and TD of the film are known, the average value of the refractive index in the MD and TD).

[0093] It is preferable that resin a constituting resin layer A and resin b constituting resin layer B are resins each containing the same basic skeleton. Here, the basic skeleton refers to the repeating units constituting resin a and resin b. For example, if one resin is polyethylene terephthalate, the basic skeleton is ethylene terephthalate. As another example, if one resin is polyethylene, the basic skeleton is ethylene. Resins a and b containing the same basic skeleton are preferable because they further reduce the likelihood of peeling between the layers. Polyester resins are preferred as the resin constituting the nano-laminate film, and therefore, it is preferable that both resin a and resin b are polyester resins. It is more preferable to use at least polyethylene terephthalate as the resin constituting the nano-laminate film. Therefore, it is more preferable that resin a and resin b contain ethylene terephthalate as their basic skeleton. It is also preferable that resin a is polyethylene terephthalate and resin b is a polyester copolymerized with at least one of polyesters copolymerized with spiroglycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.

[0094] The nano-laminate film of the present invention has a structure in which resin layers A and B are alternately laminated in the thickness direction, and this alternating laminate structure may include a third layer (resin layer C) other than resin layers A and B. Examples include laminate structures with regular permutations such as A(BCA)n, A(BCBA)n, and A(BABCBA)n. Here, n is the number of repeating units, and for example, when n = 3 in A(BCA)n, it represents a structure laminated in the thickness direction in the permutation ABCABCABCA.

[0095] The manufacturing method of the above-mentioned nano-laminate film is described in, for example, JP 2004-249587 A, JP 2005-59332 A, JP 2007-301982 A, JP 2009-78421 A, JP 2010-184493 A, JP 2015-110276 A, etc., and can be manufactured with reference to these patent publications. Furthermore, the nano-laminate film used in the present invention is generally commercially available and can be obtained. For example, "PICASUS" (registered trademark) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. and the "MLF Film" series manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Co., Ltd. are mentioned. The thickness of the reflective layer is, for example, 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less, preferably 30 μm or more and 250 μm or less, and more preferably 50 μm or more and 200 μm or less.

[0096] (Sound Insulation Performance) The interlayer film may have multiple resin layers. When at least three resin layers are provided, the sound insulation performance may be imparted by a three-layer structure in which the central resin layer is a core layer and the layers on both sides are skin layers. Here, the core layer may be either the first layer or the second layer, but is preferably the first layer. Furthermore, the skin layers may be either the first or second layer, but it is preferable that at least one of them is the second layer, and it is preferable that both are the second layer. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when second layers 22 and 23 are provided on both sides of a first layer 21, the first layer 21 may be the core layer and the second layers 23 and 23 may be skin layers. In this case, the interlayer film may contain appropriate resin layers in addition to the two skin layers and one core layer. The resins used for the skin layers and the core layer are preferably polyvinyl acetal resins, and polyvinyl butyral resins are more preferable.

[0097] Both the skin layer and the core layer preferably contain a plasticizer. In this case, the content of the plasticizer in the core layer per 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin is preferably greater than the content of the plasticizer in the skin layer per 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin, with the difference between the two being preferably 5 parts by mass to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 10 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass, and even more preferably 15 parts by mass to 35 parts by mass. Increasing the content of the plasticizer in the core layer facilitates improving sound insulation performance. Furthermore, the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the core layer is preferably lower than the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the skin layer, with the difference between the hydroxyl group contents being preferably 1 mol % to 20 mol %, more preferably 2 mol % to 15 mol %, and even more preferably 2 mol % to 10 mol %. Reducing the hydroxyl group content in the core layer facilitates increasing the plasticizer content and improving sound insulation performance.

[0098] Furthermore, the first layer does not need to be provided over the entire region of the interlayer film, but may be provided over a partial region. Similarly, the colored layer does not need to be provided over the entire region of the interlayer film, but may be provided over a partial region. Furthermore, when a plurality of colored layers are provided, only some of the colored layers may be provided over a partial region. It is preferable that the interlayer film has a laminated structure of the second layer and the first layer constituting the colored layer provided over a partial region.

[0099] For example, when the interlayer film has a laminated structure of second layer (clear layer) / second layer (colored layer) / first layer / second layer (colored layer) / second layer (clear layer), the second layer (colored layer) / first layer / second layer (colored layer) may be provided only in a partial region of the interlayer film. That is, a partial region may have a laminated structure of second layer (clear layer) / second layer (colored layer) / first layer / second layer (colored layer) / second layer (clear layer), and the remaining region may have a laminated structure of second layer (clear layer) / second layer (clear layer). In this case, in a region where the second layer (colored layer) / first layer / second layer (colored layer) is not provided, the two second layers (clear layers) may be integrated to form a single second layer (clear layer).

[0100] Furthermore, for example, when the interlayer film has a laminated structure of second layer (clear layer) / second layer (colored layer) / first layer / second layer (clear layer), the second layer (colored layer) / first layer may be provided only in a partial region of the interlayer film. That is, a partial region may have a laminated structure of second layer (clear layer) / second layer (colored layer) / first layer / second layer (clear layer), and the remaining region may have a laminated structure of second layer (clear layer) / second layer (clear layer). In this case, in the region where the second layer (colored layer) / first layer is not provided, the two second layers (clear layers) may be integrated to form a single second layer (clear layer).

[0101] The first and second layers may have a constant thickness or may have a variable thickness. For example, as described above, the first and second layers provided in a partial region of the interlayer film may have a cross-sectional shape in which the thickness decreases toward the region where the first and second layers are not provided.

[0102] The interlayer film may have a rectangular cross section and a constant thickness, but is not limited to a rectangular cross section and may have, for example, a wedge shape. A wedge-shaped interlayer film has a cross-sectional thickness that differs from one end to the other end, and may have a trapezoidal or triangular cross section. Furthermore, a wedge-shaped interlayer film has a thickness that changes from one end to the other, but the thickness does not need to change over the entire area; it may have a constant thickness in one area, and the thickness may change only in part.

[0103] [Thickness of Each Layer] The thickness of the first layer is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.2 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.25 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less. By adjusting the filler (A) content in the first layer within the above range and setting the thickness within these ranges, the interlayer film can easily exhibit a metallic finish while maintaining transparency. The thickness of the second layer is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.2 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.25 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less. By setting the thickness of the second layer within the above range, various functions can be imparted without increasing the thickness of the interlayer film more than necessary. Note that the thickness of the first layer refers to the total thickness of the first layers when there are two or more first layers, and the same applies to the thickness of the second layer.

[0104] Furthermore, when a colored layer (preferably a colored layer) is provided on one side of the first layer as described above, the thickness of the colored layer on the one side is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 mm to 1.3 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, and preferably 0.13 mm to 0.8 mm. By setting the thickness of the colored layer on one side within the above range and adjusting the colorant content of the colored layer within the above range, the interlayer film can be easily adjusted to have a consistent color tone while producing a metallic effect on one side and suppressing the metallic effect on the other side. Furthermore, when a colored layer is provided on both the one side and the other side of the first layer, the thickness of the colored layer (preferably a gray layer) on the other side is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 mm to 1.3 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, and preferably 0.13 mm to 0.8 mm. By adjusting the thickness of the colored layer on the other side of the interlayer film to fall within the above-mentioned specified range and the content of the colorant in the colored layer to fall within the above-mentioned range, it becomes easier to give the color tone on the other side a subdued impression.

[0105] The thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 0.2 mm to 2.6 mm, more preferably 0.25 mm to 2.3 mm, and even more preferably 0.3 mm to 1.75 mm. The thicknesses of the first and second layers and the interlayer film may vary as described above, and in such cases, the thickness of each layer described above refers to the thickness of the first layer at its thickest point in the region where the first layer is located.

[0106] [Optical Properties of Interlayer Film] (Visible Light Reflectance (Rv1)) The interlayer film of the present invention preferably has a visible light reflectance (Rv1) measured from one surface of 3% or more, more preferably 4% or more, and even more preferably 5% or more. When Rv1 is 3% or more, it becomes easier to produce a metallic effect on the other surface side by reflected light. Furthermore, the visible light reflectance (Rv1) is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 20% or less. By setting Rv1 to 50% or less, it is possible to prevent the interlayer film from reflecting light more than necessary or from reducing see-through properties more than necessary.

[0107] (Visible Light Reflectance (Rv2)) The visible light reflectance (Rv2) of the interlayer film of the present invention measured from the other surface is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less. The visible light reflectance (Rv2) measured from the other surface is preferably lower than the visible light reflectance (Rv1) measured from one surface. By setting Rv2 to a certain value or less, the interlayer film can suppress reflection on the other surface side and reduce the metallic appearance when observed from the other surface side. There is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the visible light reflectance (Rv2), but it is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 2% or more, and even more preferably 3% or more.

[0108] (Visible Light Transmittance (Tv2)) The interlayer film of the present invention preferably has a visible light transmittance (Tv2) measured from the other side of the film of the present invention of 1% or more, more preferably 4% or more, and even more preferably 6% or more. By making the visible light transmittance (Tv2) of the interlayer film 1% or more, a certain level of see-through property can be ensured. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance (Tv2) of the interlayer film is, for example, 80% or less, preferably 70% or less. By making the visible light transmittance (Tv) of the interlayer film 80% or less, an appearance with a colored design can be achieved when observed from the other side. Among the above, the visible light transmittance (Tv2) is more preferably 40% or less, and even more preferably 20% or less. By making the visible light transmittance (Tv2) of the interlayer film relatively low, it becomes easier to suppress the metallic feel when observed from the other side and to achieve a nuanced color with a consistent hue. The above Rv1, Rv2, and Tv2 can be adjusted by the type and content of the filler (A), the type and content of the colorant contained in the colored layer, and the like.

[0109] (Haze (Haze 2)) The interlayer film of the present invention preferably has a haze (Haze 2) measured on the other surface of 18.0% or less. A haze (Haze) of 18.0% or less appropriately suppresses light scattering, ensuring transparency. From the viewpoint of improving transparency, the lower the haze (Haze 2), the better, and 15.0% or less is more preferable, and 12.0% or less is even more preferable. Furthermore, the haze (Haze 2) is preferably 2.0% or more. Setting the haze to a certain value or more makes it easier to create a metallic effect. The haze (Haze 2) of the interlayer film is more preferably 3.0% or more, and even more preferably 4.0% or more. The haze (Haze) of the interlayer film can be adjusted by the type and content of the filler (A), etc.

[0110] The above-mentioned visible light reflectance (Rv1), visible light reflectance (Rv2), visible light transmittance (Tv2), and haze (Haze2) were obtained by separating the clear glass sheets and the interlayer film from a laminated glass produced by bonding two clear glass sheets together via an interlayer film, and measuring the interlayer film obtained by separating the clear glass sheets and the interlayer film. Here, the visible light reflectance (Rv1) was obtained by measurement from the same surface as the surface on which the above-mentioned reflected light saturation (Rc*1) was measured, and the visible light reflectance (Rv2), visible light transmittance (Tv2), and haze (Haze2) were obtained by measurement from the same surface as the surface on which the above-mentioned transmitted light saturation (Tc*2) was measured. Furthermore, the interlayer film may have a region where the first layer is absent or the thicknesses of the first and second layers may vary. In such cases, the above-described Rc*1, Tc*2, Rv1, Rv2, Tv2, and Haze2 may be measured in the same region where the thickness of the first layer is greatest.

[0111] <Laminated Glass> The present invention further provides laminated glass. The laminated glass comprises two laminated glass members (first and second laminated glass members) and an interlayer film disposed between the laminated glass members. The two laminated glass members are bonded together via the interlayer film. One surface of the interlayer film is bonded to one laminated glass member, and the other surface is bonded to the other laminated glass member.

[0112] (Saturation (Rc*1) of Reflected Light of Laminated Glass) The laminated glass of the present invention has a saturation (Rc*1) of reflected light measured from one surface of the laminated glass in the range of 0.5 to 35.0. If the saturation (Rc*1) is less than 0.5, light will not be sufficiently reflected from one surface of the laminated glass, or it will be difficult to color the reflected light, making it difficult to create a colored metallic effect through the reflected light. On the other hand, if the saturation (Rc*1) is higher than 35.0, more than necessary will be reflected, resulting in an excessively strong metallic effect or an excessively strong hue of the metallic effect, which may result in a decrease in design. In addition, problems such as a decrease in see-through ability are likely to occur. From the viewpoint of creating a sufficient colored metallic effect through reflected light, the saturation (Rc*1) of the laminated glass is preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 5.0 or more, even more preferably 10.0 or more, and even more preferably 12.0 or more. From the viewpoints of achieving good transparency while providing an appropriate color tone and an appropriate metallic feel, the saturation (Rc*1) of the laminated glass is preferably 32.0 or less, more preferably 25.0 or less, even more preferably 20.0 or less, and still more preferably 16.0 or less.

[0113] (Saturation (Tc*2) of Transmitted Light of Laminated Glass) The laminated glass of the present invention has a saturation (Tc*2) of transmitted light measured from the other surface of 4.0 or more. If the saturation (Tc*2) of transmitted light is lower than 4.0, it becomes difficult to achieve a sufficiently colored appearance when viewed from the other surface, making it difficult to obtain high designability. From the viewpoint of further enhancing designability, the saturation (Tc*2) of transmitted light is more preferably 10.0 or more, even more preferably 15.0 or more, and even more preferably 22.0 or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of achieving an appropriately subdued impression when observed from the other surface of the laminated glass, the saturation (Tc*2) of transmitted light of the laminated glass may be, for example, 50.0 or less, preferably 44.0 or less, more preferably 40.0 or less, even more preferably 38.0 or less, and even more preferably 34.0 or less.

[0114] (Difference in Chroma of Reflected Light of Laminated Glass (|Rc*1-Rc*2|)) In the present invention, from the same viewpoint as for the interlayer film, the absolute value of the difference (|Rc*1-Rc*2|) between the chroma of reflected light measured from one surface of the laminated glass (Rc*1) and the chroma of reflected light measured from the other surface of the laminated glass is, for example, 0.0 or more and 35.0 or less. Furthermore, in the laminated glass, |Rc*1-Rc*2| is preferably 8.0 or more, more preferably 9.0 or more, even more preferably 10.0 or more, still more preferably 11.0 or more, and is preferably 35.0 or less, more preferably 14.5 or less, and even more preferably 14.0 or less. Furthermore, from the same viewpoint as for the interlayer film, Rc*1 of the laminated glass is preferably higher than Rc*2 of the laminated glass.

[0115] (Difference in Chroma Between Reflected Light and Transmitted Light of Laminated Glass (|Rc*1-Tc*2|)) From the same viewpoint as for interlayer films, the laminated glass has an absolute value (|Rc*1-Tc*2|) of the difference between the chroma of reflected light measured from one side of the laminated glass (Rc*1) and the chroma of transmitted light measured from the other side (Tc*2) of 2.0 or more and 35.0 or less. |Rc*1-Tc*2| of the laminated glass is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 8.0 or more, and even more preferably 12.0 or more, and is preferably 30.0 or less, preferably 25.0 or less, and even more preferably 20.0 or less. From the same viewpoint as for interlayer films, Tc*2 of the laminated glass is preferably higher than Rc*1 of the laminated glass.

[0116] The saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one surface of the laminated glass is obtained by measuring from either one of the surfaces of the laminated glass, and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other surface of the laminated glass is obtained by measuring the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) from the surface opposite to the surface on which the saturation (Rc*1) of the laminated glass was measured. Therefore, as long as the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one surface of the laminated glass is within the above-mentioned range and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other surface of the laminated glass is also within the above-mentioned range, either surface of the laminated glass may be the one surface.

[0117] Furthermore, the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1), the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2), |Rc*1-Rc*2|, and |Rc*1-Tc*2| of the laminated glass of the present invention can be adjusted to fall within the above-mentioned ranges by incorporating a filler (A) in the first layer and appropriately adjusting the saturation c* of the layer other than the first layer (the second layer), as described below. Furthermore, by using colored glass for at least one of the first and second laminated glass members and appropriately adjusting the saturation c*, etc., of the colored glass, these values ​​can be adjusted to fall within the above-mentioned ranges.

[0118] Furthermore, the suitable ranges of the visible light reflectance (Rv1), visible light reflectance (Rv2), visible light transmittance (Tv2), and haze (Haze2) of the laminated glass are the same as those of the interlayer film described above, and therefore their description will be omitted. The visible light reflectance (Rv1), visible light reflectance (Rv2), visible light transmittance (Tv2), and haze (Haze2) of the laminated glass were measured on the laminated glass. The visible light reflectance (Rv1) was measured from the same surface as the surface on which the above-mentioned saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) was measured. The visible light reflectance (Rv1), visible light transmittance (Tv2), and haze (Haze2) were measured from the same surface as the surface on which the above-mentioned saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) was measured. Details of the laminated glass having the above-mentioned optical properties will be described below using a first embodiment and a second embodiment. In the following description, the description of parts having the same configuration as the above-mentioned intermediate film will be omitted.

[0119] First Embodiment The configuration of the interlayer film in the laminated glass according to the first embodiment of the present invention is as described above. Examples of the laminated glass members used in the laminated glass according to the first embodiment include glass plates. The glass plates may be either inorganic or organic glass, with inorganic glass being preferred. Examples of inorganic glass include, but are not limited to, clear glass, float glass, polished glass, figured glass, wired glass, and lined glass. Examples of organic glass include what is generally called resin glass, and examples include, but are not limited to, organic glass made from resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resin, acrylic copolymer resin, and polyester. The two laminated glass members may be made of the same material or different materials. For example, one may be inorganic glass and the other organic glass. However, it is preferred that both of the two laminated glass members be inorganic glass or organic glass. The thickness of each laminated glass member is, but is not limited to, approximately 0.1 to 15 mm, and preferably 0.5 to 5 mm. The thickness of each laminated glass member may be the same or different from each other, but it is preferable that they are the same.

[0120] Second Embodiment In a laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the first and second laminated glass components used in the laminated glass is colored glass. In the second embodiment, by using colored glass, the configuration of the interlayer film does not need to be the same as that described in the first embodiment. The interlayer film may be a single-layer film as long as it includes a first layer containing filler (A). However, the interlayer film may also be a multilayer film having a second layer in addition to the first layer. In the second embodiment, by using colored glass for either the first or second laminated glass component, it is possible to easily differentiate the color tone when observed from one side of the laminated glass from the color tone when observed from the other side, which makes it easier to adjust the Rc*1 and Tc*2 described above within the specified ranges.

[0121] For colored glass, a colorant may be incorporated into the laminated glass components themselves. For example, when a colorant is incorporated into a laminated glass component, a known composition may be used. In the case of inorganic glass, a known colorant, such as a metal ion, may be incorporated into the inorganic glass. In the case of organic glass, the above-mentioned colorant may be incorporated into the organic glass. Furthermore, a colored film containing a colorant may be formed on the surface of the laminated glass component. The colored film is a coating formed on the surface of the glass component and may be in any form as long as it contains a colorant. The coating may contain a binder component, such as a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, as needed, and may further contain appropriate additives. The colored film may be provided on the surface of the first and second laminated glass components 31 and 32 facing the interlayer film 20 (inner surfaces 31A and 32A), or on the surface of the laminated glass components 31 and 32 opposite the surface facing the interlayer film 17 (outer surfaces 31B and 32B) (see FIGS. 2 to 4 ).

[0122] The colored glass may be colored glass having a hue due to the use of a colored colorant or the like as a colorant, or may be gray glass having substantially no hue due to the use of a black colorant or the like. Preferably, either one of the first and second laminated glass members is colored glass. By using colored glass as either one, even if the interlayer film does not have a colored layer, it is possible to create an appearance with a consistent hue, such as a nuanced color, while still producing a colored metallic effect when observed from one side and suppressing the metallic effect when observed from the other side. Furthermore, it becomes easier to set the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) of the laminated glass within a predetermined range, and to set |Rc*1-Tc*2| and |Rc*1-Rc*2| of the laminated glass within a predetermined range.

[0123] When one of the first and second laminated glass members is a colored glass, it is preferable that the color of the first laminated glass member and the color of the other laminated glass member are different from each other. Specifically, it is preferable that the color difference ΔE (hereinafter sometimes referred to as color difference ΔE(C)) between the visible light transmitted through the first laminated glass member and the visible light transmitted through the second laminated glass member in the L*a*b* color system is greater than 0 and less than 100. The color difference ΔE(C) is preferably 3.0 to 70.0, more preferably 10.0 to 50.0, and even more preferably 15.0 to 30.0. By combining and using two laminated glass members having different colors as described above, it is possible to easily differentiate the color tone when observed from one side of the laminated glass from the color tone when observed from the other side, thereby making it easier to adjust the above-mentioned Rc*1 and Tc*2, etc., to the specified ranges. When one of the first and second laminated glass members is made of colored glass, the other laminated glass member may be made of colored glass or uncolored glass. A specific example of uncolored glass is the glass plate described in the first embodiment.

[0124] In the second embodiment, the saturation c* of the first laminated glass member is preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, and preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more. The saturation c* of the second laminated glass member is, for example, 20.0 or less, preferably 10.0 or less, more preferably 5.0 or less, even more preferably 3.0 or less, and preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more. The saturation c* of the laminated glass member is the saturation c* of visible light transmitted light in the L*a*b* color system.

[0125] When the laminated glass has colored glass as a laminated glass component, as in the second embodiment, the interlayer film also preferably has a colored layer as a second layer. In this case, the color of the colored glass and the colored layer are preferably different from each other. That is, the color difference ΔE (hereinafter sometimes referred to as ΔE(D)) between the visible light transmitted through the colored glass and the visible light transmitted through the colored layer in the L*a*b* color system is preferably greater than 0 and less than 100. The color difference ΔE(D) is preferably 5.0 or greater but 95.0 or less, more preferably 20.0 or greater but 90.0 or less, and even more preferably 35.0 or greater but 85.0 or less. By using a combination of a colored layer and colored glass having different colors as described above, it is possible to easily differentiate the color tone when the laminated glass is observed from one side from the color tone when the laminated glass is observed from the other side, thereby making it easier to adjust the Rc*1 and Tc*2 described above to the specified ranges.

[0126] When the laminated glass has a colored glass and the interlayer film also has a colored layer as a second layer, it is preferable that the colored layer is disposed on one side of the first layer and the colored glass is disposed on the other side of the first layer. That is, it is preferable that the colored glass and the colored layer are disposed so as to sandwich the first layer. By arranging them in this manner, the laminated glass can fully exhibit a colored metallic effect on one side while sufficiently suppressing the metallic effect on the other side, resulting in an appearance with a consistent, subdued color tone.

[0127] When colored glass is used as the laminated glass component and the interlayer film has a colored layer, in one embodiment, it is preferable to use gray glass as the colored glass and a colored layer as the colored layer of the interlayer film. Alternatively, low-saturation colored glass may be used as the colored glass and a high-saturation colored layer may be used as the colored layer of the interlayer film. In these embodiments, the saturation c* of the colored layer or high-saturation colored layer is higher than the saturation c* of the gray glass or low-saturation colored glass. In another embodiment, it is also preferable to use colored glass as the colored glass and a gray layer as the colored layer of the interlayer film. In another embodiment, high-saturation colored glass may be used as the colored glass and a low-saturation colored layer may be used as the colored layer of the interlayer film. It is preferable that the saturation c* of the colored glass or high-saturation colored glass is higher than the saturation c* of the gray layer or low-saturation colored layer. As described above, by using a combination of gray or low-saturation colored glass or colored layer and a colored or high-saturation colored layer or glass, it is possible to easily make the color tone when observed from one side of the laminated glass different from the color tone when observed from the other side, while making the hue when observed from the other side appear more subdued. As described above, it is preferable that the gray or low-saturation colored glass or colored layer and the colored or high-saturation colored layer or glass are arranged so that the first layer is sandwiched between them.

[0128] In another aspect, both the first and second laminated glass members may be colored glass. In this case, it is preferable that one be colored glass and the other be gray glass. Alternatively, one may be high-saturation colored glass and the other be low-saturation colored glass. In these aspects, the saturation c* of the gray glass or low-saturation colored glass is lower than the saturation c* of the colored glass or high-saturation colored glass. Even with the above configuration, it is possible to easily make the color tone when observed from one side of the laminated glass different from the color tone when observed from the other side, while giving the impression of a more subdued hue when observed from the other side.

[0129] In this embodiment, the saturation c* of the gray glass or low-saturation colored glass is preferably 10.0 or less, more preferably 5.0 or less, even more preferably 3.0 or less, and preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more, and even more preferably 2.0 or more. The saturation c* of the colored glass or high-saturation colored glass is preferably 20.0 or less, more preferably 15.0 or less, even more preferably 6.0 or less, and preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 2.0 or more, and even more preferably 4.0 or more. The saturation c* of the colored layer, which is a colored layer or a high-saturation colored layer, is as described above, and therefore will not be described here. Similarly, the saturation c* of the colored layer, which is a gray layer or a low-saturation colored layer, is as described above, and therefore will not be described here.

[0130] [Layer Structure] The layer structure of the laminated glass according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below. In this embodiment, the interlayer film may be a single layer film. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4 , the laminated glass 40 may include an interlayer film 20 made of a first layer 21 and first and second laminated glass members 31, 32 bonded to both sides of the interlayer film 30. It is preferable that at least one of the first and second laminated glass members 31, 32 is colored glass, and more preferably both are colored glass. If both are colored glass, it is even more preferable that one is colored glass and the other is gray glass, as described above.

[0131] In this embodiment, the interlayer film may be a multilayer film. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2 , the interlayer film 20 may include, for example, a first layer 21 and a second layer 22, which is a colored layer, provided on one side of the first layer 21. At least one of the first and second laminated glass members 31, 32 bonded to both sides of the interlayer film 30 may be colored glass. In this case, the laminated glass member 32 disposed on the surface 20B opposite the surface 20A on which the colored layer (second layer 22) is provided may be colored glass. That is, the first layer 21 may be disposed between the second layer 22, which is a colored layer, and the second laminated glass member 32, which is colored glass.

[0132] However, the layer configuration in this embodiment is not limited to the above configuration and may be any configuration. For example, in the configuration of Fig. 2, the first laminated glass member 31 may be made of colored glass instead of the second laminated glass member 32. Alternatively, both the first and second laminated glass members 31 and 32 may be made of colored glass.

[0133] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2 , in a configuration in which the interlayer film 10 has a first layer and a second layer 21, 22, the second layer 22 does not have to be a colored layer. In such a case, it is preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members 31, 32 are colored glass. Furthermore, in the multilayer film, a layer (second layer) other than the first layer 21 and the second layer 22 shown in FIG. 2 may be provided. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , one or more additional second layers (second layer 23 in FIG. 3 ) may be provided further outside the laminated structure of the first and second layers 21, 22, or one or more additional second layers may be provided between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. In the multilayer film, the layer (second layer) provided other than the first and second layers 21, 22 may be a colored layer, or may be a layer other than a colored layer. Examples of second layers used other than a colored layer include, but are not limited to, a clear layer, a barrier layer, a reflective layer, and the like. The details and positions of the clear layer, barrier layer, reflective layer, etc. are as explained above, and therefore will not be described again. Furthermore, the interlayer film in the second embodiment may have sound insulation performance as described above, and the first layer does not need to be provided over the entire area of ​​the interlayer film.

[0134] [Method for Manufacturing Interlayer Film and Laminated Glass] The interlayer film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be formed by preparing each resin composition for forming a resin layer, molding the resulting resin composition into a resin layer, and forming a single-layer interlayer film using the resin layer. Alternatively, in the case of a multilayer film, multiple resin layers may be molded and laminated together. Each resin composition may be obtained, for example, by mixing a thermoplastic resin with a filler (A) or colorant, plasticizer, and other additives, as needed. Here, in the first layer, the filler (A) is blended in addition to the thermoplastic resin. However, in order to improve dispersibility in the resin composition, for example, when a plasticizer is used, the filler (A) may be blended in the plasticizer and thoroughly dispersed in the plasticizer before being mixed with the thermoplastic resin. In this case, a dispersant or the like may be added to the plasticizer as appropriate. In addition, in the colored layer, a colorant may be blended in addition to the thermoplastic resin. However, in order to improve dispersibility in the resin composition, for example, when a plasticizer is used, the colorant may be blended in the plasticizer and thoroughly dispersed in the plasticizer before being mixed with the thermoplastic resin. In this case, a dispersant or the like may be added to the plasticizer as appropriate. When an additive other than the filler (A) or the colorant is used, depending on the type of additive, the additive may be blended into the plasticizer and thoroughly dispersed in the plasticizer, and then mixed with the thermoplastic resin.

[0135] The interlayer film may be formed by extrusion molding, press molding, or the like. In extrusion molding, if the interlayer film is multilayered, it is preferable to prepare two or more extruders and attach multilayer feed blocks to the tips of the extruders to perform co-extrusion. Furthermore, if multiple resin layers are provided and two or more resin layers have the same composition, two or more resin layers having the same composition may be extruded from a single extruder. Furthermore, the thickness of each resin layer may vary in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. In such a case, the thickness may be varied, for example, by adjusting the amount of resin supplied. Alternatively, the interlayer film may be produced by preparing multiple resin layers, positioning the multiple resin layers between a pair of laminated glass components to obtain a laminate, and then thermocompression-bonding (press molding) the laminate, thereby producing the interlayer film while producing the laminated glass. Note that if the filler (A) has orientable anisotropy, such as when it has a flat shape, the longitudinal or planar direction of the filler (A) can be oriented along the planar direction of the interlayer film (each resin layer) by the above-mentioned press molding, extrusion molding, or the like.

[0136] The laminated glass may be produced by disposing the above-mentioned interlayer between two laminated glass members and integrating them by thermocompression bonding, etc. Alternatively, the laminated glass may be produced by preparing a plurality of resin layers, disposing the plurality of resin layers between a pair of laminated glass members to obtain a laminate, and integrating the laminate by thermocompression bonding, etc.

[0137] The laminated glass of the present invention can be used as window glass for various vehicles such as automobiles, vehicles such as aircraft and ships, buildings, etc., but is preferably used as laminated glass for automobiles. In each application, window glass is generally used as a member for separating the outdoors from the indoors. One of the two surfaces 20A, 20B (see Figures 2 to 4) of the interlayer film 20 is preferably arranged on the outdoors side (i.e., the exterior side of the vehicle in an automobile), and the other surface is preferably arranged on the indoor side (i.e., the exterior side of the vehicle in an automobile).

[0138] The present invention also provides an automobile, which comprises an automobile body and a window glass attached to the automobile body, the window glass being made of the above-described laminated glass of the present invention. In an automobile, the window glass may be any of a windshield glass (front glass), a side glass, a rear glass, and a roof glass, but from the viewpoint of ease of imparting a design, any of the side glass, rear glass, and roof glass is preferred.

[0139] The present invention will be explained in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples in any way.

[0140] The measurement and evaluation methods in the present examples are as follows.

[0141] [Rv1, Rv2] For the laminated glass obtained in each of the Examples and Comparative Examples, the visible light reflectance (Rv) was measured from one side of the laminated glass using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) in accordance with JIS 3106 (2019), and was designated Rv1. The visible light reflectance (Rv) was measured from the other side of the laminated glass, and was designated Rv2. In each example and comparative example, one of laminated glass consisting of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / layer (2) / layer (3) / laminated glass member (2), laminated glass consisting of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / layer (2) / laminated glass member (2), laminated glass consisting of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / layer (2) / layer (3) / layer (4) / laminated glass member (2), and laminated glass consisting of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / laminated glass member (2) was prepared. In all examples and comparative examples, the optical properties were measured with the surface on the laminated glass member (1) side as one side and the surface on the laminated glass member (2) side as the other side.

[0142] [Ra*1, Rb*1, Rc*1, Ra*2, Rb*2, Rc*2] For the laminated glass obtained in each example and comparative example, the spectral reflectance was measured from one side of the laminated glass using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation "U-4100"). The measurement conditions were a scan speed of 300 nm / min and a slit width of 8 nm. From the obtained spectral reflectance, chromaticity a* and b* were determined in accordance with JIS Z 8781 (2009) using a D65 light source and a 10° field of view. Furthermore, chroma c* was determined from a* and b*, and these were designated Ra*1, Rb*1, and Rc*1, respectively. Similarly, Ra*2, Rb*2, and Rc*2 were determined from the other side of the laminated glass.

[0143] [Tv1, Tv2] For each of the laminated glasses obtained in the examples and comparative examples, the visible light transmittance was measured from one side of the laminated glass using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) in accordance with JIS R 3212 (2015), and this was designated as Tv1. The visible light transmittance was measured from the other side of the laminated glass, and this was designated as Tv2.

[0144] [Ta*1, Tb*1, Tc*1, Ta*2, Tb*2, and Tc*2] For the laminated glass obtained in each example and comparative example, the spectral transmittance was measured from one side of the laminated glass using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation's "U-4100"). The measurement conditions were a scan speed of 300 nm / min and a slit width of 8 nm. From the obtained spectral transmittance, a* and b* were calculated in accordance with JIS Z 8781 (2009) using a D65 light source and a 10° field of view. c* was also determined from a* and b*, and these were designated as Ta*1, Tb*1, and Tc*1, respectively. Similarly, Ta*2, Tb*2, and Tc*2 were determined from the other side of the laminated glass.

[0145] [Haze] The haze of each of the laminated glasses obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was measured from one side in accordance with JIS K6714 and designated as Haze 1, and from the other side and designated as Haze 2.

[0146] [Method for measuring optical properties of interlayer film] The glass surface of the laminated glass produced in each Example and Comparative Example was scraped with a glass cutter, and the scraped laminated glass was immersed in liquid nitrogen. After being removed from the liquid nitrogen, the laminated glass member was struck to break the laminated glass member, thereby separating the interlayer film and the laminated glass member. The optical properties of the separated interlayer film were measured and used as the optical properties of the interlayer film of each Example and Comparative Example. In this case, the surface of the interlayer film bonded to the laminated glass member (1) was designated as one side, and the surface of the interlayer film bonded to the laminated glass member (2) was designated as the other side, and each optical property was measured.

[0147] [a* and b* of Reflected Light of Filler (A)] For each filler used in each Example and Comparative Example, an interlayer film and then a laminated glass were prepared as follows, and the a* and b* of reflected light were measured. A resin composition was obtained by adding 40 parts by mass of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate and 0.05% by mass of filler (based on the total amount of the resin composition) to 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl butyral resin and mixing them, and the resulting composition was extrusion-molded to obtain an interlayer film with a thickness of 760 μm. Two reference clear glass plates were bonded via the obtained interlayer film to obtain a laminated glass (laminated glass for measurement). The manufacturing conditions for the interlayer film and laminated glass were the same as in Example 1. The polyvinyl butyral resin and triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate used were also the same as those used in Example 1. The spectral reflectance was measured from one side of the laminated glass for measurement, and the a* and b* were calculated from the obtained spectral reflectance to obtain the a* and b* of reflected light of each filler. The spectral reflectance and a* and b* were measured under the same conditions as those used to determine Ra*1 and Rb*1.

[0148] [Saturation c* of First Layer and Second Layer] Laminated glass was obtained by bonding two reference clear glass sheets via the first layer prepared in each Example and Comparative Example. The manufacturing conditions of the laminated glass were the same as those in Example 1. In the obtained laminated glass, the laminated glass member (reference clear glass member) and the first layer were separated using the same method as used to measure the optical properties of the interlayer film. The saturation c* of the separated first layer in the L*a*b* color system was determined under the same conditions as used to measure Ta*1, Tb*1, and Tc*1 of the interlayer film, and this was defined as the saturation c* of the first layer. The saturation c* of the second layer was also determined in the same manner. [Saturation c* of Laminated Glass Member] The saturation c* of the laminated glass member in the L*a*b* color system was determined under the same conditions as used to measure Ta*1, Tb*1, and Tc*1. This was defined as the saturation c* of the laminated glass member. [ΔE] Calculated from the L*a*b* values ​​of the first layer, the second layer, and the laminated glass member measured in the same manner as above.

[0149] In this specification, the reference clear glass plate has a thickness of 2.5 mm and a visible light transmittance of 90.5% measured in accordance with JIS R 3106: 1998. The clear glass plate also has a*=-0.6, b*=0.2, and a haze of 0.2% or less, as obtained using CIE standard illuminant D65 and 10° visual field color matching functions specified in JIS Z 8781-1 (2012), JIS Z 8781-2 (2012), and JIS Z 8781-4 (2013).

[0150] <Design Evaluation> In a room exposed to sunlight, one side of the laminated glass (i.e., the side facing the laminated glass member (1)) was placed so that sunlight was shining on it, and the laminated glass was visually observed from both the one side and the other side (i.e., the side facing the laminated glass member (2)). The design was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. A: A striking colored metallic effect was observed from one side, while almost no metallic effect was observed from the other side, and the color tone was different from that of the one side, resulting in a nuanced color with a subdued impression. B: A striking colored metallic effect was observed from one side, while almost no metallic effect was observed from the other side, resulting in a colored appearance with a color tone different from that of the one side, but the impression was not subdued. C: A colored metallic effect was observed, but no striking colored metallic effect was observed from one side, and almost no metallic effect was observed from the other side, resulting in a colored appearance with a color tone different from that of the one side, but the impression was not subdued. D: No striking colored metallic effect was observed from one side, while the appearance was not sufficiently colored when viewed from the other side. E: No metallic effect was observed.

[0151] The components used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows: (1) Resin PVB: polyvinyl butyral resin, acetalization degree 69 mol%, hydroxyl group amount 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, average polymerization degree of PVA used in synthesis 1700 (2) Plasticizer 3GO: triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3) Filler (A) Oxide 1: SiO with a refractive index of 1.46 as the middle layer ２ The layer and the covering layer are TiO with a refractive index of 2.49. ２ The layer is a flat plate shape with a three-layer structure shown in FIG. 1, D50: 14 μm, thickness: 0.5 μm, aspect ratio: 2.8, a* of reflected light = 6.2, b* of reflected light = -7.9. Oxide 2: The middle layer is SiO with a refractive index of 1.46 ２ The layer and the covering layer are TiO with a refractive index of 2.49. ２1, which is a three-layer structure shown in FIG. 1, D50: 14 μm, thickness: 0.5 μm, aspect ratio: 2.8, a* of reflected light = -6.7, b* of reflected light = 8.2 (Note: For oxides 1 and 2, the chromaticity a* and b* of reflected light were adjusted depending on the thickness of the coating layer.) Mica: "Iriodin 103 WNT" manufactured by MERCK Corporation (4) Colorant CB: Pigment Black 7 (CAS No. 1333-86-4), carbon black pigment PB15-1: Pigment Blue 15-1 (CAS No. 12239-87-1), copper phthalocyanine pigment, blue colorant PR147: Pigment Red 147 (CAS No. 68227-78-1), naphthol azo pigment, red colorant PR202: Pigment Red 202 (CAS No. 3089-17-6), quinacridone pigment, red colorant

[0152] [Example 1] (Preparation of Interlayer Film) According to the formulation in Table 1, filler (A) was mixed and dispersed in a plasticizer, and then added to a co-extruder together with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). These were thoroughly mixed and kneaded in the co-extruder to form a uniform mixture, thereby obtaining a resin composition for forming layer (2) (first layer). Furthermore, according to the formulation in Table 1, a colorant was mixed and dispersed in a plasticizer, and then added to the co-extruder together with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). These were thoroughly mixed and kneaded in the co-extruder to form a uniform mixture, thereby obtaining resin compositions for forming layer (1) and layer (3) (second layer). The resin compositions were co-extruded in the co-extruder at an extrusion temperature of 200°C to obtain an interlayer film having, in this order, a layer (1) having a thickness of 760 μm, a layer (2) having a thickness of 760 μm, and a layer (3) having a thickness of 760 μm.

[0153] (Preparation of Laminated Glass) Two sheets of clear glass (CLR), each measuring 100 mm long x 100 mm wide x 2.5 mm thick, were prepared as laminated glass members (1) and (2). A standard clear glass plate was used as the clear glass. The interlayer film obtained above was sandwiched between two sheets of clear glass and pre-pressed using a vacuum bag method. The pre-pressed laminate was then held in an autoclave at a temperature of 140°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes, and then the temperature was lowered to 23°C and returned to atmospheric pressure to complete the full-pressure bonding, resulting in a laminated glass in which two sheets of clear glass were bonded together by the interlayer film. The laminated glass had a laminated structure of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / layer (2) / layer (3) / laminated glass member (2). The optical properties of the obtained laminated glass were measured, and the properties of the laminated glass are shown in Table 2. The optical properties of the interlayer film were also measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. Furthermore, evaluation tests were conducted on the obtained laminated glass, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0154] Examples 2 to 4, 7, 8, 11 to 13, Comparative Examples 2 and 3 The same procedures as in Example 1 were carried out except that the compositions of Layers (1) to (3) were as shown in Table 1.

[0155] [Examples 5 and 6] Laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that layer (3) was not provided, the compositions of layers (1) and (2) were as shown in Table 1, and laminated glass member (2) was changed to gray glass. The laminated glass had a laminated structure of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / layer (2) / laminated glass member (2). Privacy glass (gray-tinted privacy glass) was used as the gray glass.

[0156] [Examples 9 and 10] Laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the layer (3) was not provided and the compositions of the layers (1) and (2) were as shown in Table 1. The laminated glass had a laminated structure of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / layer (2) / laminated glass member (2).

[0157] Example 14: PB15-1 as a colorant was mixed and dispersed in a plasticizer according to the formulation in Table 1, and then the mixture was added to an extruder together with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming layer (1). Furthermore, filler (A) was mixed and dispersed in a plasticizer, and then the mixture was added to an extruder together with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming layer (3). Furthermore, carbon black as a colorant was mixed and dispersed in a plasticizer, and then the mixture was added to an extruder together with polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and kneaded in the extruder to obtain a resin composition for forming layer (4). A nano-laminated film (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., "Picasus", product number: GL40, reflective layer, average reflectance in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm: 35.96%, average reflectance in the wavelength range of 780 to 2500 nm: 13.82%, average reflectance in the wavelength range of 380 to 2500 nm: 17.97%, thickness: 105 μm) as layer (2). A 760 μm thick layer (1) was formed on one side from the resin composition for forming layer (1), and a 760 μm thick layer (3) was formed on the other side of the nano-laminated film from the resin composition for forming layer (3), and a 760 μm thick layer (4) was formed from the resin composition for forming layer (4) to obtain an interlayer film. Using the obtained interlayer film, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The laminated glass had a laminated structure of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / layer (2) / layer (3) / layer (4) / laminated glass member (2). The optical properties of the obtained laminated glass were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The optical properties of the interlayer film were also measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. Furthermore, the obtained laminated glass was subjected to an evaluation test, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0158] Comparative Example 1 A laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the layer (3) and the layer (2) were not provided, the composition of the layer (1) was as shown in Table 1, and the laminated glass member (2) was changed to green glass. The laminated glass had a laminated structure of laminated glass member (1) / layer (1) / laminated glass member (2). Note that UV-cutting glass (UV-cutting glass tinted green) was used as the green glass.

[0159]

[0160] *In Table 1, phr is the mass part relative to 100 mass parts of PVB. *In Table 1, wt% is the content (mass%) in each layer.

[0161] As shown in Table 1, the interlayer films of Examples 1 to 4 and 7 to 14 were multilayer films with two or more layers, had a layer containing an oxide filler, and the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) of the interlayer film and laminated glass were within the specified ranges. Furthermore, the laminated glass of Examples 5 and 6 had one laminated glass component that was colored glass, the interlayer film had a layer containing a metal oxide filler, and the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) of the laminated glass were within the specified ranges. Therefore, in each Example, a colored metallic effect was observed from one side, while the metallic effect was suppressed when viewed from the other side, and the glass had a colored appearance with a different color tone from that of the one side, and interlayer films and laminated glass with good design properties were provided. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, either the saturation of reflected light (Rc*1) or the saturation of transmitted light (Tc*2) of the interlayer film and laminated glass was not within the specified range, so the colored metallic effect was not very noticeable from one side, or the appearance was not sufficiently colored when viewed from the other side. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 3, no metallic effect was observed because no oxide filler was contained.

[0162] REFERENCE SIGNS 10 Interlayer 11, 12 Covering layer 20 Interlayer film for laminated glass 21 First layer 22, 23 Second layer 30 Laminated glass 31 First laminated glass member 32 Second laminated glass member

Claims

1. An interlayer film for laminated glass, which is a multilayer film having two or more layers, at least one of which contains a filler (A) containing a metal oxide, and which has a chroma of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one side of the interlayer film for laminated glass of 0.5 or more and 35.0 or less, and a chroma of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other side of the interlayer film for laminated glass of 4.0 or more.

2. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, comprising a first layer containing the filler (A) and at least one second layer, wherein the color difference ΔE between visible light transmitted through the first layer and visible light transmitted through the at least one second layer in the L*a*b* color system is greater than 0 and less than 100.

3. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein the first layer has a chroma c* of 25.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system of visible light transmitted through it, and the at least one second layer has a chroma c* of 90.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system of visible light transmitted through it.

4. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, comprising a first layer containing the filler (A) and at least two second layers, wherein the color difference ΔE between visible light transmitted through one of the second layers and visible light transmitted through another of the second layers in the L*a*b* color system is greater than 0 and less than 100.

5. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a first layer containing the filler (A) and at least one second layer containing a colorant.

6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the saturation (Rc*1) and the saturation (Rc*2) of reflected light measured from the other surface is 0.0 or more and 35.0 or less.

7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the saturation of the reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of the transmitted light (Tc*2) is 2.0 or more and 35.0 or less.

8. A laminated glass comprising the interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, a first laminated glass component, and a second laminated glass component, the interlayer film for laminated glass being disposed between the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component.

9. A laminated glass comprising an interlayer film for laminated glass, a first laminated glass component, and a second laminated glass component, wherein the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass component and the second laminated glass component, the interlayer film for laminated glass comprises a layer containing a filler (A) containing a metal oxide, the chroma of reflected light (Rc*1) measured from one side of the laminated glass is in the range of 0.5 to 35.0, and the chroma of transmitted light (Tc*2) measured from the other side of the laminated glass is 4.0 or more.

10. The laminated glass of claim 9, wherein at least one of the first and second laminated glass components is tinted glass.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 9, wherein the interlayer film is a multilayer film.

12. The laminated glass of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first and second laminated glass components is tinted glass and the interlayer further comprises a tint layer.

13. The laminated glass according to claim 9, wherein the color difference between the visible light transmitted through the first laminated glass member and the visible light transmitted through the second laminated glass member is greater than 0 and less than 100 in the L*a*b* color system.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 9, wherein the visible light transmission color of the first laminated glass member has a chroma c* of 2.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system, and the visible light transmission color of the second laminated glass member has a chroma c* of 10.0 or less in the L*a*b* color system.

15. The laminated glass according to claim 9, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the saturation of the reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of the reflected light measured from the other surface of the laminated glass (Rc*2) is 0.0 or more and 35.0 or less.

16. The laminated glass according to claim 9, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the saturation of the reflected light (Rc*1) and the saturation of the transmitted light (Tc*2) is 2.0 or more and 35.0 or less.

17. An automobile comprising an automobile body and a window glass attached to the automobile body, the window glass being a laminated glass according to any one of claims 8 to 16.

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