Antenna array, antenna structure, and communication device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of radio communications, and provide an antenna array, an antenna structure, and a communication device, for use in reducing the interference of a high-frequency radiation unit on a low-frequency radiation unit in an antenna array. The antenna array comprises a metal bottom plate, a first radiation unit, and a second radiation unit, wherein the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are arranged on the metal bottom plate. The first radiation unit has a first frequency f1, the second radiation unit has a second frequency f2, wherein f2<f1. The first radiation unit comprises a first antenna element, a first balun structure, and a decoupling structure, and the first balun structure is electrically connected to the first antenna element and the metal bottom plate. The decoupling structure is insulated from the metal bottom plate, and the decoupling structure comprises at least one main annular branch. The main annular branch is located between the first antenna element and the metal bottom plate. At least part of the main annular branch and the metal bottom plate are arranged crosswise. A first opening is formed in the end of the main annular branch away from the metal bottom plate, and two ends of the main annular branch at the first opening are electrically connected to the first balun structure.

Description

Antenna array, antenna structure and communication equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on December 8, 2023, with application number 202311692547.8 and application name “An antenna array, antenna structure and communication equipment”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of radio communication technology, and in particular to an antenna array, an antenna structure and a communication device. Background Art

[0003] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the demand for communication system capacity is increasing. Multi-frequency antennas are widely used in base station antennas. Generally, multi-frequency base station antennas are usually composed of low-frequency radiating elements and high-frequency radiating elements.

[0004] However, due to the coupling between the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, when the low-frequency radiation unit is working, the high-frequency radiation unit may interfere with the signal transmitted by the low-frequency radiation unit. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an antenna array, an antenna structure and a communication device for reducing the interference of high-frequency radiating units in the antenna array to low-frequency radiating units.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, an antenna array is provided, comprising a metal base plate and a first radiating unit and a second radiating unit arranged on the metal base plate. The first radiating unit has a first frequency f1, the second radiating unit has a second frequency f2, and f2 < f1. The first radiating unit comprises a first antenna element, a first balun structure, and a decoupling structure, wherein the first balun structure is located between the first antenna element and the metal base plate, and the first balun structure is electrically connected to the first antenna element and the metal base plate. The decoupling structure is insulated from the metal base plate, and the decoupling structure comprises at least one main annular branch. The main annular branch is located between the first antenna element and the metal base plate. At least a portion of the main annular branch is arranged to intersect with the metal base plate. The end of the main annular branch facing away from the metal base plate has a first opening, and both ends of the main annular branch at the first opening are electrically connected to the first balun structure.

[0008] As can be seen from the above, the antenna array includes a first radiating unit, which includes a first antenna element and a first balun structure. The first antenna element can receive or transmit electromagnetic wave signals, and the first balun structure can transmit radio frequency signals to complete the radio frequency signal exchange between the first antenna element of the first radiating unit and other devices. In addition, the first radiating unit has a first frequency f1 that is greater than the second frequency f2 of the second radiating unit. In this way, the antenna array can receive or transmit electromagnetic wave signals of both higher and lower frequencies. In related art, when the second radiating unit is operating, under the influence of the electromagnetic wave with the second frequency f2 transmitted by the second radiating unit, an induced current with the second frequency f2 is generated in the first balun structure, thereby generating electromagnetic waves with the second frequency f2, which interfere with the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the second radiating unit, deteriorate the scattering parameters of the second radiating unit, and cause the radiation pattern of the second radiating unit to be distorted. The first radiating unit of the antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present application also includes a decoupling structure, which includes at least one main ring branch located between the first antenna element and the metal base plate. When the second radiating element operates, causing the first balun structure to generate an induced current with a second frequency f2, the direction of the induced current alternates at the frequency f2. At this point, an alternating current with the second frequency f2 is also generated in the main annular branches. At least a portion of the main annular branches intersects the metal baseplate. In this case, the direction of the current in at least a portion of the main annular branches is opposite to that of the current in the first balun structure, and the direction of the generated magnetic field is also opposite. That is, when the second radiating element operates normally, an induced current is generated in the first balun structure of the first radiating element, generating a magnetic field through electromagnetic induction. The main annular branches of the decoupling structure generate a magnetic field in the opposite direction, thereby reducing the overall magnetic field intensity generated by the first radiating element and, consequently, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first radiating element. This reduces the interference of the first radiating element on the second radiating element in the antenna array. Specifically, the interference of the high-frequency radiating element on the low-frequency radiating element in the antenna array is reduced. Furthermore, the decoupling structure is insulated from the metal baseplate, preventing direct electrical connection between the decoupling structure and the metal baseplate, which could affect the normal operation of the antenna array.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the main annular branch includes a first branch, a second branch, and an electrical connector. At least a portion of the first branch is intersecting the metal base plate. At least a portion of the second branch is intersecting the metal base plate. The first branch and the second branch are located on either side of a first balun structure, respectively. The first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch are electrically connected to the first balun structure. A first opening is defined between the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch. The electrical connector is located between the first branch and the second branch and is electrically connected to the second end of the first branch and the second end of the second branch. Similar to the principles of the above-described embodiments, the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch are electrically connected to the first balun structure. When the induced current on the first balun structure is directed away from the metal base plate, the induced current flows from the first balun structure toward one end of the metal base plate to the first end of the first branch, and then through the first branch to the electrical connector. At least a portion of the first branch is intersecting the metal base plate, meaning that the current in this portion is directed toward the metal base plate. This generates a magnetic field opposite to that generated by the first balun structure. When the direction of the induced current on the first balun structure is toward the metal base plate, the induced current flows from the connection between the first end of the first branch and the first balun structure toward the metal base plate and toward the end of the first balun structure facing the metal base plate. At this time, a current flowing from the second end to the first end is generated in the first branch. The direction of the current in the first branch is away from the metal base plate. This can generate a magnetic field opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the first balun structure. Therefore, a magnetic field opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the first balun structure will always be generated in the first branch, thereby weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiation unit. Similarly, the second branch can also generate a magnetic field opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the first balun structure, thereby further weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiation unit. This achieves the purpose of reducing the interference of the first radiation unit to the second radiation unit in the antenna array. In addition, the second end of the first branch and the second end of the second branch are both electrically connected to the electrical connector, so that the electrical connector can electrically connect the first branch and the second branch, thereby reducing the impedance of the main annular branch, increasing the current generated by the first branch and the second branch, and ensuring that the magnetic field strength generated by the first branch and the second branch can weaken the magnetic field generated by the first balun structure to the greatest extent.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the first branch includes a first horizontal branch and a first vertical branch. The first horizontal branch is parallel to the metal base plate, and is electrically connected to the first balun structure at one end thereof facing the first balun structure; a first opening is provided between the end of the first horizontal branch facing away from the first balun structure and the first end of the second branch. The first vertical branch is perpendicular to the metal base plate, and the end of the first vertical branch facing away from the metal base plate is electrically connected to the end of the first horizontal branch facing away from the first balun structure, and the end of the first vertical branch facing the metal base plate is electrically connected to the electrical connector. The first horizontal branch can ensure that the first vertical branch is electrically connected to the first balun structure. This enables the first vertical branch to generate a current in the opposite direction to the current in the first balun structure. This enables the magnetic field generated by the first vertical branch and the first balun structure to be in opposite directions, thereby achieving a reverse cancellation effect, weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiation unit, and thereby weakening the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first radiation unit.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the first vertical branch includes a first longitudinal segment, a second longitudinal segment, and a first U-shaped segment; the first longitudinal segment is electrically connected to the end of the first horizontal branch facing away from the first balun structure, and the second longitudinal segment is electrically connected to the electrical connector; the first U-shaped segment is disposed between the first and second longitudinal segments, and the first U-shaped segment is electrically connected to the first and second longitudinal segments, respectively. When the height of the first balun structure is low, or the available space around the first balun structure is small, the first branch is sequentially connected by the first longitudinal segment, the first U-shaped segment, and the second longitudinal segment. This can increase the length of the first vertical branch, thereby increasing the impedance of the main annular branch and reducing the current flowing to the main annular branch during normal operation of the first radiating unit. In some embodiments of the present application, the first branch is disposed crosswise with the metal base plate, with the first end of the first branch disposed proximate to the first balun structure and the second end of the first branch disposed away from the first balun structure. When the available space around the upper half of the first balun structure is small, while the available space around the lower half of the first balun structure is large, this ensures that the first branch can be disposed on one side of the first balun structure.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the second branch includes a second horizontal branch and a second vertical branch. The second horizontal branch is parallel to the metal base plate, and is electrically connected to the first balun structure at one end facing the first balun structure; a first opening is provided between the end of the second horizontal branch facing the first balun structure and the first end of the first branch. The second vertical branch is perpendicular to the metal base plate, and the end of the second vertical branch facing away from the metal base plate is electrically connected to the end of the second horizontal branch facing away from the first balun structure, and the end of the second vertical branch facing the metal base plate is electrically connected to the electrical connector. Similar to the above embodiment, it can ensure that the magnetic field generated by the second vertical branch is in the opposite direction to that of the first balun structure, thereby achieving a reverse cancellation effect, weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiation unit, and thereby weakening the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first radiation unit.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the first antenna element includes a first dipole element, which includes a first sub-element and a second sub-element. The first balun structure includes a first balun arm and a second balun arm, the first balun arm being connected to the first sub-element and the second balun arm being connected to the second sub-element. The first end of the first branch is electrically connected to the first balun arm, and the first end of the second branch is electrically connected to the second balun arm. When the second radiating element is operating, because both the first and second balun arms are within the magnetic field of the second radiating element, the first and second balun arms generate induced currents having a second frequency f2, and the induced currents have the same direction. At this time, the first end of the first branch is electrically connected to the first balun arm, thereby generating a current in the opposite direction to the current in the first balun arm, thereby weakening the magnetic field generated by the first balun arm. Similarly, the second branch can weaken the magnetic field generated by the second balun arm, thereby weakening the intensity of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first radiating element. In some embodiments of the present application, the number of main annular branches is two, the first antenna element further includes a second dipole element, and the second dipole element includes a third sub-element and a fourth sub-element. The first balun structure further includes a third balun arm and a fourth balun arm, the third balun arm is connected to the third sub-element, and the fourth balun arm is connected to the fourth sub-element. The first end of the first branch of one of the main annular branches is electrically connected to the first balun arm, and the first end of the second branch is electrically connected to the second balun arm; the first end of the first branch of another main annular branch is electrically connected to the third balun arm, and the first end of the second branch is electrically connected to the fourth balun arm. The first dipole element and the second dipole element operate simultaneously in a transmit-receive duplex mode, saving the number of first radiating units required to be set up in the antenna array. Moreover, similar to the above embodiment, the first branch of one of the main annular branches can weaken the magnetic field generated by the first balun arm, and the second branch of the main annular branch can weaken the magnetic field generated by the second balun arm. The first branch of another main annular branch can weaken the magnetic field generated by the third balun arm, and the second branch of the main annular branch can weaken the magnetic field generated by the fourth balun arm. This in turn weakens the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first radiation unit. In some embodiments of the present application, the two main annular branches are electrically connected at one end facing the metal base plate. At this time, different main annular branches are connected in parallel, so that the total inductance and total inductive reactance of the decoupling structure are smaller, thereby increasing the current size in the decoupling structure. Furthermore, when an induced current is generated in the first balun structure, the current in the decoupling structure is made closer to the current size in the first balun structure, so that the magnetic field strength generated by the decoupling structure is close to the magnetic field strength generated by the first balun structure, thereby improving the effect of reverse cancellation and achieving the purpose of reducing the interference of the first radiation unit to the second radiation unit in the antenna array.

[0014] In addition, according to the frequency formula of electromagnetic waves radiated by the LC oscillation circuit:

[0015] Where: f is the frequency of the radiated electromagnetic wave, L is the inductive reactance of the current line, and C is the capacitive reactance of the current line.

[0016] When the total inductance of the decoupling structure is smaller, the decoupling structure can be applied to a smaller operating frequency of the second radiating unit, and the decoupling structure can be applied to a wider operating frequency band of the second radiating unit.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the electrical connector is a sheet-like structure parallel to the metal base plate. In this case, the capacitance of the main ring branch is small and the capacitive reactance is large. According to the frequency formula of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the LC oscillating circuit:

[0018] In this case, the decoupling structure can be applied to a smaller operating frequency of the second radiating unit, so that the decoupling structure can be applied to a wider operating frequency band of the second radiating unit.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the main ring branch includes a first portion and a second portion, the electrical lengths of the first portion and the second portion being equal; and the end of the first portion facing away from the metal base plate and the end of the second portion facing away from the metal base plate have a first opening. The first balun structure includes a first balun arm and a second balun arm, both of which are connected to the metal base plate; the end of the first portion facing away from the metal base plate is electrically connected to the first balun arm, the length of the first portion is D1, the distance between the connection point of the first portion and the first balun arm and the connection point of the first balun arm and the metal base plate is H1, and λ H / 4≤D1+H1≤λ L / 2. The end of the second part away from the metal base is electrically connected to the second balun arm. The length of the second part is D2. The distance between the connection point between the second part and the second balun arm and the connection point between the second balun arm and the metal base is H2, and λ H / 4≤D2+H2≤λ L / 2. Where: λ H is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency f1 of the first radiation unit, λ L is the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency f2 of the second radiation unit.

[0020] When D1+H1≤λ L / 2, the direction of the current in the first balun arm and each part of the first section changes with the change in the direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second radiating element, and the direction of the current in each part of the first section changes simultaneously. At this time, the direction of the electromagnetic waves generated by the first balun arm and at least one section of the first section is always opposite, thereby achieving the purpose of reverse cancellation. Similarly, D2+H2≤λ L / 2, the directions of the electromagnetic waves generated by the second balun arm and at least one section of the second part are always opposite, thereby achieving the purpose of reverse cancellation.

[0021] When D1+H1>λ L / 2, when the direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second radiating element changes, the current change in the section of the first part near the connection point with the second part will be delayed, causing the current flow in this section to be opposite to the current flow in other sections of the first part. This may prevent the magnetic field generated by this section from canceling the magnetic field generated by the first balun arm. Similarly, D2+H2>λ L When the current in the second section near the connection point with the first section is 1 / 2, a delay occurs in the current change, causing the current flow in this section to be opposite to the current flow in other sections of the first section. As a result, the magnetic field generated by this section of the first section cannot cancel the magnetic field generated by the second balun arm, failing to reduce the interference of the first radiating element on the second radiating element in the antenna array.

[0022] In addition, when D1+H1≥λ H When the first radiating element is operating, the impedance of the first part of the decoupling structure is large, much larger than the impedance of the first balun arm, and the current flowing into the first part is much smaller than the current on the first balun arm. In this case, the electromagnetic wave generated by the first part can be ignored. Similarly, D2+H2≥λ H When φ is φ / 4, the electromagnetic wave generated by the second part can be ignored, that is, the influence of the decoupling structure on the operation of the first radiation unit can be ignored.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the decoupling structure further includes at least one secondary annular branch. The secondary annular branch is disposed on the side of the primary annular branch facing away from the metal base plate, and each secondary annular branch is electrically connected to the primary annular branch at one end facing the metal base plate. In this case, the primary annular branch and the secondary annular branch are connected in parallel, thereby reducing the total inductance of the parallel decoupling structure. According to the frequency formula for electromagnetic waves radiated by an LC oscillating circuit:

[0024] In this case, the decoupling structure can be applied to a smaller operating frequency of the second radiating unit, so that the decoupling structure can be applied to a wider operating frequency band of the second radiating unit.

[0025] A second aspect of the present application provides an antenna structure that may include any of the aforementioned antenna arrays, the antenna structure also including a radome, with the antenna array disposed within the radome. The aforementioned antenna structure has the same technical effects as the antenna arrays provided in the aforementioned embodiments and will not be further described here.

[0026] A third aspect of the present application provides a communication device that may include the aforementioned antenna structure. The communication device may further include a communication bracket on which the antenna structure is disposed. The aforementioned communication device has the same technical effects as the antenna structure provided in the aforementioned embodiment and will not be further described here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array in the related art;

[0032] FIG6 is a working direction diagram of the second radiation unit in the related art and the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG7 is a diagram showing the working gain of the second radiation unit in the related art and the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG8A is an assembly diagram of a first radiating element and a metal base plate of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG8B is a schematic diagram of current flow in a first radiating unit of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG8C is another schematic diagram of current flow in a first radiating element of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG9 is a front view of FIG8A;

[0038] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 11 is a front view of Figure 10;

[0040] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG13 is a front view of FIG12;

[0042] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG15 is a front view of FIG14 .

[0044] Figure markings: 01-communication system architecture; 02-communication equipment; 10-antenna structure; 11-antenna array; 111-metal base plate; 112-first radiating unit; 1121-first antenna element; 11211-first dipole element; b1-first sub-element; b2-second sub-element; 11212-second dipole element; b3-third sub-element; b4-fourth sub-element; 1122-first balun structure; 11221-first balun arm; 11222-second balun arm; 11223-third balun arm; 11223-fourth balun arm; 1123-decoupling structure; 11231-main annular branch; a1-first opening; a2-first part; a3-second part; a4-first branch; a41-first horizontal branch; a42-first vertical branch; a421-first longitudinal section; a4 22-second longitudinal section; a423-first U-shaped section; a424-third longitudinal section; a5-second branch; a51-second horizontal branch; a52-second vertical branch; a521-fourth longitudinal section; a522-fifth longitudinal section; a523-second U-shaped section; a6-electrical connector; 11232-sub-annular branch; 113-second radiating unit; 1131-second antenna oscillator; 1132-second balun structure; 12-radome; 13-feeding network; 14-transmission component; 15-calibration network; 16-antenna connector; 20-communication bracket; 21-pole; 22-adjustment arm; 23-clamp; 03-terminal equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0046] In the following, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., are used for descriptive convenience only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature identified with "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0047] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed mechanical connection, a detachable mechanical connection, or an integrated connection; or, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0048] In the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0049] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the electrical length may refer to the ratio of the physical length (mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the electrical length may satisfy the following formula:

[0050] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, the physical length of the radiator may be understood as being within ±20%, or within ±10%, or within ±5% of the electrical length of the radiator.

[0052] The limitations of parallel, perpendicular, identical (e.g., identical electrical lengths) mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all based on the current state of the art, and are not strictly defined mathematically. A predetermined angle may be present between two mutually parallel or perpendicular components. In one embodiment, the predetermined angle may be within a range of ±10°, for example, a predetermined angle deviation of ±5°.

[0053] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, components are represented by guide lines with arrows; parts are represented by guide lines only; and hollow structures such as openings are represented by guide lines with a hollow circle at one end.

[0054] A communication system architecture 01 provided in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 1, may include a communication device 02 and a terminal device 03, and the communication device 02 may perform wireless communication with the terminal device 03. For example, the communication device 02 may include a base station. The base station is used to provide cell coverage for wireless signals to achieve connection between the terminal device and the radio frequency end of the wireless network. Based on this, for example, the base station may be a base station (base transceiver station, BTS) in a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system or a code division multiple access (CDMA) system. Or, for another example, the base station may be a base station (Node B, NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system. Or, for another example, the base station may be an evolutionary Node B (eNB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the above-mentioned base station can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a base station in a 5G network, or it can also be a base station in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN) network, for example, a new wireless base station, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0055] In addition, the terminal device 03 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (pad), a laptop computer, a smart home, a smart wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart bracelet, smart glasses, a smart helmet), a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, etc. The terminal device 03 may also be a handheld terminal device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a device in a 5G network, or a terminal device in a future evolved PLMN, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0056] In the case where the communication device 02 is a base station, in some embodiments of the present application, the communication device 02 may include an antenna structure 10 and a communication support 20 as shown in FIG2 . The antenna structure 10 is disposed on the communication support 20 .

[0057] For example, the communication bracket 20 may include a pole 21, which can secure and support the antenna structure 10. Furthermore, the communication bracket 20 may also include an adjustment arm 22 and a clamp 23. The adjustment arm 22 is located between the antenna structure 10 and the pole 21. One end of the clamp 23 is connected to the adjustment arm 22, and the other end of the clamp 23 is connected to the pole 21. The antenna structure 10 can be connected to the pole 21 via the adjustment arm 22 and the clamp 23 in sequence. The adjustment arm 22 can adjust the pitch angle of the antenna structure 10 relative to the pole 21.

[0058] On this basis, the antenna structure 10 may include an antenna array 11 and a radome 12 as shown in FIG3 , wherein the antenna array 11 is disposed in the radome 12. The radome 12 can also resist the influence of the external environment of the antenna structure 10, thereby protecting the antenna array 11.

[0059] 3 , the antenna structure 10 further includes a feed network 13 . For example, the feed network 13 may include a phase shifter, a filter, a combiner, etc. The antenna array 11 receives or transmits radio frequency signals through the feed network 13 .

[0060] 3 , the antenna structure 10 may further include a transmission component 14 . The transmission component 14 is electrically connected to the feed network 13 . The feed network 13 may achieve different radiation beam directions through the transmission component 14 .

[0061] 3 , the antenna structure 10 may further include a calibration network 15, which is electrically connected to the feed network 13. The feed network 13 may obtain a calibration signal required by the system through the calibration network 15.

[0062] 3 , the antenna structure 10 may further include an antenna connector 16, which is electrically connected to the feed network 13. The antenna connector 16 is used to connect to an external device, thereby completing the exchange of radio frequency signals between the antenna structure 10 and the external device.

[0063] On this basis, the antenna array 11 can include a metal base plate 111 and a first radiating element 112 and a second radiating element 113 disposed on the metal base plate 111, as shown in FIG4 . The first radiating element 112 has a first frequency f1, that is, the first radiating element 112 can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves having the first frequency f1. The second radiating element 113 has a second frequency f2, and f2 < f1, that is, the second radiating element 113 can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves having the second frequency f2. Because f2 < f1, the first radiating element 112 can receive or transmit electromagnetic waves of a higher frequency, while the second radiating element 113 can receive or transmit electromagnetic waves of a lower frequency. In this way, the antenna array 11 can receive or transmit both higher-frequency and lower-frequency electromagnetic wave signals. In other words, the first radiating element 112 is a high-frequency radiating element, and the second radiating element 113 is a low-frequency radiating element.

[0064] In one embodiment, the first frequency f1 is approximately four times the second frequency f2. In other embodiments, the first frequency f1 may be approximately other multiples of the second frequency f2, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. For example, the first frequency f1 is 2500 MHz and the second frequency f2 is 750 MHz.

[0065] As shown in Figure 4, the first radiating unit 112 may include a first antenna element 1121 and a first balun structure 1122. The first balun structure 1122 is located between the first antenna element 1121 and the metal base plate 111 and is electrically connected to the first antenna element 1121 and the metal base plate 111. As can be seen from the above, when the first antenna element 1121 receives an electromagnetic wave signal, it is transmitted to the metal base plate 111 via the first balun structure 1122 and then out of the antenna array 11. Alternatively, when the first antenna element 1121 needs to transmit an electromagnetic wave signal, a radio frequency signal is transmitted to the first balun structure 1122 via the metal base plate 111, and then transmitted to the first antenna element 1121 via the first balun structure 1122. After receiving the radio frequency signal, the first antenna element 1121 transmits the electromagnetic wave. This completes the radio frequency signal exchange between the first antenna element 1121 of the first radiating unit 112 and other devices.

[0066] As shown in FIG4 , the second radiating element 113 may include a second antenna element 1131 and a second balun structure 1132. The second balun structure 1132 is located between the second antenna element 1131 and the metal base plate 111, and is electrically connected to the second antenna element 1131 and the metal base plate 111. Similar to the first radiating element 112 in the above embodiment, the second antenna element 1131 and the metal base plate 111 can transmit radio frequency signals through the second balun structure 1132, thereby completing radio frequency signal exchange between the second antenna element 1131 of the second radiating element 113 and other devices.

[0067] As shown in Figure 5, in the related art, when the second radiating element 113 is operating, under the influence of the electromagnetic waves with a second frequency f2 transmitted by the second radiating element 113, the magnetic field around the first balun structure 1122 of the first radiating element 112 undergoes periodic changes, thereby causing the first balun structure 1122 to generate an induced current with the second frequency f2. At this time, the first balun structure 1122 generates electromagnetic waves with the second frequency f2, which in turn interfere with the electromagnetic wave signals with the second frequency f2 transmitted by the second radiating element 113, deteriorating the scattering parameters of the second radiating element 113 and causing distortion in the radiation pattern of the second radiating element 113. Figure 6 shows the relationship between the angle between the radiation direction of the second radiating element 113 in three-dimensional space and the direction perpendicular to the metal base plate and the normalized directivity coefficient when the second frequency is 750 MHz. Curve S1 shows that the second radiating element 113 in the related art has poor directional symmetry, meaning that the first radiating element 112 significantly interferes with the second radiating element 113. 7 shows a relationship between the second frequency and the directivity coefficient of the second radiating element 113. As can be seen from curve S3, in the related art, the directivity coefficient of the second radiating element 113 is relatively small, that is, its gain is relatively small.

[0068] To address the above issues, as shown in FIG8A , the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG4 ) may include a decoupling structure 1123. The decoupling structure 1123 is insulated from the metal base plate 111 and includes at least one main annular branch 11231. The main annular branch 11231 is located between the first antenna element 1121 (as shown in FIG4 ) and the metal base plate 111. At least a portion of the main annular branch 11231 intersects the metal base plate 111. The end of the main annular branch 11231 facing away from the metal base plate 111 has a first opening a1. Both ends of the main annular branch 11231 at the first opening a1 are electrically connected to the first balun structure 1122. When the second radiating element 113 (as shown in FIG4 ) operates, causing the first balun structure 1122 to generate an induced current having a second frequency f2, the direction of the induced current alternates at the frequency f2. At this time, an alternating current with a second frequency f2 is also generated on the main annular branch 11231 .

[0069] As shown in FIG8B , when the direction of the induced current on the first balun structure 1122 is away from the metal base plate 111, that is, when the induced current flows from the first balun structure 1122 toward one end of the metal base plate 111 toward the connection point between the main annular branch 11231 and the first balun structure 1122, a current is generated on the main annular branch 11231, flowing from the connection point between the main annular branch 11231 and the first balun structure 1122 to the main annular branch 11231. Furthermore, because at least a portion of the main annular branch 11231 is arranged to intersect with the metal base plate 111, and the first opening a1 is located at the end away from the metal base plate 111, when current flows through the main annular branch 11231, the direction of the current on at least a portion of the main annular branch 11231 is toward the metal base plate 111. That is, the direction of the current in this portion is opposite to the direction of the current in the first balun structure 1122.

[0070] As shown in FIG8C , when the induced current on the first balun structure 1122 is directed toward the metal base plate 111, that is, when the induced current flows from the connection point between the main annular branch 11231 and the first balun structure 1122 to the end of the first balun structure 1122 facing the metal base plate 111, a current is generated on the main annular branch 11231 and flows toward the connection point between the main annular branch 11231 and the first balun structure 1122. At least a portion of the main annular branch 11231 intersects the metal base plate 111, and the current in this portion is directed away from the metal base plate 111. In other words, the current in this portion is still in the opposite direction to the current in the first balun structure 1122.

[0071] In summary, the current direction of at least a portion of the main annular branch 11231 is always opposite to the current direction in the first balun structure 1122, and the direction of the generated magnetic field is also opposite. That is, when the second radiating element 113 (as shown in FIG. 4 ) is operating normally, an induced current is generated in the first balun structure 1122 of the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG. 4 ), and a magnetic field is generated through electromagnetic induction, the main annular branch 11231 of the decoupling structure 1123 (as shown in FIG. 8A ) generates a magnetic field in the opposite direction, thereby reducing the total magnetic field intensity generated by the first radiating element 112 and, in turn, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the first radiating element 112. Continuing with FIG. 6 , curve S2 shows that the second radiating element 113 of the present embodiment has good directional symmetry, meaning that the first radiating element 112 has little interference with the second radiating element 113. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7 , curve S4 shows that the directivity coefficient of the second radiating element 113 of the present embodiment is always greater than that of the related art, meaning that the second radiating element 113 of the present embodiment has a greater gain. This demonstrates that the first radiating element 112 of the present embodiment has less interference with the second radiating element 113 and better directivity. This reduces the interference of the first radiating element 112 on the second radiating element 113 in the antenna array. This reduces the interference of the high-frequency radiating elements on the low-frequency radiating elements in the antenna array 11.

[0072] 8A , the decoupling structure 1123 is insulated from the metal base plate 111 to prevent direct electrical connection between the decoupling structure 1123 and the metal base plate 111 , causing direct conduction between the decoupling structure 1123 and the metal base plate 111 , thus affecting the normal operation of the antenna array 11 .

[0073] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG9 , the main annular branch 11231 includes a first portion a2 and a second portion a3, and the electrical lengths of the first portion a2 and the second portion a3 are equal. The end of the first portion a2 facing away from the metal base plate 111 and the end of the second portion a3 facing away from the metal base plate 111 have a first opening a1. The first balun structure 1122 includes a first balun arm 11221 and a second balun arm 11222, and the first balun arm 11221 and the second balun arm 11222 are both connected to the metal base plate 111. The end of the first portion a2 facing away from the metal base plate 111 is electrically connected to the first balun arm 11221. The length of the first portion a2 is D1, the distance between the connection point of the first portion a2 and the first balun arm 11221 and the connection point of the first balun arm 11221 and the metal base plate 111 is H1, and λ H / 4≤D1+H1≤λ L / 2. The end of the second portion a3 facing away from the metal base plate 111 is electrically connected to the second balun arm 11222. The length of the second portion a3 is D2, and the distance between the connection point between the second portion a3 and the second balun arm 11222 and the connection point between the second balun arm 11222 and the metal base plate 111 is H2, and λ H / 4≤D2+H2≤λ L / 2. Where: λ H is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency f1 of the first radiation unit 112 (as shown in FIG4 ), λ L is the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency f2 of the second radiation unit 113 (as shown in FIG4 ).

[0074] When D1+H1≤λ L / 2, when the direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second radiation unit 113 (as shown in FIG4 ) does not change, the direction of the current in the first balun arm 11221 and each part of the first part a2 remains unchanged; when the direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second radiation unit 113 changes, the direction of the current in the first balun arm 11221 and each part of the first part a2 changes simultaneously. At this time, the directions of the electromagnetic waves generated by the first balun arm 11221 and at least one section of the first part a2 are always opposite, thereby achieving the purpose of reverse cancellation. Similarly, D2+H2≤λ L / 2, the directions of the electromagnetic waves generated by the second balun arm 11222 and at least one section of the second part a3 are always opposite, thereby achieving the purpose of reverse cancellation.

[0075] And when D1+H1>λ L / 2, when the direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second radiating element 113 (as shown in FIG4 ) changes, the current change in a section of the first part a2 close to the connection point with the second part a3 will be delayed, thereby causing the current flow direction of this section to be opposite to the current flow direction in other sections of the first part a2. As a result, the magnetic field generated by this section of the first part a2 cannot play a reverse canceling role on the magnetic field generated by the first balun arm 11221, and the purpose of reducing the interference of the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG4 ) in the antenna array 11 on the second radiating element 113 cannot be achieved. Similarly, D2+H2>λ L When the current in the second portion a3 near the connection point with the first portion a2 is greater than or equal to 2, a delay occurs in the current change in the segment of the second portion a3 near the connection point with the first portion a2, causing the current flow in this segment to be opposite to the current flow in the other segments of the first portion a2. As a result, the magnetic field generated by this segment of the first portion a2 cannot cancel the magnetic field generated by the second balun arm 11222, and the purpose of reducing the interference of the first radiating element 112 on the second radiating element 113 in the antenna array 11 (as shown in FIG. 4 ) cannot be achieved.

[0076] In addition, in the radiation unit, the impedance is related to the structure and size, and also to the operating frequency of the radiation unit. H When the impedance of the first portion a2 of the decoupling structure 1123 (as shown in FIG8A ) is relatively large and much larger than the impedance of the first balun arm 11221, and the current flowing through the first portion a2 is much smaller than the current flowing through the first balun arm 11221, the electromagnetic waves generated by the first portion a2 can be ignored, and the effect of the decoupling structure 1123 on the operation of the first radiating element 112 can be ignored. Similarly, D2+H2≥λ H When the ratio is 1 / 4, the electromagnetic wave generated by the second portion a3 can be ignored, that is, the influence of the decoupling structure 1123 on the operation of the first radiation unit 112 can be ignored.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present application, as further shown in FIG8A , the main annular branch 11231 may include a first branch a4, a second branch a5, and an electrical connector a6. The first branch a4 and the second branch a5 are located on either side of the first balun structure 1122. The first end of the first branch a4 and the first end of the second branch a5 are electrically connected to the first balun structure 1122. A first opening a1 is defined between the first end of the first branch a4 and the first end of the second branch a5.

[0078] Continuing with FIG8B , the first end of the first branch a4 and the first end of the second branch a5 are respectively electrically connected to the first balun structure 1122. When the induced current on the first balun structure 1122 is directed away from the metal base plate 111, the induced current flows from the first balun structure 1122 toward one end of the metal base plate 111, toward the first end of the first branch a4, and then through the first branch a4 to the electrical connector a6. Furthermore, because at least a portion of the first branch a4 intersects the metal base plate 111, the current in this portion is directed toward the metal base plate 111. This generates a magnetic field opposite to that generated by the first balun structure 1122.

[0079] Continuing with FIG8C , when the direction of the induced current on the first balun structure 1122 is toward the metal base plate 111, the induced current flows from the connection between the first end of the first branch a4 and the first balun structure 1122 toward the metal base plate 111, toward the end of the first balun structure 1122 facing the metal base plate 111. At this point, the potential at the first end of the first branch a4 is lower than the potential at the second end, generating a current flowing from the second end to the first end within the first branch a4. At this point, the direction of the current within the first branch a4 is away from the metal base plate 111. This generates a magnetic field opposite to that generated by the first balun structure 1122. Therefore, a magnetic field opposite to that generated by the first balun structure 1122 is always generated within the first branch a4, thereby weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiating element 112 (shown in FIG4 ). This reduces the interference of the first radiating element 112 (i.e., the high-frequency radiating element) on the second radiating element 113 (shown in FIG4 ) (i.e., the low-frequency radiating element) within the antenna array 11.

[0080] Furthermore, as shown in FIG8A , at least a portion of the second branch a5 is disposed across the metal base plate 111. Similarly, at least a portion of the second branch a5 can also generate a magnetic field in the opposite direction to the magnetic field generated by the first balun structure 1122, thereby further weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiating element 112 (shown in FIG4 ). This thereby reduces interference from the first radiating element 112 (i.e., the high-frequency radiating element) in the antenna array 11 with the second radiating element 113 (shown in FIG4 ) (i.e., the low-frequency radiating element).

[0081] On this basis, as further shown in FIG8A , electrical connector a6 is located between first branch a4 and second branch a5, and is electrically connected to the second end of first branch a4 and the second end of second branch a5. Electrical connector a6 electrically connects first branch a4 and second branch a5, thereby reducing the impedance of main annular branch 11231, thereby increasing the current generated by first branch a4 and second branch a5, and ensuring that the magnetic field strength generated by first branch a4 and second branch a5 can significantly weaken the magnetic field generated by first balun structure 1122.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 8A, the first branch a4 may include a first horizontal branch a41 and a first vertical branch a42. A first opening a1 is provided between the end of the first horizontal branch a41 away from the first balun structure 1122 and the first end of the second branch a5. The first horizontal branch a41 is parallel to the metal base plate 111 and is electrically connected to the first balun structure 1122 at one end facing the first balun structure 1122. The end of the first vertical branch a42 away from the metal base plate 111 is electrically connected to the end of the first horizontal branch a41 away from the first balun structure 1122, thereby ensuring that the first vertical branch a42 is electrically connected to the first balun structure 1122. In addition, the first vertical branch a42 is perpendicular to the metal base plate 111. This enables the first vertical branch a42 to generate a current in the opposite direction to the current in the first balun structure 1122. As a result, the magnetic fields generated by the first vertical branch a42 and the first balun structure 1122 are in opposite directions, thereby achieving a reverse cancellation effect, weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG4 ), and further weakening the intensity of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first radiating element 112. This achieves the purpose of reducing the interference of the first radiating element 112 (i.e., the high-frequency radiating element) in the antenna array 11 with the second radiating element 113 (as shown in FIG4 ) (i.e., the low-frequency radiating element).

[0083] On this basis, as shown in Figure 8A , the end of the first vertical branch a42 facing the metal base plate 111 is electrically connected to the electrical connector a6. At this point, the impedance of the main annular branch 11231 is low, thereby increasing the current generated in the first vertical branch a42 and ensuring that the magnetic field strength generated by the first vertical branch a42 can significantly weaken the magnetic field generated by the first balun structure 1122.

[0084] Further, as shown in Figure 8A, the second branch a5 may include a second horizontal branch a51 and a second vertical branch a52. The second horizontal branch a51 is parallel to the metal base plate 111 and is electrically connected to the first balun structure 1122 at one end thereof. A first opening a1 is defined between the end of the second horizontal branch a51 facing the first balun structure 1122 and the first end of the first branch a4. The second vertical branch a52 is perpendicular to the metal base plate 111. The end of the second vertical branch a52 facing away from the metal base plate 111 is electrically connected to the end of the second horizontal branch a51 facing away from the first balun structure 1122. The end of the second vertical branch a52 facing the metal base plate 111 is electrically connected to the electrical connector a6. Similar to the first branch a4 in the above embodiment, this arrangement can also ensure that the magnetic fields generated by the second vertical branch a52 and the first balun structure 1122 are in opposite directions, thereby achieving a reverse cancellation effect, weakening the magnetic field generated by the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG. 4 ), and further weakening the intensity of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first radiating element 112. This achieves the purpose of reducing the interference of the first radiating element 112 (i.e., the high-frequency radiating element) in the antenna array 11 with the second radiating element 113 (as shown in FIG. 4 ) (i.e., the low-frequency radiating element).

[0085] In other embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the first vertical branch a42 includes a first longitudinal segment a421, a second longitudinal segment a422, and a first U-shaped segment a423; the first longitudinal segment a421 is electrically connected to the end of the first horizontal branch a41 that faces away from the first balun structure 1122, and the second longitudinal segment a422 is electrically connected to the electrical connector a6; the first U-shaped segment a423 is transversely arranged between the first longitudinal segment a421 and the second longitudinal segment a422, and the first U-shaped segment a423 is electrically connected to the first longitudinal segment a421 and the second longitudinal segment a422, respectively. At this time, the first longitudinal segment a421, the second longitudinal segment a422, and the first U-shaped segment a423 that face away from the opening can all generate currents in the opposite direction to that of the first balun structure 1122, thereby achieving a reverse cancellation effect. In addition, when the height of the first balun structure 1122 is low, or the available space around the first balun structure 1122 is small, the first branch a4 is connected in sequence by the first longitudinal section a421, the first U-shaped section a423, and the second longitudinal section a422, which can increase the length of the first vertical branch a42, thereby ensuring that D1+H1≥λ H / 4, thereby ensuring that when the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG4 ) operates normally, the impedance of the main annular branch 11231 is much greater than the impedance of the first balun arm 11221, and the current flowing to the first portion a2 is much less than the current on the first balun arm 11221. In this case, the electromagnetic waves generated by the first portion a2 can be ignored, and the effect of the decoupling structure 1123 on the operation of the first radiating element 112 can be ignored.

[0086] Furthermore, as shown in FIG11 , the first vertical branch a42 may further include a third longitudinal segment a424 and at least two first U-shaped segments a423. The third longitudinal segment a424 is disposed between the two first U-shaped segments a423 and is electrically connected to the two first U-shaped segments a423. By providing at least two first U-shaped segments a423, D1+H1≥λ is further ensured. H / 4.

[0087] Of course, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the second vertical branch a52 may include a fourth longitudinal segment a521, a fifth longitudinal segment a522, and a second U-shaped segment a523; the fourth longitudinal segment a521 is electrically connected to the end of the second horizontal branch a51 away from the first balun structure 1122, and the fifth longitudinal segment a522 is electrically connected to the electrical connector a6; the second U-shaped segment a523 is transversely arranged between the first longitudinal segment a421 and the second longitudinal segment a422, and the second U-shaped segment a523 is electrically connected to the fourth longitudinal segment a521 and the fifth longitudinal segment a522 respectively. As in the above embodiment, such an arrangement can ensure that D2+H2≥λ H / 4, thereby ensuring that when the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG4 ) operates normally, the impedance of the main annular branch 11231 is much greater than the impedance of the second balun arm 11222, and the current flowing to the second portion a3 is much less than the current in the second balun arm 11222. In this case, the electromagnetic waves generated by the second portion a3 can be ignored, and the effect of the decoupling structure 1123 on the operation of the first radiating element 112 can be ignored.

[0088] In still other embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, the first branch a4 may be arranged crosswise with the metal base plate 111, with the first end of the first branch a4 being arranged close to the first balun structure 1122, and the second end of the first branch a4 being arranged away from the first balun structure 1122. When the available space around the upper half of the first balun structure 1122 is small, while the available space around the lower half of the first balun structure 1122 is large, it is ensured that the first branch a4 can be arranged on one side of the first balun structure 1122.

[0089] Of course, as shown in FIG13 , the second branch a5 can be arranged crosswise with the metal base plate 111, with the first end of the second branch a5 being arranged close to the first balun structure 1122, and the second end of the second branch a5 being arranged away from the first balun structure 1122. Similar to the above embodiment, this arrangement ensures that the second branch a5 can be arranged on one side of the first balun structure 1122.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present application, as further shown in FIG8A , the first antenna element 1121 (as shown in FIG4 ) includes a first dipole element 11211, which includes a first sub-element b1 and a second sub-element b2. The first balun structure 1122 includes a first balun arm 11221 and a second balun arm 11222. The first balun arm 11221 is connected to the first sub-element b1, and the second balun arm 11222 is connected to the second sub-element b2. The first sub-element b1 and the metal base plate 111 can transmit radio frequency signals via the first balun arm 11221, and the second sub-element b2 and the metal base plate 111 can transmit radio frequency signals via the second balun arm 11222, thereby completing radio frequency signal exchange between the first dipole element 11211 of the first radiating unit 112 (as shown in FIG4 ) and other devices.

[0091] Continuing with FIG8A , the first end of the first branch a4 is electrically connected to the first balun arm 11221, and the first end of the second branch a5 is electrically connected to the second balun arm 11222. When the second radiating element 113 (shown in FIG4 ) is operating, because both the first balun arm 11221 and the second balun arm 11222 are within the magnetic field of the second radiating element 113, the first balun arm 11221 and the second balun arm 11222 both generate induced currents having a second frequency f2, and the induced currents have the same direction. At this time, the first end of the first branch a4 is electrically connected to the first balun arm 11221, thereby generating a current in the opposite direction to the current in the first balun arm 11221, thereby weakening the magnetic field generated by the first balun arm 11221. Similarly, the second branch a5 can weaken the magnetic field generated by the second balun arm 11222, thereby weakening the intensity of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the first radiating element 112 (shown in FIG4 ).

[0092] Furthermore, as shown in FIG8A , the number of main ring branches 11231 can be two, and the first antenna element 1121 further includes a second dipole element 11212, which includes a third sub-element b3 and a fourth sub-element b4. The first balun structure 1122 further includes a third balun arm 11223 and a fourth balun arm 11224, wherein the third balun arm 11223 is connected to the third sub-element b3, and the fourth balun arm 11224 is connected to the fourth sub-element b4. The third sub-element b3 and the metal base plate 111 can transmit RF signals via the third balun arm 11223, and the fourth sub-element b4 and the metal base plate 111 can transmit RF signals via the fourth balun arm 11224, thereby completing RF signal exchange between the second dipole element 11212 of the first radiating unit 112 (shown in FIG4 ) and other devices. Moreover, the first dipole 11211 and the second dipole 11212 work in the transmit-receive duplex mode at the same time, which reduces the number of first radiating units 112 required for the antenna array 11 .

[0093] For example, the first balun structure may be a cross-shaped balun structure or a straight-shaped balun structure, and the second balun structure may be a cross-shaped balun structure or a straight-shaped balun structure.

[0094] Continuing with FIG8A , the first end of the first branch a4 of one main annular branch 11231 is electrically connected to the first balun arm 11221, and the first end of the second branch a5 is electrically connected to the second balun arm 11222. The first end of the first branch a4 of another main annular branch 11231 is electrically connected to the third balun arm 11223, and the first end of the second branch a5 is electrically connected to the fourth balun arm 11224. Furthermore, similar to the above embodiment, the first branch a4 of one main annular branch 11231 can weaken the magnetic field generated by the first balun arm 11221, and the second branch a5 of this main annular branch 11231 can weaken the magnetic field generated by the second balun arm 11222. The first branch a4 of the other main annular branch 11231 can weaken the magnetic field generated by the third balun arm 11223, and the second branch a5 of this main annular branch 11231 can weaken the magnetic field generated by the fourth balun arm 11224. This further reduces the intensity of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the first radiation unit 112 (as shown in FIG. 4 ).

[0095] The above embodiment, as shown in FIG8A , takes the decoupling structure 1123 including two main annular branches 11231 as an example. In other embodiments of the present application, the number of the main annular branches 11231 may also be other numbers.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG8A , two main annular branches 11231 are electrically connected at one end toward the metal base plate 111. In this case, the different main annular branches 11231 are connected in parallel, thereby reducing the total inductance and total inductive reactance of the decoupling structure 1123, thereby increasing the magnitude of the current within the decoupling structure 1123. Furthermore, when an induced current is generated in the first balun structure 1122, the current within the decoupling structure 1123 is made closer to the magnitude of the current in the first balun structure 1122, so that the magnetic field strength generated by the decoupling structure 1123 is close to the magnetic field strength generated by the first balun structure 1122, thereby improving the effect of reverse cancellation and achieving the purpose of reducing the interference of the first radiating element 112 (as shown in FIG4 ) on the second radiating element 113 (as shown in FIG4 ) in the antenna array 11.

[0097] In addition, according to the frequency formula of electromagnetic waves radiated by the LC oscillation circuit:

[0098] Where: f is the frequency of the radiated electromagnetic wave, L is the inductive reactance of the current line, and C is the capacitive reactance of the current line.

[0099] When the total inductance of the decoupling structure 1123 is smaller, the decoupling structure 1123 can be adapted to a smaller operating frequency of the second radiating element 113 , and the decoupling structure 1123 can be adapted to a wider operating frequency band of the second radiating element 113 .

[0100] As shown in FIG8A , the electrical connector a6 is a sheet-like structure, parallel to the metal base plate 111. At this point, compared to the linear structure, the sheet-like structure has a smaller capacitance and a larger capacitive reactance. This results in a larger capacitive reactance for the main annular branch 11231. According to the frequency formula for electromagnetic waves radiated by the aforementioned LC oscillating circuit, the capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency. At this point, the decoupling structure 1123 can be adapted to the operating frequency of the smaller second radiating unit 113 (as shown in FIG4 ), allowing the decoupling structure 1123 to accommodate a wider operating frequency band for the second radiating unit 113.

[0101] The above embodiment, as shown in FIG8A , takes the electrical connector a6 as a sheet-shaped structure as an example. In other embodiments of the present application, the electrical connector a6 may also be a structure of other shapes, such as a linear structure.

[0102] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, the decoupling structure 1123 further includes at least one secondary annular branch 11232. The secondary annular branch 11232 is disposed on the side of the primary annular branch 11231 facing away from the metal base plate 111, and each secondary annular branch 11232 is electrically connected to the primary annular branch 11231 at one end facing the metal base plate 111. In this case, the primary annular branch 11231 and the secondary annular branch 11232 are connected in parallel, thereby reducing the total inductance and total inductive reactance of the parallel decoupling structure 1123. According to the frequency formula for electromagnetic waves radiated by the LC oscillating circuit described above, the inductive reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency. In this case, the decoupling structure 1123 can be adapted to the operating frequency of the smaller second radiating unit 113 (as shown in Figure 4), allowing the decoupling structure 1123 to adapt to a wider operating frequency band of the second radiating unit 113.

[0103] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited to this. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna array, characterized in that: include: Metal base plate; A first radiating element having a first frequency f1; The first radiation unit comprises: A first antenna element; A first balun structure is located between the first antenna element and the metal base plate, and the first balun structure is electrically connected to the first antenna element and the metal base plate; a decoupling structure insulated from the metal bottom plate, the decoupling structure comprising at least one main annular branch, the main annular branch being located between the first antenna element and the metal bottom plate; wherein at least a portion of the main annular branch is arranged crosswise with the metal bottom plate, an end of the main annular branch away from the metal bottom plate has a first opening, and both ends of the main annular branch at the first opening are electrically connected to the first balun structure; The second radiation unit is disposed on the metal bottom plate, and the second radiation unit has a second frequency f2, f2<f1.

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main annular branches include: The first branch, at least a portion of which is arranged to cross the metal bottom plate; a second branch node, at least a portion of which is arranged to cross the metal base plate; the first branch node and the second branch node are respectively located on both sides of the first balun structure, the first end of the first branch node and the first end of the second branch node are respectively electrically connected to the first balun structure; and the first opening is provided between the first end of the first branch node and the first end of the second branch node; The electrical connector is located between the first branch and the second branch, and is electrically connected to the second end of the first branch and the second end of the second branch.

3. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first branch includes: A first horizontal branch node is parallel to the metal bottom plate and electrically connected to the first balun structure at one end thereof facing the first balun structure; the first opening is formed between one end of the first horizontal branch node away from the first balun structure and the first end of the second branch node; The first vertical branch is perpendicular to the metal base plate, one end of the first vertical branch away from the metal base plate is electrically connected to one end of the first horizontal branch away from the first balun structure, and one end of the first vertical branch facing the metal base plate is electrically connected to the electrical connector.

4. The antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first vertical branch includes a first longitudinal segment, a second longitudinal segment and a first U-shaped segment; the first longitudinal segment is electrically connected to an end of the first horizontal branch away from the first balun structure, and the second longitudinal segment is electrically connected to the electrical connector; The first U-shaped segment is disposed between the first longitudinal segment and the second longitudinal segment, and the first U-shaped segment is electrically connected to the first longitudinal segment and the second longitudinal segment respectively.

5. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first branch is arranged crosswise with the metal base plate, a first end of the first branch is arranged close to the first balun structure, and a second end of the first branch is arranged away from the first balun structure.

6. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second branch includes: A second horizontal branch is parallel to the metal bottom plate and electrically connected to the first balun structure at one end thereof facing the first balun structure; the first opening is formed between one end of the second horizontal branch facing the first balun structure and the first end of the first branch; The second vertical branch is perpendicular to the metal base plate, one end of the second vertical branch away from the metal base plate is electrically connected to one end of the second horizontal branch away from the first balun structure, and one end of the second vertical branch facing the metal base plate is electrically connected to the electrical connector.

7. The antenna array according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The first antenna element includes a first dipole element, and the first dipole element includes a first sub-element and a second sub-element; The first balun structure includes a first balun arm and a second balun arm, the first balun arm is connected to the first sub-oscillator, and the second balun arm is connected to the second sub-oscillator; the first end of the first branch is electrically connected to the first balun arm, and the first end of the second branch is electrically connected to the second balun arm.

8. The antenna array according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of the main annular branches is two, the first antenna element further includes a second dipole element, and the second dipole element includes a third sub-element and a fourth sub-element; The first balun structure further includes a third balun arm and a fourth balun arm, the third balun arm is connected to the third sub-oscillator, and the fourth balun arm is connected to the fourth sub-oscillator; The first end of the first branch of one of the main annular branches is electrically connected to the first balun arm, and the first end of the second branch is electrically connected to the second balun arm; The first end of the first branch of another of the main annular branches is electrically connected to the third balun arm, and the first end of the second branch is electrically connected to the fourth balun arm.

9. The antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two main annular branches are electrically connected at one end facing the metal base plate.

10. The antenna array according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The electrical connector is a sheet-like structure and is parallel to the metal bottom plate.

11. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main annular branch comprises a first part and a second part, the electrical lengths of the first part and the second part are equal; and an end of the first part away from the metal bottom plate and an end of the second part away from the metal bottom plate have the first opening; The first balun structure includes a first balun arm and a second balun arm, both of which are connected to the metal base plate; an end of the first part away from the metal base plate is electrically connected to the first balun arm, the length of the first part is D1, the distance between the connection point between the first part and the first balun arm and the connection point between the first balun arm and the metal base plate is H1, and λ H / 4≤D1+H1≤λ L / 2; One end of the second part away from the metal bottom plate is electrically connected to the second balun arm, the length of the second part is D2, the distance between the connection point between the second part and the second balun arm and the connection point between the second balun arm and the metal bottom plate is H2, and λ H / 4≤D2+H2≤λ L / 2; Where: H is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency f1 of the first radiation unit, λ L is the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency f2 of the second radiation unit.

12. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decoupling structure further comprises at least one secondary annular branch; The auxiliary annular branches are arranged on a side of the main annular branches away from the metal bottom plate, and one end of each auxiliary annular branch facing the metal bottom plate is electrically connected to the main annular branch.

13. An antenna structure, characterized in that: It comprises the antenna array as described in any one of claims 1-12, the antenna structure also includes a radome, and the antenna array is arranged in the radome.

14. A communication device, characterized in that: Including the antenna structure as described in claim 13, the communication device also includes: a communication bracket, and the antenna structure is arranged on the communication bracket.

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