A system and method for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network

Abstract

The present invention provides a system for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network for smart ports and harbours. It consists of a moored floating station or moored buoy, or network of buoy-based measurement stations (A) moored at the port or harbour waters with the marine navigation and land-based measuring station (B) mounted at jetty or wharf or quay wall of port and harbours. The buoy-based system (A) is equipped with a cylindrical steel buoy structure featuring a mast (7) and is secured using a two-point mooring system. The present system comprises of an integrated monitoring and data transmission system that collects the real-time meteorological and oceanographic data from the sensors and processes the acquired data based on calibration, enabling accurate and reliable measurements. The processed data is then stored in the system's internal memory for analysis and transmitted to a remote-control station.

Description

[0001] A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING REAL-TIME METEOROLOGICAL

[0002] AND OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA USING A BUOYAGE NETWORK

[0003] CROSS - REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

[0004] The embodiments herein claim the priority of Indian patent application 202341081412 filed on November 30, 2023.

[0005] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0006] The present invention relates generally to the field of marine telemetry and more specifically to measure meteorological and oceanographic data in a real-time to enhance navigational safety, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability. The present invention integrates real-time meteorological and oceanographic data with data-driven solutions that directly impact port and vessel operations.

[0007] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Ports and their operations play a vital role in a nation’s economic, social, and cultural landscape. Traditional ports or harbours consider historical and forecasted meteorological parameters to issue warnings or notices to vessels about adverse weather conditions such as storms, heavy winds, or fog. Those data are utilized to manage the port operations, plan the voyage, route the vessels, assess the environmental impact, and maritime research.

[0009] In the context of port operations, historical and forecasted data are vital for long-term analysis and planning, but they have certain drawbacks, especially when precise and prompt responses are required. It can provide insights into past trends and events, but it may not accurately predict future conditions with enough accuracy, particularly in an environment that is changing rapidly. Historical data may be outdated, and forecasted data can have inherent uncertainties, making it less reliable for immediate decision-making. Therefore, relying solely on historical and forecasted data can result in missed opportunities for optimization, efficiency, and risk mitigation that can only be realized with real-time information. Real-time data provides the most up-to-date and accurate information because it reflects the current state of the situation. In critical situations, having real-time data allows for immediate decision-making for applications like navigation safety in the maritime industry. Hence, real-time data is indeed often considered better than forecasted and historical data due to its high accuracy, immediate decision-making, and crucial role in crisis management. In order to make the port operation more efficient, safe, and sustainable, taking real-time climatic and environmental data measured within the port or harbour is essential.

[0010] Transferring the real-time data for port operation presents a set of complex challenges. The foundational requirement of a reliable and high-speed transmission network is essential to enable the flow of real-time information. Simultaneously, managing the vast and diverse data streams from various sources is a critical task, demanding effective integrating solutions. Environmental factors such as harsh conditions in port areas, can affect data collection equipment. Real-time data is only valuable if it can be interpreted correctly and acted upon. Ports need data analytics and visualization tools to make sense of the information. Additionally, due to the growing demands and challenges of maritime trade, there is a need to transform traditional ports into smart ports using advanced technology and data-driven solutions. Advanced systems, including real-time data collection and predictive analytics, can enhance safety and operational efficiency in ports and harbours, and these technologies are becoming increasingly prevalent in the maritime industry.

[0011] The present invention provides a system and method for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network for smart ports and harbours. The present invention leverages innovative technologies and data-driven solutions to enhance the operational efficiency of the port or harbour, vessels, navigational safety, and sustainability. The present system provides a real-time data interface and uses a real-time condition monitoring system that monitors the time, location, battery voltage, signal strength, and remote access to the buoy. It also provides remote access and maintenance using cloud-based VPN tunnels and AT commands via SMS to communicate with the embedded controller, gateways, and digital sensors. The present invention offers an on-board telemetry system that transmits sensor data to the receiving station, thereby aiding data-driven solutions such as Estimated Arrival Time, Just in Time, Voyage Planning, Vehicle Traffic Services or Vehicle Traffic Management System, Smart Docking Aid, and Real-time Under Keel Clearance. The present invention provides all the climatic data necessary for this system.

[0012] Various prior arts have disclosed real-time data measuring stations using buoyage networks:

[0013] US patent application US20210223041A1 discloses a system and method for measuring ocean data using a data and acquisition module that is mounted on a floating body such as a buoy and boat. The system also consists of a sensor array, a solar panel, a geospatial location engine, a wave measurement engine, and a communication engine to transmit the collected data to a remote device through wireless transmission. The above prior art relates solely to floating measuring stations and does not have the network of buoys with Land-based measuring stations, while the present invention pertains to a network of moored marker cum data buoy and Land-based real-time measuring stations. The present invention has a buoy with a two- point mooring system whereas the cited prior has a single -point mooring system. This two- point mooring system offers a distinct advantage in terms of stability and reduced vulnerability to shifts in positions.

[0014] US patent application US8653967B1 describes a method of transmitting communication signals from a buoy to a remote receiver through wireless communication. The buoy is equipped with a sensor to detect the local conditions around the communication buoy and generates data based on these conditions. The present invention pertains to the network of moored marker cum data buoy and Land-based real-time measuring stations within a port or harbour, whereas the cited prior art is related to a method of selectively transmitting communication signals from a communication buoy to a remote receiver. It is notable that the present invention utilizes transceivers at both ends (buoy and remote station), facilitating bilateral communication for remote maintenance through an established data link. In contrast, the cited prior art has the emitter at the buoy and the receiver at the remote station. This bilateral communication capability ensures seamless interaction between the buoy and the remote station, facilitating a real-time condition monitoring system that monitors the real-time location, signal strength, and battery voltage. This feature represents a significant advancement compared to the prior art, which lacks this capability.

[0015] Chinese patent application CN107990880B pertains to marine ecology monitoring buoy stations. It provides the real-time transmission of ocean parameters at different water depths. Data exchange between two buoy stations occurs through a data communication line and transmits to the remote-control station via a satellite data communication module. The present invention differs from the cited prior art as it does not incorporate sub-buoys. Notably, the present invention includes dynamic freeboard compensation, tide measurement facility, and remote maintenance through cloud-based VPN tunnels which are all absent in this mentioned prior art. The inclusion of these features in the present invention will significantly contribute to enhancing the productivity of ports and harbours.

[0016] To address the aforementioned limitations of the prior arts, the present invention introduces a buoyage network to collect real-time meteorological and oceanographic data which is crucial for port operations, navigational safety, and environmental sustainability. The present invention provides real-time data which is required for smart port systems such as estimated time arrival, just in time, voyage planning system, vehicle traffic service system or vehicle traffic management system, Smart docking aid system, and a real-time under keel clearance system. The present invention incorporates buoys fitted with components such as photovoltaic or solar panels, marine lanterns, batteries, control panels, radar reflector, and antennas. The present invention utilises the power using photovoltaic or solar cell for the enclosed marine lantern, electrical power panel, instrumentation panel and all the underwater sensors.

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention is deployed with a submersible marine sensor payload for surface sea, river, or riverbed monitoring in a moon pool arrangement. This allows for effective and precise data collection in submerged environments, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of marine conditions. The present invention provides the HOP network between the buoy and land-based measuring stations for real-time data transfer and remote maintenance. The present invention measures tide using a bottom-mounted dual frequency altimeter, a bottom pressure sensor, or both. The present invention incorporates tide compensation (accommodating / compensating for the changes in tide) through a dynamic freeboard sensor, ensuring precise and long-term water level measurements. The present invention also provides real-time tide compensation for unmanned surface vessel (USV) -based bathymetry or manual bathymetry within ports or harbours. This capability enables the rapid preparation of nautical charts, enhancing efficiency in maritime navigation. The present invention provides real-time tidal measurements by an Al-based prediction system, specifically tailored for ports or harbours. These advanced features enhance the accuracy and reliability of tide predictions, contributing to the improvement of operational planning and navigational safety. The integration of the aforementioned features elevate the present invention as a significant advancement in the field over prior art.

[0018] OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0019] It is the main object of the present invention to provide a system for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network for smart ports and harbours.

[0020] It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a land-based measuring station that can be mounted at the wharf, jetty, or quay wall of the port or harbours and a buoy-based measurement station moored at the port waters.

[0021] It is another object of the present invention to provide a buoy-based measuring station deployed with submersible marine sensors in a moonpool arrangement.

[0022] It is another object of the present invention to provide a buoy-based measuring station with photovoltaic cells / solar panels to power the enclosed marine lantern, electrical power panel, instrumentation panel, and all the underwater sensors.

[0023] It is another object of the present invention to provide a land-based measuring station comprising the submersible sensor payload connected to an umbilical cord.

[0024] It is another object of the present invention to provide a system that aids data-driven solutions such as an Estimated Arrival Time system, Just in Time system, Voyage planning system, Vehicle traffic service system or vehicle traffic management system, Smart Docking Aid system, a Real-time Under Keel Clearance system. It is another object of the present invention to provide wireless data transmission to the remote- controlled station through onboard internet gateways or satellite MODEM or long-range radio frequency.

[0025] It is another object of the present invention to provide remote access and maintenance using cloud-based VPN tunnels and AT commands via SMS to communicate with the embedded controller, gateways, and digital sensors.

[0026] It is another object of the present invention to provide a real-time data interface and use a realtime condition monitoring system that monitors the time, location, battery voltage, signal strength, etc.

[0027] It is another object of the present invention to provide a real-time tidal measurement using a bottom-mounted dual frequency altimeter or bottom pressure or both.

[0028] It is another object of the present invention to provide an Al-based tide prediction system suitable for ports or harbours, where real-time tide data can be used in bathymetry and in the preparation of nautical charts.

[0029] It is another object of the present invention to provide real-time meteorological and oceanographic data, enhancing port efficiency and safety, whereas, in the past, usage of historical and forecast data was prevalent.

[0030] It is another object of the present invention to develop a system for providing real-time data about water quality, oil spillage, and pollution levels, wherein these data can be used to develop and implement environmental protection policies and regulations by the port or harbour authorities.

[0031] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0032] The present invention is a land-based / buoy-based system for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network for smart ports and harbours. The present invention provides a real-time buoy-based and land-based measuring station that leverages innovative technologies and data-driven solutions to enhance the operational efficiency of the port or harbour, vessels, navigational safety, and sustainability. The present system discloses a real-time measuring station which is both land-based and buoy-based. Land- based measuring stations are mounted at a wharf or jetty or quay wall of port and harbours, also known as in-house / fixed stations. Buoy-based or floating measuring stations can be moored to the seabed at the port waters, with the marine navigation marking as per the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA).

[0033] The present invention discloses an on-board telemetry system that transmits sensor data to the receiving station, thereby aiding data-driven solutions such as Estimated Arrival Time, Just In Time, Voyage Planning, Vehicle Traffic Services or Vehicle Traffic Management System, Smart Docking Aid, and Real-time Under Keel Clearance. The present invention also provides an Al-based tide prediction system suitable for ports or harbours, where real-time tide data can be used in bathymetry and in the preparation of nautical charts. The present invention also provides a real-time tidal measurement using a bottom-mounted dual frequency altimeter or bottom pressure or both.

[0034] The present invention discloses a system in which the embedded controller mounted inside the instrumentation panel is programmed to acquire all the analog and digital data from digital marine sensors. After the data is processed, it gets stored in the internal memory and transmitted to the remote-control station through onboard internet by wireless gateways or satellite MODEM or long-range radio frequency. An HOP network is provided that integrates both land-based and buoy-based measuring stations and in case of poor network connectivity, the internet can be shared through the HOP network. The present invention features remote access and maintenance of a buoy-based station using cloud-based VPN tunnels and AT commands via SMS, which can be communicated with the embedded controller, gateways, and digital sensors. Further, the present invention enables real-time condition monitoring that monitors the time, location, battery voltage signal strength, etc.

[0035] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 illustrates a buoy-based and land-based real-time meteorological and oceanographic system of the buoyage network according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 illustrates a real-time meteorological and oceanographic buoy of the buoyage network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 illustrates a real-time meteorological and oceanographic buoy station of the buoyage network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 illustrates a real-time Land based meteorological and oceanographic system of the buoyage network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 illustrates a Functional block diagram of an instrumentation panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 illustrates an Electrical power panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 illustrates a Flow chart of the steps of measurement of real-time meteorological and oceanographic data in a buoyage network according to an embodiment of the present invention. List of reference numerals and Part names with respect to the Figures:

[0042] A. Buoy based Realtime Meteorological and oceanographic station

[0043] B. Land based Realtime Meteorological and oceanographic station

[0044] 1. Buoyancy chamber

[0045] 2. Auxiliary buoyancy chamber

[0046] 3. Instrumentation panel

[0047] 4. Electrical power Panel

[0048] 5. Battery storage unit

[0049] 6. Cable tray

[0050] 7. Mast

[0051] 8. Water sealed manhole

[0052] 9. Ladder

[0053] 10. Goose neck

[0054] 11. Lifting hook

[0055] 12. Mooring eye pads

[0056] 13. Moon pool duct 14. Clump weight layers

[0057] 15. Bottom flange

[0058] 16. Top flange

[0059] 17. Retractable sensor mounting frame

[0060] 18. Marine lantern

[0061] 19. Solar panels

[0062] 20. RADAR reflectors

[0063] 21. Dynamic free board sensor

[0064] 22. Cellular antenna

[0065] 23. Long range Radio frequency antenna

[0066] 24. RF antenna cum atmospheric antenna support

[0067] 25. Submersible marine sensor payload

[0068] 26. Umbilical sensor cable entry

[0069] 27. Weather station with built in GNSS receiver

[0070] 28. Foundation structure

[0071] 29. Non-contact tide level sensor

[0072] 30. Connecting rod

[0073] 31. Tensioning rope

[0074] 32. Tuning buckle tensioner

[0075] 33. Photovoltaic or solar panel support frame

[0076] 34. Sensor orienting frame

[0077] 35. Pulley

[0078] 36. GNSS receiver

[0079] 37. Bottom base plate

[0080] 38. PV or Solar panel orienting provision

[0081] 39. Marine mooring chain

[0082] 40. Shackle

[0083] 41. RCC sinker

[0084] 42. Scrap Chain

[0085] 43. Navigational marking While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of examples in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0086] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms, and the inventor should appropriately interpret the concept of the term appropriately to describe its own invention in the best way. The present invention should be construed as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that it can be defined. Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that equivalents and modifications are possible.

[0087] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH RESPECT TO THE DRAWINGS

[0088] The present invention as embodied by "A system and method for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network" succinctly fulfills the above- mentioned need(s) in the art. The present invention has objective(s) arising as a result of the above-mentioned need(s), said objective(s) being enumerated below. In as much as the objective(s) of the present invention are enumerated, it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, the enumerated objective(s) are not exhaustive of the present invention in its entirety and are enclosed solely for the purpose of illustration. Further, the present invention encloses within its scope and purview, any structural alternative(s) and / or any functional equivalent(s) even though, such structural alternative / s) and / or any functional equivalent(s) are not mentioned explicitly herein or elsewhere, in the present disclosure. The present invention therefore encompasses also, any improvisation(s) / modification(s) applied to the structural alternative / s) / functional alternative / s) within its scope and purview. The present invention may be embodied in other specific form(s) without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof.

[0089] Throughout this specification, the use of the word "comprise" and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising" may imply the inclusion of an element or elements not specifically recited.

[0090] DEFINITIONS OF THE KEYWORDS:

[0091] • UTC — Coordinated Universal time.

[0092] • IALA — International Association of Marine aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities

[0093] • PV — Photo Voltaic

[0094] • USV — Unmanned Surface Vessel

[0095] • loT Internet of Things

[0096] • VPN — Virtual Private Network

[0097] • AT — Attention Commands

[0098] • ETA — Estimated Time Arrival

[0099] • JIT — Just In Time

[0100] • VP — Voyage Planning

[0101] • VTS - Vehicle Traffic Services

[0102] • VTMS — Vehicle Traffic Management System

[0103] • SDA — Smart Docking Aid

[0104] • RT- UKC — Real-time Under Keel Clearance

[0105] • ETA System: An ETA system is a system that predicts the arrival time of a vessel at a destination. ETA systems can be based on a variety of factors, including the current location of the vessel, traffic conditions, and the route being taken. ETA systems can be used to provide terminal operators with real-time updates on the arrival time of their delivery. • JIT System: A JIT system is a production and inventory system in which raw materials and components arrive at a manufacturing plant or distribution center just as they are needed in the production process. This enables the system to reduce costs by minimizing inventory levels and storage space.

[0106] • VP system: Voyage Planning systems for the vessels are used to ensure that ships arrive at their destinations safely and efficiently. This yields a feasible route map and improves the efficiency of port or harbour operations, reducing the time of shipping and associated carbon emissions.

[0107] • VTMS / VTS System: VTMS systems are used to improve the safety and efficiency of maritime traffic by providing vessels with information about other vessels in the area, as well as information about weather and sea conditions. VTMS systems can use a variety of technologies to track vessels, including radar, automatic identification system (AIS), and satellite-based positioning systems. VTMS systems can also use long-range cameras to monitor traffic and identify vessels that may be posing a safety hazard.

[0108] • SDA System: Smart Docking Aids assist with docking, including radar, cameras, lasers and larger Light Emitting Diode (LED) Displays. Smart Docking Aids can provide ship captains with information about the distance, and velocity to the dock, the wind and current conditions, approaching angle, and the presence of other vessels in the area.

[0109] • RT-UKC System: Real-Time Under Keel Clearance System is a system that provides ships with real-time information about the clearance between the bottom of the ship and the seabed. RTUKC systems use a variety of sensors, including echo sounders, GNSS receivers, and gyroscopes, to measure the ship's position and the charted depth from the port to determine the under-keel clearance of the vessel in real-time.

[0110] The present invention provides a system that aids data-driven solutions such as Estimated Arrival Time (“ETA”) System, Just In Time (“JIT”) system, Voyage Planning (“VP”) system, Vessel Traffic Management System (“VTMS”) or Vessel Traffic System (“VTS”), Smart Docking Aid (“SDA”) and Real Time- Under Keel Clearance system (“RT-UKC”) to enhance operational efficiency of ports or harbours and vessels, navigational safety, and sustainability. All the climatic data required for this system are catered by the present invention.

[0111] DESCRIPTION OF CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF LAND-BASED OR BUOYBASED MEASURING STATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE FIGURES:

[0112] The present invention provides a system for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network for smart ports and harbours. As seen in Figs. 2 and 3, It consists of a moored floating station or moored buoy (A), or network of buoy-based measurement stations moored at the port or harbour waters with the marine navigation marking as per the IALA (International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities). The present invention also provides land-based real-time meteorological and oceanographic measurement stations (B) mounted at jetties or wharves or quay walls of ports or harbours as seen in Fig. 4. The said floating structure is protected by an enclosed section with all instrumentation and cables held internally.

[0113] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system is provided with components such as photovoltaic or solar panels (38), marine lanterns (18), batteries, control panels, radar reflectors (20), submersible sensor payloads (25), antennae (20, 22, 23), and other sensors, which are secured within the central structure, providing protection against harsh environmental conditions, and for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data.

[0114] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system is provided with a steel buoy structure which is a cylindrical structure featuring a mast (7). The steel buoy structure includes a mounting provision at the top and a vent pipe (13) is inserted from the bottom of a conical section to the top of the cylindrical section.

[0115] Additionally, stiffeners are integrated into each section to strengthen the structure. Each compartment section such as buoyancy chamber and auxiliary buoyancy chamber of the buoy are provided with an electrical power panel (4) and instrumentation panel (3) which are mounted inside the buoy chamber placed at the mast and are waterproof and accommodates all the electronics. The buoy further includes lifting hooks (11) on top deck of the buoy for easy hoisting, as well as pad eyes (12) at the bottom for mooring purposes.

[0116] At the top of the deck platform of the structure, water-sealed manhole flanges are provided to allow access to the power and instrumentation panels (3) mounted within the buoyancy chamber. Manhole is essential for the hassle-free maintenance after deployment of the floating structure of buoy. The water sealing is provided using gasketed top lid.

[0117] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein in the electrical power panel (4) the solar panels (19) and secondary battery units are connected to a charge manager. The output of the charge manager is connected to DC-DC converter to provide regulated DC voltage to all onboard and submersible sensors via the instrumentation panel (3). The charge manager is programmed to isolate the solar panels (19) on the event of reaching overcharging levels and isolate the instrumentation panel from the batteries on the event of under charging levels.

[0118] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the Instrumentation panel (3) consists of an embedded controller, Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for analog signal interfaces, a ethernet switch to interconnect Embedded controller, RTU, Wireless communication gateway, one or more of digital marine sensors such as echo based depth sounders, sound velocity meter, motion sensor, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor, Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter (ADV) or Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Dissolved Oxygen, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), electronic weather station (27) and air quality sensors etc. The real time embedded controller is adapted to acquire all the digital and analog data and synchronize the data with time. The instrumentation panel (3) is designed to withstand the harsh marine environment, featuring water-sealed and marine-grade metal enclosures. It is strategically mounted at masts, depending on the deployment location, to ensure optimal performance and durability. The Instrumentation panel (3) is mounted within the Buoyancy chamber (1) if the deployment location is far away from the shore in case of buoy-based system. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the buoy-based measuring station is provided with the ballast weight at the bottom of the structure, which is internally welded to the cylinder to provide additional weight that can be fixed or removed as needed.

[0119] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the buoy utilizes a keel consisting of a heavy counterweight below the waterline, which stabilizes the buoy. While the principal elements determining the sea-keeping abilities of the buoy are established through hull design, buoyancy, and weight distribution, greater flexibility is achieved by incorporating a ballast weight at the bottom of the assembly. This ballast weight provides an accessible means to counterbalance the effects of additional moments or high-wave activity.

[0120] Mooring System: The buoy system disclosed by the present invention employs a two-point mooring system, with mooring lines oriented in the resultant annual flow direction of the water current. The mooring eye pad (12) of the floating buoy platform is designed with a high-proof load to withstand the peak mooring tension, which can occur due to accidental use of the marker buoy as a mooring point by fishing boats, as well as to prevent entanglement with floating trees, nets, and other debris in the marine mooring lines (39).

[0121] Cathodic protection: The present invention employs cathodic protection, a method that uses electrical principles to protect buried steel structures like storage tanks and piping from corrosion, thus extending their lifespan. This approach prevents metal deterioration when exposed to the environment, such as soil or water, by applying a controlled electrical current to the buoy structure. This current effectively makes the structure act as a cathode, counteracting the corrosive process and preserving the integrity and functionality of these crucial components.

[0122] Stability: The present invention significantly enhances the stability of floating buoys by incorporating a thorough evaluation of hydrodynamic stability parameters. This comprehensive analysis encompasses assessing the weight distribution of the various components of metallic buoys, estimating crucial factors such as flotation size and shape, and determining essential characteristics including the center of gravity, freeboard draught, center of buoyancy, metacentric height, radius of gyration, righting moment, heave, roll, pitch, and oscillating period. These calculations are performed for both free-floating and moored conditions, accounting for the specific wave environment in which the buoys operate. Furthermore, when evaluating the stability of steel hulls, careful consideration is given to the effects of adding ballast weights, ensuring the safe and stable operation of these vital maritime structures.

[0123] In another embodiment of the present invention, wherein real-time land based meteorological and oceanographic measurement station (B) is mounted on wharf, quay wall or jetty walls of ports / harbours. The components used are the same as buoy-based station (A), but their mounting and deployment method differs. The electrical power panel (4) and the instrumentation panel (3) are mounted on a metallic pole frame. The submersible sensor payload (25) is connected to an umbilical cable routed to the wharf or quay wall or jetty walls. The umbilical cable is a water sealed submersible cable that provides auxiliary power and data interface for the submerged sensor payloads. The embedded controller is mounted inside the instrumentation panel (3) and is programmed to acquire all the analog and digital data and time and synchronize the same.

[0124] Key components and structure of meteorological and oceanographic buoy station of the buoyage network:

[0125] 1. Buoyancy chamber

[0126] Main buoyancy chamber is made of metal which houses the electrical panel and batteries. The entry and exit power cables though the chamber is managed through the water sealed neck. The personnel can access pre and post off shore deployment mane through the water sealed man hole (8) and the ladder (9).

[0127] 2. Auxiliary buoyancy chamber

[0128] Auxiliary buoyancy chamber is a metallic water sealed truncated cone volume isolated from the main buoyancy chamber.

[0129] 3. Instrumentation panel

[0130] As seen in fig. 5, the Instrumentation panel (3) consists of an Embedded controller with an internal storage / memory, Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for analog signal interfaces, a ethernet switch to interconnect Embedded controller, Wireless communication gateway, Digital marine sensors such as echo based depth sounders, sound velocity meter, motion sensor, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor, Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter (ADV) or Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Dissolved Oxygen, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), electronic weather station (27) and air quality sensors etc.

[0131] 4. Electrical power Panel

[0132] As seen in Fig. 6, the electrical power panel consists of one or more battery units (5) sized to cater atleast for three weeks without the charging support of the PV panels (19) and a 12V DC charge manager which manages the PV or solar charging. The charge manager isolates the PV panels (19) on achievement of maximum battery terminal voltage and isolates the battery unit / s (5) on allowable under voltage. The managed DC power output is connected to battery and a DC-DC boost converter to get regulated 24V DC power from 12V DC to the instrumentation panel (3).

[0133] The DC voltage and PV charging currents are being monitored by DC voltage and current sensors which are interfaced to instrumentation panel for the condition monitoring purposes. Power panel (4) is made up of a marine grade water proof enclosure and mounted within the Buoyancy chamber in case of buoy station or mounted on metallic support pole in case of land-based station. All the power cables are routed through a cable tray (6) and the entry to the buoyancy chamber (1) for the interfaces of the electrical power cable is through a goose neck (10).

[0134] 5. Battery storage unit

[0135] The power storge system is sized so as to get a full month backup. The charging is done through a hybrid charging. The power generated from PV or solar panels (19) are stored in the battery through the charge manager. In case of Land based stations (B), the battery storage unit kept within the electrical power panel (4). In case of the Buoy (A), the battery units are kept within the buoyancy chamber (1).

[0136] 6. Cable tray The cable trays are made up of Polymer material and metal with anti-corrosive coating. This houses the power and instrumentation cables within the buoyancy chamber (1) and the mast (7) of the floating structure.

[0137] 7. Mast

[0138] Mast is truss tower made of steel pipes or equivalent GRP members to accommodate atmospheric sensor / s, marine lantern (18), PV or solar panels (19) and its support frame, RADAR reflector (20), IALA navigational marking (43), GNSS receiver, RF radio MODEM and or satellite MODEM or GSM MODEM antennae.

[0139] 8. Water sealed manhole

[0140] The manhole provides access to the power (4) and instrumentation panels (3) mounted within the buoyancy chamber (1). Manhole is essential for the hassle-free maintenance after deployment of the floating structure of buoy. The water sealing is provided using gasketed top lid.

[0141] 9. Ladder

[0142] Ladder located within the water sealed man hole (8) of the buoyancy chamber (1) of the metallic buoy provides access to the main buoyancy chamber (1) and is welded with the internal wall of the buoyancy chamber.

[0143] 10. Goose neck

[0144] The Goose neck is an inverted U-shaped duct extended from the top deck to provide water sealed routing of the power and instrument cables. The water sealing by means of sealant resin done after routing of cables.

[0145] 11. Lifting hook

[0146] Naval lifting hooks are mounted on the top deck to hold it for the deployment and retrieval operation. Lifting hook is a metallic hook used for lifting and handling of the floating buoy structure. There are multiple hooks on the top deck of the floating structure and each can cater to the required proof load of the floating structure.

[0147] 12. Mooring eye pads The mooring eye pads (12) are metallic hooks which are used to link the mooring lines to the floating structure of the floating buoy structure. The mooring eye pads (12) are in submerged condition in case of a deployed floating buoy structure. There are multiple hooks on the top deck of the floating structure and each can cater to the required proof load of the floating structure. Eye pads (12) are chosen based on the break loads of the Mooring chain (39).

[0148] 13. Moonpool duct

[0149] Moonpool duct is a concentric metallic duct suitable for underwater deployment or fixation of submersible marine instruments or sensors such as echo sounder, Acoustic Doppler Current profiler (ADCP), Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter (ADV), Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) etc.

[0150] 14. Clump weight layers

[0151] The floating structure is hydrostatically stable naturally. Clump weights are add-on weights attached to the bottom flange of the floating structure or buoy in order to tune the motion response as per the major environmental disturbances such as swell and wave.

[0152] 15. Bottom flange

[0153] The bottom flange is a welded flange at the Foot duct. This provides mounting provision for the retractable sensor mounting assembly (17).

[0154] 16. Top flange

[0155] The top flange is a welded flange at the top of the moon pool duct on the top deck. This provides mounting provision for the retractable sensor mounting assembly (17).

[0156] 17. Retractable sensor mounting assembly

[0157] All the submerged sensor payloads (25) are mounted in the truss assembly made up of aluminum of marine coated steel frame. This assembly is fitted on the top flange (16).

[0158] 18. Marine lantern

[0159] The marine lantern is a LED type flashing light as per the program by the IR remote or a Bluetooth device. The said lantern is mounted on top of the mast of the floating structure or buoy. The flashing pattern can be programmed in terms of consecutive ON and OFF cycles as per the requirement of ports and harbours.

[0160] 19. Solar panels

[0161] Solar panels or Photovoltaic panels are sized to cater the onboard electrical power demand for all the connected sensors, instrumentation panel (3), Marine lantern (18) etc. The said panels are oriented using PV or solar panel support frame (33).

[0162] 20. RADAR reflectors

[0163] This is made up of anodized aluminum to reflect S band or X band or Ku or Ka band RADAR of the Vessel Traffic System (VTS) of the vessel and Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) of the port or harbour.

[0164] 21. Dynamic freeboard pressure sensor

[0165] A high precision pressure is fixed at a definite elevation from the top deck of the proposed moon pool of the buoyancy chamber. This is mounted using retractable sensor mounting frame (17). This is helpful for ensuring the healthy floatation of the deployed buoy on critical climatic conditions such as storms, bore tides etc.

[0166] 22. Mobile network antenna

[0167] Low gain Cellular antenna suitable for mobile communication gateway model is mounted in the instrumentation panel. This covers GSM / 3G / LTE / 5G bands of frequencies in order to get the internet using mobile network.

[0168] 23. Long range Radio frequency antenna

[0169] Low gain omni directional antenna is mounted on the mast of the buoy (7) system using antenna support (24) whereas shore station has multiple mono directional sector antenna arrays. These sector antennae are positioned and oriented considering the drifting position of the buoy during extreme conditions and the maximum tide recorded at the deployed site of the buoy. In case of fixed meteorological cum oceanographic station, low gain omni directional antenna are used. All the stations are made as a hop using point to multi point based networking in order to avoid availability of internet to the installed stations. The MODEM of the long-range radio frequency communication is mounted in the instrumentation panel.

[0170] 24. RF antenna and electronic weather station support

[0171] The support is made up of metal pipe or square channel welded with a holding bracket. This provides the mechanical connection between RF antenna and weather station.

[0172] 25. Submersible marine sensor payload

[0173] Submersible marine sensor payload includes any one or combination of echo based depth sounders, sound velocity meter, Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor, Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter (ADV) or Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Wave and tide sensor, Dissolved Oxygen, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) with digital interface with serial data with NMEA0183 or NMEA2000 or Controller Area Network (CAN) protocols acquired through RS232, RS422, RS485 interface or UDP, TCP interface.

[0174] 26. Umbilical sensor cable entry

[0175] It’s a metallic flanged provision to accommodate the umbilical cables firm connection to the buoy for the reliable cable entry to the buoy for interfacing to the instrumentation panel (3) placed inside the buoyancy chamber (1) of the floating real-time meteorological measurement system. As the depth is very shallow and to adopt multi sensor topology in a time synchronized and economic manner the proposed umbilical cable interface is advantageous than induction mooring based sensor interface or acoustic MODEM based sensor interface which has primary batteries and limited offshore deployment working times.

[0176] 27. Electronic weather station with built in GNSS receiver

[0177] Weather station measures latitude, longitude, UTC time, Ambient air pressure, Air temperature, relative humidity, solar irradiance, wind speed, wind direction with respect to true north, input battery voltage etc. The real-time data measured by the electronic weather station is digitally interfaced to telemetry system by means of instrumentation cables. 28. Foundation structure

[0178] The land-based tide cum meteorological system is installed at Wharf or jetty of the port or harbour premises. The foundation is made on these structures suitably to mount a bottom baseplate of the tide cum meteorological system frame.

[0179] 29. Non-contact tide level sensor

[0180] Ultrasonic or RADAR or LIDAR based sensor can be used to measure the water level from the sensor tip. The signal output of the sensor can be analog 4 to 20mA DC or digital interface by RS232 or Modbus TCP protocol. The said sensor is oriented to face the water level by sensor orienting frame (34).

[0181] 30. Connecting rod

[0182] The connecting rod provides the connection between the non-contact tide level sensor to the metallic pole of the fixed meteorological real-time station.

[0183] 31. Tensioning rope

[0184] The tensioning rope is made of steel used to adjust the vertical position of the non-contact tide level sensor to measure accurate tide data. The tensioning rope is routed through the pulley (35). The tension of the rope is adjusted by a turning buckle (32)

[0185] 32. Turning buckle tensioner

[0186] The turnbuckles are made up of galvanized steel or stainless steel. These are used to vary the tension on the tensioning rope to make minor positional adjustments.

[0187] 33. PV or solar panel support frame

[0188] Support frame of the land based real-time meteorological system is used to mount the solar panel and it adds rigidity to solar panels. The inclination angles of the PV or solar panels (19) are as per summer and winter time sun angles based on the statistical data of the installed location.

[0189] 34. Sensor orienting frame

[0190] Non-contact tide level sensor of the land based real-time meteorological and oceanographic measurement station is oriented to see the water surface and this also helps to orient the electronics weather station (27) oriented to true north of the earth. 35. Pulley

[0191] Steel or combination rope will be used to ensure or adjust the straightness of the noncontact tide level sensor of the land based real-time meteorological system.

[0192] 36. RTK GNSS receiver

[0193] The real-time mean sea level (MSL) or Chart datum corrections are received from the post processed the continuous real-time raw data. This will be used to calibrate and benchmark the tide level measured by the real-time meteorological and oceanographic measurement stations (A) (B) of the buoyage system.

[0194] 37. Bottom base plate

[0195] The baseplate is made up of metal and connected to the pole frame of the land-based station (B). This is bolted and connected to the civil foundation made on the jetty or quay wall or wharf of the port or harbour.

[0196] 38. PV or Solar panel orienting frame

[0197] The land-based real-time meteorological and oceanographic measurement station (B) has a provision to rightly orient the PV or solar panels (19) towards the true south direction of the earth. The panel arrays are divided into two equal parts and one part is oriented to the mean sun angle of the summer and other set is oriented towards mean sun angle during the winter season of the installed location. This will minimize the down time due to the poor charging of the battery storage unit (5).

[0198] 39. Marine mooring line

[0199] The mooring lines are made of components such as mooring chain, steel wire, synthetic fiber rope, connectors and anchor points. The components chosen depends on the environmental conditions and the maximum mooring load. Chain has a broad-use experience in offshore mooring systems, and is durable, easy to inspect and terminate and is cost effective. Two different types of chains are used predominantly, stud link and studless chains. It is available in different ranges of types, sizes and grades. These grades are associated with different strength and durability characteristics. It can also be easily connected with shackles. 40. Shackle

[0200] Shackles are used to establish the firm connection with the mooring components. The shackles are used as a connector for many offshore mooing systems. The shackle is U- shaped and it consists of a metal bow, which is secured with a pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism. There are many different types of shackles available depending upon the size, shape and applications.

[0201] 41. Reinforced concrete sinker

[0202] A deadweight anchor is a heavy object placed on the seafloor to resist vertical and lateral loading. It is fabricated from concrete and steel and configured to enhance lateral capacity. Deadweight anchors are often used because they are inexpensive and readily sized for most seafloor and loading conditions. The sinker is a block made up of Cast steel or lead or Reinforced Concrete. This will connect to the mooring chain (39) and deployed at the designated sea or river location using crane barges, winched tugs or lounges or pontoons.

[0203] 42. Scrap chain

[0204] The scrap chain is made up of used or damaged marine chain bundles and attached suitably and deployed along with the concrete sinker (41). The scrap chain bundle is to increase the holding power by increasing the contact to the deployed sea or river bed.

[0205] 43. Standard navigation Marker

[0206] Lateral marks indicate the edges of a channel as per IALA standards. These marks are by means of buoy color of the said buoyage system and a marker is mounted on top of the mast (7).

[0207] 1. Cardinal marks indicate the direction of safe water at a dangerous spot.

[0208] 2. Safe water marks indicate the deep water and open end of a channel. DESCRIPTION OF DEPLOYMENT OF BUOY-BASED MEASURING STATION:

[0209] The deployment process starts with the positioning and securing of a buoy with mooring chains, ropes, anchors, and concrete weights. This process ensures that the buoy is correctly located and anchored at the designated location. Here's a summary of the steps:

[0210] 1. Positioning the vessel: The deployment process begins by positioning the vessel loaded with all buoy components at the exact or very near geographical coordinates of the designated location. This is critical to ensure the buoy is deployed in the desired area.

[0211] 2. Equipment and sensor checks: Before deployment, all equipment and sensors are thoroughly checked and tested on-site. This includes verifying network coverage, links, and the performance of the equipment to ensure it functions correctly.

[0212] 3. Arranging mooring chains: Depending on the depth of the mooring point, the moorings may consist of chains, ropes, anchors, and concrete weights. The mooring chain can be arranged on the deck of the vessel, often in an "S" shape, with one end connected to the anchor and the other end connected to the buoy. The small vessel's deck space is used for arranging the chains.

[0213] 4. Towage of free floating buoy: To tow the free floating buoy structure with manhole sealed condition to get the target deployment location for the mooring, two ropes are used. One rope is tied to the upper part of the buoy body, and the other is tied to the lower part. Adjusting the length of these ropes helps maintain balance during transportation.

[0214] 5. Sinker-Last Method: The "Sinker-last method" is recommended, especially for small vessels. In this method, the buoy body is deployed first, and the mooring chain (39) is paid out as the vessel moves away. The deployment line should ideally be about three times the depth contour where the buoy is intended to be deployed.

[0215] 6. Deployment and Positioning: As the vessel moves away, the sinker naturally moves away from it, dragging the sinkers toward the mooring point. This helps position the buoy structure at the desired depth and location.

[0216] 7. Inspection: Once all mooring chains (39) and sinkers are deployed, it's important to inspect the mooring system and the condition of the submerged sensor payload, umbilical cables, and sinkers. Divers or RO Vs with camera or Sonar side scan can be used to inspect the deployed mooring system and the condition of the submerged sensor payload (25), umbilical cables (26) and sinkers (41).

[0217] By following these steps, the buoy is properly deployed and secured at the designated location, allowing it to collect data and perform its intended environmental monitoring or research functions effectively.

[0218] DESCRIPTION OF INTEGRATED MONITORING AND DATA TRANSMISSION BY THE SYSTEM AND ITS METHOD:

[0219] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a method for measuring realtime meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network is disclosed. The present invention collects sensor data, processes, and transmits real-time data for meteorological and oceanographic data.

[0220] The method comprises a real-time data acquisition controller with the analog input / output and digital / output interfaces powered by the electrical power panel (4) through a surge protector to protect the sensors from lightning and switching surges induced. The controller is placed within the instrumentation panel (3) and it is the central component that gathers the data from the sensor, both analog / digital, and synchronizes the data with time. As seen in Fig. 7, the system processes the acquired data and provides accurate and reliable measurements. Then the processed data is stored in the system’s internal memory for analysis and is transmitted to a remote-control station using multi-band, multi-mode (GSM / 3G / LTE / 5G) or long-range wireless data transmission or satellite modem or any of this combination. This connectivity enables remote data stored in the cloud, utilizing protocols like Message Queuing Telemetry Transfer (MQTT) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP). In areas with poor mobile network connectivity, the system can share internet access with nearby land- based buoy stations through the HOP network, ensuring uninterrupted data transfer.

[0221] The present system is compatible with various sensor types, offering digital interfaces for marine sensors using protocols like NMEA 0183, NMEA 2000, or Controller Area Network (CAN) via RS232, RS422, RS485, or UDP / TCP interfaces. It also handles analog interfaces such as DC milliampere or millivolt, interfacing with the RTU. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system including the embedded controller, gateways, and digital sensors can be remotely accessed for maintenance and upgrades. This is achieved through a cloud-based VPN tunnel and ATtention commands (AT) commands using SMS. In addition to environmental monitoring, the present invention provides real-time tidal measurements using an Al-based tide prediction system. For accurate tidal measurements, the present system undergoes calibration processes. In case of Calibration of Tide level, the raw water level acquired by the said system is calibrated by transferring the bench marked altitude established at the store station to the top deck of the buoy and adjusting stack height of the Electronic Total Station (ETS) of Real-Time Kinematic corrected (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) receivers and real time dynamic freeboard of the floating buoy and further incorporating the tilt angle compensation. This involves benchmarking altitudes from reference stations to the buoy’ s top deck, adjusting Electronic Total Station (ETS) stack heights, factoring in real-time dynamic freeboard, and compensating for tilt angles. The real time dynamic freeboard is further compensated in order to derive the instantaneous water elevation with reference to Mean Sea Level (MSL) and Chart Datum (CD) at the moored location of the buoy station / s.

[0222] The calibration constants can be adjusted via Virtual Private Network (VPN) within the loT Gateway or by making changes in a Structured Query Language (SQL) database, often published from MQTT clients or servers. The present invention provides a system that is equipped with a secure web interface connected to the database, allowing users to monitor realtime and historical parameters.

[0223] The present method comprises a secured web interface which is interfaced to a database to monitor the post processed real-time and historical parameters. The database and the stations (A, B) are communicatively coupled with a centralized remote server. Also, the said database can securely interface with the any one or combination and not limited to the multiple smart port features such as Estimated Arrival Time (ETA) System, Just In Time (JIT) system, Voyage Planning (VP) system, Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) or Vessel Traffic System (VTS), Smart Docking Aid (SDA) and Real Time- Under Keel Clearance system (RT-UKC) etc. As seen in Fig. 7, which illustrates a Flow chart of the method of measurement of real-time meteorological and oceanographic data in a buoyage network, all the analog sensors applicable as aforesaid in (A) or (B) stations such as bottom pressure, submersible dynamic freeboard pressure sensor, RADAR based level sensor or condition monitoring sensors such as battery voltage, PV voltage transducers are interfaced to the analog input channels of the RTU placed inside the instrumentation panel (3). All the analog input channels are ranged and calibrated and interfaced to embedded controller through the ethernet switch. The ethernet switch is also interfaced to Digital sensors with TCP communication. The Digital sensors with Serial bus or CAN bus are interfaced directly to the embedded controller. All the interfaced digital sensors as per the applicable protocol such as NMEA0183 or NMEA2000 or CAN are decoded with the preset sampling frequency and tagged with acquired time appropriately. The compensation of sound velocity, dynamic freeboard and MSL / Charted Depth (C.D) of the installed position from the port or harbour or from RTK GNSS data are applied to acquired bottom pressure sensor in order to obtain tide from (A) station. In case of station (B), the level measurement from non-contact RADAR sensor is compensated with MSL / Charted Depth (C.D) of the installed position from the port or harbour or from RTK GNSS data. All the tagged data processed by embedded real-time controller such as tide, water temperature, wave amplitude, wave direction, air pressure, air temperature, solar irradiance, rainfall, relative humidity, wind velocity, wind direction, relative humidity, water velocity, water current profile, UTC time, latitude, longitude, vertical datum, raw depth, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, dissolved Oxygen, pollutant gas levels are logged in an internal flash memory for data redundancy purpose in 5 minutes files and monthly files in ASCI format and the same file will be shared to wireless hop network through multi-mode, multi-band MODEM. The embedded controller is also programmed to publish the tagged data to remote MQTT servers using internet established through hop network or said MODEM. The logged data files in flash memory of the embedded controller are programmed to be transferred to remote FTP server securely. On the event of successful data upload, the uploaded file will be deleted from flash memory.

[0224] As ports and harbours are maintaining the navigational channels by dredging and continuously observing the channel by periodic bathymetry, using the said invention the real-time tide data can be transferred to the Unmanned surface vessel-based bathymetry or Manual bathymetry within the ports and harbours in order to make possible onboard preprocessing of the survey data and quick preparation of the nautical chart.

[0225] EXAMPLE

[0226] The invention consists of a moored floating station or moored buoy or network of buoy based realtime meteorological and oceanographic measurement stations moored at the port or harbour waters with the marine navigation marking. The said floating structure is protected by an enclosed section with all instrumentation and cables held internally which has been designed to minimize the exposure to adverse external conditions. The buoys are fitted with photovoltaic or solar panel, marine lantern, batteries, control panel, radar reflectors, submersible sensor payload & applicable antennae etc. and other sensors are secured with central structure while also provides protection to sensitive and valuable equipment.

[0227] A steel buoy structure fitted with a mast has a mounting provision for equipment fixing at top and vent pipe is inserted from the bottom of conic section to the top of the cylindrical section, and also stiffeners are provided inside of each section which strengthens the structure. In each compartment section of the buoy is waterproof to house all the electronics and then lifting hooks are provided on top for lifting and pad eyes are provided at the bottom mooring purposes. At the top of deck platform, the water sealed manholes flanges are provided for allowing the instruments to place inside of the buoy structure. At the bottom of the structure, the ballast weight is welded internally to the bottom of the cylinder for other additional weight as fixable and removable. The buoy utilizes a keel consisting of a heavy counterweight below the waterline, this stabilizes the buoy.

[0228] The said buoy system has a two -point mooring system. The mooring lines are oriented in the resultant annual flow direction of the water current. The proof load of the mooring eye pad of the floating platform is high enough to withstand the peak mooring tension due to accidental use of the marker buoy as mooring buoy by the fishing boats.

[0229] The real-time land based meteorological and oceanographic measurement station is mounted on wharf, quay wall or jetty of the port or harbour. The electrical power panel and instrumentation panel mounted on the metallic pole frame. The submersible sensor payload connected to the umbilical cable routed to the on wharf or quay wall or jetty walls. The embedded controller mounted inside the instrumentation panel is programmed to acquire all the analog and digital data and time synchronise the same. After this the processed data based on calibration are stored in the internal memory also transferred to a remote -control station through onboard internet by wireless gateway or satellite MODEM or long-range radio frequency etc.

[0230] ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0231] • The present invention provides real-time meteorological and oceanographic data with data-driven solutions to enhance navigational safety, operational efficiency, and sustainability that directly impact port and vessel operations.

[0232] • The present invention provides the onboard measurement and wireless transfer of any one or a combination of the plurality of meteorological and oceanographic parameters such as atmospheric pressure, air temperature, solar irradiance, rainfall, relative humidity, wind velocity, wind direction, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time, latitude, longitude and oceanographic parameters such as water temperature, depth, tide, density, water salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hydrocarbon, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), water current profile, wave height, wave period, tide, sound velocity, etc.

[0233] • Utilisation of the power using PV to enclose the marine lantern, electrical power panel Instrumentation panel, and all the underwater sensors.

[0234] • Configurable onboard telemetry system which accommodates analog or digital or both types of interfaces to marine sensors.

[0235] • Measurement of the tide using a bottom- mounted dual frequency altimeter or bottom pressure or both.

[0236] • Hop network of a combination of land-based and buoy-based real-time meteorological and oceanographic systems. • Data interface any one or combination of the multiple smart port features such as Estimated Arrival Time (ETA) System, Just In Time (JIT) system, Voyage Planning (VP) system, Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) or Vessel Traffic System (VTS), Smart Docking Aid (SDA) and RealTime- Under Keel Clearance system (RT- UKC) etc.,

[0237] • Tide compensation using the dynamic freeboard sensor for precise and reliable longterm water level measurements.

[0238] • The Umbilical sensor cable entry which is more advantageous than induction mooring based sensor interface or acoustic MODEM based sensor interface which has primary batteries and limited offshore deployment working times considering operating depts of ports and harbours.

[0239] • Realtime tide compensation for Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV)-based bathymetry or Manual bathymetry using said invention within the ports and harbours for the fast preparation of nautical charts.

[0240] • A two-point mooring system with a reinforced concrete -based sinker along with an old or scrap mooring chain with or without an anchor.

[0241] • Multi-band, multi-mode (GSM / 3G / LTE / 5G) or long-range wireless data transmission or satellite modem or any of this combination.

[0242] • Preprocessing using on-board micro-computer and Internet of Things (loT) enabled sensing and communication.

[0243] • Real-time data interface and use of real-time condition monitoring system that monitors the real-time location, signal strength, Battery voltage, etc.

[0244] • Remote maintenance of buoy based real-time meteorological and oceanographic measurement stations using cloud-based VPN tunnel and ATtention commands (AT) commands using SMS. • Real-time tidal measurements with Artificial Intelligence based tide prediction system suitable for the port or harbour.

[0245] • Web analytics of the system show real-time and historic data trend and Predictive analytics of the real time meteorological and oceanographic buoyage system for the port or harbours.

[0246] • Notification of meteorological and oceanographic parameters from the said buoyage system in marine Automatic Identification System (AIS) to alert or instruct vessels along with VHF radio with or without VTMS or VTS system.

[0247] • The significant wave height and wave period of the spectrum can be measured using the transfer function of the moored buoy or by the real-time sensor measurements.

[0248] • The combination of land based real-time meteorological and oceanographic measurement station and real-time meteorological and oceanographic buoy / s monitoring system operates within the ports and harbour.

[0249] Although the proposed concept has been described as a way of example with reference to various models, it is not limited to the disclosed embodiment and that alternative designs could be constructed without deviating from the scope of invention as defined above.

[0250] It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the above description is for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting. Various modifications, additions, alterations, and improvements without deviating from the scope of the invention may be made by a person skilled in the art.

Claims

We Claim,1. A system for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data using a buoyage network, Characterized in that:A Multi-marine sensor buoyage network consisting of: a. A two-point moored buoy station (A) comprises: i. A steel buoy structure featuring a mast (7) wherein the buoy is a cylindrical structure provided with a buoyancy chamber ( 1 ) and an auxiliary buoyancy chamber; ii. A vent pipe that is inserted from the bottom of a conical section to the top of the cylindrical section of the structure; iii. An instrumentation panel (3) provided with an embedded controller, remote terminal unit and wireless communication gateway enabled with a hop network mounted inside the buoy chamber (1); iv. An electrical power panel (4) with a battery unit (5); v. A ballast weight at the bottom of the structure, which is internally welded to the cylinder to provide additional weight; vi. Plurality of mooring eye pads (12) which are metallic hooks and used to link mooring lines to the floating buoy structure; b. A land-based station (B) comprises of the components similar to the buoy-based measuring station (A) and the station (B) comprising: i. A metallic pole frame on which the electrical power panel (4) and the instrumentation panel (3) are mounted; ii. A submersible sensor pay load (25) is connected to an umbilical cable routed to the wharf or quay wall or jetty walls on which the station (B) is mounted,Wherein the two-point mooring system of the buoy station (A) includes mooring lines oriented in the resultant annual flow direction of the water current,Wherein the hop network integrates plurality of the land-based (B) and the buoy -based (A) real-time meteorological and oceanographic stations.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the buoy structure comprises photovoltaic or solar panels (19), marine lantern (18), radar reflectors (20), batteries positioned in the buoyancy chamber (1) and submersible sensor payloads (25) with standard navigational marking for a vessel navigation.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compartment section of the buoy is waterproof, accommodating all the sensors, and includes lifting hooks on top for hoisting.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at the top of the deck platform of the buoy structure, water-sealed manhole flanges are provided to allow for the placement of sensors and panels inside the buoy structure.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller mounted inside the instrumentation panel (3) is adapted to acquire all the digital and analog data from the buoy structure and synchronize the data real-time.

6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the buoy structure employs cathodic protection, wherein a controlled electrical current is applied to the structure which enables the structure to act as cathode counteracting the corrosive process.

7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system processes the acquired data based on calibration, enabling accurate and reliable measurements and then the processed data is stored in the system’s internal memory for analysis and is transmitted to a remote-control station using multi-band, multi-mode (GSM / 3G / LTE / 5G) or long-range wireless data transmission or satellite modem or any of this combination.

8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the land-based station (B) is provided to rightly orient the PV or solar panels (19) towards the true south direction of the earth and the panel (19) arrays are divided into two equal parts wherein one part is oriented to the mean sun angle of the summer and other set is oriented towards mean sun angle during the winter season of the installed location, which will minimize the down time due to the poor charging of the battery storage unit (5).

9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Submersible marine sensor payload (25) includes any one or combination of echo based depth sounders, sound velocity meter, Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor, Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter (ADV) or Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), Wave and tide sensor, Dissolved Oxygen, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) with digital interface with serial data with NMEA0183 or NMEA2000 or Controller Area Network (CAN) protocols acquired through RS232, RS422, RS485 interface or UDP, TCP interface.

10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the umbilical cords are positioned in an Umbilical sensor cable entry (26) which is a metallic flange that accommodates the umbilical cables firm connection to the buoy station (A) for the cable entry to the buoy for interfacing with the instrumentation panel (3) placed inside the buoyancy chamber (1) of the real-time buoy station (A).

11. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the deployment of buoy-based measuring station (A) consists of: a. Positioning the vessel loaded with the buoy station (A) at the exact or very near geographical coordinates of the designated location; b. Checking the network and sensors of the system before deploying;c. Arrangement of mooring chains on the deck of the vessel in an "S" shape, with one end connected to the anchor and the other end connected to the buoy; d. Towing of the free floating buoy structure with the manhole in sealed condition to get the target deployment location, wherein two adjustable ropes are used for the mooring, wherein one rope is tied to the upper part of the buoy body, and the other is tied to the lower part; e. Deploying the buoy body first through a sinker and then the mooring chain (39) is pulled out as the vessel moves away, wherein the deployment line is three times the depth contour where the buoy is intended to be deployed; f. The sinker moves away from the vessel, dragging the sinkers toward the mooring point as the vessel moves away; g. Inspecting the mooring system and the condition of the submerged sensor payload (25), umbilical cables, and sinkers once all mooring chains (39) and sinkers are deployed; h. Securing the buoy station (A) at the designated location, thus enabling the buoy to collect data and perform its monitoring and analysis functions.

12. A method for measuring real-time meteorological and oceanographic data of the system using a buoyage network, comprising of: a. The controller embedded in the instrumentation panel (3) of the buoy gathers the data from the sensor, both analog / digital, and synchronizes the data real-time; b. the processed data is stored in the system’s internal memory for analysis and is transmitted to a remote-control station through hop network; c. the embedded controller, gateways, and digital sensors are remotely accessed for maintenance and upgrades;d. provides real-time tidal measurements by calibrating the raw water level acquired by the said system by transferring a bench marked altitude established at the store station to the top deck of the buoy; e. a secured web interface interfaces with a database to monitor the post processed real-time and historical parameters obtained from the stations (A, B), wherein the database and the stations (A, B) are communicatively coupled with a centralized remote server.

13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the tide is measured at an offshore location of the buoy station (A) using the marine sensor payload (25) such as altimeter or echo sounder or bottom pressure sensor or bottom mounted acoustic level recorder, and the bench marked charted depth at the deployed location is arrived / transferred using RTK GNSS receiver, wherein the tide compensation is done using the dynamic freeboard sensor data and tilt corrected with the fused raw depth data arrived from sensor to get the real-time tide trend.

14. The method as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the meteorological and oceanographic parameters include atmospheric pressure, air temperature, solar irradiance, rainfall, relative humidity, wind velocity, wind direction, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time, latitude, longitude, vertical datum, pollutant gas levels and oceanographic parameters such as water temperature, depth, tide, density, water salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hydrocarbon, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), water current profile, wave height, wave period, tide, sound velocity.

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