Method and apparatus for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots
The method dynamically assigns pick-and-placing tasks to robots based on their real-time conditions and item positions, addressing inefficiencies in existing strategies and enhancing operational efficiency and robot longevity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/132117
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing pick-and-placing distribution strategies for robots, such as Load Balance (LB) and Adaptive Task Completion (ATC), fail to efficiently distribute tasks based on the actual characteristics and performance of individual robots, leading to inefficiencies, increased robot failure, and labor intensity.
A method that dynamically distributes pick-and-placing tasks by obtaining item positions, determining available robots based on their conditions, estimating the pick-and-placing energy consumption for each robot, and assigning tasks to the optimum robot, which considers real-time status, load capacity, speed, and operation range of the robots.
This approach improves pick-and-placing efficiency, reduces robot failure frequency, prolongs robot service life, and decreases operator labor intensity by dynamically adjusting task distribution based on real-time conditions.
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Figure CN2023132117_22052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING PICK-AND-PLACING TASKS FOR ROBOTSFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to the robot technique, and more particularly, relates to a method and an apparatus for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Robots are widely used in pick-and-placing items in industries. Generally, a distribution strategy is required for distributing or assigning items, which strategy may be referred to as a method by which items are picked and placed. The quality of distribution strategy has a crucial impact on the picking and placing of items.
[0003] Typically, there are two commonly used distribution strategies for robots: Load Balance (LB) and Adaptive Task Completion (ATC) .
[0004] LB is a distribution strategy that items on a conveyor belt are equally distributed to all robots in a station, such that the load for each robot is the same; while ATC is a strategy to distribute items in accordance with the sequence of robots, such that the robots in front pick the items as much as possible, and the robots behind pick the remaining items.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The invention is defined by the claims.
[0006] According to one aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots comprising: obtaining positions of items to be pick-and-placed; determining available robots for each item based on a condition of each robot and the obtained position for each item; determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed; and assigning a pick-and-placing task for the corresponding item to the optimum robot.
[0007] With the above method, those skilled in the art would appreciate that the method provides an improved distribution strategy which may be adaptive to any combination of the numbers and positions of items, and the real-time status, load capacity, speed and operation range (or reachable range) of the robot and other actual conditions. It can greatly improve the pick-and-placing efficiency of items, reduce the frequency of robot failure, prolong the service life of robots, and reduce the labor intensity of operators.
[0008] In some embodiments, the determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed may comprise: for each item, estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot; comparing the pick-and-placing energy consumption among all the available robots; and determining the optimum robot based on the comparison of the pick-and-placing energy consumption.
[0009] In some embodiments, the estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot may comprise: for each item, calculating a pick-and-placing path for each available robot; and using the calculated pick-and-placing path to represent the pick-and placing energy consumption.
[0010] In some embodiments, the pick-and-placing path is measured by a path of an end effector of an available robot moving from a placing point for a previous item to a pick-up point for a target item and then to a placing point for said target item.
[0011] In some embodiments, the determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed may comprise: for each item, estimating a current load for each available robot; comparing the current load among all the available robots; and determining the optimum robot based on the comparison of the current load.
[0012] In some embodiments, the determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed may comprise: for each item, estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot; estimating a current load for each available robot; and calculating a sum of the pick-and-placing energy consumption and the current load for each available robot; comparing the sum among all the available robots; and determining the optimum robot based on the comparison of the sum.
[0013] In some embodiments, the current load for each available robot is measured by a total energy consumption or the number of the assigned items that have been assigned in a queue of an available robot but have not yet been pick-and-placed.
[0014] In some embodiments, the determination of the optimum robot may be further based on one or more other factors selected from a group including: a conveying speed of a conveyor on which the items are to be picked or placed; a rated load capacity for each available robot; an operation speed of each available robot; and a working area for each available robot.
[0015] In some embodiments, the obtaining positions of items to be pick-and-placed is implemented via an image capturing device.
[0016] In some embodiments, the condition of each robot includes a status of each robot and an operation range for each robot.
[0017] In some embodiments, the items are pick-and-placed between two conveyors.
[0018] According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots comprising: a processor coupled to a plurality of robots and configured to implement the method as described above.
[0019] According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a pick-and-placing system comprising: a plurality of robots each configured to implement a pick-and-placing task for a plurality of items; and a processor coupled to a plurality of robots and configured to implement the method as described above.
[0020] In some embodiments, the pick-and-placing system may further comprise: at least one image capturing device coupled to the processor and configured to capture at least one image of items to be pick-and-placed; wherein the processor is configured to obtain the positions of items to be pick-and-placed based on the least one captured image.
[0021] In some embodiments, the pick-and-placing system may further comprise: a first conveyor configured to convey the items to be picked; and a second conveyor configured to receive the items picked from the first conveyor.
[0022] According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] In the drawings, similar / same reference signs throughout different views generally represent similar / same parts. Drawings are not necessarily on scale. Rather, emphasis is placed upon the illustration of the principles of the present invention. In these drawings:
[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary pick-and-placing system in which the method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is applied;
[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of the method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of two exemplary pick-and-placing paths used by two different available robots respectively; and
[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of two queues with respective assigned items for two different available robots.
[0028] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0029] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more details with reference to the drawings. Although the drawings illustrate some embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure can be implemented in various manners and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments explained herein. On the contrary, the embodiments are provided to understand the present disclosure in a more thorough and complete way. It should be appreciated that drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure are only for exemplary purposes rather than restricting the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0030] In the descriptions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open-ended terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The terms “one embodiment” and “this embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The following text also can comprise other explicit and implicit definitions.
[0031] As mentioned in the background, the quality of distribution strategy has a crucial impact on the picking and placing of items and there are two commonly used distribution strategies for robots: Load Balance (LB) and Adaptive Task Completion (ATC) . However, it is found that there are respective drawbacks with the two distribution strategies.
[0032] To be more specific, the LB strategy has the drawbacks that the items are not distributed based on the actual characteristics and performance of the robots, which characteristics or performance might vary from one robot to another. In this event, the LB distribution (i.e., average distribution) might lead to some robots with poor performance being assigned with excessive items to pick-and-place, while some robots with excellent performance being assigned with insufficient items to pick-and-place. Also, the LB distribution does not comprehensively consider the actual locations of the items and / or the operation range (or reachable range) for each robot, such that those items beyond the reachable range of a robot might be distributed thereto, leading to a failure pick-and-placing (or exceeding the limit of said robot) . In addition, since the LB distribution strategy is typically set in advance, if one of the robots fails, the system might not dynamically adjust the distribution strategy, leading to possible missing for pick-and-placing items.
[0033] The ATC strategy has the drawbacks that the robots in front might have an excessively large load, and the robots behind might have an insufficient load. In this event, those robots in front are prone to break down or need more maintenance. Also, just like the LB strategy, the ATC strategy does not comprehensively consider the actual locations of the items and the operation range (or reachable range) for each robot, such that those items beyond the reachable range of a robot might be distributed thereto, leading to a failure pick-and-placing (or exceeding the limit of said robot) . In any case of the breaking down or exceeding the limit, it might not only need maintenance and / or replacement, but also seriously affect the production efficiency.
[0034] In order to overcome or alleviate the problems or drawbacks of the above two common distribution strategies, the present disclosure proposes an improved distribution strategy, or an improved method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots, which may comprise: obtaining positions of items to be pick-and-placed; determining available robots for each item based on a condition of each robot and the obtained position for each item; determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed; and assigning a pick-and-placing task for the corresponding item to the optimum robot. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that with the improved distribution strategy or method of the present disclosure, when distributing the pick-and-placing tasks, positions of the items to be pick-and-placed and the performance or parameters of the robots may be taken in account. Further, an optimum robot may be determined for each item. In such a case, the pick-and-placing task for each item may be assigned to an optimum robot and may be dynamically adjusted among all the available robots, thereby improving the production efficiency.
[0035] For better understanding of the present disclosure, FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary pick-and-placing system in which the method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
[0036] As shown in the FIG. 1, the exemplary pick-and-placing system 10 may comprise a plurality of robots 20 and a processor 30 coupled to the plurality of robots 20.
[0037] The plurality of robots 20 are each configured to pick-and-place items, e.g., pick up an item from one place and then place it to another place. Typically, the robots 20 are industrial robots each configured with an end effector for pick-and-placing items.
[0038] In some embodiments, the robots 20 may each be a robot with a stationary base. However, this is not a limitation and in some embodiments, the robots 20 each with a movable base is also possible.
[0039] With the pick-and-placing for the items, those skilled in the art would appreciate that items may be organized in a desired way. For example, items may be picked up and then placed in a packing box.
[0040] To facilitate the pick-and-placing process, in some embodiments the pick-and-placing system 10 may further comprise one or more conveyors 40 for conveying items to be picked up or placed. In this case, in some embodiments a plurality of robots 20 may be arranged alongside the conveyors 40. Although said one or more conveyors 40 is provided herein, it should be understood that this is not a limitation and in some embodiments a pick-and-placing system 10 without any conveyors is also possible.
[0041] Just as an example, as shown in FIG. 1, items may be pick-and-placed between two conveyors, e.g., a first conveyor 41 for conveying items e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, to be picked up and a second conveyor 42 for conveying a packing box 50 in which the picked-up items may be placed or organized.
[0042] The pick-and-placing system 10 may also be equipped with a distribution strategy such that items may be distributed among the robots. Typically, the distribution strategy may be embodied as a distribution algorithm in a form of a computer program, which may be stored in a memory and retrieved therefrom, and then implemented by a processor 30 to generate item distribution information for respective robots 20 (including e.g., a first available robot 21 and a second available robot 22) . Typically, the item distribution information may include pick-and-placing tasks to be assigned to each available robot, positions of items to be pick-and-placed, etc.
[0043] In the present disclosure, to overcome or alleviate the problems or drawbacks of the above two common distribution strategies, one or more factors including information or parameters such as item quantity, item position, robot status, robot load, robot speed, operation range (or reachable range) of robot, conveyor speed, will be considered for the distribution strategy, which will be detailed thereafter.
[0044] To collect the above information or parameters, in some embodiments, one or more sensors may be arranged around or in the working area / environment of the robots. For example, one or more sensors may be used to detect the position or status of each robot. One or more sensors may be used to detect the speed of the conveyor. One or more image capturing devices 60 may be used to capture the images of the items to be pick-and-placed, which image may then be used to determine the positions or numbers of items. In addition, parameters of conveyors or robots, e.g., width or length of the conveyor, operation range (or reachable range) of each robot may be provided for (input or communicated to) the processor 30.
[0045] Based on the generated item distribution information, each robot 20 may then implement the pick-and-placing task accordingly.
[0046] To facilitate understanding of the method of the present disclosure, FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of the method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0047] It should be understood that the method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots may be implemented by a processor or a pick-and-placing system as described above. In addition, the method may be implemented in real time.
[0048] As shown in FIG. 2, the method 200 may start at block 210, i.e., obtaining positions of items to be pick-and-placed.
[0049] In some embodiments, the items to be pick-and-placed may be placed on a conveyor (e.g., 41, 42) . In some embodiments, an image capturing device (e.g., 60) may be arranged above the items to capture at least one image of the items, which image may then be used to determine the positions of items. In this case, positions of items to be pick-and-placed may be obtained. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that in some embodiments, using other sensors than the image capturing device to detect the positions of items is also possible.
[0050] At block 220, determining available robots for each item based on a condition of each robot and the obtained position for each item.
[0051] Herein, it is noted that the condition of each robot may include but not limit to a status of each robot and an operation range (or reachable range) for each robot.
[0052] Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the positions of items to be pick-and-placed and the conditions of robots may vary from one to another. Due to this reason, it should be understood that in practice, not all robots might be suitable or available for each item to be pick-and-placed.
[0053] Just as an example, some items might be at a position outside the operation range (or reachable range) for a robot, then this robot might be not available for these items. Just as another example, some robots might sometimes break down or be in a process of maintenance, and then these robots might be not available for all items at that time.
[0054] With the knowledge of positions of items to be pick-and-placed and the conditions of robots, available robots for each item can be then determined.
[0055] Herein it is noted that different items to be pick-and-placed might have different available robots, and the available robots for one and the same items may vary with time. In addition, one item may have more than one available robots.
[0056] With the above available robots, the present disclosure further aims to determine an optimum robot therefrom. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that in this way, the distribution strategy may be greatly optimized.
[0057] Therefore, the method 200 may proceed to block 230, i.e., determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed.
[0058] In some embodiments, block 230 may comprise: for each item, estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot; comparing the pick-and-placing energy consumption among all the available robots; and determining the optimum robot based on the comparison.
[0059] For simplifying the above estimation, in some embodiments, the pick-and-placing energy consumption for each item may be represented by a pick-and-placing path for each item. In these embodiments, the estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot may comprises: for each item, calculating a pick-and-placing path for each available robot; and using the calculated pick-and-placing path to represent the pick-and placing energy consumption.
[0060] For simplicity, in some embodiments, the pick-and-placing path may be measured by a path of an end effector of an available robot moving from a placing point for a previous item to a pick-up point for a target item and then to a placing point for said target item.
[0061] To facilitate the understanding of measurement or definition of the pick-and-placing path as stated above, FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of two exemplary pick-and- placing paths used by two different available robots respectively.
[0062] As show in FIG. 3, it is assumed that two robots 21, 22 are available for pick-and-placing a target item k. It should be understood that for the two available robots 21, 22, the pick-and-placing paths might be different.
[0063] For example, a pick-and-placing path Smk (indicated by solid lines) may be used by a first available robot 21 to pick-and-place a target item k, wherein the pick-and-placing path Smk may be measured by a path of an end effector of the first available robot 21 moving from a placing point A for a previous item m to a pick-up point B for the target item k and then to a placing point C for said target item k.
[0064] By contrast, a pick-and-placing path Snk (indicated by solid lines) may be used by a second available robot 22 to pick-and-place the target item k, wherein the pick-and-placing path Snk may be measured by a path of an end effector of the second available robot 22 moving from a placing point A’ for a previous item n to a pick-up point B’ for the target item k and then to a placing point C’ for said target item k.
[0065] Due to the possible different pick-and-placing paths, it is understood that the associated pick-and-placing energy consumption for different available robots might also be different. In these cases, the pick-and-placing paths may be used to represent the pick-and placing energy consumption.
[0066] It is noted that although the pick-and-placing path is measured or defined above, in some embodiments, the pick-and-placing path may be measured or defined in a different manner. For example, in some embodiment, the pick-and-placing path may be measured by or defined as a path of an end effector of an available robot moving from a pick-up point A or A’ for a target item and then to a placing point B or B’ for said target item.
[0067] In addition, it is noted that although two available robots 21, 22 are used in FIG. 3 to estimate a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each item, in practice there might be more than two available robots 21, 22 for each item. In this case, a pick-and-placing energy consumption for all available robots will be respectively estimated.
[0068] Once the pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot is measured or estimated, then a comparison of the pick-and-placing energy consumption may be made among all the available robots. With the comparison, in some embodiments, the available robot with the minimum pick-and-placing energy consumption may be then determined as the optimum robot.
[0069] Typically, in addition to the pick-and-placing energy consumption for each item, one or more other factors may also be taken into account for determining the optimum robot. The one or more other factors may for example include but not limit to: a current load for each available robot, a conveying speed of a conveyor on which the items are to be picked or placed, a rated load capacity for each available robot, an operation speed of each available robot, and a working area for each available robot.
[0070] Just take the current load for each available robot as an example, in some embodiments, the block 230 may comprise: for each item, calculating a current load for each available robot; comparing the current load among all the available robots; and determining the optimum robot based on the comparison of the current load.
[0071] In these embodiments, the current load for each available robot may be defined or measured by a total energy consumption or the number of the assigned items that have been assigned in a queue of an available robot but have not yet been pick-and-placed. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the current load for each available robot defined in a different manner is also possible.
[0072] To facilitate the understanding of the current load as described above, FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of two queues with respective assigned items for two different available robots.
[0073] As shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that the first available robot 21 has an associated current queue 23 having assigned items from i to m, while the second available robot 22 has an associated current queue 24 having assigned items from j to n.
[0074] In the above case, the current load for the first available robot 21 may then be calculated by summing all the pick-and-placing energy consumption from item i to item m, while the current load for the second available robot 22 may be calculated by summing all the pick-and-placing energy consumption from item j to item n.
[0075] By comparing the current load among all available robots, the available robot with the minimum current load may then be determined as an optimum robot.
[0076] Particularly, in some embodiments, the determination of the optimum robot may be based on an estimated pick-and-placing energy consumption for each item in combination with an estimated current load for each available robot.
[0077] In these embodiments, the block 230 may comprise: for each item, estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot; estimating a current load for each available robot; and calculating the sum of the pick-and-placing energy consumption and the current load for each available robot; comparing the sum among all the available robots; and determining the optimum robot based on the sum comparison.
[0078] Just as an example, referring back to FIG. 4, assuming that it has to be decided that whether a new item k should be assigned to the first available robot 21 (e.g., added to queue 23) or the second available robot 22 (e.g., added to queue 24) .
[0079] In this example, for this new item k, a pick-and-placing energy consumption (e.g., Smk or Snk) for the first available robot 21 and the second available robot 22 may be firstly estimated, respectively. Then, a current load (e.g., Sim or Sjn) for the first available robot 21 and the second available robot 22 may be estimated, respectively. Next, a sum (e.g., S1=Sim+Smk, or S2=Sjn+Snk) of the pick-and-placing energy consumption and the current load for the first available robot 21 and the second available robot 22 may be calculated, respectively. Thereafter, a comparison of the sum may be made between the first available robot 21 and the second available robot 22. By comparison, the available robot with the minimum sum may be determined as the optimum robot.
[0080] In the above embodiments, the determination of the optimum robot may be further based on any combination of the following factors: a conveying speed of a conveyor on which the items are to be picked or placed, a rated load capacity for each available robot, an operation speed of each available robot, and a working area for each available robot.
[0081] For example, in the above embodiments of FIG. 4, the determination of the optimum robot may be further based on the rated load capacity for each available robot.
[0082] In such embodiments, the determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed may comprise: prior to comparison of the calculated sum (e.g., S1=Sim+Smk, or S2=Sjn+Snk) of the pick-and-placing energy consumption and the current load, the calculated sum may be compared to a respective rated load capacity for each available robot. In case that the calculated sum for one available robot is larger than the respective rated load capacity, this available robot may be firstly excluded from the possible candidate optimum robots. That means, a subsequent comparison of the calculated sum between this available robot and other available robots will not be needed.
[0083] Once the optimum robot is determined, the method 200 may proceed to block 240, i.e., assigning a pick-and-placing task for the corresponding item to the optimum robot. In this block, the corresponding item may be added to the queue of the optimum robot as an assigned item.
[0084] Various embodiments have been described above mainly with respect to the method or distribution strategy for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the method or distribution strategy may be implemented in real time and adaptive to any combination of the numbers and positions of items, and the real-time status, load capacity, speed and operation range (or reachable range) of the robot and other actual conditions. It can greatly improve the pick-and-placing efficiency of items, reduce the frequency of robot failure, prolong the service life of robots, and reduce the labor intensity of operators.
[0085] In addition, due to the fact that any combination of the real-time numbers and position of items, the real-time status, load capacity, speed and reachable range of the robot and other actual conditions may be taken in account for the method or distribution strategy, items may be assigned to the most suitable robots. In the meantime, the issue of exceeding limit of the robot may be avoided. In addition, since items may be distributed according to the load capacity and speed of the robot and other factors, each robot may operate within its load capacity. The service life of the robot may be prolonged, and the frequency of robot failure may be avoided. Even in the case of a robot failure, items can be automatically redistributed to minimize the possible missing for pick-and-placing items.
[0086] Further, those skilled in the art would appreciate that the present disclosure is not only directed to the method or distribution strategy as described above, but also to an apparatus for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots, which may comprise a processor coupled to a plurality of robots and configured to implement the method as described above. Further, the present disclosure may also be directed to a pick-and-placing system comprising: a plurality of robots each configured to implement a pick-and-placing task for a plurality of items; and a processor coupled to a plurality of robots and configured to implement the method as described above. In some embodiments, the pick-and-placing system may further comprise: one or more conveyors including e.g., a first conveyor configured to convey the items to be picked; and a second conveyor configured to receive the items picked from the first conveyor. In addition, the present disclosure may further be directed to a computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, may implement the method as described above.
[0087] Although the above method is described with steps in sequence, it is noted that the sequence of the steps in the method may be changed, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc., as appropriate.
[0088] Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.
Claims
1.A method for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots comprising:obtaining positions of items to be pick-and-placed;determining available robots for each item based on a condition of each robot and the obtained position for each item;determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed; andassigning a pick-and-placing task for the corresponding item to the optimum robot.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed comprises: for each item,estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot;comparing the pick-and-placing energy consumption among all the available robots; anddetermining the optimum robot based on the comparison of the pick-and-placing energy consumption.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot comprises: for each item,calculating a pick-and-placing path for each available robot; andusing the calculated pick-and-placing path to represent the pick-and placing energy consumption.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the pick-and-placing path is measured by a path of an end effector of an available robot moving from a placing point for a previous item to a pick-up point for a target item and then to a placing point for said target item.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed comprises: for each item,estimating a current load for each available robot;comparing the current load among all the available robots; anddetermining the optimum robot based on the comparison of the current load.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, from the available robots, an optimum robot for each item to be pick-and-placed comprises: for each item,estimating a pick-and-placing energy consumption for each available robot;estimating a current load for each available robot; andcalculating a sum of the pick-and-placing energy consumption and the current load for each available robot;comparing the sum among all the available robots; anddetermining the optimum robot based on the comparison of the sum.7.The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the current load for each available robot is measured by a total energy consumption or the number of the assigned items that have been assigned in a queue of an available robot but have not yet been pick-and-placed.8.The method of any of claims 2, 5 and 6, wherein the determination of the optimum robot is further based on one or more other factors selected from a group including:a conveying speed of a conveyor on which the items are to be picked or placed;a rated load capacity for each available robot;an operation speed of each available robot; anda working area for each available robot.9.The method of one of the preceding claims, wherein the obtaining positions of items to be pick-and-placed is implemented via an image capturing device.10.The method of one of the preceding claims, wherein the condition of each robot includes a status of each robot and an operation range for each robot.11.The method of one of the preceding claims, wherein the items are pick-and-placed between two conveyors.12.An apparatus for distributing pick-and-placing tasks for robots comprising:a processor coupled to a plurality of robots and configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1-11.13.A pick-and-placing system comprising:a plurality of robots each configured to implement a pick-and-placing task for a plurality of items; anda processor coupled to a plurality of robots and configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1-11.14.The pick-and-placing system of claim 13 further comprising:at least one image capturing device coupled to the processor and configured to capture at least one image of items to be pick-and-placed;wherein the processor is configured to obtain the positions of items to be pick-and-placed based on the least one captured image.15.The pick-and-placing system of claim 13 further comprising:a first conveyor configured to convey the items to be picked; anda second conveyor configured to receive the items picked from the first conveyor.16.A computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.
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