A method of multi-biomedical markers association for nasopharngeal carcinoma metastatses
The method employs a set of biomarker genes to predict metastasis and therapeutic resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, addressing the current lack of effective markers and enabling more personalized treatment approaches with improved clinical outcomes.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/128778
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-11-01
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Current methods lack effective molecular markers for predicting metastasis and therapeutic resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, particularly after radiation therapy, which hinders early identification of high-risk patients and personalized treatment approaches.
A method utilizing a set of biomarker genes (CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B, and AGAP9) for predicting nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and therapeutic resistance, which involves testing for the expression of these markers in patient samples and using the results to classify patients and inform treatment decisions.
This method provides high accuracy in predicting metastasis and therapeutic resistance, enabling early intervention and improving clinical outcomes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients by allowing for more personalized and aggressive treatment strategies.
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Figure PCTCN2024128778-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024128778-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024128778-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
A METHOD OF MULTI-BIOMEDICAL MARKERS ASSOCIATION FOR NASOPHARNGEAL CARCINOMA METASTATSES1. FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The present invention further relates to a group of biomedical markers associated with a high likelihood of responsiveness of a subject to a cancer therapy. Furthermore, an assay for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring or prognosticating a medical condition, or for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring or prognosticating the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition is provided, as well as a corresponding method and a kit for classifying a subject and a medical decision support system.2. BACKGROUND
[0002] Although the average 5-year relative survival rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been increased to over 80%in the last decade, the condition for stage IV patients is still lower than 60%. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify the patients who are more likely to develop to stage IV (having metastasis or relapse) after receiving the standard radiation therapy. Applying precise treatment to these patients as early as possible may significantly improve their clinical outcomes.
[0003] On the other hand, molecular markers associated with tumor metastasis cannot be systematically identified using single molecular marker screening methods. There are currently no clinically available molecular markers, relevant kits or assays that can be used to predict metastasis after treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
[0004] Thus, information about how a cancer develops through molecular events could not only be very helpful for diagnostic purposes and allow to improve the clinical outcome in patients with cancer at its earliest stage, while it is still localized and readily treatable, but also allow a clinician to predict more accurately how such a cancer is likely to respond to specific therapeutic treatments. In this way, a regimen based on knowledge of the tumor's sensitivity can be rationally designed. Hence, characterization of a cancer patient in terms of predicting treatment outcome enables the physician to make an informed decision as to a therapeutic regimen with appropriate risk and benefit trade-offs to the patient.
[0005] Although several genes are reported to be differentially regulated in certain cancer types and cancer therapy resistance situations, it is difficult to integrate this information in order to predict a course of events for patients suffering from or being examined for cancer, in particular ovarian cancer, and to assess early therapeutic resistance, in particular a resistance to radiation therapy. There is thus a need for an improved method for providing cancer prognostic information, as well as assays and diagnostic methods based thereon.3.SUMMARY
[0006] The present disclosure relates to the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment, and particularly relates to a set of marker genes for the prognostic assessment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis after radiation therapy. In primary culture and sequencing analysis of tissue samples, a list of genes was found to be significantly upregulated / downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis samples compared to non-metastasis samples; the results of using said genes as a prognostic metastasis marker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were interpreted objectively and with high accuracy. The said gene set can be used to develop a RT-qPCR Kit for in vitro prognostic assessment of NPC metastasis.
[0007] This method provides the advantage of being able to provide predictive information at an early developmental stage of a disease, e.g. a cancer disease, in particular nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases. Furthermore, it allows the assessment of a therapeutic resistance, such as a resistance to radiation therapy. The methodology has successfully been used to identify stratifying genes between resistant and sensitive radiation therapy patients.
[0008] The present disclosure provides a biomedical marker or group of biomedical markers associated with a high likelihood of responsiveness of a subject to a cancer therapy, preferably radiation therapy, wherein said biomedical marker or group of biomedical markers comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or all markers selected from CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9.
[0009] Provided herein is an assay for detecting, diagnosing, graduating, monitoring or prognosticating a medical condition, or for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring or prognosticating the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition, in particular nasopharyngeal cancer,
[0010] Provided herein is a corresponding method for classifying a subject and a medical decision support system.
[0011] In a further aspect the present disclosure relates to an assay for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring or prognosticating a medical condition, or for detecting, diagnosing, monitoring or prognosticating the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition, preferably cancer, more preferably nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis, comprising at least the steps of: (a) testing in a sample obtained from a subject for the expression of a marker or a group of biomedical markers; (b) testing in a control sample for the expression of the same marker, group of markers in (a) ; (c) determining the difference in expression of markers of steps (a) and (b) ; and (d) deciding on the presence or stage of a medical condition or the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition, preferably cancer, more preferably nasopharyngeal cancer, based on the results obtained in step (c) .
[0012] In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a method for classifying a subject comprising: (a) providing a subject's dataset comprising data on gene expression of a stratifying biomedical marker or group of said markers obtained by a method as defined herein above, or as defined in the list or group of biomedical markers described herein above or below; (b) accessing a database comprising database values for a stratifying biomedical marker or group of said markers as defined herein above, or as defined in the list or group of biomedical markers described herein above or below; and (c) calculating a subject's classification score based on the difference between database between the results of step (a) and (b) .
[0013] In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a medical decision support system comprising: an input for providing a subject dataset comprising data on gene expression of a stratifying biomedical marker or group of said markers obtained by a method as defined herein above, or as defined in the list or group of biomedical markers described herein above; a computer program product for enabling a processor to carry out the method for classifying a subject comprising as define above; and an output for outputting the subject classification score.
[0014] The term "predictive value for a medical condition" refers to a value allowing the assessment of a medical condition or the development of said medical condition in the future, e.g. within a defined time frame of 1 to 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 years or more years or any other period of time. The term also includes all situations associated with said medical condition, e.g. treatment results, responsiveness to treatments, development of resistance etc.
[0015] In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a composition for in vivo or in vitro diagnosing, detecting, monitoring or prognosticating a disease, e.g. cancer, e.g., nasopharyngeal cancer, or for diagnosing, detecting, monitoring or prognosticating the likelihood of responsiveness of a subject to a cancer therapy. In one embodiment, the therapy is against nasopharyngeal cancer. In one embodiment, the therapy is radiation therapy. Such a composition may alternatively or additionally comprise an antibody against any of the above mentioned markers. In one embodiment a nucleic acid affinity ligand or peptide affinity ligand is modified to function as an imaging contrast agent.
[0016] In one embodiment, provided is a method of identifying a subject for eligibility for a cancer disease therapy comprising: (a) testing in a sample obtained from subject for a parameter associated with a marker or group of markers as indicated herein above; (b) classifying the levels of tested parameters; and (c) identifying the individual as eligible to receive a cancer therapy wherein the subject's sample is classified as having an increased expression of one or more of the above mentioned markers.
[0017] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an assay for detecting, diagnosing, graduating, monitoring or prognosticating a medical condition, such as cancer, such as nasopharyngeal cancer, comprising at least the steps of: (a) testing in a sample obtained from a subject for the expression of a stratifying biomedical markers or group of said markers obtained according to the above described method; alternatively, the testing may be carried out with a marker or group of markers as defined herein above; (b) determining the difference in expression of markers of steps (a) and (b) ; and (c) deciding on the presence or stage of medical condition or the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition, based on the results obtained in step (b) .
[0018] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an assay for detecting, diagnosing, graduating, monitoring or prognosticating the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition, such as cancer, more preferably nasopharyngeal cancer, such as the responsiveness of a subject to a radiation therapy, comprising at least the steps of: (a) testing in a sample obtained from a subject for the expression of a stratifying biomedical markers or group of said markers obtained according to the above described method; (b) testing in a control sample for the expression of the same marker, group of markers as in (a) ; (c) determining the difference in expression of markers of steps (a) and (b) ; and (d) deciding on the presence or stage of medical condition or the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition, preferably cancer, such as nasopharyngeal cancer, based on the results obtained in step (c) .
[0019] In one embodiment, the expression may be tested by any suitable means known to the person skilled in the art, such as room temperature polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) , RNA sequencing, or gene expression detection on microarrays.
[0020] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a medical decision support system comprising: an input for providing a subject dataset comprising data on gene expression of a stratifying biomedical marker or group of said markers obtained according to the above described method; a computer program product for enabling a processor to carry out the method for classifying a subject as defined above, and an output for outputting the subject classification score.
[0021] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a medical decision support system that is a molecular oncology decision making workstation. The decision-making workstation may be used for deciding on the initiation and / or continuation of a cancer therapy for a subject. In one embodiment, the decision-making workstation is used for deciding on the probability and likelihood of responsiveness to a radiation therapy.
[0022] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of one or more reagents in the preparation of a kit for identifying a subject at risk for a medical condition, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases after radiation therapy, wherein the reagents are used for detecting one or more markers selected from the group consisting of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B, and AGAP9. In a preferred embodiment, the kit further comprises one or more immunomodulatory agents that are used for treating the subject.
[0023] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to the use of one or more reagents in the preparation of a kit for detecting, diagnosing, graduating, monitoring or prognosticating the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against said medical condition, such as cancer, more preferably nasopharyngeal cancer, such as the responsiveness of a subject to a radiation therapy, wherein the reagents are used for detecting one or more markers selected from the group consisting of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9. In a preferred embodiment, the kit further comprises one or more immunomodulatory agents that are used for treating the subject.
[0024] In a more preferred embodiment, the marker described in the above-said methods / assays / composition / kit preparation / medical decision support system comprises at least two, at least three or all of the four markers selected from the group consisting of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9. More preferably, the marker comprises CXCR6; or the marker comprises ASPHD2; or the marker comprises DDX39B; or the marker comprises AGAP9.
[0025] In some embodiments, the at least two of the markers comprise CXCR6 and ASPHD2, or CXCR6 and DDX39B, or CXCR6 and AGAP9, or ASPHD2 and DDX39B, or ASPHD2 and AGAP9, or DDX39B and AGAP9. Additionally, in some embodiments, the at least three of the markers comprise CXCR6, ASPHD2 and DDX39B, or CXCR6, ASPHD2 and AGAP9, or ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9.
[0026] 4.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 Marker Selection. The 4 genes involved in the patent have significantly different expression levels in samples with and without metastasis after treatment in 29 samples in each of the 2 regions (totaling 58 cases) . A. CXCR6-is down-regulated in metastasis cases. B. ASPHD2 is down-regulated in metastasis cases. C. DDX39B is up-regulated in metastasis cases. D. AGAP9 is up-regulated in metastasis cases.
[0027] FIG. 2 Assessment of Prediction Accuracy. The prediction method described in the patent achieves AUC>79%in RNA-Seq based test and AUC>93%in q-PCR based test (using HPRT1 as house-keeping gene) . A. Validation in Cohort 2 RNA-Seq (46 cases) ROC curve with Pointwise Confidence Interval. B. Validation in Cohort q-PCR (10 cases) ROC curve with Pointwise Confidence Interval. C. Validation in Cohort 2 RNA-Seq (46 cases) . D. Validation in Cohort 2 q-PCR (10 cases) .
[0028] FIG. 3 Corresponding score-probability conversion graph.
[0029] FIG. 4 ROC curves of individual markers from q-PCR trials. The AUC for individual markers is calculated according to the Cohort 2 q-PCR validation data (10 cases) . A. The down-regulated marker CXCR6 achieves AUC=80%. B. The down-regulated marker ASPHD2 achieves AUC=76%. C. The up-regulated marker DDX39B achieves AUC=62.5%. D. The up-regulated marker AGAP9 achieves AUC=56.3%.
[0030] FIG. 5A-FIG. 5F. Amino acid sequence of the markers. A. CXCR6. B. ASPHD2. C. DDX39B. D. AGAP9. E. HPRT1. F. Primer sequences for PCR for each marker.
[0031] 4.1 DEFINITIONS
[0032] As used herein, the terms “patient” or “subject” are used interchangeably and mean a mammal, including, but not limited to, a human or non-human mammal, such as a bovine, equine, canine, ovine, or feline. Preferably, the patient is a human.
[0033] As used herein, the terms “reduce or inhibit or decrease” refer to the ability to cause an overall decrease of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or greater. Reduce or inhibit can refer to the symptoms of the disorder being treated, the presence or size of metastases, or the size of the primary tumor.
[0034] As used herein, the phrases "treating cancer" and "treatment of cancer" and “treatment of tumors” mean to decrease, reduce, or inhibit the replication of cancer cells; decrease, reduce or inhibit the spread (formation of metastases) of cancer; decrease tumor size; decrease the number of tumors (i.e. reduce tumor burden) ; lessen or reduce the number of cancerous cells in the body; prevent recurrence of cancer after surgical removal or other anti-cancer therapies; or ameliorate or alleviate the symptoms of the disease caused by the cancer.
[0035] As used herein, the expressions “cell, ” “cell line, ” and “cell culture” are used interchangeably and all such designations include progeny. In particular, by progeny is also intended cell clones obtained by limit dilution of the cell lines of the invention. As certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to mutation or environmental influences, or clonal selection, such progeny may not be identical to the parent cell, but is still included within the scope of the term as used herein.
[0036] “Treating” or “treatment” of a state, disorder or condition includes:
[0037] (1) preventing or delaying the appearance of clinical symptoms of the state, disorder, or condition developing in a person who may be afflicted with or predisposed to the state, disorder or condition but does not yet experience or display clinical symptoms of the state, disorder or condition; or
[0038] (2) inhibiting the state, disorder or condition, i.e., arresting, reducing or delaying the development of the disease or a relapse thereof (in case of maintenance treatment) or at least one clinical symptom, sign, or test, thereof; or
[0039] (3) relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the state, disorder or condition or at least one of its clinical or sub-clinical symptoms or signs.
[0040] The benefit to a subject to be treated is either statistically significant or at least perceptible to the patient or to the physician.
[0041] A “prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired prophylactic result. Typically, since a prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease, the prophylactically effective amount will be less than the therapeutically effective amount.
[0042] Acceptable excipients, diluents, and carriers for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical art, and are described, for example, in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Lippincott Williams &Wilkins (A. R. Gennaro edit. 2005) . The choice of pharmaceutical excipient, diluent, and carrier can be selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
[0043] A “therapeutically effective amount” means the amount of a compound that, when administered to an animal for treating a state, disorder or condition, is sufficient to effect such treatment. The “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the disease and its severity and the age, weight, physical condition and responsiveness of the animal to be treated.
[0044] The compositions of the invention may include a “therapeutically effective amount” or a “prophylactically effective amount” of a compound described herein. A “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic result. A therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or antibody portion may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the antibody or antibody portion to elicit a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the compound are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. A “prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired prophylactic result. Typically, since a prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease, the prophylactically effective amount will be less than the therapeutically effective amount.
[0045] The terms “screen” and “screening” and the like as used herein means to test a subject or patient to determine if they have a particular illness or disease, or a particular manifestation of an illness or disease. The term also means to test an agent to determine if it has a particular action or efficacy.
[0046] The terms “identification” , “identify” , “identifying” and the like as used herein means to recognize a disease state or a clinical manifestation or severity of a disease state in a subject or patient. The term also is used in relation to test agents and their ability to have a particular action or efficacy.
[0047] The terms “prediction” , “predict” , “predicting” and the like as used herein means to tell in advance based upon special knowledge.
[0048] The terms “prevent” , “prevention” , and the like refer to acting prior to overt disease onset, to prevent the disease from developing or minimize the extent of the disease or slow its course of development.
[0049] The term “agent” as used herein means a substance that produces or is capable of producing an effect and would include, but is not limited to, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biologics, small organic molecules, antibodies, nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins.
[0050] The term “about” or “approximately” means within an acceptable error range for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, i.e., the limitations of the measurement system, i.e., the degree of precision required for a particular purpose, such as a pharmaceutical formulation. For example, “about” can mean within 1 or more than 1 standard deviations, per the practice in the art. Alternatively, “about” can mean a range of up to 20%, preferably up to 10%, more preferably up to 5%, and more preferably still up to 1%of a given value. Alternatively, particularly with respect to biological systems or processes, the term can mean within an order of magnitude, preferably within 5-fold, and more preferably within 2-fold, of a value. Where particular values are described in the application and claims, unless otherwise stated, the term “about” meaning within an acceptable error range for the particular value should be assumed.5.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] In certain embodiments, the present invention also provides methods for stratifying subjects prior to treatment and / or monitoring subjects for their responses to treatment, e.g, administration of agents, both oral and topical, life-style alterations such as diet and exercise, and non-traditional treatment such as acupuncture. This is useful in both patient care as well as clinical trials.
[0052] In certain embodiments, the methods comprise obtaining the expression of at least one gene in at least one gene signature, or the corresponding protein level, in a subject prior to any treatment. In alternative embodiments, the methods comprise obtaining the expression of at least one gene in at least one gene signature (or the corresponding protein) in a normal subject that serves as a reference expression value. After a course of treatment at a particular time period that a person of skill in the art can determine, the measurement of expression of the markers profile or desired gene or genes (or corresponding proteins) is measured, and differential expression or protein level, when compared to the reference (e.g. prior to treatment levels, or control levels) would indicate that the subject has late-stage MDS, or relatively severe MDS. In certain embodiments, the expression of at least one gene in at least one gene signature, or corresponding protein level, would be measured before and after treatment. In an alternative embodiment, more than one gene from each signature, or corresponding protein would be measured.
[0053] The present disclosure also provides a method for determining target genes or proteins for drug development.
[0054] The disclosure also contemplates that the protein products of any of the genes in the gene signatures found for example in datasets and / or described in any of the Tables or Figures herein may have diagnostic value, as well as to serve as potential therapeutic targets for patient monitoring, stratification, or drug development.
[0055] Assays and Methods to Detect Proteins
[0056] In certain embodiments, a sample of biological tissue or bodily fluid from a subject with nasopharyngeal cancer, is obtained.
[0057] In certain embodiments, the sample is tested for protein levels (for protein corollaries of any of the markers as described herein. The protein sample can be obtained from any biological tissue. In certain embodiments, biological tissues include, but are not limited to, biopsies, epidermal, whole blood, and plasma. The protein sample can be obtained from any biological fluid. In certain embodiments, fluids include, but are not limited to, plasma, saliva, and urine. Protein can be isolated and / or purified from the sample using any method known in the art, including but not limited to immunoaffinity chromatography.
[0058] While any method known in the art can be used, preferred methods for detecting and measuring increase levels of the proteins in a protein sample include quantitative Western blot, immunoblot, quantitative mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) , radioimmunoassays (RIA) , immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) , and immunoenzymatic assays (IEMA) and sandwich assays using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
[0059] Antibodies are a method of detecting and measuring target or desired proteins in a sample. Such antibodies are available commercially or can be made by conventional methods known in the art. Such antibodies can be monoclonal or polyclonal and fragments thereof, and immunologic binding equivalents thereof. The term “antibody” means both a homologous molecular entity as well as a mixture, such as a serum product made up of several homologous molecular entities.
[0060] In one embodiment, such antibodies will immunoprecipitate the desired proteins from a solution as well as react with desired / target proteins on a Western blot, immunoblot, ELISA, and other assays listed above.
[0061] Antibodies for use in these assays can be labeled covalently or non-covalently with an agent that provides a detectable signal. Any label and conjugation method known in the art can be used. Labels, include but are not limited to, enzymes, fluorescent agents, radiolabels, substrates, inhibitors, cofactors, magnetic particles, and chemiluminescent agents. A number of fluorescent materials are known and can be utilized as detectable labels. These include, for example, fluorescein, rhodamine, auramine, Texas Red, AMCA blue and Lucifer Yellow. A particular detecting material is anti-rabbit antibody prepared in goats and conjugated with fluorescein through an isothiocyanate. Any desired targets or binding partner (s) can also be labeled with a radioactive element or with an enzyme. The radioactive label can be detected by any of the currently available counting procedures. The preferred isotope may be selected from 3H, 14C, 32P, 35S, 36Cl, 51Cr, 57Co, 58Co, 59Fe, 90Y, 125I, 131I, and 186Re. Enzyme labels are likewise useful, and can be detected by any of the presently utilized colorimetric, spectrophotometric, fluorospectrophotometric, amperometric or gasometric techniques. The enzyme is conjugated to the selected particle by reaction with bridging molecules such as carbodiimides, diisocyanates, glutaraldehyde and the like. Many enzymes which can be used in these procedures are known and can be utilized. In embodiments the enzymes can be are peroxidase, β-glucuronidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-D-galactosidase, urease, glucose oxidase plus peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. U.S. Patent Nos. 3,654,090; 3,850,752; and 4,016,043 are referred to by way of example for their disclosure of alternate labeling material and methods.
[0062] The terms "sample" or "biological sample" as used herein, refers to a sample of biological fluid, tissue, or cells, in a healthy and / or pathological state obtained from a subject. Such samples include, but are not limited to, blood, bronchial lavage fluid, sputum, saliva, urine, amniotic fluid, lymph fluid, tissue or fine needle biopsy samples, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and includes supernatant from cell lysates, lysed cells, cellular extracts, and nuclear extracts. In some embodiments, the whole blood sample is further processed into serum or plasma samples. In some embodiments, the sample includes blood spotting tests.
[0063] Kits
[0064] It is contemplated that all of the assays disclosed herein (e.g. components for determining the markers profile of a sample) can be in kit form for use by a health care provider and / or a diagnostic laboratory.
[0065] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides for a kit comprising one or more probes and / or antibodies for detecting expression levels of one or more markers as described herein.
[0066] Assays for the detection and quantitation of one or more of the markers signatures profiles can be incorporated into kits. Such kits may include probes for one or more of the genes from one or more signatures, as described herein, reagents for isolating and purifying nucleic acids from biological tissue or bodily fluid, reagents for performing assays on the isolated and purified nucleic acid, instructions for use, and reference values or the means for obtaining reference values in a control sample for the included genes.
[0067] A preferred kit for patient classification with regard to disease activity and clinical manifestations would include probes for at least one gene from each of the signatures described herein.
[0068] In a further embodiment, the kit would include reagents for testing for markers, for example. Such a kit could include antibodies that recognize the peptide of interest, reagents for isolating and / or purifying protein from a biological tissue or bodily fluid, reagents for performing assays on the isolated and purified protein, instructions for use, and reference values or the means for obtaining reference values for the quantity or level of peptides in a control sample.
[0069] A preferred kit for monitoring or use to disease activity would include probes from at least one gene from each of the markers signatures described herein. Such a kit could include antibodies that recognize the peptide of interest, reagents for isolating and / or purifying protein from a biological tissue or bodily fluid, reagents for performing assays on the isolated and purified protein, instructions for use, and reference values or the means for obtaining reference values for the quantity or level of peptides in a control sample.
[0070] In one embodiment, the kit for diagnosing or prognosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, would include probes for at least one gene from each of the determinative signatures, such as any combination of markers as described herein, or corresponding protein.
[0071] In one embodiment, the kits would have the probes attached to a solid state. Another embodiment would have the probes in a microarray format wherein nucleic acid probes for one or more of the genes from one or more of the gene signatures would be in an ordered arrangement on a surface or substrate.
[0072] In a further embodiment, commercial test kits suitable for use by a medical specialist may be prepared to determine the presence or amount of a desired gene or protein activity, expression or signature gene amplification in suspected cancer cells or biopsy or tumor samples. One class of such kits will contain at least the labeled target or its binding partner, for instance an antibody specific thereto, and directions, of course, depending upon the method selected, e.g., "competitive, " "sandwich, " "DASP" and the like. The kits may also contain peripheral reagents such as buffers, stabilizers, etc. In embodiments the kits comprise one or more PCR primers described herein.
[0073] Accordingly, a test kit may be prepared for the determination and quantitation of a desired target or protein in cells or a cellular or biopsy sample, comprising:
[0074] (a) a predetermined amount of at least one labeled immunochemically reactive component obtained by the direct or indirect attachment of the target or a specific binding partner thereto, to a detectable label;
[0075] (b) other reagents; and
[0076] (c) directions for use of said kit.
[0077] More specifically, the diagnostic test kit may comprise:
[0078] (a) a known amount of the target as described above (or a binding partner) generally bound to a solid phase to form an immunosorbent, or in the alternative, bound to a suitable tag, or plural such end products, etc. (or their binding partners) one of each;
[0079] (b) if necessary, other reagents; and
[0080] (c) directions for use of said test kit.
[0081] In a further variation, the test kit may be prepared and used for the purposes stated above, and comprises:
[0082] (a) a labeled component which has been obtained by coupling the target to a detectable label;
[0083] (b) one or more additional immunochemical reagents of which at least one reagent is a ligand or an immobilized ligand, which ligand is selected from the group consisting of:
[0084] (i) a ligand capable of binding with the labeled component (a) ;
[0085] (ii) a ligand capable of binding with a binding partner of the labeled component (a) ;
[0086] (iii) a ligand capable of binding with at least one of the component (s) to be determined; and
[0087] (iv) a ligand capable of binding with at least one of the binding partners of at least one of the component (s) to be determined; and
[0088] (c) directions for the performance of a protocol for the detection and / or determination of one or more components of an immunochemical reaction between the target and a specific binding partner thereto.
[0089] Provided herein is an assay system for screening potential drugs effective to modulate the activity or expression of the target or gene signature may be prepared and is provided. The target may be introduced into a test system, and the prospective drug may also be introduced into the resulting cell culture, and the culture thereafter examined to observe any changes in the target activity of the cells, or in the proliferation or division of the cells, due either to the addition of the prospective drug alone, or due to the effect of added quantities of the known target.
[0090] As referenced herein “target” can include any of the following: any of the genes (including any single or combinations) of the markers as described herein, any corresponding protein of these genes; alone or in combination with one or more hematologic cancer markers.
[0091] Molecular biology
[0092] In accordance with the present disclosure, there may be numerous tools and techniques within the skill of the art, such as those commonly used in molecular immunology, cellular immunology, pharmacology, and microbiology. See, e.g., Sambrook et al. (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Ausubel et al. eds. (2005) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, N.J.; Bonifacino et al. eds. (2005) Current Protocols in Cell Biology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, N.J.; Coligan et al. eds. (2005) Current Protocols in Immunology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, N.J.; Coico et al. eds. (2005) Current Protocols in Microbiology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, N.J.; Coligan et al. eds. (2005) Current Protocols in Protein Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, N.J.; and Enna et al. eds. (2005) Current Protocols in Pharmacology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, N.J.
[0093] The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of this invention and the specific context where each term is used. Certain terms are discussed below, or elsewhere in the specification, to provide additional guidance to the practitioner in describing the methods of the invention and how to use them. Moreover, it will be appreciated that the same thing can be said in more than one way. Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, nor is any special significance to be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of the other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in the specification, including examples of any terms discussed herein, is illustrative only, and in no way limits the scope and meaning of the invention or any exemplified term. Likewise, the invention is not limited to its preferred embodiments.
[0094] This invention will be better understood from the Experimental Details, which follow. However, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific methods and results discussed are merely illustrative of the invention as described more fully in the claims that follow thereafter.
[0095] 6.EXAMPLES
[0096] 175 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients from 2 regions / cohorts from hospitals in southern China (cohort 1: Guangzhou; cohort 2: Hong Kong) . 29 from each for marker selection, 71 from cohort 1 for estimating the scoring vector, and 46 from cohort 2 for accuracy validation. In both hospitals, NPC patients were randomly selected from the database who had 5 years of clinical follow-up after receiving their first radiation therapy for NPC. The control group corresponds to the patients who do not develop metastasis in 5 years after radiation therapy.
[0097] (i) marker selection
[0098] 1) Collect the normalized gene read counts of 29 samples from each cohort;
[0099] 2) Perform within-cohort differential expression (DE) analysis according to metastasis conditions within 5 years after receiving radiation therapy;
[0100] 3) Filter the coding genes that show significant changes in expression level fold change between metastasis / non-metastasis cases (absolute log2 fold change >=0.5) and same direction in both cohorts;
[0101] 4) For the filtered genes, perform Lasso analysis on each cohort individually with 5-15 non-zero coefficients;
[0102] 5) Select the genes that appear with non-zero coefficients at least 10 times in total in both cohorts (19 genes) ;
[0103] 6) Perform q-PCR on 10 samples with the 19 marker genes and 4 commonly adopted housekeeping genes (reference genes) , total of 23 genes;
[0104] 7) Filter out the gene primers that did not pass the quality check (too low sensitivity with quantification cycle Cq > 30 in all samples) ;
[0105] 8) Find the gene markers with top-4 correlations to metastasis conditions after correcting with the reference gene.
[0106] (ii) assessment of prediction accuracy
[0107] 1) Assessment with RNA sequencing results:
[0108] Generate the scoring vector using the cohort 1 samples that are not used for marker selection (100-29=71 samples) with the ANOVA algorithm. And then use the cohort 2 samples (75-29=46 samples) to generate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculate the AUC.
[0109] 2) Assessment with q-PCR sequencing results:
[0110] Generate the scoring vector using the cohort 1 samples that are not used for marker selection (100-29=71 samples) with the ANOVA algorithm. Then, use the q-PCR results from 10 of the cohort 2 samples not used for marker selection to generate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculate the AUC of marker combination and AUC of individual markers.
[0111] Procedure for the test assay;
[0112] 1) Extract RNA from biopsy samples as described in "Preparation of RNA. docx" .
[0113] 2) Perform q-PCR on the RNA samples using the primer sets of the 5 genes (4 marker genes CXCR6 / ASPHD2 / DDX39B / AGAP9 and 1 housekeeping gene HPRT1) . 40 cycles at melting temperature (Tm) =53℃.
[0114] 3) Calculate the linear expression level for each marker gene with the housekeeping gene as follows: XCq= [CXCR6 ASPHD2 DDX39B AGAP9] Cq
[0115] 4) Calculate the score using the linear expression level and the score vector: score=Xlinear*V+C
[0116] 5) Calculate the probability of metastasis with the score-probability conversion table / graph.
[0117] Components for the test kit;
[0118] (i) The proposed test kit contains the forward and reverse primers of 4 marker genes and 1 housekeeping gene.
[0119] (i) Optionally, Green qPCR ReadyMix can be included if the user does not have similar reagents.
[0120] Example for scoring vector;
[0121] The vector V and bias constant C: score=Xlinear*V+C V=[-2.716 -16.295 0.186 6.226] T C=1.018
[0122] Corresponding score-probability conversion table:
[0123] The developed toolkit and scoring vector led to 79.24%AUC in RNA-seq data, and 93.75%AUC in q-PCR. Such accuracy can already provide a valuable reference in clinical practice.
[0124] Corresponding score-probability conversion graph-See FIG. 3
[0125] Example of markers from the present disclosure:
[0126] Example of threshold for Markers:
[0127] Wherein:
[0128] , and X refers to the four marker genes.
[0129] Treatment methods for nasopharyngeal cancer after diagnosis with the present method If a patient has a higher risk of metastasis, the physician may take a more aggressive approach to treatment, such as adding induction chemotherapy, extending the course of induction chemotherapy, changing from a two-drug regimen (e.g., gemcitabine + cisplatin, GP) to a three-drug regimen (docetaxel + cisplatin + fluorouracil, TPF) , concurrent chemotherapy, or adjuvant chemotherapy, etc.
[0130] Materials and methods
[0131] Preparation of RNA-Seq Library
[0132] The RNA was extracted from the cells using All Prep DNA / RNA Kit (Qiagen) . The purity and integrity of RNA were examined using Qubit and bioanalyzer. Pair-end RNA libraries were prepared and sequenced by Novogene, following the manufacturer’s protocol.
[0133] Quality Control and Analysis of Bulk RNA-Seq Data
[0134] The quality of the raw reads was examined using FastQC (v0.11.8) . RSeQC1 (v2.6.4) and Picard (v2.17.4) were used to investigate the alignment quality and the strand-specificity of the RNA-Seq libraries. All samples had a mapping rate of least 95%. STAR (v2.7.5c) 2 was utilized to align the reads onto the reference genome using default parameters. The reference genome was integrated from the human genome (hg38) and the EBV genome (NC_007065) . The genome annotation files (GTF) for human genome and EBV genome were downloaded from GENCODE3 (v27) and GeneBank respectively. HTSeq4 (v0.9.1) was utilized for quantifying read counts at the gene-level in intersection-nonempty mode. Library normalization and differential gene expression analysis were performed using DESeq25 (v1.30.1) . Variance-stabilizing transformation (VST) was used to normalize counts for accounting library size differences and visualization.
[0135] Statistical analysis
[0136] The bulk RNA sequencing results of the samples were obtained to calculate the read count of genes. The read count is normalized using the median of ratios method in DEseq2 before further analysis. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were analyzed for differential expression of Over 29,000 genes, using the R toolkit DESeq2. Marker genes were identified by Wald test and corrected for batch effect of relapse condition.
[0137] Exemplary products, systems and methods are set out in the following items:
[0138] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the disclosure that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the relevant art (s) (including the contents of the documents cited and incorporated by reference herein) , readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present disclosure. Such adaptations and modifications are therefore intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance presented herein, in combination with the knowledge of one skilled in the relevant art (s) .
[0139] While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of examples, and not limitation. It would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art (s) that various changes in form and detail could be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
[0140] All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
[0141] REFERENCES
[0142] 1. Wang L, Wang S, Li W. RSeQC: quality control of RNA-seq experiments.
[0143] Bioinformatics 2012; 28 (16) : 2184-5.
[0144] 2. Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, et al. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics 2013; 29 (1) : 15-21.
[0145] 3. Frankish A, Diekhans M, Ferreira AM, et al. GENCODE reference annotation for the human and mouse genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47 (D1) : D766-D73.
[0146] 4. Anders S, Pyl PT, Huber W. HTSeq--aPython framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. Bioinformatics 2015; 31 (2) : 166-9.
[0147] 5. Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol 2014; 15(12) : 550.
Claims
1.A method for identifying a subject at risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases after radiation therapy comprising: assaying a sample from the subject with nasopharyngeal cancer for one or more markers selected from the group consisting of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9, wherein a decrease in expression of CXCR6 and ASPHD2 and an increase in expression of DDX39B and AGAP9 indicates that the subject is at risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases and an aggressive course of treatment is needed.2.A method for determining severity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases after radiation therapy in a subject, comprising:(a) obtaining a sample from the subject with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,(b) assaying the level of one or more markers CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9 in the sample, and(c) comparing the level of the one or more markers in the sample with the one or more markers in a control sample, wherein the control sample is from a control subject without nasopharyngeal carcinoma or a pool of control subjects without nasopharyngeal carcinoma.3.A method for detecting, diagnosing, graduating, monitoring or prognosticating the responsiveness of a subject to radiation therapy against nasopharyngeal cancer, comprising at least the steps of:(a) testing in a sample obtained from a subject for one or more expression levels of markers consisting essentially of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9;(b) testing in a control sample for the expression levels of the same marker in (a) ;(c) determining the difference in expression of markers of steps (a) and (b) ; and(d) deciding on the responsiveness of a subject to a therapy against nasopharyngeal cancer, based on the results obtained in step (c) .4.A method for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases after radiation therapy in a subject comprising:(a) obtaining a sample from the subject with nasopharyngeal carcinoma;(b) assaying RNA level of one or more markers CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9 in the sample;(c) comparing the RNA level of the one or more markers in the sample with the one or more markers in a control sample, wherein the control sample is from a control subject without nasopharyngeal cancer or a pool of control subjects without nasopharyngeal cancer; and(d) treating the subject with an aggressive course of treatment when the RNA level of the CXCR6 and ASPHD2 markers in the sample are decreased and the RNA level of the DDX39B and AGAP9 are increased as compared with RNA level of corresponding markers in the control sample.5.The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the marker comprises at least two, at least three or all of the four markers selected from the group consisting of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the marker comprises CXCR6.7.The method of any one of claims 5-6, wherein the marker comprises ASPHD2.8.The method of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the marker comprises DDX39B.9.The method of any one of claims 5-8, wherein the marker comprises AGAP9.10.The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the assaying / testing includes detecting one or more expression levels of markers through one or more probes and / or antibodies.11.The method of any one claims of 1-10, wherein the sample is a biopsy sample.12.The method of claim 2 or 3, further comprising the step of treating the patient with an aggressive course of treatment when the level of CXCR6 and ASPHD2 are decreased compared with a control sample and the level of DDX39B and AGAP9 are increased compared with a control sample.13.The method of any one of claims 1, 4, 12, wherein the aggressive course of treatment comprises chemoradiotherapy.14.The method of any one of claims 1, 4, 12, further comprising the step of treating the subject with one or more immunomodulatory agents.15.The method of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the assaying / testing is flow cytometry and / or RNASeq.16.A kit comprising one or more probes and / or antibodies for detecting one or more expression levels of markers consisting essentially of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9.17.The kit of claim 16, wherein the marker comprises at least two, at least three or all of the four markers selected from the group consisting of CXCR6, ASPHD2, DDX39B and AGAP9.18.The kit of claim 17, wherein the marker comprises CXCR6.19.The kit of any one of claims 17-18, wherein the marker comprises ASPHD2.20.The kit of any one of claims 17-19, wherein the marker comprises DDX39B.21.The kit of any one of claims 17-20, wherein the marker comprises AGAP9.22.The kit of any one of claims 16-21, further comprises one or more immunomodulatory agents which are used for treating the subject.
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