Aqueous american ginseng extract, method for preparing same, and use thereof in reducing uric acid

Abstract

Disclosed are an aqueous American ginseng extract, a method for preparing, and use thereof in reducing uric acid. The method comprises the following steps: grinding American ginseng, mixing with petroleum ether, and subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic extraction and filtration at reduced pressure; drying the defatted American ginseng powder and mixing with deionized water, and subjecting the mixture to another ultrasonic extraction and filtration at reduced pressure to give an aqueous American ginseng extract solution; and concentrating and lyophilizing the aqueous American ginseng extract solution to give the aqueous American ginseng extract. The resultant aqueous American ginseng extract can effectively reduce the activity of xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase, lower the blood uric acid level, and provide certain protective effects on the kidneys, thus possessing good development prospects.

Description

American ginseng water extract, preparation method thereof, and application thereof in lowering uric acid

[0001] The present invention claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on October 26, 2023, with application number 202311400258.6, entitled “A water extract of American ginseng, its preparation method and its application in lowering uric acid”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, and particularly relates to an American ginseng water extract, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof in reducing uric acid. Background Art

[0003] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0004] Uric acid is a product produced by hypoxanthine and xanthine under the action of xanthine oxidase. Hyperuricemia is a disorder of purine metabolism in the human body, which leads to an increase in uric acid content in the blood and then to gout. When the uric acid concentration is higher than normal, it precipitates in the form of urate crystals. Urate crystals are deposited in the synovium, bursa, cartilage and other tissues, causing recurrent inflammatory diseases. Currently, the commonly used uric acid-lowering drugs in clinical practice are Febuxostat and Allopurinol, but they often cause serious side effects such as rash, gastrointestinal reactions, liver and kidney damage, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need for natural uric acid-lowering drugs with low toxicity and side effects to treat gout.

[0005] American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Panax, Araliaceae, with its roots used as medicine. It has a bitter taste and cooling properties, entering the heart, lung, and kidney meridians. Its primary tonic function is nourishing yin, reducing internal heat, and replenishing qi and promoting fluid production. It is commonly used clinically to treat various conditions such as lung deficiency, chronic cough, thirst, dry throat, lack of fluid, and fatigue caused by internal heat. American ginseng primarily contains saponins and polysaccharides, which have the potential to strengthen the myocardium and central nervous system, regulate blood pressure, and regulate endocrine function. It can enhance central nervous system function, protect the cardiovascular system, boost immunity, and promote blood vitality. Currently, there are no reports that American ginseng extracts can lower uric acid levels.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an American ginseng water extract, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof in lowering uric acid.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aqueous extract of American ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Grind American ginseng and mix with petroleum ether for ultrasonic extraction to obtain a petroleum ether extract of American ginseng;

[0011] S2. Filtering the American ginseng petroleum ether extract under reduced pressure, and drying the American ginseng powder obtained by filtration;

[0012] S3. The dried American ginseng powder is mixed with deionized water and subjected to ultrasonic extraction. After ultrasonic extraction, the American ginseng aqueous extract is obtained by vacuum filtration. The American ginseng aqueous extract is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the American ginseng aqueous extract.

[0013] Preferably, the ratio of American ginseng to petroleum ether is 1 g:2.5-3.5 mL.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the number of ultrasonic extractions is 2-3 times, the extraction temperature is set to 25-35°C, the extraction time is 40-50 min / time, and the ultrasonic power is 170-190W.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the American ginseng powder obtained by filtration is dried by heating at a temperature of 40-50°C.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the ratio of American ginseng powder to deionized water is 1 g:2.5-3.5 mL.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, ultrasonic extraction is performed 3-4 times, the extraction temperature is set to 55-65° C., the extraction time is 55-65 min / time, and the ultrasonic power is 290-310 W.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an aqueous extract of American ginseng obtained by the preparation method described in the first aspect.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present invention provides use of the American ginseng water extract as described in the second aspect in the preparation of uric acid-lowering or kidney-protecting products.

[0020] Preferably, the product includes medicine, food or health care product.

[0021] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising the American ginseng aqueous extract as described in the fourth aspect.

[0022] The beneficial effects achieved by one or more technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] The American ginseng water extract obtained by the present invention can effectively reduce the activities of xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase, reduce the blood uric acid content, and has low toxicity and side effects and a certain protective effect on the kidneys, and has good development prospects.

[0024] Compared with the clinically commonly used uric acid-lowering drug allopurinol, the American ginseng water extract of the present invention has similar ability to reduce the activities of xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase, and reduce uric acid content, and has no toxic side effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] After crushing the American ginseng medicinal material, the American ginseng medicinal material powder was first mixed with petroleum ether at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, and ultrasonic extraction was performed twice. The extraction temperature was set to 30°C, the extraction time was 45 minutes / time, and the ultrasonic power was 180w.

[0028] The American ginseng petroleum ether extract was filtered under reduced pressure, and the fat-free American ginseng powder obtained by filtration was placed in a water bath and heated to evaporate the residual petroleum ether solvent. The temperature was set to 45°C.

[0029] The degreased and dried American ginseng powder was mixed with deionized water at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3. Ultrasonic extraction was performed three times at 60°C for 60 minutes per extraction, using an ultrasonic power of 300W. The aqueous extract was filtered under reduced pressure, combined, concentrated, and freeze-dried to obtain the American ginseng aqueous extract.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] SPF Kunming male mice were randomly divided into normal group (KB), model group (300 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 Potassium oxonate + 300 mg kg -1 ·d -1 Hypoxanthine), positive drug group (5 mg·kg -1 Allopurinol) and drug-treated group (150 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 The modeling was combined with drug administration. At 9:00 a.m. every day, the mice in the model group, the positive drug group, and the drug administration group were intraperitoneally injected with hypoxanthine and orally administered with potassium oxonate. One hour later, the mice were orally administered with the American ginseng aqueous extract and allopurinol according to the dosage. The mice in the normal group and the model group were orally administered with an equal amount of normal saline for 2 weeks.

[0032] After 13 days of dosing, mice were fasted but not watered. On the 14th day, one hour after administration of the modeling agent, blood was collected from the mouse eyeballs. After standing at room temperature for one hour, the blood was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 15 minutes to separate the serum to be tested and stored at -20°C until further use. Following blood collection, liver and kidney tissues were quickly separated.

[0033] Xanthine oxidase (XOD) is a catalytic enzyme widely present in the human liver and kidneys. It catalyzes the direct metabolic conversion of xanthine to uric acid, as well as the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine, which in turn catalyzes the conversion of xanthine to uric acid. XOD is a key enzyme in the production of uric acid. By reducing XOD activity, uric acid production is reduced, making it an important source of therapeutic drugs for uric acid reduction. Xanthine oxidase levels in liver tissue (mouse liver homogenate) and blood were measured using a xanthine oxidase assay kit, and XOD activity in liver tissue and blood was calculated. As shown in Table 1, an aqueous extract of American ginseng effectively reduced XOD activity.

[0034] Table 1 Results of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity determination of American ginseng water extract

[0035] Adenosine deaminase (EC: 3.5.4.4 adenosine deaminase ADA) is a key enzyme in purine nucleoside metabolism and belongs to the sulfhydryl enzyme class. ADA catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine, which is then converted to hypoxanthine by nucleoside phosphorylase. The final metabolic product is uric acid. Therefore, reducing ADA activity can reduce uric acid production. An adenosine deaminase assay kit was used to measure adenosine deaminase in liver tissue (mouse liver homogenate) and blood, and the activity of ADA in liver tissue and blood was calculated. As shown in Table 2, American ginseng aqueous extract can effectively reduce ADA activity.

[0036] Table 2 Results of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity determination of American ginseng water extract

[0037] The uric acid content in mouse serum was determined using a uric acid assay kit and the uric acid content in mouse serum was calculated. As shown in Table 3, the American ginseng aqueous extract can effectively reduce the uric acid content in mouse serum.

[0038] Table 3 Results of uric acid-lowering activity determination of American ginseng water extract

[0039] Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels are commonly used clinically to assess the degree of kidney damage. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in mouse serum were measured using creatinine and blood urea nitrogen assay kits, and the levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in mouse serum were calculated. As shown in Table 4, the American ginseng aqueous extract did not damage the mouse kidneys, and blood urea nitrogen levels decreased compared to the blank control group, indicating that the American ginseng aqueous extract has some protective activity on the kidneys.

[0040] Table 4 Results of the renal protective activity test of American ginseng water extract

[0041] In summary, compared with the commonly used clinical uric acid-lowering drug allopurinol, the American ginseng water extract of the present invention has similar ability to reduce xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase activities and lower uric acid content, without toxic side effects.

[0042] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aqueous extract of American ginseng, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, crushing American ginseng and mixing it with petroleum ether to perform ultrasonic extraction to obtain American ginseng petroleum ether extract; S2, filtering the American ginseng petroleum ether extract under reduced pressure, and drying the American ginseng powder obtained by filtration; S3. Mix the dried American ginseng powder with deionized water and perform ultrasonic extraction. After the ultrasonic extraction, vacuum filtration is performed to obtain an American ginseng water extract. The American ginseng water extract is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain an American ginseng water extract.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ratio of American ginseng to petroleum ether is 1g:2.5-3.5mL.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the number of ultrasonic extractions is 2-3 times, the extraction temperature is set at 25-35°C, the extraction time is 40-50 min / time, and the ultrasonic power is 170-190W.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the American ginseng powder obtained by filtration is dried by heating at a temperature of 40-50°C.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ratio of American ginseng powder to deionized water is 1 g: 2.5-3.5 mL.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, ultrasonic extraction is performed 3-4 times, the extraction temperature is set to 55-65°C, the extraction time is 55-65min / time, and the ultrasonic power is 290-310W.

7. An aqueous extract of American ginseng, characterized in that: The method is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

8. Use of the American ginseng aqueous extract as claimed in claim 7 in the preparation of uric acid lowering or kidney protection products.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The products include medicines, foods or health products.

10. A composition, characterized in that The invention comprises the American ginseng water extract as claimed in claim 7.

Images