Transmission line, oscillator, phase shifter, feed network, antenna and communication device

Abstract

The present application provides a transmission line, an oscillator, a phase shifter, a feed network, an antenna and a communication device. The transmission line comprises: a first inner conductor, which comprises a first body surface, the first body surface being perpendicular to the direction of thickness of the first inner conductor; and a ground, which comprises a first slotted hole extending through the thickness of the ground, wherein the inner wall of the first slotted hole is coupled with the first body surface to form a capacitor. The technical solution can reduce the tolerance sensitivity of the impedance of the transmission line, can improve the anti-tolerance capability of the transmission line, and is thus conducive to ensuring the stability of the impedance of the transmission line.

Description

Transmission lines, oscillators, phase shifters, feed networks, antennas and communication equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on December 8, 2023, with application number 202311689902.6 and invention name “Transmission line, oscillator, phase shifter, feeding network, antenna and communication equipment”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly, to a transmission line, a dipole, a phase shifter, a feeding network, an antenna, and a communication device. Background Art

[0003] A transmission line is a conductor or conductor system with specific parameters and characteristic impedance. Its basic structure consists of an inner conductor and a ground, with the inner conductor and ground forming a capacitor. In wireless communication systems, transmission lines connect key components of the entire system and must not only transmit signals but also ensure stable signal transmission. Generally speaking, a stable impedance of a transmission line ensures stable and reliable signal transmission.

[0004] However, the impedance of existing transmission lines is sensitive to changes in the relative position between the core and the floor, and is prone to drastic changes, thus affecting the quality of signal transmission. Therefore, how to ensure the stability of transmission line impedance has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a transmission line, an oscillator, a phase shifter, a feeding network, an antenna and a communication device, which can ensure the stability of the transmission line impedance.

[0006] In a first aspect, a transmission line is provided, comprising: a first inner core, comprising a first main surface, wherein the first main surface is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first inner core; a floor, comprising a first slot hole extending through the thickness of the floor floor, wherein an inner wall of the first slot hole is coupled with the first main surface to form a capacitor.

[0007] In the embodiment of the present application, the inner wall of the first slot is coupled with the first main surface of the first inner core to form a capacitor. When the relative position of the first inner core and the floor changes, the coupling capacitance between the first inner core and the floor changes very little or remains basically unchanged, thereby improving the tolerance capability of the transmission line impedance and thus facilitating the stability of the transmission line impedance.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, at least a portion of the projection of the first inner core along the first direction is located within the range of the projection of the first slot along the first direction, and the thickness direction of at least a portion of the first inner core intersects with the thickness direction of the floor, wherein the first direction is the thickness direction of the floor.

[0009] When the relative position of the first inner core and the floor changes in the vertical and / or horizontal dimensions, the capacitor formation conditions are still met, and the capacitance between the first inner core and the floor is minimally affected. This maintains the stability of the capacitance formed by the first inner core and the floor, thereby ensuring the stability of the transmission line impedance, which in turn helps ensure the stability and reliability of the signal transmitted by the transmission line. Because the transmission line impedance is less sensitive to changes in the relative position between the first inner core and the inner wall of the first slot, there is no need to rely on high-precision processing or costly fixing solutions during the processing and installation process, which can reduce fixing costs.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a thickness direction of at least a portion of the first inner core is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the floor panel.

[0011] This is conducive to coupling between the first inner core and the floor to form a capacitor. In addition, when the dimensions of the first inner core and the floor are constant, such an arrangement can increase the tolerance range of the transmission line impedance, thereby maintaining the stability of the transmission line impedance.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first main surface is parallel to a thickness direction of the floor.

[0013] When there is a tolerance between the first inner core and the floor in the vertical dimension (ie, the thickness direction of the floor), the capacitance between the first inner core and the floor can still be kept stable.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first main surface includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the first slot includes a first wall facing the first surface and a second wall facing the second surface, wherein the first wall is parallel to the first surface, and the second wall is parallel to the second surface.

[0015] This can prevent the first inner core from contacting the floor, thereby improving the reliability of the capacitor.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first inner core is disposed in the first slot.

[0017] In this way, the coupling field between the first inner core and the inner wall of the first slot and the binding capability of the electric field can be enhanced, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the transmission line.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the projection of the first main surface along the second direction is divided into two parts arranged along the thickness direction of the floor by the projection of the floor along the second direction, and the second direction is the width direction of the floor.

[0019] In this way, when there is a tolerance in the position or size of the first inner core or the floor in the vertical dimension (i.e., the thickness direction of the floor), the coupling area between the first inner core and the floor can remain unchanged, thereby ensuring the stability of the capacitance between the first inner core and the floor.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first slot hole includes a first slot segment and a second slot segment spaced apart in a third direction, and the third direction is the length direction of the floor; the first inner core includes a first part, a second part and a third part connecting the first part and the second part, the first part is arranged in the first slot segment, the second part is arranged in the second slot segment, and the third part is located outside the first slot hole and does not contact the part of the floor used to separate the first slot segment and the second slot segment.

[0021] The first slot may include a plurality of slot segments arranged at intervals, which can enhance the strength of the floor without affecting the performance of the transmission line.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a thickness direction of the third portion is the same as a thickness direction of the first portion and / or the second portion.

[0023] The various parts of the first inner core have the same thickness direction, so the first inner core can be in a plate shape, with simple processing technology and convenient installation.

[0024] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a thickness direction of the third part is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first part and / or the second part; and / or a thickness direction of the third part is parallel to a thickness direction of the floor.

[0025] The coupling area between the third portion of the first inner core and the ground plane is increased, thereby improving the continuity of the transmission line impedance.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the transmission line further includes a second inner core, the second inner core including a second main surface, the second main surface being perpendicular to the thickness direction of the second inner core; the floor further includes a second slot hole extending through the thickness of the floor, the second slot hole and the first slot hole being spaced apart along the width direction of the floor floor, wherein the inner wall of the second slot hole is coupled with the second main surface to form a capacitor.

[0027] By arranging slots side by side on the floor, it is convenient to integrate multi-polarization feeders and less space is occupied in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the floor.

[0028] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a length direction of the second slot is parallel to a length direction of the first slot.

[0029] The first slot and the second slot are arranged side by side, which is beneficial to the integration and installation of multiple feeder lines.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the coupling between the first slot and the first inner core is used to transmit a first signal, and the coupling between the second slot and the second inner core is used to transmit a second signal.

[0031] In this way, the transmission line can take up less space to transmit multiple feeder signals.

[0032] In a second aspect, an oscillator is provided, comprising: a radiator for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals; and a balun electrically connected to the radiator, wherein the balun comprises the transmission line in the above-mentioned first aspect and any one of the implementations of the first aspect, to feed the radiator.

[0033] The balun of the oscillator adopts the transmission line structure of the first aspect, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the balun impedance.

[0034] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the vibrator further includes: a feeder portion electrically connected to the balun, wherein the feeder portion includes the transmission line in the above-mentioned first aspect and any one implementation of the first aspect, to feed the balun.

[0035] The balun and feeder parts of the oscillator both adopt the transmission line structure of the first aspect, so the balun and feeder parts are insensitive to position changes between the inner core and the ground, and a highly robust design can be achieved.

[0036] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the floor in the balun is connected to the floor in the feeder portion; and / or the first inner core in the balun is connected to the first inner core in the feeder portion.

[0037] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the radiator, the floor in the balun, and the floor in the feeder portion are integrally formed.

[0038] By rationally arranging the radiator, the floor in the balun, and the floor in the feeder part, it is possible to achieve integrated molding using a single processing technique, such as single-sided sheet metal bending processing, which has a simple process and low cost.

[0039] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first inner core in the balun and the first inner core in the feeder portion are integrally formed.

[0040] In this way, only one part needs to be installed to form balun feeding and feeder feeding, which is simple to install and low in cost.

[0041] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first inner core in the balun and the first inner core in the feeder portion are part of a +45° feeder, or are part of a -45° feeder.

[0042] In this way, the balun and feeder section can be used for ±45° dual-polarization feeding.

[0043] In a third aspect, a phase shifter is provided, comprising the transmission line in the first aspect and any one of the implementations of the first aspect.

[0044] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the phase shifter further includes: an input branch connected to the first inner core, wherein the first inner core includes at least two output ports; and a phase-shifting medium disposed between the inner wall of the first slot and the first main body surface, the phase-shifting medium being used to adjust the phase difference between the at least two output ports.

[0045] The phase shifter adopts the transmission line structure of the first aspect, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the phase shifter impedance.

[0046] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first main surface includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the first slot includes a first wall facing the first surface and a second wall facing the second surface; the phase-shifting medium is arranged between the first surface and the first wall and / or between the second surface and the second wall.

[0047] The phase shifting medium can realize the phase shifting function. In addition, when both wide surfaces of the first inner core are loaded with the phase shifting medium, the phase shifting amount can be increased.

[0048] In a fourth aspect, a feeding network is provided, comprising the transmission line in the first aspect and any one of its implementations; or comprising the phase shifter in the third aspect and any one of its implementations.

[0049] In a fifth aspect, an antenna is provided, comprising the transmission line in the first aspect and any one of the implementations of the first aspect; or comprising the vibrator in the second aspect and any one of the implementations of the second aspect; or comprising the phase shifter in the third aspect and any one of the implementations of the third aspect; or comprising the feeding network in the fourth aspect.

[0050] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising the antenna in the fifth aspect.

[0051] In combination with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the communication device further includes: a radio frequency module, which is used to send a radio frequency signal to the antenna.

[0052] In combination with the sixth aspect, in certain implementations of the sixth aspect, the communication device further includes an energy device, which is used to provide electrical energy to the radio frequency module and the antenna.

[0053] Optionally, the communication device is a base station.

[0054] In the seventh aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising a terminal device and the communication device in the sixth aspect and any one of the implementations of the sixth aspect.

[0055] The beneficial effects of the devices involved in the above-mentioned second to seventh aspects can be referred to the relevant description of the first aspect, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] FIG3 is a schematic structural block diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] 4 to 6 are schematic structural diagrams of several existing transmission lines.

[0060] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] FIG. 8 is a schematic front view and a schematic top view of the transmission line in FIG. 7 .

[0062] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0066] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0067] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0068] FIG15 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the effects of impedance variations of several transmission lines as their dimensional tolerances vary.

[0069] 16 and 17 are schematic structural diagrams of an oscillator provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0070] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibrator body before molding provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0071] 19 to 21 are schematic structural diagrams of a phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0072] Figure 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner core provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0074] It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, “ / ” means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; “and / or” in this article is merely a way to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0075] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two, and "at least one" and "one or more" refer to one, two or more. The singular expressions "a", "a", "said", "above", "the", and "this" are intended to also include expressions such as "one or more", unless there is a clear indication to the contrary in the context.

[0076] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, phrases such as "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and "in yet other embodiments" appearing in various places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more but not all embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "including," "comprising," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0077] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships that are defined relative to the orientations or positions of the components schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for description and clarification relative to the actual orientation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They may change accordingly according to changes in the orientation of the components placed in the accompanying drawings, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. In addition, the "vertical" involved in this application is not vertical in the strict sense, but is within the allowable error range. "Parallel" is not parallel in the strict sense, but is within the allowable error range.

[0078] In the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components or parts. For identical parts in the embodiments of this application, only one of the parts or parts may be labeled with a reference numeral in the figures as an example. It should be understood that the same reference numerals apply to the other identical parts or parts. In addition, the various parts in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and the sizes and dimensions of the parts shown in the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0079] When used in this application, "within the range of...", unless it is specifically stated that the end value is not included, it is assumed that both end values ​​of the range are included. For example, in the range of 1 to 5, the two values ​​1 and 5 are included.

[0080] For ease of understanding, the technical terms involved in this application are explained and illustrated below.

[0081] Coupling: includes direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" includes direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components, or as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals. Indirect coupling can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless / non-contact manner, for example, there is no conductor medium interference between component A and component B, and the energy radiated by component A can be transmitted to component B through the space between component A and component B. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gap between two conductive parts.

[0082] Component: includes at least one of a lumped component / device and a distributed component / device.

[0083] Lumped element: A lumped element is a collective term for all components whose size is much smaller than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency. For a signal, the characteristics of a component remain constant at all times, regardless of frequency.

[0084] Distributed element: Unlike lumped elements, if the size of the element is similar to or larger than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency, when the signal passes through the element, the characteristics of each point on the element itself will vary due to changes in the signal. At this time, the element as a whole cannot be regarded as a single entity with fixed characteristics, but should be called a distributed element.

[0085] Capacitor: This includes lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitors; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

[0086] Inductor: includes lumped inductance and / or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to an inductive component, such as an inductor; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a conductive component of a certain length.

[0087] A radiation element, also known as an antenna vibrator or antenna element, is the component of an antenna used to receive and transmit electromagnetic radiation. It is the basic unit of an antenna array and consists of a radiator and a balun.

[0088] Radiator: A device that converts waveguide energy from a transmitter into radio waves, or vice versa, thereby radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or waveguide energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted via a feeder to the radiator, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific spatial direction into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted via a feeder to the receiver input.

[0089] Balun (balanced to unbalanced, balun): also known as balanced-to-unbalanced converter or balun, is a device or structure used to realize the feed conversion from an unbalanced structure (such as a coaxial cable, microstrip line) to a balanced structure (such as a dipole), or a broadband radio frequency transmission line transformer that realizes the connection between a balanced transmission line circuit and an unbalanced transmission line circuit by converting the matching input into a differential output. The function of the balun is to make the system have different impedances (impedance) or be compatible with differential / single-ended signaling, and can be used to maintain impedance matching and improve signal transmission quality. There are many types of baluns, some of which can be used for impedance conversion, and some can be used to connect transmission lines with different impedances. The material of the balun is a conductive material, such as a metal material. There are many commonly used balun structures, such as a microstrip balun, a coaxial balun, a sleeve balun, etc. This application will provide a new balun structure.

[0090] Reflector: It can also be called floor, bottom plate, antenna panel, metal reflective surface, etc. It is generally a metal plate that will have an electrical effect on the antenna. For example, the reflector can be used to improve the receiving sensitivity of the antenna signal and reflect the antenna signal to focus on the receiving point, thereby enhancing the antenna's receiving and transmitting capabilities. It also blocks and shields the interference of radio waves from the back of the reflector (in the direction opposite to the radiation direction of the antenna) to the antenna, thereby enhancing the antenna's directionality.

[0091] Feed network: It is an important component of the antenna, connecting the antenna port and the radiating element, forming a signal transmission path, and can achieve functions such as impedance matching and amplitude and phase distribution. The main function of the feed network is to feed the signal from the transmitter to the radiating element according to a certain amplitude and phase, or to send the wireless signal received from the radiating element to the receiver according to a certain amplitude and phase. The feed network usually includes a controlled impedance transmission line. In some embodiments, the feed network may also include a phase shifter. In some embodiments, the feed network may also include devices such as combiners and filters. The feed impedance of the antenna is a combination of resistance, capacitance, and inductance.

[0092] A phase shifter is a device used to change the feed phase and amplitude of each radiating element in an antenna array, achieving phase shifting. Phase shifters can alter the phase difference between radiating elements, causing the antenna's vertical beam to form a specific downtilt angle, thereby flexibly changing the beam's coverage. Phase shifters are part of a feed network, which typically includes a power splitter and phase shifters connected to each branch of the power splitter. In some cases, if the phases of multiple outputs need to be adjusted simultaneously, the phase shifter may include at least one power splitter section. A power splitter section is used to split an input signal into multiple equal or unequal output signals, such as two-, four-, or six-way splits. A phase shifter consists of a phase-shifting medium, which is positioned within the phase shifter cavity and can move along a pre-set trajectory to achieve the phase shifting function. The phase shifter cavity is made of a conductive material, such as a metal (such as aluminum or copper). The phase-shifting medium is typically made of a material with a high dielectric constant, such as ceramic, alumina, or engineering plastics.

[0093] Transmission line: A linear structure with specific parameters and characteristic impedance, such as a wire or a wire system, used to transmit electromagnetic energy. Specifically, a transmission line is a group of conductor structures that provide signal transmission and return flow, or a pair of wires consisting of any two wires of a certain length, one of which is called a signal path and the other is called a return path. Generally, the pair of wires included in a transmission line can be respectively referred to as an inner conductor and a ground, wherein the inner core serves as a signal path for signal transmission and the ground serves as a return path for signal return flow. The inner core can also be referred to as an inner conductor, which is a conductive material, such as a metal material (such as aluminum, copper, etc.). The ground can also be referred to as an outer core, which is a conductive material, such as a metal material (such as aluminum, copper, etc.). The inner core and the ground are electrically isolated. Common transmission line structures include twisted pair, coaxial line, coplanar line, microstrip line, stripline, etc. The present application will provide a new transmission line structure.

[0094] Microstrip line: refers to a signal transmission line composed of a signal line and an adjacent plane layer (power or ground plane layer), in which the signal line and the plane layer are isolated by a dielectric insulation layer.

[0095] Stripline: refers to a transmission line consisting of two adjacent upper and lower plane layers (power or ground plane layers) and a signal line placed between the two plane layers, where the signal line and the plane layer are isolated by a dielectric insulation layer.

[0096] Coplanar line: refers to a transmission line in which the signal path and signal loop are on the same signal layer.

[0097] Antenna array: An array structure composed of at least one radiating element arranged according to a certain geometric pattern, wherein the at least one radiating element operates through a common feed network.

[0098] End / point: The "end / point" in the first end / second end / feeding end / grounding end / feeding point / grounding point / connection point of an antenna radiator should not be narrowly understood as an end point or end portion that is physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or section on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, an "end / point" may include a connection / coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to other conductive structures. For example, a feeding end / feeding point may be a coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to a feeding structure or feeding circuit (for example, an area facing a portion of the feeding circuit). For another example, a grounding end / grounding point may be a connection / coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to a grounding structure or grounding circuit.

[0099] Resonance / Resonant Frequency: Also known as resonant frequency, this refers to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna's input impedance reaches zero. Resonant frequency can have a frequency range, i.e., the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest point of resonance is the center frequency.

[0100] Resonance frequency band / communication frequency band / operating frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). In this application, the frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0101] Wavelength: Alternatively, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. "Operating wavelength" is not limited to the center frequency; it can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0102] Ground (GND): This term generally refers to at least a portion of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer within a communications device, or any combination of these. "GND" can be used to ground components within communications equipment. Grounding refers to coupling components to the ground / ground layer in any manner.

[0103] Tolerance refers to the allowable range of dimensional or performance variations during the manufacturing and processing process. It can be understood as the permissible deviation between design requirements and actual production. In product design, variations in dimensions or performance due to factors such as material properties, processing techniques, and assembly errors cannot be completely avoided. Tolerances are introduced to account for these inevitable variations and ensure that the product still meets its functional and performance requirements within the allowable range.

[0104] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1 , the communication system 100 may include a base station 101 and a terminal 102 , and wireless communication can be implemented between the base station 101 and the terminal 102 .

[0105] In the embodiments of the present application, the terminal 102 may refer to a user device, an access terminal, a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal device, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user apparatus. By way of example and not limitation, the terminal 102 may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, a terminal device in a 6G network, or a terminal device in a future-evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0106] In the embodiments of the present application, base station 101 may also be referred to as an access network device or access node. Base station 101 has wireless transceiver functions and is used to communicate with terminals. Base station 101 may be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), and is used to provide signal cell coverage to enable communication between terminals and the wireless network. As an example and not a limitation, the base station 101 may be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system or a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a node B (NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, an evolutionary node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation node basestation (gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, a next generation base station in a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, an access network device or a module of an access network device in an open access network (ORAN) system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, etc. The base station 101 may also be a module or unit that can implement some functions of a base station. For example, the base station 101 may be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU).Among them, in the ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU, DU can also be called open (open, O)-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CUP-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. The base station 101 can be a macro base station, a micro base station or an indoor station, a relay node or a donor node, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or it can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a server, and a network device in a future network, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. For example, the access network device in the vehicle to everything (V2X) technology can be a road side unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in the communication system can be base stations of the same type or different types. The base station 101 can communicate with the terminal, or it can communicate with the terminal through a relay station.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the base station 101 is configured with an antenna system to achieve signal transmission in space.

[0108] As shown in Figure 2, antenna system 200 may include structures such as antenna 201 and antenna support 202. In some embodiments, antenna 201 may be fixed to a pole 203 of base station 101 (in some scenarios, pole 203 may also be referred to as a tower) via antenna support 202.

[0109] In some embodiments, antenna system 200 may include a radome 204 that covers antenna 201. Radome 204 has excellent electrical properties for electromagnetic wave penetration and mechanical properties for withstanding harsh external environments, thereby protecting antenna 201 from external environmental influences. For example, radome 204 can reduce wind load (wind load, also known as wind dynamic pressure or wind load) on antenna 201. In the embodiment shown in FIG2 , radome 204 can be mounted on mast 203 via antenna bracket 202 to facilitate signal reception or transmission by antenna 201. Radome 204 can be applied to the radiating element of antenna 201, for example, by electroplating or spraying.

[0110] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the antenna system 200 may further include a signal processing device, which may be used to transmit signals through the antenna 201. Specifically, the signal processing device sends signals through the antenna 201, and / or the signal processing device receives signals through the antenna 201. In some embodiments, the signal processing device may include a radio frequency processing unit 205 and a baseband processing unit 206. The baseband processing unit 206 may be electrically connected to the antenna 201 through the radio frequency processing unit 205. In some embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 205 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 206 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU). The radio frequency processing unit 205 and the baseband processing unit 206 may be electrically connected through a transmission line 207.

[0111] 2 only exemplarily shows the positional relationship between the RF processing unit 205 and the antenna 201. In other embodiments, the RF processing unit 205 and the baseband processing unit 206 may both be located at the far end of the antenna 201.

[0112] Antenna 201 is the connection device between the wireless network RF front-end and terminal 102, primarily used to achieve cell coverage of wireless signals. Specifically, antenna 201 is the information energy converter between base station 101 and terminal 102, used to convert modulated RF current energy into electromagnetic wave energy for transmission, as well as to receive electromagnetic wave energy and efficiently convert it into RF current energy for transmission to the main device. Therefore, base station 101 can send signals to terminal 102 via antenna 201, and receive signals sent by terminal 102 via antenna 201.

[0113] FIG3 shows a schematic structural block diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. It is understood that the antenna 300 shown in FIG3 can be a specific example of the antenna 201 shown in FIG2 .

[0114] As shown in Figure 3, antenna 300 may include a radiating element 301, a reflector 302, and a feed network 303. Radiating element 301 may be a unit that constitutes a radiating element array, which can effectively radiate and / or receive antenna signals. The frequencies of different radiating elements 301 may be the same or different. Reflector 302 is used to constrain directionality. Radiating element 301 is typically disposed on one side of reflector 302. Feed network 303 is located between radiating element 301 and the power amplifier of RF processing unit 205 shown in Figure 2. Feed network 303 may feed radiating element 301 via transmission line 304, for example, to provide specific power and phase to radiating element 301. Feed network 303 is typically composed of a controlled impedance transmission line.

[0115] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3 , the feed network 303 may include a power splitter 3031 (or combiner 3032) that can be used in a forward or reverse direction, for dividing one signal into multiple signals or combining multiple signals into one. The feed network 303 may also include a filter 3033 for filtering out interference signals. For an electrically adjustable antenna, the feed network 303 may also include a transmission component 3034 and a phase shifter 3035. The transmission component 3034 is used to achieve different radiation beam pointing directions, and the phase shifter 3035 is used to change the maximum direction of signal radiation. In some cases, the phase shifter 3035 may also have the function of the power splitter 3031 (or combiner 3032), so that the power splitter 3031 (or combiner 3032) can be omitted from the feed network 303.

[0116] In some embodiments, the feeding network 303 may further include a calibration network 3036 to obtain a required calibration signal.

[0117] In the embodiment of the present application, different components included in the feeding network 303 may be electrically connected via transmission lines and connectors.

[0118] It should be noted that the power divider 3031 (or combiner 3032) can be located inside or outside the antenna cover 204 shown in Figure 2. In addition, the electrical connection relationship between the various components mentioned above is not unique, and Figure 3 only schematically shows one possible positional relationship and electrical connection method of the various components.

[0119] A transmission line is a conductor or conductor system with specific parameters and characteristic impedance. Its basic structure consists of an inner core and a ground plane, with the inner core and the ground plane forming a capacitor. The primary function of a transmission line is to transmit signals and energy from one location to another while maintaining signal quality during transmission. In wireless communication systems, transmission lines can be used in components that transmit energy and signals, such as feeders, phase shifters, combiners, and baluns. Transmission lines can also connect components that need to transmit energy and signals, such as connecting phase shifters to oscillators, connecting phase shifters to RRUs, connecting combiners to phase shifters, and connecting filters to combiners. Therefore, transmission lines must not only be able to transmit signals but also ensure the stability of signal transmission. Therefore, the quality and performance of transmission lines play a vital role in the stability and reliability of communication systems.

[0120] Generally speaking, a stable transmission line impedance ensures stable and reliable signal transmission. In transmission line theory, the capacitance between the core and the ground plane is a crucial component of the line's impedance. Therefore, the stability of this capacitance directly impacts the stability of the line's impedance. In other words, to maintain constant impedance, the capacitance between the core and the ground plane must remain stable.

[0121] The capacitance between the inner core and the floor can be calculated as follows: C = εS / 4πkd

[0122] Where ε is a constant; S is the area between the inner core and the floor (i.e., the coupling area, or capacitance area); d is the distance between the inner core and the floor; and k is the electrostatic force constant.

[0123] Currently, commonly used transmission lines have the following structures: microstrip line, stripline, and coplanar line (the coplanar stripline is taken as an example below), which are explained below with reference to Figures 4 to 6.

[0124] For ease of description, the following defines the direction parallel to the floor thickness as the Z direction, the direction parallel to the floor length as the Y direction, and the direction parallel to the floor width as the X direction. The X direction is perpendicular to the Y direction, and the Z direction is perpendicular to both the X direction and the Y direction. The definitions of the X, Y, and Z directions herein apply equally to the various figures described below. It should be noted that the above definitions of the X, Y, and Z directions are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the positional and connection relationships between the various components in the embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0125] For ease of description and understanding, in the embodiments of the present application, the dimension parallel to the Z direction may be referred to as a vertical dimension, and the dimension perpendicular to the Z direction may be referred to as a horizontal dimension.

[0126] FIG4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip line, wherein (a) and (b) in FIG4 respectively show three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the microstrip line at different angles. As shown in (a) and (b) in FIG4 , the microstrip line includes an inner core 401 and a floor 402, and the inner core 401 and the floor 402 are stacked in the Z direction. Specifically, the thickness direction of the inner core 401 is the same as the thickness direction of the floor 402 (refer to the Z direction shown in FIG4 ), and the plane where the main surface of the inner core 401 (i.e., the surface with the largest area on the inner core 401) is located is parallel to the plane where the main surface of the floor 402 (i.e., the surface with the largest area on the floor 402) is located (refer to the XY plane shown in FIG4 ). In other words, in the microstrip line, the layer where the inner core 401 is located is parallel to the layer where the floor 402 is located. It can be understood that a dielectric insulation layer (not shown in FIG4 ), such as a dielectric substrate or other dielectric, is further provided between the inner core 401 and the floor 402 , and the inner core 401 and the floor 402 are respectively provided on both sides of the dielectric insulation layer in the thickness direction (refer to the Z direction shown in FIG4 ).

[0127] As shown in Figure 4 , in a microstrip line, the core 401 and the floor 402 form a capacitor. The wide coupling between the floor 402 and the core 401 creates the transmission line capacitance, with the distance between the core 401 and the floor 402 being H1. According to the capacitance calculation formula, when the relative positions of the core 401 and the floor 402 change in the horizontal dimension, the coupling area between the floor 402 and the core 401 does not change, resulting in a relatively stable capacitance between the core 401 and the floor 402. However, when the relative positions of the core 401 and the floor 402 change in the vertical dimension, the distance H1 between the core 401 and the floor 402 changes, causing the capacitance between the core 401 and the floor 402 to change dramatically, leading to dramatic changes in the microstrip line impedance. This means that the capacitance between the core 401 and the floor 402 is sensitive to changes in the distance H1 between the core 401 and the floor 402, resulting in poor tolerance (or resistance) of the microstrip line impedance in the vertical dimension.

[0128] Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a stripline, with Figures (a) and (b) showing three-dimensional views of the stripline at different angles. As shown in Figures (a) and (b), the stripline includes an inner core 501, a first floor plate 502, and a second floor plate 503. The inner core 501, first floor plate 502, and second floor plate 503 are stacked in the Z direction, with the inner core 501 positioned between the first floor plate 502 and the second floor plate 503. Specifically, with reference to the Z direction shown in Figure 5, the thickness directions of the inner core 501, the first floor plate 502, and the second floor plate 503 are aligned. With reference to the XY plane shown in Figure 5, the layers containing the inner core 501, the first floor plate 502, and the second floor plate 503 are parallel. It is understood that dielectric insulation layers (not shown in Figure 5), such as air or another dielectric, are also provided between the inner core 501 and the first floor plate 502, and between the inner core 501 and the second floor plate 503.

[0129] As shown in Figure 5, in a stripline, the inner core 501 and the first ground plane 502 form a first capacitor, while the inner core 501 and the second ground plane 503 form a second capacitor. The corresponding capacitance of the stripline is the sum of the capacitance of the first and second capacitors. The coupling between the first ground plane 502 and the wide surface of the inner core 501, and the coupling between the second ground plane 503 and the wide surface of the inner core 501, form the transmission line capacitance. The distance between the inner core 501 and the first ground plane 502 is H2, and the distance between the inner core 501 and the second ground plane 503 is H3. According to the capacitance calculation formula, taking the first capacitance as an example, when the relative position of the inner core 501 and the first ground plane 502 changes in the horizontal dimension, the coupling area between the inner core 501 and the first ground plane 502 does not change, thus the first capacitance remains relatively stable. However, when the relative position of the inner core 501 and the first ground plane 502 changes in the vertical dimension, the distance H2 between the inner core 501 and the first ground plane 502 changes, causing the first capacitance to change dramatically, resulting in a dramatic change in the stripline impedance. Similarly, when the relative position of the inner core 501 and the second ground plane 503 changes in the horizontal dimension, the second capacitance remains relatively stable. However, when the relative position of the inner core 501 and the second ground plane 503 changes in the vertical dimension, the second capacitance changes dramatically, causing the stripline impedance to change dramatically. In other words, the stripline impedance is sensitive to changes in the distance H2 between the inner core 501 and the first ground plane 502 and the distance H3 between the inner core 501 and the second ground plane 503. Consequently, the stripline impedance has poor tolerance (or resistance to tolerance) in the vertical dimension.

[0130] Figure 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a coplanar line, with Figures (a) and (b) showing three-dimensional views of the coplanar line at different angles. As shown in Figures (a) and (b), taking a coplanar stripline as an example, the coplanar stripline comprises an inner core 601, a first floor panel 602, and a second floor panel 603. The inner core 601, the first floor panel 602, and the second floor panel 603 are located on the same layer, with the inner core 601 located between the first floor panel 602 and the second floor panel 603. Specifically, referring to the Z direction shown in Figure 6, the thickness directions of the inner core 601, the first floor panel 602, and the second floor panel 603 are identical. Referring to the XY plane shown in Figure 6, the inner core 601, the first floor panel 602, and the second floor panel 603 are located on the same layer. It is understood that dielectric insulation layers (not shown in Figure 6), such as air or another dielectric, are also provided between the inner core 601 and the first floor panel 602, and between the inner core 601 and the second floor panel 603.

[0131] As shown in Figure 6, in a coplanar stripline, the inner core 601 and the first floor 602 form a first capacitor, and the inner core 601 and the second floor 603 form a second capacitor. The capacitance corresponding to the coplanar stripline is the sum of the capacitance of the first capacitor and the capacitance of the second capacitor. Specifically, the magnitude of the first capacitor depends on the thickness of the inner core 601, the thickness of the first floor 602, and the distance H4 between the inner core 601 and the first floor 602. The magnitude of the second capacitor depends on the thickness of the inner core 601, the thickness of the second floor 603, and the distance H5 between the inner core 601 and the second floor 603. According to the capacitance calculation formula, when the position of the inner core 601 changes in the X direction, the distance H4 between the inner core 601 and the first floor 602 and the distance H5 between the inner core 601 and the second floor 603 will change. However, the two can compensate for each other. That is, if the relative position of the first floor 602 and the second floor 603 remains unchanged, if H4 increases, H5 will decrease, and if H4 decreases, H5 will increase. The change in spacing will cause the first capacitor and the second capacitor to change, but the sum of the capacitance value of the first capacitor and the capacitance value of the second capacitor is relatively stable. When the relative position of the inner core 601 and the first floor 602 and / or the relative position of the inner core 601 and the second floor 603 changes in the vertical dimension, for example, the inner core 601 and the floor (such as the first floor 602 or the second floor 603) have a dimensional tolerance misalignment in the vertical dimension, and the coupling area of ​​the inner core 601 and the first floor 602 and / or the coupling area of ​​the inner core 601 and the second floor 603 will change. The position change of the inner core 601, the first floor 602, and the second floor 603 in the vertical dimension will cause the capacitance value of the first capacitor and / or the second capacitor to change dramatically, which will in turn cause a dramatic change in the impedance of the coplanar strip line. In other words, the coplanar line impedance is sensitive to the position change of the inner core 601, the first floor 602, and the second floor 603 in the vertical dimension, and thus the coplanar line impedance has a poor tolerance capability (or anti-tolerance capability) in the vertical dimension.

[0132] In summary, the impedance of existing transmission lines is sensitive to changes in the vertical position of the core and the floor. For example, when the relative vertical position of the core and the floor changes due to factors such as processing and / or assembly, the coupling area or spacing between the core and the floor is affected, causing the capacitance formed by the core and the floor to change dramatically, thereby causing a dramatic change in the transmission line impedance. To ensure the stability of the transmission line impedance, it is necessary to maintain the stability of the capacitance formed by the core and the floor. Furthermore, the smaller the change in the vertical position of the core and the floor, that is, the smaller the tolerance, the more precise the processing technology and / or the more expensive the transmission line fixing solution.

[0133] In view of this, the present application provides a transmission line that can reduce the sensitivity of the transmission line impedance to the relative position change between the inner core and the floor, thereby improving the tolerance capability (or anti-tolerance capability) of the transmission line.

[0134] FIG7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0135] As shown in FIG7 , transmission line 400 includes an inner core 10 and a floor panel 20. Floor panel 20 includes a slot 22 extending through the thickness of floor panel 20. Inner core 10 is disposed in slot 22, and the thickness direction of inner core 10 intersects the thickness direction of floor panel 20. For ease of description, in some embodiments, the thickness direction of floor panel 20 may be referred to as a first direction.

[0136] In the embodiment of the present application, the inner core 10 is disposed within the slot 22, and the thickness direction of the inner core 10 intersects with the thickness direction of the floor panel 20. Thus, the surface of the inner core 10 in the thickness direction forms a capacitor with the inner wall of the slot 22. When the relative positions of the inner core 10 and the floor panel 20 change in the vertical and / or horizontal dimensions, the capacitance formed between the inner core 10 and the floor panel 20 is minimally affected. This maintains the stability of the capacitance, thereby ensuring the stability of the transmission line impedance and, in turn, the stability and reliability of the signals transmitted by the transmission line.

[0137] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG7 , the floor 20 may include a base 21 and a slot 22 opened on the base 21 , wherein the slot 22 passes through the thickness of the floor 20 , that is, passes through the thickness of the base 21 , or in other words, the slot 22 connects the two surfaces of the base 21 in its thickness direction.

[0138] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the slot 22 is continuous and connected end to end. In other words, the inner wall of the slot 22 surrounds the inner core 10. This creates an energy return path between the inner core 10 and the floor 20 and helps reduce the effect of the distance between the inner core 10 and the inner wall of the slot 22 on the transmission line impedance.

[0139] In some embodiments, the inner core 10 is used to provide a signal path, and the floor panel 20 is used to provide a return path.

[0140] In the embodiment of the present application, the floor 20 is made of a conductive material, such as a metal material. For example, the floor 20 can be a metal flat plate.

[0141] In the embodiment of the present application, the inner core 10 is made of a conductive material, such as a metal material. For example, the inner core 10 may be a metal strip. FIG8 shows a schematic front view and a schematic top view of the transmission line 400 in FIG7 . The operating principle of the transmission line provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG8 .

[0142] FIG8(a) shows a schematic front view of the transmission line 400. Referring to FIG8(a), the thickness of the floor panel 20 is schematically indicated as NH1, and the width of the inner core 10 is schematically indicated as W. Generally, the width W of the inner core 10 is much larger than its thickness (see parameter NH2 shown in FIG8(b)). Therefore, the surface of the inner core 10 in the thickness direction is much larger than the other surfaces. For convenience of description, this is referred to as the wide surface in this embodiment. Generally speaking, the thickness NH2 of the inner core 10 is approximately equal to the thickness NH1 of the floor panel 20. Therefore, as shown in FIG8(a), the width W of the inner core 10 is much larger than the thickness NH1 of the floor panel 20. In other words, the width W of the inner core 10 is much larger than the dimension of the inner wall of the slot 22 in the thickness direction (i.e., the first direction) of the floor panel 20. In this embodiment, when the inner core 10 is disposed in the slot 22, the wide surface of the inner core 10 couples with the inner wall of the slot 22.

[0143] Since the wide surface of the inner core 10 is larger than the inner wall area of ​​the slot 22, when the relative position of the inner core 10 and the floor 20 in the vertical dimension (refer to the Z direction shown in (a) in Figure 8) changes, for example, the inner core 10 moves in the vertical dimension relative to the floor 20, or there is a tolerance in the dimensions of the inner core 10 and / or the floor 20 in the vertical dimension, the coupling area between the inner core 10 and the floor 20 can be kept unchanged, that is, the facing area between the wide surface of the inner core 10 and the inner wall of the slot 22 can be kept unchanged, thereby maintaining the stability of the capacitance between the inner core 10 and the floor 20, and then ensuring the stability of the impedance of the transmission line 400.

[0144] In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, since the wide surface of the inner core 10 is fully utilized as the coupling surface, its coupling capacitance is larger than the coupling capacitance of the coplanar line, and its ability to bind the electromagnetic field is stronger, thereby reducing transmission loss.

[0145] FIG8( b ) shows a schematic top view of the transmission line 400. Referring to FIG8( b ), the thickness of the inner core 10 is schematically represented as NH2. The inner core 10 includes a first surface 111 and a second surface 112 in the thickness direction, and the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 are arranged opposite to each other. The inner wall of the slot 22 includes a first wall 221 facing the first surface 111 and a second wall 222 facing the second surface 112. In other words, the first surface 111 of the inner core 10 is arranged opposite to the first wall 221 of the slot 22, and the second surface 112 of the inner core 10 is arranged opposite to the second wall 222 of the slot 22. Therefore, the capacitance formed by the inner core 10 and the ground plane 20 includes a first capacitance formed by the coupling between the first surface 111 and the first wall 221, and a second capacitance formed by the coupling between the second surface 112 and the second wall 222. As shown in FIG8( b ), the gap between the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 (i.e., the width of the slot 22) is schematically represented as Q, the gap between the first wall 221 and the first surface 111 is schematically represented as Q1, and the gap between the second wall 222 and the second surface 112 is schematically represented as Q2. The thickness NH2 of the inner core 10 is less than the width Q of the slot 22, so the inner core 10 can be inserted into the slot 22 to form a transmission line.

[0146] When the width Q of the slot 22 is fixed, when the relative position of the inner core 10 and the floor 20 in the horizontal dimension (for example, the X direction shown in (a) in reference Figure 8) changes, for example, the inner core 10 moves relative to the floor 20 along the width direction of the slot 22, or there is a tolerance in the assembly size of the inner core 10 and / or the floor 20 in the horizontal dimension, the gap Q1 affecting the size of the first capacitor and the gap Q2 affecting the size of the second capacitor can compensate each other, so that the sum of the capacitance value of the first capacitor and the capacitance value of the second capacitor remains unchanged, that is, the size of the capacitance formed by the inner core 10 and the floor 20 remains unchanged, thereby maintaining the stability of the capacitance between the inner core 10 and the floor 20, and then ensuring the stability of the impedance of the transmission line 400.

[0147] For example, as the inner core 10 moves relative to the floor 20 along the width of the slot 22, the distance Q1 between the inner core 10 and the first wall 221 of the slot 22 and the distance Q2 between the inner core 10 and the second wall 222 of the slot 22 change, but these distances compensate for each other. Specifically, as Q1 increases, Q2 decreases; and as Q1 decreases, Q2 increases. The sum of the capacitances of the first and second capacitors remains constant, so the capacitance between the inner core 10 and the floor 20 remains relatively stable, maintaining a stable transmission line impedance despite changes in Q1 and / or Q2.

[0148] Therefore, in the transmission line provided by the embodiment of the present application, the transmission line impedance is insensitive to the relative position changes between the inner core 10 and the floor 20 in the horizontal dimension and the vertical dimension, thereby improving the tolerance of the strip line tolerance and the transmission line impedance. In other words, when the relative position of the inner core 10 and the floor 20 in the vertical dimension and / or the horizontal dimension changes, the capacitance formed by the inner core 10 and the floor 20 can still remain stable, thereby ensuring the stability of the transmission line impedance and improving the tolerance of the transmission line impedance. In addition, since the strip line tolerance is improved, the transmission line can be manufactured using low-cost processes such as sheet metal processing, without relying on high-precision processing technologies such as printed circuit boards (PCBs).

[0149] It should be noted that the improved tolerance of the transmission line impedance can be understood as an increase in the error range allowed by the design dimensions of the transmission line (e.g., the design dimensions of the inner core 10, the design dimensions of the floor 20, and the assembly parameters between the inner core 10 and the floor 20) while maintaining the stability of the transmission line impedance, that is, the tolerance is expanded. The improved tolerance resistance of the transmission line impedance can be understood as the ability of the transmission line to remain stable when the transmission line undergoes dimensional variations due to factors such as material properties, processing technology, and assembly errors. The tolerance and tolerance resistance of the transmission line impedance simply describe the sensitivity of the transmission line impedance to tolerance from different perspectives. In the embodiments of the present application, the two can be used interchangeably.

[0150] In the embodiment of the present application, there are multiple ways to place the inner core 10 in the slot 22 .

[0151] In a possible implementation, the inner core 10 is vertically inserted into the slot 22 , and accordingly, the thickness direction of the inner core 10 is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the floor panel 20 .

[0152] For example, FIG9(a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission line 400 in FIG7 taken along line AA. As shown in FIG9(a), the first surface 111 of the inner core 10 can be perpendicular to the thickness direction of the inner core 10, the second surface 112 of the inner core 10 can be perpendicular to the thickness direction of the inner core 10, the first wall 221 of the slot 22 can be parallel to the first surface 111, and the second wall 222 of the slot 22 can be parallel to the second surface 112. Therefore, the first surface 111, the second surface 112, the first wall 221, and the second wall 222 are parallel to each other. In this embodiment, the gap between the first wall 221 and the first surface 111 (see the aforementioned parameter Q1) remains constant in the thickness direction of the floor panel 20, and the gap between the second wall 222 and the second surface 112 (see the aforementioned parameter Q2) remains constant in the thickness direction of the floor panel 20.

[0153] In this way, a certain distance can always be maintained between the first surface 111 and the first wall 221 , and between the second surface 112 and the second wall 222 , thereby preventing the inner core 10 from contacting the floor 20 and causing a short circuit, thereby improving the reliability of the capacitor.

[0154] In another possible implementation, the inner core 10 is inserted into the slot 22 at an angle. Accordingly, the thickness direction of the inner core 10 intersects with the thickness direction of the floor panel 20 and the intersection angle is not equal to 90°.

[0155] As an example, FIG9(b) shows another schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission line 400 in FIG7 taken along line AA. As shown in FIG9(b), the inner core 10 includes a first end 121 and a second end 122. The first end 121 and the second end 122 are the two ends of the inner core 10 in the width direction, wherein one of the first end 121 and the second end 122 is close to the first wall 221, and the other is close to the second wall 222. For example, the first end 121 is close to the first wall 221, and the second end 122 is close to the second wall 222; or the first end 121 is close to the second wall 222, and the second end 122 is close to the first wall 221. Alternatively, it can be understood that the inner core 10, based on the state shown in FIG9(a), is rotated about its length direction (i.e., the Y axis) to achieve tilt, resulting in the state shown in FIG9(b).

[0156] As another example, FIG9(c) shows a schematic top view of the transmission line 400 in FIG7 . As shown in FIG9(c), the inner core 10 includes a third end 123 and a fourth end 124. The third end 123 and the fourth end 124 are the two ends of the inner core 10 in the length direction, wherein one of the third end 123 and the fourth end 124 is close to the first wall 221, and the other is close to the second wall 222. For example, for example, the third end 123 is close to the first wall 221 and the fourth end 124 is close to the second wall 222; or the third end 123 is close to the second wall 222 and the fourth end 124 is close to the first wall 221. Alternatively, it can be understood that the inner core 10, based on the state shown in FIG9(a), is rotated about its width direction (i.e., the Z axis) to achieve tilt, resulting in the state shown in FIG9(c).

[0157] As another example, referring to Figures 9(b) and 9(c), the inner core 10 can be tilted in both the tilted state shown in Figure 9(b) and the tilted state shown in Figure 9(c). In other words, the inner core 10 rotates both in its lengthwise direction and in its widthwise direction based on the state shown in Figure 9(a).

[0158] In yet another possible implementation, both ends of the inner core 10 in the length direction are flush.

[0159] For example, FIG10(a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission line 400 in FIG7 taken along line BB. As shown in FIG10(a), the inner core 10 includes a third end 123 and a fourth end 124, which are the two ends of the inner core 10 in the longitudinal direction. The gap between the third end 123 and the wall of the slot 22 facing the third end 123 is constant along the thickness direction of the floor 20, and the gap between the fourth end 124 and the wall of the slot 22 facing the fourth end 124 is constant along the thickness direction of the floor 20. By way of example and not limitation, as shown in FIG10(a), the wall of the slot 22 facing the third end 123 is the third wall 223, the wall of the slot 22 facing the fourth end 124 is the fourth wall 224, the surface of the third end 123 facing the third wall 223 is the third surface 113, and the surface of the fourth end 124 facing the fourth wall 224 is the fourth surface 114. The third wall 223, the fourth wall 224, the third surface 113, and the fourth surface 114 may be parallel to each other. The gap between the third wall 223 and the third surface 113 remains constant in the thickness direction of the floor 20, and the gap between the fourth wall 224 and the fourth surface 114 remains constant in the thickness direction of the floor 20.

[0160] In yet another possible implementation, both ends of the inner core 10 in the length direction are not flush.

[0161] For example, FIG10(b) shows another schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission line 400 in FIG7 taken along line BB. As shown in FIG10(b), the inner core 10 includes a third end 123 and a fourth end 124, which are the two ends of the inner core 10 in the longitudinal direction. The gap between the third end 123 and the wall of the slot 22 facing the third end 123 (i.e., the third wall 223) is gradually changing in thickness along the floor 20, and the gap between the fourth end 124 and the wall of the slot 22 facing the fourth end 124 (i.e., the fourth wall 224) is gradually changing in thickness along the floor 20. By way of example and not limitation, as shown in FIG10(b), the surface of the third end 123 facing the third wall 223 is the third surface 113, and the surface of the fourth end 124 facing the fourth wall 224 is the fourth surface 114. The gap between the third wall 223 and the third surface 113 gradually changes along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20, and the gap between the fourth wall 224 and the fourth surface 114 gradually changes along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20. Alternatively, it can be considered that a portion of the third surface 113 is close to the third wall 223, while another portion is far from the third wall 223; a portion of the fourth surface 114 is close to the fourth wall 224, while another portion is far from the fourth wall 224. Alternatively, it can be understood that the inner core 10, based on the state shown in Figure 10 (a), is rotated about its thickness direction (i.e., the X-axis) to obtain the state shown in Figure 10 (b).

[0162] In some other embodiments, the placement of the inner core 10 shown in FIG. 9 may be combined with the placement of the inner core 10 shown in FIG. 10 , unless otherwise specified, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0163] It can be understood that when the inner core 10 is in the state shown in FIG. 9( b), FIG. 9( c), or FIG. 10( b), although the inner core 10 is tilted, in the horizontal dimension, the gap between the first surface 111 and the first wall 221 and the gap between the second surface 112 and the second wall 222 can compensate for each other, so that the capacitance between the inner core 10 and the floor 20 remains stable, and the impedance of the transmission line is also stabilized. In the vertical dimension, when the inner core 10 and the floor 20 are misaligned, as long as the inner core 10 does not completely move out of the slot 22, the coupling area between the inner core 10 and the floor 20 does not change, and the dimensional tolerance in this dimension has a negligible impact on the transmission line impedance.

[0164] In the embodiment of the present application, the inner core 10 can move relative to the floor panel 20 along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20 .

[0165] For example, as shown in FIG8( a ), the projection of the floor panel 20 along the second direction is located approximately in the middle of the projection of the inner core 10 along the second direction, where the second direction is the width direction of the floor panel 20. Exemplarily, the projection of the floor panel 20 along the second direction divides the projection of the inner core 10 along the second direction into two equal parts.

[0166] For another example, referring to (a) in Figure 11 , the projection of the floor panel 20 along the second direction deviates from the center line of the projection of the inner core 10 along the second direction. Exemplarily, the projection of the floor panel 20 along the second direction divides the projection of the inner core 10 along the second direction into two unequal parts.

[0167] For another example, as shown in FIG11( b ), one end portion (e.g., the first end 121 or the second end 122) of the inner core 10 in the width direction is located in the slot 22. Exemplarily, the projection of the first end 121 or the second end 122 along the second direction is located within the projection range of the floor panel 20 along the second direction.

[0168] In the above embodiment, the inner core 10 is disposed in the slot 22, wherein the inner core 10 can be fully inserted into the slot 22, or the inner core 10 can be partially inserted into the slot 22. In this way, there is a direct coupling area between the inner core 10 and the inner wall of the slot 22, which strengthens the coupling field and has a stronger ability to bind the electric field, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the transmission line.

[0169] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG11( c ), the inner core 10 may be offset from the slot 22, or may not be inserted into the slot 22 at all. In other words, the projection of the inner core 10 along the second direction does not overlap with the projection of the floor panel 20 along the second direction. In this case, as long as the distance the inner core 10 deviates from the slot 22 is within a certain range (e.g., a tolerance range), capacitive energy transfer can still be achieved between the inner core 10 and the floor panel 20.

[0170] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 11( c ), in the thickness direction of the floor panel 20 , a gap N between the inner core 10 and the floor panel 20 is less than or equal to 0.1 operating wavelength.

[0171] Figure 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 12(a) shows a schematic three-dimensional diagram of the transmission line 500, Figure 12(b) shows a schematic top view of the transmission line 500, and Figure 12(c) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission line 500 taken along line CC.

[0172] Referring to (a), (b) and (c) in Figure 12, the transmission line 500 includes an inner core 10 and a floor 20, the floor 20 includes a slot 22 that penetrates the thickness of the floor 20, a portion of the inner core 10 is arranged in the slot 22, and the thickness direction of the inner core 10 intersects with the thickness direction of the floor 20.

[0173] Specifically, the slot 22 includes a first slot section 231 and a second slot section 232 arranged along the length of the floorboard 20 (referred to as the third direction in the following embodiments for ease of description). The first slot section 231 and the second slot section 232 are not connected, or in other words, are spaced apart from each other. The inner core 10 includes a first portion 131, a second portion 132, and a third portion 133 connecting the first and second portions 131, 132. The first portion 131 is disposed within the first slot section 231, the second portion 132 is disposed within the second slot section 232, and the third portion 133 is located outside the slot 22 and does not contact the floorboard portion 233 (referred to as the connecting portion 233 for ease of description) between the first and second slot sections 231, 232. Alternatively, the projection of the first portion 131 along the thickness direction of the floorboard 20 is within the projection of the first slot section 231 along the thickness direction of the floorboard 20. The projection of the second portion 132 along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20 is located within the projection range of the second slot segment 232 along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20. At least a portion of the projection of the third portion 133 along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20 is located outside the projection range of the first slot segment 231 along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20 and outside the projection range of the second slot segment 232 along the thickness direction of the floor panel 20.

[0174] In this embodiment, the first portion 131 of the inner core 10 and the first slot segment 231 form a capacitor, while the second portion 132 of the inner core 10 and the second slot segment 232 form a capacitor. The connection portion 233 of the ground plane 20 serves as a short-circuit point between the first slot segment 231 and the second slot segment 232. Therefore, the third portion 133 of the inner core 10 bypasses this short-circuit point. The third portion 133 and the ground plane 20 (specifically, the connection portion 233) form a microstrip line, which effectively confines energy and ensures a continuous impedance transmission line.

[0175] It can be understood that FIG12 only schematically shows that the slot hole 22 is divided into two slot segments. In some other embodiments, the slot hole 22 can be divided into a greater number of slot segments, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0176] In this embodiment of the present application, the slots 22 provided in the floor 20 are divided into multiple slot segments, each of which can transmit energy. Adjacent slot segments are connected by connectors 233, meaning that the slots 22 are discontinuous. This improves the strength of the floor 20 while maintaining the performance of the transmission lines.

[0177] It can be understood that in the introduction of the transmission line 400, the relevant optional embodiments can be applied to the transmission line 500. For details, please refer to the relevant description above. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0178] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 7 to 12, the various parts of the inner core 10 can have the same thickness direction. Taking the transmission line 500 shown in Figure 12 as an example, the thickness directions of the first part 131, the second part 132, and the third part 133 are the same. The thickness direction of the third part 133 intersects with the thickness direction of the connecting portion 233 (that is, the thickness direction of the floor 20). Exemplarily, the thickness direction of the third part 133 can be perpendicular to the thickness direction of the connecting portion 233. In this way, the thickness directions of the various parts of the inner core 10 are unified, the processing technology is simple, and the cost is low.

[0179] In some embodiments, different portions of the inner core 10 may have different thickness directions, that is, the inner core 10 may be bent.

[0180] Figure 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 13 (a) shows a schematic three-dimensional diagram of the transmission line 600, Figure 13 (b) shows a schematic top view of the transmission line 600, and Figure 13 (c) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission line 600 taken along line DD.

[0181] The transmission line 600 shown in FIG13 is similar in structure to the transmission line 500 shown in FIG12 . Only the differences between the transmission line 600 and the transmission line 500 are described below. For other details, please refer to the relevant content introduction of the transmission line 500 and will not be repeated here.

[0182] As shown in Figures 13(a), 13(b), and 13(c), a transmission line 600 includes an inner core 10 and a floor panel 20. The floor panel 20 includes a slot 22 extending through the thickness of the floor panel 20. A portion of the inner core 10 is disposed within the slot 22, and the thickness direction of the portion of the inner core 10 within the slot 22 intersects the thickness direction of the floor panel 20. Specifically, the slot 22 includes a first slot section 231 and a second slot section 232 arranged along the length of the floor panel 20. The inner core 10 includes a first portion 131, a second portion 132, and a third portion 133 connecting the first portion 131 and the second portion 132. The first portion 131 is disposed within the first slot section 231, the second portion 132 is disposed within the second slot section 232, and the third portion 133 is located outside the slot 22 and does not contact the connection portion 233 of the floor panel 20.

[0183] The thickness direction of the third portion 133 intersects the thickness direction of the first portion 131. The thickness direction of the third portion 133 intersects the thickness direction of the second portion 132. The thickness direction of the third portion 133 is parallel to the thickness direction of the connecting portion 233, or it can be understood that the third portion 133 is parallel to the connecting portion 233.

[0184] Thus, the first portion 131 of the inner core 10 forms a capacitor with the first slot segment 231, the second portion 132 of the inner core 10 forms a capacitor with the second slot segment 232, and the third portion 133 of the inner core 10 forms a capacitor with the connecting portion 233. Because the coupling area between the third portion 133 and the connecting portion 233 is larger, the overall coupling of the inner core 10 to the ground plane 20 is increased, making the impedance of the transmission line more continuous.

[0185] FIG14 shows a schematic structural diagram of another transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0186] As shown in FIG14 , transmission line 700 includes a first inner core 141, a second inner core 142, and a floor panel 20. Floor panel 20 includes a first slot 241 and a second slot 242 extending through the thickness of floor panel 20. The first slot 241 and the second slot 242 are arranged along the width of floor panel 20, and are spaced apart from each other. The first inner core 141 and the first slot 241 are coupled to form a capacitor, and the second inner core 142 and the second slot 242 are coupled to form a capacitor.

[0187] In the embodiment of the present application, the relative positional relationship between the first inner core 141 and the first slot 241, the working principle, etc. can be referred to the description of the inner core 10 and the slot 22 in Figures 7 to 13. In other words, the embodiments involved in Figures 7 to 13 are also applicable to the first inner core 141 and the first slot 241, or in other words, the aforementioned description of the inner core 10 and the slot 22 can be directly replaced by the first inner core 141 and the first slot 241. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0188] Similarly, the relative positional relationship and operating principle of the second inner core 142 and the second slotted hole 242 can be referred to the description of the inner core 10 and the slotted hole 22 in Figures 7 to 13 . In other words, the embodiments described in Figures 7 to 13 are also applicable to the second inner core 142 and the second slotted hole 242. In other words, the aforementioned description of the inner core 10 and the slotted hole 22 can be directly replaced by the second inner core 142 and the second slotted hole 242. For the sake of brevity, this description will not be repeated here.

[0189] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the first slot 241 is continuous and connected end to end, and the inner wall of the second slot 242 is continuous and connected end to end.

[0190] In some embodiments, the length direction of the first slot 241 is parallel to the length direction of the second slot 242 .

[0191] In the embodiment of the present application, the size (eg, width, length) of the first slot 241 may be the same as or different from the corresponding size of the second slot 242 , and this application does not limit this.

[0192] In some embodiments, the wide surface of the first inner core 141 is parallel to the wide surface of the second inner core 142 .

[0193] In some embodiments, the thickness direction of the first inner core 141 is parallel to the thickness direction of the second inner core 142 .

[0194] In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the first inner core 141 may be the same as or different from the structure of the second inner core 142. The structure of the first slot 241 may be the same as or different from the structure of the second slot 242.

[0195] In some embodiments, the coupling between the first inner core 141 and the first slot 241 is used to transmit a first signal, and the coupling between the second inner core 142 and the second slot 242 is used to transmit a second signal.

[0196] In some embodiments, the phase of the first signal is the same as or different from the phase of the second signal.

[0197] It can be understood that FIG13 only schematically shows two side-by-side slots opened on the floor 20. In some other embodiments, a larger number of slots can be opened on the floor 20, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0198] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing a plurality of slots arranged side by side on the floor 20 to construct the transmission line, the space occupied by the transmission line in the horizontal dimension can be reduced, and the integration of multiple signal feeders can be facilitated.

[0199] FIG15 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the effects of the impedance of several transmission lines changing with dimensional tolerance.

[0200] Figure 15(a) is a schematic diagram comparing the effects of impedance variations of several transmission lines with horizontal dimension tolerances. As shown in Figure 15(a), when there is a horizontal dimension tolerance between the core and the floor, the impedance tolerance of the microstrip line shown in Figure 4 is the best because the capacitance between the core and the floor does not change with horizontal dimension variations. The transmission line provided by this application has a stronger tolerance than the coplanar line shown in Figure 6 because, at the same gap, the coupling capacitance between the core and the floor in the transmission line provided by this application is larger and the coupling field is stronger. Therefore, when the horizontal gap changes, the tolerance of the transmission line provided by this application is better than that of the coplanar line.

[0201] Figure 15(b) shows a schematic diagram comparing the effects of varying vertical dimension tolerances on the impedance of several transmission lines. As shown in Figure 15(b), when there is a vertical dimension tolerance between the core and the floor, specifically, the microstrip line exhibits a dimension H1 variation, while the coplanar line and the transmission line provided herein exhibit a vertical misalignment tolerance between the core and floor. The coplanar line shown in Figure 6 exhibits the worst impedance tolerance, as the capacitance between the core and floor primarily depends on the thickness of the sheet material, resulting in a small coupling area and sensitivity to misalignment. The transmission line provided herein exhibits substantially constant coupling capacitance between the core and floor, resulting in the strongest impedance tolerance.

[0202] In summary, the transmission line provided by the present application exhibits good tolerance resistance in both horizontal and vertical dimensions, while existing transmission lines have the defect of large impedance fluctuations with tolerance in one or more dimensions.

[0203] 16 and 17 show schematic structural diagrams of a vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein FIG16 shows an assembly schematic diagram of the vibrator 800 , and FIG17 shows an exploded schematic diagram of the vibrator 800 .

[0204] 16 and 17 , the vibrator 800 includes a radiator 31 and a balun 32 , and the radiator 31 and the balun 32 are electrically connected.

[0205] The radiator 31 is used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals. The radiator 31 may include a conductor having a specific shape and size, such as a wire or sheet, and the present application does not limit the specific shape.

[0206] In some embodiments, the linear radiator can be simply referred to as a wire antenna. In one embodiment, the wire diameter (for example, including thickness and width) of the linear radiator or the radiator of the wire antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length can be compared with the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, the length is about 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of wire antennas are dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (IFA). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding portion from the feeding end of the radiating branch. For example, an IFA antenna can be regarded as a monopole antenna with a ground path added. The IFA antenna has a feeding point and a grounding point, and because its side view is an inverted F shape, it is called an inverted F antenna.

[0207] In some embodiments, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (e.g., a conductive sheet or a conductive coating). For example, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet. In another example, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as silver paste. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, and annular, and this application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a floor, wherein the dielectric substrate is disposed between the radiator and the floor.

[0208] In some embodiments, the radiator may also include a slot or slit formed in a conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slit formed on a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slit radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or slot antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including the width) of the slot or slit of the slot antenna / slot antenna is significantly smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., the length is approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or slit may be referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slit (e.g., a closed slot or slit with an additional opening) may be referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is elongated. In some embodiments, the slot length is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium). In some embodiments, the slot length is approximately an integer multiple of the wavelength (e.g., one wavelength of the medium). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed with a transmission line connected across one or both sides of the slot, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space.

[0209] In some embodiments, the radiator 31 may be made of dielectric, metal, or ceramic.

[0210] The balun 32 is used to convert between balanced signals (two signals interacting with each other and unrelated to the ground) and unbalanced signals (a single signal to ground or pseudo-ground). Specifically, the balun can convert between a balanced (or differential) transmission line, in which currents are transmitted in opposite phases, and an unbalanced (or single-ended) transmission line, in which the return current is transmitted underground. For example, it can convert a single-ended signal into a differential signal. In the embodiments of the present application, the balun 32 uses the transmission line structure described in the previous embodiments (e.g., transmission line 400, transmission line 500, transmission line 600, or transmission line 700) to achieve balanced power feeding.

[0211] Exemplarily, the balun 32 includes a third floor 321 and a third inner core 322, the third floor 321 includes a third slot 323 extending through the thickness of the third floor 321, the third inner core 322 is disposed in the third slot 323, and the thickness direction of the portion of the third inner core 322 located in the third slot 323 intersects with the thickness direction of the third floor 321.

[0212] In this embodiment, the detailed description of the third floor panel 321, the third inner core 322, and the third slot 323 can be found in the above description of the floor panel 20, the inner core 10, and the slot 22. The above embodiments are also applicable here and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0213] In some embodiments, the thickness direction of the portion of the third inner core 322 located in the third slot 323 is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the third floor panel 321 .

[0214] In some embodiments, the third inner core 322 may not be inserted into the third slot 323 at all, such as the structure shown in (c) in FIG. 11 .

[0215] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 16 and 17 , the oscillator 800 may further include a feeder 33 electrically connected to the balun 32. In the embodiment of the present application, the feeder 33 may employ the transmission line structure described in the previous embodiments (e.g., transmission line 400, transmission line 500, transmission line 600, or transmission line 700) to provide power to the balun 32.

[0216] Exemplarily, the feeder portion 33 includes a fourth floor panel 331 and a fourth inner core 332. The fourth floor panel 331 includes a fourth slot 333 extending through the thickness of the fourth floor panel 331. The fourth inner core 332 is disposed in the fourth slot 333, and the thickness direction of the portion of the fourth inner core 332 located in the fourth slot 333 intersects the thickness direction of the fourth floor panel 331. The fourth inner core 332 is electrically connected to the third inner core 322.

[0217] In this embodiment, the detailed description of the fourth floor panel 331, the fourth inner core 332, and the fourth slot 333 can be found in the above description of the floor panel 20, the inner core 10, and the slot 22. The above embodiments are also applicable here and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0218] In some embodiments, the thickness direction of the portion of the fourth inner core 332 located in the fourth slot 333 is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the fourth floor panel 331 .

[0219] In some embodiments, the fourth inner core 332 may not be inserted into the fourth slot 333 at all, such as the structure shown in (c) in FIG. 11 .

[0220] In some embodiments, the third inner core 322 is fixedly connected to the fourth inner core 332. For example, the third inner core 322 and the fourth inner core 332 are integrally formed.

[0221] In some embodiments, the radiator 31 is fixedly connected to the third floor 321 ; or, the radiator 31 and the third floor 321 are integrally formed.

[0222] In some embodiments, the third floor panel 321 and the fourth floor panel 331 are fixedly connected; or, the third floor panel 321 and the fourth floor panel 331 are integrally formed.

[0223] In some embodiments, the radiator 31 , the third floor panel 321 , and the fourth floor panel 331 are integrally formed.

[0224] For example, the radiator 31, the third floor 321, and the fourth floor 331 can be formed by bending a metal plate through a sheet metal process. Figure 18 shows a schematic structural diagram of a vibrator body before forming provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 17, the metal plate 900 is a flat structure, which includes the radiator 31, the third floor 321, and the fourth floor 331. After bending, the metal plate 900 can form the vibrator body of the vibrator 800 (including the radiator 31, the third floor 321, and the fourth floor 331). In this way, integrated processing can be achieved.

[0225] In some embodiments, the third inner core 322 and the fourth inner core 332 may form a +45° feed line; or, the third inner core 322 and the fourth inner core 332 may form a -45° feed line.

[0226] The structures shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 can also be understood from the following perspectives.

[0227] As shown in Figures 16 and 17, the oscillator 800 includes a oscillator body and a first feeder. The oscillator body includes a radiator 31, a third ground plane 321, and a fourth ground plane 331. The first feeder includes a third inner core 322 and a fourth inner core 332. A third slot 323 is provided on the third ground plane 321. The third inner core 322 is disposed in the third slot 323. The thickness of the portion of the third inner core 322 located in the third slot 323 intersects the thickness of the third ground plane 321. The third inner core 322 and the third slot 323 are coupled to function as a balun, feeding the radiator 31. A fourth slot 333 is provided on the fourth ground plane 331. The fourth inner core 332 is disposed in the fourth slot 333. The thickness of the portion of the fourth inner core 332 located in the fourth slot 333 intersects the thickness of the fourth ground plane 331. The fourth inner core 332 and the fourth slot 333 are coupled to provide power.

[0228] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG17 , the oscillator 800 may further include a second feeder line, comprising a fifth inner core 325 and a sixth inner core 335. A fifth slot 324 is provided on the third floor panel 321. The fifth inner core 325 is disposed in the fifth slot 324, with the thickness of the portion of the fifth inner core 325 located in the fifth slot 324 intersecting with the thickness of the third floor panel 321. The fifth inner core 325 and the fifth slot 324 are coupled to function as a balun to feed the radiator 31. A sixth slot 334 is provided on the fourth floor panel 331. A sixth inner core 335 is disposed in the sixth slot 334, with the thickness of the portion of the sixth inner core 335 located in the sixth slot 334 intersecting with the thickness of the fourth floor panel 331. The sixth inner core 335 and the sixth slot 334 are coupled to provide power feeding.

[0229] Here, the third inner core 322 and the fourth inner core 332 transmit the same electrical signal, and the fifth inner core 325 and the sixth inner core 335 transmit the same electrical signal. The first feeder and the second feeder transmit different electrical signals.

[0230] In some embodiments, one of the first feed line and the second feed line is a +45° feed line, and the other is a −45° feed line.

[0231] In some embodiments, the third inner core 322 of the first feed line and the fifth inner core 325 of the second feed line are in a cross structure.

[0232] In some embodiments, a thickness direction of the fourth inner core 332 of the first feed line is parallel to a thickness direction of the sixth inner core 335 of the second feed line.

[0233] In some embodiments, the third floor 321 includes two third slot holes 323 and two fifth slot holes 324, the two third slot holes 323 are arranged opposite to each other, the two fifth slot holes 324 are arranged opposite to each other, the two third slot holes 323 and the two fifth slot holes 324 are arranged alternately in a clockwise direction, and the third inner core 322 and the fifth inner core 325 are inserted into the two third slot holes 323 and the two fifth slot holes 324 in a cross shape.

[0234] It can be understood that the two third slots 323 and the third inner core 322 constitute a balun, and the two fifth slots 324 and the fifth inner core 325 constitute another balun.

[0235] In some embodiments, the radiator 31 may include four radiating arms, which are respectively connected to portions of the third floor panel 321 for forming the two third slots 323 and the two fifth slots 324 .

[0236] In some embodiments, the length direction of the fourth slot 333 is parallel to the length direction of the sixth slot 334, that is, the fourth slot 333 and the sixth slot 334 are arranged side by side, which can reduce the space occupied by the feeder part 33 and facilitate the integration of multiple feeders in a limited space.

[0237] In this embodiment, the vibrator 800 includes three components: a first feed line, a second feed line, and a vibrator body. This vibrator 800 utilizes the transmission line structure provided in the embodiments of this application to construct a balun-balanced feed, and can also integrate a dual-polarization transmission line. Because both the balun and the feeder utilize the transmission line structure provided in the embodiments of this application, each feed structure segment is insensitive to dimensional tolerances, achieving a highly robust design.

[0238] When installing the vibrator 800, the first and second feeder lines can be directly inserted, making installation convenient. The balun portion of the vibrator 800 is slotted to create a slotted structure, into which the first and second feeder lines can be inserted for power feeding. By slotting the bottom of the vibrator to form a transmission line slot, the vibrator 800 can also integrate the feed transmission line, achieving low-cost manufacturing.

[0239] It should be noted that Figures 16 to 17 schematically illustrate the vibrator structure of a dual-polarized antenna using the transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application. In some other embodiments, the transmission line structure provided in the present application can also be applied to the vibrator structure of single-polarization, quad-polarization, octa-polarization, etc. antennas, which will not be illustrated here.

[0240] Figure 19 shows a schematic structural diagram of a phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) in Figure 19 shows a schematic structural diagram of the front side of the phase shifter 1000, and (b) in Figure 19 shows a schematic structural diagram of the back side of the phase shifter 1000. It is understood that Figure 19 only schematically illustrates the basic unit of the phase shifter 1000, namely, the structural diagram of the phase shifter power section. In the embodiment of the present application, the phase shifter 1000 may include one or more phase shifter power sections as shown in Figure 19. Only one phase shifter power section of the phase shifter is used as an example for description.

[0241] As shown in Figure 19, a phase shifter 1000 may include an inner core 41 and a base plate 42. The base plate 42 includes a slot 421 extending through the thickness of the base plate 42. The inner core 41 is disposed within the slot 421, and the thickness of the portion of the inner core 41 located within the slot 421 intersects with the thickness of the base plate 42. The phase shifter 1000 also includes an input branch 43. The inner core 41 may include a first output branch 411 and a second output branch 412. The input branch 43 is connected to the first output branch 411 and the second output branch 412, respectively. The input branch 43 includes an input port 443. The first output branch 411 includes a first output port 441, and the second output branch 412 includes a second output port 442. The signal transmitted from the input port 443 can be distributed to the first output port 441 and the second output port 442 according to a predetermined ratio. The phase shifter 1000 also includes a phase shifting medium 44, which is used to adjust the phase difference between the first output port 441 and the second output port 442. In other words, when the phase shifting medium 44 moves along the length direction of the slot 421 , the phase difference between the first output port 441 and the second output port 442 will change, thereby achieving a phase shifting function.

[0242] In some embodiments, the input branch 43 and the inner core 41 may form a T-shaped phase-shift power splitter, wherein the connection between the input branch 43 and the inner core 41 is a T-shaped node.

[0243] In some embodiments, the input stub 43 and the ground plane 42 may form a microstrip line.

[0244] In some embodiments, as shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 19 , a phase shifting medium 44 is provided between one surface of the inner core 41 in the thickness direction and the inner wall of the slot 421 .

[0245] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG20 , a phase shifting medium 44 is disposed between both thickness-direction surfaces of the inner core 41 and the inner wall of the slot 421. Because the inner core 41 is loaded with the phase shifting medium on both thickness-direction surfaces, the phase lag can be increased, thereby widening the adjustable range of the phase difference and, in other words, increasing the phase shift.

[0246] For example, referring to FIG. 19( b ) and FIG. 20 , the inner core 41 may include a first surface 111 and a second surface 112 along its thickness direction, with the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 disposed opposite each other. The inner wall of the slot 421 includes a first wall 221 facing the first surface 111 and a second wall 222 facing the second surface 112. A phase shifting medium 44 is disposed between the first surface 111 and the first wall 221 and / or between the second surface 112 and the second wall 222.

[0247] 21 , the phase shifting medium 44 may wrap around the inner core 41. For example, the phase shifting medium 44 wraps around the inner core 41 along a direction surrounding the length direction of the inner core 41.

[0248] In some embodiments, the phase shift medium 44 may be made of polycarbonate (PC). For example, the phase shift medium 44 may be solid, such as a sliding medium block, which can move relative to the inner core 41 in the slot 421 .

[0249] It should be noted that Figures 19 to 20 schematically show that the transmission line provided in an embodiment of the present application is applied to a T-type phase-shifting power divider (having two output ports). In some other embodiments, when the transmission line structure provided in the present application is applied to a phase shifter, the phase shifter may include three, four or more output ports. For example, multiple phase-shifting power divider sections shown in Figure 19 are spliced ​​together to obtain a phase shifter with multiple output ports. This will not be explained in detail here.

[0250] The phase shifter 1000 adopts the transmission line structure provided in the embodiment of the present application, which can improve the tolerance of the phase shifter impedance, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the phase shifter impedance and further ensuring the stability of the impedance of the entire feeding network.

[0251] In fact, in the antenna system, the transmission line structure provided by the present application can be applied to any location where coupling capacitance is required to transmit energy. The transmission line provided by the present application can also be understood as a transmission line unit. When the transmission line unit is applied to different components, it can have different names. For example, when the transmission line unit is applied to a balun, it can be called a balun; when the transmission line unit is applied to a phase shifter, it can be called a phase shifter; when the transmission line unit is used to connect different devices, it can be called a transmission line (for example, the transmission line 207 shown in FIG. 2 or the transmission line 304 shown in FIG. 3 ).

[0252] The embodiments of the present application involve the thickness, length, and width of the inner core. These directions will be further explained below in conjunction with Figure 22. Figure 22 shows a structural schematic diagram of an inner core. As shown in Figure 22, the thickness of the inner core involved in the embodiments of the present application refers to the minimum size parameter of the inner core. For example, the thickness of the inner core can be the distance between the two opposite main faces of the inner core, where the main face refers to the face with the largest area on the inner core. Accordingly, the direction in which the thickness of the inner core is located is the thickness direction of the inner core. The length of the inner core involved in the embodiments of the present application refers to the maximum size parameter of the inner core. For example, the length of the inner core can be the maximum extension dimension of an equal thickness section. Accordingly, the direction in which the length of the inner core is located is the length direction of the inner core. The width of the inner core involved in the embodiments of the present application can refer to the size parameter in a direction perpendicular to both the length direction and the thickness direction of the inner core. Accordingly, this direction is the width direction of the inner core.

[0253] Similarly, the thickness direction of the floor involved in the above embodiments refers to the direction where the minimum size parameter of the floor is located.

[0254] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the inner core perpendicular to the length direction can be a rectangle, a trapezoid, a parallelogram, etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0255] It should be noted that the transmission line structures shown in Figures 7 to 22 are merely schematic. For ease of understanding, the figures do not show supporting components. For example, the inner core can be disposed on a supporting component, which can be configured to engage with slots in the floor. Here, the supporting component is made of insulating material.

[0256] In combination with the above embodiments and Figures 7 to 22, an embodiment of the present application provides a transmission line, including a first inner core and a floor; the first inner core includes a first main surface, which is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first inner core; the floor includes a first slot hole that passes through the thickness of the floor, wherein the inner wall of the first slot hole is coupled with the first main surface to form a capacitor.

[0257] The inner wall of the first slot is coupled with the first main surface of the first inner core to form a capacitor. The area of ​​the first main surface is much larger than the area of ​​the inner wall of the first slot. When the relative position of the first inner core and the floor changes, the coupling capacitance between the first inner core and the floor changes very little or remains essentially unchanged. This reduces the sensitivity of the transmission line impedance to changes in the relative position of the first inner core and the floor, improves the tolerance of the transmission line impedance, and thus helps to ensure the stability of the transmission line impedance.

[0258] Illustratively, the first inner core may be the inner core 10 or the first inner core 141 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0259] Illustratively, the floor may be the floor 20 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0260] Illustratively, the first main surface may be the wide surface of the inner core 10 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0261] Illustratively, the first slot hole may be the slot hole 22 or the first slot hole 241 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0262] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the projection of the first inner core along the first direction is located within the range of the projection of the first slot along the first direction, and the thickness direction of at least a portion of the first inner core intersects with the thickness direction of the floor, wherein the first direction is the thickness direction of the floor.

[0263] In this way, the surface of the first inner core in its thickness direction can form a capacitor with the inner wall of the first slot. When the relative position of the first inner core and the floor changes in the vertical dimension and / or horizontal dimension, the conditions for capacitor formation can still be met, and the capacitance between the first inner core and the floor is less affected. This can maintain the stability of the capacitance formed by the first inner core and the floor, thereby ensuring the stability of the transmission line impedance, which in turn helps to ensure the stability and reliability of the signal transmitted by the transmission line. Because the transmission line impedance is less sensitive to changes in the relative position between the first inner core and the inner wall of the first slot, the error range allowed for changes in the relative position of the first inner core and the floor during processing and installation is increased, eliminating the need to rely on high-precision processing or high-cost fixing solutions, and reducing the cost of fixing.

[0264] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first core has a thickness direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the floor panel.

[0265] This facilitates the formation of capacitance between the first core and the floor. Furthermore, given a given size, this arrangement can increase the tolerance of the transmission line impedance. This means the tolerance between the first core and the floor increases while still maintaining the coupling capacitance between them, thus maintaining the stability of the transmission line impedance.

[0266] In some embodiments, the first main surface is parallel to a thickness direction of the floor.

[0267] The width of the first main surface is much larger than the thickness of the floor. Even if there is a tolerance between the first inner core and the floor in the vertical dimension (ie, the thickness direction of the floor), the capacitance between the first inner core and the floor can be kept stable.

[0268] In some embodiments, the first main surface includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the first slot includes a first wall facing the first surface and a second wall facing the second surface, wherein the first wall is parallel to the first surface, and the second wall is parallel to the second surface.

[0269] In this way, a certain distance can always be maintained between the first main body surface and the inner wall of the first slot, thereby preventing the first inner core from contacting the floor and improving the reliability of the capacitor.

[0270] Illustratively, the first surface may be the first surface 111 in the aforementioned embodiment, and the second surface may be the second surface 112 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0271] Illustratively, the first wall may be the first wall 221 in the aforementioned embodiment, and the second wall may be the second wall 222 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0272] In some embodiments, the first inner core is disposed in the first slot.

[0273] In this way, there is a directly facing coupling area between the first inner core and the inner wall of the first slot, the coupling field is stronger, the binding ability of the electric field is stronger, and the transmission loss of the transmission line can be reduced.

[0274] In some embodiments, a projection of the first main surface along a second direction is divided into two parts arranged along a thickness direction of the floor by a projection of the floor along the second direction, and the second direction is a width direction of the floor.

[0275] In this way, when there is a tolerance in the position or size of the first inner core or the floor in the vertical dimension (i.e., the thickness direction of the floor), the coupling area between the first inner core and the floor can remain unchanged, thereby ensuring the stability of the capacitance between the first inner core and the floor.

[0276] In some embodiments, the first slot hole includes a first slot section and a second slot section spaced apart in a third direction, and the third direction is the length direction of the floor; the first inner core includes a first part, a second part and a third part connecting the first part and the second part, the first part is arranged in the first slot section, the second part is arranged in the second slot section, and the third part is located outside the first slot hole and does not contact the part of the floor used to separate the first slot section and the second slot section.

[0277] The first slot hole may include a plurality of slot segments arranged at intervals. The first inner core may jump out of a slot segment, bypass the connecting portion between adjacent slot segments, and then be inserted into another slot segment. This arrangement may enhance the strength of the floor without affecting the performance of the transmission line.

[0278] Illustratively, the first slot segment may be the first slot segment 231 in the aforementioned embodiment, and the second slot segment may be the second slot segment 232 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0279] Illustratively, the first part may be the first part 131 in the aforementioned embodiment, the second part may be the second part 132 in the aforementioned embodiment, and the third part may be the third part 133 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0280] In some embodiments, a thickness direction of the third portion is the same as a thickness direction of the first portion and / or the second portion.

[0281] The various parts of the first inner core have the same thickness direction, so the first inner core can be in a plate shape, with simple processing technology and convenient installation.

[0282] In some embodiments, a thickness direction of the third portion is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first portion and / or the second portion; and / or a thickness direction of the third portion is parallel to a thickness direction of the floor panel.

[0283] The coupling area between the third portion of the first inner core and the ground plane is increased. For example, the third portion can form a microstrip line with the ground plane, which can improve the continuity of the transmission line impedance.

[0284] In some embodiments, the transmission line further includes a second inner core, the second inner core including a second main surface, the second main surface being perpendicular to the thickness direction of the second inner core; the floor further includes a second slot hole penetrating the thickness of the floor, the second slot hole and the first slot hole being spaced apart along the width direction of the floor, wherein the inner wall of the second slot hole is coupled with the second main surface to form a capacitor.

[0285] By arranging slots side by side on the floor, a feed transmission line for the radiation unit can be formed, which facilitates the integration of multi-polarization feed lines and occupies less space in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the floor.

[0286] Illustratively, the second inner core may be the second inner core 142 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0287] Illustratively, the second slotted hole may be the second slotted hole 242 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0288] Exemplarily, the second main surface may be a wide surface of the second inner core 142 .

[0289] In some embodiments, the length direction of the second slot is parallel to the length direction of the first slot.

[0290] The first slot and the second slot are arranged side by side, which is beneficial to the integration and installation of multiple feeder lines.

[0291] In some embodiments, the coupling between the first slot and the first inner core is used to transmit a first signal, and the coupling between the second slot and the second inner core is used to transmit a second signal.

[0292] In this way, the transmission line can take up less space to transmit multiple feeder signals.

[0293] An embodiment of the present application also provides an oscillator, comprising: a radiator and a balun; the radiator is used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals; the balun is electrically connected to the radiator, wherein the balun includes the transmission line involved in the aforementioned embodiment to feed the radiator.

[0294] The balun of the vibrator adopts the above-mentioned transmission line structure, which can improve the tolerance of the balun impedance and help ensure the stability of the balun impedance.

[0295] Illustratively, the radiator may be the radiator 31 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0296] Illustratively, the balun may be the balun 32 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0297] In some embodiments, the oscillator further includes: a feeder portion electrically connected to the balun, wherein the feeder portion includes the transmission line involved in the aforementioned embodiment to feed the balun.

[0298] The balun and feeder parts of the oscillator both adopt the above-mentioned transmission line structure, so the balun and feeder parts are insensitive to the position change between the inner core and the ground, and a highly robust design can be achieved.

[0299] Illustratively, the feeder portion may be the feeder portion 33 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0300] In some embodiments, the floor in the balun is connected to the floor in the feeder portion; and / or the first inner core in the balun is connected to the first inner core in the feeder portion.

[0301] In some embodiments, the radiator, the floor in the balun, and the floor in the feeder are integrally formed.

[0302] By rationally arranging the radiator, the floor in the balun, and the floor in the feeder part, it is possible to achieve integrated molding using a single processing technique, such as single-sided sheet metal bending processing, which has a simple process and low cost.

[0303] In some embodiments, the first inner core in the balun is integrally formed with the first inner core in the feeder portion.

[0304] In this way, only one part needs to be installed to form balun feeding and feeder feeding, which is simple to install and low in cost.

[0305] In some embodiments, the first inner core of the balun and the first inner core of the feeder section are part of a +45° feeder, or part of a -45° feeder. In this way, the balun and the feeder section can be used for ±45° dual-polarization feeding.

[0306] An embodiment of the present application further provides a phase shifter, which includes the transmission line involved in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0307] In some embodiments, the phase shifter further includes: an input branch connected to the first inner core, wherein the first inner core includes at least two output ports; a phase shifting medium disposed between the inner wall of the first slot and the first main body surface, the phase shifting medium being used to adjust the phase difference between the at least two output ports.

[0308] The phase shifter adopts the above transmission line structure, which can improve the tolerance of the phase shifter impedance and help ensure the stability of the phase shifter impedance.

[0309] Illustratively, the input branch may be the input branch 43 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0310] Exemplarily, the first inner core may include a first output port 441 and a second output port 442 as shown in FIG. 19 .

[0311] Illustratively, the phase-shifting medium may be the phase-shifting medium 44 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0312] In some embodiments, the first main surface includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the first slot includes a first wall facing the first surface and a second wall facing the second surface; the phase shifting medium is arranged between the first surface and the first wall and / or between the second surface and the second wall.

[0313] As the phase-shifting medium moves along the length of the first slot, the phase difference between at least two output ports on the first inner core changes, thereby achieving a phase shifting function. Furthermore, when both wide surfaces of the first inner core are loaded with the phase-shifting medium, the phase lag can be increased, thereby increasing the phase shift.

[0314] Illustratively, the first surface may be the first surface 111 in the aforementioned embodiment, and the second surface may be the second surface 112 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0315] Illustratively, the first wall may be the first wall 221 in the aforementioned embodiment, and the second wall may be the second wall 222 in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0316] An embodiment of the present application further provides a feeding network, which includes the transmission line involved in the aforementioned embodiment; or includes the phase shifter involved in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0317] An embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna, which includes the transmission line involved in the aforementioned embodiment, or includes a phase shifter using the transmission line involved in the embodiment of the present application, or includes a feeding network using the transmission line involved in the embodiment of the present application.

[0318] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, including a radio frequency module and an antenna described in the above embodiment that uses the transmission line involved in the embodiment of the present application, and the radio frequency module is used to send radio frequency signals to the antenna.

[0319] In some embodiments, a radio frequency module integrates two or more discrete components such as a radio frequency switch, a low-noise amplifier, a filter, a duplexer, and a power amplifier into a single module. This improves integration and performance while miniaturizing the module.

[0320] In some embodiments, the antenna can receive a radio frequency signal from the radio frequency module and transmit the radio frequency signal. In addition, the antenna can also send the received radio frequency signal to the radio frequency module. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the frequency of the radio frequency signal.

[0321] In some embodiments, the communication device may further include an energy device for providing energy to the radio frequency module and the antenna.

[0322] In some embodiments, the communication device may be integrated into the base station 101 as shown in FIG. 1 .

[0323] In an embodiment of the present application, a communication system is also provided. The communication system may include a terminal device and a base station. The base station may include the antenna described in the above embodiment.

[0324] It can be understood that the floor and the inner core involved in the embodiments of the present application are not in contact with each other.

[0325] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integrated connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application in specific contexts.

[0326] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A transmission line, characterized in that: include: A first inner core includes a first main body surface, wherein the first main body surface is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first inner core; The floor comprises a first slot hole penetrating through the thickness of the floor, wherein the inner wall of the first slot hole is coupled with the first main body surface to form a capacitor.

2. The transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that At least part of the projection of the first inner core along the first direction is located within the range of the projection of the first slot along the first direction, and at least part of the thickness direction of the first inner core intersects with the thickness direction of the floor, wherein the first direction is the thickness direction of the floor.

3. The transmission line according to claim 2, characterized in that A thickness direction of at least a portion of the first inner core is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the floor panel.

4. The transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first main surface is parallel to the thickness direction of the floor.

5. The transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first main body surface includes a first surface and a second surface that are arranged opposite to each other; The first slot includes a first wall facing the first surface and a second wall facing the second surface, wherein the first wall is parallel to the first surface, and the second wall is parallel to the second surface.

6. The transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first inner core is disposed in the first slot.

7. The transmission line according to claim 6, characterized in that The projection of the first main surface along a second direction is divided into two parts arranged along a thickness direction of the floor by the projection of the floor along the second direction, and the second direction is a width direction of the floor.

8. The transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first slot hole includes a first slot segment and a second slot segment spaced apart in a third direction, and the third direction is the length direction of the floor; The first inner core includes a first part, a second part and a third part connecting the first part and the second part, the first part is arranged in the first groove section, the second part is arranged in the second groove section, and the third part is located outside the first groove hole and does not contact the part of the floor used to separate the first groove section and the second groove section.

9. The transmission line according to claim 8, characterized in that A thickness direction of the third portion is the same as a thickness direction of the first portion and / or the second portion.

10. The transmission line according to claim 8, characterized in that The thickness direction of the third portion is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first portion and / or the second portion; and / or A thickness direction of the third portion is parallel to a thickness direction of the floor panel.

11. The transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The transmission line further includes a second inner core, the second inner core includes a second main body surface, and the second main body surface is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the second inner core; The floor further comprises a second slot hole penetrating through the thickness of the floor, the second slot hole and the first slot hole are arranged spaced apart along the width direction of the floor, wherein the inner wall of the second slot hole is coupled with the second main body surface to form a capacitor.

12. The transmission line according to claim 11, characterized in that The length direction of the second slot is parallel to the length direction of the first slot.

13. The transmission line according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: The coupling between the first slot and the first inner core is used to transmit a first signal, and the coupling between the second slot and the second inner core is used to transmit a second signal.

14. A vibrator, characterized in that: include: Radiator, used to send and receive radio frequency signals; A balun is electrically connected to the radiator, wherein the balun comprises a transmission line as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 to feed the radiator.

15. The vibrator according to claim 14, characterized in that: The vibrator also includes: A feeder section is electrically connected to the balun, wherein the feeder section comprises a transmission line as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, for feeding the balun.

16. The vibrator according to claim 15, characterized in that: The floor in the balun is connected to the floor in the feeder; and / or The first inner core of the balun is connected to the first inner core of the feed line portion.

17. The vibrator according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that: The radiator, the floor in the balun and the floor in the feeder are integrally formed; and / or The first inner core in the balun is integrally formed with the first inner core in the feeder portion.

18. The vibrator according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that: The first inner core in the balun and the first inner core in the feeder portion are part of a +45° feeder, or are part of a -45° feeder.

19. A phase shifter, characterized in that: Comprising the transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

20. The phase shifter according to claim 19, characterized in that The phase shifter also includes: An input branch connected to the first inner core, wherein the first inner core includes at least two output ports; A phase shifting medium is disposed between the inner wall of the first slot and the first main body surface, and the phase shifting medium is used to adjust the phase difference between the at least two output ports.

21. The phase shifter according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that: The first main body surface includes a first surface and a second surface that are arranged opposite to each other; The first slot includes a first wall facing the first surface and a second wall facing the second surface; The phase shifting medium is disposed between the first surface and the first wall and / or between the second surface and the second wall.

22. A feeding network, characterized in that: A transmission line comprising any one of claims 1 to 13; or a phase shifter comprising any one of claims 19 to 21.

23. An antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises the transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 13; or comprises the vibrator according to any one of claims 14 to 18; or comprises the phase shifter according to any one of claims 19 to 21; or comprises the feeding network according to claim 22.

24. A communication device, characterized in that: include: RF module; The antenna as claimed in claim 23, wherein the RF module is used to send a RF signal to the antenna.

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