Longitudinal waves coils, systems comprising thereof and associated uses

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) of an external diameter D and an internal diameter d, comprising layers of windings in opposite directions. First winding (11) is wound in an opposite direction to a second winding (12) wherein each layer connects in series on the same side where the layer of the same winding starts and on the same side of the coil (10). At the end of the layers, the two first and second windings (11,12) are joined together either on the outer part or in the middle part. The invention also relates to systems comprising the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10), and to uses of the coil and systems comprising the same, such as to eliminate lithium dendrites and lead sulphate crystals in batteries, to eliminate energy losses, to obtain readings of surrounding electromagnetic spectra, to modulating and demodulating information.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] "LONGITUDINAL WAVES COILS, SYSTEMS COMPRISING THEREOF AND ASSOCIATED USES”

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention refers to the field of electromagnetic coils, in particular electromagnetic longitudinal waves coils with a geometrically standardized type of winding, formed by layers of windings in antiparallel reverse directions.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Energy storage systems that are based on lead-acid battery technology present problems, for example, related to performance depreciation and the consequent loss of capacity over the useful life. The main issue related thereof is the insulation of the lead plates which is due to the formation of lead sulphate crystals on the surface of the plates. Such lead sulphate crystals are obstacles to the electrical contact necessary for operation.

[0007] PRIOR ART

[0008] US Patent US649621, entitled “Apparatus for transmission of electrical energy”, filed on the 19th of February 1900 by Nikola Tesla, discloses a transmitting coil or conductor in which electrical currents or oscillations are produced and which is arranged to cause such currents or oscillations to be propagated by conduction through the natural medium from one point to another remote therefrom and a receiving coil or conductor at such distant point adapted to be excited by the oscillations or currents propagated from the transmitter.

[0009] Still, there isn’t a technical solution in the art able to reach a sufficiently larger spectrum of available resonant bands. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present disclosure refers to longitudinal waves coils and systems for creating electromagnetic fields, as well as absorption, with the purpose of taking advantage of more than 50% (fifty percent) of useful energy, used in the creation of that same electromagnetic field, in the form of longitudinal waves.

[0011] In some embodiments of a first aspect, the present invention refers to an electrical longitudinal waves coil comprising one layer comprising two windings running in opposite directions.

[0012] In other embodiments of the first aspect, the present invention refers to the electrical longitudinal waves coil including at least two layers of windings running in opposite directions.

[0013] Yet in embodiments of the first aspect, said windings running in opposite directions are, each unifilar.

[0014] In certain embodiments of the first aspect, said windings running in opposite directions are, each bifilar.

[0015] Yet in other embodiments of the first aspect, said windings running in opposite directions are, each multifilar, that is, including three or more wires.

[0016] In a second aspect, the invention relates to an electrical longitudinal waves system for capturing energy, wherein said system comprises an input supply equipment, an output supply equipment, a transistor, a negative-blocking rectifier diode, a signal amplification circuit, one or more electric loads and at least one electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0017] In certain embodiments of a third aspect, the invention relates to another electrical longitudinal waves system for capturing energy, wherein said system comprises an input supply equipment, an output supply equipment, an elevated emitting electrode, a elevated receiving electrode, and at least two electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the first aspect of the invention. In other embodiments of the third aspect, in the electrical longitudinal waves system for capturing energy the input supply equipment is an alternating current supply equipment and the output supply equipment is an alternating current supply equipment.

[0018] In other embodiments of the third aspect, the electrical longitudinal waves system for capturing energy comprises additionally one or more current rectifier diodes, and a pulsed current inducer device.

[0019] In other embodiments of the third aspect, the electrical longitudinal waves system for capturing energy comprises additionally at least two insulated conventional coils.

[0020] In other embodiments of the third aspect, the electrical longitudinal waves system for capturing energy comprises additionally at least two conventional coils.

[0021] In a fourth aspect of the invention, the electrical longitudinal waves system according to either the second or the third aspect of the invention is used to eliminate lithium dendrites in lithium batteries and lead sulphate crystals in lead batteries.

[0022] In a fifth aspect of the invention, the electrical longitudinal waves system according to either the second or the third aspect of the invention is used to eliminate energy losses.

[0023] In a sixth aspect of the invention, the electrical longitudinal waves system according to either the second or the third aspect of the invention is used to obtain a standard reading of the entire spectrum of the surrounding electromagnetic environment and its disturbances, including those caused by living beings.

[0024] In a seventh aspect of the invention, the electrical longitudinal waves system according to either the second or the third aspect of the invention is used to modulating and demodulating information.

[0025] TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0026] As already mentioned, there is a current problem related to energy storage systems, based on lead-acid battery technology. These, in turn, are related to performance depreciation and the consequent loss of capacity over the useful life, with the main problem being the insulation of the lead plates, which is due to the formation of lead sulphate crystals on the surface of the plates, which prevents the electrical contact necessary for operation.

[0027] SOLUTION TO TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0028] Knowing the existence of pulse-based technologies with modulation or injection of high voltage loads, in the form of peaks and in order to solve them, the longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention appears. Longitudinal waves have particular effects on electronic components and of energy storage, namely, the internal destruction of components, accumulation of potential difference, resonance, breakdown of insulation or ease of propagation and conduction in non-metallic media. In this way, applying thus pulse with modulation of longitudinal wave peaks in the batteries to be treated for their depreciation. In other cases, the longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention solves the problem by solving energy losses in the conversion of electrical energy, increasing its efficiency. In the case of ac-dc power supplies, which normally have energy losses of around 20%, managing to completely reduce those same losses.

[0029] Also, the longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention solves the transmission of wireless energy by the same method of the patent US649621 A (Apparatus for transmission of electrical energy) but with a larger spectrum of available resonant bands.

[0030] Yet, the longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention solves the sending and receiving of information avoiding the use of radio or electromagnetic waves using the environment and the earth as natural conductors of energy.

[0031] ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0032] The type of winding of the longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention can be used in the most diverse technologies, from energy transformation to the creation of electromagnetic fields, antennas, semiconductors, capacitors.

[0033] As differentiating characteristics compared to a coil with a classic winding, that is, a prior art coil, numerous and varied implementations and measurements were carried out (see Examples below) in which it can be seen a lower resistance to the passage of electric current and a lower inductance in the longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention, and the length and section of the wires of both tested coils are the same, as well as the coil holder and ferromagnetic core.

[0034] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0035] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying figures, which are to be construed as non-limiting the invention scope, which scope is defined by the appended claims, and wherein:

[0036] Figure 1 - illustrates a front view of a cross section of an embodiment of a coil according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 - illustrates a lateral and a front view of an embodiment of a coil according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3A - illustrates a cross section view of an embodiment of a coil according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3B - illustrates a lateral view of an embodiment of a coil according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 - illustrates a front view of an embodiment of a coil according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 - illustrates a portion of a cross-sectional lateral view of another embodiment of a longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 - illustrates a cross-sectional lateral view of another embodiment of a longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7A - illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7B - illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 - illustrates a graph showing results measured at the input of an embodiment of Figure 7A of a system according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 9 - illustrates a graph showing results measured at the output of the embodiment of Figure 7A of a system according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 10 - illustrates a graph showing results measured at the load of the embodiment of Figure 7A of a system according to the present invention.

[0048] DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0049] Even though a descriptive implementation of one or more embodiment instances is provided herein, the disclosed schemes and / or approaches of the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without deviating from its fundamental features. Consequently, the disclosed embodiments should by no means be limited to the descriptive designs, drawings, implementations and techniques explained herein as they just depict typical embodiments of the invention.

[0050] The longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the present invention is made up of layers of reverse direction windings, that is, first winding (11) and second winding (12), as best shown in figure 1.

[0051] Figure 1 represents a front cross-sectional view of a longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, wherein the longitudinal waves coil (10) comprises two windings wound in opposite directions, first winding (11) and second winding (12), as per indicated by the arrows in figure 1. The longitudinal waves coil (10) can have a single layer, in which case it is designated a bidimensional coil and it’s the simplest form of the longitudinal waves coil (10) of the invention. If the longitudinal waves coil (10) has more than one layer then it is designated as a three- dimensional coil.

[0052] Figure 2 shows how the windings of the longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention are connected. The first winding (11) is connected in series with the second winding (12).

[0053] Figure 3A shows another view, in a longitudinal cross section of a three-dimensional longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, as well as the connections between first winding (11) and second winding (12), in series.

[0054] The longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, either bidimensional or three- dimensional, can have windings that are unifilar, bifilar or multifilar.

[0055] Figure 3B shows the connections of a three-dimensional longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, wherein a bifilar wire is used in first (11) and second (12) windings. The embodiment shown in figure 3B has five layers of each winding (11,12), wherein the layers of first winding (11) are connected in series to each other, from layer 1 to layer 5, and the layers of second winding (12) are also connected in series to each other, also from layer 1 to layer 5, wherein layer 5 of first winding (11) is connected to layer 1 of the second winding (12). Figure 3B shows how the connections are made when using a bifilar wire in first (11) and second (12) windings. First winding (11) comprises two wires: first wire (111) and second wire (112) and second winding (12) comprises also two wires: third wire (121) and fourth wire (122). They are represented in figure 3B in each turn of the windings, as (1,1.1) for the first turn of first winding (11) and so on. For example, the fifth turn is represented by (5,5.5) for each of the first (11) and second (12) windings.

[0056] The longitudinal waves coil (10) can also be of multifilar nature, that is, the wires of each winding (11,12) can be 3 or more, following the same way of connections as described here. For example, if first winding (11) and second winding (12) have n wires each, wherein n is an integer number of 3 or greater, then the connections are made in the following way (not shown in the figures): wire i is connected in series with wire i+1, which on its turn is connected in series with wire i+2 and so on, until the last wire, or wire n, is reached, that is: the last turn of each wire i,i+l...n-l is connected to the first turn of the next wire, in series.

[0057] Each layer of the longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention is formed by a number of turns, corresponding to the length of the coil, as shown in figures 3A and 3B in the lateral area, where connections are made as the winding ceases or when the desired length is reached, connecting to the next layer, belonging to the same winding as also shown in figure 5.

[0058] Respecting the same principle, but this time with only one layer, that is, with a bidimensional flat longitudinal waves coil (10), its connections would be as shown in figure 4.

[0059] Figure 5 represents a portion of a longitudinal cross-section of a longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, of an external diameter D and an internal diameter d, wherein once more the layers and their connections are represented. First winding (11) is wound in an opposite direction to second winding (12) wherein each layer connects in series on the same side where the layer of the same winding starts and on the same side of the coil (10). At the end of the layers, the two first and second windings (11,12) are joined together either on the outer part or in the middle part, as shown in figure 5.

[0060] Figure 6 represents a portion of a longitudinal cross-section of a longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention similar as the one shown in figure 5, but with bifilar windings (11,12), in four layers of each winding. As already mentioned above, the bifilar connections are made in series from layer 1 to layer 4 of the same winding: first wire (111) of first winding (11) is connected in series from layer 1 to layer 4 and second wire (112) of first winding (11) is connected in series from layer 1 to layer 4 as well, being then the last turn of layer 4 of first wire (111) connected to the first turn of layer 1 of second wire (112) of first winding (11) and, in the same way, third wire (121) of second winding (12) is connected in series from layer 1 to layer 4 and fourth wire (122) of second winding (12) is connected in series from layer 1 to layer 4, wherein the last turn of layer 4 of third wire (121) connected to the first turn of layer 1 of fourth wire (122) of second winding (11). Also, the last turn of the second wire (112) of the first winding (11) is connected in series to the first turn of the third wire (121) of the second winding (12).

[0061] Figure 7A schematically shows an embodiment of the general structure of an electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to the present invention.

[0062] In figure 7A, various measurement points are indicated. In fact, as described in further detail below, under Examples, measurements were carried out at the input of the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) (input current zeand input voltage ve), at the output of the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) (output current zsand output voltage vs), at a control output (current z'amp and voltage Vamp), and in the electrical load (current zioad and voltage vioad) as shown in figure 7A. For the control output, where current zamp and voltage vampwere measured, a personal computer sound output control signal and an audio amplifier were used for the control of a transistor. Details of the transistor connections will be described in the Examples section hereinafter. The personal computer served as a support for an audio modelling program or signal generator to create a square wave signal at a specific frequency of 2773 Hz. This frequency was chosen because it corresponds to a higher voltage and current at the output, it is in fact the resonance frequency of the whole system, and which was used at the sound output as a base signal. However, because this signal wasn’t strong enough for the working voltage of said transistor’s base, an audio amplifier was used in order to reach a normal performance of the transistor and at the frequency chosen in the personal computer’ s program, as a square wave. As said, the frequency chosen (2773 Hz) was the one causing a higher voltage amplitude at the output of the system, that is output voltage vs, with a value of 302 V DC (as shown in figure 9). The AC -DC power supply (101) used was an enclosed power supply RS-50-12 of the brand Mean Well, having an input of 88-264 V AC and an output of 12 V DC, 4,2 A, 50 W, insulation for 3000 V AC.

[0063] Figure 7B shows in a different scheme an embodiment of the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to the present invention. As shown in this figure, the embodiment of the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) represented comprises an emitting assembly (left hand side of Figure 7B) and a receiving assembly (right hand side of figure 7B), wherein the emitting assembly comprises one electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, one insulated conventional coil (20) associated therewith, to which an alternate current input supply equipment (101) is connected, one conventional coil connected in series (21), an elevated emitting electrode (102), and the receiving assembly comprises one electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, one insulated conventional coil (20) associated therewith, to which an alternate current output supply equipment (103) is connected, one conventional coil connected in series (21), an elevated receiving electrode (104), wherein said input supply equipment (101) is electrically connected to the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) of the emitting assembly via a pair of electrical conductor wires, said output supply equipment (103) is electrically connected to the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) of the receiving assembly via another pair of electrical conductor wires, both electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) having one of the connections made to earth and the other connection made to the respective elevated electrode (102,104) isolated from earth.

[0064] In Figure 7B the emitting and the receiving assemblies are two similar circuits, wherein emitting circuit transmits energy via the earth and the air as conducting means and resonance for a greater transmission rate and with greater efficiency, when compared to prior art where conventional coils are used. The conventional coil (21) connected in series serves to adjust frequencies as a variable inductive resistance, which is included in some embodiments of the present invention but is not needed to be present in all embodiments of the invention.

[0065] In figure 7B the embodiment of the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to the invention is represented with both input and output supply equipment (101, 103) as alternate current ones, but the invention can also be embodied with direct current input and output supply equipment (101,103). In this case, a current rectifier diode (not shown in the figures) is connected to each of the direct current input and output supply equipment (101,103). The current rectifier diode is of inverse polarity to the polarity of the input or output supply equipment (101, 103), as applicable. With the embodiment shown in Figure 7B, the current is transmitted from the input to the output through a natural medium, for example, through matter or in vacuum.

[0066] Figures 8, 9 and 10 show the measurements obtained in a test of an example of an embodiment according to the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) of the invention and they are described in detail below. Detailed operation and industrial applications of the invention

[0067] The electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention converts the passage of electric current into an electromagnetic field and the reverse converting the collapse of a magnetic field into electric current in the form of longitudinal waves.

[0068] Regardless of the given purpose, the user searches through the characteristics of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10), its frequency and amplitude of ideal electric current, as a means for better performance.

[0069] The electric current generated by the collapse of the magnetic field comes in the form of longitudinal waves, whose characteristics are indicated for changing the physical and electrical particularities of energy storage devices, as previously indicated. Of great relevance and no less relevant are lead-acid batteries, when subject to a high level of insulation caused by use or high temperatures. Such waves break the insulation barrier, succeeding in converting the crystal creation process by dissolving the lead sulphate crystals.

[0070] The bidimensional electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) interacts with coils of the same structure and characteristics, sharing simultaneously and at a distance, several bands of resonant frequencies and in unison, as well as the disturbances generated by each one are received by the others when in a state of resonance and simultaneously, the sender can be the receiver and the receiver can be the sender simultaneously.

[0071] In certain embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, the combination of the three-dimensional electrical longitudinal waves coil with equipment that subject it by connection with electrical conductor wires, wherein a pulsed current in the form of a square transverse wave of direct current, with current rectifier diode connected by electrical conductor wire to the same coil and of inverse polarity to the polarity of the supply equipment blocking the current transmitted by the same equipment, it is thus possible to withdraw energy from the coil from the collapse of the electromagnetic field generated by each pulse of energy initially sent from the equipment to the coil, which is received with a reverse polarity and conducted by the diode, recovering or capturing part of the energy initially sent to the electrical longitudinal waves coil. Combining the above-described certain embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the present invention with reversible electrochemical energy storage systems, it is possible to eliminate lithium dendrites in lithium batteries and lead sulphate crystals in lead batteries formed by the normal use of storage systems over the lifetime and it also avoids the formation and growth of dendrites and crystals by the action of heat that promotes their growth. Connecting by the same polarity transmitting the energy withdrawn from the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the present invention, described above, to the storage system, by electrical conductor wires.

[0072] Still combining the above-mentioned certain embodiments of the system according to the present invention, through a connection with electrical conductor wires, by withdrawing the energy withdrawn from the longitudinal waves coil according to the present invention, a connection to electrical energy conversion systems eliminates the energy losses normally resulting in its electrical conversion work.

[0073] In the combination of other embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, a two-dimensional electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the invention combined with an insulated and parallel centred conventional coil, power equipment supplying an alternating electric current through the conventional coil connected by electrical conductor wires to each one of the two connections, the electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the invention having one of the connections made on earth and the other connection made to an elevated electrode and isolated from earth, the current sent to the conventional coil will cause, by means of induction, the electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the invention to transmit energy, in the form of electromagnetic waves, longitudinal waves and through telluric currents propagated in all directions in the environment.

[0074] In the combination of the above-mentioned other embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, the two-dimensional electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the invention combined with a conventional coil parallel centred abutted, connections of the two-dimensional electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the invention that are made through electrical conductor wires to the ground and another to an elevated electrode off the ground, with instruments for measuring the electromagnetic spectrum connected to the conventional coil with electrical energy conductor cables to each of the two connections, it is possible to obtain a standard reading of the entire spectrum of the surrounding electromagnetic environment and its disturbances, including those caused by living beings, thus achieving a unique reading for each element or living being that disturbs the same.

[0075] In the combination of other embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, the combination of the two-dimensional electrical longitudinal waves coil according to the invention with a conventional isolated coil, parallel and centered abutted, wherein the two-dimensional electrical longitudinal waves coil has a connection to earth and the other connection to an elevated electrode from the earth. And in another combination of other embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, using one of the natural resonant frequencies of the electrical longitudinal waves coil of the invention, it is possible to receive electrical energy transmitted at distance and without wires connected between the emitter and receiver system. The energy is received by the electrical longitudinal waves coil of the invention and by means of induction it is made available by the conventional coil that is parallel and isolated from the system, using its connections to use of power load.

[0076] In other embodiments according to the invention, the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, combined with information modulation equipment in synchrony with electric power equipment connected in the same way, the system transmits energy and information modelled in the form of electromagnetic waves, longitudinal waves and through telluric currents propagated in all directions in the environment.

[0077] In other embodiments, the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) of the invention sends and receives the same modelled information in separate and isolated locations simultaneously.

[0078] In certain embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, it is possible to have multiple electrical longitudinal waves coils according to the invention, acting as a transmitter of modelled information to multiple receivers.

[0079] In certain embodiments of the electrical longitudinal waves system (10) according to the invention, the system further comprises an equipment for modulating and demodulating information, connected by electrical energy conductor wires, sending that information modulation in the form of transverse waves to the conventional longitudinal waves coil which is simultaneously receiving modelled information from other transmitters, from the environment and from receivers according to embodiments of the present invention in the form of attenuation received by the demodulator. EXAMPLES

[0080] In one example according to the present invention (Coil 1, an electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) of the invention), the DC resistance value of the coil was measured using the FLUKE 179 digital multimeter (True RMS Multimeter), showing a value of 6.8 Q. Later and resorting to the Hioki 3532-50 LCR Hi TESTE equipment, a series AC resistance value of 6.98 Q and a series inductance value of 8.47 mH were measured, for a specific frequency of 2773 Hz, since it was the switching frequency used in the subsystem shown in Figure 7A. Using the same equipment, measurements were made of the series resistance value and series inductance value for a frequency range between 500 Hz and 3500 Hz.

[0081] In one example according to the present invention, the resistance and inductance values for various frequencies were measured: the coil tested in the circuit was an electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to the invention, in a three-dimensional form, having 16 layers: 8 pairs of layers, that is 8 layers of each one of first winding (11) and second winding (12).

[0082] In one example, called Classic and similarly to the previous case, the DC resistance value of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) was measured using the digital multimeter FLUKE 179 (True RMS Multimeter), showing a value of 6.1 Q. Then, resorting to the Hioki 3532-50 LCR HiTESTE equipment, a series resistance value of 7.44 Q and a series inductance value of 9.87 mH were measured, for a specific frequency of 2773 Hz. Using the same equipment, measurements were carried out of the series resistance value and the inductance value for a frequency range between 500 Hz and 3500 Hz.

[0083] In another example (Coil 2, classic winding, conventional coil), the resistance and inductance values for different frequencies:

[0084] Therefore, and given the difference in measurements between the two coils (with the same conductor length and thickness), their different characteristics and respective performance are denoted.

[0085] For example, taking the results for a frequency of 2500 Hz, the system comprising the coil according to the invention (Coil 1) has an induction of 8.48 mH and a resistance of 6.60 , while the system comprising the conventional coil (Coil 2) has an induction of 9.88 mH and a resistance of 6.96 . This means that, due to the fact that the inductance and the resistance measured in the system including the coil according to the invention, said coil of the invention allows a higher electrical current flowing in the circuit, being such current an alternate current.

[0086] In another example, the tests took place in several stages in order to check the different measurements of voltage, current and power, in different points of the system under study, when the formation of electromagnetic fields. As already mentioned above, Figure 7A shows the general structure of the implemented system, indicating the various measurement points. In fact, measurements were carried out at the input of the subsystem of Figure 7A (input current zeand input voltage ve), at the output of said subsystem (output current zsand output voltage vs), at the control output (current z'amp and voltage Vamp), and in the electrical load (current zioad and voltage vioad. Of note is the use of a strip of LEDs as an electrical load at the output of the power supply from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Herein, the subsystem as shown in Figure 7A and which was used in the experiments of the Example (Coil 1) consists of: one three-dimensional coil with 16 layers (8 pairs of layers in each one of the first winding (11) and the second winding (12); one transistor, and one negative half-cycle blocking rectifier diode. The transistor’s base and emitter are connected to an audio amplifier circuit and an AC -DC power supply (101), wherein the DC side is connected between the positive of the coil according to the invention and the transistor’s emitter, which is connected to the negative pole of the AC -DC power supply (101) as shown schematically in Figure 7A. The transistor’s collector is connected to the coil according to the invention, as well as the rectifier diode blocking the negative is connected to the collector of the transistor.

[0087] At the output of the rectifier diode, the positive pole is connected to the input of the output power supply (103), which power supply (103) powers the electric load, which in this case is a strip of LED lights. Finally, this output power supply (103) is connected at its input, with the positive pole connecting to the coil according to the invention.

[0088] Through a test, some measurements related to voltage, current and power were obtained. The experimental results were obtained with a digital oscilloscope, model Tektronix TPS 2012B Two Channel Digital Storage Oscilloscope (100 MHz, 1 GS / s), with a voltage probe, model Tektronix TPP0201 Voltage Probe xlO (200 MHz, 10 MQ, <12 pF, 300 V CAT II), with a voltage probe, model BKPR 2000 Oscilloscope High Voltage Probe xlOO (200 MHz, 50 MQ, <5 pF, 2 kV CAT I), and with a probe of current, model PROSyS CP 35 Current Probe 30 A (max) 100 mV / A.

[0089] In turn, and with reference to figure 8, the experimental results obtained at the input of the system, that is, input current ze, input voltage ve, and power / ?e, were presented. In this situation, an average voltage of 34.9 V, an average current of 405 mA and an average power of 14 VA were measured.

[0090] On the other hand, referring to figure 9, we can assert the experimental results obtained at the output of the system, that is, output current is, output voltage vs, and power ps. In this situation, an average voltage of 302 V, an average current of 36.2 mA and an average power of 7.56 VA were measured.

[0091] In figure 10 we can see the experimental results obtained from the load (LED strip connected to the power supply output), that is, load current zioad, load voltage vioad, and load power / zioad. In this situation, an average voltage of 10.1 V, an average current of 764 mA and an average power of 7.73 VA were measured.

[0092] In this way, it is possible not only to recover or capture 50% of the energy necessary for the formation of an electromagnetic field, but also to change the efficiency curve relative to energy transformation equipment, such as, for example, power supplies sustained by that same energy and or in the form of longitudinal waves, so that its production or work does not suffer from any energy loss, neither by resistance nor by heat.

[0093] DEFINITIONS

[0094] Throughout this application, the terms “around” and “approximately” mean that the value to which they refer could also be within a range of plus and minus 10 % of the mentioned value.

[0095] As used throughout this patent application, the articles "a" or “one" are to be interpreted generally as "one or more", unless otherwise clearly specified.

[0096] As presented in this application, terms relating to examples are to be construed for the purpose of illustrating an example and not as an indication of a preference.

[0097] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0098] 10 - electrical longitudinal waves coil

[0099] 11 - first winding

[0100] 12 - second winding

[0101] 111 - first wire of first winding

[0102] 112 - second wire of first winding

[0103] 121 - first wire of second winding

[0104] 122 - second wire of second winding

[0105] 20 - insulated conventional coil

[0106] 21 - conventional coil in series

[0107] 100 - electrical longitudinal waves coil system

[0108] 101 - input supply equipment

[0109] 102 - emitting electrode

[0110] 103 - output supply equipment

[0111] 104 - receiving electrode

[0112] CITATIONS LIST

[0113] PATENT LITERATURE

[0114] US Patent US649621, entitled “Apparatus for transmission of electrical energy”, filed on the 19th of February 1900 by Nikola Tesla.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) characterized in that it comprises:- one layer of windings, wherein said one layer of windings comprises:- a first winding (11) running in one direction, wherein the first winding (11) comprises at least two turns of first winding (11); and- a second winding (12) running in the opposite direction, wherein the second winding (12) comprises at least two turns of second winding (12); wherein the first winding (11) and the second winding (12) are disposed in the one layer of windings; and each turn of first winding (11) is interposed with each turn of second winding (12); wherein the last turn of the first winding (11) is connected in series to the first turn of the second winding (12); and said electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) is configured to create and receive transverse electromagnetic waves and longitudinal scalar waves.

2. The electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two layers of said first winding (11) and said second winding (12), wherein the first winding (11) of one layer is connected in series to the first winding (11) of the next layer on the same side of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10); the second winding (12) of one layer is connected in series to the second winding(12) of the next layer on the same side of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10); and the end of the layers of the first winding (11) is joined to the end of the layers of the second winding (12), on the outer part of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) or in the middle of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10).

3. The electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first winding (11) and the second winding (12) are, each, unifilar.

4. The electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first winding (11) and the second winding (12) are, each, bifilar, wherein the first winding (11) comprises first wire (111) and second wire (112) and / or the second winding (12) comprises third wire (121) and fourth wire (122), and wherein the first wire (111) of the first winding (11) is connected in series with the second wire (112) of the first winding (11), wherein the last turn of the first wire (111) is connected to the first turn of the second wire (112) of the first winding (11); and the third wire (121) of the second winding (12) is connected in series with the fourth wire (122) of the second winding (12), wherein the last turn of the third wire (121) is connected to the first turn of the fourth wire (122) of the second winding (12).

5. The electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first winding (11) and the second winding (12) are, each, multifilar, comprising n wires, wherein n is an integer number that equals 3 or a greater number; wherein, in each first (11) and / or second winding (12): wire i is connected in series with wire i+1, which on its turn is connected in series with next wire until wire n is reached, wherein the last turn of each wire i,i+l ...n-1 is connected to the first turn of the next wire.

6. An electrical longitudinal waves system (100) for capturing energy comprising:- an input supply equipment (101);- an output supply equipment (103);- a transistor;- a negative-blocking rectifier diode;- a signal amplification circuit;- one or more electric loads;characterized in that the system further comprises:- at least one electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5; wherein the transistor’s base and emitter are connected to the signal amplification circuit and to the input supply equipment (101), wherein the DC side is connected between the positive of the at least one electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) and the transistor’s emitter, which is connected to the negative pole of the input supply equipment (101); the transistor’s collector is connected to the negative-blocking rectifier diode and to the at least one electrical longitudinal waves coil (10); at the output of the rectifier diode, the positive pole is connected to the input of the output supply equipment (103), which output supply equipment (103) powers the one or more electric loads; the output supply equipment (103) is connected at its input, with the positive pole connecting to the at least one electrical longitudinal waves coil (10).

7. An electrical longitudinal waves system (100) for capturing energy comprising:- an input supply equipment (101);- an output supply equipment (103);- an elevated emitting electrode (102);- a elevated receiving electrode (104); characterized in that the system further comprises:- at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5; wherein said input supply equipment (101) is electrically connected to one of the at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) via a pair of electrical conductor wires; said output supply equipment (103) is electrically connected to the other one of the at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) via another pair of electrical conductor wires; one of said at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) has one of the connections made to earth and the other connection made to said elevated emitting electrode (102) isolated from earth; andthe other one of said at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) has one of the connections made to earth and the other connection made to said elevated receiving electrode (104) isolated from earth.

8. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to the precedent claim characterized in that the input supply equipment (101) is an alternating current supply equipment (101) and the output supply equipment (103) is an alternating current supply equipment (103).

9. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to claim 7 characterized in that the input supply equipment (101) and the output supply equipment (103) are both direct current supply equipment (101, 103) and in that the system further comprises:- one or more current rectifier diodes;- a pulsed current inducer device; wherein said current rectifier diodes are connected to the electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) and is of inverse polarity to the polarity of the input supply equipment (101) and of the output supply equipment (103), and the pulsed current inducer device is connected to the input supply equipment (101) in order to induce pulsed current in the system (100).

10. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 9 characterized in that the system further comprises:- at least two insulated conventional coils (20); wherein each of the said two insulated conventional coils (20) are parallel and centred to each of the said at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10); the input supply equipment (101) is electrically connected through conductor wires and through one of said two insulated and parallel centred conventional coils (20) to each one of the two connections of one of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10); and the output supply equipment (103) is electrically connected through conductor wires and through the other one of said two insulated and parallel centred conventional coils (20) to each one of the two connections of the other one of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10).

11. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 10 characterized in that the system further comprises:- at least two conventional coils (21); wherein each of the said two conventional coils (21) are connected in series with each of the said at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10).

12. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 11 characterized in that by associating it to at least one reversible electrochemical energy storage unit, the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) is used to eliminate lithium dendrites in lithium batteries and lead sulphate crystals in lead batteries.

13. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 12 characterized in that by associating it to an electrical energy conversion system, the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) is used to eliminate energy losses; wherein one of the at least two electrical longitudinal waves coils (10) is connected to the electrical energy conversion system.

14. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 13 characterized in that by associating it to an electromagnetic spectrum measuring instrument, the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) is used to obtain a standard reading of the entire spectrum of the surrounding electromagnetic environment and its disturbances, including those caused by living beings; wherein the conventional coil parallel centred abutted is combined with the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10); the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10) has one of the connections made to ground and the other connection made to an elevated electrode off the ground; the electromagnetic spectrum measuring instrument is connected to the conventional coil parallel centred abutted, through electrical energy conductor cables, and to each of the two connections of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10).

15. The electrical longitudinal waves system (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 14 characterized in that by associating it to an information modulation equipment the electrical longitudinal waves system (100) is used to modulating and demodulating information; wherein the information modulation equipment is connected through electrical conductor wires and through the insulated and parallel centred conventional coil to each one of the two connections of the electrical longitudinal waves coil (10); and the information modulation equipment is synchronized with the alternating current supply equipment.

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