Current interrupter, in particular stray current interrupter, method for transporting and electrically insulating fluid, and electrolysis system

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric current interrupter (C, C'), in particular a stray current interrupter, comprising an inlet (1) with a geometrical central axis (M1), in particular an electrolyte inlet, a fluid outlet (2) with a geometrical central axis (M2), in particular an electrolyte outlet, and an impeller (3, 100, 200, 300) which is surrounded by a housing (4) and which has a rotational axis (D). The impeller (3, 100, 200, 300) forms at least one non-conductive transport volume (VT) which is designed to transport fluid (F) from the inlet (1) to the outlet (2, 2'), and the fluid (F) in the transport volume (VT) is electrically insulated from the fluid (F) at the inlet (1) and at the outlet (2), wherein the central axis (M1) of the inlet (1) does not intersect the rotational axis (D) of the impeller (3). The invention additionally relates to a current interrupter (C, C') in which the impeller (100) is designed as a closed impeller (100) or in which the impeller (3, 100, 200, 300) comprises a plurality of blades (32), rotatable rollers (2001) being attached to the end face of the blades (32). The current interrupter comprises a gas / liquid separating device. The invention also relates to an electrolysis system comprising a plurality of electrolyzers (E1, E2, E3...) comprising at least one current interrupter according to the invention and to a method for transporting fluid (F) from the inlet (1) to the outlet (2) of a current interrupter according to the invention.

Description

[0001] Circuit breakers, in particular stray current breakers, methods for transporting and electrically isolating fluids, and electrolysis plant

[0002] The present invention relates to an electrical circuit breaker, in particular a stray current breaker, according to the preamble of claims 1, 13, 14 and 18, an electrolysis plant according to claim 21, and a method for transporting fluid, in particular electrolyte, from the inlet to the outlet of a circuit breaker, as well as for electrically insulating fluid at the inlet from fluid at the outlet of a circuit breaker according to claim 22.

[0003] A conventional electrolyzer requires a liquid electrolyte to operate. To ensure smooth operation, the electrolyte is supplied continuously and without interruption by pumping it into the electrolyzer through channels or tubes.

[0004] An electrolyzer can also consist of several individual electrolysis cells. For simplicity, a single electrolysis cell is also referred to as an electrolyzer. Typically, several electrolyzers are combined in an electrolysis plant.

[0005] Because the individual electrolyzers are connected in series in the current path and offer a certain resistance to the total current that supplies the electrodes for the chemical reaction, they are operated at different potentials from an electrical perspective. This also applies to the non-operational state, in which the cell develops the so-called battery voltage, which is generated by the media within it.

[0006] The electrolyte itself acts as an electrical resistor, but also has a certain degree of conductivity. Thus, the electrolyte creates an electrical connection between the electrolysis cells, particularly on the inlet side, where the liquid does not yet contain the generated gases. A current can flow along this path between the metallic cell parts. In an operating electrolysis plant, this current is called stray current and represents a loss of efficiency in the entire electrolysis process. In an electrolysis plant at a standstill, the resulting currents are called reverse currents and can damage the coating of the cell electrodes.

[0007] To limit stray currents, the electrolyzers in electrolysis plants are fed via long, small-diameter pipes. The electrolyte in these supply lines offers high electrical resistance, thus significantly reducing stray currents. A disadvantage in this context, however, is the high fluid resistance in these pipes, which in turn requires a certain amount of drive power for the pumps.

[0008] To avoid reverse currents as much as possible, it is also known that the electrolysis cells are emptied for certain shutdown scenarios. This eliminates the electrical connection via the electrolyte. However, the disadvantage is that the electrolysis cells must be refilled before they can be restarted. This takes time, although it is in line with the customer's desire for the electrolysis cells or electrolysis system to be back up and running quickly.

[0009] From WO 2022 / 269602 A1, an electrical circuit breaker, referred to here as a bipolar connector (BPC), has become known in connection with an electrolysis plant.

[0010] A bipolar connector is described here in the form of a movable gap (a physical interruption) and / or a high-resistance electrolyte connection introduced into the electrolyte path. A movable gap in the electrolyte can be achieved by an insulating solid, liquid, or gas. An approach is described (see Fig. 6 of WO 2022 / 269602 A1) in which the bipolar connector is designed as a fixed, rotating barrier. In this approach, the rotating barrier separates the flow between the "inlet" and the "outlet," so that the lower part of the barrier (a first cell / stack) is always ionically and physically separated from the upper part of the barrier (another cell / stack). Although a viable electrolysis system or current interrupter is already proposed here, there is still room for improvement.For example, it is not certain which direction of rotation the rotating barrier will assume when exposed to flow, so that pressure surges are to be expected at least during the first flow.

[0011] This is where the present invention comes in and sets itself the task of proposing an improved circuit breaker for an electrolysis plant, in particular a circuit breaker is to be proposed in which pressure surges are not to be expected during start-up.

[0012] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a circuit breaker having the features of claim 1. Because the central axis of the inlet does not intersect the axis of rotation of the impeller, it can be ensured that the impeller receives a predetermined angular momentum when flowing through the electrolyte. It can accordingly be ensured that the impeller rotates in only one predetermined direction of rotation when flowing in, so that pressure surges attributable to a standstill of the impeller can be largely ruled out. In other words, it can be provided that the impeller is arranged eccentrically to the center of the inlet and in particular the outlet, or that the fluid flow in the housing is aligned to achieve a low pressure drop. This measure can advantageously influence optimized flow behavior of the fluid through the circuit breaker.

[0013] Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention emerge in particular from the features of the subclaims. The subject matter and features of the various claims can, in principle, be combined with one another in any desired way.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the central axis of the outlet does not intersect the axis of rotation of the impeller, in particular is aligned with the inlet.

[0015] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the inlet and the outlet are arranged on different or on the same sides with respect to the axis of rotation, and / or the outlet is arranged at a different height with respect to the axis of rotation.

[0016] In principle, all combinations are conceivable. In particular, a design in which the inlet and outlet are arranged on the same side and at different heights relative to the rotation axis tends to generate larger transport volumes and also a height difference that the fluid must travel on the way from the inlet to the outlet. Accordingly, greater electrical insulation, in particular electrical stray current resistance, of the circuit breaker can be achieved. However, other combinations are also conceivable, such as the inlet and outlet being arranged on different sides and the outlet being arranged at the same height as the rotation axis, so that the lowest possible fluidic resistance is achieved. Through intermediate solutions and coordination, the two effects can be balanced to the desired extent.

[0017] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inlet can be arranged above the outlet in the direction of gravity. This arrangement essentially allows gravity effects to be utilized for fluid transport through the circuit breaker.

[0018] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the flow breaker can be provided with an additional outlet, wherein, in a conventional arrangement of the flow breaker, the additional outlet is arranged above the impeller. Such an arrangement allows, for example, the gas-liquid mixture flowing in, particularly after the outlet of the electrolyzer or the individual electrolysis cell, to be discharged essentially in the form of a gas stream and a liquid stream. The remaining fluid stream in the form of liquid can be discharged via the regular outlet, which, in a conventional design, is advantageously designed as a lower outlet.

[0019] In this case, both gravity and centrifugal force, generated by the rotating impeller driven by the fluid's momentum, act on the gas-liquid mixture, facilitating the separation of gas and liquid. The separation of gas and liquid is beneficial for subsequent fluid transport, as it improves the smooth flow of the fluids in the pipes. It also facilitates gravity degassing, for example, in a large-diameter tank or manifold.

[0020] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the outlet can be equipped with a siphon. A siphon can, for example, prevent or at least counteract gas escaping through the outlet, which is actually intended for liquid.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the impeller can comprise a shaft and a plurality of blades, the blades extending radially from the shaft, at least two blades together with the adjacent housing wall forming the transport volume for fluid, which is electrically insulated from the fluid at the inlet and / or outlet. The design of the impeller in the manner of a paddle wheel is suitable for the intended use; in particular, the transport volume or several transport volumes can be formed by adjacent blades. It is also to be expected that the continuous flow of the fluid, in particular the electrolyte to the electrolysis cell, is not impeded or is only very slightly impeded.

[0022] In this context, it can preferably be provided that the impeller, or at least the blades, are made of a non-conductive material, for example plastic or ceramic. The impeller or the blades can then ensure on the impeller side that the transport volume is electrically insulated from the adjacent fluid. In addition, the shape of the impeller can be produced cost-effectively using suitable manufacturing processes. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the housing, or at least the part of the housing that comes into contact with the blades, is made of a non-conductive material, preferably plastic or ceramic. Through this measure, the housing contributes to electrical insulation. In addition, the shape of the housing can be produced cost-effectively using suitable manufacturing processes.

[0023] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the housing can be designed in a circular-cylindrical shape and encloses the impeller. The circular-cylindrical shape allows the impeller, which is also usually circular, to be completely enclosed. The inner surface of the housing provides a sealing contact surface for the impeller, in particular the impeller blades, to form a transport volume.

[0024] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the circuit breaker is equipped with a flow measuring device, in particular that the impeller is coupled to a tachometer. In particular, in a typical application of the electrical circuit breaker in an electrolyzer system comprising several electrolyzers, each of which has electrolyte supplied through a supply line and discharged through a drain line, the flow, in particular the flow velocity, flow rate, etc., can serve as an important indicator of the condition of the respective electrolyzer. Here, an intermediate circuit breaker according to the invention can not only advantageously separate the current, but can also be used to determine the flow rate and / or speed, for example by coupling the impeller to a speed sensor.This also allows for the detection of a lack of flow. This is a safety criterion (so-called "no-flow detection"), as the lack of electrolyte flow to the electrolyzer system can create hazardous conditions for the electrolysis process, such as excessively high temperatures or dangerous gas mixtures.

[0025] The present invention further relates to an electrolysis system comprising a plurality of electrolyzers which can be supplied with an electrolyte (fluid) by means of a supply line and in which electrolyte can flow out through a drain line.

[0026] It is proposed that an electrical circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims be arranged between at least one electrolyzer or a group of electrolyzers and the supply line and / or that an electrical circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims be arranged between at least one electrolyzer or a group of electrolyzers and the drain line. By means of the electrical circuit breaker, each electrolyzer of the electrolysis system can thus be electrically decoupled from the supply line or drain line, but can still be supplied with electrolyte or electrolyte can be drained off. It is clear that with this configuration, each electrolyzer is electrically decoupled from both the supply line and the drain line. In particular, stray currents can therefore be effectively contained or prevented.It is proposed to design the circuit breaker according to the invention, whereby the advantages of the circuit breaker outlined above can be utilized for the electrolysis system. In particular, pressure surges in the system can be prevented or at least reduced.

[0027] Furthermore, by means of the electrical circuit breakers according to the invention, the flow or flow rate of the electrolyte from the supply line to the electrolyzer and / or from the electrolyzer to the drain line through the electrical circuit breaker can also be measured.

[0028] It can preferably be provided that each electrolyzer is equipped with two electrical circuit breakers according to the invention (inlet and outlet). However, it can also be provided that groups of electrolyzers are combined, which are connected to the supply line and / or drain line by means of an electrical circuit breaker according to the invention.

[0029] The present invention further relates to a method for transporting fluid from the inlet to the outlet, as well as for electrically isolating fluid at the inlet from fluid at the outlet using a circuit breaker according to the invention.

[0030] According to the invention, the following process steps are proposed:

[0031] - Fluid flows into the inlet and causes the impeller to rotate,

[0032] - the fluid is taken up into a transport volume provided by the impeller, wherein the fluid taken up in the transport volume is electrically separated from the fluid at the inlet and / or outlet, wherein

[0033] - the transport volume with the fluid is transported to the outlet by rotation of the impeller.

[0034] It is evident that the circuit breaker according to the invention can be used to transport the fluid and also electrically isolate the fluid at the inlet from the fluid at the outlet. It can also be provided that no fluid flows. In this case, electrical insulation between the fluid at the inlet and the fluid at the outlet is also ensured by the at least one transport volume arranged therebetween. Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention emerge in particular from the features of the subclaims. The subject matter or features of the various claims can, in principle, be combined with one another as desired.

[0035] For example, it can advantageously be provided that the fluid is introduced into the inlet of the circuit breaker as a liquid fluid or as a gas-liquid mixture. By appropriately designing the circuit breaker, for example, a separation of gas and liquid can be achieved within the circuit breaker.

[0036] A further object of the present invention is to propose an improved circuit breaker for an electrolysis plant, in particular a circuit breaker is to be proposed in which an improved tightness between the impeller and the housing can be ensured.

[0037] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a circuit breaker with the characterizing features of claim 13. The above-mentioned object can be achieved by using a closed impeller. To avoid sealing gaps between the impeller and the casing, an impeller modeled on a centrifugal pump could be used. This "closed impeller" already has a cover on both sides of the blades, eliminating the gap.

[0038] A further object of the present invention is to propose an improved circuit breaker for an electrolysis plant, in particular a circuit breaker is to be proposed in which an improved tightness between the impeller and the housing can be ensured.

[0039] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a circuit breaker having the characterizing features of claim 14. By attaching rollers, particularly hard plastic rollers, to the outer edges of the blades, improved sealing of the impeller or the outer edges of the blades with respect to the housing can be achieved. Furthermore, the mounting of the impeller in the housing can be improved.

[0040] The rollers can serve as bearings for the impeller, resulting in a similar principle to a needle bearing. This eliminates the need for a central bearing shaft for the impeller, which would require a friction seal between the rotating shaft and the stationary housing, e.g., a radial shaft seal. Furthermore, friction in this area, which would lead to potential leakage to the outside and wear, can be avoided. Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention emerge in particular from the features of the subclaims. The subject matter or features of the various claims can, in principle, be combined with one another as desired.

[0041] At least one of the plastic rollers could enclose a metal core, which is detected by a magnetic sensor on the housing and indicates the incremental rotation of the paddle wheel, which in turn can determine the mass flow flowing through the circuit breaker.

[0042] A further object of the present invention is to propose an improved circuit breaker for an electrolysis plant, in particular a circuit breaker is to be proposed with which a separation of the gases formed from the electrolyte can be carried out, in particular a rapid separation of the resulting H2 and O2 from the electrolyte can be achieved.

[0043] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a circuit breaker having the characterizing features of claim 18. The fact that the circuit breaker is equipped with a device for gas / liquid separation allows the above-outlined object to be achieved. In particular, the resulting gases can be separated from the electrolyte, and in particular, the resulting H2 and O2 can be rapidly separated from the electrolyte. This is particularly advantageous for dynamic operation. For example, a large degassing tank with a long residence time for potassium hydroxide (KOH) is not required.

[0044] Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention emerge in particular from the features of the subclaims. The subject matter and features of the various claims can, in principle, be combined with one another in any desired way.

[0045] The gas / liquid separation device can, for example, be designed as the impeller itself. Due to the generally different densities of the media, they are separated by the centrifugal force of the rotating impeller.

[0046] It may further be provided that the impeller is equipped with a drive device. This allows for improved separation, since the rotational speed of the impeller can be increased and is not exclusively dependent on the fluid velocity flowing through the circuit breaker. Further features and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a current breaker according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, in a schematic representation;

[0048] Fig. 1a shows a detailed representation of a current breaker according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, in a schematic representation;

[0049] Fig. 2a-d an embodiment of a current breaker according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, in different views;

[0050] Fig. 3a-c show an embodiment of a current breaker according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, in different views;

[0051] Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an electrolysis plant according to the invention with at least one current breaker according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, in a schematic representation;

[0052] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of an electrolysis plant according to the invention with at least one current interrupter according to the invention, in particular a stray current interrupter, in a schematic representation;

[0053] Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of an electrolysis plant according to the invention with at least one current breaker according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, in a schematic representation;

[0054] Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of an electrolysis plant according to the invention with at least one current interrupter according to the invention, in particular a stray current interrupter, in a schematic representation;

[0055] Fig. 8 shows a closed impeller for a circuit breaker according to the invention;

[0056] Fig. 9 shows an impeller equipped with rotatable rollers for a circuit breaker according to the invention;

[0057] Fig. 10 shows an exploded view of a circuit breaker with a gas / liquid separation device. The following reference numerals are used in the figures:

[0058] C electrical circuit breaker

[0059] D axis of rotation

[0060] E (1, 2,3, ...) Electrolyzer

[0061] F Fluid

[0062] H supply line

[0063] S drain line

[0064] V T Transport volume

[0065] G gaseous fluid

[0066] L liquid fluid hl first height h2 second height

[0067] Ml center axis (of inlet 1)

[0068] M2 center axis (of outlet 2)

[0069] 11 Electrolyzer inlet

[0070] 12 Electrolyzer inlet

[0071] Al output of the electrolyzer

[0072] A2 Output of the electrolyzer

[0073] 1 entrance

[0074] 2 (first) outlet

[0075] 3 impellers

[0076] 4 housings

[0077] 5 Siphon 2' (second) outlet (gas outlet)

[0078] 31 Wave

[0079] 32 shovels

[0080] 100 closed impeller

[0081] 200 impellers with rollers

[0082] 300 impellers as a device for gas / liquid separation

[0083] 301 stepped jacket

[0084] 302 relief well

[0085] 303 Compaction section

[0086] 1001 discs

[0087] 1001 ' disc

[0088] 2001 Role

[0089] Features and details described in connection with a method naturally also apply in connection with the device according to the invention, and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, reference is always made to each other. Furthermore, a method according to the invention that may be described can be carried out with the device according to the invention.

[0090] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a" and "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of the recited features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

[0091] First, reference is made in particular to Fig. 1 and la.

[0092] In Fig. 1 and Fig. 1a, an embodiment of an electrical current breaker C according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, is shown in a schematic representation.

[0093] A circuit breaker C essentially comprises an inlet 1, in particular electrolyte inlet, a fluid outlet 2, in particular electrolyte outlet, and an impeller 3.

[0094] The impeller 3 is mounted in a housing 4 so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation D.

[0095] A fluid, in particular an electrically conductive electrolyte, can flow into an inlet 1 and flow out of the circuit breaker through an outlet 2.

[0096] The impeller 3 comprises a shaft 31 and a plurality of blades 32. The impeller 3, in particular the shaft 31, can rotate about its axis of rotation D. The blades 32 extend in the radial direction from the axis of rotation D. The impeller 3, or at least the blades 32, are made of a non-conductive material, for example plastic or ceramic.

[0097] The housing 4 is essentially circular-cylindrical in shape and encloses the impeller 3. In particular, at least two blades 32 are designed to contact the housing wall 4 during rotation. The impeller 3, in particular its blades 32, is sealed from the housing 4 or at least has only a very narrow gap. In this case, technical leaks must be accepted.

[0098] The housing 4, or at least the part of the housing that comes into contact with the blades 32, is made of a non-conductive material, preferably plastic.

[0099] Furthermore, a central axis M1 of the inlet 1 and a central axis M2 of the outlet 2 are shown. It can be seen that the central axis M1 of the inlet 1 does not intersect the rotational axis D of the impeller 3. In particular, it can be seen that the central axis M2 of the outlet 2 does not intersect the rotational axis D of the impeller 3, but is in particular aligned with the inlet 1.

[0100] Further details of the circuit breaker according to the invention will become apparent from the description of its operation.

[0101] Fluid is intended to flow into the inlet 1. The momentum of the flow causes the impeller 3 to rotate. A portion of the inflowing fluid is enclosed between two adjacent blades 32' and 32" and the adjacent housing wall 4' and transported towards the outlet by rotation of the impeller. This results in a transport volume V T , which is formed by two adjacent blades 32', 32" and the adjacent housing wall 4'. Depending on the design of the housing 4 and impeller 3, in particular its blades 32, two or more transport volumes V T ' be formed next to each other. The fluid is thus transported in a quasi-continuous process from inlet 1 to outlet 2. At outlet 2, the fluid of the transport volume V T the housing 4 without major hydraulic disturbance.

[0102] It can be seen that the enclosed transport volume V T is neither in contact with the fluid F in the inlet 1 nor with the fluid F at the outlet 2. Rather, the enclosed fluid in the transport volume V T Electrically insulated from both the fluid F at inlet 1 and the fluid F at outlet 2, so that although fluid transport from inlet 1 to outlet 2 occurs, the fluid F at inlet 1 is electrically insulated from the fluid F at outlet 2. As a result, an electrical current flow between inlet 1 and outlet 2 is not possible or at least severely restricted. Technically induced leaks must be accepted here.

[0103] It is evident that the electrical separation of fluid F at inlet 1 and fluid F at outlet 2 applies both to a flow of fluid between inlet 1 and outlet 2, and to a static fluid, i.e., no flow through the circuit breaker. In the latter case, impeller 3 is stationary, but at least an electrically insulating transport volume V exists between fluid F at inlet 1 and fluid F at outlet 2. T arranged so that, in the end, even when the impeller 3 is stationary, electrical insulation occurs between the fluid F at the inlet 1 and the fluid F at the outlet 2. The arrows F indicate the path of the fluid, in particular the electrolyte.

[0104] As already indicated above, the central axis M1 of the inlet 1 does not intersect the rotational axis D of the impeller 3. In other words, if the impeller 3 is subjected to flow beyond its rotational axis D, the impeller 3 is immediately set in a predetermined direction of rotation and, accordingly, does not block the flow path by remaining stationary. It is also particularly evident that the central axis M2 of the outlet 2 does not intersect the rotational axis D of the impeller 3.

[0105] It can be provided that the circuit breaker is equipped with a flow measuring device, in particular that the impeller 3 or its shaft 31 is connected to a speed sensor (not shown). In particular, in a typical application of the electrical circuit breaker in an electrolysis system comprising several electrolyzers, in each of which electrolyte is supplied via a supply line and discharged via a drain line, electrical circuit breakers according to the invention are preferably interposed. Among other factors, the flow rate, for example, is an important indicator of the condition of the respective electrolyzer. Here, an interposed circuit breaker according to the invention can not only advantageously separate the current, but can also be used to determine the flow rate and / or speed, for example by coupling the impeller 3 to a speed sensor.This can also be used to detect a lack of flow. This is a safety criterion, known as "no-flow detection."

[0106] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 2a-2d.

[0107] In Figs. 2a-2d, a further embodiment of a current breaker according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, is shown in different views.

[0108] Essentially, reference can be made to the explanations regarding the circuit breaker according to Fig. 1 and la.

[0109] In the embodiment outlined here, however, it is provided that the inlet 1 and the outlet 2 are arranged on one side of the axis of rotation D and offset in the direction of the axis of rotation D, while the inlet 1 and outlet 2 are arranged on opposite sides of the axis of rotation D in accordance with the embodiment according to Fig. 1 and 1a. The arrangement of the inlet and the outlet on one side of the axis of rotation can also be referred to as a "180° arrangement" of inlet 1 and outlet 2. The path of the fluid, in particular of the electrolyte, is indicated by the arrows F.

[0110] Further embodiments are conceivable, such as by combining the features that the inlet 1 or outlet 2 - are arranged on different or on the same sides with respect to the axis of rotation, and / or

[0111] - are arranged at different heights (hl, h2) with respect to the axis of rotation.

[0112] The embodiment according to Fig. 2a-2d is further characterized in particular by the following features and advantages:

[0113] The impeller 3 rotates in the housing 4. Preferably, the impeller 3 and the housing 4 are made of insulating material. Across numerous transport volumes V T Electrical stray currents between fluid at inlet 1 and fluid at outlet 2 are eliminated, or at least reduced.

[0114] The 180° arrangement of inlet and outlet is advantageous for more transport volumes V T (more chambers) in the area of ​​the impeller 3 and thus higher stray current resistance of the entire circuit breaker.

[0115] The rotation of the impeller 3 can be detected, for example via contactless Hall effect sensors, either on the shaft 31 or on the blades 32 of the impeller 3.

[0116] The rotational speed can also be detected by these sensors and thus provides direct feedback on the size of the media flow. For example, the rotational speed can be determined by counting the sensor signals per time.

[0117] In particular, this type of circuit breaker, especially stray current breaker, also works with a 2-phase fluid flow of liquid and gas.

[0118] In this embodiment, it is also evident that the central axis M1 of the inlet 1 does not intersect the rotational axis D of the impeller 3. It is also particularly evident that the central axis M2 of the outlet 2 does not intersect the rotational axis D of the impeller 3.

[0119] In the following, particular reference is made to Figs. 3a to 3c.

[0120] In Figs. 3a-3c, a further embodiment of a current breaker C' according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, is shown in different views.

[0121] Essentially, reference can be made to the explanations regarding the circuit breaker C according to Fig. 1 and 1a. In the embodiment outlined here, in particular, a further outlet 2' is provided.

[0122] The embodiment according to Figs. 3a-3c is characterized in particular by the following features and advantages: In particular, a vertically oriented impeller 3 is provided, which is rotated by the momentum of the fluid flowing into the inlet 1, in particular the gas-liquid mixture (anolyte / catholyte) coming from the electrolyzer. Vertical orientation here means that the rotation axis D of the impeller 3 should be vertically oriented in a typical installation position.

[0123] In particular, an electrically non-conductive impeller and housing material is provided, ensuring current interruption, especially stray current interruption. In particular, splashes, combined with the centrifugal forces in the rotating impeller 3 and gravity, cause the decomposition of liquid and gas.

[0124] Gas can exit through the additional outlet 2', in particular the upper opening. The outlet 2' is preferably configured as an upper opening in a conventional installation position.

[0125] The first outlet 2 is preferably configured as a lower outlet 2 in a typical installation position. It is preferably provided that liquid exits via the lower outlet 2, e.g., with a siphon function 5, to prevent gas from entering the liquid line.

[0126] The separation of gas and liquid has great benefits.

[0127] In conventional gas-liquid separation by degassing in tanks, the gas flow from above can cause waves. Large lines are required all the way to the tank. This solution, i.e. the proposed embodiment with an additional 2' outlet for gas, can be placed downstream of an electrolyzer frame, for example. Only small lines are required all the way to the tanks.

[0128] In this embodiment, it can also be seen that the central axis Ml of the inlet 1 does not intersect the rotational axis D of the impeller 3.

[0129] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 4.

[0130] In Fig. 4, an embodiment of an electrolysis plant according to the invention with at least one electrical current breaker C according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, is shown in a schematic representation.

[0131] An electrolysis system generally comprises a plurality of electrolyzers E1, E2, E3..., which are supplied with an electrolyte (fluid) via a supply line H or from which electrolyte flows out through a drain line S. It can be seen that an electrical circuit breaker C according to the invention is interposed between the supply line H and the electrolyzer E1, E2, E3... or between the drain line S and the electrolyzer E1, E2, E3... . In effect, each electrolysis cell of the electrolysis system can be electrically decoupled from the supply line H or drain line S, but can still be supplied with electrolyte or electrolyte can be drained off.

[0132] It is evident that with this design, each electrolytic cell E1, E2, E3, . . . is electrically decoupled from both the supply line H and the discharge line S. Stray currents can thus be effectively contained or prevented.

[0133] It is further apparent that a first embodiment of the circuit breaker C is provided here, comprising only one outlet 2.

[0134] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 5.

[0135] In Fig. 5, an embodiment of an electrolysis plant according to the invention with at least one current breaker C according to the invention, in particular a stray current breaker, is shown in a schematic representation.

[0136] With regard to the electrolysis plant, reference can essentially be made to the explanations in Fig. 4.

[0137] In the embodiment according to Fig. 5, it is provided that circuit breakers C in an embodiment with one outlet 2, as well as circuit breakers C in an embodiment with two outlets 2, 2' are used. In particular, it is provided that one circuit breaker C with one outlet 2 is provided between the supply line H and the electrolysis cells E1, E2, E3, ..., and one circuit breaker C with two outlets 2, 2' is provided between the drain line and the electrolysis cell E1, E2, E3, ....

[0138] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 6.

[0139] Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an electrolysis system according to the invention with at least one current interrupter C according to the invention, in particular a stray current interrupter. This sketch shows an electrolyzer with an internal distributor.

[0140] It is a different setup than the one outlined in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 describes the connection of the individual elements. Each individual element is a closed and sealed unit. The entire assembly of the individual elements forms the electrolyzer. Internal distributors are not normally used in this type of setup.

[0141] Figure 6 shows a bipolar electrolyzer. In this design, each bipolar element does not form a closed cell (it is open with electrodes on both sides). Here, the electrolyzer is completely closed when all bipolar elements and end pieces are joined together. The use of internal manifolds is much more common in this type of electrolyzer.

[0142] The circuit breakers are of no use between the bipolar elements of the electrolyzer. However, because they are positioned at an inlet and outlet end, they decouple the electrolyzer from neighboring electrolyzers in the system.

[0143] With regard to the electrolysis plant, reference can essentially be made to the explanations in Fig. 4.

[0144] This is an electrolysis plant with internal distributors.

[0145] It can be seen that an electrolysis cell El is equipped with two inlets II, I2 and two outlets Al, A2. The inlets II, I2 are each equipped with circuit breakers C with one inlet 1 and one outlet 2. The outlets Al, A2 are each equipped with circuit breakers C with one inlet 1 and one outlet 2.

[0146] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 7.

[0147] In Fig. 7, an embodiment of an electrolysis plant according to the invention with at least one current interrupter C according to the invention, in particular a stray current interrupter, is shown in a schematic representation.

[0148] With regard to the electrolysis plant, reference can essentially be made to the explanations in Fig. 4.

[0149] This is an electrolysis plant with internal distributors.

[0150] It can be seen that an electrolyzer El is equipped with two inlets II, I2 and two outlets Al, A2. The inlets II, I2 are each equipped with circuit breakers C with one inlet 1 and one outlet 2. The outlets Al, A2 are each equipped with circuit breakers C with one inlet 1 and two outlets 2, 2'.

[0151] Furthermore, in the case of circuit breakers with one inlet 1 and two outlets 2, 2', the state of aggregation of the fluid that is transported from the respective inlet 1 or outlets 2, 2' in the respective pipes is indicated by the arrows with the reference symbols G and L.

[0152] For all embodiments of the electrolysis systems, it can be provided that the circuit breaker(s) C or C' is / are equipped with a flow measuring device, in particular a speed measuring device (not shown) for the impeller 3. This allows a flow measurement or flow rate measurement to be realized by the circuit breaker. In this way, inlet monitoring for each individual electrolyzer E1, E2, E3, ... can be realized. Inlet monitoring for an individual electrolyzer E1, E2, E3, ... would improve the safety concept, since a no-flow situation causes overheating of the electrolyzer E1, E2, E3, ..., which can lead to dangerous incidents.

[0153] For all embodiments of the electrolysis systems, it can be provided that groups of electrolyzers E are combined, which are connected to the supply line H and / or discharge line S by means of the inventive electrical circuit breaker C or C'. Or in other words, a grouping of several electrolyzers E can be carried out, which are combined at only one circuit breaker C or C'.

[0154] Furthermore, for all embodiments of the electrolysis systems, it can be provided that the flow or the flow rate of the fluid, in particular of the electrolyte, through the circuit breaker C or C' according to the invention, i.e. in particular from the supply line H to the electrolyzer E and / or from the electrolyzer E to the discharge line S through the electrical circuit breaker C or C', can also be measured.

[0155] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 8.

[0156] Fig. 8 shows a closed impeller 100 for a circuit breaker according to the invention. A closed impeller is characterized in particular by the fact that the blades 32 are flanked on both sides by a disc 1001 or 1001'. The embodiment of the impeller 100 proposed here is accommodated in the housing 4, instead of the "open" impeller outlined above. This ensures improved sealing between the impeller 100 and the housing 4. Regarding the function and further details of the circuit breaker, reference can be made to the above explanations.

[0157] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 9.

[0158] Fig. 9 shows an impeller 200 equipped with rotatable rollers 2001 for a circuit breaker according to the invention.

[0159] An impeller 200 equipped with rotatable rollers 2001 is characterized in particular by the fact that rotatable rollers 2001 are mounted on the ends of the blades 32. The rollers 2001 can roll accordingly on the opposite housing wall, which results in particular in improved sealing between the impeller 200 and the housing 4 and / or in improved mounting of the impeller 200 in the housing 4. The axis of rotation of the rollers 2001 is accordingly aligned parallel to the axis of rotation D of the impeller 200. In principle, it can also be provided that the rollers 2001 take over the mounting of the impeller 200 and a central shaft can be omitted, which would result in further sealing advantages, since, for example, leaks in the central shaft, for example due to leaky shaft seals, would simply be eliminated.

[0160] It is preferably provided that the rollers 2001 are electrically insulating rollers, preferably plastic rollers, in particular hard plastic rollers.

[0161] At least one of the rollers 2001 could enclose a metal core which is detected by a magnetic sensor (not shown) on the housing 4 and indicates the incremental rotation of the impeller 200, which in turn can determine the mass flow flowing across the circuit breaker.

[0162] Regarding the function and further details of the circuit breaker, reference can be made to the explanations given above.

[0163] In the following, particular reference is made to Fig. 10.

[0164] Fig. 10 shows a perspective exploded view of a circuit breaker with a gas / liquid separation device.

[0165] It can also be seen here that the circuit breaker shown here also comprises a housing 4, in particular a side channel housing, an inlet 1, a (first) fluid outlet 2, a second outlet 2', in particular a gas outlet opening. Furthermore, the circuit breaker shown here comprises an impeller 300, and in particular a stage casing 301, relief bores 302, and a compression section 303. The circuit breaker shown here further comprises a device for gas / liquid separation. The housing 4 can also comprise the stage casing 301.

[0166] Because the circuit breaker is equipped with a gas / liquid separation device, the resulting gases can be separated from the electrolyte, particularly the rapid separation of H2 (hydrogen) and O2 (oxygen) from the electrolyte. This is particularly advantageous for dynamic operation. For example, a large degassing tank with a long electrolyte residence time is not required.

[0167] The device for gas / liquid separation can, for example, be configured by the impeller 300 itself. Due to the generally different densities of the media, these are separated by the centrifugal force of the rotating impeller 300. Furthermore, the impeller 300 can be equipped with a drive device (not shown). This can achieve improved separation, since the rotational speed of the impeller 300 can be increased and is not exclusively dependent on the fluid velocity at which the flow through the circuit breaker is carried out.

[0168] Regarding the function and further details of the circuit breaker, reference can be made to the explanations given above.

[0169] In principle, the various designs and their details can be combined with each other in any way. This particularly applies to the designs of the Impeller 3, 100, 200, and 300.

Claims

Claims 1. Electrical circuit breaker (C, C'), in particular stray current breaker, comprising an inlet (1) with a geometric central axis (M1), in particular electrolyte inlet, a fluid outlet (2) with a geometric central axis (M2), in particular electrolyte outlet, and an impeller (3, 100, 200, 300) surrounded by a housing (4) with a rotational axis (D), wherein the impeller (3, 100, 200, 300) has at least one transport volume (V T ) which is designed to transport fluid (F) from the inlet (1) to the outlet (2, 2'), wherein the fluid (F) in the transport volume (V T ) is electrically separated from the fluid (F) at the inlet (1) and outlet (2), characterized in that the central axis (Ml) of the inlet (1) does not intersect the axis of rotation (D) of the impeller 3.

2. Circuit breaker (C, C') according to claim 1, characterized in that the central axis (M2) of the outlet (2) does not intersect the axis of rotation (D) of the impeller (3), in particular is aligned with the inlet (1).

3. Circuit breaker (C, C') according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet (1) and / or the outlet (2) - are arranged on different or on the same sides with respect to the axis of rotation (D), and / or - are arranged at different heights (hl, h2) with respect to the axis of rotation (D).

4. Circuit breaker (C, C') according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet (1) is arranged above the outlet (2).

5. Circuit breaker (C, C') according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit breaker is equipped with a further outlet (2'), wherein the further outlet (2') is arranged above the impeller (3) in a usual installation of the circuit breaker.

6. Circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet (2) is equipped with a siphon (2).

7. Circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller (3) comprises a shaft (31) and a plurality of blades (32), wherein the blades (32) extend in the radial direction from the shaft (31), wherein at least two blades (32', 32”) together with the adjacent housing wall (4) form the transport volume (V T ) for fluid which is electrically isolated from the fluid at the inlet (1) and outlet (2).

8. Circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller (3) or at least the blades (32), at least on their surface, consist of a non-conductive material, for example of plastic, ceramic or plastic-coated steel.

9. Circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (4), or at least the part of the housing (4) which comes into contact with the blades (32), at least on its surface, consists of a non-conductive material, preferably of plastic, ceramic or plastic-coated steel.

10. Circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller (3) is arranged eccentrically to the center of the inlet (1) and / or outlet (2) or the fluid flow in the housing (4) is directed to achieve a low pressure drop.

11. Circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (4) is circular-cylindrical and encloses the impeller (3).

12. Circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit breaker (C, C') is provided with a Flow measuring device is equipped, in particular that the impeller (3) is coupled to a tachometer.

13. Circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 or according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the impeller (3, 100, 200, 300) comprises a plurality of blades (32), wherein the blades (32) extend in the radial direction from the axis of rotation (D) of the impeller (3, 100, 200, 300), characterized in that the impeller (100) is designed as a closed impeller (100), in particular that the blades (32) of the impeller (100) are flanked on both sides by a disc (1001 or 1001 ').

14. Circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 or according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the impeller (3, 100, 200, 300) comprises a plurality of blades (32), wherein the blades (32) extend in the radial direction from the axis of rotation of the impeller (3, 100, 200, 300), characterized in that rotatable rollers (2001) are attached to the ends of the blades (32).

15. Circuit breaker according to claim 14, characterized in that the rollers (2001) are designed to take over the bearing of the impeller (200) and a central shaft can be omitted.

16. Circuit breaker according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the rollers (2001) are electrically insulating rollers, preferably plastic rollers, in particular hard plastic rollers.

17. Circuit breaker according to at least one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that at least one of the rollers (2001) comprises a metal core which is surrounded by an insulating material, in particular plastic, wherein the housing (4) is equipped with a magnetic sensor.

18. Circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 or according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the circuit breaker further comprises a stepped casing (301), relief bores (302), an inlet (1), an outlet (2), a compression section (302) and an outlet (2'), in particular a gas outlet opening, characterized in that the circuit breaker comprises a device for gas / liquid separation.

19. Circuit breaker according to claim 18, characterized in that the device for gas / liquid separation is designed by the impeller (300) itself.

20. Circuit breaker according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the impeller (300) is equipped with a drive device.

21. Electrolyzer system comprising a plurality of electrolyzers (El, E2, E3...) which can be supplied with an electrolyte (fluid) via a supply line (H) and from which electrolyte can flow away via a discharge line (S), characterized in that at least one electrical circuit breaker according to at least one of the preceding claims is arranged between at least one electrolyzer (E) or a group of electrolyzers (El, E2, E3, ...) and the supply line (H) and / or the discharge line (S).

22. Method for transporting fluid (F), in particular electrolyte, from the inlet (1) to the outlet (2) of a circuit breaker (C, C') according to at least one of the preceding claims, and for electrically insulating fluid (F) at the inlet (1) from fluid (F) at the outlet (2) of a circuit breaker (C, C') according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Fluid (F) flows into the inlet (1) and causes the impeller (3) to rotate, whereby the fluid is pumped into a transport volume (V T ) is taken up, whereby the amount of air in the transport volume (V T ) is electrically separated from the fluid (F) at the inlet (1) and outlet (2), wherein the transport volume (V T ) with which the fluid is transported to the outlet (2) by rotation of the impeller (3).

23. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the fluid is introduced into the inlet (1) of the circuit breaker (C, C') as a liquid or as a gas-liquid mixture.

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