Retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission
By retransmitting and encoding analog signals with additional portions and rotations, the techniques enhance signal gain and reliability in wireless networks, addressing limitations of conventional digital transmissions and analog retransmissions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-19
AI Technical Summary
Conventional digital wireless transmissions are limited by channel capacity and signal-to-noise ratio, leading to performance degradation when actual signal quality varies from predicted quality, while retransmissions of analog signals result in reduced reliability and signal gain compared to digital signals.
A transmitting device retransmits encoded analog signals with additional portions, rotates and encodes the source signal, and combines these signals for improved decoding at the receiving device, enhancing signal gain and reliability.
The described techniques enable more reliable and efficient transmission of analog signals by increasing signal gain and reducing performance degradation, improving communication efficiency and reliability in wireless networks.
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Figure CN2023127002_19032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RETRANSMISSION SCHEMES FOR SEMANTIC COMMUNICATION AND ANALOG TRANSMISSION
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission. For example, the described techniques may enable a transmitting device to retransmit an analog signal of real number values with relatively more signal gain than some other retransmission techniques. In some aspects, the transmitting device may transmit a first portion of an encoded analog signal and may retransmit one or more additional portions of the encoded analog signal. A receiving device may decode the first portion of the encoded wireless signal and an aggregation of the first portion and the one or more additional portions of the encoded wireless signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may transmit a first encoded signal, and may further transmit a second encoded signal, where the second encoded signal is encoded based on a dimension of an unencoded (e.g., source) signal and a dimension of the first encoded signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may transmit a first encoded signal (e.g., encoded from a source signal) . The transmitting device may rotate and encode the source signal (e.g., one or more times) , and may transmit the rotated encoded signal (s) such that the receiving device may decode an aggregation of the first encoded signal and the rotated encoded signal (s) .
[0005] A method for wireless communication by a first device is described. The method may include encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element (RE) of the first set of resources, and transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0006] A first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to encode, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, transmit a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, and transmit, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0007] Another first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, means for transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, and means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to encode, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, transmit a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, and transmit, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0009] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.
[0010] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each value of the first portion of the second vector and each value of the second portion of the second vector may be part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector.
[0011] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a first function of a set of multiple functions associated with the encoder based on the first dimension.
[0012] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector and transmitting an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.
[0013] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the first portion and the second portion of the second vector may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the first portion and the second portion of the second vector to the second wireless device.
[0014] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for encoding, via the first encoder, one or more additional portions of the first vector and transmitting one or more additional portions of the first vector using one or more additional sets of resources, where each value of the one or more additional portions of the first vector may be mapped to a respective RE of the one or more additional resources.
[0015] A method for wireless communication by a first device is described. The method may include receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data, receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0016] A first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to receive a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, decode, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data, receive a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and decode, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0017] Another first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include means for receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data, means for receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and means for decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0018] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, decode, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data, receive a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and decode, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0019] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based on a metric associated with receiving the first portion of the first vector.
[0020] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each value of the first portion of the first vector and each value of the second portion of the first vector may be part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector.
[0021] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first portion and the second portion of the first vector may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the first portion and the second portion of the first vector from the second wireless device.
[0022] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the decoder may be associated with a first function of a set of multiple functions based on a dimension of the third vector.
[0023] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector and receiving an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.
[0024] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving one or more additional portions of the first vector, where each value of the one or more additional portions of the first vector may be mapped to a respective RE of one or more additional resources and decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of the first portion, the second portion, and the one or more additional portions to obtain the third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0025] A method for wireless communication by a first device is described. The method may include encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension, and transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0026] A first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to encode, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, transmit the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, encode, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension, and transmit, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0027] Another first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, means for transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, means for encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension, and means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0028] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to encode, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension, transmit the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, encode, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension, and transmit, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of re sources.
[0029] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.
[0030] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a function associated with one or both of the first encoder and the second encoder based on the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof.
[0031] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting the function from a set of functions associated with the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof based on one or more channel conditions and one or more resource allocations associated with the third vector.
[0032] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, encoding the first vector via the second encoder may include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing a rotation of the first vector and applying an encoding function to the first vector, where the encoding function may be associated with the second encoder.
[0033] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first dimension may be greater than the second dimension and the first device performs the rotation prior to applying the encoding function.
[0034] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first dimension may be less than the second dimension and the first device performs the rotation after applying the encoding function.
[0035] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector may be based on an index of retransmissions of the source data.
[0036] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector.
[0037] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for encoding, via one or more additional encoders, one or more additional vectors and transmitting the one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, where each value of the one or more additional vectors may be mapped to a respective RE of the one or more additional sets of resources.
[0038] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each of the first encoder and the second encoder may be trained based on the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0039] A method for wireless communication by a first device is described. The method may include receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data, receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0040] A first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to receive a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, decode, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data, receive a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and decode, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0041] Another first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include means for receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data, means for receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and means for decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0042] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources, decode, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data, receive a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources, and decode, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0043] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based on a metric associated with receiving the first vector.
[0044] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second vector may be rotated with respect to the first vector.
[0045] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector may be based on an index of retransmissions of the source data.
[0046] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector.
[0047] Some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, where each value of the one or more additional vectors may be mapped to a respective RE of the one or more additional sets of resources and decoding, via one or more additional decoders, an aggregation of the first vector, the second vector, and the one or more additional vectors.
[0048] In some examples of the method, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each of the first decoder and the second decoder may be trained based on a first dimension of the first vector, a second dimension of the second vector, a third dimension of the third vector, or a combination thereof.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0049] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 3 shows an example of a transmission diagram that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 4 shows an example of a transmission diagram that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIGs. 5A and 5B show examples of transmission diagrams that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIGs. 7 and 8 show block diagrams of devices that support retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIGs. 11 through 18 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0059] In some wireless communications systems, devices may communicate using digital transmissions of signals. Specifically, digital transmissions may include quantizing a source signal into binary bits, which may be protected by channel coding, and then mapped to modulation symbols (e.g., quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM symbols) for transmission over the air. The conventional use of such digital wireless transmissions, however, may be limited by a number of factors, including a size of a code block and / or accurate information related to channel capacity (or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by a transmitting device, as well as the need for information regarding channel conditions (e.g., because digital communications may rely on the accurate transmission and reception of respective bits, there may be various complexities associated with ensuring a signal is communicated as efficiently and accurately as possible) . For example, data may be designed for transmission based on a predicted or measured signal quality, such as an SNR. In some cases, however, if the actual signal quality varies from the predicted signal quality, the transmission may experience distortion, deteriorating transmission performance.
[0060] Additionally, or alternatively, wireless communications systems may support communication of sematic information (e.g., as opposed to the communication of finite set of discrete symbols) . Such wireless communications technologies may be referred to as sematic communications, task / goal-oriented communications, or some similar terminology. The transmission of semantic information (e.g., transmitting necessary information relevant to a specific task or operation at a receiving device, providing a receiving device with “meaningful” information) may include semantic extraction (e.g., converting information at a transmitter into semantic information or symbols) , semantic encoding (e.g., organizing and summarizing an input signal according to meaning and systematic classification for semantic information extraction) , semantic segmentation (e.g., segmentation and aggregation of data based on dependencies between information to achieve an efficient representation of the semantic information) , among other techniques and technologies.
[0061] Semantic communications may further include the transmission of analog signals (e.g., a continuous analog signal or a vector of floating point values, as opposed to a quantized set of binary values) to convey the semantic information over a wireless channel, and may likewise be associated with improved communication efficiency, reduced overhead, and other advantages (e.g., compared to conventional digital signaling) . Thus, in some examples, an analog signal designed for the same predicted signal quality metric may be used instead of a digital signal, and the analog signal may experience relatively less performance degradation (e.g., distortion) as the signal quality varies from the predicted signal quality. As such, it may be beneficial for devices to support transmissions based on analog signals.
[0062] In some examples, a transmitting device may retransmit a signal to increase a reliability of a receiving device successfully receiving and decoding the signal. The receiving device may perform a soft combining of the initial transmission and each retransmission to increase a reliability of decoding the transmission. However, retransmissions of analog signals may result in relatively less signal gain than retransmission of digital signals, which may result in reduced reliability (e.g., as compared to digital signals) .
[0063] Accordingly, techniques described herein may enable a transmitting device to retransmit an analog signal with relatively more signal gain than some other retransmission techniques. In some aspects, the transmitting device may transmit a first portion of an encoded wireless signal and may retransmit one or more additional portions of the encoded wireless signal. A receiving device may decode the first portion of the encoded wireless signal and an aggregation of the first portion and the one or more additional portions of the encoded wireless signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may transmit a first encoded signal, and may further transmit a second encoded signal, where the second encoded signal is encoded based on a dimension of an unencoded (e.g., source) signal and a dimension of the first encoded signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may transmit a first encoded signal (e.g., encoded from a source signal) . The transmitting device may rotate and encode the source signal (e.g., one or more times) , and may transmit the rotated encoded signal (s) such that the receiving device may decode an aggregation of the first encoded signal and the rotated encoded signal (s) .
[0064] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to transmission diagrams and process flow diagrams. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission.
[0065] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0066] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0067] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0068] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0069] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0070] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0071] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0072] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0073] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0074] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0075] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0076] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0077] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0078] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0079] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0080] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0081] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0082] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0083] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0084] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0085] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0086] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0087] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0088] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0089] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0090] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0091] In wireless communications systems, devices, such as UEs 115 and network entities 105, may perform transmissions based on digital signals. In some examples, a transmission may be designed for transmission based on a predicted or previously measured signal quality, such as a signal-to-noise ratio. For instance, for a lossy source coding that is transmitted on a channel, C, a rate-distortion pair (R, D) may be achievable as mR (D) ≤nC (where m is a dimension of a source and n is a quantity of channels or resource elements (REs) used) . But to achieve mR (D) ≤nC, digital transmissions may generally need a codeblock of infinite length (e.g., sufficiently long) and accurate knowledge of a channel capacity or quality (e.g., a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ) at a transmitter side. In some real cases, however, these assumptions may not be accurate, and an analog signal may have a performance advantage. For example, an analog signal may achieve similar performance with relatively smaller codebook sizes. Additionally, analog signals may experience less performance degradation (e.g., distortion) as an actual signal quality (e.g., SNR) varies from a predicted signal quality.
[0092] As such, it may be beneficial for devices to support transmissions based on analog signals. For example, analog signals may implement semantic communication techniques, which may aim to improve the ability of a receiving device to interpret the meaning of a received transmission and the success of the meaning in conveying the desired conduct of the receiving device. In some systems, implementing semantic communication techniques may involve pairing a joint source-channel coding (JSCC) encoder at a transmitter side and a JSCC decoder at a receiver side, which may support transmission of compressible data (e.g., images, video) . In some examples, the JSCC encoder may be applied to semantic features that may be generated by a semantic encoder at the transmitter side, and the JSCC decoder may be applied to a signal prior to a corresponding semantic decoder at the receiver side. In further examples, a hyperprior model may be used, which may generate assistant information (e.g., using a hyperprior encoder and a hyperprior decoder) to assist the JSCC encoder in encoding the semantic features.
[0093] Analog transmissions may generally differ from digital transmissions. For example, real numbers generated by a semantic encoder, a JSCC encoder, or both, may be transmitted directly, or may be compressed to a lower (e.g., smaller) dimension or expanded to a higher (e.g., larger) dimension for transmission. This is in contrast to digital transmissions, in which a source stream may be quantized into binary bits, protected using channel coding, and mapped to quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols for transmission. In some examples, an application layer (e.g., APP layer) may output a vector of real or floating point numbers (e.g., sm) , which may be obtained by a JSCC encoder used on a source signal, or by extracted semantic features (e.g., by a semantic encoder) . The vector of real numbers may be input to a physical layer (e.g., PHY layer) , which may map the real numbers into available channels for transmission (e.g., based on a quantity of REs n) to obtain an output stream (e.g., a second vector of real or floating point numbers yn) .
[0094] A transmitting device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may perform encoding of an analog signal based on an analog coding scheme. In some examples, the analog coding scheme may include a mapping function, which may be based on a mapping parameter (e.g., Δ) , and a shaping function, which may be based on a shaping parameter (e.g., α) . The mapping function may involve mapping an input signal having a first dimension to an output signal having a second dimension different from the first dimension. In some examples, the mapping function may involve on mapping each value of the input signal to a closest point si on an Archimedean spiral (e.g., based on the mapping parameter Δ) . The shaping function may involve shaping the input signal to control a strength, a variance, or both, of a final transmitted signal. In some cases, the transmitting device may generate a set of parameters based on a signal quality, and the signal quality may be based on a sounding reference signal or a channel state information report received from a receiving device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) . Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may transmit a message indicating a set of parameters, such as the mapping parameter and the shaping parameter, for the receiving device to support decoding of the analog signal.
[0095] In some examples, the transmitting device may retransmit a signal to increase a reliability of the receiving device successfully receiving and decoding the signal. For example, for retransmission of digital signals, the transmitting device may retransmit a digital signal using a same base graph as an initial transmission (e.g., a different redundancy version with a different starting point in a same circular buffer as the initial transmission) . In some examples, the base graph may be selected based on a code block (CB) size or code rate of the initial transmission. The receiving device may perform a soft combining of the initial transmission and each retransmission (e.g., four redundancy versions) to increase a reliability (e.g., signal gain) of decoding the transmission. However, retransmissions of analog signals may result in relatively less signal gain than retransmission of digital signals, which may result in reduced reliability (e.g., as compared to digital signals) .
[0096] Accordingly, techniques described herein may enable the transmitting device to retransmit the analog signal with relatively more signal gain than some other retransmission techniques. In some aspects, the transmitting device may transmit a first portion of an encoded wireless signal (e.g., a vector of real numbers) and may retransmit one or more additional portions of the encoded wireless signal. A receiving device may decode the first portion of the encoded wireless signal and an aggregation of the first portion and the one or more additional portions of the encoded wireless signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may transmit a first encoded signal, and may further transmit a second encoded signal, where the second encoded signal is encoded based on a dimension of an unencoded (e.g., source) signal and a dimension of the first encoded signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may transmit a first encoded signal (e.g., encoded from a source signal) . The transmitting device may rotate and encode the source signal (e.g., one or more times) , and may transmit the rotated encoded signal (s) such that the receiving device may decode an aggregation of the first encoded signal and the rotated encoded signal (s) .
[0097] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include a wireless device 205-a and a wireless device 205-b, which may be examples of network entities 105 or UEs 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0098] In some examples of the wireless communications system 200, a wireless device 205-a and a wireless device 205-b may communicate via one or more channels (e.g., a channel 210-a or a channel 210-b) . For example, the wireless device 205-b may transmit one or more transmissions 215 (e.g., a transmission 215-a) to the wireless device 205-a. In some examples, the transmission 215-a may be an example of an encoded analog signal as described herein.
[0099] To transmit the transmission 215-a to the wireless device 205-a, the wireless device 205-b may encode an analog source signal 225 (e.g., a vector of floating point values sn output from a semantic encoder) of dimension m via an encoder 230. The encoder 230 may output an analog encoded signal 235 (e.g., a second vector of floating point values) of dimension n. In some examples, the encoder 230 may perform a compression of the source signal 225 (e.g., m may be greater than n) . In some examples, the encoder 230 may perform an expansion of the source signal 225 (e.g., m may be less than n) . The wireless device 205-b may transmit the encoded signal 235 via the channel 210-b (e.g., via a quantity n of REs) . The wireless device 205-a may receive the encoded signal 235 (e.g., and a noise function associated with the channel 210-b) . The wireless device 205-a may decode the encoded signal 235 via a decoder 240 to generate a decoded signal 245.
[0100] In some examples, the wireless device 205-a may not successfully receive and decode the transmission 215-a with a desired performance (e.g., with a distortion that satisfies a threshold) . In such examples, the wireless device 205-b may determine to transmit a retransmission 215-b (e.g., a retransmission of the transmission 215-a) . In some examples, the wireless device 205-b may determine to transmit the retransmission 215-b in response to a retransmission indication 220 from the wireless device 205-a. In some examples, the wireless device 205-b may determine to transmit the retransmission 215-b based on receiving an indication of channel quality of the previous transmission..
[0101] However, in the example of analog signals with a given m: n ratio (e.g., an m: n system) , retransmission of a same CB (e.g., a same encoded signal 235) to achieve an m: 2n system may result in relatively less signal gain as compared to retransmission of a digital signal. As an illustrative example, for a source signal 225 with a dimension m and an encoded signal 235 with a dimension n = m, a coding gain (e.g., a slope of a signal to distortion ratio (SDR) to channel SNR (CSNR) graph) may be large (e.g., 1) . However, for a source signal 225 with a dimension m = 2 and an encoded signal 235 with a dimension n = 1, the coding gain may be relatively smaller than the m = n system (e.g., 0.5) . The wireless device 205-b may accordingly retransmit the encoded signal 235 with the dimension n = 1 to achieve a total m to n ratio of 2: (1+1) . However, retransmission of the same encoded signal 235 with the dimension n = 1 may not increase the coding gain. For example, the retransmission of the same encoded signal 235 may shift the SDR to CSNR graph without increasing the slope, and the power gain associated with the retransmission may therefore be small (e.g., 3 dB) . This is in contrast to retransmission of digital signals, which may increase a coding gain associated with decoding the digital signal.
[0102] Accordingly, the wireless device 205-b may perform a different retransmission procedure such that the retransmission 215-b is not the same as the transmission 215-a. For example, the wireless device 205-b may transmit a first portion of the encoded signal 235 to the wireless device 205-a as the transmission 215-a, and may transmit a second portion (e.g., and one or more additional portions) of the encoded signal 235 to the wireless device 205-a as the retransmission 215-b. The wireless device 205-a may accordingly decode an aggregation of the first portion and the second portion (e.g., and the one or more additional portions) , which may result in a relatively higher coding gain than retransmission of a same encoded signal 235. Such techniques are described herein in further detail with reference to FIG. 3.
[0103] Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device 205-b may encode or map the source signal 225 using a different mapping or encoding function for the retransmission 215-b than an encoding function used for the transmission 215-a. For example, the wireless device 205-b may encode the source signal 225 for the transmission 215-a using a first encoder 230. The wireless device 205-b may determine a dedicated retransmission encoding function for a second encoder 230 (e.g., based on m:n of the transmission 215-a) , and may encode the source signal 225 for the retransmission 215-b using the second encoder. The wireless device 205-a may accordingly decode an aggregation of the transmission 215-a encoded with the first encoder 230 and the retransmission 215-b encoded with the second encoder 230 (e.g., via a second decoder 240) , which may result in a relatively higher coding gain than retransmission of a same encoded signal 235. Such techniques are described herein in further detail with reference to FIG. 4.
[0104] Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device 205-b may rotate the source signal 225 for the retransmission 215-b. For example, the wireless device 205-b may encode the source signal 225 for the transmission 215-a using a first encoder 230, and may determine a rotation to apply to the source signal 225 for the retransmission 215-b before or after encoding the source signal 225 using a second encoder 230. The wireless device 205-a may accordingly decode an aggregation of the transmission 215-aencoded with the first encoder 230 and the rotated retransmission 215-b encoded with the second encoder 230 (e.g., and one or more additional rotated retransmissions 215) via a second decoder 240, which may result in a relatively higher coding gain than retransmission of a same encoded signal 235. Such techniques are described herein in further detail with reference to FIGs. 5A and 5B.
[0105] FIG. 3 shows an example of a transmission diagram 300 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The transmission diagram 300 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the wireless communications system 200. For example, the transmission diagram 300 may be implemented by a UE 115 and a network entity 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0106] In some examples, a transmitting device may encode a source signal 305 (e.g., a vector of floating point or real number values) using an encoder 310. The source signal 305 may have a first dimension (e.g., quantity of values) m. The encoder 310 may output an encoded signal (e.g., a second vector of floating point or real number values) with a second dimension nbase (e.g., a relatively large dimension) . In some examples, the transmitting device may select a mapping or encoding function associated with the encoder 310 based on the dimension m of the source signal 305. For example, the transmitting function may be configured with multiple base encoding functions for the encoder 310, and each of the multiple base encoding functions may be associated with a value of m. In some examples, the second dimension nbase may depend on the encoder 310.
[0107] The transmitting device may transmit a segment of n1 entries as part of a transmission 315-a to a receiving device. The segment of n1 entries may be contiguous. For example, the segment of n1 entries may be characterized by a starting point nstart, and may include entries of the encoded signal (e.g., values of the encoded vector) from entry nstart to entry (nstart + n1 –1) . The transmitting device may map each of the n1 entries to a corresponding RE of a first set of resources (e.g., the transmitting device may transmit the n1 entries with n1 channel uses) .
[0108] The transmitting device may transmit a second segment of n2 entries of the encoded signal (e.g., and one or more additional segments for a total of T segments over T transmission occasions) as part of a transmission 315-b (e.g., and one or more additional transmissions) . The transmitting device may map each of the n2 entries to a corresponding RE of a second set of resources (e.g., and each of nT entries of a transmission 315-T to a corresponding RE of an additional set of resources) . A starting point nstart associated with the second segment (e.g., and the one or more additional segments) and the length n2 may be different from the starting point nstart and the length n1 associated with the first segment. Accordingly, the transmitting device may indicate a corresponding index nstart and length ni associated with segments of the encoded signal in each of the transmissions 315-a through 315-T. In some examples, the transmitting device may indicate the length ni implicitly (e.g., via resource allocation) .
[0109] In some examples, the receiving device may receive the transmissions 315-athrough 315-T. The receiving device may aggregate and decode (e.g., demodulate) the transmissions 315 of each of the T transmission occasions using a decoder 325. In some examples, the decoder 325 may be associated with a base demapping or decoding function (e.g., selected from one or more decoding functions based on the dimension m or the dimension nbase) . The receiving device may perform T demodulations 320 of the T transmission 315 via the decoder 325. For example, the receiving device may perform a demodulation 320-a of the transmission 315-a, a demodulation 320-b of an aggregation of the transmission 315-a and the transmission 315-b, and so on (e.g., through a demodulation 320-T of an aggregation of transmissions 315-a through 315-T) . The receiving device may accordingly receive and decode the encoded signal to successfully generate a decoded signal 330 with a greater coding gain than receiving and decoding retransmissions of a same portion of the encoded signal.
[0110] In some examples, the encoder 310 and the decoder 325 may use AI or ML models to perform the encoding and decoding. For example, one of the transmitting device, receiving device, an external device, or some combination thereof may jointly or separately train an AI or ML model for the encoder 310 and an AI or ML model for the decoder 325. In some examples, the training may be performed at a training entity. In this case, the transmitting device or the receiving device may collect data and may upload the data to the training entity to facilitate a training process. The training entity may deliver the trained encoder 310 to the transmitting device and the trained decoder 325 to the receiving device. The training entity may be, for example, an entity associated with the transmitting device, an entity associated with the receiving device, or a third party.
[0111] In some examples, the encoder 310 and decoder 325 may be trained sequentially. For example, a training entity associated with the transmitting device may performing a training procedure of the encoder 325 with a private or reference decoder. The training entity of the transmitting device may provide one or more of an output of the encoder 325, an input to the private or reference decoder, and an output of the private or reference decoder or a ground-truth to a training entity associated with the receiving device. The training entity associated with the receiving device may train the decoder 325 using the provided output of the encoder 310 or the input to the private or reference decoder as input, and may use the output of the private or reference decoder or ground-truth as a desired output of the decoder. In some examples, a training entity associated with the receiving device may handle the training of the decoder 325 with a private or reference encoder. The training entity of the receiving device may provide one or more of an input of the private or reference encoder or the ground-truth, and an output of the private or reference encoder to a training entity associated with the transmitting device. The training entity associated with the transmitting device may train the encoder 310 using the provided input of the reference or private encoder or the ground-truth as input, and may use the output of the private / reference encoder or as a desired output of the encoder 310. In some examples, a base mapping or encoding function for the encoder 310 and a base demapping or decoding function for the decoder 325 may be paired (e.g., with separate paired functions for each source dimension m) via a model identification and / or model pairing phase.
[0112] FIG. 4 shows an example of a transmission diagram 400 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The transmission diagram 400 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, or the transmission diagram 300. For example, the transmission diagram 400 may be implemented by a UE 115 and a network entity 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0113] In some examples, a transmitting device may encode a source signal 405 (e.g., a vector sm of floating point or real number values) using an encoder 410-aassociated with an encoding function fn1 (sm) . The source signal 405 may have a first dimension (e.g., quantity of values in the vector sm) m. The encoder 410-a may output an encoded signal 415-a (e.g., a second vector of floating point or real number values) with a second dimension n1. The transmitting device may transmit the encoded signal 415-a via a channel to a receiving device (e.g., by mapping each entry of the second vector to a RE of a first set of resources) . The receiving device may receive and decode the encoded signal 415-a (e.g., and a noise function 420-a of the form associated with the channel) . For example, the receiving device may receive and decode the encoded signal 415-a via a decoder 425-a to generate a decoded signal 430-a (e.g., a vector ) .
[0114] The transmitting device may further encode the source signal 405 using an encoder 410-b associated with an encoding function freTx, n1 (sm) . In some examples, the encoding function freTx, n1 (sm) may be a dedicated function for retransmission mapping or encoding. The function freTx, n1 (sm) may be designed or paired with a specific m: n ratio. For example, the transmitting device may generate or may be configured with a set of retransmission functions freTx, n1 (sm) for each encoding function fn1 (sm) . Each of the set of retransmission functions may be paired to each possible m: n pair (e.g., freTx, n1 (sm) , freTx, n2 (sm) , freTx, n3 (sm) , and so on) . In some aspects, the transmitting device may generate or may be configured with a set of retransmission functions for each value pair of (m, n) of the encoded signal 415-a, and may select a retransmission function from the set of retransmission functions based on one or both of a channel condition or resource allocation of the retransmission occasion. For example, each of the set of retransmission functions for each value pair of (m, n) may be associated with a different output dimension n2.
[0115] The encoder 410-a may output an encoded signal 415-b (e.g., a third vector of floating point or real number values) with a third dimension n1. In some examples, n1 may be equal to n. The transmitting device may transmit the encoded signal via the channel to a receiving device (e.g., by mapping each entry of the third vector to a RE of a second set of resources) . The receiving device may receive and decode an aggregation of the encoded signal 415-a and the encoded signal 415-b (e.g., and a noise function 420-b associated with the channel) . For example, the receiving device may receive, aggregate, and decode the encoded signal 415-a and the encoded signal 415-b via a decoder 425-b to generate a decoded signal 430-a (e.g., a vector ) . Such retransmission techniques may result in a greater coding gain than the receiving device receiving and decoding retransmissions of a same encoded signal 415.
[0116] In some examples, the encoder 410-a and the decoder 425-a (e.g., and the encoder 410-b and the decoder 425-b) may use AI or ML models to perform the encoding and decoding. For example, one of the transmitting device, receiving device, an external device, or some combination thereof may jointly or separately train an AI or ML model for the encoder 410-a and an AI or ML model for the decoder 425-a. One of the transmitting device, receiving device, the external device, or some combination thereof may further fix the encoder 410-a and decoder 425-a and may jointly or separately train an AI or ML model for the encoder 410-b and an AI or ML model for the decoder 425-b based on the fixed encoder 410-a and the fixed decoder 425-a.
[0117] In some examples, the training may be performed at a training entity. In this case, the transmitting device or the receiving device may collect data and may upload the data to the training entity to facilitate a training process. The training entity may deliver the trained encoder 410 to the transmitting device and the trained decoder 425 to the receiving device. The training entity may be, for example, an entity associated with the transmitting device, an entity associated with the receiving device, or a third party.
[0118] In some examples, the encoder 410 and decoder 425 may be trained sequentially. For example, a training entity associated with the transmitting device may performing a training procedure of the encoder 410 with a private or reference decoder. The training entity of the transmitting device may provide one or more of an output of the encoder 410, an input to the private or reference decoder, and an output of the private or reference decoder or a ground-truth to a training entity associated with the receiving device. The training entity associated with the receiving device may train the decoder 425 using the provided output of the encoder 410 or the input to the private or reference decoder as input, and may use the output of the private or reference decoder or ground-truth as a desired output of the decoder 425. In some examples, a training entity associated with the receiving device may handle the training of the decoder 425 with a private or reference encoder. The training entity of the receiving device may provide one or more of an input of the private or reference encoder or the ground-truth, and an output of the private or reference encoder to a training entity associated with the transmitting device. The training entity associated with the transmitting device may train the encoder 410 using the provided input of the reference or private encoder or the ground-truth as input, and may use the output of the private / reference encoder or as a desired output of the encoder 410.
[0119] FIGs. 5A and 5B show examples of a transmission diagram 500-a and a transmission diagram 500-b that support retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The transmission diagram 500-a and the transmission diagram 500-b may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the transmission diagram 300, or the transmission diagram 400. For example, the transmission diagram 500-a and the transmission diagram 500-b may be implemented by a UE 115 and a network entity 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0120] As illustrated with reference to the transmission diagram 500-a, in some examples, a transmitting device may perform a compression or reduction to encode a source signal 505-a (e.g., a vector sm of floating point or real number values) . The transmitting device may encode the source signal 505-a using an encoder 510-aassociated with an encoding function fn0 (sm) . The source signal 505-a may have a first dimension (e.g., quantity of values) m. The encoder 510-a may output an encoded signal 515-a (e.g., a second vector of floating point or real number values) with a second dimension n0 that is less than the first dimension m. The transmitting device may transmit the encoded signal 515-a via a channel to a receiving device (e.g., by mapping each entry of the second vector to a RE of a set of resources) . The receiving device may receive the encoded signal 515-a of the form y0=h*fn0 (s) +z0, where z may represent a noise function of the channel and h may represent fading (e.g., frequency selective fading in the channel) . The receiving device may decode the encoded signal 515-a (e.g., and the noise function 520-a associated with the channel) . For example, the receiving device may receive and decode the encoded signal 515-a via a decoder 525-a to generate a decoded signal 530-a (e.g., a vector ) .
[0121] In the example of compression (e.g., where n0 is less than the first dimension m) , the transmitting device may perform a rotation 535-a on the source signal 505-a by an angle θa. For example, the transmitting device may multiply the vector of the source signal 505-a by a matrix represented by Rm (θa) (e.g., depending on the dimension of the source signal 505-a) . As an illustrative example, for an m of 2, the matrix may be defined as where θ is a scalar. Such a matrix may rotate the source signal 505-a by an angle θ in an x-y plane. For an m of 3, the matrix may be defined as R (3) (θ) =Rxy (θxy) Rxz (θxz) Ryz (θyz) , where θ may be defined as θ= [θxy, θxz, θyz] , Rxy (θxy) may be defined as Rxz (θxz) may be defined as and Rxy (θxy) may be defined as Such a matrix may rotate the source signal 505-aby an angle θxy in an x-y plane (e.g., orthogonal to a z axis) , by an angle θxz in an x-z plane (e.g., orthogonal to a y axis) , and by an angle θyz in a y-z plane (orthogonal to an x axis) . In general, for an m-dimensional rotation, there may be sub-rotations, where each sub-rotation may occur in a particular 2-dimensional plane. The total rotation R (m) (θ) in a given m1-m2 plane may be expressed according to Equation 1 below.
[0122] In some examples, the angle θ may be based on an index of a retransmission. For example, a first retransmission may be rotated by an angle of 90 degrees, a second retransmission may be rotated by an angle of 45 degrees, a third retransmission may be rotated by an angle of 135 degrees, and so on. In some examples, the transmitting device may indicate the angle θ to the receiving device.
[0123] The transmitting device may encode the rotated source signal 505-a using an encoder 510-b associated with an encoding function fn1 (Rm (θa) s) . In some examples (e.g., if n0 is equal to n1) , the encoding function of the encoder 510-b may be the same as the encoding function of the encoder 510-a. The encoder 510-b may output an encoded signal 515-b (e.g., a third vector of floating point or real number values) with a third dimension n1. The transmitting device may transmit the encoded signal 515-b via the channel to the receiving device (e.g., by mapping each entry of the third vector to a RE of a second set of resources) . The receiving device may receive and decode an aggregation of the encoded signal 515-a and the encoded signal 515-b (e.g., and a noise function 520-b associated with the channel) . For example, the receiving device may receive, aggregate, and decode the encoded signal 515-a and the encoded signal 515-b via a decoder 525-b to generate a decoded signal 530-b (e.g., a vector ) .
[0124] The transmitting device may perform T rotations, encodings, and retransmissions of the source signal 505-a as described herein. For example, the transmitting device may perform a rotation 535-i on an ith retransmission through a rotation 535-T on a Tth retransmission. The transmitting device may encode each ith rotated retransmission via a corresponding encoder 510-i (e.g., through the Tth retransmission via an encoder 510-T) . In some examples, an angle of rotation θi of each retransmission may be based on an index of the retransmission. In some examples, the transmitting device may indicate the angle of rotation θi of each retransmission to the receiving device.
[0125] The transmitting device may transmit each encoded signal 515-i (e.g., through an encoded signal 515-T) to the receiving device. The receiving device may receive each encoded signal 515 (e.g., and noise functions 520-i through 520-T) and may decode aggregations of each encoded signal 515-i and all preceding encoded signals 515 via a decoder 525-i (e.g., a decoder 525-i paired with each encoder 510-i) . For example, the receiving device may receive the encoded signal 515-T and may decode an aggregation of the encoded signal 515-a, the encoded signal 515-b, and so on through the encoded signal 515-T via a decoder 525-T. Each decoder 525-i may be associated with a decoding function of the form For example, the decoder 525-T may be associated with a decoding function In some examples (e.g., if a dimension n of each encoded signal 515 is the same) , an ith decoder 525-i may be associated with a decoding function The receiving device may accordingly generate a decoded signal 530-T, which may be associated with a relatively higher coding gain than the decoded signal 530-a (e.g., without any retransmissions) .
[0126] As illustrated with reference to the transmission diagram 500-b, in some examples, a transmitting device may perform an expansion to encode a source signal 505-b (e.g., a vector sm of floating point or real number values) . The transmitting device may encode the source signal 505-b using an encoder 510-c associated with an encoding function fn0 (sm) . The source signal 505-b may have a first dimension (e.g., quantity of values) m. The encoder 510-c may output an encoded signal 515-c (e.g., a second vector of floating point or real number values) with a second dimension n0 that is greater than the first dimension m. The transmitting device may transmit the encoded signal 515-c via a channel to a receiving device (e.g., by mapping each entry of the second vector to a RE of a first set of resources) . The receiving device may receive the encoded signal 515-a of the form y0=h*fn0 (s) +z, where z may represent a noise function of the channel and h may represent fading (e.g., frequency selective fading of the channel) . The receiving device may decode the encoded signal 515-c (e.g., and a noise function 520-c of the form associated with the channel) . For example, the receiving device may receive and decode the encoded signal 515-c via a decoder 525-c to generate a decoded signal 530-c (e.g., a vector ) .
[0127] The transmitting device may further encode the source signal 505-b via an encoder 510-d associated with an encoding function fn1 (sm) . The encoder 510-d may output an encoded signal (e.g., a third vector of floating point or real number values) with a third dimension n1. In some examples (e.g., if n0 is equal to n1) , the encoding function of the encoder 510-d may be the same as the encoding function of the encoder 510-c. In the example of expansion (e.g., where n0 is greater than the first dimension m) , the transmitting device may perform a rotation of the encoded signal by an angle θb by multiplying the encoded signal by a rotation matrix Rm (θb) to generate a rotated encoded signal 515-d. The rotation matrix Rm (θb) may depend on the dimension m of the source signal 505-b as described with reference to the transmission diagram 500-a. In some examples, the angle θb may be based on an index of a retransmission. For example, a first retransmission may be rotated by an angle of 90 degrees, a second retransmission may be rotated by an angle of 45 degrees, a third retransmission may be rotated by an angle of 135 degrees, and so on. In some examples, the transmitting device may indicate the angle θb to the receiving device.
[0128] The transmitting device may transmit the rotated encoded signal 515-d via the channel to the receiving device (e.g., by mapping each entry of the rotated third vector to a RE of a second set of resources) . The receiving device may receive and decode an aggregation of the encoded signal 515-c and the rotated encoded signal 515-d (e.g., and a noise function 520-c associated with the channel) . For example, the receiving device may receive, aggregate, and decode the encoded signal 515-c and the rotated encoded signal 515-d via a decoder 525-d to generate a decoded signal 530-d (e.g., a vector ) .
[0129] The transmitting device may perform R encodings, rotations and retransmissions of the source signal 505-b as described herein. For example, the transmitting device may encode each ith retransmission via a corresponding encoder 510-i (e.g., through the Rth retransmission via an encoder 510-R) . The transmitting device may perform a rotation 535-i on an ith encoded signal retransmission through a rotation 535-R on a Rth encoded signal. In some examples, an angle of rotation θi of each retransmission may be based on an index of the retransmission. In some examples, the transmitting device may indicate the angle of rotation θi of each retransmission to the receiving device.
[0130] The transmitting device may transmit each rotated encoded signal 515-i (e.g., through a rotated encoded signal 515-R) to the receiving device. The receiving device may receive each encoded signal 515 (e.g., and noise functions 520-i through 520-R associated with the channel) and may decode aggregations of each encoded signal 515-i and all preceding encoded signals 515 via a decoder 525-i (e.g., a decoder 525 paired with the encoder 510-i) . For example, the receiving device may receive the encoded signal 515-R and may decode an aggregation of the encoded signal 515-a, the encoded signal 515-b, and so on through the encoded signal 515-R via a decoder 525-R. Each decoder 525-i may be associated with a decoding function of the form For example, the decoder 525-R may be associated with a decoding function In some examples (e.g., if a dimension n of each encoded signal 515 is the same) , an ith decoder 525-i may be associated with a decoding function The receiving device may accordingly generate a decoded signal 530-R, which may be associated with a relatively higher coding gain than the decoded signal 530-c (e.g., without any retransmissions) .
[0131] In some examples, the encoders 510 and the decoders 525 of the transmission diagram 500-a and the transmission diagram 500-b may use AI or ML models to perform the encoding and decoding. For example, one of the transmitting device, receiving device, an external device, or some combination thereof may jointly or separately train one or more AI or ML model for the encoders 510 and for the decoders 525. In some examples, each of the encoders 510 and the decoders 525 may be trained per pair of (m, n) values. For example, each of the encoders 510 and the decoders 525 may be trained based on the dimension of the source signal 505 m, a dimension of one or more of the encoded signals 515 n, or some combination thereof.
[0132] In some examples, the training may be performed at a training entity. In this case, the transmitting device or the receiving device may collect data and may upload the data to the training entity to facilitate a training process. The training entity may deliver the trained encoder 510 to the transmitting device and the trained decoder 525 to the receiving device. The training entity may be, for example, an entity associated with the transmitting device, an entity associated with the receiving device, or a third party.
[0133] In some examples, each encoder 510 and decoder 525 may be trained sequentially. For example, a training entity associated with the transmitting device may performing a training procedure of the encoder 510 with a private or reference decoder. The training entity of the transmitting device may provide one or more of an output of the encoder 510, an input to the private or reference decoder, and an output of the private or reference decoder or a ground-truth to a training entity associated with the receiving device. The training entity associated with the receiving device may train the decoder 525 using the provided output of the encoder 510 or the input to the private or reference decoder as input, and may use the output of the private or reference decoder or ground-truth as a desired output of the decoder 525. In some examples, a training entity associated with the receiving device may handle the training of the decoder 525 with a private or reference encoder. The training entity of the receiving device may provide one or more of an input of the private or reference encoder or the ground-truth, and an output of the private or reference encoder to a training entity associated with the transmitting device. The training entity associated with the transmitting device may train the encoder 510 using the provided input of the reference or private encoder or the ground-truth as input, and may use the output of the private / reference encoder or as a desired output of the encoder 510.
[0134] Such retransmission techniques may result in a greater coding gain than the receiving device receiving and decoding retransmissions of a same encoded signal 515. For example, a rotation of the source signals 505 may map one or more entries of the source signals 505 onto a curve (e.g., an Archimedean spiral) which may decrease a radial error and therefore a total distortion associated with mapping the source signals 505. The decoded signals 530 associated with aggregated rotated encoded signal 515 may therefore be associated with a relatively higher coding gain, which may increase a reliability of communication.
[0135] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the transmission diagram 300, the transmission diagram 400, the transmission diagram 500-a, or the transmission diagram 500-b. For example, the process flow 600 may include a wireless device 605-a and a wireless device 605-b, which may be examples of network entities 105 or UEs 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0136] In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations between the wireless device 605-a and the wireless device 605-b may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, and other operations may be added to the process flow 600. Further, although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time.
[0137] At 610, the wireless device 605-a may perform an encoding of a first vector of floating point values (e.g., representing source data) . For example, the wireless device 605-a may encode the first vector via a first encoder associated with a first encoding function. The first vector may have a first dimension m. The first encoder may output a second vector of floating point values with a second dimension n1. In some examples, the wireless device 605-a may select the first encoding function based at least in part on the dimension m of the first vector, the dimension n1 of the second vector, or both.
[0138] At 615, the wireless device 605-a may transmit a first encoded signal to the wireless device 605-b via a first set of resources. For example, the wireless device 605-amay transmit a first portion or all of the second vector to the wireless device 605-b. The wireless device 605-a may map each value of the first portion of the second vector or each value of the second vector to a respective RE of the first set of resources.
[0139] In some examples (e.g., if the wireless device 605-a transmits a portion of the second vector to the wireless device 605-b) , each value of the first portion of the second vector may be part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector. In such examples, the wireless device may indicate an index of a first value of the first portion of the second vector to the wireless device 605-b.
[0140] At 620, the wireless device 605-b may decode the first encoded signal to generate a decoded vector associated with the source data. For example, the wireless device 605-b may decode the first portion of the second vector or all of the second vector via a first decoder. In some examples, the first decoder may be paired with (e.g., trained with) the first encoder. The first decoder may be associated with a first decoding function of a plurality of decoding functions (e.g., based at least in part on a dimension of the first vector, the second vector, or both) . The first decoding function may be selected or trained based on the first dimension or the second dimension.
[0141] In some examples, at 625, the wireless device 605-b may transmit an indication to the wireless device 605-a to retransmit the source data. In some examples, the wireless device 605-a may determine (e.g., via an AI or ML model) to retransmit the source data (e.g., without receiving the indication from the wireless device 605-b) based on a channel quality report from the wireless device 605-b. For example, the wireless device 605-b may indicate a channel quality associated with the first encoded signal. In such examples, the wireless device 605-a may determine to retransmit the source data if the indicated channel quality does not match a configuration (e.g., a threshold channel quality) associated with the first encoded signal.
[0142] In some examples, at 630, the wireless device 605-a may encode the first vector using a second encoder to generate a third vector with a third dimension. The second encoder may be trained based at least in part on the first dimension, the second dimension, or the third dimension. In some examples, the second encoder may be associated with a second encoding function. For example, the second encoding function may be selected (e.g., from a set of encoding functions) based on the first dimension and the second dimension. In some examples, the second encoding function may be selected from a set of encoding functions associated with the first dimension and the second dimension based on one or more channel conditions or resource allocations associated with the third vector.
[0143] In some examples, the wireless device 605-a may perform a rotation of the first vector or the third vector. For example, if the first dimension is greater than the second dimension, the wireless device 605-a may rotate the first vector prior to the encoding. If the first dimension is smaller than the first dimension, the wireless device 605-b may rotate the third vector (e.g., after encoding) . In such examples, the second encoding function may be different from the first encoding function (e.g., if the second dimension and the third dimension are different) or the same as the first encoding function (e.g., if the second dimension and the third dimension are the same) . In some aspects, an angle associated with the rotation may be based on an index of retransmission of the source data. In some examples, the wireless device 605-a may transmit an indication of the angle associated with the rotation to the wireless device 605-b.
[0144] At 635, the wireless device 605-a may transmit a second encoded signal to the wireless device 605-b via a second set of resources (e.g., based on the indication to retransmit the source data) . For example, the wireless device 605-a may transmit the third vector or a second portion of the second vector. The wireless device 605-a may map each value of the second encoded signal to a respective RE in the second set of resources. In some examples, each value of the second portion of the second vector may be part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector. The wireless device 605-a may transmit an indication of an index of a first value of the second portion of the second vector to the wireless device 650-b.
[0145] At 640, the wireless device 605-b may decode an aggregation of the first encoded signal and the second encoded signal. In some examples (e.g., if the encoded signal is the second portion of the second vector) , the wireless device 605-b may decode the aggregation using the first decoder. In some examples, the wireless device 605-b may decode the aggregation using a second decoder. The second decoder may be paired with (e.g., trained with) the second encoder. The wireless device 605-b may train or select a second decoding function associated with the second decoder (e.g., from a plurality of decoding functions) based on one or more of the first dimension, the second dimension, and the third dimension. The second decoder may output a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0146] In some examples, at 645, the wireless device 605-b may transmit an additional indication to the wireless device 605-a to retransmit the source data. In some examples, the wireless device 605-a may determine (e.g., via an AI or ML model) to retransmit the source data (e.g., without receiving the additional indication from the wireless device 605-b) .
[0147] In some examples, at 650, the wireless device 605-b may encode one or more additional vectors as described with reference to step 630. For example, the wireless device 605-b may perform one or more rotations of the first vector or the one or more additional vectors (e.g., before or after the encoding) . The wireless device 605-b may encode the one or more additional vectors using an additional encoder associated with an additional encoding function (e.g., based on the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or one or more additional dimensions associated with the one or more additional encoded signals) . In some examples, the additional encoder may be a same encoder as the first encoder or the second encoder.
[0148] In some examples, at 655, the wireless device 605-b may transmit one or more additional encoded signals (e.g., the one or more additional vectors or one or more additional portions of the second vector) to the wireless device 650-b via one or more additional sets of resources in response to the indication to retransmit the source data. Each value of the one or more additional vectors or the one or more additional portions of the second vector may be mapped to a respective RE of the one or more additional sets of resources. The wireless device 605-a may transmit an indication of a first value of each of the one or more additional portions of the second vector to the wireless device 650-b.
[0149] In some examples, at 660, the wireless device 605-b may decode an aggregation of the first encoded signal, the second encoded signal, and the one or more additional encoded signals. In some examples (e.g., if the one or more additional encoded signals are the one or more additional portions of the second vector) , the wireless device 605-b may decode the aggregation using the first decoder. In some examples, the wireless device 605-b may decode the aggregation using an additional decoder. The additional decoder may be paired with (e.g., trained with) the additional encoder. The wireless device 605-b may train or select an additional decoding function associated with the additional decoder (e.g., from a plurality of decoding functions) based on one or more of the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or the one or more additional dimensions associated with the one or more additional encoded signals. The additional decoder may output an additional vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0150] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, and the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0151] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0152] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0153] The communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0154] In some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0155] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0156] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0157] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.
[0158] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0159] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.
[0160] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0161] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for retransmissions of analog signal, which may result in increased reliability of communications.
[0162] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705 or a wireless device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, and the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0163] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0164] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0165] The device 805, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include an encoding manager 825, an analog signal transmission manager 830, an analog signal reception component 835, a decoding component 840, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0166] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The encoding manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The analog signal transmission manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The analog signal transmission manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.
[0167] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The analog signal reception component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The decoding component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data. The analog signal reception component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The decoding component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0168] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The encoding manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The analog signal transmission manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The encoding manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension. The analog signal transmission manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.
[0169] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The analog signal reception component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The decoding component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data. The analog signal reception component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The decoding component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0170] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a communications manager 920 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720, a communications manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include an encoding manager 925, an analog signal transmission manager 930, an analog signal reception component 935, a decoding component 940, a retransmission indication manager 945, a retransmission indication component 950, a rotation manager 955, a rotation angle indication manager 960, a rotation angle indication component 965, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0171] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. In some examples, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.
[0172] In some examples, the retransmission indication manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.
[0173] In some examples, each value of the first portion of the second vector and each value of the second portion of the second vector is part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector.
[0174] In some examples, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a first function of a set of multiple functions associated with the encoder based on the first dimension.
[0175] In some examples, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector. In some examples, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.
[0176] In some examples, to support transmitting the first portion and the second portion of the second vector, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the first portion and the second portion of the second vector to the second wireless device.
[0177] In some examples, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via the first encoder, one or more additional portions of the second vector. In some examples, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the one or more additional portions of the second vector using one or more additional sets of resources, where each value of the one or more additional portions of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the one or more additional resources.
[0178] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The decoding component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data. In some examples, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. In some examples, the decoding component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0179] In some examples, the retransmission indication component 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based on a metric associated with receiving the first portion of the first vector.
[0180] In some examples, each value of the first portion of the first vector and each value of the second portion of the first vector is part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector.
[0181] In some examples, to support receiving the first portion and the second portion of the first vector, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the first portion and the second portion of the first vector from the second wireless device.
[0182] In some examples, the decoder is associated with a first function of a set of multiple functions based on a dimension of the third vector.
[0183] In some examples, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector. In some examples, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.
[0184] In some examples, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more additional portions of the first vector, where each value of the one or more additional portions of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of one or more additional resources. In some examples, the decoding component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of the first portion, the second portion, and the one or more additional portions to obtain the third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0185] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. In some examples, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. In some examples, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension. In some examples, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.
[0186] In some examples, the retransmission indication manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.
[0187] In some examples, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a function associated with one or both of the first encoder and the second encoder based on the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof.
[0188] In some examples, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the function from a set of functions associated with the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof based on one or more channel conditions and one or more resource allocations associated with the third vector.
[0189] In some examples, to support encoding the first vector via the second encoder, the rotation manager 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a rotation of the first vector. In some examples, to support encoding the first vector via the second encoder, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying an encoding function to the first vector, where the encoding function is associated with the second encoder.
[0190] In some examples, the first dimension is greater than the second dimension. In some examples, the first device performs the rotation prior to applying the encoding function.
[0191] In some examples, the first dimension is less than the second dimension. In some examples, the first device performs the rotation after applying the encoding function.
[0192] In some examples, an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector is based on an index of retransmissions of the source data.
[0193] In some examples, the rotation angle indication manager 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector.
[0194] In some examples, the encoding manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via one or more additional encoders, one or more additional vectors. In some examples, the analog signal transmission manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, where each value of the one or more additional vectors is mapped to a respective resource element of the one or more additional sets of resources.
[0195] In some examples, each of the first encoder and the second encoder is trained based on the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0196] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. In some examples, the decoding component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data. In some examples, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. In some examples, the decoding component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0197] In some examples, the retransmission indication component 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based on a metric associated with receiving the first vector.
[0198] In some examples, the second vector is rotated with respect to the first vector.
[0199] In some examples, an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector is based on an index of retransmissions of the source data.
[0200] In some examples, the rotation angle indication component 965 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector.
[0201] In some examples, the analog signal reception component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, where each value of the one or more additional vectors is mapped to a respective resource element of the one or more additional sets of resources. In some examples, the decoding component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via one or more additional decoders, an aggregation of the first vector, the second vector, and the one or more additional vectors.
[0202] In some examples, each of the first decoder and the second decoder is trained based on a first dimension of the first vector, a second dimension of the second vector, a third dimension of the third vector, or a combination thereof.
[0203] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a wireless device as described herein. The device 1005 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an I / O controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045) .
[0204] The I / O controller 1010 may manage input and output signals for the device 1005. The I / O controller 1010 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1005. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.
[0205] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1025, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0206] The at least one memory 1030 may include RAM and ROM. The at least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1040 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1030 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0207] The at least one processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1040. The at least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1040, the at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1040) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1030) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. As such, the at least one processor 1040 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1030 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0208] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.
[0209] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0210] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of re sources.
[0211] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0212] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for retransmissions of analog signal, which may result in improved communication reliability and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0213] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1015, the one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1040, the at least one memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission as described herein, or the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0214] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0215] At 1105, the method may include encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by an encoding manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0216] At 1110, the method may include transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0217] At 1115, the method may include transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0218] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0219] At 1205, the method may include encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by an encoding manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0220] At 1210, the method may include transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0221] At 1215, the method may include receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a retransmission indication manager 945 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0222] At 1220, the method may include transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0223] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0224] At 1305, the method may include receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0225] At 1310, the method may include decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0226] At 1315, the method may include receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0227] At 1320, the method may include decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data. The operations of 1320 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0228] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0229] At 1405, the method may include receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0230] At 1410, the method may include decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0231] At 1415, the method may include transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based on a metric associated with receiving the first portion of the first vector. The operations of 1415 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a retransmission indication component 950 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0232] At 1420, the method may include receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1420 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0233] At 1425, the method may include decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data. The operations of 1425 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0234] FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0235] At 1505, the method may include encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by an encoding manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0236] At 1510, the method may include transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0237] At 1515, the method may include encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension. The operations of 1515 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by an encoding manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0238] At 1520, the method may include transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1520 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0239] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0240] At 1605, the method may include encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, where the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension. The operations of 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by an encoding manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0241] At 1610, the method may include transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0242] At 1615, the method may include receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device. The operations of 1615 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by a retransmission indication manager 945 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0243] At 1620, the method may include encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, where the third vector is associated with a third dimension. The operations of 1620 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by an encoding manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0244] At 1625, the method may include transmitting, based on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, where each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1625 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be performed by an analog signal transmission manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0245] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0246] At 1705, the method may include receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0247] At 1710, the method may include decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0248] At 1715, the method may include receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0249] At 1720, the method may include decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0250] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports retransmission schemes for semantic communication and analog transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0251] At 1805, the method may include receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, where each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources. The operations of 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0252] At 1810, the method may include decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data. The operations of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0253] At 1815, the method may include transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based on a metric associated with receiving the first vector. The operations of 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a retransmission indication component 950 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0254] At 1820, the method may include receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, where each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources. The operations of 1820 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed by an analog signal reception component 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0255] At 1825, the method may include decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data. The operations of 1825 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1825 may be performed by a decoding component 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0256] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0257] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first device, comprising: encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, wherein the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension; transmitting a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources; and transmitting, based at least in part on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0258] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.
[0259] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein each value of the first portion of the second vector and each value of the second portion of the second vector is part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector.
[0260] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, further comprising: selecting a first encoding function of a plurality of encoding functions associated with the encoder based at least in part on the first dimension.
[0261] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: transmitting an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector; and transmitting an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.
[0262] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein the encoder is associated with a decoder of a second wireless device, and wherein transmitting the first portion and the second portion of the second vector comprises: transmitting the first portion and the second portion of the second vector to the second wireless device.
[0263] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: encoding, via the first encoder, one or more additional portions of the first vector; and transmitting one or more additional portions of the first vector using one or more additional sets of resources, wherein each value of the one or more additional portions of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the one or more additional resources.
[0264] Aspect 8: A method for wireless communication at a first device, comprising: receiving a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources; decoding, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data; receiving a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources; and decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0265] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, further comprising: transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based at least in part on a metric associated with receiving the first portion of the first vector.
[0266] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 8 through 9, wherein each value of the first portion of the first vector and each value of the second portion of the first vector is part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector.
[0267] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 8 through 10, wherein the decoder is associated with an encoder of a second wireless device, and wherein receiving the first portion and the second portion of the first vector comprises: receiving the first portion and the second portion of the first vector from the second wireless device.
[0268] Aspect 12: The method of aspect 11, wherein the decoder is associated with a first decoding function of a plurality of decoding functions based at least in part on a dimension of the third vector.
[0269] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 8 through 12, further comprising: receiving an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector; and receiving an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.
[0270] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 8 through 13, further comprising: receiving one or more additional portions of the first vector, wherein each value of the one or more additional portions of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of one or more additional resources; and decoding, via the first decoder, an aggregation of the first portion, the second portion, and the one or more additional portions to obtain the third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.
[0271] Aspect 15: A method for wireless communication at a first device, comprising: encoding, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, wherein the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension; transmitting the second vector using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources; encoding, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, wherein the third vector is associated with a third dimension; and transmitting, based at least in part on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources.
[0272] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, further comprising: receiving the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.
[0273] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 15 through 16, further comprising: selecting a function associated with one or both of the first encoder and the second encoder based at least in part on the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof.
[0274] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, further comprising: selecting the function from a set of functions associated with the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof based at least in part on one or more channel conditions and one or more resource allocations associated with the third vector.
[0275] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 15 through 18, wherein encoding the first vector via the second encoder comprises: performing a rotation of the first vector; and applying an encoding function to the first vector, wherein the encoding function is associated with the second encoder.
[0276] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, wherein the first dimension is greater than the second dimension, and the first device performs the rotation prior to applying the encoding function.
[0277] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 19, wherein the first dimension is less than the second dimension, and the first device performs the rotation after applying the encoding function.
[0278] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 19 through 21, wherein an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector is based at least in part on an index of retransmissions of the source data.
[0279] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 19 through 22, further comprising: transmitting an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector.
[0280] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 19 through 23, further comprising: encoding, via one or more additional encoders, one or more additional vectors; and transmitting the one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, wherein each value of the one or more additional vectors is mapped to a respective RE of the one or more additional sets of resources.
[0281] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 19 through 24, wherein each of the first encoder and the second encoder is trained based at least in part on the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0282] Aspect 26: A method for wireless communication at a first device, comprising: receiving a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective RE of the first set of resources; decoding, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data; receiving a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective RE of the second set of resources; and decoding, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.
[0283] Aspect 27: The method of aspect 26, further comprising: transmitting an indication to retransmit the source data based at least in part on a metric associated with receiving the first vector.
[0284] Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 26 through 27, wherein the second vector is rotated with respect to the first vector.
[0285] Aspect 29: The method of aspect 28, wherein an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector is based at least in part on an index of retransmissions of the source data.
[0286] Aspect 30: The method of any of aspects 28 through 29, further comprising: receiving an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector.
[0287] Aspect 31: The method of any of aspects 28 through 30, further comprising: receiving one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, wherein each value of the one or more additional vectors is mapped to a respective RE of the one or more additional sets of resources; and decoding, via one or more additional decoders, an aggregation of the first vector, the second vector, and the one or more additional vectors.
[0288] Aspect 32: The method of any of aspects 28 through 31, wherein each of the first decoder and the second decoder is trained based at least in part on a first dimension of the first vector, a second dimension of the second vector, a third dimension of the third vector, or a combination thereof.
[0289] Aspect 33: A first device for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 7.
[0290] Aspect 34: A first device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 7.
[0291] Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 7.
[0292] Aspect 36: A first device for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to perform a method of any of aspects 8 through 14.
[0293] Aspect 37: A first device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 8 through 14.
[0294] Aspect 38: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 8 through 14.
[0295] Aspect 39: A first device for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 25.
[0296] Aspect 40: A first device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 15 through 25.
[0297] Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 25.
[0298] Aspect 42: A first device for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to perform a method of any of aspects 26 through 32.
[0299] Aspect 43: A first device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 26 through 32.
[0300] Aspect 44: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 26 through 32.
[0301] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0302] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0303] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0304] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0305] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0306] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0307] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0308] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0309] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0310] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0311] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0312] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
A first device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:encode, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to generate a second vector of floating point values, wherein the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension;transmit a first portion of the second vector using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the first portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources; andtransmit, based at least in part on an indication to retransmit the source data, a second portion of the second vector using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the second portion of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.The first device of claim 1, wherein each value of the first portion of the second vector and each value of the second portion of the second vector is part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:select a first encoding function of a plurality of encoding functions associated with the encoder based at least in part on the first dimension.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:transmit an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector; andtransmit an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.The first device of claim 1, wherein the encoder is associated with a decoder of a second wireless device, and wherein, to transmit the first portion and the second portion of the second vector, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:transmit the first portion and the second portion of the second vector to the second wireless device.The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:encode, via the first encoder, one or more additional portions of the second vector; andtransmit the one or more additional portions of the second vector using one or more additional sets of resources, wherein each value of the one or more additional portions of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the one or more additional resources.A first device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive a first portion of a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the first portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources;decode, via a first decoder, the first portion of the first vector of floating point values to obtain a second vector associated with source data;receive a second portion of the first vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the second portion of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources; anddecode, via the first decoder, an aggregation of both of the first portion of the first vector and the second portion of the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.The first device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:transmit an indication to retransmit the source data based at least in part on a metric associated with receiving the first portion of the first vector.The first device of claim 8, wherein:each value of the first portion of the first vector and each value of the second portion of the first vector is part of a contiguous sequence of values of the second vector .The first device of claim 8, wherein the decoder is associated with an encoder of a second wireless device, and wherein, to receive the first portion and the second portion of the first vector, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive the first portion and the second portion of the first vector from the second wireless device.The first device of claim 11, wherein the decoder is associated with a first decoding function of a plurality of decoding functions based at least in part on a dimension of the third vector.The first device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive an indication of an index associated with a first value of the first portion of the second vector; andreceive an indication of an index associated with a first value of the second portion of the second vector.The first device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive one or more additional portions of the first vector, wherein each value of the one or more additional portions of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of one or more additional resources; anddecode, via the first decoder, an aggregation of the first portion, the second portion, and the one or more additional portions to obtain the third vector of floating point values associated with the source data.A first device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:encode, via a first encoder, a first vector of floating point values associated with source data to obtain a second vector of floating point values, wherein the first vector is associated with a first dimension and the second vector is associated with a second dimension;transmit the second vector using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources;encode, via a second encoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector of floating point values, wherein the third vector is associated with a third dimension; andtransmit, based at least in part on an indication to retransmit the source data, the third vector using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the third vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources.The first device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive the indication to retransmit the source data from a second device.The first device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:select a function associated with one or both of the first encoder and the second encoder based at least in part on the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof.The first device of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:select the function from a set of functions associated with the first dimension, the second dimension, the third dimension, or a combination thereof based at least in part on one or more channel conditions and one or more resource allocations associated with the third vector.The first device of claim 15, wherein, to encode the first vector via the second encoder, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:perform a rotation of the first vector; andapply an encoding function to the first vector, wherein the encoding function is associated with the second encoder.The first device of claim 19, wherein:the first dimension is greater than the second dimension, andthe first device performs the rotation prior to applying the encoding function.The first device of claim 19, wherein:the first dimension is less than the second dimension, andthe first device performs the rotation after applying the encoding function.The first device of claim 19, wherein an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector is based at least in part on an index of retransmissions of the source data.The first device of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:transmit an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the first vector.The first device of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:encode, via one or more additional encoders, one or more additional vectors; andtransmit the one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, wherein each value of the one or more additional vectors is mapped to a respective resource element of the one or more additional sets of resources.A first device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive a first vector of floating point values using a first set of resources, wherein each value of the first vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the first set of resources;decode, via a first decoder, the first vector to obtain a third vector associated with source data;receive a second vector of floating point values using a second set of resources, wherein each value of the second vector is mapped to a respective resource element of the second set of resources; anddecode, via a second decoder, an aggregation of both of the first vector and the second vector to obtain the third vector associated with the source data.The first device of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:transmit an indication to retransmit the source data based at least in part on a metric associated with receiving the first vector.The first device of claim 25, wherein the second vector is rotated with respect to the first vector.The first device of claim 27, wherein an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector is based at least in part on an index of retransmissions of the source data.The first device of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive an indication of an angle associated with the rotation of the second vector with respect to the first vector.The first device of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first device to:receive one or more additional vectors using one or more additional sets of resources, wherein each value of the one or more additional vectors is mapped to a respective resource element of the one or more additional sets of resources; anddecode, via one or more additional decoders, an aggregation of the first vector, the second vector, and the one or more additional vectors.