Information transmission methods, related device and information transmission system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of communications, and provides information transmission methods, a related device and an information transmission system. A method comprises: by means of a target network interface, a passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information, the target network interface comprising at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface being an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, the second network interface being an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node comprising a passive Internet of Things server or a network exposure network element.

Description

Information transmission method, related equipment and information transmission system

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311648869.2 filed in China on December 4, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an information transmission method, related equipment, and an information transmission system. Background Art

[0004] Passive IoT sensors utilize passive backscatter technology, which converts available wireless signals from the surrounding area into energy for their own operation through internal wireless acquisition modules. Backscatter technology is used to transmit information by modulating the data to be sent onto an input radio frequency signal. Typically, a passive IoT system includes a passive device (e.g., a passive tag), a reader / writer (e.g., a reader / writer), and an excitation source. The passive device receives and transmits information based on an excitation signal emitted by the excitation source. The excitation source and reader / writer can be separate or integrated. However, in existing passive IoT systems, the reader / writer simultaneously transmits the excitation signal and receives the reflected signal using a dedicated spectrum, resulting in a short communication distance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide an information transmission method, related equipment, and an information transmission system to solve the problem of short communication distance in existing passive Internet of Things systems.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an information transmission method, including:

[0007] The passive Internet of Things management node transmits the passive Internet of Things related information through the target network interface;

[0008] Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, and the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0009] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an information transmission method, including:

[0010] The access network device transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;

[0011] Among them, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

[0012] In a third aspect, the present disclosure further provides an information transmission method, including:

[0013] The target node transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;

[0014] The second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a passive Internet of Things management node, including:

[0016] The first transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things through the target network interface;

[0017] Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, and the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0018] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an access network device, including:

[0019] The second transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;

[0020] Among them, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

[0021] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a target node, including:

[0022] A third transceiver module is used to transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;

[0023] The second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0024] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an information transmission system, including a passive device, an access network device, a passive Internet of Things management node, a target node, and a target network interface;

[0025] Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, and the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0026] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a communication device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the method provided in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps in the method provided in the second aspect are implemented, or the steps in the method provided in the third aspect are implemented.

[0027] In the ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the method provided in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps in the method provided in the second aspect are implemented, or the steps in the method provided in the third aspect are implemented.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, and the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element, that is, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the access network device through the first network interface, and / or, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the target node through the second network interface, so that the passive Internet of Things related information can be transmitted through the cellular network, which is conducive to improving the communication distance of the passive Internet of Things system; in addition, since the passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted directly through the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device and / or the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, the process of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information in the cellular network can be simplified, and the efficiency of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0030] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an RFID system provided by the related art;

[0031] FIG2 is a flowchart of tag inventory and reading and writing provided by the related art;

[0032] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a 5G system architecture provided by related art;

[0033] FIG4 is a flowchart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an information transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG6 a is a schematic diagram of a protocol stack between a tag and a passive IoT server provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] FIG6 b is a schematic diagram of a protocol stack between a label and a NEF according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a GTP message header provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIG8 is a flowchart of an information transmission method provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIG9 is a flowchart of an information transmission method provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG10 is a flowchart of passive device registration provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG11 is a flowchart of a passive service process provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG12 is a structural diagram of a passive IoT management node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG13 is a structural diagram of an access network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG14 is one of the structural diagrams of the target node provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG15 is a second structural diagram of a passive Internet of Things management node provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG16 is a second structural diagram of an access network device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG17 is a second structural diagram of the target node provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0049] To make the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the following first introduces the relevant technical knowledge involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure:

[0050] 1. Passive Technology

[0051] 1. Background of Passive Technology Development

[0052] Driven by the internet and radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly developed and found widespread applications, such as smart cities, smart homes, autonomous driving, and drones. The IoT, based on the principle that everything can be connected to the internet, aims to achieve the ultimate goal of interconnecting everything. With the rapid development of IoT devices, the shortcomings of current sensors have also become apparent. First, sensors are typically powered by batteries, which have limited capacity and require frequent battery replacement to ensure proper function. However, in some specific scenarios, such as when sensor nodes need to be installed (inside walls or household appliances) or deployed in remote or hazardous areas, replacing the power supply is extremely difficult. Furthermore, with increasing market demand, the design and manufacturing costs of sensors have also risen significantly, resulting in high maintenance costs. These two shortcomings have hindered the widespread adoption and large-scale deployment of the IoT. The rise of passive sensors using backscatter technology has brought new hope to the IoT and introduced a new concept: the passive IoT.

[0053] A prominent feature of the passive Internet of Things (IoT) is that sensors using passive backscatter technology, through internal wireless data acquisition modules, convert available wireless signals into energy for their own operation. Backscattering technology also enables information transmission to target nodes. Backscattering technology modulates the data being transmitted onto an incoming radio frequency signal to achieve data transmission. Over the past two decades, point-to-point backscattering technology has been widely used in the passive IoT, for example in high-frequency access control and bank cards. However, the IoT's goal is to interconnect everything and enable diverse functions, requiring greater communication capacity, faster communication rates, longer communication ranges, and a wider range of devices (miniaturization). Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has greatly expanded the practicality of traditional backscatter communication, achieving communication ranges of up to 10 meters, transmission rates of 100 kbit / s, node densities of 100 per square meter, and a cost of 0.1 yuan.

[0054] A traditional RFID system, as shown in Figure 1, operates as follows: a reader sends an RF excitation signal to activate a passive electronic tag. The tag then uses backscatter communication technology to modulate its information onto the RF signal. The reader then receives and demodulates the reflected signal, enabling information transfer between the reader and the tag. In a split passive system architecture, the excitation signal can be sent using an exciter.

[0055] 2. Label inventory, reading and writing process

[0056] The passive tag inventory process can count which tags are currently within the coverage of the reader. As shown in Figure 2, the tag inventory process may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0057] Step 1a: The reader receives the inventory command from the passive IoT server, generates a Select command, and sends the Select command to the stimulus source. The Select command carries the identification information of the tag to be counted.

[0058] It should be noted that the inventory command can be sent by the passive IoT server to the middleware, and then sent by the middleware to the reader / writer.

[0059] Step 1b: After receiving the Select command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag and sends the Select command to the tag.

[0060] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the excitation source needs to send an excitation signal to the tag before sending information to the tag, so that the tag receives and sends information based on the received excitation signal.

[0061] Step 2a: The reader sends a query command to the stimulus source.

[0062] Step 2b: After receiving the Query command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag and sends the Query command to the tag.

[0063] Step 3. After receiving the Select command, the tag determines whether it belongs to the tags to be counted (such as whether its identification information is included in the identification information of the tags to be counted carried by the Select command); if included, the tag will feedback a random number (such as RN16) to the reader after receiving the Query command, for example, by feedbacking the random number RN16 to the reader through competition; if not, the tag may not take any subsequent action.

[0064] Step 4a: After receiving the random number, the reader sends an ACK command to the stimulus source, and the ACK command carries the random number.

[0065] Step 4b: The excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag and forwards the ACK command to the tag.

[0066] Step 5: After receiving the ACK command, the tag verifies that the random number in the ACK command is the same as the random number it sent back. If they are, the tag sends its tag information and the random number to the reader. After receiving the random number and the tag's identification information, the reader knows that the tag is within its coverage range, thus completing the inventory process.

[0067] Next, we will introduce the tag read and write process. The tag read and write process can perform write or read operations on the tag. If it is a write operation, the data will be written to the tag's storage area; if it is a read operation, the data in the tag's storage area will be read. It should be noted that the tag must be inventoryed first, and the handle must be obtained before the tag can be read or written. As shown in Figure 2, the tag read and write process may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0068] Step 6a: The reader sends a Req_RN command to the excitation source. The Req_RN command carries the random number RN16 previously received by the reader. The Req_RN command carries the random number RN16, indicating that a read or write operation needs to be performed on the tag that sent the random number RN16.

[0069] Step 6b: After receiving the Req_RN command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag and sends the Req_RN command to the tag.

[0070] Step 7: After receiving the Req_RN command, the tag verifies whether the random number in the Req_RN command is the same as the random number it returned. If they are the same, it indicates that the reader needs to perform a read or write operation on the tag. The tag then sends a handle to the reader. The handle can be used to establish a connection between the tag and the stimulus source. The handle can be a random number, an object, or a pointer.

[0071] Step 8a: The reader sends a read command or a write command to the excitation source. The read command or the write command carries the handle fed back by the tag. If it is a write command, it also carries the data to be written into the tag storage area.

[0072] Step 8b: After receiving the read command or write command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag, and also sends the read command or write command to the tag.

[0073] Step 9: If the instructions in steps 8a and 8b are read instructions, the tag sends the data in its storage area to the reader along with the handle. It should be noted that the inventory and reading and writing of tags in Figure 2 are only for example. In other implementations, only inventory can be performed on the tags without reading or writing.

[0074] 2. Fifth-Generation (5G) Architecture

[0075] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the 5G system architecture. The meanings of the nodes shown in the figure are as follows:

[0076] UE: User Equipment, 5G terminal equipment;

[0077] (R)AN: access network equipment;

[0078] UPF: User plane Function, user plane function equipment;

[0079] The 5G control plane adopts a service-based architecture. The control plane network elements include AUSF, AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, PCF, UDM and AF.

[0080] AMF: Mobility Management Function, mobility management function;

[0081] SMF: Session Management Function, session management function;

[0082] PCF: Policy Control function, policy control function;

[0083] UDM: Unified Data Management, a unified database. It manages user contract data, generates authentication information, manages mobility, and routes short messages.

[0084] AUSF: Authentication Server Function. Provides authentication-related functions.

[0085] NSSF: The Network Slice Selection Function, network slice selection function.

[0086] NEF: Network Exposure Function, network exposure function.

[0087] NRF: NF Repository Function, network storage function.

[0088] AF: Application Function, application function.

[0089] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the 5G system architecture, which includes terminal equipment, access network (AN) equipment, core network elements, and data network (DN). The terminal equipment can be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. The terminal equipment can be a device that provides voice / data connectivity to users, such as a handheld device with wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, etc. At present, some examples of terminals can be: mobile phones, tablet computers, computers with wireless transceiver functions (such as laptops, PDAs, etc.), mobile Internet devices (MIDs), virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. These devices may include handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, such as a personal assistant (PDA), a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, or a terminal device in a future Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). Furthermore, a terminal device may also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The IoT is an important component of future information technology development. Its main technical feature is that it connects objects to the network through communication technologies, thereby realizing an intelligent network that interconnects humans, machines, and things.IoT technology can achieve massive connectivity, deep coverage, and power-saving terminals through narrowband (NB) technology, for example. Terminal devices can also include sensors such as smart printers, train detectors, and gas stations. Their main functions include collecting data (part of the terminal device), receiving control information and downlink data from network devices, and transmitting electromagnetic waves to transmit uplink data to network devices. It should be understood that a terminal device can be any device that can access the network. Terminal devices and access network devices can communicate with each other using certain air interface technologies. Optionally, the UE can be used to act as a base station. For example, a UE can act as a scheduling entity, providing sidelink signals between UEs in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) or device-to-device (D2D) networks. For example, cell phones and cars communicate with each other using sidelink signals. Cell phones and smart home devices can communicate without relaying communication signals through a base station. The core network is responsible for maintaining mobile network subscription data and providing UEs with functions such as session management, mobility management, policy management, and security authentication.

[0090] The core network may include but is not limited to the following network elements: Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF).

[0091] The AMF network element, the termination point for Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling, is primarily responsible for user access authentication and mobility management. Terminal devices and the AMF can communicate via N1NAS messages. Communication messages between the terminal device and the AMF can also be relayed via RAN N2 messages. The RAN and AMF communicate via N2 messages.

[0092] The AUSF network element has an authentication service function and is used to process authentication requests for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access and non-3GPP access.

[0093] UDM network element: used to manage user contract information and complete user authentication and authorization.

[0094] The SMF network element is responsible for session management, such as establishing and deleting user sessions, maintaining the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session context and user plane forwarding channel information, etc.

[0095] UPF network element, used to process user messages, such as forwarding and billing.

[0096] DN is used to provide business services to terminal devices. It can be a private network, such as a local area network; it can also be an external network not controlled by the operator, such as the Internet; it can also be a proprietary network jointly deployed by operators, such as a network that provides an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).

[0097] In addition, the above-mentioned core network can also include application function (AF), network storage function (NF Repository Function, NRF), network slice selection function (NSSF), etc.

[0098] The terminal device can access the DN through the established PDU session. The network architecture diagram shown in Figure 3 also includes the interfaces between the various network elements. For example, N2 represents the interface between the AMF network element and the RAN device. In future communication systems such as 6G communication systems, the above-mentioned network elements or devices can still use their names in 4G or 5G communication systems, or have other names; the functions of the above-mentioned network elements or devices can be completed by an independent network element or by several network elements. In actual deployment, the network elements in the core network can be combined. For example, the mobility management network element can be combined with the session management network element; the session management network element can be combined with the user plane network element; the network slice selection function network element, the policy control network element, and the unified data management network element can be combined.

[0099] It should also be noted that in actual deployment scenarios, traditional RFID technology faces the following challenges. 1. Limited communication range and high interference. Traditional UHF RFID readers and writers use a full-duplex architecture that combines both transmission and reception, transmitting excitation signals and receiving reflected signals simultaneously. This results in strong system self-interference and inter-system interference. Combined with the tags' low receiving sensitivity and the transmit power limitations of the RFID frequency band, traditional RFID technology has limited coverage, with a communication range of less than 10 meters. With integrated sensors, the communication range is less than 3 meters. 2. Inability to form a continuous network, resulting in high deployment and manual operation and maintenance costs. Traditional commercial RFID readers and writers suffer from severe self-interference and inter-interference, limiting their communication range. This necessitates manual handheld or card-mounted deployment of inventory tags, making it difficult to establish a continuous local area network or wide area network capable of automated inventory counting. This results in high deployment, operation, and maintenance costs and low efficiency. 3. Lack of positioning support. Traditional RFID lacks positioning support and is not suitable for large-scale networking. Instead, it relies primarily on handheld readers and card-mounted inventory tags for inventory management, making it difficult to automatically track and locate the tags.

[0100] In response to the above challenges faced by traditional RFID, a new passive Internet of Things is built through cellular passive Internet of Things technology. Without significantly increasing the cost, power consumption, complexity, and volume of the tags, it reuses the existing cellular network infrastructure and network scale, increases the communication distance, reduces interference between readers and writers, realizes low-cost large-scale networking, and supports tag positioning.

[0101] In addition, the existing cellular network registration authentication and verification process for terminal devices in the cellular network, most of the business processes require initiating a session connection, and business transmission is based on the session connection. The process is relatively complicated and not suitable for the management of massive passive tags and passive business transmission. The current industry research on the integration of passive Internet of Things and cellular networks is still in the demand research stage. There is no standardized or commercial cellular passive architecture and business processing process, and there is no different system architecture solution design corresponding to different deployment scenarios. Unlike wide-area scenarios, for localized deployment scenarios, such as inventory and management of identification objects in a fixed area, it is more necessary to simplify the device registration authentication process and business processing process based on a lightweight cellular passive network architecture. Based on this, the embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a system architecture that integrates passive Internet of Things technology with a cellular system, adds new cellular passive management functions and Np1 interface and NP2 interface to this architecture, and proposes business processing processes for cellular passive device registration and services based on this architecture.

[0102] The information transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail below through specific embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0103] Referring to FIG4 , FIG4 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG4 , comprising the following steps:

[0104] Step 401: The passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through a target network interface;

[0105] Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, and the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0106] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned passive Internet of Things management node is used to manage passive devices (such as registration, authentication, activation and management of passive device capabilities, etc.) and passive services (such as passive service access permission management, passive service command processing, active periodic inventory, etc.), wherein the above-mentioned passive devices can also be called response devices, for example, passive tags.

[0107] The passive IoT management node may be an independently configured network node, for example, the passive IoT management node may be an independently configured cellular passive management function; or, the passive IoT management node may be a network node co-configured with other nodes, for example, the cellular passive management function is co-configured with a network exposure function (NEF) network element, or the cellular passive management function is co-configured with an AMF network element, or the cellular passive management function is co-configured with a UPF network element, or the cellular passive management function is co-configured with an access network device, etc. It should be noted that when two network elements are co-configured, the interaction between the two network elements provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure becomes an internal operation of the co-configured network element or may be omitted; when the cellular passive management function is co-configured with an access network device, the first network interface may be an internal interface of the network element.

[0108] The first network interface is an interface between the passive IoT management node and the access network device, and is used to transmit passive IoT-related information between the passive IoT management node and the access network device. It is understood that when the access network device receives passive IoT-related information sent by the passive IoT management node via the first network interface, the passive IoT-related information can be sent to the passive device; and when the access network device receives passive IoT-related information sent by the passive device, the passive IoT-related information can be sent to the passive IoT management node via the first network interface. In some examples, the first network interface may also be referred to as the Np1 interface. The access network device may function as a read / write device, and in some optional embodiments, the access network device may also function as an excitation source.

[0109] Among them, the application layer protocol of the above-mentioned first network interface can use existing protocols, such as General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol (GTP), Next Generation Application Protocol (NG-AP), Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT), etc.; or, a newly defined protocol can also be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0110] The transport layer protocol of the above-mentioned first network interface can use an existing protocol, such as the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), etc.; or, a newly defined protocol can be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0111] The second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and is used to transmit passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node. In some examples, the second network interface can also be called an Np2 interface.

[0112] The application layer protocol of the second network interface may use an existing protocol, such as Application Level Event (ALE), HTTP, MQTT, etc.; or a newly defined protocol may be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0113] The transport layer protocol of the second network interface may use an existing protocol, such as TCP, UDP, etc.; or a newly defined protocol may be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0114] It should be noted that, when the target node is a network open element, the network open element is used to forward the passive IoT-related information between the passive IoT management node and the passive IoT server. Specifically, the network open element forwards the passive IoT-related information received from the passive IoT server to the passive IoT management node via the second network interface, and forwards the passive IoT-related information received from the passive IoT management node via the second network interface to the passive IoT server. The passive IoT server may also be referred to as a passive service platform or passive service server.

[0115] The above-mentioned passive Internet of Things related information may include but is not limited to passive device management related information (for example, network registration request message of passive device, network registration response message, passive device authentication and certification related information, etc.), passive service related information (for example, passive service instructions, passive service responses, etc.), etc.

[0116] For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to the information transmission system shown in FIG5 , wherein the information transmission system can also be referred to as a cellular passive network system. The network side of the information transmission system includes not only existing cellular network-side equipment, such as RAN, UPF, AMF, NEF, etc., but also a cellular passive management function, an Np1 interface, and an Np2 interface. Passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted between the RAN and the cellular passive management function via the Np1 interface, and passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted between the cellular passive management function and the passive service server via the Np2 interface. Each tag no longer receives downlink passive Internet of Things related information via a dedicated spectrum, but instead receives downlink passive Internet of Things information from the RAN via an air interface (e.g., a cellular air interface); accordingly, uplink passive Internet of Things related information sent by the tag can be sent to the RAN via an air interface (e.g., a passive Internet of Things air interface).

[0117] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, and the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element, that is, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the access network device through the first network interface, and / or, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the target node through the second network interface, so that the passive Internet of Things related information can be transmitted through the cellular network, which is conducive to improving the communication distance of the passive Internet of Things system; in addition, since the passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted directly through the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device and / or the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, the process of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information in the cellular network can be simplified, and the efficiency of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information can be improved.

[0118] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;

[0119] and / or,

[0120] The transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.

[0121] In this embodiment, at least one of the application layer protocol and the transport layer protocol of the above-mentioned first network interface is implemented using an existing protocol, which can simplify the difficulty of designing the above-mentioned first network interface while ensuring the rapid transmission of passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

[0122] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;

[0123] and / or,

[0124] The transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.

[0125] In this embodiment, at least one of the application layer protocol and the transport layer protocol of the above-mentioned second network interface is implemented using an existing protocol, which can simplify the difficulty of designing the above-mentioned second network interface while ensuring the rapid transmission of passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node.

[0126] In some examples, the application layer protocol of the first network interface may also be referred to as a Passive Internet of Things Management (PIoT-M) protocol. The application layer protocol of the second network interface may also be referred to as a Passive Internet of Things Application (PIoT-Application, PIoT-App) protocol.

[0127] For example, taking the information transmission system shown in Figure 5 as an example, when the passive IoT server directly communicates with the cellular passive management function, the protocol stack between the tag and the passive IoT server can be as shown in Figure 6a. When the passive IoT server communicates with the cellular passive management function via a network open network element, the protocol stack between the tag and the network open network element can be as shown in Figure 6b.

[0128] Optionally, the target network interface includes the first network interface; the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message;

[0129] The passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through the target network interface, including:

[0130] The passive Internet of Things management node receives, through the first network interface, a network registration request message sent by the access network device, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information about the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device;

[0131] The passive Internet of Things management node sends a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface.

[0132] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned network registration request message can be used to request network registration of one or more passive devices, and the network registration request message may include at least one of the information of the passive device and the passive service-related capability information of the access network device. The information of the above-mentioned passive device may include information such as the identification of the passive device and the type of the passive device. The passive service-related capability information of the above-mentioned access network device is used to indicate the passive service-related capability of the access network device, for example, it may include indication information of whether the access network device has the function of a passive service reading and writing device, the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device, etc. It can be understood that in the case where the above-mentioned network registration request message is used to request network registration of multiple passive devices, the above-mentioned network registration request message may include information of multiple passive devices, for example, the identifications of multiple passive devices.

[0133] The following is an example of how the first network interface uses different application layer protocols to transmit a network registration request message:

[0134] 1. When the PIoT-M protocol is HTTP 2.0, an implementation example of HTTP message can be as follows:

[0135] "HEADERS

[0136] -END_STREAM

[0137] -END_HEADERS

[0138] :method=POST

[0139] :path= / resource

[0140] :scheme=https

[0141] CONTINUATION

[0142] +END_HEADERS

[0143] content-type=txt

[0144] host = example.org (cellular passive management function domain name / IP)

[0145] content-length=xxx (message content length)

[0146] DATA

[0147] +END_STREAM

[0148] {binary data

[0149] (

[0150] Tag information (such as tag type, tag ID, etc.);

[0151] RAN passive service support capability information, etc.)}"

[0152] 2. When the PIoT-M protocol is the GTP protocol, an implementation example of the GTP message header is shown in FIG7 , where the mandatory fields in the GTP message header are as follows:

[0153] Version number (Version): used to identify the version of the GTP protocol, converted into decimal representation;

[0154] Protocol Type (PT): used to distinguish between GTP (set to '1') and GTP' (set to '0') protocols;

[0155] Extension header flag (e): set to '1' to indicate that there is the next extension header field, set to '0' to indicate that there is no next extension header field, or that there is but no need to interpret it;

[0156] Sequence number flag (S): Set to '1' to indicate that the sequence number field exists, and set to '0' to indicate that either the sequence number field does not exist, or that it exists but does not need to be interpreted. The S flag should be set to '1' in the GTP-C message;

[0157] N-PDU Number Flag (PN): Set to '1' to indicate that there is an N-PDU number field, and set to '0' to indicate that there is either no N-PDU number field or that there is one but no interpretation is required. This flag is only meaningful for GTP-U, so GTP-C does not use this flag;

[0158] Message Type: This field indicates the type of GTP message;

[0159] Length: This field indicates the payload length in bytes, i.e., the length of the packet after the mandatory part of the GTP header (i.e., excluding the first 8 bytes).

[0160] Tunnel Endpoint Identifier (TEID): This field clearly identifies the tunnel endpoint in the GTP-U or GTP-C protocol entity at the other end.

[0161] The optional fields in the GTP message header are as follows:

[0162] Sequence Number: This field is optional in GTP-U. For GTP-C control plane messages, the sequence number is used to identify the transaction. When transmitting over a GTP-U tunnel, if the transmission order must be preserved, this field is used to number the T-PDUs, and the sequence number value is incremented for each T-PDU transmitted.

[0163] N-PDU Number: This field is used during inter-SGSN routing area updates and certain inter-system handovers (e.g., handovers between 2G and 3G radio access networks). This field is used to coordinate data transmission between the MS and the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) when communicating in confirmed mode. The exact meaning of this field depends on the use case. For example, for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / GPRS to GSM / GPRS, this field is the Subnetwork Dependence Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) N-PDU Number.

[0164] Next Extension Header Type: This field defines the type of the extension header that follows this field in the G-PDU.

[0165] Optionally, when the application layer protocol of the first network interface is GTP, the network registration request message is carried in a GTP message, and the message type or the next extension header type of the GTP message includes a first message type, and the first message type is used to indicate that the GTP message is a network registration request message of a passive device.

[0166] For example, when the PIoT-M protocol is the GTP protocol, a message type may be added to the "Message Type" field or the "Next Extension Header Type" field of the GTP message to indicate that the message is a network registration request message for a passive device sent by the access network device to the cellular passive management function. The message body of the GTP message may carry information about the passive device (such as the tag type, tag ID, etc.) and information about the passive service capabilities of the RAN. The cellular passive management function tunnel identifier may be pre-configured in the RAN or sent to the RAN through other core network elements such as the AMF, SMF, PCF, and UDM.

[0167] The network registration response message may be used to indicate whether the network registration is successful or failed. In some optional embodiments, the network registration response message may include information indicating the status of the passive device.

[0168] It should be noted that the above-mentioned network registration request message may also be called a registration request message or an activation request message, etc., and correspondingly, the above-mentioned network registration response message may also be called a registration response message or an activation response message, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0169] In this embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node receives a network registration request message sent by the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes information of the passive device and at least one of passive service-related capability information of the access network device; and sends a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface to realize network registration of the passive device. Since the relevant information of the network registration of the passive device is directly transmitted between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device through the first network interface, compared with forwarding the relevant information of the network registration of the passive device through network elements such as AMF or UPF, this can simplify the network registration process of the passive device and improve the efficiency of the network registration process of the passive device.

[0170] In some optional embodiments, the access network device may send the above-mentioned network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node via the AMF network element. Exemplarily, the above-mentioned network registration request message may be carried in the NAS message sent by the RAN to the cellular network, namely the NAS registration request message, and sent to the AMF network element via the AN message of the access network device, and then sent by the AMF network element to the cellular passive management function. In this step, the intermediate device (for example, a relay device or a terminal) sends an AN message to the access network device. The AN message may include one or more of the NAS registration request message, passive tag registration indication information, tag identification, tag type, tag mobility characteristics, RAN identification, etc. Among them, one or more of the passive tag registration indication information, tag identification information, tag type, tag mobility characteristics, RAN identification, etc. may also be carried in the NAS registration request message at the same time. At the same time, the above-mentioned NAS registration request message may also carry the passive Internet of Things server identification information (including fully qualified domain name (FQDN), IP address, tunnel ID, etc.).

[0171] In some optional embodiments, the access network device can determine whether to send the above-mentioned network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface or to send the above-mentioned network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the AMF network element based on information such as the current application scenario or business requirements.

[0172] Optionally, the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;

[0173] and / or,

[0174] The passive service-related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.

[0175] In this embodiment, the passive device identifier may include, but is not limited to, at least one of a temporary identifier, a permanent identifier, and a globally unique identifier. The passive device type may include at least one of a manufacturer, a product type, and a mobility type. The mobility characteristics of the passive device reflect the mobility of the passive device, such as high mobility, low mobility, and fixed location.

[0176] Whether the access network device has the function of a passive service reading and writing device can be understood as whether the access network device can function as a reading and writing device. Information about the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device includes, for example, at least one of the type of passive device served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, the identification of the served passive device, and the range of the served passive devices. The service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device includes, for example, the area covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device, i.e., whether the access network device supports reading and writing passive devices within that area.

[0177] In this embodiment, by including at least one of the information of the above-mentioned passive device and the passive service-related capability information of the above-mentioned access network device in the network registration request message, the passive Internet of Things management node can more accurately manage the passive device and passive service.

[0178] Optionally, before the passive Internet of Things management node sends a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface, the method further includes:

[0179] The passive Internet of Things management node obtains a passive device management strategy;

[0180] The passive Internet of Things management node determines whether to allow the passive device to perform network registration according to the passive device management policy.

[0181] In this embodiment, the aforementioned passive device management policy is used to manage passive devices. For example, a passive device management policy can be configured for each access network device, or a set of passive device management policies can be configured for all access network devices, that is, the configured passive device management policy applies to all access network devices. For example, authentication may not be performed on a certain type of passive device, or authentication may not be performed on passive devices indicated by passive messages received from a certain type of access network device, or authentication may be performed only on a certain type of passive device.

[0182] Optionally, the passive device management policy includes the following: not authenticating the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, and providing management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device.

[0183] The passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, for example, is the passive device identified by the passive device identifier included in the passive message obtained from the access network device. The passive message can be understood as a message related to the passive Internet of Things, for example, a network registration request message of a passive device.

[0184] The above-mentioned non-authentication of the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device can be understood as the passive Internet of Things management node does not authenticate the passive device indicated in the passive message received from the access network device, that is, does not provide management services for it.

[0185] The above-mentioned provision of management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive messages obtained from the access network device can be understood as the passive Internet of Things management node providing management services to all passive devices indicated by the passive messages received by the access network device.

[0186] Accordingly, the passive Internet of Things management node can determine whether to allow the passive device to register on the network based on the passive device management policy. For example, when the above-mentioned passive device management policy is not to authenticate the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, the passive Internet of Things management node determines that the passive device is not allowed to register on the network. In this case, a response that the passive device is not allowed to register on the network can be fed back to the access network device; in the above-mentioned case of providing management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, the passive Internet of Things management node determines that the passive device is allowed to register on the network. In this case, the passive Internet of Things management node can register the status of the above-mentioned passive device and feed back a network registration response message to the access network device.

[0187] In this embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node determines whether to allow the passive device to perform network registration according to the passive device management policy, which can improve the convenience of passive device management.

[0188] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things management node obtains a passive device management policy, including:

[0189] The passive Internet of Things management node obtains a pre-configured passive device management policy;

[0190] or,

[0191] The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive device management policy sent by the first core network node;

[0192] or,

[0193] The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server.

[0194] In one embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node can be pre-configured with a passive device management policy, so that the pre-configured passive device management policy can be directly read at a faster speed.

[0195] In another embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node can receive the passive device management policy sent by the first core network node, wherein the above-mentioned first core network node may include but is not limited to AMF, SMF, UDM, PCF or operator network system, etc., which is conducive to improving the flexibility of passive device management policy configuration.

[0196] In another embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node can receive the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server. For example, the passive Internet of Things management node can receive the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, which is conducive to the acquired passive device management policy being able to better meet the needs of passive services.

[0197] Optionally, the target network interface includes the second network interface; the passive Internet of Things related information includes: passive service instructions;

[0198] The passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through the target network interface, including:

[0199] The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface;

[0200] The passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction.

[0201] The passive service instructions may include inventory, positioning, reading, and writing operations. The passive IoT management node processes the passive service instructions. For example, the passive IoT management node may forward the passive service instructions to the access network device, or the passive IoT management node may directly feedback the passive service processing results to the passive IoT server based on the passive service instructions. The passive service instructions may also be referred to as passive IoT instructions or passive instructions.

[0202] It is understandable that in related technologies, when processing services over a cellular network, it is often necessary to first establish a PDU session connection, and then transmit services based on the session connection, which is a relatively complicated process. However, in this embodiment, the passive IoT management node directly receives passive service instructions sent by the passive IoT server through the second network interface and processes the passive service instructions without establishing a PDU session connection. This can simplify the passive service processing process and thereby improve the efficiency of passive service processing.

[0203] In some optional embodiments, a passive IoT server may send a passive service instruction to a passive IoT management node, which may be forwarded to the passive IoT management node via an NEF. Specifically, the passive IoT server may determine which passive IoT management node to send the passive service instruction to by configuring the passive IoT server with the identifier (e.g., FQDN, IP address, etc.) of the passive IoT management node serving it, or by configuring the NEF with the identifier (e.g., FQDN, IP address, etc.), and having the NEF determine how to forward the instruction to the passive IoT management node. The passive IoT server may determine which NEF to send the passive service instruction to by using tunnel binding, identifier binding, or other methods, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0204] Optionally, before the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, the method further includes:

[0205] The passive Internet of Things management node determines a passive service processing strategy;

[0206] The passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, including:

[0207] The passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction according to the passive service processing strategy.

[0208] In this embodiment, the above passive service processing strategy can be used to manage passive services.

[0209] Optionally, the passive service processing policy includes at least one of the following: passive service access permission management rules, passive service instruction processing rules, and periodic inventory rules.

[0210] The aforementioned passive service access rights management rules include, for example, the types and IDs of passive devices or read / write devices that are allowed to provide services over the cellular network. The aforementioned passive service instruction processing rules include, for example, the need for specific differentiated services (e.g., special charging modes), positioning, or transparent transmission filtering for passive service instructions. The aforementioned periodic inventory rules include, for example, the period at which the passive IoT management node proactively triggers periodic inventory checks for different types of passive devices.

[0211] In this embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction according to the passive service processing strategy, which is conducive to more accurate and convenient control of passive service processing based on the cellular network.

[0212] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things management node determines a passive service processing strategy, including:

[0213] The passive Internet of Things management node receives the first information sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, and determines the passive service processing strategy according to the first information;

[0214] or,

[0215] The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service processing policy sent by the second core network node.

[0216] In one embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node receives first information sent by the passive Internet of Things server via the second network interface, and can then determine the passive service processing policy based on the first information. For example, the first information can include quality of service requirement information for the passive service, and the passive Internet of Things management node can then determine the passive service processing policy based on the quality of service requirement information for the passive service; alternatively, the first information can include the passive service processing policy, and the passive Internet of Things management node can then directly obtain the passive service processing policy from the first information. This embodiment helps ensure that the determined passive service processing policy can better meet the processing requirements of the passive service.

[0217] For example, taking the Np2 interface using the HTTP2.0 protocol as an example, an example of a message exchanged between the cellular passive management function and the passive IoT server via the Np2 interface is as follows:

[0218] "HEADERS

[0219] -END_STREAM

[0220] -END_HEADERS

[0221] :method=POST

[0222] :path= / resource

[0223] :scheme=https

[0224] CONTINUATION

[0225] +END_HEADERS

[0226] content-type=txt

[0227] host = example.org (cellular passive management function domain name / IP)

[0228] content-length=xxx (message content length)

[0229] DATA

[0230] +END_STREAM

[0231] {binary data

[0232] (

[0233] Passive service access rights management rules;

[0234] Passive service command processing rules;

[0235] Active periodic inventory rules

[0236] wait)}

[0237] ”

[0238] It should be noted that the interactive messages between the cellular passive management function and the passive IoT server can be forwarded through NEF.

[0239] In another embodiment, the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service processing policy sent by the second core network node, wherein the above-mentioned second core network node may include UDM, PCF, etc., which is conducive to improving the flexibility of the passive service processing policy configuration.

[0240] Optionally, before the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, the method further includes:

[0241] The passive Internet of Things management node preconfigures second information, or receives second information sent by the access network device through the first network interface, or obtains second information from a third core network node, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device;

[0242] and / or,

[0243] The passive Internet of Things management node sends third information to the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, and tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node.

[0244] The third core network node may include a UDM, an SMF, a PCF, or an NRF, etc. The passive service capability information of the access network device may include at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the function of a passive service reading and writing device, information about the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.

[0245] It can be understood that before the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service instructions sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, capability negotiation, IP address configuration and / or tunnel information configuration, etc. need to be performed between the passive Internet of Things management node and the passive Internet of Things server, and then the passive Internet of Things management node and the passive Internet of Things server can initiate an IP connection or tunnel connection for communication based on the other party's IP address information or tunnel information.

[0246] The following examples illustrate this embodiment:

[0247] In case 1, the cellular passive management function and the RAN may respectively pre-configure each other's IP address information, tunnel information and / or RAN passive service capability information so that they can initiate an IP connection or a tunnel connection based on the address for communication.

[0248] In case 2, the cellular passive management function can interact with the RAN through the Np1 interface, receive the RAN's IP address information, tunnel information and / or RAN passive service support capability information sent by the RAN, and send the IP address information and / or tunnel information of the cellular passive management function to the RAN.

[0249] In case three, the cellular passive management function can determine the IP address information and / or tunnel information of the RAN by interacting with the cellular network core network element, and receive the RAN passive service capability information sent by the RAN through the Np1 interface.

[0250] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, including:

[0251] In a case where the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends the passive service instruction to the access network device;

[0252] In a case where the type of the passive service instruction is a non-real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends a response to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0253] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned real-time type passive service instruction is used to indicate that the passive service operation indicated by the passive service instruction needs to be completed by sending passive service instruction information to the passive device (e.g., passive tag) through the cellular network, such as real-time inventory, real-time positioning, etc. The above-mentioned non-real-time type passive service instruction is relative to the above-mentioned real-time type passive service instruction, and is used to indicate that the passive service operation indicated by the passive service instruction does not require real-time request for response from the passive device (e.g., tag), and can be completed through interaction with the passive Internet of Things management node in the cellular network, such as tag historical movement trajectory query, tag information statistics (such as change information of the number of a certain type of tags in certain specific areas, such as general statistics of supermarket goods), etc.

[0254] Correspondingly, when the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends the passive service instruction to the access network device, and then the access network device can send the passive service instruction to the passive device to obtain the passive device's response to the passive service instruction; when the type of the passive service instruction is a non-real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node can determine the response based on the passive service instruction and feed it back to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0255] Exemplarily, the type of the above-mentioned passive business instruction can be determined by parsing the passive business instruction. For example, if the passive business instruction is parsed to indicate the historical movement trajectory of the query tag, then the type of the passive business instruction can be determined to be a non-real-time type; for example, if the passive business instruction is parsed to indicate positioning, then the type of the passive business instruction can be determined to be a real-time type; or, indication information for indicating the type of the passive business instruction can be carried in the above-mentioned passive business instruction to quickly determine the type of the passive business instruction.

[0256] In this embodiment, when the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends the passive service instruction to the access network device; when the type of the passive service instruction is a non-real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends a response to the passive service instruction to the passive Internet of Things server, which is conducive to accurately and quickly responding to the passive service instruction.

[0257] Optionally, the passive service instruction carries first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the type of the passive service instruction.

[0258] In this embodiment, the passive service instruction carries the first indication information, so that the passive Internet of Things management node can quickly and accurately determine the type of the passive service instruction based on the first indication information.

[0259] 8 , which is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, includes the following steps:

[0260] Step 801: The access network device transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;

[0261] Among them, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

[0262] For the relevant contents of the first network interface and the passive Internet of Things related information in this embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of the aforementioned embodiments, and no further details will be given here.

[0263] Specifically, when the access network device receives the passive Internet of Things related information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the access network device can send the passive Internet of Things related information to the passive device; when the access network device receives the passive Internet of Things related information sent by the passive device, the access network device can send the passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface.

[0264] In some optional embodiments, an intermediate device, such as a repeater or a terminal, may be provided between the access network device and the passive device. The intermediate device may serve as an exciter for the passive device, and the access network device may serve as a reading and writing device for the passive device; or, the access network device may serve as both an exciter and a reading and writing device for the passive device.

[0265] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information to the access network device through the first network interface, so that the passive Internet of Things related information can be transmitted through the cellular network, which is beneficial to improving the communication distance of the passive Internet of Things system; in addition, since the passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted directly through the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, the process of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information in the cellular network can be simplified, and the efficiency of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information can be improved.

[0266] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;

[0267] and / or,

[0268] The transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.

[0269] It should be noted that the implementation of this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0270] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message; the access network device transmits the passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, including:

[0271] The access network device sends a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information about the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device;

[0272] The access network device receives a network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface.

[0273] It should be noted that the implementation of this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0274] Optionally, the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;

[0275] and / or,

[0276] The passive service-related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.

[0277] It should be noted that the implementation of this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0278] Optionally, before the access network device sends a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the method further includes:

[0279] The access network device receives a first response message sent by the passive device, wherein the first response message is a response message of an activation instruction or a response message of an inventory instruction, and the first response message includes information of the passive device;

[0280] After the access network device receives the network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the method further includes:

[0281] The access network device sends second indication information to the passive device, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate a state of the passive device, or to indicate an update of the state of the passive device.

[0282] In actual applications, the access network device or intermediate device can send an activation instruction or an inventory instruction to the passive device. The passive device can send an activation response message or an inventory response message to the access network device based on the activation instruction or inventory instruction. The activation response message or inventory response message can include information about the passive device. For example, the activation response message can include but is not limited to at least one of the passive device's identification, the passive device's type, and the passive device's mobility characteristics; the inventory response message can include the passive device's identification. Based on the activation response message or inventory response message, the access network device can send a network registration request message to the passive IoT management node via the first network interface, and after receiving the network registration response message sent by the passive IoT management node via the first network interface, send second indication information to the successfully registered / activated passive device to indicate the status of the passive device or to indicate an update to the status of the passive device. The status of the passive device can include but is not limited to registered, registered, activated, unregistered, unregistered, or unactivated. The passive device can then update its status or adjust its status according to the second indication information. For example, if the passive device's original status on the network side is unregistered / unregistered / unactivated, the second indication information can indicate that the updated status is registered / registered / activated.

[0283] In some optional embodiments, the above-mentioned access network device sends a status update instruction to the passive device, which status update instruction may include the identification of the passive device and the above-mentioned second indication information, and the status update instruction may be implemented using a write instruction of an existing passive device (for example, a tag).

[0284] It should be noted that the access network device may initiate a network registration request for a single passive device or for multiple passive devices. When initiating network registration requests for multiple passive devices, the requests may be made in the same network registration request message or in different network registration request messages.

[0285] This embodiment receives a first response message sent by a passive device before the access network device sends a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the first response message is a response message of an activation instruction or a response message of an inventory instruction, and the first response message includes information of the passive device; after the access network device receives the network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the second indication information is sent to the passive device, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate the status of the passive device, or to indicate an update of the status of the passive device, which is conducive to ensuring consistency in the understanding of the status of the passive device by each end.

[0286] In some optional embodiments, the passive Internet of Things management node can maintain the status of the passive device through operations such as periodic inventory.

[0287] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0288] The access network device preconfigures third information, or receives third information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, or obtains third information from a fourth core network node, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, and tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node;

[0289] and / or,

[0290] The access network device sends second information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device.

[0291] The fourth core network node may include a UDM, an SMF, a PCF, or an NRF, etc. The passive service capability information of the access network device may include at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the function of a passive service read / write device, information of passive devices served by the access network device as a read / write device, and a service range covered by the access network device as a read / write device.

[0292] The following examples illustrate this embodiment:

[0293] In case 1, the RAN and the cellular passive management function can pre-configure each other's IP address information, tunnel information and / or RAN passive service capability information so that they can initiate IP connection or tunnel connection based on the address for communication.

[0294] In case 2, RAN can interact with the cellular passive management function through the Np1 interface, receive IP address information and / or tunnel information sent by the cellular passive management function, and send RAN's IP address information, tunnel information and / or RAN passive service support capability information to the cellular passive management function.

[0295] In case three, RAN can determine the IP address information and / or tunnel information of the cellular passive management function by interacting with the cellular network core network element, and send the passive service support capability information of the cellular passive management function to RAN through the Np1 interface.

[0296] 9 , which is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, including the following steps:

[0297] Step 901: The target node transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;

[0298] The second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0299] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;

[0300] and / or,

[0301] The transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.

[0302] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things related information includes at least one of a passive service instruction and the first information; and the target node transmits the passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, including at least one of the following:

[0303] The target node sends a passive service instruction to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;

[0304] The target node sends first information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, wherein the first information is used to determine a passive service processing strategy.

[0305] It should be noted that the implementation of this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0306] The following uses a passive device as an example to illustrate the embodiment of the present disclosure:

[0307] Example 1: Passive device registration.

[0308] 10 , the passive device registration process provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps:

[0309] In step a1, the RAN initiates a tag activation / inventory command to the tag. The RAN can select a specific intermediate device (such as a UE or relay device) within its service area as an activator; it can also use an activator permanently deployed for tags in that area as an activator for periodic tag management; or the RAN itself can act as the activator, performing both the reader / writer and activator roles. To ensure the success rate of the inventory, step a1 can be repeated multiple times.

[0310] Step a2: The tag sends a tag activation response / inventory response to the RAN based on the tag activation command / inventory command. If the tag receives a tag activation command, i.e., an inventory command for a non-existing passive system, the tag may include one or more of the tag identifier, tag type, and tag mobility characteristics in the response message. If the tag receives a tag inventory command, i.e., an inventory command for an existing passive system, the tag may include the tag identifier in the response message.

[0311] Step a3: After receiving the tag activation response / inventory response, the RAN initiates a network registration / registration request for the tag to the cellular passive management function through the Np1 interface.

[0312] Step a4: The cellular passive management function determines whether to allow the tag to register or register. Specifically, the cellular passive management function may determine whether to allow the tag to register or register in the cellular network according to the tag management policy.

[0313] Step a5: The cellular passive management function sends a response message of the tag registration / registration request to the RAN.

[0314] Step a6: After receiving the response message to the tag registration request, the RAN sends a tag registration or activation status update instruction to the tag that has been successfully registered or activated, instructing the tag to update its registration or activation status information in the network.

[0315] Step a7: The tag sends a tag registration / enrolment or activation status update response to the tag registration and activation device.

[0316] Step a8: After the tag is successfully registered / registered, the cellular passive management function can actively push tag activation information to the passive Internet of Things server, including one or more of tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, etc.

[0317] The passive tag registration process provided in this embodiment does not require multiple network element interactions and multiple steps to complete registration authentication, and the passive registration process is relatively simple.

[0318] Example 2: Passive service processing.

[0319] Referring to FIG11 , the passive service processing flow provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps:

[0320] Step b1: The cellular passive management function determines a passive service processing strategy.

[0321] Step b2: The RAN and the cellular passive management function perform capability negotiation and / or IP address configuration.

[0322] Step b3: The passive Internet of Things server sends a passive Internet of Things instruction to the cellular passive management function through the Np2 interface.

[0323] Step b4: The cellular passive management function sends a passive IoT instruction to the RAN via the Np1 interface.

[0324] Step b5: The RAN may send a passive IoT instruction to a repeater (such as an exciter) within its service range or coverage range, or when the RAN does not need to use a repeater to send a passive IoT instruction to the tag, the RAN may send the passive IoT instruction to the tag itself. When the RAN does not need to use a repeater to send an excitation signal to the tag, the RAN may send an excitation signal to the tag itself.

[0325] Step b6: RAN receives the passive IoT command response message from the tag.

[0326] Step b7: RAN sends a passive IoT command response message to the cellular passive management function through the Np1 interface.

[0327] Step b8: The cellular passive management function sends a passive Internet of Things command response message to the passive Internet of Things server through the Np2 interface.

[0328] Among them, taking the passive IoT instruction as an inventory tag whose ID contains the characters abc as an example, when the Np2 interface and the Np1 interface use the HTTP2.0 protocol, the implementation examples of steps b3, b4, b7, and b8 are as follows:

[0329] For steps b3 and b4, the passive IoT instructions sent by the passive IoT server to the cellular passive management function through the Np2 interface, or the passive IoT instructions sent by the cellular passive management function to the RAN through the Np21 interface, are carried in HTTP2.0. Passive services can use the GET command to perform tag inventory. The HTTP2.0 header field path indicates the reader identifier / RAN identifier / tag identifier, etc., and the HTTP2.0 header field Host indicates the domain name / IP of the cellular passive management function:

[0330] "HEADERS

[0331] +END_STREAM

[0332] +END_HEADERS

[0333] :method=GET

[0334] :scheme=https

[0335] :path= / resource (reader identifier / RAN identifier / tag identifier including fields abc, etc.)

[0336] host = example.org (domain name / IP address of the cellular passive management function)

[0337] accept=txt”

[0338] For steps b7 and b8, the cellular passive management function obtains the passive IoT command response through the Np1 interface and sends the passive IoT command response to the passive IoT server through the Np2 interface. The identification information of the inventory tag is carried in the DATA. An example is as follows:

[0339] "HEADERS

[0340] -END_STREAM

[0341] +END_HEADERS

[0342] :status=200

[0343] content-type=txt

[0344] content-length=xxx

[0345] DATA

[0346] +END_STREAM

[0347] {binary data (label identification information abcxxx)}

[0348] ”

[0349] The passive service processing flow provided in this embodiment does not require the establishment of a PDU session link, and the service processing flow is relatively simple.

[0350] In summary, the disclosed embodiments provide a system architecture that integrates passive IoT technology with cellular systems. New cellular passive management functions and a new interface, Np, are added to this architecture. Based on this architecture, a business process for the registration of cellular passive tags and passive services is proposed. This process eliminates the need for multiple network element interactions and multiple steps to complete registration and authentication, and eliminates the need to establish a PDU session link, making it more suitable for lightweight deployment scenarios. However, existing cellular networks require registration, authentication, and verification processes for cellular network terminal devices. Most business processes require initiating a session connection and transmitting services based on the session connection. This process is relatively complex and unsuitable for the management of large numbers of passive tags and the transmission of passive services.

[0351] The disclosed embodiments also provide a passive IoT management node. See Figure 12, which is a structural diagram of the passive IoT management node provided by the disclosed embodiments. Because the principles underlying the passive IoT management node's solution are similar to the information processing method for the passive IoT management node in the disclosed embodiments, the implementation of the passive IoT management node can be found in the implementation of the method, and any repetitions will not be repeated.

[0352] As shown in FIG12 , the passive IoT management node 1200 includes:

[0353] The first transceiver module 1201 is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things through a target network interface;

[0354] Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, and the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0355] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;

[0356] and / or,

[0357] The transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.

[0358] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;

[0359] and / or,

[0360] The transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.

[0361] Optionally, the target network interface includes the first network interface, and the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message;

[0362] The first transceiver module is specifically configured to:

[0363] Receiving, through the first network interface, a network registration request message sent by the access network device, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information about the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device;

[0364] Send a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface.

[0365] Optionally, the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;

[0366] and / or,

[0367] The passive service-related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.

[0368] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things management node further includes:

[0369] A first acquisition module, configured to acquire a passive device management policy before sending a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface;

[0370] The first determining module is configured to determine whether to allow the passive device to perform network registration according to the passive device management policy.

[0371] Optionally, the first acquisition module is specifically configured to:

[0372] Get pre-configured passive device management policies;

[0373] or,

[0374] Receiving a passive device management policy sent by the first core network node;

[0375] or,

[0376] Receive the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server.

[0377] Optionally, the passive device management policy includes the following: not authenticating the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, and providing management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device.

[0378] Optionally, when the application layer protocol of the first network interface is GTP, the network registration request message is carried in a GTP message, and the message type or the next extension header type of the GTP message includes a first message type, and the first message type is used to indicate that the GTP message is a network registration request message of a passive device.

[0379] Optionally, the target network interface includes the second network interface; the passive Internet of Things related information includes: passive service instructions;

[0380] The first transceiver module is specifically configured to receive a passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface;

[0381] The passive Internet of Things management node also includes a processing module for processing the passive service instruction.

[0382] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things management node further includes a second determination module, configured to determine a passive service processing strategy before processing the passive service instruction;

[0383] The processing module is specifically configured to process the passive service instruction according to the passive service processing strategy.

[0384] Optionally, the passive service processing policy includes at least one of the following: passive service access permission management rules, passive service instruction processing rules, and periodic inventory rules.

[0385] Optionally, the second determining module is specifically configured to:

[0386] receiving, through the second network interface, first information sent by the passive Internet of Things server, and determining the passive service processing strategy according to the first information;

[0387] or,

[0388] Receive the passive service processing policy sent by the second core network node.

[0389] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things management node further includes:

[0390] A first configuration module is configured to pre-configure second information before receiving the passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, or receive the second information sent by the access network device through the first network interface, or obtain the second information from a third core network node, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device;

[0391] and / or,

[0392] The first transceiver module is further used to send third information to the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, and tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node.

[0393] Optionally, the processing module is specifically configured to:

[0394] When the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, sending the passive service instruction to the access network device;

[0395] In a case where the type of the passive service instruction is a non-real-time type, a response to the passive service instruction is sent to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0396] Optionally, the passive service instruction carries first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the type of the passive service instruction.

[0397] The passive Internet of Things management node provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the method embodiment of the passive Internet of Things management node side mentioned above. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here in this embodiment.

[0398] The present disclosure also provides an access network device. See Figure 13, which is a structural diagram of the access network device provided by the present disclosure. Because the principles underlying the problem solved by the access network device are similar to the information processing method on the access network device side of the present disclosure, the implementation of the access network device can be referenced to the implementation of the method, and any repetitions will not be repeated.

[0399] As shown in FIG13 , the access network device 1300 includes:

[0400] The second transceiver module 1301 is configured to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node via the first network interface;

[0401] Among them, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

[0402] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;

[0403] and / or,

[0404] The transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.

[0405] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message; and the second transceiver module is specifically configured to:

[0406] Sending a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information about the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device;

[0407] A network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node is received through the first network interface.

[0408] Optionally, the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;

[0409] and / or,

[0410] The passive service-related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.

[0411] Optionally, the access network device further includes:

[0412] A first receiving module is configured to receive a first response message sent by a passive device before sending a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the first response message is a response message to an activation instruction or a response message to an inventory instruction, and the first response message includes information about the passive device;

[0413] The access network equipment further includes:

[0414] The first sending module is used to send second indication information to the passive device after receiving the network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate the status of the passive device, or to indicate the update of the status of the passive device.

[0415] Optionally, the access network device further includes:

[0416] a second configuration module, configured to preconfigure third information, or receive third information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, or obtain third information from a fourth core network node, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, and tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node;

[0417] and / or,

[0418] The second transceiver module is also used to send second information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device.

[0419] The access network device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the method embodiment on the access network device side described above, and its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, so this embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0420] The present disclosure also provides a target node. See Figure 14, which is a block diagram of the target node provided by the present disclosure. Because the principles underlying the target node's problem-solving are similar to the information processing methods used by the target node in the present disclosure, the implementation of the target node can be found in the implementation of the methods, and any repetitions will not be repeated.

[0421] As shown in FIG14 , the target node 1400 includes:

[0422] The third transceiver module 1401 is configured to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node via the second network interface;

[0423] The second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0424] Optionally, the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;

[0425] And / or, the transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.

[0426] Optionally, the passive Internet of Things related information includes at least one of a passive service instruction and the first information; and the third transceiver module is specifically configured to do at least one of the following:

[0427] Sending a passive service instruction to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;

[0428] Sending first information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, wherein the first information is used to determine a passive service processing strategy.

[0429] The target node provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the method embodiment on the target node side described above, and its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0430] The disclosed embodiment also provides an information transmission system, including a passive device, an access network device, a passive Internet of Things management node, a target node, and a target network interface;

[0431] Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, and the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0432] Among them, the above-mentioned passive Internet of Things management node can be the passive Internet of Things management node provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 12 above, the above-mentioned access network device can be the access network device provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 13 above, and the above-mentioned target node can be the target node provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 14 above. In order to avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0433] The present disclosure also provides a passive IoT management node. As shown in FIG15 , the passive IoT management node of the present disclosure includes: a processor 1500 configured to read a program in a memory 1520 and execute the following processes:

[0434] Passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, and the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0435] In FIG15 , the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking together various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1500 and memory represented by memory 1520. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and are therefore not further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 1510 may be a plurality of components, i.e., including a transmitter and a transceiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium. The processor 1500 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1520 may store data used by the processor 1500 when performing operations.

[0436] The passive Internet of Things management node provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0437] The present disclosure also provides an access network device. As shown in FIG16 , the terminal of the present disclosure includes: a processor 1600 and a transceiver 1610. The processor 1600 is configured to read a program in a memory 1620 and execute the following process:

[0438] Transmitting information related to the passive Internet of Things with the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;

[0439] Among them, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

[0440] In FIG16 , the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1600 and memory represented by memory 1620, linked together. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and are therefore not further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 1610 may be a plurality of components, i.e., a transmitter and a receiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium. For different user devices, the user interface 1630 may also be an interface capable of connecting external or internal devices as required, and the connected devices include but are not limited to a keypad, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a joystick, and the like.

[0441] The processor 1600 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1620 can store data used by the processor 1600 when performing operations.

[0442] The access network device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0443] The present disclosure also provides a target node. As shown in FIG17 , the target node of the present disclosure includes: a processor 1700 configured to read a program in a memory 1720 and execute the following process:

[0444] Passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted with the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface; wherein, the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0445] In FIG17 , the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking together various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1700 and memory represented by memory 1720. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and are therefore not further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 1710 may be a plurality of components, i.e., including a transmitter and a transceiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. The processor 1700 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1720 may store data used by the processor 1700 when performing operations.

[0446] The target node provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0447] In addition, the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present disclosure is used to store a computer program, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the following steps:

[0448] Transmitting passive Internet of Things related information through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface being an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, and the second network interface being an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, the target node including a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element;

[0449] or,

[0450] Transmitting passive Internet of Things related information with the passive Internet of Things management node through a first network interface; wherein the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device;

[0451] or,

[0452] Passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted with the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface; wherein, the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

[0453] In the several embodiments provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection of some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0454] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may be physically included separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or hardware plus software functional units.

[0455] The above-mentioned integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned software functional unit is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute some steps of the sending and receiving methods described in various embodiments of the present disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

[0456] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles described in the present disclosure. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting information, the method comprising: The passive Internet of Things management node transmits information related to the passive Internet of Things through the target network interface; Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP Protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT Protocol; and / or, The transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol; and / or, The transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The target network interface includes the first network interface; the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message; The passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through the target network interface, including: The passive Internet of Things management node receives a network registration request message sent by the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information of the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device; The passive Internet of Things management node sends a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identification of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device; and / or, The passive service related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein: Before the passive Internet of Things management node sends a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface, the method further includes: The passive Internet of Things management node obtains a passive device management strategy; The passive Internet of Things management node determines whether to allow the passive device to register with the network according to the passive device management policy.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The passive Internet of Things management node obtains a passive device management strategy, including: The passive Internet of Things management node obtains a pre-configured passive device management strategy; or, The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive device management policy sent by the first core network node; or, The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The passive device management strategy includes the following: not authenticating the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, and providing management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device.

9. The method according to claim 4, wherein: When the application layer protocol of the first network interface is GTP, the network registration request message is carried in a GTP message, and the message type or the next extension header type of the GTP message includes a first message type, and the first message type is used to indicate that the GTP message is a network registration request message of a passive device.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The target network interface includes the second network interface; The passive Internet of Things related information includes: passive service instructions; The passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through the target network interface, including: The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface; The passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: Before the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, the method further includes: The passive Internet of Things management node determines a passive service processing strategy; The passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, including: The passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction according to the passive service processing strategy.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The passive service processing strategy includes at least one of the following: passive service access permission management rules, passive service instruction processing rules, and periodic inventory rules.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The passive Internet of Things management node determines a passive service processing strategy, including: The passive Internet of Things management node receives the first information sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, and determines the passive service processing strategy according to the first information; or, The passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service processing strategy sent by the second core network node.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein: Before the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, the method further includes: The passive Internet of Things management node pre-configures second information, or receives second information sent by the access network device through the first network interface, or obtains second information from a third core network node, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device; and / or, The passive Internet of Things management node sends third information to the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, and tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, including: In the case where the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends the passive service instruction to the access network device; In the case where the type of the passive service instruction is a non-real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends a response to the passive Internet of Things server.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The passive service instruction carries first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the type of the passive service instruction.

17. A method for transmitting information, the method comprising: The access network device transmits passive Internet of Things related information with the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface; Among them, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein: The application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP Protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT Protocol; and / or, The transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein: The passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message; The access network device transmits passive Internet of Things related information with the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, including: The access network device sends a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information of the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device; The access network device receives a network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein: The information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identification of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device; and / or, The passive service related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.

21. The method according to claim 19, wherein: Before the access network device sends a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the method further includes: The access network device receives a first response message sent by the passive device, wherein the first response message is a response message of an activation instruction or a response message of an inventory instruction, and the first response message includes information of the passive device; After the access network device receives the network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the method further includes: The access network device sends second indication information to the passive device, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate a state of the passive device, or to indicate an update of the state of the passive device.

22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, further comprising: The access network device preconfigures third information, or receives third information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, or obtains third information from a fourth core network node, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node; and / or, The access network device sends second information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device.

23. A method for transmitting information, the method comprising: The target node transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface; Among them, the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein: The application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol; and / or, The transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein: The passive Internet of Things related information includes at least one of the passive service instruction and the first information; the target node transmits the passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, including at least one of the following: The target node sends a passive service instruction to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface; The target node sends first information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, wherein the first information is used to determine a passive service processing strategy.

26. A passive Internet of Things management node, the passive Internet of Things management node comprising: A first transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things through a target network interface; Among them, the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

27. An access network device, comprising: The second transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface; Among them, the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.

28. A target node, the target node comprising: A third transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface; Among them, the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

29. An information transmission system, comprising a passive device, an access network device, a passive Internet of Things management node, a target node and a target network interface; in, The target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.

30. A communication device comprising: A transceiver, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor; The processor is used to read the program in the memory to implement the steps in the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16; or to implement the steps in the method as described in any one of claims 17 to 22; or to implement the steps in the method as described in any one of claims 23 to 25.

31. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps in the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16; or implements the steps in the method as described in any one of claims 17 to 22; or implements the steps in the method as described in any one of claims 23 to 25.

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