Method for modifying a fragrance by applying sound waves

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for modifying a fragrance, comprising a step of applying sound waves to a raw fragrance composition in order to obtain a modified fragrance composition. The invention also relates to a container suitable for implementing the method.

Description

[0001] Process of modifying a perfume by applying sound waves

[0002] Field of invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a method of modifying a perfume by applying sound waves to a raw perfume composition. The invention also relates to a container specifically designed to contain the perfume and carry out the modification method.

[0004] Technical background

[0005] Sonochemistry is the use of sound waves in chemical reactions. Sound waves are used to stimulate chemical reactions by altering local conditions in the reaction medium.

[0006] Acoustic cavitation is one of the key mechanisms of sonochemistry; there are also other effects and mechanisms that occur in the context of sonochemistry.

[0007] Acoustic cavitation, which involves the formation and implosion of gas bubbles in liquid under the influence of sound waves, can create extreme conditions of pressure and temperature that accelerate chemical reactions.

[0008] There are other levers of action of sonochemistry, such as microstreaming (the movement of fluid generated by sound waves), increased diffusion of reactants, fragmentation of particles, formation of free radicals, etc., which contribute to the acceleration of chemical reactions.

[0009] Generally speaking, sonochemistry aims to modify chemical reactions, and in particular to improve their efficiency, by using the effects of sound waves on the reaction medium.

[0010] The books by TJ Mason and M. Vinatoru "Sonochemistry. Fundamentals and Evolution" and "Sonochemistry. Applications and development" (De Gruyter, 2023) provide an overview of the state of the art regarding the implementation and reactivity related to sonication processes in chemistry over the last decades.

[0011] Research has also been conducted on the use of sound waves (and more specifically ultrasonic waves) in food processing. For example, the article "Accelerating aroma formation of raw soy sauce using low intensity sonication" (X. Gao et al., Food Chem., 2020, 329, 127118) describes the use of ultrasound in the manufacture of soy sauce. The aromas of the sauce were improved, particularly through sonication, which generated compounds involved in aroma. The fermentation process was also improved, with analyses demonstrating a reduction in fermentation time of 90 days.

[0012] The article "Application of ultrasound to improve lees aging processes in red wines" (J.M. del Fresno et al., Food Chem., 2018, 261, 157-167) describes the use of ultrasound during the lees aging process of red wines. Sonication modified the chemical composition of the wine, notably by increasing its polysaccharide content. The article "Effect of sonication treatment and maceration time in the extraction of polysaccharide compounds during red wine vinification" (L. Martinez-Lapuente et al., 2021, 26, 4452) also describes the use of ultrasound upstream, on grape must. The authors observed a change in the composition and polysaccharide content of the wine.

[0013] The article "Study of a laboratory-scaled new method for the accelerated continuous aging of wine spirits by applying ultrasound energy" (MJ Delgado-Gonzalez et al., Ultrason. Chem., 2017, 36, 226-235) describes the use of ultrasound for the aging of spirits. The application of ultrasound waves to spirits allowed for better extraction of polyphenols from the barrels and accelerated aging.

[0014] The production of a perfume involves several stages, including maturation (refining the pure concentrate through the action of time) and maceration (refining the raw perfume through the action of time). However, these stages are associated with several challenges:

[0015] - They require a considerable amount of time, up to several months.

[0016] - Macerations generally involve stirring and light heating, while maturations generally require maintenance at a recommended temperature of around 13°C.

[0017] - They present a significant risk on an industrial level given that they require the storage of flammable materials.

[0018] - They require the use of large quantities of raw materials. In summary, the maturation and maceration stages represent constraints in terms of time, energy, industrial safety and resource management for companies in the perfumery sector. There is therefore a need to optimize these stages, in particular by a process reducing the time required to carry them out but also improving their quality and safety on an industrial scale.

[0019] Furthermore, since a perfume is not a stable product over time, the consumer may not have a product of optimal quality when purchasing it, and then after some time of use. There is therefore also a need to be able to offer the consumer a process for obtaining a product of optimal quality upon purchase and a container adapted to this process.

[0020] Summary of the invention

[0021] The invention relates to a method of modifying a perfume, comprising a step of applying sound waves to a raw perfume composition, to obtain a modified perfume composition.

[0022] The application of sound waves can be carried out by means of a sound wave emitter immersed in the raw perfume composition, preferably an ultrasonic nozzle.

[0023] The application of the sound waves may be carried out by means of a sound wave emitter disposed outside a container containing the raw perfume composition, the sound wave emitter preferably being a loudspeaker or a compression driver.

[0024] In embodiments, the sound waves have a frequency of 20 to 24,000 Hz, preferably 20 to 20,000 Hz, preferably 200 to 10,000 Hz, preferably 500 to 5000 Hz and more preferably 700 to 2000 Hz.

[0025] In embodiments, the step of applying the sound waves has a duration ranging from 30 seconds to 24 hours, preferably from 1 minute to 12 hours, preferably from 2 minutes to 6 hours, preferably from 3 minutes to 3 hours.

[0026] In embodiments, the sound waves are emitted at a power of 1 to 500 dB, preferably 5 to 250 dB, preferably 25 to 150 dB.

[0027] In embodiments, the raw perfume composition is stored in a container during the step of applying the sound waves. In embodiments, the volume of perfume composition in the container may be from 10 mL to 1 L, preferably from 30 mL to 500 mL, more preferably from 50 mL to 200 mL.

[0028] In embodiments, the step of applying the sound waves comprises the emission of a single-frequency sinusoidal signal of frequency equal to within ± 10%, preferably within ± 5%, more preferably within ± 2%, more preferably strictly equal, to a resonance frequency of the container and / or to a frequency of a harmonic of the resonance frequency of the container.

[0029] In embodiments, the container is formed from a borosilicate glass, which preferably comprises:

[0030] - silicon dioxide, preferably in a weight content of 68 to 72%;

[0031] - boron sesquioxide, preferably in a weight content of 12 to 15%;

[0032] - optionally, aluminum oxide, preferably in a weight content of 3 to 4%;

[0033] - optionally, sodium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 4 to 5%;

[0034] - optionally, potassium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 2 to 3%;

[0035] - optionally, magnesium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 1 to 2%;

[0036] - optionally, calcium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 2 to 3%;

[0037] - optionally, barium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 1 to 2%;

[0038] - optionally, lanthanum oxide, preferably in a weight content of 0.5 to 1.5%;

[0039] - optionally, phosphorus pentoxide, preferably in a weight content of 0.5 to 1%.

[0040] In embodiments, the container comprises one or more walls having a thickness of 0.2 to 5 mm, preferably 0.5 to 4 mm, more preferably 1 to 2 mm.

[0041] In embodiments, the container comprises a first wall defining a cavity containing the perfume composition; and a second wall surrounding the first wall and separated therefrom by a gap; the gap preferably having a minimum dimension of 2 to 50 mm, more preferably 5 to 30 mm, more preferably 8 to 15 mm.

[0042] In embodiments, the container has an upper end and a lower end, the cavity has an opening and a bottom opposite the opening, the opening being at the upper end of the container, and, preferably:

[0043] - the second wall comprises an essentially cylindrical portion ending in an open rim forming a seat at the lower end of the container; and / or

[0044] - the bottom of the cavity is located at a distance from the lower end of the container; and / or

[0045] - the second wall is connected to the first wall, preferably on a collar of the first wall located in the extension of the opening.

[0046] In embodiments, the container is held fixed on a support during application of the sound waves, the upper end being closer to the support than the lower end, the fixing preferably being effected by the cooperation of a cap of the container with the support.

[0047] The present invention makes it possible to meet the above need. More particularly, it provides a method for modifying a perfume by applying sound waves as well as a container for carrying out said method.

[0048] Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the application of sound waves or sonication, in the process of the invention, creates two phenomena.

[0049] The first is rapid micro-agitation and its results, which allows to accelerate reactions and / or generate new ones within the perfume.

[0050] The second, in the event that the intensity of the treatment is sufficient, creates a cavitation phenomenon within the solvent of the perfume composition, which makes it possible to accelerate the reactions and / or generate new ones within the composition.

[0051] Accelerating reactions can shorten the duration of the maturation and / or maceration stages, and therefore save time, energy and space; while generating new reactions can produce new aromatic molecules and allow the perfume to develop superior olfactory qualities.

[0052] The application of sound waves can accelerate reaction kinetics and / or catalyze reactions that would not occur in the absence of this application, during standard maturation and / or maceration steps. In particular, esterification or transesterification reactions are made possible or accelerated between ethanol (which is generally the solvent of the perfume) and the various aromatic compounds of the perfume, which generally include alcohols, acids and esters. Also, the formation of imines or Schiff bases is possible between carbonyl compounds of the perfume and amines.

[0053] The process can also allow for an improvement in the maturation and / or maceration stages by better homogenization of the perfume via sound waves, which allows for a final product of consistent and superior quality. This is possible thanks to the interaction of sound waves with the organic compounds of the perfume. Indeed, non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen and Van der Waals bonds can be modified, which can change the miscibility of the organic compounds of the perfume.

[0054] The present invention also makes it possible to offer a better experience to the consumer, since it provides a container (such as a bottle) suitable for storing the perfume while allowing the process described above to be implemented directly in it, during packaging, or at the point of sale to provide additional maceration on demand to the consumer. This container can also be offered in larger formats for processing industrial quantities.

[0055] The fragrance modification process and the container specifically adapted to the process allow the consumer to always have a product of optimal quality.

[0056] It should be noted that the container is likely to resonate and act as an emitter, which introduces an important distinction. This results in a larger contact surface, which helps to compensate for the disadvantages associated with excessively localized effects.

[0057] Brief description of the figures

[0058] Figure 1 schematically represents an installation for implementing the method of the invention, according to an embodiment of modification of the perfume.

[0059] Figure 2 schematically represents an external view of a container suitable for implementing the method.

[0060] Figure 3 schematically represents a sectional view of the container 1 of Figure 2. Figure 4 schematically represents the detail of the collar of the container of Figure 2.

[0061] Figure 5 is a photograph of a prototype container having the characteristics of that of Figure 2.

[0062] Detailed description

[0063] The invention is now described in more detail and in a non-limiting manner in the following description.

[0064] All percentages given are by weight unless otherwise stated.

[0065] Raw perfume composition

[0066] A perfume is a complex composition of aromas and essences designed to create a pleasant and distinct odor. A perfume may include a solvent and numerous aromatic molecules. The solvent may be an oil (e.g., sweet almond oil, sesame oil, and / or wheat germ oil). Alternatively and preferably, the solvent may be water and / or alcohol, more preferably water and / or ethanol, and most preferably ethanol substantially free of water. Alternatively, the perfume may be an essential oil or a mixture of essential oils.

[0067] Making a perfume can include the following steps:

[0068] - Obtaining raw materials that may be of natural and / or synthetic origin. Natural raw materials include plant sources. Plant sources include any part of the plant such as roots, wood, bark, leaves, flowers or fruits. Natural raw materials include animal sources and include secretions and waxes. The essences of these natural raw materials are obtained by methods known to those skilled in the art, which include the techniques of: distillation; cold expression; enfleurage; solvent extraction; supercritical CO2 extraction; maceration; infusion; decoction. Synthetic raw materials are chemical compounds derived directly from petrochemicals or obtained by transformation of natural molecules.

[0069] - Blending is the selection and mixing of ingredients / essences by the perfumer to produce a concentrate. - Maturation is a step during which the concentrate rests for a period of time (which can range from, for example, a few days to a few weeks) in a tank, optionally carried out at a controlled temperature, which can be 5 to 25°C, preferably 8 to 18°C, or 10 to 16°C, and for example around 13°C.

[0070] - Solventing (preferably alcoholizing) is the dilution of the concentrate in a solvent and produces a "juice". The concentration of solvent (usually ethanol) varies depending on the nature of the desired final product. When this step is carried out with an alcohol such as ethanol, water may or may not be added to the mixture.

[0071] - Maceration is a step in which the perfume rests in controlled temperature conditions, with possible stirring, for a period that can range from several days to several months.

[0072] - Glazing is the step in which the perfume is cooled to a temperature which can be for example 0 to 2°C in order to precipitate the less soluble compounds (waxes in particular) which are then filtered.

[0073] - The addition of additives is possible and may include the addition of fixatives, emulsifiers, viscosity agents, colorants, sunscreens, stabilizers and / or antioxidants (such as vitamin E). This addition of additives may be carried out at the stage of manufacturing the concentrate, or before maturation, or at the end of maturation, or at the stage of dilution of the concentrate, or before maceration, or at the end of maceration, or before glazing, or at the end of glazing.

[0074] - Bottling is the packaging of the perfume in the final container intended for the consumer.

[0075] In the present invention, the term "raw perfume composition" refers to the composition which is subjected to the modification process.

[0076] The raw perfume composition can be in particular:

[0077] - A concentrate obtained directly after blending the ingredients and essences. In this case, the process of the invention can allow all or part of the maturation step of the concentrate to be carried out. - A juice obtained by diluting a concentrate in a solvent. In this case, the process of the invention can allow all or part of the maceration step of the juice to be carried out.

[0078] - A perfume obtained at the end of all the steps described above, including bottling (in other words, the process is then carried out on the perfume in its bottle).

[0079] The raw perfume composition may in particular comprise a content of 0.1 to 100% of concentrate, or of 0.5 to 80% of concentrate, preferably of 1 to 65% of concentrate and even more preferably of 2.5 to 50% of concentrate. The concentrate content may in particular be 1 to 3% (in particular if the composition is an eau fraiche), or 3 to 6% (in particular if the composition is an eau de Cologne), or 5 to 15% (in particular if the composition is an eau de toilette), or 15 to 20% (in particular if the composition is an eau de parfum), or 15 to 50% (in particular if the composition is a perfume or perfume extract). The concentrate content may alternatively be 50 to 100%, in particular when the composition is an attar, that is to say an alcohol-free perfume originating from India and the Middle East.

[0080] The raw perfume composition may comprise, for example, a content of 0.1 to 99.5% of alcohol solvent, preferably ethanol. This content may be in particular 50 to 98%, preferably 60 to 95%, and more preferably 70 to 92%.

[0081] The perfume composition may comprise additives as described above, in a total content which is preferably less than or equal to 2%, or 1%, or 0.5%, or 0.1%.

[0082] The raw perfume composition may be an eau fraiche, eau de cologne, eau de toilette, eau de parfum, perfume, parfum extract or attar; or a concentrate or juice for eau fraiche, eau de cologne, eau de toilette, eau de parfum, perfume or parfum extract.

[0083] Preferably, the raw perfume composition is free of molecular sieves. Preferably, the raw perfume composition is free of dehydrating agents, including molecular sieves.

[0084] Modification process

[0085] The method according to the invention is a method for modifying a perfume comprising a step of applying sound waves to a raw perfume composition. After applying the sound waves for a certain period of time, a modified perfume composition is obtained, i.e. a perfume composition whose physicochemical composition is different from that of the raw perfume composition. In particular, the olfactory properties of the composition are preferably modified in a perceptible manner.

[0086] The modification of the perfume composition can be demonstrated either by a comparative evaluation of the olfactory properties of the raw perfume composition and the modified perfume composition by a panel; or by an analysis of the composition by conventional techniques, which may include, for example, physical analysis techniques making it possible, for example, to demonstrate the stability of the composition (in particular with regard to phase separation phenomena), or chemical analysis techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance, or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

[0087] Preferably, the molecular interactions, and more particularly the non-covalent bonds between the perfume molecules, are modified by the process. Hydrogen bonds can be modified during the process, in particular by being broken, created or added for molecules already in bond. The process can also modify the Van der Waals interactions. The modification of these non-covalent bonds can lead to changes in the physicochemical properties, including the solubility, miscibility and volatility of the compounds, thus contributing to the modification of the olfactory properties of the composition. The less soluble compounds, such as musks or resins, can thus be better solubilized at the end of the process. The process can also contribute to improving the homogeneity of the perfume composition by ensuring a uniform distribution and concentration of the molecules within the mixture, making it possible to prevent phase separation.

[0088] Furthermore, various chemical reactions can be promoted by this process, notably due to the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation induced by sound waves. Acoustic cavitation is the phenomenon by which the wave propagates through a solvent, generating cavitation bubbles. These cavitation bubbles grow to a critical size beyond which they implode, creating hot spots with extreme pressure and temperature conditions (up to 4500 to 5000 °C and 1700 atm). This implosion provides the energy necessary for certain chemical reactions. The chemical reactions promoted by acoustic cavitation during the process may include esterification reactions (including transesterification) and / or the formation of imines or Schiff bases. These reactions can contribute to improving the olfactory profile of the perfume.The transesterification and esterification reactions take place between the alcohols in the raw perfume composition, namely the solvent (preferably ethanol) or alcohols included in the perfume composition, carboxylic acids included in the perfume composition and esters included in the perfume composition.

[0089] With respect to the formation of imines (Schiff bases), the reaction occurs between a carbonyl compound included in the perfume composition and a primary amine included in the perfume composition. The primary amines involved in this reaction may include ammonia, ethylamine, or aniline. The carbonyl compounds may be aldehydes or ketones.

[0090] Sound waves or sounds are a mechanical vibration of a fluid that propagate in the form of longitudinal waves thanks to the elastic deformation of this fluid. Sound waves are characterized by an acoustic intensity in W.rrr 2 or in decibels dB and sound pressure in N.rrr 2 . Acoustic intensity is the power carried by sound waves, per unit area, measured perpendicular to the direction of this transfer. Acoustic pressure is the effective value, over a given time interval, of the amplitude of the rapid variation in atmospheric pressure which causes a sound impression. Acoustic pressure is measured with a sound level meter.

[0091] Sound waves are characterized by a frequency in hertz Hz. In the context of the invention, "sound waves" means both waves having an audible frequency and waves not having an audible frequency, for example infrasound, ultrasound, or hypersound.

[0092] Audible sound waves have a frequency that can range from 20 to 20,000 Hz. Infrasound has a frequency that can be lower than 20 Hz, ultrasound can have a frequency from 20,000 Hz to 1 GHz, and hypersound can have a frequency higher than 1 GHz.

[0093] In some embodiments, the sound waves are said to be audible and are emitted at a frequency of 20 to 24,000 Hz, preferably 20 to 20,000 Hz, preferably 200 to 10,000 Hz, preferably 500 to 5,000 Hz and more preferably 700 to 2,000 Hz. In other embodiments, in particular when the sound wave emitter is immersed, the sound waves preferably have a frequency of 10,000 to 24,000 Hz, preferably 16,000 to 18,000 Hz. In some embodiments, the sound waves are so-called low-frequency ultrasounds, i.e. having a frequency of 20 kHz to 100 kHz. The use of these low-frequency ultrasounds can achieve intense cavitation to mix, emulsify, and promote certain chemical reactions.

[0094] In some embodiments, the sound waves are so-called mid-frequency ultrasound, i.e., having a frequency of 100 kHz to 500 kHz. The use of such mid-frequency ultrasound can provide similar advantages to low-frequency ultrasound, with the mid-frequency range being versatile for various sonochemical reactions.

[0095] In some embodiments, the sound waves are so-called high-frequency ultrasound, i.e., having a frequency of 500 kHz to 1 MHz. High-frequency ultrasound can be suitable for fine emulsification, formation of nanoemulsions and delicate processes.

[0096] Generally speaking, the use of ultrasound may be preferred for processing large volumes of raw perfume composition (greater than 1 L, or even greater than 100 L for example).

[0097] Sound waves may correspond to a single-frequency sinusoidal signal. The frequency may be essentially constant, or vary over time. Alternatively, sound waves may correspond to a superposition of two or more sinusoidal signals of different frequencies. Again, the frequencies of these signals may be essentially constant, or vary over time. Alternatively, sound waves may correspond to a complex signal, for example, a musical signal.

[0098] Alternatively, the application of the sound waves may comprise a succession in time of different signals, for example several single-frequency sinusoidal signals with frequency change. For example, it is possible to apply a first sinusoidal signal of frequency f (for example 1200 Hz), then a second sinusoidal signal of frequency 2f (for example 2400 Hz), possibly a third sinusoidal signal of frequency 3f (for example 3600 Hz), if necessary up to a N èmesinusoidal signal of frequency N x f (N can be a number ranging for example from 2 to 5). It is also possible to use a different order of application of these signals, or to alternate these sinusoidal signals (for example alternating signals of frequencies f and 2f, or alternating signals of frequencies f, 2f and 3f, etc.). This can be particularly advantageous for applying sound waves at a resonant frequency of the container and at harmonics of this resonant frequency, as described in more detail below.

[0099] The sound waves can be emitted with an acoustic power or intensity of 0.5 to 1000 dB, preferably 1 to 500 dB, preferably 5 to 250 dB, preferably 25 to 150 dB.

[0100] The application of sound waves can be done by means of a sound wave transmitter. A "sound wave transmitter" is understood to mean any means allowing the generation, diffusion or amplification of sound waves. The sound wave transmitter can be, in particular, a loudspeaker, or a compression driver or a nozzle, in particular an ultrasonic nozzle.

[0101] The sound wave emitter may be placed inside or outside the container containing the raw perfume composition to be modified. If the emitter is placed inside the container, then it may be immersed in the raw perfume composition; preferably the emitter used for this embodiment is an ultrasonic nozzle. The sound wave emitter may also be placed outside the container; preferably the emitter used for this embodiment is a loudspeaker or a compression driver.

[0102] Sound wave emitters can be combined for simultaneous use. For example, an ultrasonic nozzle can be used at the same time as a compression driver. It is also possible to combine several speakers, or several compression drivers, arranged around the container; or to combine several nozzles immersed in the composition.

[0103] In some embodiments, the sound waves are emitted by multiple emitters simultaneously toward the same raw perfume composition; for example, multiple emitters disposed outside a container may simultaneously emit sound waves toward that container. In particular, the emitters may emit single-frequency sinusoidal signals having a different frequency, including a sinusoidal signal having a frequency f and one or more sinusoidal signals of a frequency multiple of f, as described above.

[0104] The process is preferably carried out hermetically, the container being kept sealed during the application of the sound waves.

[0105] Figure 1 shows an example of an installation for implementing the method with application of sound waves outside the container. In this installation, both the container 1 and the transmitter 2 are fixed on the same support 3. The transmitter 2 is oriented in such a way that the sound waves it emits are directed towards the container 1.

[0106] Preferably, and as illustrated, the container 1 is provided with a stopper 4, and the container 1 can be held upside down on the support 3, i.e. the stopper 4 facing downwards. This position is advantageous for allowing the container 1 to enter into resonance when the sound waves are applied. For example, the container 1 can be fixed to the support 3 by the stopper 4. The support 3 can be provided with a notch having a shape complementary to that of the stopper 4 in order to allow this fixing.

[0107] Several containers can be placed on the same support. In particular, the support can be provided with several notches to receive the containers.

[0108] One or more transmitters can be associated with the support.

[0109] The container used may contain any volume of perfume composition, for example from 10 mL to 50,000 L. The container may, for example, be a tank, containing a volume of perfume composition which may be in particular from 100 L to 50,000 L, preferably from 200 L to 10,000 L, more preferably from 300 L to 1,000 L. In this case, the application of the sound waves is preferably carried out directly inside the tank. Alternatively, the container may be a receptacle containing a volume of perfume composition which may be in particular from 10 mL to 1 L, preferably from 30 mL to 500 mL, more preferably from 50 mL to 200 mL. Such a container may be a final packaging bottle for the perfume. In this case, the application of the sound waves is preferably carried out from outside the container, and for example using an installation such as described above in Figure 1.Alternatively, the container may be of an intermediate size, containing a volume of perfume composition ranging in particular from 500 mL to 500 L, preferably from 1 L to 200 L, more preferably from 10 L to 100 L. It may in particular be a drum or can. In this case, the application of the sound waves is preferably carried out directly inside the container.

[0110] When a sound wave emitter is positioned outside the container, it may for example be placed at a distance of 0.5 cm to 1 m, preferably 1 cm to 50 cm, more preferably 2 cm to 20 cm.

[0111] The duration of the sound wave application step varies depending on the specific formulation and the desired objectives, and may extend over several hours or a few minutes. For example, the sound waves are applied for a duration of 30 seconds to 24 hours, preferably 1 minute to 12 hours, preferably 2 minutes to 6 hours, preferably 3 minutes to 3 hours, and more preferably 15 minutes to 2 hours.

[0112] Preferably, and in particular when the sound waves are emitted from outside the container, the container may vibrate under the effect of the sound waves. In particular, the container may enter into resonance.

[0113] Preferably, the sound waves are emitted at a frequency (in the case of a sinusoidal signal), or comprise a component in the frequency spectrum having a frequency (in the case of a non-sinusoidal signal), which is equal to within ± 10%, more preferably equal to within ± 5%, more preferably equal to within ± 2%, and more preferably strictly equal, to a resonance frequency of the container.

[0114] A resonant frequency of the container can be determined by subjecting the container to sound waves corresponding to a sinusoidal signal, by varying the frequency of the sinusoidal signal. When the container is observed to have a local maximum in the intensity of the container vibrations, the corresponding frequency is a resonant frequency.

[0115] A container has one or more resonance frequencies which depend on its geometric characteristics and its composition.

[0116] In some embodiments, the sound waves are emitted at a frequency approximately equal (as described above) to a resonance frequency as defined above, called fundamental, as well as at one or more frequencies equal or approximately equal (according to the definition set out above) to harmonics, i.e., frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental resonance frequency. The emission of the sound waves at the fundamental resonance frequency and at one or more harmonics may be carried out as described above, in particular by succession or alternation of single-frequency sinusoidal signals. These embodiments may make it possible to optimize the transmission of acoustic energy to the perfume composition.

[0117] In some embodiments, the container enters into sympathetic resonance during the application of the sound waves. That is, the container vibrates with a frequency equal to or approximately equal to the frequency or a frequency component of the applied sound waves.

[0118] In this case, it is possible to arrange two or more containers in the vicinity of each other, and to direct the sound waves towards one container, or towards only a part of the set of containers, so as to cause them to enter into sympathetic resonance, and so that this container or this part of the set of containers vibrates and emits sound waves directed towards the other containers.

[0119] After applying the sound waves, the resulting modified perfume composition can be subjected to rest, or possibly further processing steps such as the addition of additives (e.g. stabilizers, UV filters, etc.) or cooling or heating.

[0120] Container

[0121] The method of the invention may be carried out by maintaining the raw perfume composition in a container. Preferably, this container is made of glass (with the exception, where appropriate, of a stopper or other closure element, as well as a spraying device capable of being arranged inside the container), and more preferably of borosilicate glass. The composition of the borosilicate glass may be adapted and optimized so that the container has optimal resonance and resistance characteristics for the above method. Borosilicate glass has resistance properties and acoustic properties which are particularly suitable. The borosilicate glass according to the invention may in particular comprise:

[0122] - silicon dioxide, in a weight content of 40 to 90%, preferably 50 to 80%, preferably 60 to 75%, preferably 68 to 72%;

[0123] - boron sesquioxide, in a weight content of 1 to 40%, preferably 5 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20%, preferably 12 to 15%;

[0124] - optionally, aluminum oxide, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5%, preferably 3 to 4%;

[0125] - optionally, sodium oxide, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 8%, preferably 4 to 5%;

[0126] - optionally, potassium oxide, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5%, preferably 2 to 3%;

[0127] - optionally, magnesium oxide, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 1 to 10%, preferably 1 to 5%, preferably 1 to 2%; - optionally, calcium oxide, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5%, preferably 2 to 3%;

[0128] - optionally, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 1 to 10%, preferably 1 to 5%, preferably 1 to 2%;

[0129] - optionally, lanthanum oxide, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 0.5 to 10%, preferably 0.5 to 5%, preferably 0.5 to 1.5%;

[0130] - optionally, phosphorus pentoxide, in a weight content of 0 to 20%, preferably 0.5 to 10%, preferably 0.5 to 5%, preferably 0.5 to 1%.

[0131] Silicon dioxide (SiC>2) provides the essential mechanical and transparency properties of glass. Boron sesquioxide or diboron trioxide (B2O3) can enhance the glass's resistance to thermal changes, reducing the risk of breakage, and provide flexibility. Aluminum oxide (AI2O3) can improve the strength and durability of glass. Sodium oxide (Na2O) and potassium oxide (K2O) can act as melting agents, facilitating the liquefaction and molding of glass. Magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) can help increase the resilience and overall flexibility of glass. Barium oxide (BaO) can help optimize the refractive index of glass, potentially modifying its interaction with sound. Lanthanum oxide (La20s) can promote high acoustic impedance, making glass more receptive to sound waves.Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) can impart distinctive properties to glass in terms of flexibility and acoustic interaction.

[0132] Glass can be manufactured using a process that includes an annealing step, during which the glass is cooled in a controlled manner. Proper annealing can eliminate internal stresses, thereby increasing the glass's resistance to breakage during resonance events.

[0133] A container 1 of a shape particularly suitable for implementation is described below and with particular reference to figures 2 to 4. This container 1 may be a perfume bottle intended for the consumer.

[0134] The container 1 may comprise a cavity 14 intended to contain the perfume composition. This cavity 14 is delimited by a first wall 11 (or inner wall). The thickness of the first wall 11 may be from 0.2 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 4 mm, more preferably from 1 to 2 mm. Preferably, the container 1 comprises a second wall 23 (or outer wall) surrounding the first wall 11 and separated from it by a spacing; the spacing preferably having a minimum dimension of 2 to 50 mm, more preferably from 5 to 30 mm, more preferably from 8 to 15 mm. The outer wall 12 promotes the resonance of the container 1. Indeed, the outer wall 12 deforms more easily by the application of sound waves. The vibrations propagate to the inner wall 11, which makes it possible to obtain vibration of the part of the container 1 in contact with the perfume composition.The thickness of the second wall 12 may be from 0.2 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 4 mm, more preferably from 1 to 2 mm.

[0135] The first wall 11 and the second wall 12 may be made of the same material, preferably glass. The first wall 11 may be made of borosilicate glass as described above. Preferably, the second wall 12 may also be made of borosilicate glass as described above.

[0136] The container 1 may have an upper end and a lower end, the cavity may have an opening 15 and a bottom 16 opposite the opening, the opening 15 being at the upper end of the container 1. A stopper (not shown) may cooperate with the opening 15 to seal the container 1. Alternatively a spraying device may be disposed in the opening 15 to allow the perfume composition to be sprayed outwards and a stopper may be attached directly to the spraying device.

[0137] The first wall 11 and the second wall 12 may extend around a main axis 18. They may have a symmetry of revolution around this main axis 18. The first wall 11 may comprise a collar 13 in the extension of the opening 15, aligned along the main axis 18.

[0138] The cavity 14 may have a section orthogonal to the main axis 18 which increases from the opening 15. In the illustrated example, this orthogonal section increases, then decreases, then increases, then decreases, from the opening 15 towards the bottom 16. Thus, the cavity 14 may comprise two portions separated by a neck. The cavity 14 may comprise one or more partially spherical portions. In the illustrated example, it comprises a first partially spherical portion 14a including the bottom 16, and a second separate partially spherical portion 14b located between the opening 15 and the first partially spherical portion 14a, the two portions 14a, 14b being separated by a neck 14c of reduced orthogonal section.

[0139] The second wall 12 may comprise a (essentially) cylindrical portion 12a, along the main axis 18. This cylindrical portion 12a may be terminated by an open rim 17 forming a seat at the lower end of the container 1.

[0140] The bottom 16 of the cavity 14 can be located at a distance from the lower end of the container 1 (in the direction of the main axis 18).

[0141] The second wall 12 may be connected to the first wall 11, preferably on the collar 13 of the first wall. Thus, the second wall 12 may have a bell shape, with the cylindrical portion 12a described above, and another curved portion 12b ensuring the junction between this cylindrical portion 12a and the first wall 11.

[0142] In this way, when the container 1 is placed on a horizontal support by its lower end (in particular by the seat 17 described above), the main axis 18 is then oriented vertically, and the opening 15 of the container 1 is directed upwards. The bottom 16 of the cavity 14 of the container 1 can then be suspended above the horizontal support.

[0143] The container 1 thus described has a shape optimized for the implementation of the method, in particular from the point of view of the resonance phenomena described above.

[0144] The collar 13 may comprise an end 13a encompassing the opening 15 and an intermediate portion 13b between the end 13a and the junction between the second wall 12 and the first wall 11. The intermediate portion 13b may have an external dimension (in particular diameter) smaller than that of the end 13a, that is to say form a neck, which may facilitate the crimping of a spraying device. The neck may in particular be of the FEA15 type.

[0145] A container 1 of this type may in particular have a perfume capacity of 20 to 500 mL, preferably 50 to 200 mL, and for example approximately 100 mL.

[0146] Figure 5 is a photograph illustrating a prototype container 1 in accordance with the above description. This container 1 comprises a spraying device 21 fixed (preferably crimped by means of a ring) on ​​the collar 13, and a cap 22 cooperating with the spraying device 21. The cap 22 preferably has an external shape without symmetry of revolution, facilitating the fixing of the cap in the notch of a support, as illustrated in Figure 1.

[0147] For purely illustrative purposes: - the height of the container 1 (from the opening 15 to the seat 17) may be 50 to 200 mm, preferably 75 to 150 mm, more preferably 100 to 120 mm;

[0148] - the external diameter of the container 1 (external diameter of the cylindrical portion 12a of the second wall 12) may be from 30 to 120 mm, preferably from 45 to 90 mm, more preferably from 60 to 70 mm;

[0149] - the internal diameter of the opening 15 and of the collar 13 may be from 4 to 20 mm, preferably from 6 to 12 mm, more preferably from 8 to 8.5 mm;

[0150] - the distance between the lower end 17 and the bottom 16 of the cavity 14, in the direction of the main axis 18, may be from 5 to 50 mm, preferably from 10 to 30 mm, more preferably from 15 to 25 mm.

[0151] The above dimension ranges can be modified by homothety for a larger or smaller container.

Claims

Claims 1. A method of modifying a perfume, comprising a step of applying sound waves to a raw perfume composition, to obtain a modified perfume composition.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the sound waves is carried out by means of a sound wave emitter immersed in the raw perfume composition, preferably an ultrasonic nozzle.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the sound waves is carried out by means of a sound wave emitter (2) arranged outside a container (1) containing the raw perfume composition, the sound wave emitter (2) preferably being a loudspeaker or a compression driver.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the raw perfume composition is kept in a container (1) during the step of applying the sound waves.

5. Method according to claim 4, in which the step of applying the sound waves comprises the emission of a single-frequency sinusoidal signal of frequency equal to within ± 10%, preferably within ± 5%, more preferably within ± 2%, more preferably strictly equal, to a resonance frequency of the container (1) and / or to a frequency of a harmonic of the resonance frequency of the container (1).

6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, in which the container (1) is formed from a borosilicate glass, which preferably comprises: - silicon dioxide, preferably in a weight content of 68 to 72%; - boron sesquioxide, preferably in a weight content of 12 to 15%; - optionally, aluminum oxide, preferably in a weight content of 3 to 4%; - optionally, sodium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 4 to 5%; - optionally, potassium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 2 to 3%; - optionally, magnesium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 1 to 2%; - optionally, calcium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 2 to 3%; - optionally, barium oxide, preferably in a weight content of 1 to 2%; - optionally, lanthanum oxide, preferably in a weight content of 0.5 to 1.5%; - optionally, phosphorus pentoxide, preferably in a weight content of 0.5 to 1%.

7. Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, in which the container (1) comprises one or more walls (11, 12) having a thickness of 0.2 to 5 mm, preferably of 0.5 to 4 mm, more preferably of 1 to 2 mm.

8. Method according to one of claims 4 to 7, in which the container (1) comprises a first wall (11) delimiting a cavity (14) containing the perfume composition; and a second wall (12) surrounding the first wall and separated from it by a spacing; the spacing preferably having a minimum dimension of 2 to 50 mm, more preferably of 5 to 30 mm, more preferably of 8 to 15 mm.

9. Method according to claim 8, in which the container (1) has an upper end and a lower end, the cavity (14) has an opening (15) and a bottom (16) opposite the opening (15), the opening (15) being at the upper end of the container (1), and in which, preferably: - the second wall (12) comprises an essentially cylindrical portion (12a) ending in an open rim (17) forming a seat at the lower end of the container (1); and / or - the bottom (16) of the cavity (14) is located at a distance from the lower end of the container (1); and / or - the second wall (12) is connected to the first wall (11), preferably on a collar (13) of the first wall (11) located in the extension of the opening (15).

10. Method according to claim 9, wherein the container (1) is kept fixed on a support (3) during the application of the sound waves, the upper end being closer to the support than the lower end, the fixing preferably being carried out by the cooperation of a cap (22) of the container (1) with the support (3).

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