Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

Provided in the present application are laminated glass and a vehicle, which can ensure that the laminated glass has a smaller appearance color difference when viewed at different angles, and thus can ensure the overall consistency of the appearance color of the vehicle. The laminated glass comprises an outer glass sheet, an inner glass sheet, an infrared reflective layer and a bonding layer, wherein the bonding layer is sandwiched between the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet; the outer glass sheet comprises a first surface and a second surface, which are arranged opposite each other, and the inner glass sheet comprises a third surface and a fourth surface, which are arranged opposite each other, the third surface facing the second surface; and the infrared reflective layer is arranged on the second surface. When an angle of incidence θ is within the range of 10°≤θ≤80°, the maximum reflected color difference Cmax of the laminated glass is less than or equal to 3.5.

Description

Laminated glass and vehicles

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on November 17, 2023, with application number 202311542718.9 and application name “Laminated Glass and Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of glass technology, and in particular to a laminated glass and a vehicle. Background Art

[0003] New energy vehicles are gaining increasing market acceptance, but due to overall design limitations, interior headroom has been significantly reduced. This has led more and more vehicles to eliminate sunroof blinds to gain greater interior headroom. Eliminating the blinds also reduces vehicle weight and manufacturing costs. For sunroofs without blinds, the high temperatures and strong direct sunlight can make the interior of a vehicle very hot in the summer, leading to the addition of infrared reflective layers. However, this infrared reflective layer causes the sunroof glass to appear different colors at different viewing angles, reducing the overall color consistency of the vehicle. In particular, for privacy or light-blocking purposes, sunroofs without blinds are designed with a low visible light transmittance, such as less than 20% or even less than 10%. This further exacerbates the color inconsistency at different viewing angles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a laminated glass and a vehicle, which can ensure that the appearance color difference of the laminated glass at different observation angles is small, and ensure the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a laminated glass, comprising an outer sheet of glass, an inner sheet of glass, an infrared reflecting layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is sandwiched between the outer sheet of glass and the inner sheet of glass, the outer sheet of glass comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the inner sheet of glass comprising a third surface and a fourth surface arranged opposite to each other, the third surface facing the second surface, and the infrared reflecting layer being arranged on the second surface; the laminated glass has a maximum color difference Cmax≤3.5 of reflected color within the range of an incident angle θ of 10°≤θ≤80°.

[0006] When the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°, in the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side, -5≤a≤1 and -5≤b≤1.

[0007] The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL1, TL1<10%, and the total solar transmittance of the laminated glass is TTS, TTS<25%.

[0008] The visible light reflectivity of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side is RL, and RL is less than 15%.

[0009] The laminated glass further comprises a low-emissivity layer, which is disposed on the fourth surface. The low-emissivity layer comprises at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of which is selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, ITO, NiCrOx, and FTO. The doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with one or a combination of two or more of the following elements: aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.

[0010] The infrared reflective layer includes an inner dielectric layer, at least two metal layers, at least one intermediate dielectric layer and an outer dielectric layer stacked in sequence, each intermediate dielectric layer is arranged between two adjacent metal layers, and the inner dielectric layer is arranged on the second surface; the metal layer closest to the outer dielectric layer is the outermost metal layer, and the intermediate dielectric layer in direct contact with the outermost metal layer is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0011] Wherein, the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 4, preferably 4.5-10.

[0012] Wherein, the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the outermost intermediate dielectric layer and the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 14, preferably 15-20.

[0013] In which, the infrared reflection layer also includes an absorption layer in direct contact with the metal layer, the absorption layer is arranged between the metal layer and the intermediate dielectric layer, and / or, the absorption layer is arranged between the metal layer and the outer dielectric layer, and the material of the absorption layer is selected from at least one of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN, and MoTi.

[0014] The inner dielectric layer includes at least two stacked inner dielectric sublayers, the middle dielectric layer includes at least two stacked middle dielectric sublayers, and the outer dielectric layer includes at least two stacked outer dielectric sublayers.

[0015] The average refractive index of the inner dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, the average refractive index of the middle dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, and the average refractive index of the outer dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4.

[0016] Wherein, the refractive index of one outer dielectric sublayer is 2.5-2.75 and the physical thickness is 0.5nm-10nm.

[0017] Wherein, the inner glass is tinted glass, and / or the adhesive layer is a tinted polymer film.

[0018] Wherein, the visible light transmittance of the outer glass is TL2, and TL2>80%.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and the laminated glass as described in any one of the above items, wherein the laminated glass is mounted on the vehicle body.

[0020] The laminated glass and vehicle provided in the present application, by providing a rationally designed and optimized infrared reflective layer in the laminated glass, can make the reflected color of the laminated glass close to a neutral color, and make the appearance color difference of the laminated glass at different observation angles smaller, which is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance at all angles, thereby ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle and improving the visual luxury of the overall appearance of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be described below.

[0022] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by the present application;

[0023] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a laminated glass provided by the present application;

[0024] FIG3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another laminated glass provided in the present application;

[0025] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the infrared reflection layer provided by the present application in a first example;

[0026] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of the infrared reflective layer provided by the present application in a second example;

[0027] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of the infrared reflective layer provided in the present application in a third example;

[0028] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of the infrared reflection layer provided in the present application in a fourth example.

[0029] The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the figures are: Vehicle 100, vehicle body 110, laminated glass 120, outer glass 10, infrared reflective layer 20, adhesive layer 30, inner glass 40, low-emissivity layer 50, first surface 11, second surface 12, third surface 41, fourth surface 42, inner dielectric layer 21, first metal layer 22, first intermediate dielectric layer 23, second metal layer 24, outer dielectric layer 25, second intermediate dielectric layer 26, third metal layer 27, first absorption layer 28, second absorption layer 29, first inner dielectric sublayer 211, second inner dielectric sublayer 212, third inner dielectric sublayer 213, first outer dielectric sublayer 251, second outer dielectric sublayer 252, third outer dielectric sublayer 253, fourth outer dielectric sublayer 254, first intermediate dielectric sublayer 231, second intermediate dielectric sublayer 232, third intermediate dielectric sublayer 233, fourth intermediate dielectric sublayer 261, fifth intermediate dielectric sublayer 262, sixth intermediate dielectric sublayer 263. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 1 , the vehicle 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, truck, pickup truck, commercial vehicle, bus, or off-road vehicle, and this application imposes no restrictions thereon. In this embodiment, the vehicle 100 includes a vehicle body 110 and laminated glass 120, which is mounted on the vehicle body 110. For example, the laminated glass 120 may be used as a sunroof, rear door glass, triangular window glass, or rear windshield.

[0032] After the laminated glass 120 provided in this application is installed on the vehicle body 110, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 when observed from outside the vehicle at different angles is close to a neutral color, and the difference between the reflected colors at different observation angles is small, meeting the design requirements of a neutral color appearance at all angles, thereby ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100 and improving the visual sense of luxury of the overall appearance of the vehicle. In addition, the laminated glass 120 can also reduce the transmission of infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, and other light into the interior of the vehicle 100, has a good heat insulation effect and low visible light transmittance, and can improve the thermal comfort and brightness comfort of the vehicle interior. At the same time, the laminated glass 120 can also reduce the heat radiation entering the interior of the vehicle 100 in the summer and reduce the heat loss from the interior of the vehicle 100 to the outside of the vehicle 100 in the winter, thereby meeting the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0033] 2 , laminated glass 120 includes an outer glass 10, an infrared reflective layer 20, an adhesive layer 30, and an inner glass 40. The adhesive layer 30 is sandwiched between the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 40, and the infrared reflective layer 20 is disposed on the surface of the outer glass 10 facing the adhesive layer 30.

[0034] Referring to Figure 3 , laminated glass 120 includes an outer glass sheet 10, an infrared reflective layer 20, an adhesive layer 30, an inner glass sheet 40, and a low-emissivity layer 50. The adhesive layer 30 is interposed between the outer glass sheet 10 and the inner glass sheet 40. The infrared reflective layer 20 is disposed on the surface of the outer glass sheet 10 facing the adhesive layer 30. The low-emissivity layer 50 is disposed on the surface of the inner glass sheet 40 facing away from the adhesive layer 30.

[0035] The outer glass 10 is located outside the vehicle 100. The outer glass 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12. The first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are disposed opposite each other along the thickness direction of the outer glass 10. The first surface 11 faces the outside of the vehicle 100, and the second surface 12 faces the adhesive layer 30.

[0036] In this embodiment, the thickness of the outer glass 10 is 0.7 mm to 4 mm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the outer glass 10 is 2.1 mm to 4 mm. In this embodiment, the outer glass 10 is transparent glass, and may also be extra-transparent glass. The total iron content (in terms of Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%. For example, the total iron content of the transparent glass may be less than or equal to 0.08%, or less than or equal to 0.05%. When the outer glass 10 is transparent glass, the visible light transmittance TL2 of the outer glass 10 is 80% to 95%. The total iron content of the extra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%. For example, the total iron content of the extra-transparent glass may be less than or equal to 0.01%. When the outer glass 10 is extra-transparent glass, the visible light transmittance TL2 of the outer glass 10 is greater than or equal to 90%. The outer glass 10 is made of transparent glass or extra-transparent glass, which can make it easier for the infrared reflective layer 20 to reflect as much infrared as possible from sunlight, and for the outer glass 10 to absorb as little infrared as possible from sunlight, thereby better reducing the total solar transmittance of the laminated glass 120 .

[0037] The infrared reflective layer 20 is disposed on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10. For example, the infrared reflective layer 20 can be deposited layer by layer on the second surface 12 via a magnetron sputtering process. By optimizing the materials and thicknesses of each layer of the infrared reflective layer 20, the infrared reflective layer 20 can withstand subsequent high-temperature heat treatments of at least 500°C and other bending processes. Furthermore, the optical and mechanical properties of the laminated glass 120 having the infrared reflective layer 20 meet the requirements for laminated glass 120 use in the vehicle 100.

[0038] The adhesive layer 30 is used to connect the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 40 to improve the structural strength of the laminated glass 120, so that the laminated glass 120 meets the safety standards and regulatory requirements of more scenarios. The adhesive layer 30 can be a transparent polymer film or a colored polymer film, and the thickness of the adhesive layer 30 is 0.38mm to 2.66mm. The thickness of the adhesive layer 30 can be 0.38mm, 0.76mm, 1.52mm, etc. Optionally, the visible light transmittance of the transparent polymer film is greater than or equal to 80%, and specifically can be 80%, 81%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, etc., and is preferably greater than or equal to 85%. Optionally, the visible light transmittance of the colored polymer film is less than or equal to 50%, and specific examples include 50%, 44%, 40%, 36%, 30%, 28%, 25%, 20%, 18%, 16%, 14%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1%. Preferably, it is less than or equal to 20%, more preferably less than or equal to 10%, even less than or equal to 8%, and even less than or equal to 5%. The material of the transparent polymer film or the colored polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionomer (SGP). Specifically, when the inner glass 40 is clear glass, the adhesive layer 30 is a colored polymer film. When the inner glass 40 is tinted glass, the adhesive layer 30 is a transparent polymer film or a tinted polymer film.

[0039] The inner glass 40 is located inside the vehicle 100. The inner glass 40 includes a third surface 41 and a fourth surface 42. The third surface 41 and the fourth surface 42 are disposed opposite each other along the thickness direction of the inner glass 40. The third surface 41 faces the adhesive layer 30, and the fourth surface 42 faces the interior of the vehicle 100.

[0040] The inner glass 40 can be clear glass or extra-clear glass, or it can be tinted glass, such as green glass, gray glass, blue glass, or brown glass, though this is not strictly limited in the embodiments of the present application. The tinted glass may have a total iron content greater than or equal to 0.5%. For example, the total iron content of the tinted glass may be between 0.5% and 1.8%, or between 0.8% and 1.5%. When the inner glass 40 is tinted glass, the visible light transmittance of the inner glass 40 is less than or equal to 85%, preferably less than or equal to 50%, and more preferably less than or equal to 30%. It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the inner glass 40 is tinted glass, and / or the adhesive layer 30 is a tinted polymer film, meaning that at least one of the inner glass 40 and the adhesive layer 30 is tinted. Specifically, the inner glass 40 may be tinted glass and the adhesive layer 30 may be a transparent polymer film; alternatively, the inner glass may be tinted glass and the adhesive layer 30 may be a tinted polymer film; or alternatively, the inner glass 40 may be clear glass and the adhesive layer 30 may be a tinted polymer film.

[0041] Furthermore, the thickness of the inner glass 40 is between 0.7 mm and 4 mm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the inner glass 40 is between 0.7 mm and 1.8 mm. The inner glass 40 is thinner than the outer glass 10. Exemplarily, the difference between the thickness of the outer glass 10 and the thickness of the inner glass 40 is greater than 0.3 mm. This configuration allows the use of a thinner inner glass 40 to create an asymmetric laminated glass structure, reducing the overall thickness of the laminated glass 120 to achieve lightweighting while maintaining good overall strength.

[0042] The low-emissivity layer 50 is provided on the fourth surface 42. The low-emissivity layer 50 includes at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. The material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is selected from doped zinc oxide, ITO (indium tin oxide), NiCrO x The laminated glass 120 comprises at least one of nickel chromium oxide (NiCrO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). The doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with one or a combination of two or more of the following elements: aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium. The low-emissivity layer 50 can be deposited on the fourth surface 42 using a process such as magnetron sputtering, further reducing the emissivity of the laminated glass 120. The emissivity of the laminated glass 120 measured from the fourth surface 42 is less than or equal to 0.30, preferably less than or equal to 0.25, or even less than or equal to 0.20.

[0043] The laminated glass 120 provided in this embodiment has a maximum color difference C of the reflected color within the range of the incident angle θ of 10°≤θ≤80°. max≤3.5. It is understood that the laminated glass 120 provided in the present application, through the infrared reflection layer 20 deposited on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10, reflects infrared rays in sunlight and the like into the environment outside the vehicle without entering the vehicle, and has a good heat insulation effect. In addition, the reflection color of the laminated glass 120 observed from outside the vehicle can be adjusted to make the reflection color of the laminated glass 120 close to a neutral color, and the appearance color difference of the laminated glass 120 at different observation angles is small, which is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance at all angles, thereby ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle and improving the visual sense of luxury of the overall appearance of the vehicle. Preferably, the maximum color difference C max ≤3, or the maximum color difference C max ≤2.5, or the maximum color difference C max ≤2.

[0044] In some embodiments, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 120 is TL1, which is less than 10% to reduce visible light entering the vehicle interior, better protect privacy, or meet light shielding requirements. Specific examples of TL1 include 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, etc.

[0045] In some embodiments, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 120 is less than 25%, achieving a lower TTS and providing the laminated glass 120 with heat insulation and sun protection. Preferably, the TTS is less than or equal to 20%, more preferably less than or equal to 16%, or even less than or equal to 13%, thereby significantly improving thermal comfort within the vehicle. The TTS of the laminated glass 120 is measured and calculated according to the ISO 9050 standard.

[0046] In some embodiments, the laminated glass 120 has a visible light reflectance RL measured from the first surface 11, and RL is less than 15% to reduce reflections on the vehicle exterior and light pollution. Specific examples of RL include 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6.5%, and the like. Preferably, RL is ≤ 10%.

[0047] In some embodiments, when the incident angle θ is 10° ≤ θ ≤ 80°, the Lab values ​​of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 measured from the first surface 11 are -5 ≤ a ≤ 1 and -5 ≤ b ≤ 1. This allows the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 to approach a neutral color, and minimizes the apparent color differences of the laminated glass 120 at different observation angles, thereby achieving a neutral color appearance at all angles. Preferably, the a value satisfies: -4 ≤ a ≤ 1, or -3 ≤ a ≤ 0.5, or -2 ≤ a ≤ 0. Preferably, the b value satisfies: -4 ≤ b ≤ -1, or -3 ≤ b ≤ 0, or -2.5 ≤ b ≤ 1, or -1.5 ≤ b ≤ 1.

[0048] The specific structure of the infrared reflection layer 20 is described below.

[0049] The infrared reflective layer 20 includes at least two metal layers and at least three dielectric layers, with each metal layer located between two adjacent dielectric layers. The metal layer is made of a metal or metal alloy selected from at least one element of Ag (silver), Au (gold), Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), and Pt (platinum), and may specifically include two silver layers, three silver layers, or four silver layers. The physical thickness of each metal layer is 4 nm to 20 nm, such as specific values ​​of 4 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, and ranges with any two of the above specific values ​​as endpoints. Optionally, the total thickness of all metal layers can be controlled to be 15 nm to 50 nm.

[0050] The dielectric layer has the function of protecting the metal layer and preventing the metal layer from being damaged during processing or use. On the other hand, it can also adjust the optical properties, mechanical properties and reflection color of the infrared reflective layer 20. Each dielectric layer includes 2-5 dielectric sublayers, and the material of the dielectric sublayer is selected from at least one of the nitrides, oxides and oxynitrides of at least one element among Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V and Ta. The material of the dielectric sublayer can be exemplified by ZnSnO x (zinc tin oxide), TiO x (Titanium oxide), SiN x (silicon nitride), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), ZrO x (zirconia), NbO x (niobium oxide), etc.

[0051] Specifically, the infrared reflective layer 20 includes an inner dielectric layer 21, at least two metal layers, at least one intermediate dielectric layer, and an outer dielectric layer 25, which are stacked sequentially in a direction away from the second surface 12. Each intermediate dielectric layer is disposed between two adjacent metal layers. The inner dielectric layer 21 is disposed on the second surface 12. The outer dielectric layer 25 is the dielectric layer in the infrared reflective layer 20 that is farthest from the second surface 12. The metal layer closest to the outer dielectric layer 25 is the outermost metal layer, which is the metal layer farthest from the second surface 12. The intermediate dielectric layer that is in direct contact with the outermost metal layer is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer, which is the intermediate dielectric layer farthest from the second surface 12.

[0052] 4 , the infrared reflective layer 20 includes two metal layers and three dielectric layers, specifically an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, and an outer dielectric layer 25, stacked in sequence. The second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0053] 5 , the infrared reflective layer 20 includes three metal layers and four dielectric layers, specifically, an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, a second intermediate dielectric layer 26, a third metal layer 27, and an outer dielectric layer 25, stacked in sequence. The third metal layer 27 is the outermost metal layer, and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0054] Referring to FIG6 , the infrared reflective layer 20 includes two metal layers, three dielectric layers, and one absorption layer. Specifically, it includes an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first absorption layer 28, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, and an outer dielectric layer 25, which are stacked in sequence. The second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer, and the first absorption layer 28 is in direct contact with the first metal layer 22 and located between the first metal layer 22 and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23.

[0055] 7 , the infrared reflective layer 20 includes three metal layers, four dielectric layers, and two absorption layers, specifically, an inner dielectric layer 21, a first metal layer 22, a first absorption layer 28, a first intermediate dielectric layer 23, a second metal layer 24, a second absorption layer 29, a second intermediate dielectric layer 26, a third metal layer 27, and an outer dielectric layer 25, which are stacked in sequence. The third metal layer 27 is the outermost metal layer, the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer, the first absorption layer 28 is in direct contact with the first metal layer 22 and is located between the first metal layer 22 and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23, and the second absorption layer 29 is in direct contact with the second metal layer 24 and is located between the second metal layer 24 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26.

[0056] In Figures 4 to 7, the inner dielectric layer 21 includes three inner dielectric sublayers, specifically a first inner dielectric sublayer 211, a second inner dielectric sublayer 212, and a third inner dielectric sublayer 213 stacked in sequence. The first inner dielectric sublayer 211 is directly deposited on the second surface 12, and the third inner dielectric sublayer 213 is in direct contact with the first metal layer 22. The inner dielectric layer 21 can reduce or prevent the diffusion of alkali metal ions from the outer glass 10 into the infrared reflective layer 20, preventing the alkali metal ions from damaging the first metal layer 22. It can also serve as a growth substrate for the first metal layer 22 and promote the crystal growth of the first metal layer 22. For example, the structure of the inner dielectric layer 21 is ZnSnO x Layer / TiO x Layer / AZO layer. In other embodiments, the number of inner dielectric sublayers may be two, four, or five, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. To facilitate the design and production of the infrared reflective layer 20, the average refractive index of the inner dielectric layer 21 is preferably 1.9-2.4, with specific examples being 1.9, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, etc.

[0057] In FIG4 and FIG6, the outer dielectric layer 25 includes four outer dielectric sub-layers, specifically including a first outer dielectric sub-layer 251, a second outer dielectric sub-layer 252, a third outer dielectric sub-layer 253 and a fourth outer dielectric sub-layer 254 stacked in sequence. For example, the structure of the outer dielectric layer 25 is AZO layer / TiO x Layer / ZnSnO x Layer / SiN x In FIG5 and FIG7, the outer dielectric layer 25 includes three outer dielectric sub-layers, specifically including a first outer dielectric sub-layer 251, a second outer dielectric sub-layer 252 and a third outer dielectric sub-layer 253 stacked in sequence; exemplarily, the structure of the outer dielectric layer 25 is AZO layer / ZnSnO x Layer / SiN x layer. The outer dielectric layer 25 is the dielectric layer in the infrared reflective layer 20 that is farthest from the second surface 12. It can not only isolate oxygen and moisture in the external environment and prevent the metal layer in the infrared reflective layer 20 from being oxidized and corroded, but also improve the hardness, scratch resistance and processing resistance of the infrared reflective layer 20, and adjust the optical properties of the infrared reflective layer 20. In some other embodiments, the number of outer dielectric sublayers can also be two or five layers, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. Considering the convenience of design and production of the infrared reflective layer 20, the average refractive index of the outer dielectric layer 25 is preferably 1.9-2.4, and specific examples include 1.9, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, etc. More preferably, the refractive index of one of the outer dielectric sublayers is 2.5-2.75 and the physical thickness is 0.5nm-10nm.

[0058] In order to better adjust the optical properties of the infrared reflective layer 20, in particular, to make the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 close to a neutral color and to minimize the difference in the appearance color of the laminated glass 120 at different observation angles, the ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is preferably greater than or equal to 4, more preferably 4.5-10; specific examples include 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0059] In Figures 4 to 7, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 each independently include three intermediate dielectric sublayers. Specifically, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 includes a first intermediate dielectric sublayer 231, a second intermediate dielectric sublayer 232, and a third intermediate dielectric sublayer 233 stacked in sequence. The first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is used to separate the first metal layer 22 and the second metal layer 24. It can not only protect the first metal layer 22, but also serve as a growth substrate for the second metal layer 24 to promote the crystal growth of the second metal layer 24. For example, the structure of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is AZO layer / ZnSnO x The second intermediate dielectric layer 26 includes a fourth intermediate dielectric sublayer 261, a fifth intermediate dielectric sublayer 262, and a sixth intermediate dielectric sublayer 263 stacked in sequence. The second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is used to separate the second metal layer 24 and the third metal layer 27. It can protect the second metal layer 24 and serve as a growth substrate for the third metal layer 27 to promote the crystal growth of the third metal layer 27. For example, the structure of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is AZO layer / ZnSnO x Layer / AZO layer. In other embodiments, the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 each independently include two, four, or five intermediate dielectric sublayers, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application. To facilitate the design and production of the infrared reflective layer 20, the average refractive index of each of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is preferably 1.9-2.4, with specific examples being 1.9, 2.0, 2.05, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, etc.

[0060] In order to better adjust the optical properties of the infrared reflective layer 20, in particular, to make the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 close to a neutral color and to minimize the difference in the appearance color of the laminated glass 120 at different observation angles, it is preferred that the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the outermost intermediate dielectric layer and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer be greater than or equal to 14, preferably 15-20; specific examples include 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc.

[0061] In Figures 6 and 7 , the infrared reflective layer 20 also includes an absorption layer in direct contact with the metal layer. The absorption layer is disposed between the metal layer and the intermediate dielectric layer, and / or between the metal layer and the outer dielectric layer 25. The absorption layer absorbs visible light, reducing the visible light transmittance and reflectance of the infrared reflective layer 20, thereby helping to adjust the reflected color of the infrared reflective layer 20. This allows the exterior color of the laminated glass 120 to approach a neutral color, meeting the overall design requirements of the vehicle 100. The number of absorption layers can be the same as or less than the number of metal layers. For example, if there are three metal layers, the number of absorption layers can be one, two, or three. The material of the absorption layer is selected from at least one of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN, and MoTi. The thickness of the absorption layer is 0.1 nm to 20 nm. For example, the thickness of the absorption layer is 0.5 nm to 10 nm.

[0062] It should be noted that the value range of x in the chemical formula involved in the embodiments of this application is clearly defined, and the defined range shall prevail. If it is not clearly defined, it can be determined based on the stoichiometric, substoichiometric, or superstoichiometric deposition in the magnetron sputtering process. The refractive index involved in the embodiments of this application is the refractive index measured and calculated at a wavelength of 550nm. The average refractive index of the dielectric layer is the total optical thickness of all its dielectric sublayers divided by its total physical thickness. The optical thickness of each dielectric sublayer is equal to the refractive index of the dielectric sublayer multiplied by its physical thickness.

[0063] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0064] Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4

[0065] The outer glass 10, infrared reflective layer 20, adhesive layer 30, and inner glass 40 of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4 were prepared. The infrared reflective layer 20 described in Tables 1 and 2 was deposited on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10 using a magnetron sputtering process. The outer glass 10 was made of transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%. The outer glass 10 with the infrared reflective layer 20 was subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment of at least 500°C and then subjected to an automotive glass bending process. The outer glass 10, along with the adhesive layer 30 and inner glass 40, was then processed and formed to produce the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4.

[0066] Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1: The bonding layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%.

[0067] Example 2: The bonding layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 83%.

[0068] Example 3: The bonding layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 28%.

[0069] Example 4: The bonding layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 3%; the inner glass 40 is made of green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 83%.

[0070] The visible light transmittance TL, visible light reflectance RL, reflected color, and maximum color difference C of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-4 were measured and calculated. max The measurement results of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 are recorded in Table 1, and the measurement results of Examples 2-4 are recorded in Table 2.

[0071] Visible light transmittance TL: The transmittance of laminated glass 120 to visible light with a wavelength of 380nm-780nm is measured and calculated according to ISO9050;

[0072] Visible light reflectance RL: the reflectance of the laminated glass 120 to visible light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm is measured and calculated from the side of the first surface 11 according to ISO 9050;

[0073] Reflected color: Measure the incident angles of 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, and 80° from the first surface 11, based on D65 light source and 10° viewing angle, and calculate the a and b values ​​according to the CIE Lab color model. The a value represents the red-green value, and the b value represents the yellow-blue value. 10 The a value represents the reflected color at an incident angle of 10°, and b 10 The b value represents the reflected color at an incident angle of 10°, and the same applies to other incident angles.

[0074] Maximum color difference C max :According to the formula Calculate the color difference between the reflected colors of any two incident angles, and take the maximum value as the maximum color difference C max For example, the color difference between the reflected color at an incident angle of 10° and the reflected color at an incident angle of 80° is

[0075] Table 1: Measurement results of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1

[0076] As can be seen from Table 1, the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 both include two metal layers and three dielectric layers, wherein the second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0077] The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 1 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 4, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 10. When the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 1 is measured from the first surface 11 side, when the incident angle θ is 30°≤θ≤70°, the a value is greater than 3, or even greater than 10; when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤70°, the b value is less than -5, or even less than -30; and its maximum color difference C max It can be seen that the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 1 is seriously reddish and seriously deviates from the neutral color, and the appearance color varies greatly at different observation angles, which cannot meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0078] The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 2 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 4, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 14. In the Lab values ​​of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 2 measured from the first surface 11 side, when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤70°, the a value is less than -5, or even less than -10; when the incident angle θ is 50°≤θ≤70°, the b value is less than -5; and its maximum color difference C max It is greater than 8. Therefore, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 2 deviates from the neutral color, and the appearance color varies greatly at different observation angles, which cannot meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0079] The laminated glass 120 provided in Example 1 has a ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 4, and a ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 15. The reflected color Lab values ​​of the laminated glass 120 of this example measured from the first surface 11 are -1.5≤a≤1, -3≤b≤-0.5 when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°. Furthermore, the maximum color difference C maxLess than 3. The visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 1 is less than 10%, and the visible light reflectance RL is less than 10%. Thus, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 1 is close to a neutral color, and the appearance color difference at different observation angles is small, which is conducive to achieving a neutral color appearance at all angles and can meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0080] Table 2: Measurement results of the laminated glass 120 of Examples 2-4

[0081] As can be seen from Table 2, the laminated glasses 120 provided in Examples 2-4 all include two metal layers and three dielectric layers, the second metal layer 24 is the outermost metal layer, and the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0082] The laminated glass 120 provided in Examples 2-4 has a ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 5, and a ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the first intermediate dielectric layer 23 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 16; the Lab values ​​of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 of the example measured from the first surface 11 are -1.5≤a≤0.5, -3.5≤b≤-1, or -2.5≤b≤0.5 when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°; and the maximum color difference C max Less than 3, or even less than 2. The laminated glass 120 provided in Examples 2-4 has a visible light transmittance TL of less than 8%, less than 3%, and less than 1%, and a visible light reflectance RL of less than 15%. Thus, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Examples 2-4 is close to neutral, and the color variation at different viewing angles is minimal, which facilitates achieving a neutral color appearance at all angles and meets the requirement for ensuring color consistency across the entire exterior of the vehicle 100.

[0083] Compared with Example 4, the maximum color difference C of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided by Example 2 is max is less than the maximum color difference C of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 4 max This indicates that the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 2 has smaller differences in reflected color at different viewing angles. It is understandable that the inclusion of an absorption layer in Example 2 can absorb visible light, thereby reducing the visible light reflectivity of the laminated glass 120 and the differences in reflected color at different viewing angles.

[0084] Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6

[0085] The outer glass 10, infrared reflective layer 20, adhesive layer 30, and inner glass 40 of Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6 were prepared. The infrared reflective layer 20 as described in Table 3 was deposited on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 10 using a magnetron sputtering process. The outer glass 10 was made of transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%. The outer glass 10 with the infrared reflective layer 20 was subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment of at least 500°C and then subjected to an automotive glass bending process. The outer glass 10, along with the adhesive layer 30 and inner glass 40, was then processed and formed to produce the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6.

[0086] Comparative Example 3 and Example 6: The bonding layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 9%; the inner glass 40 is made of transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%.

[0087] Example 5: The bonding layer 30 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 3%; the inner glass 40 is made of gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 28%.

[0088] The visible light transmittance TL, visible light reflectance RL, reflected color, and maximum color difference C of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6 were measured and calculated. max The measurement results are recorded in Table 3.

[0089] Table 3: Measurement results of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6

[0090] As can be seen from Table 3, the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 3 and Examples 5-6 all include three metal layers and four dielectric layers, the third metal layer 27 is the outermost metal layer, and the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

[0091] The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 3 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 4, and the ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is less than 11. In the Lab values ​​of the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 of Comparative Example 3 measured from the first surface side, when the incident angle θ is 20°≤θ≤60°, the a value is less than -5; when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤50°, the b value is less than -5. Moreover, the maximum color difference C max It is greater than 12. Therefore, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Comparative Example 3 deviates from the neutral color, and the appearance color at different observation angles varies greatly, which cannot meet the requirement of ensuring the consistency of the overall appearance color of the vehicle 100.

[0092] The laminated glass 120 provided in Example 5 has a ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 8, and a ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 15. The reflected color Lab values ​​of the laminated glass 120 of this example measured from the first surface 11 are -4≤a≤-0.5 and -2.5≤b≤1 when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°. Furthermore, the maximum color difference C max Less than 3.5. The laminated glass 120 provided in Example 5 has a visible light transmittance TL of less than 2% and a visible light reflectance RL of less than 15%. Thus, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 5 is close to neutral, and the appearance color varies little at different viewing angles, which is conducive to achieving a neutral appearance at all angles and can meet the requirement of ensuring the overall appearance color consistency of the vehicle 100.

[0093] The laminated glass 120 provided in Example 6 has a ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 5, and a ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the second intermediate dielectric layer 26 and the outer dielectric layer 25 to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer greater than 15. The reflected color Lab values ​​of the laminated glass 120 of this example measured from the first surface 11 are -2≤a≤0.5 and -1.5≤b≤1 when the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°. Furthermore, the maximum color difference C max Less than 2.5. The laminated glass 120 provided in Example 6 has a visible light transmittance TL of less than 8%, and a visible light reflectance RL of less than 7%. Thus, the reflected color of the laminated glass 120 provided in Example 6 is close to neutral, and the appearance color varies little at different viewing angles, which is conducive to achieving a neutral appearance at all angles and can meet the requirement of ensuring the overall appearance color consistency of the vehicle 100.

[0094] The above is a detailed introduction to the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that: The invention comprises an outer glass, an inner glass, an infrared reflecting layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is sandwiched between the outer glass and the inner glass, the outer glass comprises a first surface and a second surface which are arranged opposite to each other, the inner glass comprises a third surface and a fourth surface which are arranged opposite to each other, the third surface faces the second surface, and the infrared reflecting layer is arranged on the second surface; The laminated glass has a maximum color difference Cmax≤3.5 of reflected color when the incident angle θ is in the range of 10°≤θ≤80°.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the incident angle θ is 10°≤θ≤80°, in the Lab value of the reflected color of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side, -5≤a≤1 and -5≤b≤1.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL1, TL1<10%, and the total solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass is TTS, TTS<25%.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light reflectivity of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side is RL, and RL is less than 15%.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laminated glass further includes a low-emissivity layer, which is disposed on the fourth surface. The low-emissivity layer includes at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, a material of which is selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, ITO, NiCrOx, and FTO, and the doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with one or a combination of two or more of the following elements: aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.

6. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The infrared reflection layer includes an inner dielectric layer, at least two metal layers, at least one intermediate dielectric layer and an outer dielectric layer stacked in sequence, each intermediate dielectric layer is arranged between two adjacent metal layers, and the inner dielectric layer is arranged on the second surface; the metal layer closest to the outer dielectric layer is the outermost metal layer, and the intermediate dielectric layer directly in contact with the outermost metal layer is the outermost intermediate dielectric layer.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ratio of the physical thickness of the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 4, or is 4.5-10.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ratio of the sum of the physical thicknesses of the outermost intermediate dielectric layer and the outer dielectric layer to the physical thickness of the outermost metal layer is greater than or equal to 14, or is 15-20.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The infrared reflection layer also includes an absorption layer in direct contact with the metal layer, the absorption layer is arranged between the metal layer and the intermediate dielectric layer, and / or, the absorption layer is arranged between the metal layer and the outer dielectric layer, and the material of the absorption layer is selected from at least one of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN, and MoTi.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner dielectric layer includes at least two inner dielectric sub-layers stacked together, the middle dielectric layer includes at least two middle dielectric sub-layers stacked together, and the outer dielectric layer includes at least two outer dielectric sub-layers stacked together.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 10, characterized in that: The average refractive index of the inner dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, the average refractive index of the middle dielectric layer is 1.9-2.4, and the average refractive index of the outer dielectric layer is 1.9-2.

4.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 10, characterized in that: One of the outer dielectric sublayers has a refractive index of 2.5-2.75 and a physical thickness of 0.5nm-10nm.

13. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The inner glass is tinted glass, and / or the adhesive layer is a tinted polymer film.

14. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the outer glass is TL2, and TL2>80%.

15. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The outer glass is transparent glass or extra-transparent glass. The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the total iron content of the extra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%.

16. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The maximum color difference Cmax≤3, or the maximum color difference Cmax≤2.5, or the maximum color difference Cmax≤2.

17. The laminated glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The value of a satisfies: -4≤a≤1, or -3≤a≤0.5, or -2≤a≤0.

18. The laminated glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The b value satisfies: -4≤b≤-1, or -3≤b≤0, or -2.5≤b≤1, or -1.5≤b≤1.

19. The laminated glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The visible light reflectivity of the laminated glass measured from the first surface side is RL, and the RL is ≤10%.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vehicle body and the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the laminated glass is installed on the vehicle body.

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