Network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A core network may determine a paging strategy for transmitting paging to a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the core network may indicate the paging strategy to the UE via a network function, which may be a policy control function (PCF) or a session management function (SMF). The UE may indicate paging restriction information based on the paging strategy to an access and mobility function (AMF) to allow the AMF to enforce the paging strategy. In some other examples, the core network may indicate the paging strategy directly to the AMF. In yet some other examples, the core network may indicate for the SMF to enforce the paging strategy. The AMF or the SMF may forward or suppress forwarding paging notifications to the UE in accordance with the paging strategy.

Description

NETWORK BASED PAGING OPTIMIZATIONS FOR MULTI ACCESS APPLICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE

[0001] The present Application for Patent claims the benefit of Greece Patent Application No. 20230100783 by TONESI et al., entitled “NETWORK BASED PAGING OPTIMIZATIONS FOR MULTI-ACCESS APPLICATIONS,” filed September 28, 2023, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated by reference herein.FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications.BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various ty pes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE).SUMMARY

[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support network based paging optimizations for multi-accessapplications including dual steer and multiple universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) configurations. For example, the described techniques provide for a user equipment (UE) communicating with a core network over a first network via a first access and over a second network via a second access. The core network may determine a paging strategy for communicating one or more paging messages to the UE and may indicate the paging strategy to a network function of the first network, the second network, or both. In some examples, the core network may indicate the paging strategy to the UE via a network function of the first network, which may be a policy control function (PCF) or a session management function (SMF). and the UE may indicate paging restriction information based on the paging strategy to an access and mobility function (AMF) of the first network to allow the AMF to enforce the paging strategy. In some other examples, the core network may indicate the paging strategy directly to the AMF via the network function (e.g.. the PCF, the SMF) to allow the AMF to enforce the paging strategy. In yet some other examples, the core network may indicate for the SMF to enforce the paging strategy. In such examples, the PCF may indicate the paging strategy to the SMF, or the SMF may be locally configured with the paging strategy. Based on receiving the paging strategy, the AMF or the SMF may determine to forward or suppress forwarding paging notifications to the UE.

[0005] A method for wireless communications by a first network is described. The method may include transmitting, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy, receiving, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0006] A first network for wireless communications is described. The first network may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or moreprocessors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to transmit, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy’ associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receive, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy, receive, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and apply, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0007] Another first network for wireless communications is described. The first network may include means for transmitting, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy’ associated w ith paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, means for receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy7, means for receiving, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and means for applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy7associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receive, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction informationincluding a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy, receive, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and apply, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0009] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network function may be a PCF.

[0010] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the paging strategy may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the paging strategy to the UE according to one or more UE route selection policy (URSP) rules.

[0011] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the UE may be a MUSIM UE or a dual- 3GPP access UE.

[0012] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the paging strategy7may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the paging strategy to the UE according to one or more access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) rules during protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment.

[0013] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the UE may be a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0014] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network function may be a SMF.

[0015] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second network function may be an AMF.

[0016] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the paging strategy includes the set of paging restrictions.

[0017] A method for wireless communications by a first network is described. The method may include receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0018] A first network for wireless communications is described. The first network may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to receive, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receive, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and apply, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0019] Another first network for wireless communications is described. The first network may include means for receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategyincludes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy7and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0020] A non-transitoiy computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receive, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. and apply, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy' and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy'.

[0021] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network function may be an AMF.

[0022] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second network function may be a PCF.

[0023] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the paging strategy may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the paging strategy' from a PCF during access and mobility (AM) policy association establishment, AM policy association modification, or both.

[0024] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second network function may be a SMF.

[0025] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the paging strategy may includeoperations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the paging strategy from the SMF during PDU session establishment, PDU session modification, or both.

[0026] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the paging strategy includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0027] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the UE may be a MUSIM UE or a dual- 3GPP access UE.

[0028] Some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for applying a set of paging restrictions to the paging notification based on the paging strategy7, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes overriding a second set of paging restrictions indicated to the first network function before receiving the paging strategy from the UE.

[0029] A method for wireless communications by a first network is described. The method may include obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy7associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy7to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy7and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0030] A first network for wireless communications is described. The first network may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to obtain, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network,receive, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and apply, at the first network function, the paging strategy' to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0031] Another first network for wireless communications is described. The first network may include means for obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forw arding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy' and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0032] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to obtain, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, receive, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE, and apply, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forwarding the paging notification to a second netw ork function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0033] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network function may be a SMF.

[0034] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the paging strategy may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the paging strategy' from a PCF during PDU session establishment, PDU session modification, or both.

[0035] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network may be preconfigured with the paging strategy.

[0036] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the paging strategy includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0037] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second network function may be an AMF of the first network, and applying the paging strategy may include operations, features, means, or instructions for forwarding a portion of the paging strategy to the second network function and transmitting the paging notification to the second network function, where transmitting the paging notification may be based on selecting the second network function according to the paging strategy.

[0038] In some examples of the method, first networks, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second network function may be a SMF of the second network, and applying the paging strategy may include operations, features, means, or instructions for suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to an AMF of the first network and transmitting signaling to the second network function indicating to page the UE using an AMF of the second network.

[0039] A method for wireless communications by a UE is described. The method may include receiving from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy, and receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0040] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, transmit, to a second network function of the first netw ork, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy, and receive one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0041] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for receiving from a first netw ork function of a first netw ork, a paging strategy7associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, means for transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy, and means for receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0042] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy7associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network, transmit, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy, and receive one or more paging messages from the first network or the second netyvork based on the second netw ork function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0043] In some examples of the method, user equipment (UEs). and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network function may be a PCF.

[0044] In some examples of the method, user equipment (UEs). and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the UE may be a MUSIM UE or a dual- 3GPP access UE.

[0045] In some examples of the method, user equipment (UEs), and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network function may be a SMF.

[0046] In some examples of the method, user equipment (UEs), and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second network function may be an AMF.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 7 shows an example of a process flow that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0054] FIG. 8 shows an example of a process flow that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0055] FIGs. 9 and 10 show block diagrams of devices that support network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0057] FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0058] FIGs. 13 and 14 show block diagrams of devices that support network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0059] FIG. 15 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0060] FIG. 16 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0061] FIGs. 17 through 20 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In some wireless communications systems, a user equipment (UE) may communicate with one or more core networks over a first access network and a second access network. The UE may communicate with the first access network via a first access and communicate with the second access network via a second access. In somecases the first access may be a 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access and the second access may be a non-3GPP access, and the UE may communicate with the first access network and the second access network according to one or more access traffic steering, switch, and splitting (ATSSS) rules. In some other cases, the first access and the second access may both be 3GPP accesses, and the UE may communicate with the first access network and the second access network according to dual steer operations. In some examples, the UE may be operating over one or both accesses in an idle state or a connected state. In some examples, the UE and the core network may perform paging (e.g.. to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection) according to one or more paging strategies (e.g., separate paging strategies). However, applying separate paging strategies to dual steer UEs may cause performance degradation. For example, the UE may operate both the first access and the second access in an idle state and may monitor both accesses for paging signals instead of monitoring a single access, causing increased power consumption at the UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may receive paging over both idle accesses instead of just one access, increasing signaling overhead.

[0063] Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to network-based paging optimizations for multi-access applications. A core network may determine a paging strategy for communications between the core network and the UE based on one or more services at the UE. In some examples, the core network may indicate the paging strategy to the UE via a network function (e.g., a policy control function (PCF), a session management function (SMF)). In such examples, the UE may indicate paging restriction information to an access and mobility function (AMF) based on the paging strategy to allow the AMF to enforce the paging strategy. In some other examples, the core network may directly indicate the paging strategy to the AMF via the network function (e.g., the PCF, the SMF) to allow the AMF to enforce the paging strategy. In yet some other examples, the core network may indicate to the SMF that the SMF is to enforce the paging strategy. In such examples, the PCF may indicate the paging strategy to the SMF, or the SMF may be locally configured with the paging strategy7. Based on receiving the paging strategy, the AMF or the SMF may determine to forward or suppress forwarding paging notifications transmitted by the core network to the UE.

[0064] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are additionally illustrated by and described with reference to process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications.

[0065] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0066] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link). For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0067] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0068] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g.. any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity’ 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 1 15, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0069] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an SI, N2, N3, or other interface protocol). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162. or fronthaulcommunication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link), one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link), among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.

[0070] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, aNodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB). a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB. or other suitable terminology). In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0071] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture), which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (1AB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g.. a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC), a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC)), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmission reception point (TRP). One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU). a virtual DU (VDU), a virtual RU (VRU)).

[0072] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 1 5, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g.. RRC, service data adaption protocol (SDAP). Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (LI) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170). A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., Fl, Fl-c, Fl-u), and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.

[0073] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100), infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140). The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 1 15) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream). In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0074] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0075] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some othersuitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (loT) device, an Internet of Everything (loE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.

[0076] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0077] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry7acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 1 15 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication betw een a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, subentity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting,” “receiving,” or “communicating,” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of anetwork entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0078] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other earners. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology).

[0079] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity7105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g.. in a TDD mode).

[0080] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE1 15 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.

[0081] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.

[0082] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts= l / fmax■seconds, for which fmaxmay represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0083] Each frame may include multiple consecutively -numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some wireless communications systems100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.

[0084] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity’ of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0085] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g.. CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 1 15. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.

[0086] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell'’ may refer to a logical communication entity usedfor communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or others). In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.

[0087] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered network entity 105 (e.g., a lower-powered base station 140). as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g.. the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). A network entity 105 may support one or multiple cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.

[0088] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol ty pes (e.g.. MTC, narrowband loT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access for different types of devices.

[0089] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, aheterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0090] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g.. base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

[0091] Some UEs 1 15 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently). In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.

[0092] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0093] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 1 15 without an involvement of a network entity 105.

[0094] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to- everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to- network (V2N) communications, or with both.

[0095] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g.. a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet DataNetwork (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility7, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g.. base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.

[0096] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0097] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also know n as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications sy stem 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170), and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissionsthat use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country' or regulating body.

[0098] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.

[0099] A network entity 105 (e.g.. a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity', receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a netw ork entity' 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A netw ork entity' 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 1 15. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.

[0100] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas.Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g.. the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0101] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity' 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g.. with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation).

[0102] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g.. antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity' 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity' 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions oftransmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0103] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by transmitting device (e g., a transmitting network entity 105, a transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a receiving network entity 105 or a receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.

[0104] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115). The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (C SIRS)). which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170), a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

[0105] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 1 15) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105), such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g.. different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as ‘‘listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to- noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0106] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 1 15 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.

[0107] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automaticrepeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., a communication link 125, a D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g.. using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal -to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.

[0108] In some examples, apportions of the core network 130 and network entities 105 may include a first network and a second network. The UE 115 may communicate with the first network over a first access and with the second network over a second access. The core network 130 may determine a paging strategy for communications between the core network 130 and a UE 1 15 based on one or more services at the UE. For example, the core network 130 may determine to transmit paging to the UE 115 via the first access (e.g., a terrestrial access, new radio (NR) link) based on scheduled low- latency traffic between the core network 130 and the UE. The core network 130 may communicate the paging strategy using the first network or the second network. For example, the core network 130 may indicate the paging strategy' to the UE 115 via a network function of the first network, which may be a PCF or an SMF. In such examples, the UE 115 may indicate paging restriction information to an AMF of the first network based on receiving the paging strategy to allow the AMF to enforce the paging strategy7. In some other examples, the core network 130 may indicate the paging strategy' directly to the AMF via the network function (e.g., the PCF, the SMF) to allow the AMF to enforce the paging strategy. In yet some other examples, the core network 130 may indicate for the SMF may enforce the paging strategy. In such examples, the PCF may' indicate the paging strategy to the SMF, or the SMF may be locally configured with the paging strategy'. Based on receiving the paging strategy, the AMF or the SMF may determine to forward or suppress forwarding paging notifications transmitted by the core network 130 to the UE 115.

[0109] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may include a UE 115-a. which may communicate with a data network 205. The data network 205 may be an example of a core network 130 as described with reference to FIG. 1 . The UE 115-a may communicate with the data network 205 over at least one of a first network 210-a, a second network 210-b, or both. In some examples, the first network 210-a and the second network 210-b may both be a public land mobile network (PLMN). In such examples, the UE 1 15-a may communicate with the first network 210-a according to a first subscription and may communicate with the second network according to a second subscription. In some other examples, the first network 210-a may be a PLMN, and the second network 210-b may be a standalone non-public network (SNPN). In such other examples, the PLMN and the SNPN may be managed by the same operator or by two partner operators. The UE 115-a may communicate with a primary access 215-a of the first network 210-a and a secondary access 215-b of the second network 210-b.

[0110] The UE 115-a may operate according to a connection management (CM) state. For example, the UE 115-a may operate in a RRC connected mode, a RRC inactive mode, a RRC idle mode, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the UE 115-a may operate over both the primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b in an idle mode. In such examples, the UE 115-a may not monitor for nor receive data messages from the data network 205 via the primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b. However, the UE 115-a may monitor the primary access 215-a, the secondary access 215-b, or both for paging messages (e.g., paging) from the data network 205. The data network 205 may transmit paging to the UE 115-a via the first network 210-a, the second network 210-b, or both. The first network 210-a and the second network 210-b may receive the paging from the data network 205 and may determine to forward or not forward the paging to the UE 1 15-a according to one or more paging strategies. Based on receiving the paging from the data network 205, the UE 115-a may trigger a service request and may begin communicating data with the data network 205. In some examples this may include operating over both the primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b in a connected mode.

[0111] In some examples, the primary access 215-a may be a 3GPP access, and the secondary access 215-b may not be a 3GPP access. In such examples, the UE 115-a, the first network 210-a, and the second network 210-b may implement rules (e.g., ATSSS rules) to support communicating with the data network 205 via a 3GPP access and a non-3GPP access. In some examples, the rules may include the one or more paging strategies. To communicate over more multiple accesses, the UE 115-a, the data network 205, or both may establish a multi-access protocol data unit (MA-PDU) session. The MA PDU session may be established within the first network 210-a, the second network 210-b. or may span across (e.g.. include) the first network 210-a and the second network 210-b. The primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b may operate according to a same RAT or different RATs. For example, the primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b may both be NR accesses. Alternatively, the primary access 215-a may be a non-terrestrial network (NTN), and the secondary access 215-b may be an LTE network.

[0112] In some other examples, the primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b may both be 3GPP accesses. In such other examples, the UE 115-a, the first network 210-a, and the second network 210-b may implement dual steer techniques and ATSSS rules to support communicating with the data network 205 via two different 3GPP accesses. In some examples, the rules may include the one or more paging strategies. To communicate over more multiple 3GPP accesses, the UE 115-a, the data network 205, or both may establish a dual-3GPP access (D3A) PDU session. The D3A PDU session may be established within the first network 210-a. the second network 210-b, or may span across (e.g., include) the first network 210-a and the second network 210-b.

[0113] Alternatively, the UE 115-a may support MUSIM operations. For example, the UE 115-a may communicate with the data network 205 via a first subscriber identity module (SIM) (e.g., the primary access 215-a) and a second SIM (e.g., the secondary access 215-b). In some examples where the UE 115-a supports MUSIM operations, the UE 1 15-a may not support ATSSS rules, and accordingly the UE 115-a, the first network 210-a, and the second network 210-b may not communicate with the data network 205 according to ATSSS rules. Instead, the UE 115-a may indicate information associated with paging restrictions at the UE 115-a to the data network 205 during aservice request or a registration request. The paging restriction information may indicate that all paging to the UE 115-a is restricted, that all paging to the UE 115-a except for voice sendee (e.g., IMS voice) paging is restricted, that all paging to the UE 115-a except for certain PDU sessions is restricted, or any combination thereof.

[0114] The paging strategy may include one or more paging rules (e.g.. paging restrictions) associated with paging the UE 115-a and may indicate whether to apply the paging restrictions. The paging restrictions included in the paging strategy7may be associated with different UE capabilities. For example, the paging strategy may include one or more paging rules associated with MUSIM traffic. For example, the paging strategy' may indicate that no paging for MUSIM traffic is restricted or that all paging for MUSIM traffic is restricted. Additionally, or alternatively, the paging strategy may indicate to page all MUSIM traffic over the first SIM or the second SIM. Additionally, or alternatively, the paging strategy may indicate to page traffic for a first PDU session over the first SIM and to page traffic for a second PDU session over the second SIM.

[0115] In some examples, the paging strategy may also include one or more paging rules associated with D3A PDU session traffic. For example, the paging strategy may indicate that no paging for D3A PDU Session traffic is restricted or that all paging is restricted. Additionally, or alternatively, the paging strategy may indicate to page all D3A PDU session traffic over the primary access 215-a, the secondary access 215-b. or whichever of the primary access 215-a, the secondary access 215-b was most recently active. The paging strategy' may further indicate that the primary' access 215-a has a higher priority relative to the secondary access 215-b, or vice versa. Additionally, or alternatively, the paging strategy may indicate to page traffic for a first D3A PDU session over the primary access 215-a, traffic for a second D3A PDU session over the secondary access 215-b, and traffic for a third D3A PDU session over yvhichever of the primary' access 215-a, the secondary access 215-b was most recently active.

[0116] Additionally, or alternatively, the paging strategy may indicate to page D3A PDU session traffic over a first access (yvhich may be the primary access 215-a or the secondary access 215-b) or over a second access (which may be the secondary access 215-b or the primary' access 215-a). In some examples, the primary access 215-a and the secondary' access 215-b may change throughout the life of the D3A PDU session. For example, at a first point in time, the first access may be the primary access 215-a andthe second access may be the secondary access 215-b. At a second point in time, the first access may be the secondary access 215-b and the second access may be the secondary' access 215-b. In some examples, the first access may be associated with the first network 210-a and a first RAT, and the second access may be associated with the second network 210-b and a second RAT.

[0117] The first network 210-a may be comprised of multiple network functions. For example, the first network 210-a may include the primary' access 215-a, an AMF 220-a, a SMF 225-a, a PCF 230-a, and a UPF 235-a. The UE 115-a may communicate with the AMF 220-a via interface 240-a (e.g., a 5th Generation (5G) N1 interface). The AMF 220-a may communicate with the primary access 215-a via interface 245-a (e.g., a 5G N2 interface). The UE 115-a may communicate with the UPF 235-a using the primary' access 215-a via interface 250-a (e.g., a 5G N3 interface). The SMF 225-a may communicate with the UPF 235-a via interface 255-a (e.g., a 5GN4 interface). The UPF 235-a may communicate with the data network 205 via interface 260 (e.g., a 5G N6 interface). The SMF 225-a may communicate with the PCF 230-a via interface 265-a (e.g., a 5G N7 interface). The AMF 220-a and the SMF 225-a may communicate via interface 270-a (e.g., a 5G N11 interface).

[0118] Similarly, the second network 210-b may be comprised of multiple network functions. For example, the second network 210-b may include the secondary' access 215-b, an AMF 220-b, a SMF 225-b, a PCF 230-b, a UPF 235-b. The UE 115-a may communicate with the AMF 220-b via interface 240-b (e.g., a 5G N1 interface). The AMF 220-b may communicate with the secondary access 215-b via interface 245-b (e.g., a 5G N2 interface). The UE 115-a may communicate with the UPF 235-b using the secondary' access 215-b via interface 250-b (e.g., a 5G N3 interface). The SMF 225-b may communicate with the UPF 235-b via interface 255-b (e.g., a 5GN4 interface). The SMF 225-b may communicate with the PCF 230-b via interface 265-b (e.g., a 5G N7 interface). The AMF 220-b and the SMF 225-b may communicate via interface 270-b (e.g., a 5GN11 interface).

[0119] The UPF 235-a of the first network 210-a may communicate with the UPF 235-b of the second network 210-b via interface 275 (e.g., a 5G N9 interface). The SMF 225-a of the first network 210-a may communicate with the SMF 225-b of the second network 210-b via interface 280 (e.g., a 5G N16 interface).

[0120] In some examples, the first network 210-a and the second network 210-b may enforce paging strategies to control paging between the data network 205 and the UE 115-a. The data network 205 may determine the paging strategy based on current services or applications at the UE 115-a. For example, if the data network 205 communicates with the UE 115-a using a lower-latency PDU session, the data network 205 may determine to page the UE 115-a using the primary access 215-a, which may be aNR access. Similarly, if the data network 205 communicates with the UE 115-a over a network slice that is used for delay-tolerant services, the data network 205 may determine to page the UE 115-a using the secondary access 215-b, which may be a satellite access.

[0121] In some examples, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy to the UE 115-a via the first network 210-a. In some cases, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy to the PCF 230-a of the first network, and the PCF 230-a may indicate the paging strategy to the UE 115-a via UE route selection policy (URSP) rules. In some other cases, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy to the SMF 225-a of the first network, and the SMF 225 -a may indicate the paging strategy to the UE 115-a via ATSSS rules during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification. Additionally, or alternatively, the data network 205 may indicate paging restriction information to the UE 115-a per access (e.g., may indicate separate paging restriction information for each of the primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b). The UE 115-a may convert the paging strategy into a first set of paging restrictions and may indicate the first set of paging restrictions to the AMF 220-a. The UE 115-a may also convert the paging strategy into a second set of paging restrictions according to the paging strategy, which the UE 115-a may transmit to the AMF 220-b. The second set of paging restrictions may be the same as or different than the first set of paging restrictions. In such examples, the AMF 220-a may enforce the first set of paging restrictions, and the AMF 220-b may enforce the second set of paging restrictions.

[0122] Similarly, in some other examples, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy7to the AMF 220-a of the first network 210-a. In such examples, the AMF 220-a may enforce the paging strategy. In some cases, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy to the PCF 230-a of the first network, and the PCF 230-amay indicate the paging strategy to the AMF 220-a. In some other cases, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy to the SMF 225-a of the first network, and the SMF 225-a may indicate the paging strategy to the AMF 220-a during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification. Additionally, or alternatively, the data network 205 may indicate paging restriction information to the AMF 220-a per access (e.g., may indicate separate paging restriction information for each of the primary access 215-a and the secondary access 215-b).

[0123] In yet some other examples, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy’ to the SMF 225-a of the first network 210-a. In such examples, the SMF 225-a may enforce the paging strategy. In some cases, the data network 205 may indicate the paging strategy7to the PCF 230-a of the first network, and the PCF 230-a may indicate the paging strategy7to the SMF 225-a during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification. In some other cases, the SMF may be configured (e.g., locally) with the paging strategy.

[0124] In some examples, the paging strategy may be a first paging strategy associated with the first network 210-a. The data network 205 may also determine a second paging strategy7associated with the second network 210-b and may indicate the second paging strategy to the second network 210-b or to the UE 115-a via the second network 210-b. For example, the data network may indicate the second paging strategy to the PCF 230-b of the second network or to the SMF 225-b of the second network. The PCF 230-b or the SMF 225-b may indicate the second paging strategy’ to the UE 115-a, which the UE 115-a may convert into a second set of paging restrictions. The UE 115-a may transmit the second set of paging restrictions to the AMF 220-b. and the AMF 220-b may enforce the second set of paging restrictions. Additionally, or alternatively, the PCF 230-b or the SMF 225-b may indicate the paging strategy directly to the AMF 220-b. If the UE 115-a receives the second paging strategy after the first paging strategy, the UE 115-a may override the paging restrictions included in the first paging strategy with the paging restrictions included in the second paging strategy. Similarly, if the UE 115-a receives the first paging strategy after the second paging strategy7, the UE 115-a may override the paging restrictions included in the second paging strategy with the paging restrictions included in the first paging strategy.

[0125] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow 300 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. For instance, in the example of FIG. 3, a UE 115-b may communicate with a core network via a first network 305-a and a second network 305-b, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein, including with reference to FIG. 1. In the following description of the process flow 300, the operations between the UE 115-b, the first network 305-a, and the second network 305-b may be performed in a different order than the example shown, or the operations between the UE 115-b, the first network 305-a, and the second network 305-b may be performed in different orders at different times. Some operations may also be omitted form the process flow 300, and other operations may be added to the process flow 300.

[0126] In some examples, the first network 305-a may include an AMF 310-a, a PCF 315-a, a SMF 320-a, and a UPF 325, and the second network may include an AMF 310-b, a PCF 315-b, and a SMF 320-b, which may be examples of devices described herein with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 115-b may communicate with the AMF 310-a, the AMF 310-b, the PCF 315-a, the PCF 315-b, the SMF 320-a, and the SMF 320-b. Additionally, the UE 115-b may communicate with the UPF 325 via at least one of the AMF 310-a, the AMF 310-b, the SMF 320-a, and the SMF 320-b. The UE 115-b may be a MUSIM UE or a D3A UE.

[0127] In some examples, the UE 115-b may determine initial paging restrictions to apply to communications between the UE 115-b and the core network. The UE 1 15-b may indicate the initial paging restrictions to the AMF 310-a during device registration.

[0128] The UE 115-b may receive an indication of a paging strategy7from a network function of the first network 305-a or from a network function of the second network 305-b. For example, at 330-a, the UE 115-b may receive an indication of a first paging strategy' from the PCF 315-a. Similarly, at 330-b, the UE 115-b may receive an indication of a second paging strategy from the PCF 315-b. In some examples, the PCF 315-a may indicate the first paging strategy to the UE 115-b during URSP rule provisioning, where the first paging strategy is included in an URSP rule.

[0129] In some examples, at 335-a, the PCF 315-a may transmit an indication of the first paging strategy7to the SMF 320-a. Similarly, at 335-b, the PCF 315-b may transmit an indication of the first paging strategy to the SMF 320-b.

[0130] At 340-a, the UE 115-b may receive an indication of the first paging strategy from the SMF 320-a. The SMF 320-a may indicate the first paging strategy to the UE 115-b via ATSSS rules during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification. Accordingly, for the UE 115-b to receive the first paging strategy7from the SMF 320-a, the UE 115-b has the capability7of supporting ATSSS and may not be a MUSIM UE. In some examples, the SMF 320-a may receive the indication of the first paging strategy from the PCF 315-a at 335-a. In some other examples, the SMF 320-a may be configured (e.g., locally) with the first paging strategy7. Similarly, at 340-b, the UE 115-b may receive an indication of the second paging strategy7from the SMF 320-b.

[0131] At 345, the UE 115-b may convert the first paging strategy7received from the PCF 315-a or the SMF 320-a into a first set of paging restrictions. If the UE 115-b received the second paging strategy from the PCF 315-b or the SMF 320-b, the UE may convert the second paging strategy7into a second set of paging restrictions. In some examples where the UE 115-b receives multiple indications of the paging strategy, the UE 115-b may use the most recently received indication to override any previously received paging strategies. For example, if the UE 1 15-a receives a first indication from the PCF 315-a at 330-a and receives a second indication from the SMF 320-a at 340-a after the first indication, the UE 115-a may override the first indication received in 330-a with the second indication received in 335-a.

[0132] At 350-a, the UE 115-b may transmit the first set of paging restrictions to the AMF 310-a. At 350-b. the UE 115-b may transmit paging restrictions to the AMF 310-b. In some examples, the UE 115-b may transmit the second set of paging restrictions to the AMF 310-b based on input (e.g., the second paging strategy7) from the PCF 315-b. In some other examples, the UE 115-b may transmit the first set of paging restrictions to the AMF 310-b based on input (e.g., the first paging strategy) from the PCF 315-a.

[0133] The UPF 325 may receive an indication of mobile terminated data for the UE 115-b. The UPF 325 may generate a paging message indicating that downlink datahas been received for transmission to the UE 1 15-b. At 355, the UPF 325 may transmit an indication of the paging message to the SMF 320-a.

[0134] At 360, the SMF 320-a may forward the paging message to the AMF 310-a. The paging message may indicate for the AMF 310-a to page the UE 115-b to exit an idle mode to communicate with the core network over the first network 305-a.

[0135] Additionally, at 365, the SMF 320-a may transmit signaling to the second network 305-b indicating for the second network 305-b to page the UE 115-b. In some examples, the SMF 320-a may transmit the signal to the SMF 320-b of the second network 305-b. The SMF 320-a may transmit the signaling at 365 before, after, or concurrently with forwarding the paging message to the AMF 310-a at 360.

[0136] At 370. the SMF 320-b may transmit a paging message to the AMF 310-b based on receiving the signaling from the SMF 320-a. The paging message may indicate for the AMF 310-b to page the UE 115-b to exit an idle mode to communicate with the core netw ork over the second netw ork 305-b.

[0137] At 375, the AMF 310-b may transmit an indication of communication failure to the SMF 320-b. In some examples, the AMF 310-b may determine to suppress transmitting paging to the UE 115-b based on the paging restrictions received from the UE 115-b. For example, based on receiving the first set of paging restrictions from the UE 115-b, the AMF 310-b may not transmit paging to the UE 115-b. Accordingly, the AMF 310-b may transmit signaling to the SMF 320-b indicating failure to communicate with the UE 115-b.

[0138] At 380, the SMF 320-b may transmit signaling to the SMF 320-a indicating that the second network 305-b did not page the UE 115-b.

[0139] At 385, the AMF 310-a may page the UE 115-b. In some examples, the AMF 310-a may page the UE 115-b according to the first set of paging restrictions transmitted to the AMF 310-a by the UE 115-b. The AMF 310-a may continue to page the UE 115-b according to the first set of paging restrictions until the AMF 310-a receives a second set of paging restrictions from the UE 115-b subsequent to receiving the first set of paging restrictions.

[0140] Receiving the paging from the AMF 310-a may satisfy a trigger at the UE 115-b to transmit a sendee request to the UPF 325 so that the UE 115-b can begin communicating data with the core network.

[0141] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow 400 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 400 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. For instance, in the example of FIG. 4, a UE 115-c may communicate with a core network via a first network 405-a and a second network 405-b, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein, including with reference to FIG. 1. In the following description of the process flow 400, the operations between the UE 115-c, the first network 405-a. and the second network 405-b may be performed in a different order than the example shown, or the operations between the UE 115-c, the first network 405-a, and the second network 405-b may be performed in different orders at different times. Some operations may also be omitted form the process flow 400, and other operations may be added to the process flow 400.

[0142] In some examples, the first network 405-a may include an AMF 410-a, a PCF 415-a. a SMF 420-a, and a UPF 425. and the second network may include an AMF 410-b, a PCF 415-b, and a SMF 420-b, which may be examples of devices described herein with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 115-c may communicate with the AMF 410-a, the AMF 410-b, the PCF 415-a, the PCF 415-b, the SMF 420-a, and the SMF 420-b. Additionally, the UE 115-c may communicate with the UPF 425 via at least one of the AMF 410-a, the AMF 410-b, the SMF 420-a, and the SMF 420-b. The UE 115-c may be a MUSIM UE or a D3A UE.

[0143] In some examples, the UE 115-c may receive an indication of a paging strategy from a network function of the first network 405-a or from a network function of the second network 405-b. For example, at 430-a, the UE 115-c may receive an indication of a first paging strategy from the PCF 415-a. Similarly, at 430-b, the UE 115-c may receive an indication of a second paging strategy7from the PCF 415-b. Additionally, or alternatively, at 435-a the UE 115-c may receive an indication of thefirst paging strategy from the SMF 420-a, and at 435-b, the UE 1 15-c may receive an indication of the second paging strategy from the SMF 420-b.

[0144] The AMF 410-a may receive an indication of a paging strategy from a network function of the first network 405 -a. For example, at 440-a, the AMF 410-a may receive an indication of a first paging strategy from the PCF 415-a. The AMF 410-a may perform an access and mobility (AM) policy association procedure with the PCF 415-a, during which the AMF 410-a may indicate network support (e.g., a capability of the UE 115-c) for MUSIM operations, D3A operations, or both. The PCF 415-a may provide the AMF 410-a with the first paging strategy based on receiving the indication from the AMF 410-a during AM policy association. Similarly, at 440-b, the AMF 410-b may receive an indication of a second paging strategy from the PCF 415-b. The AMF 410-a and the AMF 410-b may store the first paging strategy and the second paging strategy, respectively. If the AMF 410-a or the AMF 410-b received any paging restriction information from the UE 115-c prior to receiving the respective indication of the first paging restriction or the second paging restriction, the AMF 410-a or the AMF 410-b may override the paging restriction information with the respective first or second paging strategy.

[0145] Additionally, or alternatively, at 445-a, the AMF 410-a may receive the indication of the first paging strategy from the SMF 420-a. The SMF 420-a may indicate the first paging strategy to the AMF 410-a during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification. The AMF 410-a may store each paging strategy received from the SMF 420-a associated with a given PDU session ID. In some examples, the SMF 420-a may receive the indication of the first paging strategy from the PCF 415-a. In some other examples, the SMF 420-a may be configured (e.g., locally) with the first paging strategy7. Similarly, at 445-b, the AMF 410-b may receive an indication of the second paging strategy from the SMF 420-b.

[0146] In some examples, because the AMF 410-a and the AMF 410-b receive their respective paging strategies directly from a network function of the first network 405-a and the second network 405-b, the paging strategies may include additional information. For example, in addition to paging restriction information, the first paging strategy7may indicate a number of paging repetitions the AMF 410-a should attempt before declaring a communication failure between the first network 405-a and the UE 115-c.

[0147] The UPF 425 may receive an indication of mobile terminated data for the UE 115-c. The UPF 425 may generate a paging message that may indicate that downlink data is available for transmission to the UE 115-c. At 450, the UPF 425 may transmit an indication of the paging message to the SMF 320-a.

[0148] At 455. the SMF 420-a may forward the paging message to the AMF 410-a. The paging message may indicate for the AMF 410-a to page the UE 115-c to exit an idle mode to communicate with the core network over the first network 405-a.

[0149] Additionally, at 460, the SMF 420-a may transmit signaling to the second network 405-b indicating for the second network 405-b to page the UE 115-c. In some examples, the SMF 420-a may transmit the signal to the SMF 420-b of the second network 405-b. The SMF 420-a may transmit the signaling at 460 before, after, or concurrently with forwarding the paging message to the AMF 410-a at 455.

[0150] At 465, the SMF 420-b may transmit a paging message to the AMF 410-b based on receiving the signaling from the SMF 420-a. The paging message may indicate for the AMF 410-b to page the UE 115-c to exit an idle mode to communicate with the core network over the second network 405-b.

[0151] At 470, the AMF 410-b may transmit an indication of communication failure to the SMF 420-b. In some examples, the AMF 410-b may determine to suppress transmitting paging to the UE 115-c based on the paging strategy received from the PCF 415-b or the SMF 420-b. For example, based on receiving the second paging strategy, the AMF 410-b may not transmit paging to the UE 1 15-c. Additionally, or alternatively, the AMF 410-b may determine a communication failure based on satisfying a number of failed paging attempts. Accordingly, the AMF 410-b may transmit signaling to the SMF 420-b indicating failure to communicate with the UE 115-c. At 475, the SMF 420-b may transmit signaling to the SMF 420-a indicating that the second network 405-b did not page the UE 115-c.

[0152] At 480, the AMF 410-a may page the UE 115-c. In some examples, the AMF 410-a may page the UE 115-c according to the first paging strategy transmitted to the AMF 410-a. The AMF 410-a may continue to page the UE 115-c according to the first paging strategy until the AMF 410-a receives a second paging strategy subsequent to receiving the first paging strategy. Receiving the paging from the AMF 410-a maysatisfy a trigger at the UE 115-c to transmit a service request to the UPF 425 so that the UE 115-c can begin communicating data with the core network.

[0153] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 500 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. For instance, in the example of FIG. 5, a UE 115-d may communicate with a core network via a first network 505-a and a second network 505-b, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein, including with reference to FIG. 1. In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations between the UE 115-d, the first network 505-a, and the second network 505-b may be performed in a different order than the example shown, or the operations between the UE 115-d, the first network 505-a, and the second network 505-b may be performed in different orders at different times. Some operations may also be omitted form the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500.

[0154] In some examples, the first network 505-a may include an AMF 510-a, a PCF 515-a. a SMF 520-a, and a UPF 525, and the second network may include an AMF 510-b, a PCF 515-b, and a SMF 520-b, which may be examples of devices described herein with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 1 15-d may communicate with the AMF 510-a, the AMF 510-b, the PCF 515-a, the PCF 515-b, the SMF 520-a, and the SMF 520-b. Additionally, the UE 115-d may communicate with the UPF 525 via at least one of the AMF 510-a, the AMF 510-b, the SMF 520-a, and the SMF 520-b. The UE 115-d may be a MUSIM UE or a D3A UE.

[0155] The SMF 520-a may receive an indication of a paging strategy from a network function of the first network 505-a. For example, at 530-a, the SMF 520-a may receive an indication of a first paging strategy from the PCF 515-a. The PCF 515-a maytransmit the indication to the SMF 520-a during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification as a part of (e.g., included in) policy and charging control rules. Similarly, at 530-b, the SMF 520-b may receive an indication of a second paging strategy from the PCF 515-b. The SMF 520-a and the SMF 520-b may locally store the first paging strategy and the second paging strategy, respectively. Additionally, oralternatively, the SMF 520-a, the SMF 520-b, or both may be locally configured with the respective first paging strategy or second paging strategy7. In such examples, the SMF 520-b may override the locally configured paging strategy with the respective first or second paging strategy received from the AMF 510-a or the AMF 510-b.

[0156] At 535-a. the SMF 520-a may transmit a partial paging strategy to the AMF 510-a. For example, the SMF 520-a may indication of a portion of the first paging strategy' to the AMF 510-a during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification. The AMF 510-a may store each paging strategy received from the SMF 520-a associated with a given PDU session ID. Similarly, at 535-b, the AMF 510-b may receive an indication of the second paging strategy from the SMF 520-b.

[0157] In some examples, the UE 1 15-d may also receive an indication of a paging strategy' from a network function of the first network 505-a or from a network function of the second network 505-b. For example, at 540-a, the UE 115-d may receive an indication of a first paging strategy’ from the PCF 515-a. Similarly, at 540-b, the UE 115-d may receive an indication of a second paging strategy' from the PCF 515-b. Additionally, or alternatively, at 545-a, the UE 115-d may receive an indication of the first paging strategy' from the SMF 520-a, and at 545-b, the UE 115-d may receive an indication of the second paging strategy from the SMF 520-b.

[0158] In some examples, because the SMF 520-a and the SMF 520-b receive their respective paging strategies directly from a network function of the first network 505-a and the second network 505-b, or because the SMF 520-a and the SMF 520-b may be locally configured with their respective paging strategies, the paging strategies may include additional information. For example, in addition to paging restriction information, the first paging strategy may indicate a number of paging repetitions the SMF 520-a should attempt before attempt before declaring a communication failure between the first network 505-a and the UE 115-d.

[0159] The UPF 525 may receive an indication of mobile terminated data for the UE 115-d. The UPF 425 may generate a paging message that may indicate that downlink data is available for the UE 115-d. At 550, the UPF 525 may transmit an indication of the paging message to the SMF 520-a.

[0160] At 555, the SMF 520-a may determine whether to signal the AMF 510-a of the first network or the SMF 520-b of the second network to page the UE 115-d. In some examples, the SMF 520-a may select the AMF 510-a for paging based on the first paging strategy or the second paging strategy. Based on selecting the AMF 510-a, at 560, the SMF 520-a may forward the paging message to the AMF 510-a. The paging message may indicate for the AMF 510-a to page the UE 115-d to exit an idle mode to communicate with the core network over the first network 505 -a.

[0161] In some other examples, at 565, the SMF 520-a may transmit signaling to the second network 505-b indicating for the second network 505-b to page the UE 115-d. In some examples, the SMF 520-a may transmit the signal to the SMF 520-b of the second network 505-b. The SMF 520-a may transmit the signaling at 565 before, after, or concurrently with forwarding the paging message to the AMF 510-a at 560.Additionally, or alternatively, the SMF 520-a may transmit the signal to the SMF 520-b at 565 but may not forward the paging message to the AMF 510-a at 560 according to the first paging strategy.

[0162] At 570, the SMF 520-b may transmit a paging message to the AMF 510-b based on receiving the signaling from the SMF 520-a. The paging message may indicate for the AMF 510-b to page the UE 115-d to exit an idle mode to communicate with the core network over the second network 505-b.

[0163] At 575, the AMF 510-b may transmit an indication of communication failure to the SMF 520-b. In some examples, the AMF 510-b may determine to suppress transmitting paging to the UE 115-d based on the paging strategy' received from the PCF 515-b or the SMF 520-b. For example, based on receiving the second paging strategy’, the AMF 510-b may not transmit paging to the UE 115-d. Additionally, or alternatively, the AMF 510-b may determine a communication failure based on satisfying a number of failed paging attempts. Accordingly, the AMF 510-b may transmit signaling to the SMF 520-b indicating failure to communicate with the UE 115-d. At 580, the SMF 520-b may transmit signaling to the SMF 520-a indicating that the second network 505-b did not page the UE 115-d.

[0164] At 585, the AMF 510-a may page the UE 115-d. In some examples, the AMF 510-a may page the UE 115-d according to the first paging strategy' transmitted tothe AMF 510-a. The AMF 510-a may continue to page the UE 115-d according to the first paging strategy7until the AMF 510-a receives a second paging strategy' subsequent to receiving the first paging strategy. Receiving the paging from the AMF 510-a may satisfy a trigger at the UE 115-d to transmit a service request to the UPF 525 so that the UE 1 15-d can begin communicating data with the core network.

[0165] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. For instance, in the example of FIG. 6, a UE 115-e may7communicate with a core network 605 via a first network 610, which may include a first network function (NF) 615 and a second NF 620, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein, including with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations between the UE 115-e, the core network 605, the first NF 615, and the second NF 620 may be performed in a different order than the example shown, or the operations betw een the UE 115-e, the core network 605, the first NF 615, and the second NF 620 may be performed in different orders at different times. Some operations may also be omitted form the process flow7600, and other operations may be added to the process flow7600.

[0166] At 625, the first NF 615 of the first netw ork 610 may transmit, to the UE 115-e, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE 115-e. The UE 115-e may be connected to the first network 610 and to a second network. In some examples, the first NF 615 may be a PCF of the first network 610 and the UE 115-e may be either a D3A UE or a MUSIM UE. In such examples, the first NF 615 may transmit the paging strategy' to the UE 115-e according to one or more URSP rules.

[0167] In some other examples, the first NF 615 may be a SMF of the first network 610 and the UE 115-e may be a D3A UE. In such other examples, the first NF 615 may transmit the paging strategy to the UE 115-e according to one or more ATSSS rules during PDU session establishment or PDU session modification.

[0168] At 630 the second NF 620 may receive paging restriction information from the UE 115-e. The paging restriction information may include a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy. In some examples, the second NF 620 may be an AMF of the first network 610.

[0169] At 635 the second NF 620 may receive a paging notification associated with paging the UE 115-e. In some examples, the core network 605 may transmit the paging notification to the second NF 620. At 640 the second NF 620 may apply the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification. In some examples, by applying the set of paging restrictions, the second NF 620 may determine to page the UE 115-e or may determine not to page the UE 115-e. For example, at 645 the second NF 620 may page the UE 115-e if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information. Additionally, or alternatively, at 650 the second NF 620 may suppress paging of or to the UE 115-e if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0170] FIG. 7 shows an example of a process flow 700 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 700 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. For instance, in the example of FIG. 7, a UE 115-f may communicate with a core network 705 via a first network 710, which may include a first NF 715 and a second NF 720, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein, including with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In the following description of the process flow 700, the operations between the UE 115-f, the core network 705, the first NF 715, and the second NF 720 may be performed in a different order than the example shown, or the operations between the UE 115-f, the core network 705, the first NF 715, and the second NF 720 may be performed in different orders at different times. Some operations may also be omitted form the process flow 700, and other operations may be added to the process flow 700.

[0171] At 725, the first NF 715 of the first network 710 may receive a paging strategy associated with associated with paging the UE 115-f from the second NF 720. The UE may be connected to the first network 710 and to a second network. In someexamples, the first NF 715 may be an AMF of the first network 710, and the second NF 720 may be a PCF of the first network 710. In such examples, the first NF 715 may receive the paging strategy from the PCF during AM policy association establishment, AM policy association modification, or both. In some other examples, the first NF 715 may be an AMF of the first network 710, and the second NF 720 may be a SMF of the first network 710. In such other examples, the first NF 715 may receive the paging strategy from the SMF during PDU session establishment, PDU session modification, or both. The paging strategy’ may include a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0172] At 730 the first NF 715 may receive a paging notification associated with paging the UE 115-f from the core network 705. In some examples, the UE 115-f may be a MUSIM UE or a D3A UE. At 735 the first NF 715 may apply the paging strategy7to the paging notification. In some examples, by applying the paging strategy, the first NF 715 may determine to page the UE 115-f or may determine not to page the UE 115-f. For example, at 740 the first NF 715 may7page the UE 115-f if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information. Additionally, or alternatively, at 745 the first NF 715 may suppress paging of or to the UE 115-f if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0173] FIG. 8 shows an example of a process flow 800 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 800 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. For instance, in the example of FIG. 8, a UE may communicate with a core network 805 via a first NF 810 and a second NF 815, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein, including with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In the following description of the process flow 800, the operations between the core network 805, the first NF 810, and the second NF 815 may be performed in a different order than the example shown, or the operations between the core network 805, the first NF 810, and the second NF 815 may be performed in different orders at different times. Some operations may also be omitted form the process flow 800, and other operations may be added to the process flow 800.

[0174] At 820 the first NF 810 may obtain a paging strategy associated with paging the UE. In some examples, the UE may be connected to a first network and a second network. The UE may be a D3A UE or a MUSIM UE, and the first NF 810 may be a SMF of the first network. The paging strategy may include a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0175] In some examples, the first NF 810 may receive an indication of the paging strategy' from the second NF 815. In such examples, the second NF may be a PCF of the first network and may transmit the paging strategy' to the first NF 810 during PDU session establishment, PDU session modification, or both. In some other examples, the first NF 810 may be preconfigured with the paging strategy.

[0176] At 825 the first NF 81 may receive a paging notification associated with paging the UE from the core network 805. At 830 the first NF 810 may apply the paging strategy' to the paging notification. By applying the paging strategy, the first NF 810 may determine to page the UE using the first network or may determine to page the UE using the second network.

[0177] In some examples, the second NF 815 may be an AMF of the first network. In other examples, at 835 the first NF 810 may forward a portion of the paging strategy' (e.g., a partial paging strategy ) to the second NF 815 to allow the second NF 815 to control paging between the core network 805 and the UE. At 840 the first NF 810 may select the second NF 815 for paging according to the paging strategy and may transmit the paging notification to the second NF 815. In some other examples, the second NF 815 may be a SMF of the second network. In such other examples, at 845 the first NF 810 may suppress forwarding of the paging notification to an AMF of the first network. Instead, at 850 the first NF 810 may transmit signaling to the second NF 815 indicating to page the UE using an AMF of the second network.

[0178] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a first network as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910. a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920. The device 905, or one or more components of the device 905 (e.g., the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, and thecommunications manager 920), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g.. via one or more buses).

[0179] The receiver 910 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g.. receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. In some examples, the receiver 910 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 910 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0180] The transmitter 915 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g.. control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some examples, the transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 915 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 915 and the receiver 910 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0181] The communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0182] In some examples, the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory).

[0183] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g.. as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP. a CPU. an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0184] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g.. receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, send information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0185] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a pagingstrategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0186] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy7to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy7includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0187] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a pagingstrategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forw arding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0188] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communications manager 920. or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced power consumption and more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0189] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports netw ork based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a device 905 or a first network as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. The device 1005, or one of more components of the device 1005 (e.g., the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, and the communications manager 1020), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0190] The receiver 1010 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas.Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0191] The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for outputting (e g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0192] The device 1005, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of network based paging optimizations for multiaccess applications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may include a paging information component 1025, a restriction information component 1030, a notification component 1035, a paging component 1040, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 920 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1020, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015. or both. For example, the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0193] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The paging information component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The restriction information component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy. The notification component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The paging component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0194] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The paging information component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The notification component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The paging component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0195] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The paging information component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy- associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The notification component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The paging component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0196] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a communications manager 1120 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 920, a communications manager 1020, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of network based paging optimizations for dual steer and MUSIM applications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include a paging information component 1125, a restriction information component 1130, a notification component 1135, a paging component 1140, a policy association component 1145, a paging suppression component 1150, a signaling component 1155, a route selection component 1160, a PDU session component 1165, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0197] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The paging information component 1125 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to aUE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The restriction information component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy. The notification component 1135 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The paging component 1140 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0198] In some examples, the first network function is a policy control function.

[0199] In some examples, to support transmitting the paging strategy7, the route selection component 1160 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the paging strategy to the UE according to one or more UE route selection policy rules.

[0200] In some examples, the UE is a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0201] In some examples, to support transmitting the paging strategy, the paging information component 1125 is capable of, configured to. or operable to support a means for transmitting the paging strategy to the UE according to one or more access traffic steering, switching, and splitting rules during protocol data unit session establishment.

[0202] In some examples, the UE is a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0203] In some examples, the first network function is a session management function.

[0204] In some examples, the second network function is an access and mobility function.

[0205] In some examples, the paging strategy includes the set of paging restrictions.

[0206] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the paging information component 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. In some examples, the notification component 1135 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. In some examples, the paging component 1140 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy7.

[0207] In some examples, the first network function is an access and mobility function.

[0208] In some examples, the second network function is a policy control function.

[0209] In some examples, to support receiving the paging strategy, the policy association component 1 145 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the paging strategy from the policy control function during access and mobility policy association establishment, access and mobility policy association modification, or both.

[0210] In some examples, the second network function is a session management function.

[0211] In some examples, to support receiving the paging strategy, the PDU session component 1165 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means forreceiving the paging strategy from the session management function during protocol data unit session establishment, protocol data unit session modification, or both.

[0212] In some examples, the paging strategy includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0213] In some examples, the UE is a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0214] In some examples, the restriction information component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying a set of paging restrictions to the paging notification based on the paging strategy, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes overriding a second set of paging restrictions indicated to the first network function before receiving the paging strategy from the UE.

[0215] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the paging information component 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. In some examples, the notification component 1135 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. In some examples, the paging component 1140 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy' to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy' includes forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy’ and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0216] In some examples, the first network function is a session management function.

[0217] In some examples, to support receiving the paging strategy, the PDU session component 1165 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means forreceiving the paging strategy from a policy control function during protocol data unit session establishment, protocol data unit session modification, or both.

[0218] In some examples, the first network is preconfigured with the paging strategy.

[0219] In some examples, the paging strategy includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0220] In some examples, the second network function is an access and mobility function of the first network and, to support applying the paging strategy, the paging information component 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for forwarding a portion of the paging strategy to the second network function. In some examples, the second network function is an access and mobility function of the first network and, to support applying the paging strategy, the paging component 1 140 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the paging notification to the second network function, where transmitting the paging notification is based on selecting the second network function according to the paging strategy.

[0221] In some examples, the second network function is a session management function of the second network and, to support applying the paging strategy, the paging suppression component 1150 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to an access and mobility function of the first network. In some examples, the second network function is a session management function of the second network and, to support applying the paging strategy', the signaling component 1155 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting signaling to the second network function indicating to page the UE using an access and mobility function of the second network.

[0222] FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of or include the components of a device 905, a device 1005, or a first network as described herein. The device 1205 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1220, a transceiver1210, an antenna 1215, at least one memory 1225, code 1230, and at least one processor 1235. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g.. a bus 1240).

[0223] The transceiver 1210 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1210 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1210 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1205 may include one or more antennas 1215, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1210 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1215, by a wired transmitter), to receive modulated signals (e.g.. from one or more antennas 1215, from a wired receiver), and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1210 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1215 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1215 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1210 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1210, or the transceiver 1210 and the one or more antennas 1215, or the transceiver 1210 and the one or more antennas 1215 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1235, the at least one memory 1225, or both), may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1205. In some examples, the transceiver 1210 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125. a backhaul communication link 120. a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168).

[0224] The at least one memory 1225 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory' 1225 may store computer-readable, computerexecutable code 1230 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1235, cause the device 1205 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1230 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory7or another type of memory7. In some cases, the code 1230 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1235 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1225 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1235 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1225 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system).

[0225] The at least one processor 1235 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU. an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the at least one processor 1235 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1235. The at least one processor 1235 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1225) to cause the device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications). For example, the device 1205 or a component of the device 1205 may include at least one processor 1235 and at least one memory 1225 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1235, the at least one processor 1235 and the at least one memory 1225 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1235 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtualmachines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1230) to perform the functions of the device 1205. The at least one processor 1235 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1205 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1225). In some examples, the at least one processor 1235 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1225 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1235 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1235) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1225)), or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. As such, the at least one processor 1235 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1235 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1205 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to,” being “configurable to,” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability7, when executing code stored in the at least one memoiy 1225 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0226] In some examples, a bus 1240 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1240 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1205, or between different components of the device 1205 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1205 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1220, the transceiver 1210, the at least one memory 1225, the code 1230, and the at least one processor 1235 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components).

[0227] In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communications manager 1220 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0228] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0229] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from asecond network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to. or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy' includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0230] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to. or operable to support a means for obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0231] By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance w ith examples as described herein, the device 1205 may support techniques for reduced latency and improved user experience related to reduced power consumption and more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0232] In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherw ise in cooperation with the transceiver 1210, the one or more antennas 1215 (e g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although thecommunications manager 1220 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1220 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1210, one or more of the at least one processor 1235, one or more of the at least one memory 1225, the code 1230, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1235, the at least one memory 1225, the code 1230, or any combination thereof). For example, the code 1230 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1235 to cause the device 1205 to perform various aspects of network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications as described herein, or the at least one processor 1235 and the at least one memory 1225 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.

[0233] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. The device 1305, or one or more components of the device 1305 (e.g., the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, and the communications manager 1320), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g.. via one or more buses).

[0234] The receiver 1310 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. The receiver 1310 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0235] The transmitter 1315 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1305. For example, the transmitter 1315 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, datachannels, information channels related to network based paging optimizations for multiaccess applications). In some examples, the transmitter 1315 may be co-located with a receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 131 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0236] The communications manager 1320. the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of network based paging optimizations for multiaccess applications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1320. the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0237] In some examples, the communications manager 1320, the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory).

[0238] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1320. the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1320, the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315. or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0239] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherw ise in cooperation with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315. or both. For example, the communications manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, send information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0240] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy7associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 1320 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy7. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0241] By including or configuring the communications manager 1320 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1305 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, the communications manager 1320, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced power consumption and more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0242] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram 1400 of a device 1405 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1405 may be an example of aspects of a device 1305 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1405 may include a receiver 1410, a transmitter 1415, and a communications manager 1420. The device 1405, or one of more components of the device 1405 (e.g., the receiver 1410, the transmitter 1415. and the communications manager 1420), may include at least oneprocessor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0243] The receiver 1410 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1405. The receiver 1410 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0244] The transmitter 1415 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1405. For example, the transmitter 1415 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to network based paging optimizations for multiaccess applications). In some examples, the transmitter 1415 may be co-located with a receiver 1410 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1415 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0245] The device 1405, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of network based paging optimizations for multiaccess applications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1420 may include a paging information manager 1425, a restriction information manager 1430, a paging manager 1435, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1420 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1320 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1420, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1410, the transmitter 1415, or both. For example, the communications manager 1420 may receive information from the receiver 1410, send information to the transmitter 1415, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1410, the transmitter 1415, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0246] The communications manager 1420 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The paging information manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE. where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The restriction information manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy. The paging manager 1435 is capable of, configured to. or operable to support a means for receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0247] FIG. 15 shows a block diagram 1500 of a communications manager 1520 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1520 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1320, a communications manager 1420, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1520, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1520 may include a paging information manager 1525, a restriction information manager 1530, a paging manager 1535, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g.. one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0248] The communications manager 1520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The paging information manager 1525 is capable of. configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The restriction information manager 1530 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy. Thepaging manager 1535 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0249] In some examples, the first network function is a policy control function.

[0250] In some examples, the UE is a multi-universal subscriber identity module(MUSIM) UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0251] In some examples, the first network function is a session management function.

[0252] In some examples, the second network function is an access and mobility function.

[0253] FIG. 16 shows a diagram of a system 1600 including a device 1605 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1605 may be an example of or include the components of a device 1305, a device 1405, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1605 may communicate (e.g.. wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105. one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1605 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1620, an input / output (I / O) controller 1610, a transceiver 1615. an antenna 1625, at least one memory 1630, code 1635, and at least one processor 1640. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1645).

[0254] The I / O controller 1610 may manage input and output signals for the device 1605. The I / O controller 1610 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1605. In some cases, the I / O controller 1610 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1610 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 1610 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, atouchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1610 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1640. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1605 via the I / O controller 1610 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1610.

[0255] In some cases, the device 1605 may include a single antenna 1625. However, in some other cases, the device 1605 may have more than one antenna 1625, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1615 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1625. wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1615 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1615 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1625 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1625. The transceiver 1615, or the transceiver 1615 and one or more antennas 1625, may be an example of a transmitter 1315, a transmitter 1415, a receiver 1310, a receiver 1410, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.

[0256] The at least one memory 1630 may include random access memory' (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The at least one memory 1630 may store computer- readable. computer-executable code 1635 including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1640, cause the device 1605 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1635 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1635 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1640 but may’ cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory’ 1630 may contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0257] The at least one processor 1640 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the at least one processor 1640 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memorycontroller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1640. The at least one processor 1640 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory' (e g., the at least one memory 1630) to cause the device 1605 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications). For example, the device 1605 or a component of the device 1605 may include at least one processor 1640 and at least one memory 1630 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1640, the at least one processor 1640 and at least one memory 1630 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1640 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory' 1630 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1640 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1640) and memorycircuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1630)), or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. As such, the at least one processor 1640 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1640 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1605 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to,” being “configurable to,” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability', when executing code stored in the at least one memory' 1630 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0258] The communications manager 1620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE. where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. The communications manager 1620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to supporta means for transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy7. The communications manager 1620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0259] By including or configuring the communications manager 1620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1605 may support techniques for reduced latency and improved user experience related to reduced power consumption and more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0260] In some examples, the communications manager 1620 may be configured to perform various operations (e g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1615, the one or more antennas 1625, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1620 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1620 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1640, the at least one memory 1630, the code 1635, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1635 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1640 to cause the device 1605 to perform various aspects of network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications as described herein, or the at least one processor 1640 and the at least one memory 1630 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.

[0261] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a first network or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a first netyvork as described yvith reference to FIGs. 1 through 12. In some examples, a first network may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the first network to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the first network may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardyvare.

[0262] At 1705, the method may include transmitting, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. In some examples, the first network function may be a PCF or a SMF. The operations of block 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a paging information component 1125 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

[0263] At 1710, the method may include receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE, the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based on the paging strategy. In some examples, the second network function may be a AMF. The operations of block 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a restriction information component 1130 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

[0264] At 1715, the method may include receiving, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The operations of block 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a notification component 1135 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

[0265] At 1720, the method may include applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, where applying the set of paging restrictions includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information. The operations of block 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a paging component 1140 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

[0266] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a first network or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of themethod 1800 may be performed by a first network as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 12. In some examples, a first network may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the first network to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the first network may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0267] At 1805, the method may include receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy7associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. In some examples, the first network function may be a AMF, and the second network function may be a PCF or a SMF. The operations of block 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a paging information component 1125 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

[0268] At 1810, the method may include receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The operations of block 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a notification component 1135 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

[0269] At 1815, the method may include applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy- includes paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy. The operations of block 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a paging component 1140 as described yvith reference to FIG. 11.

[0270] FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a first network or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be performed by a first network as described yvith reference toFIGs. 1 through 12. In some examples, a first network may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the first network to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the first network may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0271] At 1905, the method may include obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. In some examples, the first network function may be a SMF. The operations of block 1905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by a paging information component 1125 as described with reference to FIG. 1 1.

[0272] At 1910, the method may include receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE. The operations of block 1910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a notification component 1135 as described with reference to FIG. 1 1.

[0273] At 1915, the method may include applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, where applying the paging strategy includes forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy. The operations of block 1915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a paging component 1140 as described with reference to FIG. 1 1.

[0274] FIG. 20 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 that supports network based paging optimizations for multi-access applications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8 and 13 through 16. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control thefunctional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using specialpurpose hardware.

[0275] At 2005, the method may include receiving from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, where the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network. In some examples, the first network function may be a PCF or a SMF. The operations of block 2005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed by a paging information manager 1525 as described with reference to FIG. 15.

[0276] At 2010, the method may include transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, where the set of paging restrictions are based on the paging strategy. In some examples, the second network function may be a AMF. The operations of block 2010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed by a restriction information manager 1530 as described with reference to FIG. 15.

[0277] At 2015, the method may include receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions. The operations of block 2015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed by a paging manager 1535 as described with reference to FIG. 15.

[0278] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:

[0279] Aspect 1 : A method for wireless communications by a first network, comprising: transmitting, to a UE and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; receiving, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE. the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based at least in part on the paging strategy; receiving, at the second network function, a paging notificationassociated with paging the UE; and applying, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, wherein applying the set of paging restrictions comprises paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

[0280] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the first network function is a PCF.

[0281] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein transmitting the paging strategy further comprises: transmitting the paging strategy to the UE according to one or more URSP rules.

[0282] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 2 through 3, wherein the UE is a MUSIM UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0283] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4, wherein transmitting the paging strategy- further comprises: transmitting the paging strategy to the UE according to one or more ATSSS rules during PDU session establishment.

[0284] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 4 through 5, wherein the UE is a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0285] Aspect 7 : The method of aspect 1 , wherein the first network function is a SMF.

[0286] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 6 through 7. wherein the second network function is an AMF.

[0287] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 6 through 8, wherein the paging strategy includes the set of paging restrictions.

[0288] Aspect 10: A method for wireless communications by a first network, comprising: receiving, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a UE. wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE; andapplying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, wherein applying the paging strategy comprises paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0289] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, wherein the first network function is an AMF.

[0290] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 10 through 11, wherein the second network function is a PCF.

[0291] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 10 through 12. wherein receiving the paging strategy further comprises: receiving the paging strategy from a PCF during AM policy association establishment, AM policy association modification, or both.

[0292] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 10, wherein the second network function is a SMF.

[0293] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, wherein receiving the paging strategy further comprises: receiving the paging strategy from the SMF during PDU session establishment, PDU session modification, or both.

[0294] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 10 through 15, wherein the paging strategy' includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity' of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0295] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 10 through 16, wherein the UE is a MUSIM UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0296] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 10 through 17, further comprising: applying a set of paging restrictions to the paging notification based at least in part on the paging strategy7, wherein applying the set of paging restrictions includes overriding a second set of paging restrictions indicated to the first network function before receiving the paging strategy from the UE.

[0297] Aspect 19: A method for wireless communications by a first network, comprising: obtaining, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategyassociated with paging a UE, wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; receiving, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE; and applying, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, wherein applying the paging strategy comprises forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

[0298] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19. wherein the first network function is a SMF.

[0299] Aspect 21 : The method of aspect 20, wherein receiving the paging strategy further comprises: receiving the paging strategy7from a PCF during PDU session establishment, PDU session modification, or both.

[0300] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 20 through 21, wherein the first network is preconfigured with the paging strategy.

[0301] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 19 through 22. wherein the paging strategy' includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity' of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

[0302] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 19 through 23, wherein the second network function is an AMF of the first network and applying the paging strategy' further comprises: forwarding a portion of the paging strategy to the second network function; and transmitting the paging notification to the second network function, wherein transmitting the paging notification is based at least in part on selecting the second network function according to the paging strategy.

[0303] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 19 through 23. wherein the second network function is a SMF of the second network and applying the paging strategy further comprises: suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to an AMF of the first network; and transmitting signaling to the second network function indicating to page the UE using an AMF of the second network.

[0304] Aspect 26: A method for wireless communications by a UE, comprising: receiving from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; transmitting, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, wherein the set of paging restrictions are based at least in part on the paging strategy; and receiving one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based at least in part on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

[0305] Aspect 27: The UE of aspect 26, wherein the first network function is a PCF.

[0306] Aspect 28: The UE of aspect 27, wherein the UE is a MUSIM UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

[0307] Aspect 29: The UE of aspect 26, wherein the first network function is a SMF.

[0308] Aspect 30: The UE of any of aspects 26 through 29, wherein the second network function is an AMF.

[0309] Aspect 31 : A first network for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.

[0310] Aspect 32: A first network for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.

[0311] Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.

[0312] Aspect 34: A first network for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to perform a method of any of aspects 10 through 18.

[0313] Aspect 35: A first network for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 10 through 18.

[0314] Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 10 through 18.

[0315] Aspect 37: A first network for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to perform a method of any of aspects 19 through 25.

[0316] Aspect 38: A first network for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 19 through 25.

[0317] Aspect 39: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 19 through 25.

[0318] Aspect 40: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 26 through 30.

[0319] Aspect 41 : A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 26 through 30.

[0320] Aspect 42: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 26 through 30.

[0321] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

[0322] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminologymay be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0323] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0324] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.

[0325] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, orcombinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0326] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to cany7or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL. or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.

[0327] As used herein, including in the claims, ‘"or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as ‘‘at least one of’ or “one or more of’) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on’’ shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based onboth a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.”

[0328] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open- ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components,” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.”

[0329] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0330] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, thedescription is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.

[0331] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term "example" used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0332] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:1 . A first network, comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) and from a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; receive, at a second network function of the first network, paging restriction information from the UE. the paging restriction information including a set of paging restrictions that are based at least in part on the paging strategy; receive, at the second network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE; and apply, at the second network function, the set of paging restrictions to the paging notification, wherein applying the set of paging restrictions comprises paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging restriction information and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging restriction information.

2. The first network of claim 1, wherein the first network function is a policy control function.

3. The first network of claim 2, wherein, to transmit the paging strategy, the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: transmit the paging strategy to the UE according to one or more UE route selection policy rules.

4. The first network of claim 2, wherein the UE is a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

5. The first network of claim 4, wherein, to transmit the paging strategy', the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: transmit the paging strategy’ to the UE according to one or more access traffic steering, switching, and splitting rules during protocol data unit session establishment.

6. The first network of claim 4, wherein the UE is a dual-3GPP access UE.

7. The first network of claim 1, wherein the first network function is a session management function.

8. The first network of claim 1, wherein the second network function is an access and mobility7function.

9. The first network of claim 1, wherein the paging strategy' includes the set of paging restrictions.

10. A first network, comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: receive, at a first network function of the first network and from a second network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; receive, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE: and apply, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, wherein applying the paging strategy comprises paging the UE if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing paging of the UE for the paging notification if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.1 1 . The first network of claim 10, wherein the first network function is an access and mobility function.

12. The first network of claim 10, wherein the second network function is a policy control function.

13. The first network of claim 12, wherein, to receive the paging strategy’, the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: receive the paging strategy from the policy control function during access and mobility' policy association establishment, access and mobility policy association modification, or both.

14. The first network of claim 10, wherein the second network function is a session management function.

15. The first network of claim 14, wherein, to receive the paging strategy', the one or more processors are individually or collectively7further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: receive the paging strategy from the session management function during protocol data unit session establishment, protocol data unit session modification, or both.

16. The first network of claim 10, wherein the paging strategy includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

17. The first network of claim 10, wherein the UE is a multiuniversal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

18. The first network of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: apply a set of paging restrictions to the paging notification based at least in part on the paging strategy7, wherein applying the set of paging restrictions includesoverriding a second set of paging restrictions indicated to the first network function before receiving the paging strategy from the UE.

19. A first network, comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: obtain, at a first network function of the first network, a paging strategy associated with paging a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; receive, at the first network function, a paging notification associated with paging the UE; and apply, at the first network function, the paging strategy to the paging notification, wherein applying the paging strategy comprises forwarding the paging notification to a second network function if the paging notification is not restricted according to the paging strategy and suppressing forwarding of the paging notification to the second network function if the paging notification is restricted according to the paging strategy.

20. The first network of claim 19, wherein the first network function is a session management function.

21. The first network of claim 20, wherein, to receive the paging strategy, the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: receive the paging strategy from a policy control function during protocol data unit session establishment, protocol data unit session modification, or both.

22. The first network of claim 20, wherein the first network is preconfigured with the paging strategy.

23. The first network of claim 19, wherein the paging strategy includes a set of paging restrictions, an indication of a quantity of paging repetitions, or any combination thereof.

24. The first network of claim 19, wherein the second network function is an access and mobility function of the first network, and, to apply the paging strategy, the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: forward a portion of the paging strategy to the second network function; and transmit the paging notification to the second network function, wherein transmitting the paging notification is based at least in part on selecting the second network function according to the paging strategy.

25. The first network of claim 19, wherein the second network function is a session management function of the second network, and, to apply the paging strategy, the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first network to: suppress forwarding of the paging notification to an access and mobility' function of the first network; and transmit signaling to the second network function indicating to page the UE using an access and mobility function of the second network.

26. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to: receive from a first network function of a first network, a paging strategy associated with paging the UE, wherein the UE is connected to the first network and to a second network; transmit, to a second network function of the first network, a set of paging restrictions, wherein the set of paging restrictions are based at least in part on the paging strategy; and receive one or more paging messages from the first network or the second network based at least in part on the second network function applying the set of paging restrictions.

27. The UE of claim 26, wherein the first network function is a policy control function.

28. The UE of claim 27, wherein the UE is a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) UE or a dual-3GPP access UE.

29. The UE of claim 26, wherein the first network function is a session management function.

30. The UE of claim 26, wherein the second network function is an access and mobility function.

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