Transmission of dual functional signal
By determining a phase adjustment value and generating a dual functional signal for transmission in ISAC systems, the challenges of efficiently supporting both communication and sensing functions are addressed, resulting in improved sensing performance and spectral efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/135937
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently transmitting dual-functional signals that support both communication and sensing functions, particularly in Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems.
A network entity determines a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal, and generates a dual functional signal by combining these signals with the phase adjustment value, which is then transmitted to user equipment along with an indication of the phase adjustment value.
This approach enhances sensing performance during communication transmission, improving spectral efficiency and providing high-quality sensing data without significantly affecting communication performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023135937_05062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TRANSMISSION OF DUAL FUNCTIONAL SIGNALTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a network entity, a user equipment (UE) , methods, apparatuses, and computer readable medium for a transmission of a dual functional signal.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is a key technology of 5G advanced (5G-A) and 6G. It involves the integration of communication and sensing functions in a single system, and a dual-function waveform is proposed to support communication and sensing.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to a network entity, user equipment, methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for a dual functional signal. According to the proposed solution, enhancements for sensing in ISAC are proposed.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a network entity. The network entity comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the network entity to: determine a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal; generate a dual functional signal based on the initial sensing signal, the phase adjustment value, and the communication signal; and transmit, to a user equipment, the dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a user equipment. The user equipment comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the user equipment to: receive, from a network entity, a dual functional signal and an indication of a phase adjustment value; demodulate the dual functional signal based on the phase adjustment value and an initial sensing signal, to determine a communication signal; and demodulate the communication signal.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the network entity. The method comprises: determining a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal; generating a dual functional signal based on the initial sensing signal, the phase adjustment value, and the communication signal; and transmitting, to a user equipment, the dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value.
[0008] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the user equipment. The method comprises: receiving, from a network entity, a dual functional signal and an indication of a phase adjustment value; demodulating the dual functional signal based on the phase adjustment value and an initial sensing signal, to determine a communication signal; and demodulating the communication signal.
[0009] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal; generate a dual functional signal based on the initial sensing signal, the phase adjustment value, and the communication signal; and transmit, to a user equipment, the dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value.
[0010] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a network entity, a dual functional signal and an indication of a phase adjustment value; demodulate the dual functional signal based on the phase adjustment value and an initial sensing signal, to determine a communication signal; and demodulate the communication signal.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods and the network entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the user equipment, a report indicating a channel state information (CSI) matrix of a channel between the network entity and the user equipment; generating the initial sensing signal based on the CSI matrix; and transmitting, to the user equipment, the initial sensing signal.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods and the network entity described herein, further comprising: performing a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the CSI matrix to determine a sensing precoding matrix in a null-space of a communication channel; and determining the initial sensing signal based on a minimization of an ambiguity function of a product of the sensing precoding matrix and the initial sensing signal.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods and the network entity described herein, further comprising: updating the initial sensing signal within a channel coherent time; and transmitting, to the user equipment, the updated initial sensing signal.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods and the network entity described herein, further comprising: selecting the user equipment to be a sensing assistance device based on one of: a sensing capability of the user equipment, an indicator received from the user equipment, wherein the indicator indicates that the user equipment supports sensing, or a quality of a link between the network entity and the user equipment.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods and the network entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the user equipment or a core network function, the sensing capability of the user equipment.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods and the network entity described herein, further comprising: determining the phase adjustment value based on an ambiguity function represented as f (xc+ejθVss) , wherein xc is the communication signal, s is the initial sensing signal, Vs is a sensing precoding matrix of the initial sensing signal, and θ is the phase adjustment value.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods and the user equipment described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the network entity, a report indicating a channel state information (CSI) matrix of a channel between the network entity and the user equipment; and receiving, from the network entity, the initial sensing signal that is generated by the network entity based on the CSI matrix.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods and the user equipment described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, an updated initial sensing signal that is updated within a channel coherent time.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods and the user equipment described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the network entity or a core network function, a sensing capability of the user equipment.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods and the user equipment described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the network entity, an indicator indicating that the user equipment supports sensing.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods, the network entity, and the user equipment, described herein, the indication of the phase adjustment value is comprised in downlink control information (DCI) .
[0022] In some implementations of the methods, the network entity, and the user equipment, described herein, wherein the indication of the phase adjustment value comprises a plurality of bits and a number of the plurality of bits, wherein the plurality of bits are determined by quantizing the phase adjustment value.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods, the network entity, and the user equipment, described herein, a transmit power of a sensing signal is limited to be not larger than an upper limitation.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods, the network entity, and the user equipment, described herein, a majorization-minimization optimization algorithm is used for determining the initial sensing signal.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods, the network entity, and the user equipment, described herein, the initial sensing signal is transmitted as a reference signal or high-layer information.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods, the network entity, and the user equipment, described herein, the phase adjustment value associated with the communication signal is different from a further phase value adjustment associated with a further communication signal.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0028] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of a time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme to support sensing and communication;
[0029] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 4A illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a process for a transmission of an initial sensing signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 4B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a process for a transmission of a dual functional signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of generation of dual functional signals in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0037] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a user equipment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0040] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0041] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0042] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a long term evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0044] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0045] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, message, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0046] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0047] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0048] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink (SL) . For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0049] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0050] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0051] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0052] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0053] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0054] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-C, F1-U) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0055] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0056] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0057] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0058] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0059] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0060] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0061] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0062] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0063] For many emerging applications, such as the smart industry, next-generation vehicular networks, and remote healthcare, high-quality wireless connectivity and high-precision sensing capabilities are indispensable. It can be foreseen that future wireless networks, such as beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G, will transcend traditional communication by providing sensing functionalities. Consequently, research on the topic of ISAC is rapidly increasing, with waveform design being a key component within ISAC.
[0064] Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform is one of the most widely used multi-carrier waveforms in existing broadband wireless standards (including 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.11) . OFDM offers high communication performance and advantages, such as spectrum efficiency and avoiding inter-symbol interference. However, the design of OFDM has not considered the sensing performance. As the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) continues, industry demands for the sensing capabilities of waveforms have increased. Existing waveforms are evidently unable to meet these requirements. Therefore, a dual-function waveform to well support communication and sensing is urgent.
[0065] Currently, the design methods for dual-function waveforms can be categorized into three types: Communication-Centric Waveform Design (CCWD) , Sensing-Centric Waveform Design (SCWD) , and Joint Waveform Optimization and Design (JWOD) . SCWD can achieve high-performance sensing but cannot guarantee fast communication rates. JWOD, while capable of balancing and adjusting between sensing and communication performance, requires high computational cost. On the other hand, CCWD augments existing communication waveforms with sensing capabilities. Therefore, considering cost and performance, CCWD is the preferred choice. The key research focuses on improving the sensing performance of existing communication waveforms without compromising communication function.
[0066] In existing cellular communication systems, WiFi systems, and other communication systems, the communication consists of pilot signals transmission to assist synchronization and channel estimation, and data transmission. Throughout the entire communication process, data transmission occupies the vast majority. Improving the sensing performance of signals during data communication can significantly improve spectral efficiency, thereby providing sufficient and high-quality sensing data for other applications. However, unlike pilot signals, transmitted data cannot be obtained in advance and is varying over time. Therefore, designing CCWD waveforms for data transmission poses a significant challenge.
[0067] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of a TDM scheme to support sensing and communication. As shown in FIG. 2A, a traditional scheme to multiplex sensing and communication signals is time-division in an ISAC system. In this scheme, there are resources reserved for sensing signals transmission, which is an overhead for communication system.
[0068] In this event, how to transmit the sensing signal in a communication system in an efficient way needs to be further studied.
[0069] Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for transmitting a sensing signal in a communication system, specifically, a dual functional signal of the sensing signal and the communication signal may be used for transmission. In this solution, a phase adjustment value may be determined and accordingly the dual functional signal may be generated. As such, the dual functional signal may be used for transmitting both the sensing signal and the communication signal, and therefore an efficiency may be improved.
[0070] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 200 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 2B, the communication network 200 may include a network entity 210 and a user equipment (UE) 220, which may communicate with each other. For example, the UE 220 may be located within an area which is provided (or controlled) by the network entity 210. With reference to FIG. 1, the network entity 210 may be a network entity 102 in FIG. 1, and the UE 220 may be a UE 104 in FIG. 1.
[0071] In the communication network 200, the network entity 210 may be a serving BS (such as a gNB) of the UE 220. In some implementations, the network entity 210 may transmit a downlink transmission to the UE 220, and receive an uplink transmission from the UE 220.
[0072] The communication network 200 may be an ISAC system, for example, the network 200 may further include one or more targets 230 to be sensed. In some implementations, the network entity 210 may be implemented as a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver. The network entity 210 may transmit a sensing signal, and receive a signal reflected from the one or more targets 230.
[0073] As shown in FIG. 2B, the network entity 210 may include a transmitting chain for transmitting signal (s) and a receiving chain for receiving signal (s) . Details will be provided below with reference to FIGS. 3-5.
[0074] The communication network 200 may further include a core network, which may include one or more network functions such as a sensing function (SF) 240.
[0075] It is to be understood that the numbers of network entities, UEs, targets, network functions shown in FIG. 2B are only for the purpose of illustration only. The network 200 may include any suitable numbers of sensing transmitters, sensing receivers, and UEs.
[0076] In the present disclosure, the term “communication signal” may be used interchangeably with communication data, downlink data, data, or the like.
[0077] Reference is further made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 300 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve the network entity 210 and the UE 220 as shown in FIG. 2B. It would be appreciated that the process 300 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0078] As shown in FIG. 3, the UE 220 may transmit a report to the network entity 210 at 302, where the report may indicate a CSI of the channel between the UE 220 and the network entity 210. The network entity 210 may further determine an initial sensing signal at least based on the CSI at 304 and transmit the initial sensing signal to the UE 220 at 306.
[0079] In some implementations, the UE 220 may be selected as a UE for assisting sensing, for example, the UE 220 has a sensing capability. FIG. 4A illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a process 410 for a transmission of an initial sensing signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0080] In the process 410, the network entity 210 receives a first sensing service request at 411, e.g. from the SF 240 in a core network. In some examples, the first sensing service request may be transmitted from the SF 240 to the network entity 210 via an AMF in a core network. In some implementations, it can be regarded that the process 410 is triggered by the first sensing service request from the SF 240.
[0081] In some implementations, the first sensing service request may indicate to the network entity 411 to sense one or more targets 230. In some implementations, the first sensing service request may include sensing service related information. In some implementations, the sensing service related information may include one or more of the following: a task ID (which may be used for identifying different tasks) , information about a sensing area (which may be used for identifying the area to be sensed) , a sensing type (e.g., localization, motion recognition task, dynamic map, vehicle velocity measurement, vehicle tracking, emergency notification, and vehicle audit) , sensing requirement (e.g., sensing accuracy, sensing resolution, duration, delay) , feedback type information, or sensing frequency information. It is to be understood that the first sensing service request may include some further information which is not listed herein.
[0082] In the process 410, the network entity 210 generates an RAN configuration for sensing at 412, e.g. based on the first sensing service request. In some implementations, the network entity 210 may generate corresponding RAN configuration (s) which may include one or more of: an actual sensing area for sensing the one or more targets, sensing transmission occasions, sensing type (s) , or the like. In some implementations, the RAN configuration may include some further information, such as sensing frequency or the like.
[0083] In the process 410, the network entity 210 may transmit a second sensing service request to the UE 220 at 413. In some implementations, the second sensing service request may be transmitted to multiple UEs which include the UE 220. For example, the network entity 210 may broadcast the second sensing service request to all UEs in a serving area.
[0084] In some implementations, the second sensing service request may include information indicating the sensing area. In some implementations, the second sensing service request may include information indicating the sensing type. In some implementations, the second sensing service request may include some further information such as sensing requirement or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0085] In the process 410, the UE 220 may transmit a sensing response to the network entity 210 at 414. In some implementations, the sensing response may indicate whether the UE 220 has a capability of assisting sensing, or whether the UE 220 supports sensing.
[0086] In the present disclosure, a UE has a capability of assisting sensing may represent that the UE has a sensing capability or sensing ability, the UE has a capability / ability for assisting sensing, the UE has a capability / ability for supporting sensing, the UE supports sensing, or the like.
[0087] In some implementations, the UE 220 may determine whether to assist the requested sensing service (i.e. the second sensing service request) or not. In some examples, the UE 220 may determine not to assist sensing since its hardware does not support sensing, or it has low energy and not willing to assist sensing.
[0088] In some implementations, the sensing response may include a sensing support indicator which indicates whether the UE 220 supports sensing. For example, the sensing support indicator may be implemented as one bit or multiple bits. For ease of description, it is assumed that the UE 220 supports sensing in the present disclosure.
[0089] As such, the network entity 210 may be aware of that the UE 220 has a capability of supporting sensing. And in addition, the network entity 210 may select at least one UE for assisting sensing at 415.
[0090] It is to be appreciated that although steps 412-414 are shown in FIG. 4A, in some other example embodiments, one or more of the steps 412-414 may be omitted.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the UE 220 may transmit the sensing support indicator to the network entity 210 or the SF 240, for example, the sensing support indicator may be included in UE capability information. In some examples, the transmission of the sensing support indicator may be independent from the sensing service request.
[0092] In some embodiments, the UE 220 may transmit capability information to the network entity 210, where the capability information may indicate whether the UE 220 has a capability to assist sensing. For example, the capability information from the UE 220 indicates that the UE 220 has a capability (i.e. supports) of assisting sensing. In some examples, step 414 may be omitted. In some examples, step 413 may be omitted or step 413 may be maintained, for example, the network entity 210 may send the second sensing service request to some UEs each with a capability of assisting sensing. For example, there is no need to transmit the second sensing service request to all UEs, an overhead may be reduced.
[0093] In some embodiments, the UE 220 may transmit capability information to the SF 240, where the capability information may indicate whether the UE 220 has a capability to assist sensing. For example, the capability information from the UE 220 indicates that the UE 220 has a capability (i.e. supports) of assisting sensing. In some examples, the first sensing service request at 411 may include information indicating one or more UEs that have a capability of assisting sensing. In this event, the network entity 210 may be aware of the capability of the UE 220 from the SF 240. In some other examples, the SF 240 may transmit the capability information of the UE 220 to the network entity 210 in a separate message which is different from the first sensing service request, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0094] In the process 410, the network entity 210 selects at least one UE for assisting sensing at 415. The selected UE may be regarded as a sensing-assistant UE. In some implementations, one or more following may be considered while selecting the at least one UE: capability information of the at least one UE, location information of the at least one UE, or link quality of each of the at least one UE with the network entity 210.
[0095] In some implementations, the UE 220 may be selected as the sensing-assistant UE, for example, the UE 220 has a capability of assisting sensing, for example, the UE 220 is close to the one or more targets 230, for example, a link quality between the UE 220 and the network entity 210 exceeds a threshold. In some examples, a UE which is closest to the one or more targets 230 may be selected as the sensing-assistant UE.
[0096] In the process 410, the network entity 210 transmits reference configurations to the UE 220 at 416. In some implementations, the network entity 210 may configure and transmit the reference signals to the selected UE (i.e. the UE 220) , where the reference signals may include a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) and / or a synchronization signal block (SSB) . In some implementations, the step 416 may be regarded as a request for CSI.
[0097] In the process 410, the UE 220 transmits a report including the CSI (i.e. CSI report) to the network entity 210 at 417. In some implementations, the UE 220 may perform a channel estimation and determine the CSI.
[0098] In the process 410, the network entity 210 generates an initial sensing signal based on the CSI at 418. In some implementations, the network entity 210 may determine one or more communication parameters based on the report and optional further based on other communication requirements. The one or more communication parameters may include one or more of the following: modulation coding scheme (MCS) , layer and precoding matrix, or the like.
[0099] In some implementations, the network entity 210 may determine a CSI matrix between the network entity 210 and the UE 220, which may be denoted as where N is a number of subcarriers and L is a length of the cyclic prefix.
[0100] In some implementations, the network entity 210 may perform a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the CSI matrix, h=UΛVH , where V= [Vc Vs] , and H represents a transposition operator. is the space of communication and is the null-space of the communication channel. In some examples, Vs may be taken as a sensing precoding matrix, which may be used for determining the initial sensing signal. For example, the initial sensing signal may be denoted by
[0101] In some implementations, an ambiguity function of a product of the sensing precoding matrix and the initial sensing signal may be defined, and then the initial sensing signal may be determined based on a minimization of the ambiguity function. In some examples, a transmit power of the sensing signal is limited to be not larger than an upper limitation.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the sensing transmit power limitation may be denoted by Ps, which is determined based on sensing requirements (e.g., sensing accuracy, sensing resolution, duration, delay) . For example, the sensing transmit power increases with the sensing accuracy requirement.
[0103] In some example embodiments, an ambiguity function denoted by f (Vss) may be selected as an optimization objective, and the constraint is sensing transmit power limitation (Ps) . And thus the initial sensing signal may be determined by solving
[0104] For example, a Majorization-Minimization (MM) optimization algorithm is used for determining the initial sensing signal.
[0105] As such, the network entity 210 may generate the initial sensing signal s by solving an optimization problem based on a sensing precoding matrix Vs which is associated with a null-space of the communication channel. Accordingly, the initial sensing signal may be projected into the null-space of the communication channel, therefore the interference from sensing to communication may be reduced.
[0106] In the process 410, the network entity 210 transmits the initial sensing signal to the UE 220 at 419, and the UE 220 stores the initial sensing signal at 420. For example, the initial sensing signal may be used by the UE 220 for residual interference calculation.
[0107] In some implementations, the initial sensing signal may be regarded as a type of reference signal. In some implementations, the initial sensing signal may be regarded as high-layer information. In some implementations, the initial sensing signal may be transmitted without OFDM modulation or coding.
[0108] Returning back to FIG. 3, in the process 300, the network entity 210 determines a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal at 310. In some implementations, the phase adjustment value may also be referred to as a sensing phase for the initial sensing signal.
[0109] In some implementations, the communication signal may be determined by xc= Vc (Vc) Hxo, c, where xo, c is communication data to be transmitted to the UE 220.
[0110] In some implementations, the phase adjustment value (denoted by θ ) may be determined by an optimization algorithm. For example, a further ambiguity function may be defined as which may be used for determining the phase adjustment value. It is to be understood that, since θ is a scalar, this problem can be easily solved by searching algorithm, and the computational complexity is lower than the traditional algorithm.
[0111] In the process 300, the network entity 210 generates a dual functional signal at 320. In some implementations, a combination of the sensing signal and the communication signal may be used to generate the dual functional signal, for example, the combination may be represented as x=xc+ejθVss.
[0112] In some example embodiments, the network entity 210 may linearly combine an adjusted sensing signal with the communication signal to generate the dual functional signal, where the adjusted sensing signal is determined based in the initial sensing signal and the phase adjustment value. In other words, the phase adjustment value may be used for adjusting the initial sensing signal to determine the adjusted sensing signal.
[0113] The network entity 210 further transmits the dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value to the UE 220 at 330. In some implementations, the dual functional signal and the indication of the phase adjustment value may be transmitted to the UE 220 through a same message or separate messages.
[0114] In some implementations, the phase adjustment value may be quantified into multiple bits, for example a number of the multiple bits may be M, which is a positive integer. For example, M may refer to a quantization level of the phase adjustment value. In some examples, a signal-noise ratio (SNR) and an estimation accuracy of the CSI between the network entity 210 and the UE 220 may be used for quantifying the phase adjustment value. For example, a lower SNR means a lower estimation accuracy of CSI, thus, to reduce the impact of the sensing signal on the communication performance, the number M should be higher.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the indication of the phase adjustment value may include the multiple bits (that is, quantified phase adjustment value) and the number of multiple bits (M) . In some examples, the quantified phase adjustment value may be represented as
[0116] In some example embodiments, the transmitted dual functional signal may be denoted as
[0117] In the process 300, the UE 220 may demodulate the received dual functional signal at 340. In addition or alternatively, the network entity 210 may further perform sensing based on reflected signal from the one or more targets 230.
[0118] FIG. 4B illustrates a signalling chart illustrating a process 450 a transmission of a dual functional signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0119] At 451, the network entity 210 obtains communication data to be transmitted to the UE 220. In some examples, the communication data may be prepared and generated by the network entity 210. In some examples, the communication data may be received from another entity, such as a user plane function (UPF) . For example, the communication data may be denoted by xo, c, after OFDM modulation.
[0120] At 452, the network entity 210 generates a phase adjustment value and further generates a dual functional signal. For example, the phase adjustment value is θ, and the dual functional signal is x=xc+ejθVss.
[0121] At 453, the network entity 210 transmits an indication of the phase adjustment value to the UE 220. In some examples, the indication of the phase adjustment value includes sensing parameters of the quantified phase adjustment value (quantized parameters) , and the indication of the phase adjustment value further includes a quantization level (M) . For example, the quantization level (M) may be indicated by high layer parameters. In some examples, RRC signalling may be used for indicating the quantization level, for example, the RRC signalling may include information of a quantization format which may implicitly indicate the quantization level. For example, the quantized parameters may be transmitted through a physical control channel, e.g., PDCCH, for the corresponding communication data.
[0122] At 454, the network entity 210 transmits the dual functional signal to the UE 220. In some examples, the transmitted dual functional signal may be denoted as and is transmitted through a physical data channel, such as PDSCH.
[0123] In some examples, the dual functional signal may be transmitted together with the indication of the phase adjustment value. For example, the steps 453 and 454 may be performed simultaneously. However, in some other examples, the step 453 and the step 454 may be performed separately and a further indication may be included for an association of the dual functional signal and the indication of the phase adjustment value.
[0124] At 455, the UE 220 demodulate the received signal. Specification, the UE 220 receives the indication of the phase adjustment value and the dual functional signal, and the UE 220 may determine the communication signal (xc) based on the dual functional signal, the phase adjustment value, and the initial sensing signal (e.g., stored at 420) . As such, the residual sensing signal may be eliminated. In addition, the UE 220 may further perform OFDM demodulation to recover the communication data. Therefore, the residual interference from the sensing signal may be well cancelled for demodulation, and a communication may be well performed.
[0125] At 456, the network entity 210 receives an echo signal for sensing. Specifically, the network entity 210 may receive the echo of the dual functional signal and then perform sensing by utilizing a sensing algorithm. In some examples, the sensing may be performed according to the first sensing service request at 411. For example, if the sensing type is localization, a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm may be used to estimate a location of the one or more targets 230. Therefore, the sensing may be well performed at the network entity 210.
[0126] In some implementations, the initial sensing signal may be updated, e.g. according to a channel coherent time. Specifically, the network entity 210 may update the initial sensing signal within the channel coherent time, e.g. based on a further CSI from the UE 220, and in addition the network entity 210 may further transmit the updated initial sensing signal to the UE 220. As such, there is no need to transmit the initial sensing signal accompany the communication signal, and the overhead may be reduced.
[0127] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of generation of dual functional signals 500 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, an initial sensing signal 510 may be generated and provided to the UE 220, and in a later time an updated initial sensing single 520 may be generated and provided to the UE 220.
[0128] For each of communication signals 511-513 and 521-523, a corresponding phase adjustment value (θ1 through θ6 respectively) may be determined. In addition, corresponding dual functional signals 514-516 and 524-526 may be generated.
[0129] As such, since the sensing signal is different from the communication signal, the sensing signal does not need to vary over time and thus it may be unchanged during a time period. For example, the initial sensing signal may be transmitted before the data transmission for estimating the residual interference caused by the imperfect CSI estimation. For example, the initial sensing signal may be updated according to channel coherent time which is triggered by a CSI report.
[0130] According to some embodiments discussed with reference to FIGS. 3-5, a network entity may determine a phase adjustment value for a sensing signal and generate a dual functional signal based on an initial sensing signal, the phase adjustment value, and a communication signal. As such, the sensing performance may be improved during a transmission of a communication signal.
[0131] In the present solution, the sensing signal may be determined by exploring a null-space introduced by the cyclic prefix of OFDM waveform. The network entity may transmit the dual functional signal to the UE and the one or more targets at the same time, where the dual functional signal is based on OFDM scheme to enhance sensing performance without significantly affecting communication performance. Meanwhile, due to imperfect CSI estimation (caused by quantization errors, transmitter-receiver asymmetry, etc. ) , sensing signals may not be perfectly projected into the null-space, thus affecting communication performance.
[0132] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a base station or a UE as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with a network entity 210, a UE 220, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0133] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0134] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field- programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0135] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for operations discussed above.
[0136] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0137] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0138] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 600. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 602. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0139] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0140] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0141] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0142] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0143] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0144] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0145] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0146] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0147] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0148] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0149] The processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for operations described in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0150] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 performed by a network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by the network entity 210 in FIG. 2B. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0151] At 810, the method may include determining a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by the network entity 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0152] At 820, the method may include generating a dual functional signal based on the initial sensing signal, the phase adjustment value, and the communication signal. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by the network entity 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0153] At 830, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, the dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value. The operations of 830 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 830 may be performed by the network entity 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0154] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by the UE 220 in FIG. 2B. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0155] At 710, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, a dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by the UE 220 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0156] At 920, the method may include demodulating the dual functional signal based on the phase adjustment value and an initial sensing signal, to determine a communication signal. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by the UE 220 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0157] At 930, the method may include demodulating the communication signal. The operations of 930 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 930 may be performed by the UE 220 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0158] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0159] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0160] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0161] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0162] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0163] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A network entity comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the network entity to:determine a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal;generate a dual functional signal based on the initial sensing signal, the phase adjustment value, and the communication signal; andtransmit, to a user equipment, the dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value.2.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the indication of the phase adjustment value is comprised in downlink control information (DCI) .3.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the indication of the phase adjustment value comprises a plurality of bits and a number of the plurality of bits,wherein the plurality of bits are determined by quantizing the phase adjustment value.4.The network entity of claim 1, wherein at least one processor is further configured to cause the network entity to:receive, from the user equipment, a report indicating a channel state information (CSI) matrix of a channel between the network entity and the user equipment;generate the initial sensing signal based on the CSI matrix; andtransmit, to the user equipment, the initial sensing signal.5.The network entity of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the network entity to generate the initial sensing signal by:performing a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the CSI matrix to determine a sensing precoding matrix in a null-space of a communication channel; anddetermining the initial sensing signal based on a minimization of an ambiguity function of a product of the sensing precoding matrix and the initial sensing signal.6.The network entity of claim 5, wherein a transmit power of a sensing signal is limited to be not larger than an upper limitation.7.The network entity of claim 4, wherein the initial sensing signal is transmitted as a reference signal or high-layer information.8.The network entity of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the network entity to:update the initial sensing signal within a channel coherent time; andtransmit, to the user equipment, the updated initial sensing signal.9.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the network entity to:select the user equipment to be a sensing assistance device based on one of:a sensing capability of the user equipment,an indicator received from the user equipment, wherein the indicator indicates that the user equipment supports sensing, ora quality of a link between the network entity and the user equipment.10.The network entity of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the network entity to:receive, from the user equipment or a core network function, the sensing capability of the user equipment.11.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the network entity to determine the phase adjustment value based on an ambiguity function represented as f (xc+ejθVss) ,wherein xc is the communication signal, s is the initial sensing signal, Vs is a sensing precoding matrix of the initial sensing signal, and θ is the phase adjustment value.12.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the phase adjustment value associated with the communication signal is different from a further phase value adjustment associated with a further communication signal.13.A user equipment comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the user equipment to:receive, from a network entity, a dual functional signal and an indication of a phase adjustment value;demodulate the dual functional signal based on the phase adjustment value and an initial sensing signal, to determine a communication signal; anddemodulate the communication signal.14.The user equipment of claim 13, wherein the indication of the phase adjustment value is comprised in downlink control information (DCI) .15.The user equipment of claim 13, wherein the indication of the phase adjustment value comprises a plurality of bits and a number of the plurality of bits.16.The user equipment of claim 13, wherein at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:transmit, to the network entity, a report indicating a channel state information (CSI) matrix of a channel between the network entity and the user equipment; andreceive, from the network entity, the initial sensing signal that is generated by the network entity based on the CSI matrix.17.The user equipment of claim 16, wherein at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:receive, from the network entity, an updated initial sensing signal that is updated within a channel coherent time.18.The user equipment of claim 13, wherein at least one processor is further configured to cause the user equipment to:transmit, to the network entity or a core network function, a sensing capability of the user equipment.19.A method performed by a network entity, comprising:determining a phase adjustment value based on an initial sensing signal and a communication signal;generating a dual functional signal based on the initial sensing signal, the phase adjustment value, and the communication signal; andtransmitting, to a user equipment, the dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value.20.A method performed by a user equipment, comprising:receiving, from a network entity, a dual functional signal and an indication of the phase adjustment value;demodulating the dual functional signal based on the phase adjustment value and an initial sensing signal, to determine a communication signal; anddemodulating the communication signal.
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