Methanotroph bioactivity-promoting methods and compositions

Abstract

Compositions comprising Methylobacterium fermentation broth products which are at least substantially free of Methylobacterium and / or vitamin formulations comprising vitamin B12 and optionally methanotroph strains that can be used to increase methanotroph bioactivity, mitigate methane production, and / or improve crop productivity are provided. Uses of compositions comprising such Methylobacterium fermentation broth products and / or vitamin formulations and optionally methanotroph and / or methylotroph strains, for methane mitigation and crop improvement is provided. Also provided are methods to reduce green-house gas emission and convert methane to methanol with methanotroph strains.

Description

P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 1 of 79 METHANOTROPH BIOACTIVITY-PROMOTING METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS REFERENCE TO PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

[0001] This patent application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 605,982, filed December 4, 2023, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63 / 605,893, filed December 4, 2023, and PCT Application No. PCT / US24 / 31017, filed May 24, 2024, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 606,485, filed December 5, 2023, and U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 561,055, filed March 4, 2024; U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 606,003, filed December 4, 2023; U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 624,133, filed January 23, 2024; U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 651,168, filed May 23, 2024; U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 694,457, filed September 13, 2024; U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 716,491, filed November 5, 2024; U.S. Patent Application No.63 / 716,398, filed on November 5, 2024; and PCT Application No. PCT / US24 / 57134, filed on November 22, 2024, the contents of each are specifically incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. SEQUENCE LISTING STATEMENT

[0002] The instant application contains a sequence listing, which has been submitted in XML file format by electronic submission and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The XML file, created on May 16, 2024, is named P14472WO00.xml and is 251,036 bytes in size. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Methylotrophic and methanotrophic bacteria are capable of utilizing single-carbon compounds as carbon and energy sources, but they differ in whether they can use methane as a source.

[0004] Obligate methanotrophs, such as Methylomicrobium, Methylosarcina, Methylocystis, Methylomonas, and Methylosinus, can use methane and / or methanol but no other sources.

[0005] In contrast, methylotrophs cannot use methane due to the absence of an enzyme required for methane oxidation. Instead, obligate methylotrophs can use methanol and possibly methylamine or formate; facultative methylotrophs can use methanol and multi-carbon compounds, such as organic acids, higher alcohols, and sugars. Some facultative methylotrophs, such as Methylobacterium and Methylorubrum, are pink-pigmented and are conventionally referred to as PPFMs.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 2 of 79

[0006] Methanotrophs possess the enzyme methane monooxygenase (MMO) which incorporates an atom of oxygen from O2into methane, forming methanol. There are two forms of the MMO enzyme, a soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), and a particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). Most known methanotrophs possess pMMO, although sMMO is also present in some methanotrophs.

[0007] Methanotrophs are classified into three groups, Type I, Type II and Type X on the basis of various physiological and morphological differences. Type I and Type X methanotrophs are gammaproteobacteria, while Type II methanotrophs are alphaproteobacterial. Some methanotrophs have been reported to contain two distinct isozymes of particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). pMMO1 facilitates oxidation of methane in high methane concentration environments. pMMO2 also facilitates oxidation of methane in low methane concentration environments, including oxidation of atmospheric methane. pMMO comprises three protein subunits, PmoA, PmoB and PmoC, which are encoded on an operon present in the methanotroph genome.

[0008] Methane is a critical component of Earth's carbon cycle and contributes to global warming. All nations have tried to frame a global regime to control green-house gas emissions and to assist with adaptation and yet emissions have continued to increase. For example, agriculture (e.g., enteric fermentation in livestock, manure management, and rice cultivation) is a contributor to global CH4 emission. Implementation of a biological methane oxidizing technology has the potential for mitigation of atmospheric methane levels and reduction of green-house gas emissions. Biologic methods to reduce or mitigate methane from such sources are desired. In addition, methods of enhancing plant production by improving growth and / or increasing nutrient utilization by biologic methods are desired. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present methods and compositions are useful in rice cultivation environments and in the cattle and dairy industries. Other examples include use in wastewater reclamation / treatment and natural water sources, (for example, wetlands, lakes, rivers, mangroves, marshes, bogs and streams). In addition, the present invention is useful in geological environments (natural gas, coal, or other extractive processes), and in gases produced as the result of wildfires, wild animals, or insects.

[0010] For example, the methods and compositions that are shown to have the following beneficial characteristics when applied to plants: a) improved growth metrics, including plant size, tiller counts, plant height; b) improved yield, including panicle counts, panicle weights, and shoot biomass; c) improved methane mitigation; andP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 3 of 79 d) improved colonization of beneficial microorganisms. Summary of representative embodiments.

[0011] The present invention provides methods for increasing methanotroph bioactivity in a methanotroph environment comprising contacting a methanotroph environment with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product.

[0012] The present invention also provides methods for increasing methanotroph bioactivity in a methanotroph environment comprising contacting a methanotroph environment with a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12, wherein the vitamin B12 is cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methyl cobalamin, or mixtures thereof.

[0013] Also provided are such methods, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wetland, a wastewater treatment location, or a landfill. Also provided are such methods, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale. Also provided are such methods, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock, and / or a livestock manure production or storage location.

[0014] Also provided are such methods, wherein the increased bioactivity results from: (i) an increase in methanotroph cell numbers (ii) an increase in methane monooxygenase activity; and / or (iii) an increase in the ratio of methanotroph cells to methanogen cells; wherein the increase of (i), (ii) and / or (iii) is in comparison to a control environment that has not been contacted with the composition. Also provided are such methods, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, plant part or soil in a plant growth locale and wherein said increased bioactivity of (i), (ii) and / or (iii) is an increase per soil volume and / or per wet or dry weight of a plant or plant part, and wherein the control soil and / or control plant or plant part I has not been contacted with the composition.

[0015] Also provided are such methods, wherein the contacting comprises application of the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation to the plant, soil where a seed is sown, soil where a plant is grown, or a plant part. Also provided are such methods, wherein exogenous methanotrophs are not applied to the plant or plant part. Also provided are such methods, wherein exogenous methanotrophs are applied to the plant or plant part.

[0016] Also provided are such methods, wherein the contacting comprises application of the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulationP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 4 of 79 to plant growth medium, optionally wherein the growth medium is soil, a paddy, or a hydroponic solution. Also provided are such methods, wherein the plant part comprises a plant leaf, petiole, flower, root, and / or seed.

[0017] Also provided are such methods, wherein the vitamin formulation is provided at a rate sufficient to increase methanotroph bioactivity by at least about 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 5-fold, or 10-fold in comparison to a control methanotroph environment contacted with a control composition lacking the vitamin formulation. Also provided are such methods, wherein the vitamin formulation is provided at a rate sufficient to provide the vitamin B12 to the methanotroph environment at a final concentration of about 15nM to about 375nM in the methanotroph environment. Also provided are such methods, wherein the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation is dried. Also provided are such methods, wherein the composition comprises both the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and the vitamin formulation.

[0018] Also provided are such methods, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate. Also provided are such methods, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried. Also provided are such methods, wherein the supernatant, extract, concentrate, or reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate is substantially Methylobacterium cell-free, essentially Methylobacterium cell-free, or Methylobacterium cell-free. Also provided are such methods, wherein the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is substantially Methylobacterium cell-free, essentially Methylobacterium cell-free, or Methylobacterium cell-free. Also provided are such methods, wherein the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation is dried. Also provided are such methods, wherein the methanotrophs comprise resident methanotrophs present in and / or on the methanotroph environment at the time of the contacting.

[0019] Also provided are such methods, wherein the methods further comprise contacting the methanotroph environment with exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B: (i) prior to the time of the contacting; (ii) at the time of the contacting; and / or (iii) after the time of the contacting. Also provided are such methods, wherein the exogenous Methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934. Also provided are such methods, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, aP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 5 of 79 Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species. Also provided are such methods, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. Also provided are such methods, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

[0020] Also provided are such methods, which further comprise at least one additional component. Also provided are such methods, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide. Also provided are such methods, which further comprise measuring methanotroph bioactivity after contacting the methanotroph environment with the composition. Also provided are such methods, further comprising re-contacting the methanotroph environment with the composition and / or the exogenous methanotrophs when increased methanotroph bioactivity is desired. Also provided are such methods, wherein increased methanotroph bioactivity results in increased plant yield and / or decreased methane production in comparison to a methanogen environment which has not been contacted with the composition.

[0021] The present invention also provides plants, plant parts, and / or seeds which is at least partially coated with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is at least substantially free of the Methylobacterium which produced the product. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the plant part comprises a plant leaf, petiole, flower, root, and / or seed. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried.

[0022] Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein wherein the composition further comprises an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the exogenous Methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934. Also provided are such plants,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 6 of 79 plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

[0023] Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, which further comprises at least one additional component. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the exogenous methanotroph comprises a methanotroph selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the plant part does not comprise exogenous Methylobacterium.

[0024] Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the composition further comprises a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the plant part is a monocot plant part. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the monocot plant part is a rice, corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, turf grass, or millet plant part. Also provided are such plants, plant parts, and / or seeds, wherein the plant part is a soybean, Cannabis, cotton, or canola plant.

[0025] The present invention also provides methods of formulating a composition comprising concentrating a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product or fraction thereof which is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium to obtain a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate. Also provided are such methods, wherein the concentrating comprises removing at least some, most, or essentially all water from the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product or fraction thereof.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 7 of 79

[0026] Also provided are such methods, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B. Also provided are such methods, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients. Also provided are such methods, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients and concentrating the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0027] Also provided are such methods, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more ruminant feed ingredients and / or ruminant feed additives. Also provided are such methods, further comprising granulating the composition. Also provided are such methods, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12.

[0028] Also provided are such methods, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition.

[0029] The present invention also provides compositions comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product which is at least substantially free of the Methylobacterium which produced the product wherein the composition is adapted for treatment of a methanotroph environment. Also provided are such compositions, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wasteland, or a landfill. Also provided are such compositions, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, and / or soil where a plant is grown. Also provided are such compositions, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock.

[0030] Also provided are such compositions, wherein the composition further comprises an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the exogenous Methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; andP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 8 of 79 NLS0934. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

[0031] Also provided are such compositions, which further comprise at least one additional component. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a methanotroph selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1510, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581.

[0032] Also provided are such compositions, wherein Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried. Also provided are such compositions, further comprising one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0033] Also provided are such compositions, further comprising a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12. Also provided are such compositions, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition. The invention also provides uses of the composition of any one of claims 60 to 76 to treat a methanotroph environment.

[0034] Also provided are such uses, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wetland, a wastewater treatment location, or a landfill. Also provided are such uses, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale. Also provided are such uses, wherein said methanotrophP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 9 of 79 environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock, and / or a livestock manure production or storage location. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions.

[0035] "And / or" where used herein is to be taken as specific disclosure of each of the two or more specified features or components with or without the other. Thus, the term “and / or" as used in a phrase such as "A and / or B" herein is intended to include "A and B," "A or B," "A" (alone), and "B" (alone). Likewise, the term "and / or" as used in a phrase such as "A, B, and / or C" is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone); B (alone); and C (alone).

[0036] “Biological” refers to a component of a composition for treatment of plants or plant parts comprised of or derived from a microorganism. Biologicals include biocontrol agents, other beneficial microorganisms, microbial extracts, natural products, plant growth activators or plant defense agents. Non-limiting examples of biocontrol agents include bacteria, fungi, beneficial nematodes, and viruses.^

[0037] “Colonization efficiency” as used herein refers to the relative ability of a given microbial strain to colonize a plant host cell or tissue as compared to non-colonizing control samples or other microbial strains. Colonization efficiency can be assessed, for example and without limitation, by determining colonization density, reported for example as colony forming units (CFU) per mg of plant tissue, or by quantification of nucleic acids specific for a strain in a colonization screen, for example using qPCR.

[0038] “Correlation” refers to a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables, here plant growth enhancement and identified genetic elements, occur together. A positive correlation indicates that a microbial strain containing a given genetic element is likely to enhance plant growth.

[0039] “Cultivate” means to grow a plant. A cultivated plant can be one grown and raised on a large agricultural scale or on a smaller scale, including for example a single plant.

[0040] “Derivative” when used in the context of a methanotrophic bacterial isolate, refers to any methanotrophic bacterial that is obtained from a deposited methanotrophic bacterial isolate provided herein. Derivatives of a methanotrophic bacterial isolate include, but are not limited to, derivatives obtained by selection, derivatives selected by mutagenesis and selection, and genetically transformed methanotrophic bacteria obtained from a methanotrophic bacterial isolate. A “derivative”P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 10 of 79 can be identified, for example based on genetic identity to the strain or isolate from which it was obtained and will generally exhibit chromosomal genomic DNA with at least 99%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.6%, or 99.5% sequence identity to chromosomal genomic DNA of the strain or isolate from which it was derived.

[0041] “Exogenous” or “exogenously provided” methylotrophs (e.g. Methylobacterium) are methylotrophs (e.g. Methylobacterium) obtained from at least one axenic culture.

[0042] “Fertilizer” can be a single nutrient nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea, ammonia or ammonia solutions (including ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and urea ammonium nitrate). In certain embodiments, the fertilizer can be a single nutrient phosphate fertilizer, such as a superphosphate or triple superphosphate or mixtures thereof, including double superphosphate. In certain embodiments, the fertilizer can be a single nutrient potassium-based fertilizer, such as muriate of potash. In certain embodiments, the compositions comprise multi-nutrient fertilizers including binary fertilizers (NP, NK, PK), including, for example monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride. In further embodiments, three-component fertilizers (NPK) providing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are present in the aqueous compositions. In still further embodiments, the fertilizer comprises micronutrients, which may be chelated or non-chelated. In some embodiments, combinations of various fertilizers can be present in the aqueous solution, including combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and / or micronutrient fertilizers. Nutrient solutions provided in hydroponic plant growth systems are also considered “fertilizers” in methods and compositions described herein.

[0043] “Genetic element” refers to an element in a DNA or RNA molecule that comprises a series of adjacent nucleotides at least 20 nucleotides in length and up to 50, 100, 1,000, or 10,000 or more, nucleic acids in length. A genetic element may comprise different groups of adjacent nucleic acids, for example, where the genome of a plant-associated microorganism contains introns and exons. The genetic element may be present on a chromosome or on an extrachromosomal element, such as a plasmid. In eukaryotic plant-associated microorganisms, the genetic element may be present in the nucleus or in the mitochondria. In some embodiments, the genetic element is a functional genetic element (e.g., a gene) that encodes a protein.

[0044] “Homologous"' or "homologue" or "ortholog" refer to related genetic elements or proteins encoded by the genetic elements that are determined based on the degree of sequence identity. These terms describe the relationship between a genetic element or encoded protein found in one isolate, species or strain and the corresponding or equivalent genetic element or protein in another isolate,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 11 of 79 species or strain. As used herein, a particular genetic element in a first isolate, species or strain is considered equivalent to a genetic element present in a second isolate, species or strain when the proteins encoded by the genetic element in the isolates, species or strains have at least 50 percent identity. Percent identity can be determined by using a number of software programs available in the art including BLASTP, ClustalW, ALLALIGN, DNASTAR, SIM, SEQALN, NEEDLE, SSEARCH and the like.

[0045] “Hydroponic”, “hydroponics”, or “hydroponically” refers to a method of cultivating plants in the absence of soil.

[0046] “Include,” “includes,” and “including” are to be construed as at least having the features or encompassing the items to which they refer while not excluding any additional unspecified features or unspecified items.

[0047] “Methanotrophic bacteria” or “methanotroph” refers to genera and species of bacteria that are capable of using methane as their carbon source for growth and / or a species that contains a pMMO gene. Methanotrophic bacteria include species in the genera Methyloacidimicrobium, Methyloacidiplilum, Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, Methylocapsa, Methylocella, Methylococcus, Methylocystis, Methyloferula, Methylogaea, Methyloglobus, Methylohalobius, Methylomagnum, Methylomarinum, Methylomicrobium, Methylomonas, Methyloparacoccus, Methyloperedens, Methyloprofundus, Methylosarcina, Methylosinus, Methylosoma, Methylosphaera, Methylothermus, and Methylovulum.

[0048] “Methanotroph environment” or “methanotrophic environment” refers to a liquid, semi-liquid, or liquid-containing locale including soil, wherein the locale has methanotrophs present.

[0049] “Methylobacterium” refers to methylotroph genera and species in the methylobacteriaceae family, including bacterial species in the Methylobacterium genus and proposed Methylorubrum genus (Green and Ardley (2018)). Methylobacterium includes pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (PPFM) and also encompasses the non-pink-pigmented Methylobacterium nodulans, as well as colorless mutants of Methylobacterium isolates. For example, and not by way of limitation, “Methylobacterium” refers to bacteria of the species listed below as well as any new Methylobacterium species that have not yet been reported or described that can be characterized as Methylobacterium or Methylorubrum based on phylogenetic analysis: Methylobacterium adhaesivum; Methylobacterium oryzae; Methylobacterium aerolatum; Methylobacterium oxalidis; Methylobacterium aquaticum; Methylobacterium persicinum; Methylobacterium brachiatum; Methylobacterium phyllosphaerae; Methylobacterium brachythecii; Methylobacterium phyllostachyos; Methylobacterium bullatum; Methylobacterium platani; Methylobacterium cerastii; Methylobacterium pseudosasicola; Methylobacterium currus; Methylobacterium radiotolerans; Methylobacterium dankookense;P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 12 of 79 Methylobacterium soli; Methylobacterium frigidaeris; Methylobacterium specialis; Methylobacterium fujisawaense; Methylobacterium tardum; Methylobacterium gnaphalii; Methylobacterium tarhaniae; Methylobacterium goesingense; Methylobacterium thuringiense; Methylobacterium gossipiicola; Methylobacterium trifolii; Methylobacterium gregans; Methylobacterium variabile; Methylobacterium haplocladii; Methylobacterium aminovorans (Methylorubrum aminovorans); Methylobacterium hispanicum; Methylobacterium extorquens (Methylorubrum extorquens); Methylobacterium indicum; Methylobacterium podarium (Methylorubrum podarium); Methylobacterium iners; Methylobacterium populi (Methylorubrum populi); Methylobacterium isbiliense; Methylobacterium pseudosasae (Methylorubrum pseudosasae); Methylobacterium jeotgali; Methylobacterium rhodesianum (Methylorubrum rhodesianum); Methylobacterium komagatae; Methylobacterium rhodinum (Methylorubrum rhodinum); Methylobacterium longum; Methylobacterium salsuginis (Methylorubrum salsuginis); Methylobacterium marchantiae; Methylobacterium suomiense (Methylorubrum suomiense; Methylobacterium mesophilicum; Methylobacterium thiocyanatum (Methylorubrum thiocyanatum); Methylobacterium nodulans; Methylobacterium zatmanii (Methylorubrum zatmanii); Methylobacterium symbiota; or Methylobacterium organophilum.

[0050] “Mineral nutrients” (also sometime referred to simply as “nutrients”) are micronutrients or macronutrients required or useful for plants or plant parts including for example, but not limited to, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), and the micronutrients chlorine (Cl), Iron (Fe), Boron (B), manganese (Mn), zinc (Z), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni).

[0051] “Mitigating”, “mitigate”, or “mitigation” refers to a reduction of something or a combination of things as compared to a standard.

[0052] “Mitigate methane” refers to decreasing methane levels by reducing methane emissions or by enhancing removal of methane from sources such as agricultural soil, wetlands, landfills, waste facilities, animal feed, water or air. Mitigation of methane may be the result of methane oxidation by the activity of pMMO and / or sMMO enzymes in the methanotrophic bacterial strains provided herein or may be the result of secondary effects of the provided methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium strains on the microbiome of a treated plant or plant part.

[0053] “Pan-genome” refers to the entire set of genes for the microbial population being screened in a plant colonization efficiency screen. Thus, a pan-genome may represent the entire set of genes for a particular species, or the entire set of genes in multiple different species of the same genus or even theP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 13 of 79 entire set of genes for multiple species classified in more than a single genus, where the strains in the population are from closely related genera.

[0054] “Sequence identity” when used to evaluate whether a particular methanotrophic bacterial strain is a variant or derivative of a methanotrophic bacterial strain provided herein refers to a measure of^nucleotide-level genomic similarity between the coding regions of two genomes.^ Sequence identity between the coding regions of bacterial genomes can be calculated, for example, by determining the Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) score using FastANI (Jain et al. “High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries”, Nat Communications 9, 5114 (2018)) and Han et al. (“ANI tools web: a web tool for fast genome comparison within multiple bacterial strains”; Database, 2016, 1–5).

[0055] “Strain” shall include all isolates of such strain.

[0056] “Variant” when used in the context of a^methanotrophic bacterial^isolate, refers to any isolate that has chromosomal genomic DNA with at least 99%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.6%, or 99.5% sequence identity to chromosomal genomic DNA of a reference methanotrophic bacterial isolate, such as, for example, a deposited methanotrophic bacterial isolate provided herein. A variant of an isolate can be obtained from various sources including soil, plants or plant material, and water, particularly water associated with plants and / or agriculture. Variants include derivatives obtained from deposited isolates. Methanotrophic bacterial isolates or strains can be sequenced (for example as taught by Sanger et al. (1977), Bentley et al. (2008) or Caporaso et al. (2012)) and genome-scale comparison of the sequences conducted (Konstantinidis et al. (2005)) using sequence analysis tools, such as BLAST, as taught by Altschul et al. (1990) or clustalw (www.ebi.ac.uk / Tools / msa / clustalw2 / ).

[0057] “Vitamins” are organic compounds required in small amounts for normal growth and metabolism. Vitamins are important for human and / or animal growth and some vitamins have been reported to be beneficial to plants. Vitamins include but are not limited to vitamin A (including but not limited to all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-beta-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1(thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (quinones).

[0058] Where a term is provided in the singular, other embodiments described by the plural of that term are also provided.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 14 of 79

[0059] To the extent to which any of the preceding definitions are inconsistent with definitions provided in any patent or non-patent reference incorporated herein by reference, any patent or non-patent reference cited herein, or in any patent or non-patent reference found elsewhere, it is understood that the preceding definition will be used herein. Description.

[0060] Compositions. Compositions comprising Methylobacterium fermentation broth products (referred to hereinafter “MFBP”) and / or vitamin formulations (referred to hereinafter as “VITF”) which can be used to increase bioactivity of methanotrophic bacteria (methanotrophs) are provided herein. MFBP and / or VITF can be formulated into compositions that can be used to increase bioactivity of resident and / or exogenous methanotrophs and to mitigate methane production in methanotroph environments where methane is emitted or produced.

[0061] Methane Mitigation. MFBP and / or VITF compositions can also provide for additional benefits, for example in agricultural applications, where they can provide methane mitigation in methanotroph environments including landfills, agricultural lands, wastewater treatment, wetlands, landfills, waste facilities, livestock manure production or storage locations, and dairy farms. Such methanotroph environments also include digestive systems of a ruminant livestock (e.g., cattle, buffaloes, goats, and sheep).

[0062] Growth Metrics and Yield. MFBP and / or VITF compositions can also provide for additional benefits, for example in agricultural applications, where they can increase bioactivity of resident and / or exogenous methanotrophs which enhance early growth of plants, improve propagation / transplant vigor, increase nutrient uptake, improve stand establishment, improve stress tolerance, increase yield, and / or increase a plant’s ability to utilize nutrients. In certain embodiments, MFBP and / or VITF compositions applied with or without exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium provide for nitrogen fixation, and or enhance nitrogen use efficiency of a treated plant. In certain embodiments, the application of MFBP and / or VITF compositions applied with or without an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium results in increased yield at harvest, for example increased harvested seed yield. Compositions comprising the MFBP and / or VITF which useful for treatment of methanotroph environments (e.g., fields, paddies, wasteland, animal feed, wetlands, landfills, waste, plants, seeds, or plant parts) with such compositions are provided herein.

[0063] Plants. In certain embodiments, MFBP and / or VITF compositions applied with or without exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are applied to rice plants resulting in decreased levels of methane and enhanced plant growth. In certain embodiments, MFBP and / or VITFP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 15 of 79 compositions applied with or without an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are applied to other crop plants, including agricultural crop plants, for example row crops, such as corn, soybean, wheat, barley and millet, fruits and vegetables, leafy green plants, herbs, ornamentals, turf grasses, golf grass, shrubs, and trees.

[0064] Plants. Contacted plants include, for example rice and other field crops, ornamentals, turf grasses, golf grasses, shrubs, and trees grown in commercial production, such as conifer trees. Without limitation, such additional plant species include corn, soybean, cruciferous or Brassica sp. (e.g., B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), including vegetable Brassica sp., alfalfa, rice, rye, wheat, barley, oats, sorghum, millet (e.g., pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), and finger millet (Eleusine coracana)), sunflower, safflower, tobacco, potato, peanuts, cotton, species in the genus Cannabis (including, but not limited to, Cannabis sativa and industrial hemp varieties), alfalfa, clover, cover-crops, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus), cassava, coffee, coconut, ornamentals (including, but not limited to, azalea, hydrangea, hibiscus, roses, tulips, daffodils, petunias, carnation, poinsettia, and chrysanthemum), conifers (including, but not limited to pines such as loblolly pine, slash pine, ponderosa pine, lodge pole pine, and Monterey pine; Douglas- fir; Western hemlock; Sitka spruce; redwood; true firs such as silver fir and balsam fir; cedars such as Western red cedar and Alaska yellow-cedar) and turfgrass (including, but are not limited to, annual bluegrass, annual ryegrass, Canada bluegrass, fescue, bentgrass, wheatgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, orchard grass, ryegrass, redtop, Bermuda grass, St. Augustine grass, and zoysia grass); fruit (including but not limited to citrus, pome, and tropical fruit); nuts; and tea. Leafy green plants that can be contacted include vegetable crop with edible leaves, for example, spinach, kale, lettuce (including but not limited to romaine, butterhead, iceberg and loose leaf lettuces), collard greens, cabbage, beet greens, watercress, swiss chard, arugula, escarole, endive, bok choy and turnip greens. Leafy green plants as used herein also refers to plants grown for harvest of microgreens and / or herbs, including but not limited to lettuce, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, watercress, arugula, garlic, onion, leek, amaranth, swill chard, been, spinach, melon, cucumber, squash, basil, celery, cilantro, radish, radicchio, chicory, dill, rosemary, French tarragon, basil, Pennisetum, carrot, fennel, beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils.

[0065] In addition to previously described plants, the following plants are shown to be improved.

[0066] Fruiting vegetables: tomato, bell pepper, cucumber, zucchini, eggplant, chili pepper, pumpkin, squash, avocado, snap peas, string beans, okra, watermelon, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, tomatillo, chayote, spaghetti squash, acorn squash, pattypan squash, luffa, gourds, kabocha, winter melon, bitter melon, ground cherry, cherry tomato, calabash, pepino melon, caper berries, jicama, roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), taro fruit.:P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 16 of 79

[0067] Small fruit crops: strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, cranberry, grape, kiwi, currant, gooseberry, elderberry, mulberry, fig, pomegranate, blackcurrant, boysenberry, loganberry, cloudberry, lingonberry, sea buckthorn, aronia (chokeberry), redcurrant, white currant, serviceberry (Juneberry), feijoa (pineapple guava), jostaberry, tayberry, olallieberry, saskatoon berry, huckleberry, salal berry, buffaloberry, barberry.

[0068] Berries: strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, cranberry, grape, blackcurrant, redcurrant, white currant, gooseberry, elderberry, mulberry, boysenberry, loganberry, lingonberry, cloudberry, aronia (chokeberry), huckleberry, saskatoon berry, tayberry, olallieberry, juneberry (serviceberry), feijoa (pineapple guava), jostaberry, sea buckthorn.

[0069] Legume Vegetables: green bean, snap pea, snow pea, edamame (young soybean), lima bean, yardlong bean, chickpea (garbanzo bean), lentil, pigeon pea, black-eyed pea (cowpea), fava bean (broad bean), mung bean, adzuki bean, butter bean, hyacinth bean, sugar snap pea, navy bean, pinto bean, kidney bean, black bean, cannellini bean, runner bean, cranberry bean, winged bean.

[0070] Cereal grain crops: wheat, rice, corn (maize), barley, sorghum, oats, millet, rye, triticale, durum wheat, spelt, emmer, farro, bulgur, quinoa (pseudocereal), buckwheat (pseudocereal), amaranth (pseudocereal), teff, wild rice, pearl millet, fonio.

[0071] Pome fruit: apple, pear, quince, nashi pear (Asian pear), medlar, loquat.

[0072] Strains. Strains of methanotrophic bacteria used in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions described herein include bacteria from a genus selected from the group consisting of Methyloacidimicrobium, Methyloacidiplilum, Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, Methylocapsa, Methylocella, Methylococcus, Methylocystis, Methyloferula, Methylogaea, Methyloglobus, Methylohalobius, Methylomagnum, Methylomarinum, Methylomicrobium, Methylomonas, Methyloparacoccus, Methyloperedens, Methyloprofundus, Methylosarcina, Methylosinus, Methylosoma, Methylosphaera, Methylothermus, and Methylovulum. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph used in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions provided herein is a Methylocystis species selected from M. hirsuta, M. rosea and M. parvus. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph used in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions provided herein is a Methylomicrobium lacus or Methylosarcina fibrate strain.

[0073] Non-limiting examples of strains that can be used in compositions and methods provided herein are disclosed in Table 1A and Table 1B. Other strains useful in certain compositions and methodsP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 17 of 79 provided herein include variants of the strains disclosed in Table 1A and Table 1B. Also of use are various combinations of two or more strains or variants of strains disclosed in Table 1A and / or Table 1B for compositions and treatment of plants or parts thereof.

[0074] [intentionally blank – continued on next page]P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 18 of 79NLS0693 B-67926 2020-02-20 Methylobacterium komagatae 023 FMP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 19 of 79 Table 1A.NLS7872 B-68383 2024-06-20 Methylorubrum extorquens 099 FMP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 20 of 79NLS1632 B-68462 2024-10-29 Methylomonas sp. 110 N1 Deposit Statement.

[0075] The NRRL numbers referenced herein are the deposit identification numbers for strains deposited with the AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE CULTURE COLLECTION (NRRL) of the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604 U.S.A. under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure. Subject to 37 CFR §1.808(b), all restrictions imposed by the depositor on the availability to the public of the deposited material will be irrevocably removed upon the granting of any patent from this patent application.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 21 of 79

[0076] Aforementioned deposits have been disclosed and / or claimed in U.S. Patent Nos. 10757946, 10212939, 10945441, 10980240, 10993443, 10111438, 10945440, 10368547, 11147276, 10905127, 11278029, 11284622, 10098353, 10716307, 10448645, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 20220053768, 20220015370, 20220304310, and 20230309564, or US Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 247,934, which are each incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The microorganisms deposited with the NRRL were taken from the deposit maintained by Newleaf Symbiotics, Inc.1005 N Warson Rd, St. Louis, MO 63132 prior to the filing date of this application. Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of the application to the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks and persons determined by the Commissioner to be entitled thereto upon request. Upon issue of claims, the Applicant(s) will make available to the public, pursuant to 37 CFR 1.808, the deposit with the NRRL. This deposit will be maintained in the depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for the enforceable life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally, Applicant has satisfied all the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §§1.801 - 1.809, including providing an indication of the viability of the sample. Applicant has no authority to waive any restrictions imposed by law on the transfer of biological material or its transportation in commerce. Additional Components.

[0077] In certain embodiments of the methods provided herein, plants, plant seeds and / or plant parts are treated with both a methanotroph strain and at least one additional component. In some embodiments an additional component can be an additional active ingredient, for example, a pesticide or a second biological. In certain embodiments, the pesticide can be an insecticide, a fungicide, an herbicide, a nematicide or other biocide. The second biological could be a strain that improves yield or controls an insect, pest, fungi, weed, or nematode. In some embodiments, a second biological is an additional methanotroph strain. In some embodiments, a second biological is a Methylobacterium strain. In some embodiments, an additional strain in the methods and compositions provided herein is selected from the Methylotrophs listed in Table 1A and / or a Methanotroph in Table 1B.

[0078] Insecticides and Nematicides. Non-limiting examples of insecticides and nematicides include carbamates, diamides, macrocyclic lactones, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, phenylpyrazoles, pyrethrins, spinosyns, synthetic pyrethroids, tetronic and tetramic acids. In particular embodiments insecticides and nematicides include abamectin, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, bifenthrin, carbofuran, chlorantraniliporle, chlothianidin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dinotefuran, emamectin, ethiprole, fenamiphos, fipronil, flubendiamide, fosthiazate, imidacloprid, ivermectin,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 22 of 79 lambda-cyhalothrin, milbemectin, nitenpyram, oxamyl, permethrin, tioxazafen, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodichlofen, spirotetramat, tefluthrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and thiodicarb.

[0079] Fungicides. Non-limiting examples of useful fungicides include aromatic hydrocarbons, benzimidazoles, benzthiadiazole, carboxamides, carboxylic acid amides, morpholines, phenylamides, phosphonates, quinone outside inhibitors (e.g. strobilurins), thiazolidines, thiophanates, thiophene carboxamides, and triazoles. Particular examples of fungicides include acibenzolar-S-methyl, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, bixafen, boscalid, carbendazim, cyproconazole, dimethomorph, epoxiconazole, fluopyram, fluoxastrobin, flutianil, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, fosetyl-Al, ipconazole, isopyrazam, kresoxim-methyl, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, metconazole, myclobutanil, orysastrobin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, picoxystrobin, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, sedaxane, silthiofam, tebuconazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate, tolclofos-methyl, trifloxystrobin, and triticonazole. Non-limiting examples of other biocides, include isothiazolinones, for example 1,2 Benzothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CIT), 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3- one (MIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), and butylbenzisothiazolinone (BBIT); 2-Bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol (Bronopol), 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3- dioxane (Bronidox), Tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides.

[0080] Herbicides. Non-limiting examples of herbicides include ACCase inhibitors, acetanilides, AHAS inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, EPSPS inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, PPO inhibitors, PS II inhibitors, and synthetic auxins, Particular examples of herbicides include acetochlor, clethodim, dicamba, flumioxazin, fomesafen, glyphosate, glufosinate, mesotrione, quizalofop, saflufenacil, sulcotrione, and 2,4-D.

[0081] Active Ingredient. In some embodiments, the composition or method disclosed herein may comprise a methanotroph strain and an additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, ipconazole, imidacloprid, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, tioxazafen, azoxystrobin, thiomethoxam, fluopyram, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, and sedaxane.

[0082] Additional biological.

[0083] The second biological could be a biological control agent, other beneficial microorganisms, microbial extracts, plant extracts, yeast extracts, vegetal chitosan, natural products, plant growth activators or plant defense agent. Non-limiting examples of the second biological could include bacteria, fungi, beneficial nematodes, and viruses. In certain embodiments, the second biological can be aP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 23 of 79 Methylotroph and / or a Methanotroph. In certain embodiments, the second biological is a strain listed in Table 1A and / or Table 1B.

[0084] Methylotrophs. In certain embodiments, the second biological can be a Methylobacterium selected from M. gregans, M. radiotolerans, M. extorquens, M. populi, M. salsuginis, M. brachiatum, and M. komagatae.

[0085] Methanotrophs. In certain embodiments, the second biological can be a Methanotroph selected from Methyloacidimicrobium, Methyloacidiplilum, Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, Methylocapsa, Methylocella, Methylococcus, Methylocystis, Methyloferula, Methylogaea, Methyloglobus, Methylohalobius, Methylomagnum, Methylomarinum, Methylomicrobium, Methylomonas, Methyloparacoccus, Methyloperedens, Methyloprofundus, Methylosarcina, Methylosinus, Methylosoma, Methylosphaera, Methylothermus, and Methylovulum. In some embodiments, a methanotroph provided herein is a Methylocystis species selected from M. hirsuta, M. rosea and M. parvus. In some embodiments, a methanotroph provided herein is a Methylosinus species selected from M. trichosporium and M. sporium. In some embodiments, a methanotroph provided herein is a Methylomicrobium lacus or Methylosarcina fibrate strain.

[0086] Bacterium. In certain embodiments, the second biological can be a bacterium of the genus Actinomycetes, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Aureobacterium, Azobacter, Azorhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Beijerinckia, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Clavibacter, Comomonas, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Herbaspirillum, Hydrogenophage, Klebsiella, Luteibacter, Lysinibacillus, Mesorhizobium, Methylobacterium, Microbacterium, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Pasteuria, Phingobacterium, Photorhabdus, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Bradyrhizobium, Serratia, Sinorhizobium, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, Stenotrophomonas, Variovorax, Xanthomonas and Xenorhadbus. In particular embodiments the bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus, lichenformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Chromobacterium suttsuga, Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria usage, and Pseudomona fluorescens.

[0087] Fungus. In certain embodiments the second biological can be a fungus of the genus Acremonium, Alternaria, Ampelomyces, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Beauveria, Botryosphaeria, Cladosporium, Cochliobolus, Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium, Embellisia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Gigaspora, Gliocladium, Glomus, Laccaria, Metarhisium, Muscodor, Nigrospora, Paecilonyces,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 24 of 79 Paraglomus, Penicillium, Phoma, Pisolithus, Podospora, Rhizopogon, Scleroderma, Trichoderma, Typhula, Ulocladium, and Verticilium. In particular embodiments, the fungus is Beauveria bassiana, Coniothyrium minitans, Gliocladium vixens, Muscodor albus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, or Trichoderma polysporum.

[0088] Biostimulant. In further embodiments the second biological can be a biostimulant, including but not limited to seaweed extract or hummates, plant growth activators or plant defense agents including, but not limited to harpin, Reynoutria sachalinensis, jasmonate, lipochitooligosaccharides, and isoflavones.

[0089] Biopesticides. In further embodiments, the second biological can include, but are not limited to, various Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Coniothyrium sp., Pantoea sp., Streptomyces sp., and Trichoderma sp. Microbial biopesticides can be a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan. Particularly useful biopesticidal microorganisms include various Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus pumilis, Pseudomonas syringae, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma virens, and Streptomyces lydicus strains. Other microorganisms that are added can be genetically engineered or wild-type isolates that are available as pure cultures. In certain embodiments, it is anticipated that the second biological can be provided in the composition in the form of a spore.

[0090] Lubricants. In certain embodiments where plant seeds are treated with methanotroph compositions provided herein, the compositions further comprise one or more lubricants to ensure smooth flow and separation (singulation) of seeds in the seeding mechanism, for example a planter box. Lubricants for use in such compositions include talc, graphite, polyethylene wax based powders (such as Fluency Agent), protein powders, for example soybean protein powders, or a combination of protein powders and a lipid, for example lecithin or a vegetable oil. Lubricants can be applied to seeds simultaneously with application of a methanotroph, or may be mixed with a methanotroph prior to application of the compositions to the seeds.

[0091] Excipients. Agriculturally acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, woodflours, clays, activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, fine-grain inorganic solids, calcium carbonate and the like. Clays and inorganic solids that can be used with the include, but are not limited to, calcium bentonite, kaolin, china clay, talc, perlite, mica, vermiculite, silicas, quartz powder, montmorillonite and mixtures thereof. Agriculturally acceptable excipients also include various lubricants such as talc, graphite, polyethylene wax based powders (such as Fluency Agent), protein powders, for example soybean protein powders, or a combination of protein powders and a lipid, for example lecithin or a vegetable oil.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 25 of 79

[0092] Adjuvants. Preferably, the agriculturally acceptable adjuvant comprises kaolin, talc, graphite, mica, vermiculite, soyobean protein powder, or a combination thereof. Agriculturally acceptable adjuvants that promote sticking to the seed that can be used include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl methyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, waxes, latex polymers, celluloses including ethylcelluloses and methylcelluloses, hydroxy methylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxymethylpropylcelluloses, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, alginates, dextrins, malto-dextrins, polysaccharides, fats, oils, proteins, karaya gum, jaguar gum, tragacanth gum, polysaccharide gums, mucilage, gum arabics, shellacs, vinylidene chloride polymers and copolymers, soybean-based protein polymers and copolymers, lignosulfonates, acrylic copolymers, starches, polyvinylacrylates, zeins, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, polyethylene oxide, acrylamide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, methylacrylamide monomers, alginate, ethylcellulose, polychloroprene and syrups or mixtures thereof. Other useful agriculturally acceptable adjuvants that can promote coating include, but are not limited to, polymers and copolymers of vinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer and water-soluble waxes. Further, agriculturally acceptable adjuvants also include various lubricants (which can provide for smooth flow and separation (singulation) of seeds) such as talc, graphite, polyethylene wax based powders (such as Fluency Agent), protein powders, for example soybean protein powders, or a combination of protein powders and a lipid, for example lecithin or a vegetable oil. Various surfactants, dispersants, anticaking-agents, foam-control agents, and dyes disclosed herein and in US Patent No.8,181,388 can be adapted for use with compositions comprising a suitable methanotroph strain. In certain embodiments, the seed and / or seedling is exposed to the composition by providing the methanotroph strain in soil in which the plant or a plant arising from the seed are grown, or other plant growth media in which the plant or a plant arising from the seed are grown. Examples of methods where the methanotroph strain is provided in the field and soil include in furrow applications, soil drenches, and the like. Preferably, agriculturally acceptable adjuvants that promote sticking to the seed are celluloses dextrins, maltodextrins, polysaccharides, polysaccharide gums, or a combination thereof.

[0093] The agriculturally acceptable adjuvant, excipient, lubricant, and / or other ingredients, can be present in the composition at a concentration of from 0 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 0.1 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 1 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 2 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 3 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 4 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 5 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, from about 0.1 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from about 1 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from about 2 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from aboutP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 26 of 79 3 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from about 4 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from about 5 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from about 0.1 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, from about 1 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, from about 2 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, from about 3 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, from about 4 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, from about 5 wt.% to about 85 wt.%, from about 0.1 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, from about 1 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, from about 2 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, from about 3 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, from about 4 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, or more preferably, from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%. Treatments.

[0094] The compositions and methods herein are useful for treatment of various methane-containing environments and can be applied in a variety of locations and timing intervals.

[0095] Environments. The invention is useful for mitigating methane in various environments, for example: in wetlands, landfills, and agricultural applications, including plant production in flooded fields; for reducing methane produced in animal production, such as cattle or dairy industries; for reducing natural methane sources such as exist in wetlands or other natural water sources, (including but not limited to lakes, rivers, mangroves, marshes, bogs and streams); in geological sources; and in gases produced as the result of wildfires, wild animals, or insects. By reducing methane resulting from such practices or present in such sources, the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases can be reduced and decrease the potential for methane to have detrimental effects, particularly in contributing to global warming. In some embodiments, methanotroph strains provided herein not only mitigate methane levels associated with agricultural crop production, but also provide additional benefits to a treated plant, such as increases in growth metrics and / or yield.

[0096] Application. Compositions comprising methanotrophs and optionally one or more methylotroph strain may be applied to soil or other growth medium where plants are grown. Methanotroph and optionally methylotroph soil treatments or applications can include, but are not limited to, fields (e.g. flooded or irrigated fields), in-furrow applications (e.g., before, during, and / or after seed deposition), soil drenches, distribution of granular or other dried formulations to the soil (e.g., before, during, and / or after seed deposition or plant growth). Treatments for plants grown in hydroponic systems can include seed treatments prior to germination, foliar applications to germinated plants or parts thereof, and applications in a liquid solution used in the hydroponic system. In certain embodiments, treatment of a plant can include application to the seed, plant, and / or a part of the plant and can thus comprise any methanotroph treatment or application resulting in colonization of the plant by the methanotroph. In some embodiments, application of one or more methanotrophs and optionally one or moreP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 27 of 79 methylotrophs to crops that are propagated by cutting can enhance growth and / or rooting of such plants. Field transplants of such treated and rooted cuttings may demonstrate decreased cycling time, and / or improved biomass and / or yield as a result of such treatments.

[0097] Treatments or applications to plants described herein can include, but are not limited to, spraying, coating, partially coating, immersing, drenching, and / or imbibing the field, seed, plant or plant parts with the methanotroph, and optionally one or more methylotroph, strains, or compositions comprising such strains. In certain embodiments, soil, a seed, a leaf, a stem, a root, a tuber, or a shoot can be sprayed, immersed drenched and / or imbibed with a liquid, semi-liquid, emulsion, or slurry of a composition provided herein. In some embodiments, one or more methanotroph strains may be applied together or separately with one or more methylotroph strains. In some embodiments, methanotroph, and optionally methylotroph strains, are applied to multiple plant parts and / or at multiple stages of plant growth. In certain embodiments, methane oxidizing methanotrophs described herein are applied as foliar sprays or seed treatments to row crops. In some embodiments, the crop is corn and a methanotroph is applied as a seed treatment. In some embodiments, the corn crop is grown under nitrogen limited conditions and the ability of the applied methanotroph to enhance nutrient uptake efficiency (NUE) is observed.

[0098] Embodiments / Methods.

[0099] Methylobacterium fermentation broth products (MFBP) used in the methods provided herein are obtained by culturing Methylobacterium in suitable media and removing the Methylobacterium from the media following growth to obtain the MFBP which is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium. The liquid culture medium is prepared from inexpensive and readily available components, including, but not limited to, inorganic salts such as potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and the like, carbon sources such as glycerol, methanol, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, succinic acid and the like, and amino acid blends such as peptone, tryptone, and the like.

[0100] Liquid media that can be used include mineral salts (AMS) medium (Whittenbury et al., 1970), Vogel-Bonner (VB) minimal culture medium (Vogel and Bonner, 1956), and LB broth (“Luria –Bertani Broth”). AMS medium contains, per liter, 700 milligrams of dibasic potassium phosphate anhydrous, 540 milligrams of monobasic potassium phosphate anhydrous, one gram of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 500 milligrams of ammonium chloride anhydrous, 200 milligrams of calcium chloride dehydrate, 4 milligrams of ferric sulfate heptahydrate, 100 micrograms of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 30 micrograms of manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 300 micrograms of boric acid anhydrous, 200 micrograms of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 10 micrograms of copper chloride dehydrate, 20 micrograms of nickel chloride hexahydrate, and 60 micrograms of sodium molybdate dehydrate plusP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 28 of 79 desired carbon source(s) (e.g., methanol, glycerol plus peptone, glutamate plus peptone). VB medium contains, per liter, 298 milligrams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 14.93 grams of anhydrous dibasic potassium phosphate, 5.22 grams of sodium ammonium phosphate tetrahydrate, and 2.73 grams of anhydrous citric acid (the free acid form) plus desired carbon source(s) (e.g., methanol, glycerol plus peptone, glutamate plus peptone).

[0101] Non limiting examples of Methylobacterium growth media used with and without solid substances to which the Methylobacterium can adhere, and growth conditions include those disclosed in US Patent No. 9,181,541, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Non limiting examples of Methylobacterium growth media used with and without emulsions and growth conditions are disclosed in US Patent No.10,287,544, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0102] In certain embodiments, batch fermentations are used to obtain the MFBP. Continuous fermentation processes can also be used to obtain the MFBP in other embodiments. Methylobacterium can be grown in the media at about 30 degrees centigrade with aeration and agitation (e.g. stirring). In certain embodiments, suitable periods of growth can be determined empirically (e.g., by harvesting the liquid supernatant that is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium and determining its capacity to increase methanotroph bioactivity). Following a suitable period of growth, the MFBP which is at least substantially Methylobacterium cell-free can be obtained by a variety of methods. In certain embodiments, Methylobacterium are separated from the liquid MFBP by settling or centrifugation followed by aspirating, decanting, withdrawing, or otherwise harvesting the liquid MFBP which is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium. In certain embodiments, Methylobacterium are separated from the liquid MFBP by a filtration process (e.g., by passing a liquid supernatant comprising the fermentation broth through bioburden reduction or other filter). Suitable filters include those having filter pore sizes of about 0.2 µM, 0.45µM, and / or 0.5µM. In certain embodiments, removal of Methylobacterium from the supernatant can be facilitated by use of the biphasic media with and without solid substances to which the Methylobacterium can adhere (e.g., as disclosed in US Patent No. 9,181,541). Liquid MFBP which is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium can be used either as is or further processed to obtain additional useful forms of the MFBP. In certain embodiments, the liquid MFBP is further concentrated by partial or complete desiccation. In certain embodiments, the MFBP is dried to a solid form (e.g., by lyophilization). In certain embodiments, the partially or completely dried MFBP can be reconstituted (e.g., by addition of water or an aqueous solution). In certain embodiments, aqueous solutions used to reconstitute the partially or completely dried MFBP can comprise agriculturally acceptable excipients and / or adjuvants. In certain embodiments, the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is at a concentration of any one of about 1%, 2%, or 3% vol / vol to any oneP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 29 of 79 of about 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 75%, 95%, or 99% vol / vol in the compositions and methods provided herein.

[0103] Vitamin Formulations (VITF). Vitamin formulations (VITF) comprising vitamin B12, where the vitamin B12 is cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methyl cobalamin, or mixtures thereof are also provided herein. In certain embodiments, vitamin B12 is obtained by microbial fermentation. Microbes which can be used to produce vitamin B12 include Pseudomonas denitrificans, Propionibacterium shermanii, Sinorhizobium meliloti , Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium (Fang et al. Microb Cell Fact.2017 Jan 30;16(1):15. doi: 10.1186 / s12934-017-0631-y).

[0104] VITF include both solid forms (e.g., dried) and liquid forms (e.g., aqueous or polar organic solution). In certain embodiments, the VITF comprise a buffering agent (e.g., a phosphate buffering agent) which provides for a pH of about 4.5 to about 7.5. In certain embodiments, VITF provided herein can comprise: (i) carrageenan and potassium acetate; and optionally a polymer (e.g., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof) and include formulations adapted from those disclosed in US Patent Application Pub. No. US20200268651, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; or (ii) butanol in concentrations of 0.1 to 10% (mass / volume or M / V), 0.5 to 7% (M / V), and 1 to 5% (M / V) and include formulations adapted from those disclosed in US Patent No.9,089,582. In certain embodiments, the VITF are prepared under long wavelength light and optionally under nitrogen.

[0105] In certain embodiments, the VITF is provided at a rate sufficient to increase methanotroph bioactivity by at least about 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 5-fold, or 10-fold in comparison to a control methanotroph environment contacted with a control composition lacking the vitamin formulation. In certain embodiments, the concentration of vitamin B12 in the VITF composition applied to the methanotroph environment is sufficient to provide the vitamin B12 to the methanotroph environment at a final concentration of about 15nM to about 375nM in the methanotroph environment. In certain embodiments, the concentration of vitamin B12 in the VITF composition applied to the methanotroph environment is sufficient to provide the vitamin B12 to the methanotroph environment at a final concentration of any one of about 15nM, 30nM, 60nM, or 70nM to any one of about 80nM, 160nM, 320nM, or 375nM in the methanotroph environment.

[0106] In certain embodiments, the vitamin B12 concentration in the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF is about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams per gram or per milliliter of the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF. In certain embodiments, the vitamin B12 concentration in the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF is any one of about 0.2, 0.5. or 1 micrograms toP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 30 of 79 any one of about 2, 5, 10, or 20 micrograms vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF. In certain embodiments, the vitamin B12 concentration in the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF is any one of about 20, 40 or 50 micrograms to about 100, 200, or 500 micrograms vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF. In certain embodiments, the vitamin B12 concentration in the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF is any one of about 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 milligrams to about 10, 20, or 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of the VITF or the compositions comprising the VITF.

[0107] In certain embodiments, a methanotrophic bacteria used in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions provided herein is a Type II (Alphaproteobacteria) strain that comprises a pMMO2 methane monooxygenase encoded by an operon comprising expression sequences for pMMO2 protein components PmoA2, PmoB2 and PmoC2. In certain embodiments, the Type II methanotroph is a Methylocystis species. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph used herein is a Methylocystis species selected from M. hirsuta, M. rosea and M. parvus. In certain embodiments a methanotroph used herein is a Methylocystis hirsuta isolate comprising PmoA2, PmoB2 and PmoC2 protein sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 76-78 or SEQ ID NOS: 79-81. In certain embodiments, a Methylocystis hirsuta strain comprises a pMMO2 monooxygenase having PmoA2, PmoB2 and PmoC2 proteins with sequences at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOS:76-78 or SEQ ID NOS: 79-81.

[0108] In certain embodiments a Methylocystis hirsuta isolate is selected from the group consisting of NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, variants thereof, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the Type II methanotroph is a Methylosinus species. In some embodiments, a Methylosinus species is NLS1563 or NLS1578. Also used herein are isolated methanotroph strains NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581. In certain embodiments the methanotrophic bacteria in the composition has the ability to mitigate methane directly by oxidation of methane by pMMO. In certain embodiments, Methylocystis hirsuta bacterial strains provided herein comprise sMMO proteins in addition to pMMO proteins. In certain embodiments, methanotrophic bacterial strains facilitate oxidation of CH4 into methanol (CH3OH) followed by the incorporation of that carbon into bacterial biomass, or its oxidation to CO2and H20.

[0109] In certain embodiments, methanotroph strains used in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions provided herein are Type I (Gammaproteobacter) strains. In certain embodiments, Type I methanotrophs are species of Methylomicrobium or Methylosarcina. In certain embodiments, a Methylomicrobium isolate comprises a PmoA protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:83 or SEQ ID NO:84. In certain embodiments, a Methylomicrobium isolateP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 31 of 79 comprises a PmoB protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86. In certain embodiments, a Methylomicrobium isolate comprises a PmoC protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:87 or SEQ ID NO:88. In certain embodiments, a Methylosarcina isolate comprises a PmoA protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91. In certain embodiments, a Methylosarcina isolate comprises a PmoB protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:92 or SEQ ID NO:93. In certain embodiments, a Methylosarcina isolate comprises a PmoC protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96.

[0110] In certain embodiments the methanotrophs are isolates of Methylomicrobium lacus or Methylosarcina fibrata. In certain embodiments, a Methylomicrobium lacus isolate is NLS1501. In certain embodiments a Methylosarcina fibrata isolate is NLS1504. In certain embodiments, methanotroph bacterial strains provided herein comprise sMMO proteins in addition to pMMO proteins. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph strain for use in the compositions and methods provided herein comprises a 16S encoding sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:118-120.

[0111] In certain embodiments, the methanotroph used in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions provided herein is NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, variants thereof, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph used in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions provided herein has the ability to use methane as a carbon source for growth.

[0112] Such methanotroph strains find use in the methods and / or in combination with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions described herein for mitigating methane production, for example in agricultural applications, including plant production in flooded fields, for reducing methane produced in animal production, such as cattle or dairy industries, or for reducing natural methane sources such as exist in wetlands or other natural water sources, (including but not limited to lakes, rivers, mangroves, marshes, bogs and streams), in geological sources, or in gases produced as the result of wildfires, wild animals, or insects. By reducing methane resulting from such practices or present in such sources, the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases can be reduced and decrease the potential for methane to have detrimental effects, particularly in contributing to global warming. In certain embodiments, methanotroph strains provided herein not only mitigate methane levels associated with agricultural crop production, but also provide additional benefits to a treated plant.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 32 of 79

[0113] Further provided are methods of improving production of plants (e.g., grain, biomass, or other yield) by contacting a methanotroph environment (e.g., a plant, plant part, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale) with a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally one or more Type II or Type I methanotroph strains provided herein. In certain embodiments, contacted plants are grown in a field, an irrigated or flooded field, hydroponically or in an aeroponic plant cultivation system. In certain embodiments, plants are grown in a methanotroph environment (e.g., field, an irrigated or flooded field, or in a hydroponic or in an aeroponic plant cultivation system) which has been contacted with the composition. Such plants can be without limitation, agricultural crop plants, including without limitation corn, soybean, rice, millet, canola, and wheat, fruits and vegetables, leafy green plants, herbs, ornamentals, turf grasses, golf grass, shrubs, and trees. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, variants thereof, or a combination thereof.

[0114] In certain embodiments, the contacted methanotroph environment is plant is a corn or rice plant or plant part or a field, an irrigated field, or flooded field or paddy. In certain embodiments, the optional methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, variants thereof, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the optional methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504 and NLS1508. In certain embodiments, production is improved by enhanced early growth of contacted plants or plants grown from contacted seeds in comparison to an uncontacted control plant or in comparison to a control plant grown from an uncontacted seed. Such enhanced early growth is measured, for example, by an increase in biomass of contacted plants, including increased shoot, leaf, root, or whole seedling biomass. Increased early growth can result in various improvements in plant production, including for example increased biomass production or yield of harvested plants, increased and / or more uniform fruit production, faster seed set, earlier maturation, increased rate of leaf growth, increased rate of root growth, increased seed yield, and decreased cycle time in comparison to an uncontacted control plant or in comparison to a control plant grown from an uncontacted seed. In certain embodiments, application of a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium strains as provided herein provides for a 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 17%, 20%, 30% or 40% increase in any of the aforementioned traits in comparison to an uncontacted control plant or in comparison to a control plant grown from an uncontacted seed. In certain embodiments, production is enhanced by increased rooting, for example of plant cuttings, where suchP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 33 of 79 increased rooting can result in decreased cycling time and / or increased biomass or yield of the contacted plants.

[0115] In certain embodiments of methods provided herein, a methanotroph environment comprising a pasture, wasteland or field is contacted with a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally an exogenous methanotroph and / orMethylobacterium. In certain embodiments of methods provided herein, treatment is done in a waste facility. In certain embodiments of method provided herein, the field is flooded or irrigated. In certain embodiments of the method provided herein, a plant seed is contacted. In certain other embodiments, a plant seedling or part thereof is contacted. In certain embodiments, a plant shoot or seedling is contacted.

[0116] In certain embodiments, a resident and / or exogenous methanotroph strain useful for methane mitigation or use in the methods and compositions provided herein comprises genetic elements encoding one or more of the PmoA, PmoB and PmoC proteins provided herein as SEQ ID NOS:76-96. In certain embodiments, a genetic element encoding a PmoA, PmoB and PmoC protein has a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NOS:97-117. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph strain useful for methane mitigation comprises a 16S sequence of SEQ ID NO:118-120.

[0117] In certain embodiments of compositions and methods provided herein, a combination of a MFBP and / or VITF composition and optionally an exogenous methanotroph strain and one or more methylotroph bacterial strains are employed to improve plant production and / or mitigate methane. In certain embodiments, useful methylotrophic bacterial strains are from a species selected from the group consisting of Methylobacterium, Methylorubrum, Hyphomicrobium, Methylophilus, Methylobacillus, Methylophaga, Aminobacter, Methylorhabdus, Methylopila, Methylosulfonomonas, Marinosulfonomonas, Paracoccus, Xanthobacter, Ancylobacter (also known as Microcyclus), Thiobacillus, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodobacter, Acetobacter, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Arthobacter, and Nocardia. In certain embodiments, methylotrophic bacteria in the compositions and methods provided herein are species of Methylobacterium or Methylorubrum. As shown herein, application to plants of compositions comprising methanotrophs and methylotrophs, such as Methylobacterium or Methylorubrum, results in methane mitigation and enhanced growth and yield of contacted plants.

[0118] In certain embodiments, a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally an exogenous methanotrophic and / or methylotrophic bacterial strains in compositions provided herein contribute to methane mitigation by impacting other microbial populations and / or the activity of other microbes in the plant environment, for example by enhancing growth and activity of resident methanotrophs present in an environment, or by decreasing activity or populations of methanogens present in the environment.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 34 of 79

[0119] Various methods of using a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally an exogenous methanotrophic and / or methylotrophic bacteria to mitigate methane, enhance early growth or rooting, improve propagation / transplant vigor, increase nutrient uptake, improve stand establishment, improve stress tolerance and / or increase a plant’s ability to uptake and / or utilize nutrients, such as nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, cobalt, copper, zinc, phosphorus, boron, iron and manganese in plants, such as leafy green plants, row crops, ornamentals, turf grasses, golf grasses, shrubs, cannabis and other specialty crops are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a MFBP and / or VITF composition and optionally an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium treatment of a row crop (e.g., contacting a methanotroph environment associated with the row crop including the plant, plant part, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale), including but not limited to corn, soybean, rice, millet, canola, and wheat, results in enhanced plant growth and yield. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph strain is NLS1501, NLS1504 or NLS1508 and / or a methylotroph strain used to obtain the MFBP is LGP2019 (NRRL B-67743), LGP2020 (NRRL-B- 67892) or NLS7725. In certain embodiment, a methylotroph is a species selected from the group consisting of M. radiotolerans, M. populi and M. extorquens. In certain embodiments, the methylotroph strain used in the methods and compositions provided herein is selected from the group consisting of LGP2002 (NRRL B-50931), LGP2003 (NRRL B-50932), LGP2004 (NRRL B-50933), LGP2009 (NRRL B-50938), LGP2015 (NRRL B-67340), LGP2016 (NRRL B-67341), LGP2017 (NRRL B- 67741), LGP2019 (NRRL B-67743), NLS0693 (NRRL B-67926), LGP2020 (NRRL-B-67892), and NLS7725. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph is NLS1508 and a methylotroph is LGP2019 (NRRL B-67743). In certain embodiments, a methanotroph is NLS1501 and a methylotroph is NLS7725. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph is NLS1501 and a methylotroph used to obtain the MFBP is LGP2020 (NRRL-B-67892). In certain embodiments, the contacted methanotroph environment and / or crop is a rice paddy and / or rice plant or plant part and the optional exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, variants thereof, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, a treatment (e.g., contacting a methanotroph environment) includes a methanotroph one or more Methylobacterium provided in Table 1A and / or Table 1B are used to obtain the MFBP. In certain embodiments, a treatment includes an MFBP and / or VITF composition and optionally an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium and one or more MFBP (e.g., an MFBP obtained from one or more Methylobacterium set forth in Table 1A and / or Table 1B). In certain embodiments, a MFBP and / or VITF composition and optionally an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium treatment (e.g., contacting) of soil, agriculture land, including a field or a flooded and irrigated field, a seed, a leaf, a stem, a root, or a shoot can enhance early growth,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 35 of 79 propagation / transplant vigor, stand establishment, and / or stress tolerance as well as or alternatively enhance nutrient use efficiency.

[0120] Alternatively, compositions comprising MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, and optionally one or more methylotroph strains are applied (e.g., used to contact) to soil or other growth medium where plants are grown. MFBP and / or VITF compositions which optionally further comprise one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium used in soil treatments or applications can include, but are not limited to, fields (e.g. flooded or irrigated fields), in-furrow applications (e.g., before, during, and / or after seed deposition), soil drenches, distribution of granular or other dried formulations to the soil (e.g., before, during, and / or after seed deposition or plant growth). Treatments for plants grown in hydroponic systems can include seed treatments prior to germination, foliar applications to germinated plants or parts thereof, and applications in a liquid solution used in the hydroponic system. In certain embodiments, treatment of a plant can include application to the seed, plant, and / or a part of the plant and can thus comprise treatment or application with any MFBP and / or VITF compositions which optionally further comprise one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium resulting in colonization of the plant by resident methanotrophs or the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium. In certain embodiments, application of MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs, exogenous Methylobacterium, and / or optionally one or more methylotrophs to crops that are propagated by cutting can enhance growth and / or rooting of such plants. Field transplants of such contacted and rooted cuttings may demonstrate decreased cycling time, and / or improved biomass and / or yield as a result of such treatments.

[0121] Treatments. Treatments or applications to plants (e.g., contacting the plants, plant parts, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale) described herein can include, but are not limited to, spraying, coating, partially coating, immersing, drenching, and / or imbibing the field, seed, plant or plant parts with the MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs, exogenous Methylobacterium, and / or one or more methylotrophs, or compositions comprising such methanotrophs, Methylobacterium, or methylotrophs.

[0122] In certain embodiments, soil, a seed, a leaf, a stem, a root, a tuber, or a shoot can be sprayed, immersed drenched and / or imbibed with a liquid, semi-liquid, emulsion, or slurry of a composition provided herein. In certain embodiments, MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium strains can be applied in furrow before,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 36 of 79 during, and / or after seed placement in the furrow and / or via a planter box, hopper box, juke box, pro- box or bulk seed container, or seed box.

[0123] In certain embodiments, MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium strains may be applied together or separately. In certain embodiments, MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotroph, and / or optionally methylotroph strains, are applied to multiple plant parts and / or at multiple stages of plant growth. In certain embodiments, MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methane oxidizing methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium described herein are applied as foliar sprays or seed treatments to row crops.

[0124] In certain embodiments, the crop is corn and a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are applied as a seed treatment.

[0125] In certain embodiments, the corn crop is grown under nitrogen limited conditions and the ability of the applied methanotroph to enhance nutrient uptake efficiency (NUE) is observed. In certain embodiments, corn seeds are contacted in a plant box application with MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally exogenous NLS1508.

[0126] Timing / Methods. In certain embodiments, the crop is rice, and plants are contacted with an initial foliar application of a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium at a flooded stage. In certain embodiments, foliar applications of a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are made when a rice paddy is at full flood stage. In certain embodiments, additional foliar applications of a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are made. In certain embodiments, a second foliar application of an MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium is made from 20-40 days following the initial application.

[0127] In certain embodiments, a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are also applied as a foliar spray prior to the booting stage of development (characterized by swelling of the flag leaf sheath caused by an increase in the size of the panicle). In certain embodiments, a foliar spray comprising a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium is applied 14 days prior to booting stage. In certain embodiments, an MFBP and / orP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 37 of 79 VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are applied initially as a foliar spray at full flood stage, followed by a second foliar application approximately 4-6 weeks later, for example around 30 days later.

[0128] In certain embodiments, a third foliar application of a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium is made not later than 14 days prior to booting stage. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph applied as a foliar spray to rice is NLS1501. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph and a methylotroph are applied to rice. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is applied as a foliar application and a methylotroph is applied as a seed treatment. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is NLS1501 and the methylotroph is LGP2019 (NRRL B-67743).

[0129] Methane Mitigation. Such treatments, applications, seed immersion, or imbibition can be sufficient to provide for mitigation of green-house gas emissions. Isolated methanotrophic bacteria (methanotrophs) herein oxidize methane, and can be formulated into compositions that can be used to mitigate methane in environments where methane is emitted or produced, such as in landfills, agricultural lands, wastewater treatment, wetlands, landfills, waste facilities, and dairy farms.

[0130] Fields, plants or harvested plant parts having mitigated methane in comparison to a control field, plant, or plant part are provided, as are methods for obtaining and using such plants and plant parts. In certain embodiments, the content of at least mitigated methane is decreased by at least about 0.1%, .5%, 1%, or 2% to about 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, or 30%.

[0131] Growth Metrics, Yield. Such treatments, applications, seed immersion, or imbibition can enhanced early growth and / or increased levels of one or more mineral nutrients and / or vitamins content in harvestable tissue from a contacted plant or plant grown from a contacted seed in comparison to an uncontacted plant or plant grown from an uncontacted seed.

[0132] Methanotrophic bacteria herein enhance early growth of plants, improve propagation / transplant vigor, increase nutrient uptake, improve stand establishment, improve stress tolerance, increase yield, and / or increase a plant’s ability to utilize nutrients. In some embodiments, methanotrophs herein provide for nitrogen fixation, and or enhance nitrogen use efficiency of a treated plant. In some embodiments, application of methanotrophs herein increases yield at harvest, for example increased harvested seed yield.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 38 of 79

[0133] Enhanced early growth can lead to further improvements in plant production including an increase in biomass of contacted plants, such as increased shoot, root, or whole seedling biomass. Enhanced early growth can result in various additional improvements in plant production, including for example increased yield of harvested plants or harvested plant parts, increased and / or more uniform fruit production, faster seed set, earlier maturation, increased rate of leaf growth, increased rate of root growth, increased seed yield, and decreased cycle time.

[0134] Treatments / Methods. In certain embodiments, plant seeds or cuttings can be immersed and / or imbibed for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 hours. Such immersion and / or imbibition can, in certain embodiments, be conducted at temperatures that are not deleterious to the plant seed or the methanotroph. In certain embodiments, the seeds can be contacted at about 15 to about 30 degrees Centigrade or at about 20 to about 25 degrees Centigrade. In certain embodiments, seed imbibition and / or immersion can be performed with gentle agitation. Seed treatments can be affected with both continuous and / or batch seed treaters. In certain embodiments, the coated seeds can be prepared by slurrying seeds with a coating composition comprising a methanotroph strain that increases the levels of one or more mineral nutrients and / or vitamins and air-drying the resulting product. Air-drying can be accomplished at any temperature that is not deleterious to the seed or the methanotroph but will typically not be greater than 30 degrees Centigrade. The proportion of coating that comprises the methanotroph strain includes, but is not limited to, a range of 0.1 to 25% by weight of the seed or other plant part, 0.5 to 5% by weight of the seed or other plant part, and 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of the seed or other plant part. In certain embodiments, a solid substance used in the seed coating or treatment will have a methanotroph strain that increases mineral nutrient and or vitamin content adhered to a solid substance as a result of being grown in biphasic media comprising the methanotroph strain, solid substance, and liquid media.

[0135] In certain embodiments where plant seeds are contacted with MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally one or more exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium compositions provided herein, the compositions further comprise one or more lubricants to ensure smooth flow and separation (singulation) of seeds in the seeding mechanism, for example a planter box. Lubricants for use in such compositions include talc, graphite, polyethylene wax-based powders (such as Fluency Agent), protein powders, for example soybean protein powders, or a combination of protein powders and a lipid, for example lecithin or vegetable oil. Lubricants can be applied to seeds simultaneously with application of a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally a methanotroph or may be mixed with a MFBP and / or VITF compositions and optionally a methanotroph prior to application of the compositions to the seeds.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 39 of 79

[0136] In certain embodiments, contacted plants are cultivated in a hydroponic system. In certain embodiments, plant seeds are contacted, and plants are grown from the contacted seeds continuously in the same cultivation system. In certain embodiments, plant seeds are contacted and cultivated in a hydroponic nursery to produce seedlings. The seedlings transferred to a different hydroponic system, for example for commercial production of leafy greens. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph strain that enhances early growth or increases the levels of one or more mineral nutrients and / or vitamins persists in the seedlings transferred to a greenhouse production system and continues to provide advantages such as improved micronutrient and / or vitamin content and / or biomass production, through the further growth of the leafy green plant. In certain embodiments, plant seedlings transferred to a greenhouse production system may be further contacted with LGP2009, LGP2022, LGP2023, LGP2021, LGP2033 or variants thereof, or with one or more other Methylobacterium strains that increase the levels of one or more mineral nutrients and / or vitamins prior to, during or after transfer to the production system.

[0137] Certain methanotrophs are present in soil samples that are collected from various sources (i.e., are resident), particularly rice fields. For example, NLS1501 is known to be present at a detectable level in soil samples (i.e., are resident), prior to the addition of an isolated exogenous NLS1501 sample. Even though the sample contains a detectable level of methanotroph, treating the soil or plants grown in the soil with a known titer of the exogenous methanotroph shows significant improvement in plant growth and / or reduction in methane release.

[0138] Strains. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph or Methylobacterium strain used to treat a given cultivar or variety of plant seed, plant or plant part can be a strain that was isolated from a different plant species, or a different cultivar or variety of the plant species being contacted and is thus heterologous or non-resident to the contacted plant or plant part.

[0139] In certain embodiments, a manufactured combination composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally one, two or more methanotroph strains or a combination of a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally one or more methanotroph strains with one or more Methylobacterium strains can be used to treat a field, seed or plant part in any of the methods provided herein. Such manufactured combination compositions can be made by methods that include harvesting monocultures of each strain and mixing the harvested monocultures to obtain the manufactured combination composition. In certain embodiments, the manufactured combination composition of one or more methanotrophs and optionally one or more Methylobacterium strains can comprise a methanotroph and Methylobacterium strains isolated from different plant species or from different cultivars or varieties of a given plant.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 40 of 79

[0140] In certain embodiments, a manufactured combination composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally one or more methanotroph strains and a second biological can be used to treat a field, seed or plant part in any of the methods provided herein. Such manufactured combination compositions can be made by methods that include harvesting monocultures of each strain and mixing the harvested monocultures to obtain the manufactured combination composition of methanotrophs. In certain embodiments, the manufactured combination composition of a methanotroph and the second biological can comprise isolates from different plant species or from different cultivars or varieties of a given plant. In certain embodiments, a manufactured combination composition comprising one or more methanotroph strains and a Methylobacterium can be used to treat a field, seed or plant part in any of the methods provided herein.

[0141] In certain embodiments, an effective amount of the exogenous methanotroph or Methylobacterium strain or strains used in treatment of plants, seeds or plant parts is a composition having a titer of at least about 1x106colony-forming units per milliliter, at least about 5x106colony- forming units per milliliter, at least about 1x107colony-forming units per milliliter, at least about 5 x 108colony-forming units per milliliter, at least about 1 x 109colony-forming units per milliliter, at least about 1 x 1010colony-forming units per milliliter, or at least about 3 x 1010colony-forming units per milliliter. In certain embodiments, an effective amount of the strain or strains is a composition with the exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium at a titer of about least about 1x106colony-forming units per milliliter, at least about 5x106colony-forming units per milliliter, at least about 1x107colony-forming units per milliliter, or at least about 5 x 108colony-forming units per milliliter to at least about 6 x 1010colony-forming units per milliliter of a liquid or an emulsion. In certain embodiments, an effective amount of the exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium strain or strains is a composition with the methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium is at least about 1x106colony-forming units per gram, at least about 5x106colony-forming units per gram, at least about 1x107colony-forming units per gram, or at least about 5 x 108colony-forming units per gram to at least about 6 x 1010colony-forming units of methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium per gram of the composition. In certain embodiments, an effective amount of a composition provided herein can be a composition with an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium titer of at least about 1x106colony-forming units per gram, at least about 5x106colony-forming units per gram, at least about 1x107colony-forming units per gram, or at least about 5x108colony-forming units per gram to at least about 6x1010colony-forming units of methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium per gram of particles in the composition containing the particles that comprise a solid substance wherein a mono-culture or co- culture of methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium strain or strains is adhered thereto. In certain embodiments, an effective amount of a composition provided herein to a plant or plant part can be aP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 41 of 79 composition with a methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium titer of at least about 1x106colony-forming units per mL, at least about 5x106colony-forming units per mL, at least about 1x107colony-forming units per mL, or at least about 5 x 108colony-forming units per mL to at least about 6 x 1010colony- forming units of methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium per mL in a composition comprising an emulsion wherein a mono-culture or co-culture of a methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium strain or strains adhered to a solid substance is provided therein or grown therein. In certain embodiments, an effective amount of a composition provided herein can be a composition with a methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium titer of at least about 1x106colony-forming units per mL, at least about 5x106colony- forming units per mL, at least about 1x107colony-forming units per mL, or at least about 5 x 108colony- forming units per mL to at least about 6 x 1010colony-forming units of methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium per mL in a composition comprising an emulsion wherein a mono-culture or co- culture of a methanotroph and / or Methylobacterium strain or strains is provided therein or grown therein. Where a second biological, such as a Methylobacterium strain is present in the composition, the second biological will be present at similar titers as noted above for methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium.

[0142] In certain embodiments, an effective amount of an exogenous methanotroph strain or strains that provides for mitigation of green-house gas emissions is at least about 103, 104, 105, or 106CFU per seed or contacted plant part. In certain embodiments, an effective amount of exogenous methanotroph provided in a treatment of a seed or plant part is at least about 103, 104, 105, or 106CFU to about 107, 108, 109, or 1010CFU per seed or contacted plant part. In certain embodiments, the effective amount of exogenous methanotroph provided in a treatment of a seed or plant part is an amount where the CFU per seed or contacted plant part will exceed the number of CFU of any resident naturally occurring methanotroph strain by at least 5-, 10-, 100-, or 1000-fold. In certain embodiments, the effective amount of methanotroph provided in a treatment of a seed or plant part is an amount where the CFU per seed or contacted plant part will exceed the number of CFU of any resident naturally occurring (e.g., resident) methanotroph by at least 2-, 3-, 5-, 8-, 10-, 20-, 50-, 100-, or 1000-fold. In certain embodiments where the contacted plant is cultivated in a hydroponic system, populations of naturally occurring methanotroph or other soil microbes will be minimal.

[0143] Non-limiting examples of Methylobacterium and methanotroph strains that can be used in methods provided herein are disclosed in Table 1A and Table 1B. Other Methylobacterium strains useful in certain methods provided herein include variants of the Methylobacterium strains disclosed in Table 1A. Methylobacterium strains disclosed in Table 1A and variants thereof can be used to obtain a MFBP and / or used to contact a methanotroph environment. Also of use are various combinations of two orP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 42 of 79 more strains or variants of Methylobacterium strains disclosed in Table 1A to obtain a MFBP, to contact a methanotroph environment, and / or for treatment of plants or parts thereof.

[0144] Variants of a Methylobacterium or methanotroph isolate listed in Table 1A and Table 1B include isolates obtained therefrom by genetic transformation, mutagenesis and / or insertion of a heterologous sequence. In certain embodiments, such variants are identified by the presence of chromosomal genomic DNA with at least 99%, 99.9, 99.8, 99.7, 99.6%, or 99.5% sequence identity to chromosomal genomic DNA of the strain from which it was derived.

[0145] In certain embodiments of the methods provided herein, the Methylobacterium strain or methanotroph strain or strains used to treat a plant seed and / or a plant part are selected from the group consisting of LGP2000 (NRRL B-50929), LGP2001 (NRRL B-50930), LGP2002 (NRRL B-50931), LGP2003 (NRRL B-50932), LGP2004 (NRRL B-50933), LGP2005 (NRRL B-50934), LGP2006 (NRRL B-50935), LGP2007 (NRRL B-50936), LGP2008 (NRRL B-50937), LGP2009 (NRRL B- 50938), LGP2010 (NRRL B-50939), LGP2011 (NRRL B-50940), LGP2012 (NRRL B-50941), LGP2013 (NRRL B-50942), LGP2014 (NRRL B-67339), LGP2015 (NRRL B-67340), LGP2016 (NRRL B-67341), LGP2017 (NRRL B-67741), LGP2018 (NRRL B-67742), LGP2019 (NRRL B- 67743), NLS0497 (NRRL B-67925), NLS0693 (NRRL B-67926), NLS1179 (NRRL B-67929), LGP2167 (NRRL B-67927), LGP2020 (NRRL B-67892), LGP2021 (NRRL-B-68032), LGP2022 (NRRL-B-68033), LGP2023 (NRRL-B-68034), LGP2028 (NRRL B-68064), LGP2029 (NRRL B- 68065), LGP2030 (NRRL B-68066), LGP2031 (NRRL B-68067), LGP2033 (NRRL B-68068), LGP2034 (NRRL B-68069), NLS0665 (NRRL-B-68194), NLS0729 (NRRL-B-68195), NLS0672 (NRRL-B-68196), NLS0754 (NRRL-B-68197), NLS0049 (NRRL-B-68236), NLS0591 (NRRL-B- 68215), NLS0439 (NRRL-B-68216), NLS1310 (NRRL-B-68217), NLS1312 (NRRL-B-68218), NLS0612 (NRRL-B-68237), NLS0706 (NRRL-B-68238), NLS0725 (NRRL-B-68239), NLS7725, NLS0770 (NRRL-B-68075), NLS0737 (NRRL-B-68074), NLS5278 (NRRL-B-68186), NLS5334 (NRRL-B-68187), NLS5480 (NRRL-B-68188), NLS5549 (NRRL-B-68189), NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, variants thereof, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, one or more of the Methylobacterium strains used in the methods can comprise total genomic DNA (chromosomal and plasmid DNA) or average nucleotide identity (ANI) with at least 99%, 99.9, 99.8, 99.7, 99.6%, or 99.5% sequence identity or ANI to total genomic DNA of LGP2000 (NRRL B-50929), LGP2001 (NRRL B-50930), LGP2002 (NRRL B-50931), LGP2003 (NRRL B-50932), LGP2004 (NRRL B- 50933), LGP2005 (NRRL B-50934), LGP2006 (NRRL B-50935), LGP2007 (NRRL B-50936), LGP2008 (NRRL B-50937), LGP2009 (NRRL B-50938), LGP2010 (NRRL B-50939), LGP2011P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 43 of 79 (NRRL B-50940), LGP2012 (NRRL B-50941), LGP2013 (NRRL B-50942), LGP2014 (NRRL B- 67339), LGP2015 (NRRL B-67340), LGP2016 (NRRL B-67341), LGP2017 (NRRL B-67741), LGP2018 (NRRL B-67742), LGP2019 (NRRL B-67743), NLS0497 (NRRL B-67925), NLS0693 (NRRL B-67926), NLS1179 (NRRL B-67929), LGP2167 (NRRL B-67927), LGP2020 (NRRL B- 67892), LGP2021 (NRRL-B-68032), LGP2022 (NRRL-B-68033), LGP2023 (NRRL-B-68034), LGP2028 (NRRL B-68064), LGP2029 (NRRL B-68065), LGP2030 (NRRL B-68066), LGP2031 (NRRL B-68067), LGP2033 (NRRL B-68068), LGP2034 (NRRL B-68069), NLS0665 (NRRL-B- 68194), NLS0729 (NRRL-B-68195), NLS0672 (NRRL-B-68196), NLS0754 (NRRL-B-68197), NLS0049 (NRRL-B-68236), NLS0591 (NRRL-B-68215), NLS0439 (NRRL-B-68216), NLS1310 (NRRL-B-68217), NLS1312 (NRRL-B-68218), NLS0612 (NRRL-B-68237), NLS0706 (NRRL B- 68238), NLS0725 (NRRL-B-68239), NLS0770 (NRRL-B-68075), NLS0737 (NRRL-B-68074), NLS5278 (NRRL-B-68186), NLS5334 (NRRL-B-68187), NLS5480 (NRRL-B-68188), or NLS5549 (NRRL-B-68189). In certain embodiments, one or more of the methanotroph strains used in the methods can comprise total genomic DNA (chromosomal and plasmid DNA) or average nucleotide identity (ANI) with at least 99%, 99.9, 99.8, 99.7, 99.6%, or 99.5% sequence identity or ANI to total genomic DNA of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581. In certain embodiments, the percent ANI can be determined as disclosed by Konstantinidis et al., 2006. In certain embodiments of the methods provided herein, a methanotroph strain or strains used to treat soil, water, a plant, a seed and / or a plant part is NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581.

[0146] In certain embodiments, the Methylobacterium, methylotroph, or methanotroph strains of Table 1A and Table 1B and variants and / or derivatives thereof used in the methods and compositions disclosed herein can comprise unique identifying genomic DNA fragments, proteins, and / or DNA molecules encoding those proteins. In certain embodiments, the Methylobacterium strains, variants thereof, or derivatives thereof can comprise a unique DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31-75 (e.g., as set forth in Table 19). In certain embodiments, the Methylobacterium strains, variants thereof, or derivatives thereof can comprise proteins correlated with enhancing growth of rice seedlings from specific Methylobacterium strains which include SEQ ID NOs: 24-30 and SEQ ID NOs: 123-128. In certain embodiments, the Methanotroph strains, variants thereof, or derivatives thereof can comprise proteins of SEQ ID NO: 76 to 96, or 133-135 (e.g., as set forth in Table 13) or protein sequences having at least 95%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto. In certain embodiments, the Methanotroph strains, variants thereof, or derivatives thereof can comprise DNA molecules of SEQ ID NO: 97-117 (e.g., as set forthP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 44 of 79 in Table 13). In certain embodiments or DNA sequences having at least 95%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity thereto.

[0147] In certain embodiments, the Methylobacterium, methylotroph, or methanotroph strains of Table 1A and Table 1B and variants and or derivatives thereof used in the methods and compositions disclosed herein can comprises a 16S ribosomal RNA encoding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118 (e.g., for NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, and variants and derivatives thereof), SEQ ID NO: 119 (e.g., for NLS1501, variants thereof, and derivatives thereof), SEQ ID NO: 120 (e.g., for NLS1504, variants thereof, and derivatives thereof), or SEQ ID NO: 121 (e.g., for LGP2020, variants thereof, and derivatives thereof). In certain embodiments, the NLS7725 methylotroph strain of Table 1A and Table 1B and variants and or derivatives thereof used in the methods and compositions disclosed herein can comprise the partial 16S ribosomal RNA encoding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 122.

[0148] Additional Embodiments

[0149] Provided herein are methods for increasing methanotroph bioactivity in a methanotroph environment comprising contacting a methanotroph environment with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product (MFBP) and / or a vitamin formulation (VITF) comprising vitamin B12, wherein the vitamin B12 is cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methyl cobalamin, or mixtures thereof.

[0150] Also provided herein are plant parts which are at least partially coated with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is substantially Methylobacterium cell-free, essentially Methylobacterium cell-free, or Methylobacterium cell-free.

[0151] Also provided herein are methods of formulating a composition comprising concentrating a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product or fraction thereof which is at least substantially free, essentially free, or free of Methylobacterium to obtain a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate.

[0152] Also provided herein are compositions comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product which is at least substantially free, essentially free, or free of the Methylobacterium which produced the product wherein the composition is adapted for treatment of a methanotroph environment. Use of such compositions to treat a methanotroph environment is also provided.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 45 of 79

[0153] In certain embodiments, methanotroph strains that are resident in a methanotroph environment and / or exogenously provided and used in the methods and compositions provided herein are species from a bacterial genus selected from the group consisting of Methyloacidimicrobium, Methyloacidiplilum, Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, Methylocapsa, Methylocella, Methylococcus, Methylocystis, Methyloferula, Methylogaea, Methyloglobus, Methylohalobius, Methylomagnum, Methylomarinum, Methylomicrobium, Methylomonas, Methyloparacoccus, Methyloperedens, Methyloprofundus, Methylosarcina, Methylosinus, Methylosoma, Methylosphaera, Methylothermus, and Methylovulum. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph provided herein is a Methylocystis species selected from M. hirsuta, M. rosea and M. parvus. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph can be isolated from methanotrophs and other microorganisms in a methanotroph environment, grown in an axenic culture, and reintroduced as an exogenous methanotroph into the methanotroph environment it was isolated from or into a similar methanotroph environment containing resident methanotrophs which are identical or similar to the exogenous methanotroph.

[0154] In certain embodiments, methanotroph strains that are resident in a methanotroph environment and / or exogenously provided and used in the methods and compositions provided herein are Type II (Alphaproteobacteria) strains that comprise a pMMO2 methane monooxygenase encoded by an operon comprising expression sequences for pMMO2 protein components PmoA2, PmoB2 and PmoC2. In certain embodiments, the Type II methanotroph is a Methylocystis species or Methylosinus sp. In certain embodiments a methanotroph provided herein is a Methylocystis hirsuta isolate and PmoA2, PmoB2 and PmoC2 have protein sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 76-78 or SEQ ID NOS: 79-81. In certain embodiments, a Methylocystis hirsuta strain provided herein comprises a pMMO2 monooxygenase having PmoA2, PmoB2 and PmoC2 proteins with sequences at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOS:76-78 or SEQ ID NOS: 79-81. In certain embodiments, a Methylocystis hirsuta strain is selected from the group consisting of NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581 and variants thereof. In certain embodiments, Methylocystis hirsuta bacterial strains provided herein comprise sMMO proteins in addition to pMMO proteins. In some embodiments, a Methylocystis sp. strain is selected from NLS1561 (NRRL B-68319), NLS1564 (NRRL B-68321), and NLS1581 (NRRL B-68323). In some embodiments, a Methylosinus sp. is NLS1563 (NRRL B-68320) or NLS1578 (NRRL B-68322).

[0155] In certain embodiments, methanotroph strains that are resident in a methanotroph environment and / or exogenously provided and used in the methods and compositions provided herein are Type I (Gammaproteobacter) strains. In certain embodiments, the Type I methanotrophs are species of Methylomicrobium or Methylosarcina. In certain embodiments, the Methylomicrobium comprise aP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 46 of 79 PmoA protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:83 or SEQ ID NO:84. In certain embodiments, the Methylomicrobium comprise a PmoB protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86. In certain embodiments, the Methylomicrobium comprises a PmoC protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:87 or SEQ ID NO:88. In certain embodiments, the Methylosarcina comprise a PmoA protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91. In certain embodiments, the Methylosarcina comprise a PmoB protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:92 or SEQ ID NO:93. In certain embodiments, the Methylosarcina comprises a PmoC protein at least 97, 98 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96. In certain embodiments the methanotrophs are Methylomicrobium lacus or Methylosarcina fibrata. In certain embodiments, the Methylomicrobium lacus is NLS1501. In certain embodiments the Methylosarcina fibrata isolate is NLS1504. In certain embodiments, methanotroph bacterial strains provided herein comprise sMMO proteins in addition to pMMO proteins. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph strain that are resident in a methanotroph environment and / or exogenously provided and used in the compositions and methods provided herein comprises a 16S encoding sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:118-120.

[0156] Also provided herein are methods of using MFBP and / or VITF compositions with methanotroph strains that are resident in a methanotroph environment and / or exogenously provided to improve plant growth resulting in increased biomass and yield and / or to mitigate methane production. In certain embodiments, the resident and / or exogenously provided methanotroph that improves plant growth and yield is selected from the group consisting of a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species and a Methylosarcina species. In some embodiments, the exogenously provided methanotroph (e.g., that enhances plant growth and yield and / or mitigates methane production) is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581. In certain embodiments, the exogenously provided methanotroph that enhances plant growth and yield is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504 and NLS1508. In certain embodiments, the resident and / or exogenously provided methanotrophs improve plant growth and production by fixing nitrogen as the result of the presence and expression of core nif genes in the methanotroph genome. In certain embodiments, the increased availability of nitrogen to the plant results in growth promotion and increased plant size and yield and provides for enhanced growth even when limiting levels of nitrogen fertilizer are applied to the plant. In certain embodiments, the exogenously provided methanotroph that improves plant production by fixing nitrogen is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, and NLS1512.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 47 of 79

[0157] In certain embodiments, a methylotroph strain used to contact a methanotroph environment and / or to obtain the MFBP used in the methods and compositions provided herein is a methylotroph (e.g. Methylobacterium) set forth in Table 1A, a variant thereof, or a derivative thereof. In certain embodiments, a methylotroph strain for use contacting a methanotroph environment and / or in providing a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product (MFBP) used in the compositions and methods provided herein comprises a 16S encoding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 121-122. In certain embodiments the methylotroph used to contact a methanotroph environment and / or to provide a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product (MFBP) is M. radiotolerans strain LGP2020 (NRRL-B-67892) or M. populi strain NLS7725. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph strain is used in the methods and compositions is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581; and a methylotroph strain used to contact a methanotroph environment and / or to provide a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product (MFBP)is selected from the group consisting of LGP2000 (NRRL B-50929), LGP2001 (NRRL B-50930), LGP2002 (NRRL B-50931), LGP2003 (NRRL B-50932), LGP2004 (NRRL B-50933), LGP2005 (NRRL B-50934), LGP2006 (NRRL B-50935), LGP2007 (NRRL B- 50936), LGP2008 (NRRL B-50937), LGP2009 (NRRL B-50938), LGP2010 (NRRL B-50939), LGP2011 (NRRL B-50940), LGP2012 (NRRL B-50941), LGP2013 (NRRL B-50942), LGP2014 (NRRL B-67339), LGP2015 (NRRL B-67340), LGP2016 (NRRL B-67341), LGP2017 (NRRL B- 67741), LGP2018 (NRRL B-67742), LGP2019 (NRRL B-67743), NLS0497 (NRRL B-67925), NLS0693 (NRRL B-67926), NLS1179 (NRRL B-67929), LGP2167 (NRRL B-67927), LGP2020 (NRRL-B-67892), LGP2021 (NRRL-B-68032), LGP2022 (NRRL-B-68033), LGP2023 (NRRL-B- 68034), LGP2028 (NRRL B-68064), LGP2029 (NRRL B-68065), LGP2030 (NRRL B-68066), LGP2031 (NRRL B-68067), LGP2033 (NRRL B-68068), LGP2034 (NRRL B-68069), NLS0665 (NRRL B-68194), NLS0754 (NRRL B-68197), NLS0672 (NRRL B-68196), NLS0729 (NRRL B- 68195), NLS0049 (NRRL-B-68236), NLS0591 (NRRL-B-68215), NLS0439 (NRRL-B-68216), NLS1310 (NRRL-B-68217), NLS1312 (NRRL-B-68218), NLS0612 (NRRL-B-68237), NLS0706 (NRRL-B-68238), NLS0725 (NRRL-B-68239), NLS0770 (NRRL-B-68075), NLS0737 (NRRL-B- 68074), NLS5278 (NRRL-B-68186), NLS5334 (NRRL-B-68187), NLS5480 (NRRL-B-68188), NLS5549 (NRRL-B-68189), NLS7725, and variants thereof. In certain embodiments, a variant of an additional Methylobacterium is identified by the presence of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 33-75. In certain embodiment, the methylotroph used to contact a methanotroph environment and / or to obtain the MFBP is a species selected from the group consisting of M. radiotolerans, M. populi and M. extorquens. In certain embodiments, a methylotroph strain used to contact a methanotroph environment and / or to obtain the MFBP used in the methods and compositions provided herein is selected from the groupP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 48 of 79 consisting of LGP2002 (NRRL B-50931), LGP2003 (NRRL B-50932), LGP2004 (NRRL B-50933), LGP2009 (NRRL B-50938), LGP2015 (NRRL B-67340), LGP2016 (NRRL B-67341), LGP2017 (NRRL B-67741), LGP2019 (NRRL B-67743), NLS0693 (NRRL B-67926), LGP2020 (NRRL-B- 67892), and NLS7725. In certain embodiments, a methylotrophs (e.g. Methylobacterium) can be isolated from methylotrophs and other microorganisms in a methanotroph environment, grown in an axenic culture, and reintroduced as an exogenous methylotrophs (e.g. Methylobacterium) into the methanotroph environment it was isolated from or into a similar methanotroph environment containing resident methylotrophs which are identical or similar to the exogenous methylotroph.

[0158] Methods of mitigating methane production and / or increasing methanotroph bioactivity using compositions comprising MFBP and / or VITF in combination with resident and / or exogenously provided methanotrophs and / or methylotrophs (e.g., Methylobacterium) are provided herein. Methane mitigation methods provided herein include methods to decrease methane levels by reducing methane emissions or by enhancing removal of methane from sources of the gas from methanotroph environments. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph environments include; (i) an irrigated field, a pasture, a wetland, a wastewater treatment location, or a landfill; (ii) a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale; and / or (iii) the digestive system of a ruminant livestock, and / or a livestock manure production or storage location. In one embodiment, a method for mitigating methane gas production and / or increasing methanotroph bioactivity in an agricultural field comprises applying a MFBP and / or VITF composition to a field, plant, plant part or seed, optionally wherein the method can further comprise providing comprises at least one exogenous methanotroph (e.g., a methanotroph selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, a variant thereof, or a derivative thereof). In certain embodiments, a composition applied in such methods uses an MFBP obtained from a Methylobacterium provided in Table 1A, a variant thereof, or a derivative thereof. In certain embodiments, growth of a methanotroph (e.g., an increase in methanotroph bioactivity) results in utilization of methane as a carbon source. In this manner, methane is oxidized and methane emissions from an agricultural field or other methane source are reduced. In certain embodiments, one or more composition(s) comprising a MFBP and / or VITF, and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, is / are applied either together or separately to an irrigated field, a flooded field, or a field that will be irrigated or will become flooded. In certain embodiments, the composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF, and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, are applied either together or separately to a rice plant, plant part or seed or to soil and / or a paddy where the rice plant, plant part or seed is growing and / or will be grown. In certainP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 49 of 79 embodiments, the composition comprising a comprising a MFBP and / or VITF, and optionally one or more exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, is applied either together or separately to a flooded or irrigated rice field. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph strain is NLS1501, NLS1504 or NLS1508. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is NLS1501.

[0159] In certain embodiments, a method for mitigating methane and / or increasing methanotroph bioactivity comprises treating a methanotroph environment (e.g., pasture, wasteland, a landfill, paddy, or waste) with a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF, and optionally, at least one exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium; and growing the resident and / or exogenous methanotroph(s), in the methanotroph environment (e.g., pasture, wasteland, a landfill or waste) thereby mitigating methane. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, and variants thereof. In certain embodiments, a methanotroph strain is NLS1501, NLS1504 or NLS1508 and a methylotroph strain is LGP2020 (NRRL- B-67892) or NLS7725.

[0160] In certain embodiments, a method for mitigating methane and / or increasing methanotroph bioactivity comprises mitigation of methane production by livestock (e.g., ruminants including cattle, buffalo, sheep, or goats). In certain embodiments, the methods comprise contacting a methanotroph environment including land where ruminants (e.g., cattle, buffalo, sheep, or goats) feed or will feed or ruminant feed (e.g., hay, silage, grain mixtures, protein supplements, and mixtures thereof) with a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally an exogenously provided methanotroph. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph strain is NLS1501, NLS1504 or NLS1508.

[0161] Methods for reducing methane emissions from a methane emitting source (e.g., a methanotroph environment comprising active methanogens) and / or for increasing methanotroph bioactivity are also disclosed. These methods comprise applying a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF and optionally, an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, to the methane emitting source. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, and variants thereof.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 50 of 79

[0162] In certain embodiments, a method for mitigating methane production and / or increasing methanotroph bioactivity comprises reducing methane concentration in a methane-containing media (e.g., manure or livestock waste) or fluid (e.g., any methane-containing gas or liquid such as methane- contaminated groundwater), the method comprising applying a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF to the media or fluid, optionally wherein an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium is applied prior to, during, and / or after the composition is applied. In certain embodiments, the applied composition further comprises a exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium. In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, and NLS1512, , NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581,and variants thereof. In certain embodiments, a MFBP is obtained from one or more of the Methylobacterium strains provided in Table 1A.

[0163] In certain embodiments, a method for increasing methanotroph bioactivity and / or mitigating methane comprises reducing methane emissions (e.g., in a landfill or a livestock manure production or storage location), the method comprising applying a first coating of a composition comprising a MFBP and / or VITF, and optionally an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, to a first layer of material (e.g., overburden / soil, manure, or waste); at least partially covering the first layer and first coating with a second layer of material (e.g., overburden / soil, manure, or additional waste); applying a second coating of the composition comprising the a MFBP and / or VITF, and optionally at least one exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, to a second layer; and growing resident and / or exogenous methanotroph(s). In certain embodiments, the methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, NLS1581, and variants thereof.

[0164] EXAMPLES

[0165] The following examples are given for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes of the present invention. Example 1 Effect of cell-free supernatants of PPFM strains on growth of methanotrophs

[0166] The effect of cell-free supernatants of PPFM strains on growth of methanotroph bacterial strains was examined using axenic methanotroph cultures grown on methane. Cell-free PPFM supernatants were prepared by growing bacterial strains in nitrate mineral salts (NMS) liquid media (Table 2), with 0.05% vol / vol MeOH to an optical density at 650 nm (OD650) of between 0.05 and 0.2. Cells wereP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 51 of 79 pelleted by centrifugation at 5,000 x g for 20 minutes. The liquid phase (supernatant) was collected and filter sterilized by passage through a 0.2 um polyethersulfone filter. Table 2. NMS Mediam u 2 s oc m Table 3. Trace minerals solutiona2oO4∙2O 50 mg

[0167] Methanotrophs were grown in NMS liquid media to an OD650 of between 0.05 and 0.1. Triplicate cultures for each treatment were set-up by preparing fresh media, with or without PPFM supernatant or vitamins (100x vitamin solution shown below) depending on the treatment being tested. Media was inoculated with the methanotroph culture to achieve a starting cell density of approximately 1x105methanotroph cells per ml. Cultures were incubated at 22C in an atmosphere containing 15% methane gas for up to three weeks. Samples were collected for OD650 measurements to assess methanotroph growth every 2-3 days.

[0168] 100x vitamin solution recipe • 900 ml Milli-Q H2O • 2 mg biotin • 2 mg folic acidP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 52 of 79 • 5 mg thiamine HCl • 5 mg calcium pantothenate • 0.1 mg vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) • 5 mg riboflavin • 5 mg nicotinamide • Bring total volume up to 1 liter with Milli-Q H2O • Filter sterilize (0.2 uM PES filter)

[0169] Methanotroph growth was confirmed using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting subunit A (pmoA) of the particulate methane monooxygenase (Table 4; McDonald IR et al.2008. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.74:1305–1315. Terminal cultures were plated on selective media to confirm lack of PPFM contamination. Table 4. pmoA PCR primers to detect methanotrophs

[0170] Results of experiments are shown in the tables below. The effect of supernatant from growth of PPFM strain LGP2020 (NRRL B-67892) on the growth of methanotroph strain NLS1501 (NRRL B- 68261) on methane when included in NMS media at 1% or 10% vol / vol is shown in Tables 5 and 6. NLS1501 did not grow without LGP2020 (NLS00610) supernatant and grew better when supernatant was at a 10% rate compared to a 1% rate. TABLE 5.supernaan . + / - . + / - . . + / - . . + / - . Mean optical density (OD650) + / - standard deviation TABLE 6.supernaan . + / - . + / - . . + / - . . + / - . Mean optical density (OD650) + / - standard deviationP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 53 of 79

[0171] The effect of supernatant from growth of PPFM strain LGP2020 (NLS00610) or LGP2004 (NLS0089), on the growth of NLS1504 on methane when vitamins are included or omitted from the media is shown in Table 7. NLS1504 grew better with PPFM supernatant in the media, but only when the media did not contain vitamins. TABLE 7.supernaan . / - . / - . . . . . Mean optical density (OD650) + / - standard deviation Example 2.

[0172] Effects of cell-free supernatants of PPFM strains on native methanotroph and methanogen populations in rice paddy soil were examined using the plant free rice paddy soil pot assay. Cell-free PPFM supernatants were prepared as described in Example 1.

[0173] Rice paddy soil pot assays were conducted as follows. Pots containing the following components were prepared: 1 kg rice paddy soil, containing its native microbiota, 12.5 g alfalfa hay, and 700 ml distilled H2O. The pots were incubated in the greenhouse for two weeks to establish an active, methane- generating, fermentation. On day 14, soil core samples were collected for baseline measurements of key microbial populations, prior to applying cell-free PPFM supernatant (1% vol / vol). Soil cores were collected at various timepoints after treatments were applied to investigate the effects of the experimental interventions on methanotrophs and methanogens. Methanotroph populations were monitored using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that targets subunit A (pmoA) of the particulate methane monooxygenase (Table 4). Methanogen populations were monitored using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that targets mcrA, the gene for the alpha-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase (Table 8).P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 54 of 79 Table 8. mcrA PCR primers to detect methanogensmcr -revSteinberg, L. M., and J. M. Regan.2008. Phylogenetic comparison of the methanogenic communities from an acidic, oligotrophic fen and an anaerobic digester treating municipal wastewater sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.74:6663-6671

[0174] Results are shown in the tables below. Table 9 demonstrates that PPFM supernatants increased methanotroph populations in rice paddy soil at 1 week post application. TABLE 9.Median increase in pmoA gene copies from day 0 (before application) to day 7 post application Table 10. demonstrates that PPFM supernatants increased methanotroph populations in rice paddy soil at 1 and 2 weeks post application.. . Median increase in pmoA gene copies from day 0 (before application) to days 7 and 14 post application

[0175] Table 11 demonstrates that there were relatively more methanotrophs per methanogen in PPFM supernatant treated pots at days 7 and 14 post application compared to untreated (UTC) pots. TABLE 11.. + / - . . + / - . . + / - . Mean ratio of methanotrophs (pmoA) to methanogens (mcrA) + / - standard deviationP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 55 of 79 Example 3: Effect of cell-free supernatants of PPFM strains on growth of methanotroph bacterial strains, in the presence of individual vitamins

[0176] The effect of cell-free supernatants of PPFM strains, in the presence of individual vitamins, on growth of methanotroph bacterial strains was examined using axenic methanotroph cultures grown on methane. Cell-free supernatants of PPFM strain LGP2020 were prepared by growing the strain in nitrate mineral salts (NMS) liquid media (Table 2), with 0.05% vol / vol MeOH to an optical density at 650 nm (OD650) of between 0.05 and 0.2. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 5,000 x g for 20 minutes. The liquid phase (supernatant) was collected and filter sterilized by passage through a 0.2 um polyethersulfone filter.

[0177] Methanotroph NLS1504 was grown in NMS liquid media to an OD650 of between 0.05 and 0.1. Triplicate cultures for each treatment were set-up by preparing fresh media, with or without PPFM supernatant or vitamins (100x vitamin solution shown below) depending on the treatment being tested. Media was inoculated with the methanotroph culture to achieve a starting cell density of approximately 1x105methanotroph cells per ml. Cultures were incubated at 22C in an atmosphere containing 15% methane gas for 15 days. Samples were collected for OD650 measurements to assess methanotroph growth every 2-3 days.

[0178] Vitamins tested: • Biotin (B7) @ 8.19 x 101nM • Folic acid (B9) @ 4.53 x 101nM • Thiamine HCl (B1) @ 1.48 x 102nM • Calcium pantothenate (B5) @ 2.10 x 102nM • Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) @ 0.738 nM • Riboflavin (B2) @ 1.33 x 102nM • Nicotinamide (B3) @ 4.09 x 102nM

[0179] Results are shown in Table 12. PPFM supernatant stimulated the growth of the methanotroph NLS1504 on methane, but only when cyanocobalamin (B12) was excluded from the growth medium.o one . + / - . + / - . + / - . + / - . + / -P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 56 of 79o . + / - . + / - . + / - . + / - . + / - . Mean optical density (OD650) + / - standard deviation Example 4.

[0180] Further analysis of the ability of added vitamin B12 to stimulate growth of methanotroph populations is conducted in a dose response study using a plant free rice paddy soil pot assay as described in Example 2. Methanotroph populations are monitored using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that targets subunit A (pmoA) of the particulate methane monooxygenase (Table 4). Methanogen populations are monitored using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that targets mcrA, the gene for the alpha-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase (Table 8).

[0181] Soil samples are also analyzed following treatment to determine methane oxidative capacity. Gas emissions from the pots are evaluated by gas chromatography to determine effects of the treatments on methane emission rates. Mean soil methane oxidation capacity under 20% methane atmosphere (mg CH4 consumed per gram of soil per day) + / - standard deviation is measured to evaluate the results of treatments on methane oxidation. Example 5.

[0182] Effects of treatments with cell-free supernatants of Methylobacterium strains, live cultures of Methylotroph strains, and combinations of live Methylobacterium and Methylotroph cultures and supernatants of Methylobacterium strains on native methanotroph and methanogen populations, as well as in methods where exogenous methanotrophs are added, are examined using a plant free rice paddy soil pot assay as described in Example 2. Methylobacterium and Methylotroph strains disclosed in Table 1A, including strain LGP2020 (NLS00610), LGP2004 (NLS0089), NLS0017, NLS0020, NLS0042,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 57 of 79 NLS0109, NLS00648, NLS0662, NLS0807 are evaluated. Live cultures of PPFM strains are grown as described in Example 1. Cell-free Methylobacterium supernatants are prepared from live PPFM cultures by centrifugation as described in Example 1. Soil samples are also analyzed to determine methane oxidative capacity. Gas emissions from the pots are evaluated by gas chromatography to determine effects of the treatments on methane emission rates. Mean soil methane oxidation capacity under 20% methane atmosphere (mg CH4 consumed per gram of soil per day) + / - standard deviation is measured to evaluate the results of treatments on methane oxidation.

[0183] Further analysis is conducted using Methylobacterium and Methylotroph live cells and / or supernatants from Methylobacterium cultures grown under a variety of conditions, and using a variety of carbon sources, inorganic salts and amino acids.

[0184] Methanotroph strain NLS1504 was grown with and without cell-free supernatants from methylobacterium strains NLS0042, NLS0089, NLS0610, NLS0648, and NLS0807. Table 12B. Growth of methanotroph with and without cell-free supernatants from different Methylobacterium strainsExample 6. Identification of Methanotroph Strains, Methylotroph strains, Variants and Derivatives

[0185] Sequences that encode pMMO protein components and 16S sequences can be used to identify methanotroph strains provided herein and variants and derivatives thereof are provided below in tables 13-14.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 58 of 79 Table 13.pP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 59 of 79 Table 14A.Table 14B. Primers - Sequences – Methanotrophs – Identification methodse yosnus sp. 8 S 68 C C GC G GGCGG G Table 14CB. - Probes - Sequences – Methanotrophs – Identification methodsMet yocysts sp. #59 NLS1508 TAGGCGGAAAC mseq244_gene03629P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 60 of 79e yosnus sp. 8 S 68 C CC C C ene0

[0186] Sequences of genes from representative Methylobacterium strains that encode sMMO protein components and / or are useful in methods disclosed herein are provided in the Tables below. Table 15., , , yroxyase apa canS5 8, S533, S580, S559 6 ydroxyase apa canP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 61 of 79

[0187] Methylobacterium gene elements that were positively correlated with Methylobacterium enhancement of growth in rice seedlings and / or that are useful in identifying Methylobacterium and variant thereof useful in methods disclosed herein are shown in Table 17 below. Table 17.g p_ yp p . . .

[0188] Representative amino acid sequences for proteins correlated with enhancing growth of rice seedlings from specific Methylobacterium strains are provided below as SEQ ID NOs: 24-30 and SEQ ID NOs: 123-128. The strain from which a representative sequence was obtained and which is useful in the methods disclosed herein is referenced below in Table 18. Table 18.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 62 of 79

[0189] Genomic sequences that can be used to identity and distinguish NLS0737 and NLS0770 from other Methylobacterium strains are identified by an exact k-mer analysis of whole genome sequences of over 5000 public and proprietary Methylobacterium isolates. NLS0737 and NLS0770 are closely related and may be, or originate from, a single Methylobacterium isolate. A 300 nucleotide DNA fragment common to both isolates, but not found in other Methylobacterium strains analyzed is provided as SEQ ID NO:31. Genomic sequences that can be used to identity and distinguish NLS5278, NLS5334, NLS5480, and NLS5549 from other Methylobacterium isolates are identified in the same manner. NLS5278, NLS5334, NLS5480, and NLS5549 are closely related and may be, or originate from, a single Methylobacterium isolate. A 300 nt DNA fragment common to NLS5278, NLS5334, and NLS5480, but not found in other Methylobacterium strains analyzed is provided as SEQ ID NO:32. Assays for detection or identification of specific Methylobacterium strains and closely related derivatives are developed using the disclosed unique genomic DNA essentially as described in WO2022076588 Example 3 and US 20230309564, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Unique genomic DNA fragments from the various Methylobacterium strains useful in methods disclosed herein and or for identification of useful variants of those Methylobacterium strains are provided as SEQ ID NOS: 33-75 as shown in Table 19 below. Table 19._P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 63 of 79_ Embodiments

[0190] Various embodiments of the compositions, systems, and methods described herein are set forth in the following set of numbered embodiments. 1. A method for increasing methanotroph bioactivity in a methanotroph environment comprising contacting a methanotroph environment with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 64 of 79 A method for increasing methanotroph bioactivity in a methanotroph environment comprising contacting a methanotroph environment with a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12, wherein the vitamin B12 is cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methyl cobalamin, or mixtures thereof. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wetland, a wastewater treatment location, or a landfill. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock, and / or a livestock manure production or storage location. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the increased bioactivity results from: (i) an increase in methanotroph cell numbers (ii) an increase in methane monooxygenase activity; and / or (iii) an increase in the ratio of methanotroph cells to methanogen cells; wherein the increase of (i), (ii) and / or (iii) is in comparison to a control environment that has not been contacted with the composition. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, plant part or soil in a plant growth locale and wherein said increased bioactivity of (i), (ii) and / or (iii) is an increase per soil volume and / or per wet or dry weight of a plant or plant part, and wherein the control soil and / or control plant or plant part I has not been contacted with the composition. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the contacting comprises application of the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation to the plant, soil where a seed is sown, soil where a plant is grown, or a plant part. The method of embodiment 4 or 8, wherein exogenous methanotrophs are not applied to the plant or plant part. The method of embodiment 4 or 8, wherein exogenous methanotrophs are applied to the plant or plant part. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the contacting comprises application of the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation to plant growth medium, optionally wherein the growth medium is soil, a paddy, or a hydroponic solution. The method of embodiment 8, wherein the plant part comprises a plant leaf, petiole, flower, root, and / or seed. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the vitamin formulation is provided at a rate sufficient to increase methanotroph bioactivity by at least about 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 5-fold, or 10-fold inP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 65 of 79 comparison to a control methanotroph environment contacted with a control composition lacking the vitamin formulation. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the vitamin formulation is provided at a rate sufficient to provide the vitamin B12 to the methanotroph environment at a final concentration of about 15nM to about 375nM in the methanotroph environment. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation is dried. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises both the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and the vitamin formulation. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate. The method of embodiment 15, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried. The method of claim 15, wherein the supernatant, extract, concentrate, or reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate is substantially Methylobacterium cell-free, essentially Methylobacterium cell-free, or Methylobacterium cell-free. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is substantially Methylobacterium cell-free, essentially Methylobacterium cell-free, or Methylobacterium cell-free. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation is dried. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the methanotrophs comprise resident methanotrophs present in and / or on the methanotroph environment at the time of the contacting. The method of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the methods further comprise contacting the methanotroph environment with exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B: (i) prior to the time of the contacting; (ii) at the time of the contacting; and / or (iii) after the time of the contacting. The method of embodiment 23, wherein the exogenous methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934. The method of embodiment 23, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 66 of 79 The method of embodiment 23, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. The method of embodiment 23, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. The method of any of embodiments 23 through 26, which further comprises at least one additional component. The method of embodiment 28, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide. The method of embodiment 23, which further comprises measuring methanotroph bioactivity after contacting the methanotroph environment with the composition. The method of embodiment 23, further comprising re-contacting the methanotroph environment with the composition and / or the exogenous methanotrophs when increased methanotroph bioactivity is desired. The method of embodiment 31, wherein increased methanotroph bioactivity results in increased plant yield and / or decreased methane production in comparison to a methanogen environment which has not been contacted with the composition. A plant, plant part, and / or seed which is at least partially coated with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation brothproduct is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium which produced the product. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the plant, plant part, and / or seed comprises a plant leaf, petiole, flower, root, and / or seed. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the composition further comprises an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, TableP14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 67 of 79 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the exogenous methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. The plant part of any one of embodiments 33 through 42, which further comprises at least one additional component. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the exogenous methanotroph comprises a methanotroph selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 44, wherein the plant part does not comprise exogenous Methylobacterium. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the composition further comprises a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 68 of 79 The plant, plant part, and / or seed of any one of embodiments 33 through 47, wherein the plant, plant part, and / or seed is a monocot plant part. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 48, wherein the monocot plant, plant part, and / or seed is a rice, corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, turf grass, or millet plant part. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of embodiment 33, wherein the plant, plant part, and / or seed is a soybean, Cannabis, cotton, or canola plant. A method of formulating a composition comprising concentrating a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product or fraction thereof which is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium to obtain a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the concentrating comprises removing at least some, most, or essentially all water from the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product or fraction thereof. The method of embodiment 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B. The method of embodiment 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients. The method of embodiment 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients and concentrating the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients. The method of embodiment 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more ruminant feed ingredients and / or ruminant feed additives. The method of embodiment 51, further comprising granulating the composition. The method of embodiment 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12. The method of embodiment 58, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 69 of 79 A composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product which is at least substantially free of the Methylobacterium which produced the product wherein the composition is adapted for treatment of a methanotroph environment. The composition of embodiment 60, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wasteland, or a landfill. The composition of embodiment 60, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, and / or soil where a plant is grown. The composition of embodiment 60, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock. The composition of embodiment 60, wherein the composition further comprises an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B. The composition of embodiment 64, wherein the exogenous methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934. The composition of embodiment 64, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species. The composition of embodiment 64, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. The composition of embodiment 64, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632. The composition of any of embodiments 64 through 68, which further comprises at least one additional component. The composition of embodiment 69, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide. The composition of embodiment 64, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a methanotroph selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 70 of 79 NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1510, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581. 72. The composition of embodiment 60, wherein Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate. 73. The composition of embodiment 72, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried. 74. The composition of embodiment 72, further comprising one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients. 75. The composition of embodiment 72, further comprising a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12. 76. The composition of embodiment 75, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition. 77. Use of the composition of any one of embodiments 60 to 76 to treat a methanotroph environment. 78. The use of embodiment 77, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wetland, a wastewater treatment location, or a landfill. 79. The use of embodiment 77, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale. 80. The use of embodiment 77, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock, and / or a livestock manure production or storage location. References

[0191] Green, P.N. and Ardley, J.K.2018. Review of the genus Methylobacterium and closely related organisms: a proposal that some Methylobacterium species be reclassified into a new genus, Methylorubrum gen. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2018 Sep;68(9):2727-2748. doi: 10.1099 / ijsem.0.002856.

[0192] Konstantinidis K. T., Ramette A., Tiedje J. M.. ( 2006;). The bacterial species definition in the genomic era. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361:, 1929––1940.

[0193] Lidstrom, M.E. 2006. Aerobic methylotrophic prokaryotes. In Dworkin, M., S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K.-H. Schleifer, and E. Stackebrandt (eds.). “The Prokaryotes. A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria. Volume 2. Ecophysiology and biochemistry.“ Third edition. Springer, New York. Pages 618-634.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 71 of 79

[0194] The breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above- described embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 72 of 79 WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method for increasing methanotroph bioactivity in a methanotroph environment comprising contacting a methanotroph environment with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product.

2. A method for increasing methanotroph bioactivity in a methanotroph environment comprising contacting a methanotroph environment with a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12, wherein the vitamin B12 is cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methyl cobalamin, or mixtures thereof. 3 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wetland, a wastewater treatment location, or a landfill. 4 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale. 5 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock, and / or a livestock manure production or storage location. 6 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the increased bioactivity results from: (i) an increase in methanotroph cell numbers (ii) an increase in methane monooxygenase activity; and / or (iii) an increase in the ratio of methanotroph cells to methanogen cells; wherein the increase of (i), (ii) and / or (iii) is in comparison to a control environment that has not been contacted with the composition. 7 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, plant part or soil in a plant growth locale and wherein said increased bioactivity of (i), (ii) and / or (iii) is an increase per soil volume and / or per wet or dry weight of a plant or plant part, and wherein the control soil and / or control plant or plant part I has not been contacted with the composition. 8 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the contacting comprises application of the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation to the plant, soil where a seed is sown, soil where a plant is grown, or a plant part. 9 The method of claim 4 or 8, wherein exogenous methanotrophs are not applied to the plant or plant part. 10 The method of claim 4 or 8, wherein exogenous methanotrophs are applied to the plant or plant part. 11 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the contacting comprises application of the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation to plant growth medium, optionally wherein the growth medium is soil, a paddy, or a hydroponic solution.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 73 of 79 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the plant part comprises a plant leaf, petiole, flower, root, and / or seed.

13. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the vitamin formulation is provided at a rate sufficient to increase methanotroph bioactivity by at least about 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 5-fold, or 10-fold in comparison to a control methanotroph environment contacted with a control composition lacking the vitamin formulation.

14. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the vitamin formulation is provided at a rate sufficient to provide the vitamin B12 to the methanotroph environment at a final concentration of about 15nM to about 375nM in the methanotroph environment.

15. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation is dried.

16. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises both the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and the vitamin formulation.

17. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the supernatant, extract, concentrate, or reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate is substantially Methylobacterium cell-free, essentially Methylobacterium cell-free, or Methylobacterium cell-free.

20. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is substantially Methylobacterium cell-free, essentially Methylobacterium cell-free, or Methylobacterium cell-free.

21. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product and / or vitamin formulation is dried.

22. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the methanotrophs comprise resident methanotrophs present in and / or on the methanotroph environment at the time of the contacting.

23. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the methods further comprise contacting the methanotroph environment with exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B: (i) prior to the time of the contacting; (ii) at the time of the contacting; and / or (iii) after the time of the contacting.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 74 of 79 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the exogenous methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

27. The method of claim 23, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

28. The method of any of claims 23 through 26, which further comprises at least one additional component.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide.

30. The method of claim 23, which further comprises measuring methanotroph bioactivity after contacting the methanotroph environment with the composition.

31. The method of claim 23, further comprising re-contacting the methanotroph environment with the composition and / or the exogenous methanotrophs when increased methanotroph bioactivity is desired.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein increased methanotroph bioactivity results in increased plant yield and / or decreased methane production in comparison to a methanogen environment which has not been contacted with the composition.

33. A plant, plant part, and / or seed which is at least partially coated with a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is at least substantially free of the Methylobacterium which produced the product.

34. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the plant, plant part, and / or seed comprises a plant leaf, petiole, flower, root, and / or seed.

35. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 75 of 79 36. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried.

37. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the composition further comprises an exogenous methanotroph and / orMethylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B.

38. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the exogenous methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934.

39. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species.

40. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

41. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

42. The plant part of any one of claims 33 through 42, which further comprises at least one additional component.

43. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide.

44. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the exogenous methanotroph comprises a methanotroph selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508, NLS1509, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581.

45. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 44, wherein the plant part does not comprise exogenous Methylobacterium.

46. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the composition further comprises a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 76 of 79 47. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition.

48. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of any one of claims 33 through 47, wherein the plant, plant part, and / or seed is a monocot plant part.

49. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 48, wherein the monocot plant, plant part, and / or seed is a rice, corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, turf grass, or millet plant part.

50. The plant, plant part, and / or seed of claim 33, wherein the plant, plant part, and / or seed is a soybean, Cannabis, cotton, or canola plant.

51. A method of formulating a composition comprising concentrating a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product or fraction thereof which is at least substantially free of Methylobacterium to obtain a composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein the concentrating comprises removing at least some, most, or essentially all water from the Methylobacterium fermentation broth product or fraction thereof.

53. The method of claim 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B.

54. The method of claim 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients.

55. The method of claim 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients and concentrating the composition comprising the Methylobacterium fermentation broth with one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients.

56. The method of claim 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with one or more ruminant feed ingredients and / or ruminant feed additives.

57. The method of claim 51, further comprising granulating the composition.

58. The method of claim 51, further comprising combining the Methylobacterium fermentation broth concentrate with a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition.P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 77 of 79 60. A composition comprising a Methylobacterium fermentation broth product which is at least substantially free of the Methylobacterium which produced the product wherein the composition is adapted for treatment of a methanotroph environment.

61. The composition of claim 60, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wasteland, or a landfill.

62. The composition of claim 60, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, and / or soil where a plant is grown.

63. The composition of claim 60, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock.

64. The composition of claim 60, wherein the composition further comprises an exogenous methanotroph and / or exogenous Methylobacterium, optionally wherein the exogenous methanotrophs and / or exogenous Methylobacterium are disclosed in Table 1A, Table 1B, or are variants or derivatives of the methanotrophs and / or Methylobacterium disclosed in Table 1A or Table 1B.

65. The composition of claim 64, wherein the exogenous methylobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: NLS0017; NLS0020; NLS0042; NLS0089; NLS0109; NLS0610; NLS0662; NLS0648; NLS0807; and NLS0934.

66. The composition of claim 64, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a Methylocystis species, a Methylosinus species, a Methylomicrobium species, and / or a Methylosarcina species.

67. The composition of claim 64, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1501, NLS1508; NLS1504; NLS1505; NLS1506; NLS1509; NLS1511; NLS1512; NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

68. The composition of claim 64, wherein the exogenous methanotroph is selected from the group consisting of: NLS1546; NLS1557; NLS1558; NLS1561; NLS1563; NLS1564; NLS1572; NLS1578; NLS1581; NLS1591; NLS1601; NLS1618; NLS1631; and NLS1632.

69. The composition of any of claims 64 through 68, which further comprises at least one additional component.

70. The composition of claim 69, wherein the at least one additional component is selected from the group consisting of: fungicide; fungus; herbicide; insecticides; lubricant; methanotroph; methylotrophs; nematicide.

71. The composition of claim 64, wherein the exogenous methanotrophs comprise a methanotroph selected from the group consisting of NLS1501, NLS1504, NLS1505, NLS1506, NLS1508,P14616WO00 / NLS-SUPERVIT Page 78 of 79 NLS1509, NLS1510, NLS1511, NLS1512, NLS1561, NLS1563, NLS1564, NLS1578, and NLS1581.

72. The composition of claim 60, wherein Methylobacterium fermentation broth product is a Methylobacterium fermentation broth supernatant, an extract thereof, a concentrate of the supernatant, a concentrate of the extract, or a reconstituted supernatant, extract, or concentrate.

73. The composition of claim 72, wherein the concentrate of the extract is dried.

74. The composition of claim 72, further comprising one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants and / or agriculturally acceptable excipients.

75. The composition of claim 72, further comprising a vitamin formulation comprising vitamin B12.

76. The composition of claim 75, wherein the vitamin formulation is at a concentration of about 0.2 micrograms to about 50 milligrams vitamin B12 per gram or per milliliter of composition.

77. Use of the composition of any one of claims 60 to 76 to treat a methanotroph environment.

78. The use of claim 77, wherein said methanotroph environment is an irrigated field, a pasture, a wetland, a wastewater treatment location, or a landfill.

79. The use of claim 77, wherein said methanotroph environment is a plant, soil where a seed is sown, a hydroponic plant growth solution, paddy, and / or soil in a plant growth locale.

80. The use of claim 77, wherein said methanotroph environment is the digestive system of a ruminant livestock, and / or a livestock manure production or storage location.

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