Sensing service discovery and configuration
The introduction of a sensing management function entity within wireless communication networks addresses the lack of protocols for SU discovery and configuration, ensuring proper registration and operation of SUs for ISAC services, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of RF sensing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/137848
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication networks lack defined procedures or protocols for the discovery and configuration of sensing units (SUs) for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) services, leading to potential failures in SU registration, inappropriate configuration of SUs for sensing operations, and challenges in coordinating RF sensing among multiple network nodes and UEs.
A sensing management function (SnMF) entity is introduced to interface with other network function entities, enabling the discovery and configuration of SUs. This involves receiving sensing requests, identifying relevant SUs, and transmitting sensing configurations to selected SUs, ensuring they perform RF sensing operations within their capabilities.
The proposed solution ensures that SUs are correctly registered and configured for ISAC services, preventing failures and ensuring that SUs perform sensing operations they are capable of, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of RF sensing in wireless communication networks.
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Figure CN2023137848_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SENSING SERVICE DISCOVERY AND CONFIGURATION
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with discovery and configuration of sensing units associated with a sensing service.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.
[0005] In some examples, a wireless communication network may support a sensing service, such as an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) service. ISAC provides sensing capabilities (for example, RF sensing capabilities) using the same system and infrastructure that is used for wireless communication. One or more devices (which may be referred to as sensing units (SUs) ) in the wireless communication network may perform RF sensing via resources of the wireless communication network (for example, using one or more RF signals) . RF sensing enables wireless communication devices to acquire information about characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. In some examples, RF sensing can be used to determine distances (ranges) , angles, and / or instantaneous linear velocities, among other examples, of objects in the environment.
[0006] The sensing service may be associated with one or more SUs that are configured to perform RF sensing to fulfill one or more sensing requests. In a given wireless communication network, a variety of different devices may be capable of serving as an SU. However, different devices may be associated with different capabilities, different locations, and / or different guidelines for when the device can be configured to perform RF sensing. For example, a user equipment (UE) may be associated with different RF sensing capabilities than a network node. Additionally, introducing RF sensing as an ISAC service introduces additional considerations for configuring a given device as an SU. For example, network load information, link quality, and / or availability of wireless communication resources, among other examples, may impact configuration decisions for SUs in the wireless communication network. Further, when RF sensing technology is introduced as a new system capability, new considerations on authorization for service access and operation access, data confidentiality, data integrity, and / or user privacy are needed, to ensure that these aspects are taken into account when deriving sensing service requirements.
[0007] As a result, discovery and configuration for SUs within a wireless communication network may be a complex task requiring the coordination of several different network entities and / or network nodes. Currently, no procedures or protocols are defined for the discovery and configuration for SUs, which may result in one or more SUs failing to be registered or identified (for example, and therefore not participating in the sensing service provided by the wireless communication network) . Additionally, this may result in one or more SUs being configured to perform sensing operations that the SU (s) are not capable of performing. For example, a wireless communication network may not currently support coordinating RF sensing among multiple network nodes and / or UEs, obtaining RF sensing capabilities from multiple network nodes and / or UEs, coordinating configuration and authorization for performing RF sensing by multiple network nodes and / or UEs, and / or providing a mechanism to provide RF sensing capable devices with information indicative of which network entity or network function the SUs are to transmit sensing data to, among other examples.SUMMARY
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a sensing unit (SU) for wireless communication. The SU may include a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors. The processing system may be configured to cause the SU to receive an indication of a sensing service supported by a network. The processing system may be configured to cause the SU to transmit registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service. The processing system may be configured to cause the SU to receive, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request. The processing system may be configured to cause the SU to perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data. The processing system may be configured to cause the SU to transmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a network function entity for wireless communication. The network function entity may a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors. The processing system may be configured to cause the network entity function to receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network. The processing system may be configured to cause the network entity function to receive a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters. The processing system may be configured to cause the network entity function to transmit, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication by an SU. The method may include receiving an indication of a sensing service supported by a network. The method may include transmitting registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service. The method may include receiving, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request. The method may include performing, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data. The method may include transmitting, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication by a network function entity. The method may include receiving registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network. The method may include receiving a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters. The method may include transmitting, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a SU. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the SU, may cause the SU to receive an indication of a sensing service supported by a network. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the SU, may cause the SU to transmit registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the SU, may cause the SU to receive, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the SU, may cause the SU to perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the SU, may cause the SU to transmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.
[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network entity function. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity function, may cause the network entity function to receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity function, may cause the network entity function to receive a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity function, may cause the network entity function to transmit, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.
[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving an indication of a sensing service supported by a network. The apparatus may include means for transmitting registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the apparatus that are associated with the sensing service. The apparatus may include means for receiving, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request. The apparatus may include means for performing, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.
[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network. The apparatus may include means for receiving a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.
[0016] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0017] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0019] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Figures 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating examples of radio frequency (RF) sensing in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Figure 5 is an example of a core network configured to provide sensing services in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Figure 6 is an example of a control plane architecture for a sensing service in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Figure 7 is an example of a sensing management function (SnMF) entity for a sensing service, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating example operations associated with SnMF discovery in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Figures 9-13 are diagrams illustrating example operations associated with sensing unit (SU) discovery in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, at an SU or an apparatus of an SU that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network function entity or an apparatus of a network function entity that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0030] Figure 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0031] Figure 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0033] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0034] Various aspects relate generally to sensing unit (SU) discovery and / or configuration for a sensing service. Some aspects more specifically relate to discovering and / or configuring SUs for an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) service. In some aspects, a network function entity (referred to herein as a sensing management function (SnMF) entity) may be configured to interface with one or more other network function entities (such as an access and mobility function (AMF) entity) to perform one or more control operations for the sensing service. The SnMF entity may receive a sensing request associated with the sensing service. For example, a sensing request may be a request for a given sensing result (for example, object detection, object tracking, environment monitoring, or another sensing type) . A sensing request may originate from (for example, may be transmitted by) a client device and / or an application function. The sensing request may indicate one or more request parameters. The SnMF entity may be configured to discover SUs (for example, that are configured to operate in a wireless communication network) that are relevant to the SnMF entity and / or a sensing request (for example, that are configured to operate in a geographic area associated with the SnMF entity and / or the sensing request) . The SnMF entity may be configured to configure one or more SUs (from a set of discovered SUs) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the sensing request.
[0035] In some aspects, an SU may initiate a registration with the sensing service. For example, a user equipment (UE) or a network node may be capable of operating as an SU. The UE or the network node may transmit registration information to register as an SU with the sensing service. The registration information may indicate a location of the SU and / or one or more sensing capabilities of the SU. A network function entity may receive the registration information. For example, the SnMF entity, the AMF entity, or another network function entity may store the registration information. In some aspects, a sensing repository (SR) may be configured to store registration information for UEs and / or network nodes that have registered as SUs. The SR may be accessible by multiple network functions, such as multiple SnMF entities.
[0036] In some aspects, the discovery and / or configuration of one or more SUs may be in response to (for example, may be triggered by) the reception of a sensing request. For example, a network function entity (for example, the AMF, a gateway, or another network function entity) may receive the sensing request from a client device. The AMF entity may transmit the sensing request to an SnMF entity based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with one or more parameters indicated by the sensing request (for example, the AMF entity may transmit (forward or route) the sensing request to an SnMF entity that is capable of servicing the sensing request) . The SnMF entity may identify one or more network nodes that are relevant to the sensing request (for example, that are configured to operate in a sensing area indicated by the sensing request) . The SnMF entity may transmit, to the one or more network nodes, a request for the identification of one or more SUs. The one or more network nodes may transmit, and the SnMF entity may receive, an indication of one or more SUs that are capable of performing radio frequency (RF) sensing operations in accordance with the sensing request. The SnMF entity may configure, or may request that the one or more network nodes configure, the one or more SUs in accordance with the sensing request.
[0037] In some aspects, an SU may transmit, to the AMF entity, a request to associate the SU with a network function configured to perform operations for the sensing service. For example, the SU may transmit a communication (for example, a non-access stratum (NAS) transport communication) indicating a position of the SU and / or one or more sensing capabilities of the SU (for example, indicating registration information of the SU) . In some aspects, the AMF entity may identify one or more SnMF entities to be associated with the SU using, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the registration information. In some aspects, the communication (for example, the NAS transport communication) may indicate the one or more SnMF entities or one or more sensing repositories to be associated with the SU. The AMF entity may transmit, and the one or more SnMF entities may receive, an SU association request for the SU. The one or more SnMF entities may accept or reject the SU association request.
[0038] In some other aspects, the AMF entity may transmit, and an SR entity may receive, the SU association request (for example, including an indication of the registration information for the SU) . The SR entity may store the registration information for the SU. The SR entity may transmit, and the AMF entity may receive, an indication that the SU has been registered with the sensing service. In some aspects, the SR entity may transmit (for example, may route or forward) , and one or more SnMF entities may receive, the SU association request. For example, the SR entity may identify one or more SnMF entities to be associated with the SU using, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the registration information. In some other aspects, an SnMF entity may transmit, and the SR entity may receive, a request for one or more SUs that meet one or more criteria. The SR entity may identify one or more SUs (using registration information for respective SUs) that meet the one or more criteria. The SR entity may transmit, and the SnMF entity may receive, an indication of the one or more SUs. The SnMF entity may cause the one or more SUs to be configured with a sensing configuration for performing RF sensing operations in accordance with a sensing request.
[0039] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to ensure that one or more network function entities (for example, an SnMF entity, an AMF entity, and / or an SR entity) discover SUs that are configured to operate in a wireless communication network. Further, the described techniques can be used to obtain sensing capabilities of respective SUs. This may enable an SnMF entity to configure a given SU in accordance with the sensing capabilities of the given SU (for example, so that the SU is not configured to perform RF sensing operation (s) that the SU is not capable of performing) . In some aspects, the described techniques can be used to provide registration information to one or more network function entities for respective SUs that are relevant to the one or more network function entities and / or that are relevant to a given sensing request. For example, by using a capability of an SnMF entity and / or one or more parameters of a sensing request to identify SUs to be associated with an SnMF entity, the described techniques can be used to reduce an amount of processing used by the SnMF entity to configure the SUs. For example, the SnMF entity may only be associated with SUs that are configured to operate in a service area supported by the SnMF entity and / or that are configured to perform one or more sensing service types supported by the SnMF entity. Therefore, the SnMF entity may conserve processing resources that would have otherwise been associated with analyzing registration information for SUs that are not configured to operate in a service area supported by the SnMF entity and / or that are not configured to perform one or more sensing service types supported by the SnMF entity.
[0040] In some aspects, by enabling one or more SR entities to be accessible by multiple SnMF entities, signaling overhead, processing overhead and / or latency associated with SUs registering with the sensing service may be reduced. For example, an SU may register with an SR entity and the SR entity may make registration information for the SU accessible to multiple SnMF entities. This reduces signaling overhead, processing overhead, and / or latency that would have otherwise been associated with the SU transmitting registration information to each SnMF entity of the multiple SnMF entities. In some aspects, by the discovery and configuration of one or more SUs being in response to a reception of a sensing request, the described techniques can be used to reduce signaling overhead, processing overhead, and / or latency associated with an SnMF entity discovering and / or configuring the one or more SUs. For example, the SnMF entity may be enabled to tailor a discovery of SUs using, based on, or otherwise associated with one or more parameters indicated by the sensing request. This enables the SnMF entity to obtain registration information for SUs that are capable of performing RF sensing operations in accordance with the sensing request. This reduces signaling overhead, processing overhead, and / or latency, among other examples, that would have otherwise been associated with the SnMF entity discovering and / or analyzing registration information for SUs that are not capable of performing RF sensing operations in accordance with the sensing request.
[0041] In some aspects, by an SU initiating a registration with the sensing service, latency associated with configuring the SU to perform RF sensing operations in accordance with a sensing request may be reduced. For example, an SnMF entity and / or an SR entity may have access to registration information of SUs at a time when a sensing request is received, reducing latency that would have otherwise been associated with obtaining the registration information after the sensing request is received. In some aspects, by an AMF entity transmitting (for example, forwarding or routing) an SU association request to a relevant SnMF entity (for example, based on capabilities of the SnMF entity and sensing capabilities of the SU) , the described techniques can be used to ensure that SnMF entities are associated with SUs that are relevant to the SnMF entities. In some aspects, by an SR entity transmitting (for example, forwarding or routing) an SU association request to a relevant SnMF entity (for example, based on capabilities of the SnMF entity and sensing capabilities of the SU) , the described techniques can be used to reduce processing overhead for other network functions, such as the AMF function.
[0042] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0043] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to- device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0044] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0045] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0046] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-aor FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0047] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0048] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0049] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0050] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0051] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0052] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) network node) .
[0053] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Figure 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0054] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0055] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0056] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0057] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In such examples, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Figure 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0058] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an extended reality (XR) device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0059] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0060] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0061] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” ) . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0062] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0063] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0064] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0065] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some radio access technologies (RATs) may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0066] In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may support an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) service. ISAC may refer to a system that provides sensing capabilities (for example, RF sensing capabilities) using the same system and infrastructure (for example, the wireless communication network 100) that is used for communication. ISAC may sometimes be referred to as joint communication and radar (JCR) . One or more devices in the wireless communication network 100, such as a UE 120, a network node 110, and / or an SU 160, may perform RF sensing via the wireless communication network 100 (for example, using one or more RF signals) . RF sensing is a technology that enables wireless communication devices to acquire information about characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. RF sensing uses RF signals to determine the distance (range) , angle, and / or instantaneous linear velocity, among other examples, of objects. RF sensing may provide a range of functionality for wireless communication devices, such as object detection, object recognition (for example, vehicle, human, or animal) , object tracking, environment monitoring, motion monitoring, high accuracy localization, health monitoring, immersive XR application, home monitoring, weather monitoring, automotive operations (for example, maneuvering, navigation, and / or parking) , pedestrian and / or obstacle monitoring for roadways and / or railways, unmanned ariel vehicle (UAV) operations (for example, UAV intrusion detection, UAV tracking, and / or collision avoidance) , industrial operations (for example, automated guided vehicles (AGV) , automated robots, and / or pedestrian monitoring) , tracking, and / or activity recognition, among other examples.
[0067] RF sensing may include communication-assisted sensing and / or sensing-assisted communication. Communication-assisted sensing may refer to a wireless communication device, such as an SU 160, performing RF sensing using one or more hardware components and / or radio resources that are associated with communication. For example, the SU 160 may obtain information indicative of characteristics of the environment and / or objects withing the environment using RF signals (for example, NR RF signals or other RF signals associated with wireless communication) . Sensing-assisted communication may refer to a wireless communication device using sensing results to perform one or more communication operations. For example, sensing results may improve communication performance, such as by enabling more accurate beamforming, faster beam failure recovery, and / or reduced overhead for channel state information (CSI) tracking, among other examples.
[0068] For example, the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more SUs 160. An SU 160 may include a UE 120, a network node 110, a TRP, an IAB node, a RAN node, and / or another wireless communication device capable of performing RF sensing. In some examples, an SU 160 may obtain sensing data via radio signals (sometimes referred to as 3GPP sensing data, 5G wireless sensing data, 6G wireless sensing data, or wireless sensing data) . Additionally or alternatively, the SU 160 may obtain sensing data via one or more sensors, such as a camera, a video recorder, a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor, a radar, and / or a sonar sensor, among other examples. For example, the SU 160 may obtain sensing data via Wi-Fi sensing, radar sensing, and / or another type of sensing. Sensing data obtained via a sensor (sometimes referred to as non-3GPP sensing data) may be used by the SU 160 (or another device) to determine characteristics of objects and / or characteristics of the environment. The non-3GPP sensing data may be used to achieve improved sensing results for wireless sensing performed by the SU 160.
[0069] The wireless communication network 100 may include one or more network nodes 170. A network node 170 may include a core network node, a core network entity, and / or a core network function, among other examples. A network node 170 may include an SnMF entity, an AMF entity, a gateway, a network repository function (for example, one or more SRs) , among other examples. The SnMF entity may perform one or more operations for configuring, managing, and / or maintaining sensor configurations for one or sensing requests. For example, a network node 170 may obtain a sensing request from a client device (for example, a server device or a sensing client) and configure one or more SUs 160 to perform RF sensing to obtain sensing data in accordance with the sensing request, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. As shown in Figure 1, a network node 170 may communicate with an SU 160 (for example, directly and / or via a network node 110) to configure and / or manage an RF sensing operation.
[0070] In some aspects, the SU 160 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive an indication of a sensing service supported by a network; transmit registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service; receive, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request; perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data; and transmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0071] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network; receive, from a network function entity, a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters; and transmit, to the network function entity, an indication of at least one SU of the one or more SUs, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0072] In some aspects, a network node 170 (for example, a network function entity) may include a communication manager 180. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 180 may receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network; receive a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters; and transmit, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 180 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0073] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0074] As shown in Figure 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0075] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Figure 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Figure 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0076] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Figure 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0077] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0078] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0079] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0080] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0081] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0082] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0083] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0084] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0085] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0086] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0087] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0088] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0089] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Figure 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0090] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0091] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0092] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different quantities of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different quantity of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different quantity of antenna elements. Generally, a larger quantity of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller quantity of antenna elements, whereas a smaller quantity of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger quantity of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0093] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0094] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0095] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU-control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0096] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0097] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0098] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0099] As used herein, a first device “outputting” or “transmitting” a communication to a second device may refer to a direct transmission (for example, from the first device to the second device) or an indirect transmission via one or more other network nodes or devices. For example, if the first device is a DU, an indirect transmission to the UE 120 may include the DU outputting or transmitting a communication to an RU and the RU transmitting the communication to the second device, or may include causing the RU to transmit the communication (e.g., triggering transmission of a physical layer reference signal) . Similarly, the second device “obtaining” or “receiving” a communication from the second device may refer to a direct transmission (for example, from the first device to the second device) or an indirect transmission via one or more other network nodes or devices. For example, if the first device is a network function entity, an indirect transmission to the second device may include the first device transmitting a communication to another network function entity or a network node 110 and the other network function entity or the network node 110 transmitting the communication to the second device. For example, the second device “obtaining” or “receiving” a communication may refer to receiving a transmission carrying the communication directly or receiving the communication (or information derived from reception of the communication) via one or more other network nodes or devices.
[0100] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figures 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with a sensing service discovery and configuration, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, a controller / processor of the network node 170, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Figure 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1400 of Figure 14, process 1500 of Figure 15, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 170, the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1400 of Figure 14, process 1500 of Figure 15, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0101] In some aspects, an SU 160 includes means for receiving an indication of a sensing service supported by a network; means for transmitting registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU 160 that are associated with the sensing service; means for receiving, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request; means for performing, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data; and / or means for transmitting, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data. In some aspects, the means for the SU 160 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246. In some other aspects, the means for the SU 160 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0102] In some aspects, a network function entity (for example, a network node 170) includes means for receiving registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network; means for receiving a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters; and / or means for transmitting, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters. In some aspects, the means for the network function entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 180, a transmit processor, a TX MIMO processor, a modem, an antenna, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller / processor, memory, or a scheduler.
[0103] Figures 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating examples of RF sensing in accordance with the present disclosure. Wireless communication signals (for example, RF signals configured to carry OFDM symbols) transmitted between a UE 120 and a network node 110 can be reused for RF sensing. Using wireless communication signals for RF sensing can be considered consumer-level radar with advanced detection capabilities that enable, among other things, touchless / device-free interaction with a device / system. “RF sensing” may be a radar operation performed by a wireless communication device, such as a UE, a network entity, or another device (such as a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point) , using wireless communication signals.
[0104] RF sensing may also be referred to as environment sensing, radar sensing, WLAN sensing, Wi-Fi sensing, and / or wireless sensing, among other examples. The wireless communication signals used to perform RF sensing may be cellular communication signals (for example, LTE signals, NR signals, and / or 6G signals) or WLAN signals (for example, Wi-Fi signals) , among other examples. As an example, the wireless communication signals may be an OFDM waveform as utilized in the wireless communication network 100. High-frequency communication signals, such as millimeter wave signals, may be beneficial to use as RF sensing signals because the higher frequency provides a more accurate range (for example, distance) detection and / or motion detection. As another example, WLAN signals (for example, WLAN or Wi-Fi signals that would otherwise be used for wireless communication) may be used to perform RF sensing (for example, to conserve power relative to using a higher frequency range signal) . In such examples, the RF sensing may be referred to as WLAN sensing or Wi-Fi sensing.
[0105] RF sensing may be performed using various frequency bands or frequency ranges, such as the millimeter wave band or the sub-6 GHz band, among other examples. In some examples, different frequencies may be used sequentially (for example, first using a sub-6 GHz frequency and second using a millimeter wave frequency) by a wireless communication device performing the RF sensing to vary a resolution (for example, from coarse to fine) , vary a detection range (for example, from large to narrow) , and / or vary power consumption (for example, from low to high) , among other examples.
[0106] As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, one or more SUs may detect and / or monitor a target object by transmitting and / or measuring wireless communication signals. Figure 4A depicts an example of monostatic sensing 400. For example, the one or more SUs may be included in a wireless communication system 410, such as the wireless communication network 100. A sensing transmitter 415 and a sensing receiver 420 may communicate RF signals (for example, wireless communication signals) to perform RF sensing. In some examples, the sensing transmitter 415 and the sensing receiver 420 may be co-located, such as in a single SU (for example, as depicted in Figure 4A) . Examples where the sensing transmitter 415 and the sensing receiver 420 are co-located may be referred to as “monostatic sensing. ” Figure 4B depicts an example of bistatic sensing 405. For example, the sensing transmitter 415 and the sensing receiver 420 may not be co-located (for example, as depicted in Figure 4B) . For example, the sensing transmitter 415 and the sensing receiver 420 may be included in separate devices, such as in separate SUs. Examples where the sensing transmitter 415 and the sensing receiver 420 are not co-located (for example, are included in different entities) may be referred to as “bistatic sensing. ” In some examples, RF sensing may be associated with obtaining sensor data that is indicative of a characteristic of a target object 425. In other examples, an RF sensing operation may include multiple sensing transmitters 415 and / or multiple sensing receivers 420 (for example, referred to as “multistatic sensing” ) .
[0107] As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the sensing transmitter 415 may transmit one or more signals 430. The one or more signals 430 may be RF signals, wireless communication signals, OFDM signals, and / or sensing reference signals, among other examples. The one or more signals may reflect off of the target object 425, resulting in a reflection 435 of the signal 430. The reflection 435 may be a reflection of a signal 430, a refraction of the signal 430, a diffraction of the signal 430, and / or a deflected version of the signal 430, among other examples. The sensing receiver 420 may receive and / or detect the reflection 435. The sensing receiver 420 may perform one or more measurements of the reflection 435 to obtain sensing data 440. The sensing data 440 may include information that is indicative of one or more characteristics of the target object 425. For example, the sensing data 440 may include a signal strength (for example, an RSRP) , a received raw signal sample, a channel delay profile, one or more Doppler measurements (for example, Doppler per channel tap) , CSI, CQI, time delay measurements, and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) (for example, AoA per channel tap) , among other examples.
[0108] As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, sensing processing 445 may be performed using the sensing data 440 to obtain sensing results 450. In some examples, an SU (for example, that includes the sensing receiver 420) may perform the sensing processing 445. In such examples, the SU may transmit, to a network node 110, the sensing results 450. In other examples, another device, such as a network node 110, may perform the sensing processing 445. In such examples, an SU (for example, that includes the sensing receiver 420) may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, the sensing data 440. The sensing results 450 may include information for one or more characteristics of the target object 425. For example, the sensing results 450 may include positioning information, velocity information, a sensing resolution, object detection information, and / or other information that is determined using the sending data 440. The sensing results 450 may be provided to a sensing service 455 of the wireless communication system 410. The sensing service 455 may include one or more core network nodes or entities, such as one or more network nodes 170. For example, the sensing service 455 may include an SnMF entity, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. The sensing service 455 may provide, to a client device 465, sensing results 460. The sensing results 460 may be the sensing results 450 or may be based on the sensing results 450. The client device 465 may be a server device or an application executing on a device. For example, the client device 465 may provide, to the sensing service 455, a sensing request. The sensing service 455 may configure, manage, and / or otherwise maintain a sensing operation (for example, in a similar manner as described herein) for fulfilling the sensing request.
[0109] Possible use cases of RF sensing include health monitoring (such as heartbeat detection, and / or respiration rate monitoring, among other examples) , gesture recognition (such as human activity recognition, keystroke detection, and / or sign language recognition, among other examples) , contextual information acquisition (such as location detection / tracking, direction finding, and / or range estimation, among other examples) , and / or automotive radar (such as smart cruise control and / or collision avoidance) , among other examples.
[0110] Similar to conventional radar (for example, frequency modulation continuous waveform (FMCW) radar) , a signal 430 can be used to estimate the range (for example, distance) , velocity (for example, Doppler spread) , and / or angle (for example, AoA) of the target object 425. Unlike conventional radar, RF sensing may use a PHY layer for both RF sensing measurements and wireless communication. Signals 430 may be transmitted in a beam (for example, using beamforming) and may reflect off nearby objects within the beam. A portion of the transmitted RF signals is reflected back toward a sensing receiver 420, which the reflection 435 (for example, via the reflections of the transmitted signals) .
[0111] In some examples, an OFDM waveform can be used for both wireless communication (for example, over a wireless network) and RF sensing. To use an OFDM waveform as a signal for RF sensing, specific reference signals, which may be referred to herein as sensing reference signals, may be needed. The RF sensing performance (for example, resolution and maximum values of range, velocity, and / or angle) may depend on the sensing reference signal design. For example, for a gesture recognition use case, coarse range / velocity estimation may be sufficient for the RF sensing. That is, it may be sufficient for a wireless communication device to be able to detect a pattern of movement relative to the current position of the target object 425 (for example, a user’s hand or head) . In such examples, a low density (for example, sparse) sensing reference signal with a short wavelength and narrow bandwidth may be sufficient to provide the necessary range and velocity resolution. For a vibration detection use case, such as for respiration monitoring, accurate Doppler estimation may be important, whereas accurate range estimation may not be as important. In such examples, a high-density sensing reference signal with a long duration in the time domain may be beneficial. For a location detection use case, such as for object detection, accurate range estimation may be important, whereas accurate Doppler estimation may not be as important. In such examples, a high-density wideband sensing reference signal in the frequency domain may be beneficial. Therefore, a network entity may configure one or more sensing reference signals depending on a use case of the RF sensing to improve the RF sensing performance. In some examples, a sensing reference signal may be a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a wireless communication reference signal, or a WLAN signal, among other examples.
[0112] Figure 5 is an example of a core network 500 configured to provide sensing services in accordance with the present disclosure. The core network 500 may enable communication via a data network 505 and a RAN 510. The core network 500 may be a 5G core network, a 6G core network, a next generation (NG) core network, or another type of core network. The RAN 510 may be the wireless communication network 100. The data network 505 may include one or more wired and / or wireless data networks. For example, the data network 505 may include an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a public land mobile network (PLMN) , a local area network (LAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a metropolitan area network (MAN) , a private network (such as a corporate intranet) , an ad hoc network, the Internet, a fiber optic-based network, a cloud computing network, a third party services network, an operator services network, and / or a combination of these or other types of networks.
[0113] The core network 500 may include an example functional architecture in which systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented. As shown in Figure 5, the core network 500 may include one or more functional elements (for example, one or more functions or entities) configured to provide a sensing service 515 (for example, an RF sensing service or an ISAC service) . For example, the core network 505 may include an SnMF entity 520. The SnMF entity 520 may be configured to perform discovery of SUs, configuration of SUs, collection of sensing data from one or more SUs, processing of sensing data, and / or exposure of sensing results, among other examples. The core network 500 may include one or more sensing repositories (SRs) 525. An SR 525 may be a repository that is configured to store information for one or more SUs, such as SU locations, and / or SU capabilities, among other examples. In some examples, the one or more SRs 525 may include a UE sensing repository that is configured to store information for UEs (for example, configured to operate in the RAN 510) that are capable of operating as an SU. Additionally, the one or more SRs 525 may include a TRP sensing repository that is configured to store information for TRPs and / or network nodes (for example, configured to operate in the RAN 510) that are capable of operating as an SU. In some examples, an SR 525 may include information for both UEs and TRPs that are capable of operating as an SU. In some examples, the one or more SRs 525 may be dedicated services within the SnMF 520. In other examples, the one or more SRs 525 may be part of another network function, such as an AMF or a network repository function (NRF) 545. In other examples, the SR 525 may be a standalone network function. The core network 500 may include a sensor data function 530. The sensor data function 530 may be configured to perform processing of sensor data (for example, collected via one or more SUs in the RAN 510) to produce sensing results, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0114] The core network 500 may include one or more RF sensors 535 configured to obtain sensor data. The one or more RFs sensors 535 may include a camera, a LiDAR sensor, a radar sensor, a sonar sensor, and / or a Wi-Fi sensor, among other examples. The one or more RF sensors 535 may be referred to as non-3GPP sensors. The core network 500 may include a service discovery function 540. The service discovery function 540 may be configured to store information for one or more services supported by the core network 500 and / or the RAN 510. In some examples, the service discovery function 540 may be configured to provide an indication (for example, to one or more devices in the RAN 510, such as one or more network nodes 110) of the one or more services supported by the core network 500, such as the sensing service described herein. For example, the service discovery function 540 may include one or more devices that support exposure of capabilities and / or events in the wireless telecommunications system to help other entities in the wireless telecommunications system discover network services. The service discovery function 540 may also be referred to as a network exposure function (NEF) .
[0115] The core network 500 may include an NRF 545. The NRF 545 may be configured as a centralized repository for one or more network functions supported by the core network 500 and / or the RAN 510. For example, other functional elements of the core network 500 may access the NRF 545 to obtain information for a function or service provided by the core network 500, such as the sensing service described herein. The core network 500 may include a topology entity 550. The topology entity 550 may be configured to store and / or manage information for a network topology, such as a topology of the RAN 510. The core network 500 may include a capabilities entity 555. The capabilities entity 555 may store information indicating capabilities of respective nodes or devices (for example, in the RAN 510) . The core network 500 may include a network data analytics function (NWDAF) 560. The NWDAF 560 may include one or more devices that gathers information associated with UEs 120, SUs, and / or the RAN 510. The NWDAF 560 may calculate analytics based on the gathered information. Different portions of the core network 500 may subscribe to receive analytic updates from the NWDAF 560. In some examples, the sensor data function 530 may be a component of the NWDAF 560. The core network 500 may include a data function entity 565. The data function entity 565 may be configured to determine, obtain, and / or provide data for the RAN 510.
[0116] The core network 500 may include other functional elements that are not depicted in Figure 5, such as a network slice selection function (NSSF) , a network exposure function (NEF) , an authentication server function (AUSF) , a unified data management (UDM) component, a policy control function (PCF) , an application function (AF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , and / or a user plane function (UPF) , among other examples. As shown in Figure 5, functional elements of the core network 500 may communicate via a message bus 570. The message bus 570 may be a logical and / or physical communication structure for communication among the functional elements. Accordingly, the message bus 570 may permit communication between two or more functional elements, whether logically (for example, using one or more application programming interfaces (APIs) , among other examples) and / or physically (for example, using one or more wired and / or wireless connections) .
[0117] Figure 6 is an example of a control plane architecture 600 for a sensing service in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, the control plane architecture 600 may include a client device 605. The client device 605 may be a location service (LCS) client or a sensing service client. The client device 605 may provide a sensing request associated with the sensing service.
[0118] The control plane architecture 600 may include a sensing gateway 610. The sensing gateway 610 may be configured as a gateway between the client device 605 and a core network, such as the core network 500. The sensing gateway 610 may enable one or more network functions, such as traffic routing, policy enforcement, charging, quality of service (QoS) management, and / or security, among other examples. For example, the sensing gateway 610 may route a sensing request from the client device 605 to an AMF 615 and / or to an SnMF 620. In other examples, the AMF 615 may route the sensing request to an appropriate SnMF 620. The sensing gateway 610 and the AMF 615 may communicate via an interface (shown as an NL2 interface) . The AMF 615 may communicate with one or more SnMFs 620. For example, the AMF 615 and an SnMF 620 may communicate via an interface, such as an NLx interface (for example, as defined, or otherwise fixed, by a wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP) . An SnMF may be configured to operate as a trusted application service provider (ASP) entity for provisioning non-3GPP-RF sensors (shown in Figure 6 as
[0119] The control plane architecture 600 may include one or more SRs 625. As described elsewhere herein, an SR 625 may be a logical control function configure to store the identity, location, and / or capabilities of available SUs within a wireless communication network. An SR 625 may provide an indication (for example, may expose) the available SUs to one or more SnMFs 620. In some examples, the functionality of an SR may be performed by another network function, such as the AMF 615, an NRF (not shown in Figure 6) , and / or the SnMF 620. The control plane architecture 600 may include a UDM 630. The UDM 630 may include one or more devices that store user data and profiles in the wireless telecommunications system. In some aspects, the UDM 630 may be used for fixed access and / or mobile access, among other examples, in the core network.
[0120] The control plane architecture may include one or more UEs 120 and / or one or more network nodes 110. As described elsewhere herein, a UE 120 may be configured to operate as an SU for a sensing service (for example, by the SnMF 620, the AMF 615, and / or a network node 110) . Additionally, a network node 110 may be configured to operate as an SU (for example, an application function (AF) SU) for a sensing service (for example, by the SnMF 620, the AMF 615, and / or another network node 110) . The control plane architecture may include an NEF 635 that communicates with one or more AFs 640. An AF 640 may be an RF sensor, such as a camera, a LiDAR sensor, a radar sensor, a sonar sensor, a Wi-Fi sensor, or another non-3GPP RF sensor.
[0121] Figure 7 is an example of an SnMF entity 700 for a sensing service, in accordance with the present disclosure. The SnMF entity 700 may include one or more functional components configured to perform operations for a sensing service, as described herein. For example, the SnMF entity 700 may be configured to perform discovery and / or configuration of SUs, collection of sensing data, processing of sensing data, and / or exposure of sensing results, among other examples. The SnMF entity 700 may include a sensing management component 705, a processing component 710, a UE sensing repository 715, and / or a TRP sensing repository 720, among other examples.
[0122] The sensing management component 705 may be configured to perform one or more operations for the discovery and / or configuration of SUs, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. The processing component 710 may be configured to generate or determine sensing results based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with collected sensor data (for example, collected from one or more SUs) . The processing component 710 may be physically executed at different (distributed) locations depending on a computing architecture of the SnMF entity 700. The UE sensing repository 715 may store information for one or more UEs that are configured to operate as an SU, such as an identify of the UEs, a location of the UEs, and / or one or more capabilities of the UEs, among other examples. The TRP repository 720 may store information for one or more TRPs that are configured to operate as an SU, such as an identify of the TRPs, a location of the TRPs, and / or one or more capabilities of the TRPs, among other examples. The UE sensing repository 715 and / or the TRP repository 720 may be a dedicated service within the SnMF entity 700. Alternatively, the UE sensing repository 715 and / or the TRP repository 720 may be included in another network function, such as an AMF or an NRF. In some examples, the SnMF entity 700 may include an SR that stores information for one or more TRPs and one or more UEs that are configured to operate as an SU.
[0123] In some examples, a wireless communication network may be associated with a single SnMF entity 700 for each PLMN. In such examples, the SnMF entity 700 may be configured as the single entry and exit point for the sensing service. In such examples, there may be a single logical SnMF entity 700 that may be implemented via multiple (distributed) SnMF instances. In other examples, multiple SnMF entities 700 may be defined and / or may be accessible. For example, SnMF entities 700 may be defined for respective service areas and / or respective service types. For example, a given SnMF entity 700 may be associated with a supported service area (for example, a geographical area over which the SnMF is managing a sensing service) , one or more supported service types, one or more supported QoS parameters for each supported service type, and / or one or more other capabilities. In some examples, one or more SnMF functionalities may be common across multiple SnMF entities 700. For example, one or more SRs may be accessed by multiple SnMF entities 700.
[0124] As described elsewhere herein, the sensing service may be associated with configuring one or more SUs to perform RF sensing to fulfill one or more sensing requests. In a wireless communication network, different devices may be capable of serving as an SU. However, the different devices may be associated with different capabilities, different locations, and / or different guidelines for when the device can be configured to perform RF sensing. For example, a UE may be associated with different RF sensing capabilities than a network node or a TRP. Additionally, introducing RF sensing as an ISAC service introduces additional considerations for configuring a given device as an SU. For example, network load information, link quality, and / or availability of wireless communication resources, among other examples, may impact configuration decisions for SUs in the wireless communication network. Further, when introducing RF sensing technology as a new system capability, new considerations on authorization for service access and operation access, data confidentiality, data integrity, and / or user privacy are needed, to ensure that these aspects are taken into account when deriving sensing service requirements.
[0125] As a result, discovery and configuration for SUs within a wireless communication network may be a complex task requiring the coordination of several different network entities and / or network nodes. Currently, no procedures or protocols are defined for the discovery and configuration for SUs, which may result in one or more SUs failing to be registered or identified (for example, and therefore not participating in the sensing service provided by the wireless communication network) . Additionally, this may result in one or more SUs being configured to perform sensing operations that the SU (s) are not capable of performing. For example, a wireless communication network may not currently support coordinating RF sensing among multiple network nodes and / or UEs, obtaining RF sensing capabilities from multiple network nodes and / or UEs, coordinating configuration and authorization for performing RF sensing by multiple network nodes and / or UEs, and / or providing a mechanism to provide RF sensing capable devices with information indicative of which network entity the SUs are to transmit sensing data, among other examples.
[0126] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating example operations 800 associated with SnMF discovery in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, an SnMF entity 805, an SnMF discovery entity 810, and a client device 815 may communicate with each other. The SnMF entity 805, the SnMF discovery entity 810, and the client device 815 may communicate via one or more network interfaces. The one or more network interfaces may include wired connections, wireless connections, and / or logical connections. For example, the SnMF entity 805 and the SnMF discovery entity 810 may be network functions of a core network for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) .
[0127] In some examples, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may be a standalone network function. In some other examples, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may be included in another network function, such as a service discovery function (for example, the service discovery function 540) , an AMF, a gateway (for example, a sensing gateway) , or another network function. In some aspects, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may be referred to as a gateway or a sensing gateway. For example, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may be a logical function configured to select an SnMF entity to be associated with a sensing request (for example, configured to select an SnMF entity to serve a sensing request) .
[0128] The SnMF discovery entity 810 may obtain configuration information for one or more SnMF entities, including the SnMF entity 805. The SnMF discovery entity 810 may obtain the configuration information from a network vendor device (for example, a device associated with a network vendor) . In some aspects, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may be configured with the configuration information prior to deployment (for example, may be pre-configured with the configuration information) . For example, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may obtain the configuration from memory.
[0129] The configuration information may indicate capabilities of respective SnMF entities. An SnMF entity capability may include a supported service area (for example, a geographical area) , a processing capability (for example, one or more sensing outputs that an SnMF entity is capable of determining using sensing data) , one or more supported sensing service types, one or more supported QoS parameters for each supported sensing service type, and / or supported reporting timing, among other examples. For example, the supported service area may be a largest geographical area over which an SnMF entity is managing a sensing service. A QoS parameter may include a confidence level, an accuracy of one or more sensing parameters (for example, an accuracy of a position estimate, an accuracy of a velocity estimate, or an accuracy of another sensing parameter) , a sensing resolution, a sensing service latency (for example, a maximum sensing service latency) , a refreshing rate, a missed detection rate, and / or a false alarm rate, among other examples.
[0130] In some aspects, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may perform a discovery operation to identify the one or more SnMF entities. For example, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may communicate with the one or more SnMF entities and / or another network function to identify the one or more SnMF entities and / or to obtain the configuration information.
[0131] In a first operation 820, the client device 815 may transmit, and the SnMF discovery entity 810 may receive, a sensing request. As used herein, “sensing request” refers to a request for a sensing service (for example, associated with an ISAC service supported by the wireless communication network) . For example, a sensing request may be a request for a given sensing result (for example, object detection, object tracking, environment monitoring, or another sensing type) . For example, a sensing request may originate from the client device and / or an application function (for example, via an NEF) . The sensing request may indicate one or more request parameters.
[0132] For example, the sensing request may include a sensing area parameter. The sensing area parameter may define an area (for example, a geographical area) in which RF sensing is to be performed. For example, for some use cases of RF sensing, a defined sensing area may improve the relevancy and / or accuracy of provided sensing results. For example, for detection on objects in certain area, environment monitoring, pedestrian or animal monitoring (for example, on a given roadway or railway) , weather monitoring (for example, flood detection) , or AGV monitoring in an industrial environment, among other examples, a sensing request may indicate a sensing area in which RF sensing is to be performed. The sensing area parameter may indicate one or more cell identifiers (for example, one or more physical cell identifiers (PCIs) ) , one or more tracking areas, one or more geographical areas, and / or one or more areas relative to a position of a given device (for example, relative to a given UE, network node, or TRP) , among other examples.
[0133] The sensing request may indicate a sensing service type parameter. The sensing service type parameter may indicate a type of service output expected in response to the sensing request. For example, the sensing service type parameter may indicate that a sensing output is expected to indicate one or more characteristics of an object or environment, such as a position, a micro-Doppler, and / or an object detection, among other examples. The sensing request may indicate a QoS parameter. The QoS parameter may indicate one or more QoS requirements for the sensing request and / or a sensing service type requested by the sensing request. The QoS parameter may indicate a confidence level, an accuracy of one or more sensing parameters (for example, an accuracy of a position estimate, an accuracy of a velocity estimate, or an accuracy of another sensing parameter) , a sensing resolution, a sensing service latency (for example, a maximum sensing service latency) , a refreshing rate, a missed detection rate, and / or a false alarm rate, among other examples.
[0134] The sensing request may indicate a timing parameter. The timing parameter may indicate a duration of request RF sensing. For example, the timing parameter may indicate an amount of time for which the RF sensing is to be performed. In some aspects, the timing parameter may indicate a start time and / or an end time for the RF sensing. In some aspects, the timing parameter may indicate a periodicity for the RF sensing (for example, the RF sensing may indicate that RF sensing is to be performed each day during certain times) . In some aspects, the timing parameter may indicate timing for sensing result reports. For example, the timing parameter may indicate a frequency at which sensing results are to be reported to the client device 815.
[0135] In a second operation 825, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine one or more SnMFs using the sensing request (for example, using, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with information indicated by the sensing request) . For example, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine one or more SnMF entities that are capable of and / or that are appropriate to handle the configuration and / or management of one or more SUs to fulfill the sensing request. For example, a wireless communication system may include multiple SnMF entities. Therefore, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may perform one or more operations to select one or more SnMF entities that will be responsible for serving (for example, configuring, managing, and / or fulfilling) the sensing request.
[0136] In some aspects, as part of the second operation 825, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine whether the client device 815 is authorized to request and / or receive sensing services using, based on the one or more request parameters. In some aspects, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may query a network function that provides a sensing authorization service to determine whether the client device 815 is authorized. The sensing authorization service may be a standalone network function or may be a service supported by another network function entity, such as a UDM, and / or a gateway, among other examples. For example, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may transmit, and the sensing authorization service may receive, an identifier of the client device 815 and / or the one or more request parameters. The sensing authorization service may transmit, and the SnMF discovery entity 810 may receive (for example, in response to transmitting the identifier of the client device 815 and / or the one or more request parameters) an indication of whether the client device 815 is authorized to make the sensing request.
[0137] The authorization (for example, the determination of whether the client device 815 is authorized) may be based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with a sensing area parameter, a timing parameter, a sensing service type parameter, one or more QoS parameters, and / or other parameters of the request. As an example, only certain clients (for example, only certain client devices) may be authorized to obtain sensing services for a sensing area, during certain times, and / or with a certain QoS. For example, the SnMF discovery entity 810 and / or another network function entity (for example, that supports the sensing authorization service) may determine whether the client device 815 is authorized to make the sensing request using, based on, or otherwise associated with the sensing area indicated by the sensing request. For example, some geographic areas may be prohibited for RF sensing. As another example, only some clients (for example, some client devices) may be permitted to obtain RF sensing results in a given geographic area.
[0138] In some aspects, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may match information indicated by the sensing request to capabilities of one or more SnMF entities. In other words, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may identify that the SnMF entity 805 is capable of servicing the sensing request using, based on, or otherwise associated with one or more capabilities of the SnMF entity 805. For example, the sensing request may indicate a service area. The SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine that a supported service area of the SnMF entity 805 includes the service area indicated by the sensing request. As another example, the sensing request may indicate a sensing service type. The SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine that the SnMF entity 805 is capable of supporting the sensing service type. As another example, the sensing request may indicate one or more QoS parameters for the sensing service type. The SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine that the SnMF entity 805 is capable of supporting the one or more QoS parameters for the sensing service type. As another example, the sensing request may indicate one or more reporting parameters (for example, sensing results to be reported, a timing of sensing result reports, and / or a frequency at which sensing result reports are to be transmitted) . The SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine that the SnMF entity 805 is capable of supporting the reporting parameters.
[0139] In some aspects, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may determine the one or more SnMF entities to serve the sensing request using, based on, or otherwise associated with load information across the multiple SnMF entities included in the wireless communication network. For example, the SnMF discovery entity may balance a load across SnMF entities. As an example, if two or more SnMF entities are capable of serving the sensing request, then the SnMF discovery entity may select an SnMF entity (for example, the SnMF entity 805) using, based on, or otherwise associated with load information for the two or more SnMF entities. For example, the load information may indicate a quantity of sensing requests being served by a given SnMF entity, a quantity of SUs being managed by the given SnMF entity, and / or other information indicative of a level of processing or operation being performed by the given SnMF entity. The SnMF entity 810 may select the SnMF entity to serve the sensing request such that a load (for example, a processing load or overhead) is balanced across multiple SnMF entities.
[0140] In a third operation 830, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 805 may receive, the sensing request. For example, the SnMF discovery entity 810 may forward the sensing request to the determined and / or selected SnMF entity 805 (for example, determined and / or selected as described in connection with the second operation 825) . This enables the appropriate SnMF entity (for example, the SnMF entity 805) to perform operations (for example, discovering SUs, configuring discovered SUs, and / or otherwise managing the SUs) to enable the sensing request to be performed by one or more SUs included in the wireless communication network, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0141] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating example operations 900 associated with SU discovery in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, a network node 110, a service discovery entity 905, an SnMF entity 910, and an SR 915 may communicate with each other. The service discovery entity 905, the SnMF entity 910, and the SR 915 may communicate via one or more network interfaces (for example, the service discovery entity 905, the SnMF entity 910, and the SR 915 may be network functions or core network functions) . The one or more network interfaces may include wired connections, wireless connections, and / or logical connections. For example, the service discovery entity 905, the SnMF entity 910, and the SR 915 may be network functions of a core network for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . The network node 110 may be included in the wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100.
[0142] The service discovery entity 905 may be a network function configured to store information for and / or provide indication of one or more services supported by the network. In some aspects, the service discovery entity 905 may be a standalone network function. In other aspects, the service discovery entity 905 may be included in another network function, such as an NRF. The SR 915 may be a repository (for example, a database) configured to store information associated with SUs in the wireless communication network. For example, the SR 915 may be a RAN node (for example, a TRP or a network node) repository configured to store information for RAN nodes in the wireless communication network that are capable of being an SU. In other aspects, the SR 915 may be a common repository configured to store information associated with any SUs (for example, RAN nodes and UEs) in the wireless communication network. In some aspects, the SR 915 may be a standalone network function. In other aspects, the SR 915 may be included in the SnMF entity 910. The SR 915 may be a sensing topology service indicating SU locations and / or SU capabilities for SUs included in the wireless communication network.
[0143] The network node 110 may be capable of serving as an SU. For example, the network node 110 may be configured to perform one or more RF sensing operations, as described in more detail elsewhere herein, such as in connection with Figures 4A and 4B. In a first operation 920, the network node 110 may perform sensing service discovery. For example, the service discovery entity 905 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, an indication of one or more services supported by the network. The indication may include an identifier and an address of the service. The one or more services may include a sensing service (for example, an ISAC service as described in more detail elsewhere herein) , wherein the sensing service may include one or more SRs (for example, the SR 915) and / or one or more SnMF entities (for example, the SnMF entity 910) . For example, the sensing service discovery may enable the network node 110 to identify (for example, discover) the existence and / or address of the SR 915 and / or the SnMF entity 910. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the service discovery 905 may receive, a request for the one or more services. In such examples, the service discovery entity 905 may transmit the indication of the one or more services supported based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the request for the one or more services. In some aspects, the communications between the SU and the service discover may happen via an intermediary network function entity, such as an AMF.
[0144] In some aspects, the first operation 920 may include the network node 110 receiving or transmitting configuration information. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate the one or more services supported by the network, such as the sensing service. For example, a SIB may indicate that the sensing service (for example, an ISAC service) is supported by the network.
[0145] In some aspects, the network node 110 and / or the service discovery entity 905 may perform the first operation 920 as part of an initialization of the network node 110 (for example, as part of a connection establish operation for the network node 110) . For example, the network node 110 may establish a connection with a core network (for example, via one or more network functions) . As part of the connection establishment (for example, as part of the first operation 920) , the network node 110 may obtain an indication that a sensing service is supported by the network.
[0146] In a second operation 925, the network node 110 may perform an SU registration operation (for example, a RAN node sensing registration) . For example, the network node 110 may perform the second operation 925 based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with obtaining the indication that the sensing service is supported by the network. For example, the SU registration operation may be initiated by the network node 110 (for example, for the network node 110 to register itself as an SU) .
[0147] For example, the second operation 925 may include the network node 110 transmitting a request to register the network node 110 as an SU. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit the request to the SnMF entity 910. In other aspects, the network node 110 may transmit the request to the SR 915. For example, the first operation 920 may include the network node 110 obtaining an indication of the SnMF entity 910 and / or the SR 915 (for example, obtaining an indication to enable the network node 110 to access and / or communicate with the SnMF entity 910 and / or the SR 915) . In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit the request to a network function (such as an AMF) and the network function may forward the request to the SnMF entity 910 and / or the SR 915. In some aspects, before forwarding the request, the network function (for example, the AMF) may verify the network node 110 (for example, an SU) is authorized to send the request. For example, the AMF may request SU authorization information for the network node 110 from a network function, such as an UDM. In some aspects, the request transmitted by the network node 110 may include an identification of the SnMF entity 910 or the SR 915. In some other aspects, the AMF may perform a selection of the SnMF entity or the SR to which the request is to be forwarded. In some aspects, the SnMF entity 910 may forward the received request to register the network node 110 to the SR 915. The request may be transmitted by the network node 110 by using a NAS protocol (for SUs that are UEs) , using a position protocol (for example, an NR positional protocol A (NRPPA) ) (for SUs that are RAN nodes, such as network nodes 110) , and / or using a user plane protocol, among other examples.
[0148] In other examples, the SnMF entity 910 (or an AMF) may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a request for sensing capabilities of the network node 110. For example, after establishing a connection with the network, one or more network function may transmit, to the network node 110, a request for the registration information (for example, to register the network node 110 as an SU) . The network node 110 may transmit the request to register the network node 110 as an SU based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the request for the registration information from the network function (for example, from the SnMF entity 910 or the AMF) .
[0149] The request to register the network node 110 as an SU may include registration information of the network node 110. For example, the registration information may include an indication of a location of the network node 110 and / or one or more sensing capabilities of the network node 110. The location of the network node 110 may be a geographic location of the network node 110 and / or an indication of one or more cells supported by the network node 110. The one or more sensing capabilities may include a supported service area, the location, one or more supported sensing service types, and / or one or more supported QoS parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types, among other examples.
[0150] The second operation 925 may include the network node 110 registering as an SU with the SR 915 or the SnMF entity 910. For example, the SR 915 or the SnMF entity 910 may store the registration information associated with the network node 110. In some aspects, the second operation 925 may include a network function (for example, the SnMF entity 910, the SR 915, and / or the AMF) transmitting, and the network node 110 receiving, a response indicating that the network node 110 has been successfully registered as an SU. For example, after storing the registration information associated with the network node 110, the SR 915 or the SnMF entity 910 may transmit the response indicating that the network node 110 has been successfully registered as an SU (for example, to the SnMF entity 910, to an AMF, and / or to the network node 110) . In some aspects, the SnMF entity 910 or AMF may forward the response (for example, to the network node 110) indicating that the network node 110 has been successfully registered. The response may be sent to the network node 110 by using a NAS protocol, using an NRPPA, and / or using a user plane protocol.
[0151] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and a network function (for example, the SnMF entity 910, the SR 915, and / or the AMF) may receive, updated registration information. For example, if the registration information changes after the network node 110 is successfully registered as an SU (for example, if a location of the network node 110 changes or if one or more sensing capabilities of the network node 110 change) , then the network node 110 may transmit the updated registration information. The SR 915 may store the updated registration information associated with the network node 110.
[0152] The SR 915 may be accessible by multiple SnMF entities to access information for network nodes that are registered as SUs. For example, a sensing repository service (for example, a sensing topology service supported by the SR 915) may be common across multiple SnMF entities so that the network node 110 only needs to register with the sensing topology service (for example, supported by the SR 915) and multiple SnMF entities may access the registration information associated with the network node 110. This may conserve resources and / or reduce latency that would have otherwise been associated with the network node 110 registering with each SnMF entity.
[0153] For example, in a third operation 930, the SnMF entity 910 may transmit, and the SR 915 may obtain, a request for SU information. For example, the SnMF entity 910 may transmit a request for information of network nodes that are registered as SUs. In some aspects, the SnMF entity 910 may transmit an indication of one or more sensing parameters (for example, that are based on a sensing request) . The SR 915 may identify registration information for one or more SUs based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the request from the SnMF entity 910. For example, the SR 915 may identify one or more network nodes 110 that are capable of supporting the one or more sensing parameters (for example, based on the registration information of respective network nodes 110) . In a fourth operation 935, the SR 915 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 910 may receive, information for at least the network node 110. For example, the SR 915 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 910 may receive, registration information for one or more SUs registered with the SR 915 including the network node 110. This enables the SnMF entity 910 to discover one or more network nodes 110 that are capable of and / or registered as SUs in the wireless communication network. The SnMF entity 910 may perform configuration operations and / or management operations of the one or more network nodes 110 (for example, to service a sensing request) , as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0154] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating example operations 1000 associated with SU discovery in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, a UE 120, a network node 110, the service discovery entity 905, the SnMF entity 910, and the SR 915 may communicate with each other. The service discovery entity 905, the SnMF entity 910, and the SR 915 may communicate via one or more network interfaces (for example, the service discovery entity 905, the SnMF entity 910, and the SR 915 may be network functions or core network functions) . The one or more network interfaces may include wired connections, wireless connections, and / or logical connections. For example, the service discovery entity 905, the SnMF entity 910, and the SR 915 may be network functions of a core network for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . The UE 120 and the network node 110 may be included in the wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100.
[0155] The UE 120 may be capable of serving as an SU. For example, the UE 120 may be configured to perform one or more RF sensing operations, as described in more detail elsewhere herein, such as in connection with Figures 4A and 4B. In some aspects, the example operations 1000 may be performed after the example operations 900 depicted and described in connection with Figure 9 (for example, network node SU discovery may occur prior to UE SU discovery) .
[0156] In a first operation 1005, the network node 110 may perform sensing service discovery. For example, the service discovery entity 905 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, an indication of one or more services supported by the network. The one or more services may include a sensing service (for example, an ISAC service as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the service discovery 905 may receive, a request for the one or more services. In such examples, the service discovery entity 905 may transmit the indication of the one or more services supported based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the request for the one or more services.
[0157] In some aspects, the network node 110 and / or the service discovery entity 905 may perform the first operation 1005 as part of an initialization of the network node 110 (for example, as part of a connection establish operation for the network node 110) . For example, the network node 110 may establish a connection with a core network (for example, via one or more network functions) . As part of the connection establishment (for example, as part of the first operation 1005) , the network node 110 may obtain an indication that a sensing service is supported by the network.
[0158] In a second operation 1010, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, configuration information. The configuration information may be communicated via system information (for example, a master information block (MIB) and / or one or more system information blocks (SIBs) , RRC signaling, MAC signaling (for example, one or more MAC-CEs) , and / or DCI signaling, among other examples.
[0159] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate the one or more services supported by the network, such as the sensing service. For example, a SIB may indicate that the sensing service (for example, an ISAC service) is supported by the network. In other aspects, in a third operation 1015, the UE 120 may perform sensing service discovery. For example, the UE 120 may perform the sensing service discovery in a similar manner as described in connection with the first operation 1005. In some aspects, the third operation 1015 may include the UE 120 receiving, from the network node 110, an indication that the sensing service is supported by the network.
[0160] In some aspects, in a fourth operation 1020, the SnMF entity 910 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a query for UEs that are available for sensing (for example, for an RF sensing operation) . For example, the SnMF entity 910 may transmit the query based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving a sensing request, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. The query may indicate one or more sensing parameters that are based on or otherwise associated with the sensing request (such as one or more request parameters as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . In some aspects, in a fifth operation 1025, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a paging communication. The paging communication may indicate a request to provide registration information for the sensing service. For example, the network node 110 may transmit, to one or more UEs 120 (for example, that have a communication connection with the network node 110) , the request to provide registration information for the sensing service based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the query from the SnMF entity 910 (for example, in the fourth operation 1020) .
[0161] In a sixth operation 1030, the UE 120 may perform a sensing registration operation. In some aspects, the UE 120 may perform the sensing registration based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the indication that the sensing service is supported by the network (for example, in the second operation 1010 or the third operation 1015) . In such examples, the UE 120 may initiate the sensing registration operation. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 120 may perform the sensing registration based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the request to provide registration information for the sensing service (for example, in the fifth operation 1025) . In such examples, the SnMF entity 910 (or the network node 110) may initiate the sensing registration operation.
[0162] For example, the sixth operation 1030 may include the UE 120 transmitting a request to register the UE 120 as an SU. In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit the request to the SnMF entity 910 (for example, via the network node 110) . In other aspects, the UE 120 may transmit the request to the SR 915 (for example, via the network node 110) . In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit the request to a network function (such as an AMF) , via the network node 110, and the network function may forward the request to the SnMF entity 910 and / or the SR 915. In some aspects, before forwarding the request, the network function (for example, the AMF) may verify the UE 120 (for example, an SU) is authorized to send the request. For example, the AMF may request SU authorization information for the UE 120 from a network function, such as an UDM. In some aspects, the request transmitted by the UE 120 may include an identification of the SnMF entity 910 or the SR 915. In some other aspects, the AMF may perform a selection of the SnMF entity or the SR to which the request is to be forwarded. In some aspects, the SnMF entity 910 may forward the received request to register the UE 120 to the SR 915. The request may be transmitted by the network node 110 by using a NAS protocol, using a position protocol (for example, an NRPPA) , and / or using a user plane protocol, among other examples.
[0163] The request to register the UE 120 as an SU may include registration information of the UE 120. For example, the registration information may include an indication of a location of the UE 120 and / or one or more sensing capabilities of the UE 120. The location of the UE 120 may be an approximate geographic location of the UE 120 and / or an indication of a cell via which the UE 120 is currently communicating with the network. The one or more sensing capabilities may include a supported service area, the location, one or more supported sensing service types, and / or one or more supported QoS parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types, among other examples.
[0164] The sixth operation 1030 may include the UE 120 registering as an SU with the SR 915. For example, the SR 915 may be configured to store registration information for UEs 120 that are SUs and / or for any SU operating in the network. The SR 915 may store the registration information associated with the UE 120. In some aspects, the sixth operation 1030 may include a network function (for example, the SnMF entity 910, the SR 915, and / or the AMF) transmitting, and the UE 120 receiving, a response indicating that the UE 120 has been successfully registered as an SU. For example, after storing the registration information associated with the UE 120, the SR 915 may transmit the response indicating that the UE 120 has been successfully registered as an SU (for example, to the SnMF entity 910, to an AMF, the network node 110, and / or the UE 120) .
[0165] In some aspects, the sixth operation 1030 may include the UE 120 transmitting capability information for the sensing service. For example, in the sixth operation 1030, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a capability report. The UE 120 may transmit the capability report via an uplink communication, a UE assistance information (UAI) communication, an uplink control information (UCI) communication, an uplink MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , and / or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , among other examples. The capability report may indicate one or more parameters associated with respective capabilities of the UE 120. The one or more parameters may be indicated via respective information elements (IEs) included in the capability report.
[0166] The capability report may indicate whether the UE 120 supports a feature and / or one or more parameters related to the feature. For example, the capability report may indicate a capability and / or parameter for the sensing service described herein. As another example, the capability report may indicate a capability and / or parameter for one or more sensing capabilities described herein. One or more operations described herein may be based on capability information of the capabilities report. For example, the UE 120 may perform a communication in accordance with the capability information, or may receive configuration information that is in accordance with the capability information. In some aspects, the capability report may indicate UE support for serving as an SU, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the capability report may include the registration information associated with the UE 120. The network node 110 may store the registration information and / or may forward the registration information to a network function, such as the AMF, the SnMF entity 910, and / or the SR 915.
[0167] In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 or a network function (for example, the SnMF entity 910, the SR 915, and / or the AMF) may receive, updated registration information. For example, if the registration information changes after the UE 120 is successfully registered as an SU (for example, if a location of the UE 120 changes or if one or more sensing capabilities of the UE 120 change) , then the UE 120 may transmit the updated registration information. The SR 915 may store the updated registration information associated with the UE 120.
[0168] The SR 915 may be accessible by multiple SnMF entities to access information for UEs that are registered as SUs. For example, a sensing topology service (for example, supported by the SR 915) may be common across multiple SnMF entities so that the UE 120 only needs to register with the sensing topology service (for example, supported by the SR 915) and multiple SnMF entities may access the registration information associated with the UE 120. This may conserve resources and / or reduce latency that would have otherwise been associated with the UE 120 registering with each SnMF entity.
[0169] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating example operations 1100 associated with SU configuration in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, an SU 1105 (for example, the SU 160) , a network node 110 (for example, an NG-RAN node) , an AMF 1110, an SnMF entity 1115, and a client device 1120 may communicate with each other. The AMF 1110 and the SnMF entity 1115 may communicate via one or more network interfaces (for example, the AMF 1110 and the SnMF entity 1115 may be network functions or core network functions) . The one or more network interfaces may include wired connections, wireless connections, and / or logical connections. For example, the AMF 1110 and the SnMF entity 1115 may be network functions of a core network for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . The SU 1105 and the network node 110 may be included in the wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100. The SU 1105 may be a UE 120, a network node 110 (for example, a TRP) , or a sensor (for example, a camera, a LiDAR sensor, or another type of sensor) .
[0170] In a first operation 1125, a network function entity (shown as the AMF 1110 in Figure 11) may perform an SnMF selection configuration. For example, the AMF 1110 may be configured with a list of one or more SnMF entities (including the SnMF entity 1115) that are available for the sensing service supported by the network. For example, in the first operation 1125, the AMF 1110 may be configured with a list of SnMF entities that are available to select from. Additionally, the AMF 1110 may be configured with communication addresses of respective SnMF entities included in the list. Additionally, the AMF 1110 may be configured with one or more capabilities of respective SnMF entities.
[0171] For example, each SnMF entity may be associated with one or more SnMF entity capabilities, as described in connection with Figure 8. For example, an SnMF entity capability may include a supported service area (for example, a geographical area) , a processing capability (for example, one or more sensing outputs that an SnMF entity is capable of determining using sensing data) , one or more supported sensing service types, one or more supported QoS parameters for each supported sensing service type, and / or supported reporting timing, among other examples. For example, the supported service area may be a largest geographical area over which an SnMF entity is managing a sensing service. A QoS parameter may include a confidence level, an accuracy of one or more sensing parameters (for example, an accuracy of a position estimate, an accuracy of a velocity estimate, or an accuracy of another sensing parameter) , a sensing resolution, a sensing service latency (for example, a maximum sensing service latency) , a refreshing rate, a missed detection rate, and / or a false alarm rate, among other examples.
[0172] In some aspects, the first operation 1125 may include one or more operations described in connection with Figure 8. For example, the AMF 1110 may be configured with available SnMF entities in a similar manner as the SnMF discovery entity 810. In some aspects, the first operation 1125 may include the AMF 1110 receiving, from the SnMF discovery entity 810 or another network function, an indication of the list of available SnMF entities (for example, where the SnMF discovery entity 810 obtains the list of available SnMF entities in a similar manner as described in connection with Figure 8) . As another example, the AMF 1110 may communicate with one or more SnMF entities to request and / or obtain the available SnMF entities (and associated SnMF entity capabilities) , in a similar manner as described in connection with Figure 8.
[0173] In a second operation 1130, the SnMF entity 1115 may obtain configurations of one or more network nodes. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may obtain an indication of identifiers of respective network nodes, including the network node 110. In some aspects, the SnMF entity 1115 may obtain configurations for network nodes that are configured to operate in a supported service area of the SnMF entity 1115. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may be configured with the configurations of the one or more network nodes that support cells in a supported service area of the SnMF entity 1115. A configuration of a network node (for example, the network node 110) may include an identifier of the network node, a location of the network node, and / or one or more capabilities of the network node (for example, one or more sensing capabilities) . In some aspects, the second operation 1130 may include the SnMF entity 1115 receiving the configurations of the one or more network nodes from another network function, such as the AMF 1110, an SR, or another network function. In some aspects, the second operation 1130 may include the SnMF entity 1115 receiving the configurations of the one or more network nodes from respective network nodes.
[0174] The second operation 1130 may include one or more operations as described in connection with Figure 9. For example, the one or more network nodes may register as SUs. The SnMF entity 1115 may obtain the registration information for respective network nodes that are configured to operate in the supporting service area of the SnMF entity 1115. Additionally or alternatively, the SnMF entity 1115 may obtain an indication of any network nodes that are configured to operate in the supporting service area of the SnMF entity 1115. In some aspects, the SnMF entity 1115 may receive an indication of the configurations of the one or more network nodes via a sensing request (for example, from the AMF 1110, such as in a sixth operation 1150 described herein) .
[0175] In a third operation 1135, the SU 1105 and the network node 110 may perform a communication connection establishment procedure. For example, the SU 1105 and the network node 110 may establish a communication connection. In some aspects, the third operation 1135 may include one or more operations described in connection with Figure 10. For example, the SU 1105 may register (for example, with the network node 110, the SnMF entity 1115, and / or an SR) as an SU for the sensing service. For example, the third operation 1135 may include the network node 110 receiving registration information for the SU 1105.
[0176] In a fourth operation 1140, the client device 1120 may transmit, and the AMF 1110 may receive, a sensing request. For example, the sensing request may be a request for a given sensing result (for example, object detection, object tracking, environment monitoring, or another sensing type) . For example, a sensing request may originate from the client device and / or an application function (for example, via an NEF) . The sensing request may be similar to the sensing request described in connection with Figure 8. For example, the sensing request may include a sensing area parameter, a sensing service type parameter, one or more QoS parameters, and / or a timing parameter, among other examples.
[0177] In a fifth operation 1145, a network function entity (shown as the AMF 1110 as an example in Figure 11) may select an SnMF entity to serve the sensing request. In some other aspects, another network function entity, such as a gateway, may perform the fifth operation 1145 in a similar manner. The AMF 1110 may determine one or more SnMF entities using the sensing request (for example, using, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with information indicated by the sensing request) . For example, the AMF 1110 may determine or select the one or more SnMF entities in a similar manner as described in connection with Figure 8 and / or the second operation 825. For example, the AMF 1110 may determine one or more SnMF entities that are capable of and / or that are appropriate to handle the configuration and / or management of one or more SUs to fulfill the sensing request.
[0178] For example, the AMF 1110 may match information indicated by the sensing request to capabilities of one or more SnMF entities. In other words, the AMF 1110 may identify that the SnMF entity 1115 is capable of servicing the sensing request using, based on, or otherwise associated with one or more capabilities of the SnMF entity 1115. For example, the sensing request may indicate a service area. The AMF 1110 may determine that a supported service area of the SnMF entity 1115 includes the service area indicated by the sensing request. The AMF 1110 may determine that the SnMF entity 1115 is capable of servicing the sensing request using one or more other parameters of the sensing request, in a similar manner as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0179] In a sixth operation 1150, the AMF 1110 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 1115 may receive, the sensing request. For example, the AMF 1110 may route or forward the sensing request to the SnMF entity 1115 based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with selecting the SnMF entity 1115 to serve the sensing request (for example, in the fifth operation 1145) .
[0180] In a seventh operation 1155, the SnMF entity 1115 may select one or more network nodes using information indicated by the sensing request. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may determine whether one or more network nodes are capable of fulfilling the sensing request. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may analyze registration information of network nodes that are registered as SUs. In some aspects, the SnMF entity 1115 may select the one or more network nodes by communicating with one or more SRs, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. The SnMF entity 1115 may identify any network nodes that are capable of performing RF sensing operations for the sensing request (for example, based on a location of the network nodes and / or sensing capabilities of the network nodes) .
[0181] In some aspects, the SnMF entity 1115 may select one or more network nodes that are configured to operate in a sensing area indicated by the sensing request. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may use the configurations of one or more network nodes (for example, obtained as part of the second operation 1130) to identify or select one or more network nodes (for example, the network node 110) that are configured to operate in a sensing area indicated by the sensing request. If the requested sensing operation (indicated by the sensing request) can be carried out by one or more network nodes, then the SnMF entity 1115 may procced with configuring a sensing configuration for the one or more network nodes (for example, in a tenth operation 1170 described herein) .
[0182] In some aspects, in an eighth operation 1160, the SnMF entity 1115 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, an indication of the sensing request. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may select the network node 110 in the seventh operation 1155. The SnMF entity 1115 may transmit, to the network node 110, an indication of one or more parameters indicated by the sensing request and a request for an indication of SUs capable of fulfilling the sensing request. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, an SU discovery request (for example, a UE discovery request) .
[0183] In a ninth operation 1165, the network node 110 may select one or more SUs based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the one or more parameters indicated by the sensing request (for example, received as part of the eighth operation 1160) . For example, the network node 110 may select one or more SUs that are operating in a cell supported by the network node 110 that have sensing capabilities that meet one or more criteria indicated by the one or more parameters of the sensing request. For example, the network node 110 may identify one or more SUs that are configured to operate in a sensing area indicated by the sensing request. Additionally, the network node 110 may identify one or more SUs that have sensing capabilities that are sufficient to perform RF sensing operation (s) indicated by the sensing request. The one or more SUs selected by the network node 110 in the ninth operation 1165 may be UEs that have a communication connection with the network node 110.
[0184] For example, the network node 110 may obtain registration information for one or more SUs (for example, for one or more UEs 120) when the SUs establish a communication connection with the network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may transmit (for example, via capability signaling) , and the network node 110 may receive, registration information for the sensing service. The network node 110 may use registration information for respective SUs to select the one or more SUs that are capable of performing RF sensing operations in accordance with the sensing request. For example, the sensing request may indicate one or more parameters that define one or more criteria for the sensing request. The network node 110 may determine, using sensing capabilities of respective SU, the one or more SUs that are capable of meeting the one or more criteria for the sensing request.
[0185] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 1115 may receive, an indication of the one or more SUs selected by the network node 110. For example, in response to the sensing request transmitted as part of the eighth operation 1160, the network node 110 may transmit an indication of one or more SUs (for example, one or more UEs and / or the SU 1105) that are capable of performing RF sensing operations indicated by the sensing request. In some other aspects, the network node 110 may not transmit the indication of the one or more SUs. For example, the SUs used to fulfill the sensing request may be selected by the network node 110 and may be transparent to the SnMF entity 1115. In such examples, a network node 110 that selects an SU may manage the sensing configuration for that SU. In other aspects, the SnMF entity 1115 may obtain an indication of the one or more SUs and may manage the sensing configurations for the one or more SUs.
[0186] In a tenth operation 1170, the SU 1105 may receive a sensing configuration. The sensing configuration may be for the sensing request. For example, the sensing configuration may configure one or more reference signals to be measured by the SU 1105 and / or one or more RF sensing operations to be performed by the SU 1105. For example, the SU 1105 may be selected in association with registration information of the SU 1105 and the one or more sensing parameters indicated by the sensing request (for example, selected in the ninth operation 1165) . In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the SU 1105 may receive, the sensing configuration. In some other aspects, the SnMF entity 1115 may transmit, and the SU 1105 may receive (via the network node 110) , the sensing configuration.
[0187] For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a request to configure the one or more selected SUs with a sensing configuration. The network node 110 may determine the sensing configuration (for example, using the one or more sensing parameters indicated by the sensing request) . The network node 110 may transmit, and the SU 1105 may receive, the sensing configuration. In some other aspects, the SnMF entity 1115 may configure the one or more SUs. For example, the SnMF entity 1115 may determine the sensing configuration (for example, using the one or more sensing parameters indicated by the sensing request) . The SnMF entity 1115 may transmit, and the SU 1105 may receive (for example, via the network node 110) , the sensing configuration.
[0188] The SU 1105 may perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data. In some aspects, the SU 1105 may perform processing using the sensing data to generate sensing results. In other aspects, the SU 1105 may transmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data (for example, to the network node 110 or another entity) . In such examples, the network node 110 may perform processing using the sensing data to generate sensing results. Alternatively, the SU 1105 or the network node 110 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 1115 may receive, the sensing data. In such examples, the SnMF entity 1115 may perform processing using the sensing data to generate sensing results. The SnMF entity 1115 may transmit, and the client device 1120 may receive (for example, via a sensing gateway or a NEF) , the sensing results.
[0189] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating example operations 1200 associated with SU configuration in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, an SU 1205 (for example, the SU 160) , a network node 110 (for example, an NG-RAN node) , an AMF 1210, an SnMF entity 1215, and an NRF 1220. The AMF 1210, the SnMF entity 1215, and the NRF 1220 may communicate via one or more network interfaces (for example, the AMF 1210, the SnMF entity 1215, and the NRF 1220 may be network functions or core network functions) . The one or more network interfaces may include wired connections, wireless connections, and / or logical connections. For example, the AMF 1210, the SnMF entity 1215, and the NRF 1220 may be network functions of a core network for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . The SU 1205 and the network node 110 may be included in the wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100. The SU 1205 may be a UE 120, a network node 110 (for example, a TRP) , or a sensor (for example, a camera, a LiDAR sensor, or another type of sensor) . The NRF 1220 may be, or may include, an SR (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . For example, the NRF 1220 may store registration information for respective SUs, such as the SU 1205, that are registered with a sensing service provided by the network.
[0190] In a similar manner as described in more detail elsewhere herein, the AMF 1210 may be configured with information to enable the device to select and / or identify SnMF entities. For example, in a first operation 1225, the AMF 1210 may obtain configuration information for respective SnMF entities including the SnMF entity 1215. The first operation 1225 may be similar to, or may be the same as, the first operation 1125 described in connection with Figure 11.
[0191] The operations 1200 may be associated with a procedure in which SUs initiate an association with a given SnMF entity. For example, in a second operation 1230, the SU 1205 may transmit, and the AMF 1210 may receive, a transport communication indicating an SU association request. The transport communication may be an uplink non-access stratus (NAS) transport communication. The transport communication may indicate an identifier of the SU 1205 and / or registration information associated with the SU 1205, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0192] For example, the transport communication may indicate a position of the SU 1205. For example, the transport communication may indicate an identifier of a cell via which the SU 1205 is communicating with the wireless communication network. As another example, the transport communication may indicate an estimated geographic location of the SU 1205. In some aspects, the transport communication may indicate a routing identifier. The transport communication may indicate one or more sensing capabilities of the SU 1205. The one or more sensing capabilities may be similar to sensing capabilities described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0193] In a third operation 1235, the AMF 1210 may verify the SU 1205 and / or select an SnMF entity to be associated with the SU 1205. The AMF 1210 may verify the SU 1205 by verifying information indicated by the transport communication, such as the routing identifier, the location indication, and / or the one or more sensing capabilities. The AMF 1210 may select the SnMF entity 1215 to be associated with the SU 1205. For example, the AMF 1210 may select the SnMF entity 1215 using information indicated by the transport communication and a configuration of the SnMF entity 1215. For example, the AMF 1210 may determine that the SnMF entity 1215 is configured to support a service area in which the SU 1205 is included or located. Additionally or alternatively, the AMF 1210 may determine that the SnMF entity 1215 is configured to support one or more sensing service types that are supported by the SU 1205.
[0194] For example, the AMF 1210 may route the association request of the SU 1205 to an appropriate SnMF entity based on the location and / or sensing capabilities of the SU 1205 and the configuration of the SnMF entity. In some aspects, the SnMF entities and AMF 1210 are pre-configured. For example, the AMF 1210 may be configured with criteria that allows the AMF 1210 to route the association request from the SU to the appropriate SnMF entity, such as SnMF service areas and / or sensor types or capabilities of interest for a given SnMF entity. In some aspects, the association request may be addressed to a specific SnMF entity (via AMF 1210) , if the SnMF entity address is pre-configured.
[0195] In a fourth operation 1240, the AMF 1210 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 1215 may receive, an SU association request for the SU 1205. For example, the AMF 1210 may route or forward the association request to the SnMF entity 1215 based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with selecting the SnMF entity 1215 (for example, in the third operation 1235) .
[0196] In some aspects, the SnMF entity 1215 may determine whether to accept or reject the association request. For example, the SnMF entity 1215 may determine whether to accept or reject the association request using, based on, or otherwise associated with the location of the SU 1205 and / or one or more sensing capabilities of the SU 1205. For example, the SnMF entity 1215 may determine whether the SU 1205 is located within a service area supported by the SnMF entity 1215. If the SU 1205 is located within the service area, then the SnMF entity 1215 may determine to accept the SU association request. If the SU 1205 is not located within the service area, then the SnMF entity 1215 may determine to reject the SU association request. Additionally, the SnMF entity 1215 may determine whether the SU 1205 supports one or more sensing capabilities that are associated with or required by the SnMF entity 1215. If the SU 1205 supports the one or more sensing capabilities, then the SnMF entity 1215 may determine to accept the SU association request. If the SU 1205 does not support the one or more sensing capabilities, then the SnMF entity 1215 may determine to reject the SU association request.
[0197] In a fifth operation 1245, the SnMF entity 1215 may transmit, and the AMF 1210 may receive, an SU association response. The SU association response may indicate whether the association request is accepted or rejected. In a sixth operation 1250, the AMF 1210 may transmit, and the SU 1205 may receive, a transport communication (for example, a second transport communication) . The transport communication may be a downlink NAS transport communication. The transport communication may include the SU association response. For example, the transport communication may indicate whether the association request is accepted or rejected. Additionally, the transport communication may indicate the routing identifier (for example, indicated by the transport communication in the second operation 1230) .
[0198] In some aspects, in a seventh operation 1255, the SnMF entity 1215 may transmit, and the NRF 1220 may receive, an indication of SU existence. For example, if the SnMF entity 1215 determine to accept the SU association request, the SnMF entity 1215 may transmit, and the NRF 1220 may receive, registration information for the SU 1205, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. The NRF 1220 may store the registration information for the SU 1205. This may enable other SnMF entities to access the registration information for the SU 1205 (for example, for sensing requests serviced by the other SnMF entities) . In an eighth operation 1260, the NRF 1220 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 1215 may receive, a confirmation that the registration information has been stored by the NRF 1220.
[0199] After receiving a sensing request (for example, via the AMF 1210, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) , the SnMF entity 1215 may select one or more SUs that have registered with and / or associated with the SnMF entity 1215 to perform RF sensing operations for the sensing request. Alternatively, the SnMF entity 1215 may transmit, and the NRF 1220 may receive, a request for SUs capable of performing the RF sensing operations for the sensing request. The NRF 1220 may provide the SnMF entity 1215 with an indication of one or more SUs. The SnMF entity 1215 may cause the one or more SUs to be configured with a sensing configuration, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0200] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating example operations 1300 associated with SU configuration in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 13, an SU 1305 (for example, the SU 160) , a network node 110 (for example, an NG-RAN node) , an AMF 1310, an SnMF entity 1315, and an NRF 1320. The AMF 1310, the SnMF entity 1315, and the NRF 1320 may communicate via one or more network interfaces (for example, the AMF 1310, the SnMF entity 1315, and the NRF 1320 may be network functions or core network functions) . The one or more network interfaces may include wired connections, wireless connections, and / or logical connections. For example, the AMF 1310, the SnMF entity 1315, and the NRF 1320 may be network functions of a core network for a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100 (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . The SU 1305 and the network node 110 may be included in the wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 100. The SU 1305 may be a UE 120, a network node 110 (for example, a TRP) , or a sensor (for example, a camera, a LiDAR sensor, or another type of sensor) . The NRF 1320 may be, or may include, an SR (for example, as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . For example, the NRF 1320 may store registration information for respective SUs, such as the SU 1305, that are registered with a sensing service provided by the network.
[0201] The operations 1300 may be associated with a procedure in which SUs initiate an association with a given SnMF entity via the NRF 1320. For example, in a first operation 1325, the SU 1305 may transmit, and the AMF 1310 may receive, a transport communication indicating an SU association request. The transport communication may be an uplink NAS transport communication. The transport communication may indicate an identifier of the SU 1305 and / or registration information associated with the SU 1305, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0202] For example, the transport communication may indicate a position of the SU 1305. For example, the transport communication may indicate an identifier of a cell via which the SU 1305 is communicating with the wireless communication network. As another example, the transport communication may indicate an estimated geographic location of the SU 1305. In some aspects, the transport communication may indicate a routing identifier. The transport communication may indicate one or more sensing capabilities of the SU 1305. The one or more sensing capabilities may be similar to sensing capabilities described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0203] In a second operation 1330, the AMF 1310 may verify the SU 1305. The AMF 1310 may verify the SU 1305 by verifying information indicated by the transport communication, such as the routing identifier, the location indication, and / or the one or more sensing capabilities. The AMF 1310 may route the association request of the SU 1305 to the NRF 1320. For example, in a third operation 1335, the AMF 1310 may transmit, and the NRF 1320 may receive, an SU association request for the SU 1305. For example, the AMF 1310 may route or forward the association request to the NRF 1320.
[0204] The NRF 1320 may store the registration information for the SU 1305, in a similar manner as described elsewhere herein. In a fifth operation 1340, the NRF 1320 may transmit, and the AMF 1310 may receive, an SU association response. The SU association response may indicate that the registration information for the SU 1305 has been stored by the NRF 1320. In a sixth operation 1345, the AMF 1310 may transmit, and the SU 1305 may receive, a transport communication (for example, a second transport communication) . The transport communication may be a downlink NAS transport communication. The transport communication may include the SU association response. For example, the transport communication may indicate whether the association request is accepted or rejected. Additionally, the transport communication may indicate the routing identifier (for example, indicated by the transport communication in the first operation 1325) .
[0205] In some aspects, in a seventh operation 1350, the NRF 1320 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 1315 may receive, an SU association request. For example, the NRF 1320 may select the SnMF entity 1315 using, based on, or otherwise associated with the registration information of the SU 1305. For example, the NRF 1320 may select the SnMF entity in a similar manner as described in connection with the third operation 1235 described in connection with Figure 12. For example, the NRF 1320 may route an association request to the relevant (pre-configured) SnMF entities, based on criteria comprising SnMF service area, SnMF entity and SU capabilities, type of sensing service, and / or QoS parameter (s) , among other examples.
[0206] In some aspects, the SnMF entity 1315 may determine whether to accept or reject the association request. For example, the SnMF entity 1315 may determine whether to accept or reject the association request using, based on, or otherwise associated with the location of the SU 1305 and / or one or more sensing capabilities of the SU 1305. For example, the SnMF entity 1315 may determine whether the SU 1305 is located within a service area supported by the SnMF entity 1315. If the SU 1305 is located within the service area, then the SnMF entity 1315 may determine to accept the SU association request. If the SU 1305 is not located within the service area, then SnMF entity 1315 may determine to reject the SU association request. Additionally, the SnMF entity 1315 may determine whether the SU 1305 supports one or more sensing capabilities that are associated with or required by the SnMF entity 1315. If the SU 1305 supports the one or more sensing capabilities, then the SnMF entity 1315 may determine to accept the SU association request. If the SU 1305 does not support the one or more sensing capabilities, then SnMF entity 1315 may determine to reject the SU association request.
[0207] In an eighth operation 1355, the SnMF entity 1315 may transmit, and the NRF 1320 may receive, an SU association response. The SU association response may indicate whether the association request is accepted or rejected. The NRF 1320 may store an indication of one or more SnMF entities associated with respective SUs. For example, if the SU association response indicates that the SnMF entity 1315 accepts the association, then the NRF 1320 may store an indication that the SU 1305 is associated with the SnMF entity 1315. For example, the SnMF entity 1315 may confirm or reject the association with the SU 1305. This may ensure that the NRF 1320 is aware of interest of the SnMF entity 1315 in the SU 1305, so that any change in association and / or capabilities received from the SU 1305 can be forwarded to the SnMF entity 1315.
[0208] The AMF 1310 may receive a sensing request, in a similar manner as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In a seventh operation 1360, the AMF 1310 may transmit (for example, forward or route) , and the SnMF entity 1315 may receive, the sensing request. For example, the AMF 1310 may route the sensing request to the SnMF entity 1315 in a similar manner as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some aspects, after receiving the sensing request (for example, via the AMF 1310) , the SnMF entity 1315 may select one or more SUs that have registered with and / or associated with the SnMF entity 1315 to perform RF sensing operations for the sensing request (for example, if the fifth operation 1350 and / or the sixth operation 1355 are performed) .
[0209] Alternatively, in a ninth operation 1365, the SnMF entity 1315 may transmit, and the NRF 1320 may receive, a request for SUs capable of performing the RF sensing operations for the sensing request (for example, an SU query) . In a tenth operation 1370, the NRF 1320 may transmit, and the SnMF entity 1315 may receive, an indication of one or more SUs (for example, an SU list) . For example, the NRF 1320 may respond to the SU query with an indication of SU (s) capable of performing RF sensing operation (s) indicated by the sensing request.
[0210] In some aspects, in an eleventh operation 1375, the SnMF entity 1315 may transmit, and the NRF 1320 may receive, an SU association response (for example, in response to the SU list) . The SU association response may indicate whether associations with SU (s) indicated by the SU list are accepted or rejected by the SnMF entity 1315, in a similar manner as described elsewhere herein. The SnMF entity 1315 may cause the one or more SUs to be configured with a sensing configuration, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0211] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1400 performed, for example, at a SU or an apparatus of an SU that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1400 is an example where the apparatus or the SU (for example, SU 160, a UE 120, a network node 110, or another SU described herein) performs operations associated with sensing service discovery and configuration.
[0212] As shown in Figure 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving an indication of a sensing service supported by a network (block 1410) . For example, the SU (such as by using communication manager 1608 or reception component 1602, depicted in Figure 16) may receive an indication of a sensing service supported by a network, as described above.
[0213] As further shown in Figure 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include transmitting registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service (block 1420) . For example, the SU (such as by using communication manager 1608 or transmission component 1604, depicted in Figure 16) may transmit registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service, as described above.
[0214] As further shown in Figure 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request (block 1430) . For example, the SU (such as by using communication manager 1608 or reception component 1602, depicted in Figure 16) may receive, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request, as described above.
[0215] As further shown in Figure 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include performing, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data (block 1440) . For example, the SU (such as by using communication manager 1608 or RF sensing component 1610, depicted in Figure 16) may perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data, as described above.
[0216] As further shown in Figure 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include transmitting, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data (block 1450) . For example, the SU (such as by using communication manager 1608 or transmission component 1604, depicted in Figure 16) may transmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data, as described above.
[0217] Process 1400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0218] In a first additional aspect, the one or more sensing capabilities indicate at least one of a supported service area, a location of the SU, one or more supported sensing service types, or one or more supported QoS parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.
[0219] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, receiving the indication of the sensing service includes receiving, from a service discovery function of the network, the indication of the sensing service.
[0220] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1400 includes receiving, from a network function or a network node, a request for the one or more sensing capabilities, and transmitting the registration information is responsive to receiving the request.
[0221] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, transmitting the registration information includes transmitting the registration information to a sensing repository associated with the network.
[0222] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, receiving the indication of the sensing service includes receiving system information indicating the sensing service.
[0223] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 1400 includes transmitting updated registration information in association with detecting a change in at least one of the one or more sensing capabilities.
[0224] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, transmitting the updated registration information includes transmitting, to a sensing management function of the network, the updated registration information.
[0225] In an eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, transmitting the registration information includes transmitting, to an AMF of the network, a transport communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.
[0226] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, transmitting the registration information includes transmitting, to an NRF of the network, a communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.
[0227] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the registration information includes an association request to associate the SU with one or more sensing management functions of the network.
[0228] In an eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process 1400 includes receiving an association response indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0229] In a twelfth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, receiving the sensing configuration includes receiving, from a network node, the sensing configuration.
[0230] In a thirteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, receiving the sensing configuration includes receiving, from a sensing management function of the network, the sensing configuration.
[0231] In a fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the SU is a UE.
[0232] In a fifteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the SU is a network node.
[0233] In a sixteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the SU includes a sensor (for example, a non-3GPP sensor) .
[0234] Although Figure 14 shows example blocks of process 1400, in some aspects, process 1400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 14. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1400 may be performed in parallel.
[0235] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1500 performed, for example, at a network function entity or an apparatus of a network function entity that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1500 is an example where the apparatus or the network function entity (for example, a network node 170, an SnMF entity, an AMF, or another network function entity) performs operations associated with sensing service discovery and configuration.
[0236] As shown in Figure 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include receiving registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network (block 1510) . For example, the network function entity (such as by using communication manager 1708 or reception component 1702, depicted in Figure 17) may receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network, as described above.
[0237] As further shown in Figure 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include receiving a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters (block 1520) . For example, the network function entity (such as by using communication manager 1708 or reception component 1702, depicted in Figure 17) may receive a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters, as described above.
[0238] As further shown in Figure 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include transmitting, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters (block 1530) . For example, the network function entity (such as by using communication manager 1708 or transmission component 1704, depicted in Figure 17) may transmit, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters, as described above.
[0239] Process 1500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0240] In a first additional aspect, the sensing capabilities indicate at least one of a supported service area, a location, one or more supported sensing service types, or one or more supported QoS parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.
[0241] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1500 includes transmitting, to the one or more SUs or a network node, a request for the registration information, and receiving the registration information is responsive to transmitting the request.
[0242] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1500 includes storing the sensing capabilities in one or more sensing repositories of the network.
[0243] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the one or more sensing parameters indicate a sensing area, and process 1500 includes selecting one or more network nodes included in the sensing area, and transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, a request the sensing capabilities for any SUs associated with the one or more network nodes.
[0244] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the network function entity is an AMF entity, and process 1500 includes selecting, based on the one or more sensing parameters, one or more SnMF entities, and transmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, the sensing request.
[0245] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the network function entity is an SnMF entity, where receiving the sensing request includes receiving, from an AMF entity, the sensing request.
[0246] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 1500 includes selecting, using the one or more sensing parameters, one or more network nodes.
[0247] In an eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, transmitting the sensing configuration includes transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, the sensing configuration, where the at least one SU includes the one or more network nodes.
[0248] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process 1500 includes transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, a discovery request for SUs associated with the one or more network nodes, and receiving, from the one or more network nodes, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0249] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, transmitting the sensing configuration includes transmitting, to the at least one SU, the sensing configuration.
[0250] In an eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, transmitting the sensing configuration includes transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, an indication to provide the sensing configuration to the at least one SU.
[0251] In a twelfth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the network function entity is an AMF entity, and receiving the registration information includes receiving one or more transport communications indicating the sensing capabilities.
[0252] In a thirteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, process 1500 includes selecting, using the sensing capabilities, one or more SnMF entities, and transmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0253] In a fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, process 1500 includes receiving, from the one or more SnMF entities, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected, and transmitting, to the one or more SUs, a communication indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0254] In a fifteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the sensing capabilities include locations of the respective SUs, and process 1500 includes selecting, using the locations of the respective SUs, one or more sensing repositories, and transmitting, to the one or more sensing repositories, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0255] In a sixteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the network function entity is an SnMF entity, and receiving the registration information includes receiving, from an AMF entity, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs, and transmitting, to the AMF entity, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0256] In a seventeenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the network function entity is a sensing repository, and receiving the registration information includes receiving, from an AMF entity, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs, and transmitting, to the AMF entity, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0257] In an eighteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, process 1500 includes selecting, using the sensing capabilities, one or more SnMF entities, and transmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, another association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0258] In a nineteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, process 1500 includes receiving, from an SnMF entity, a request for SUs that are associated with one or more criteria, and transmitting, to the SnMF entity, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0259] In a twentieth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the network function entity is an SnMF entity, and process 1500 includes transmitting, to a sensing repository, a request for SUs that are associated with one or more criteria, where the one or more criteria are based on the sensing request, and receiving, from the sensing repository, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0260] In a twenty-first additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of a sensing area, a sensing service type, one or more QoS parameters, or timing information for reporting sensing data.
[0261] In a twenty-second additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, the network function entity is an AMF entity.
[0262] In a twenty-third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, the network function entity is an SnMF entity.
[0263] In a twenty-fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, process 1500 includes authorizing the sensing request in association with the one or more sensing parameters.
[0264] Although Figure 15 shows example blocks of process 1500, in some aspects, process 1500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 15. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1500 may be performed in parallel.
[0265] Figure 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1600 for wireless communication that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1600 may be a SU, or a SU may include the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 includes a reception component 1602, a transmission component 1604, and a communication manager 1608, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . The communication manager 1608 may be, or may be similar to, the communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 150. As shown, the apparatus 1600 may communicate with another apparatus 1606 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 1602 and the transmission component 1604.
[0266] In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 8-13. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1400 of Figure 14. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may include one or more components of the UE or the network node described above in connection with Figure 2.
[0267] The reception component 1602 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, from the apparatus 1606. The reception component 1602 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1600, such as the communication manager 1608. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the UE or the network node described above in connection with Figure 2.
[0268] The transmission component 1604 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to the apparatus 1606. In some aspects, the communication manager 1608 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1604 for transmission to the apparatus 1606. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1606. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the UE or the network node described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may be co-located with the reception component 1602 in one or more transceivers.
[0269] The communication manager 1608 may receive or may cause the reception component 1602 to receive an indication of a sensing service supported by a network. The communication manager 1608 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 1604 to transmit registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service. The communication manager 1608 may receive or may cause the reception component 1602 to receive, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request. The communication manager 1608 may perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data. The communication manager 1608 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 1604 to transmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data. In some aspects, the communication manager 1608 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 1608.
[0270] The communication manager 1608 may include one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the UE or the network node described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the communication manager 1608 includes a set of components, such as an RF sensing component 1610. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 1608. In some aspects, one or more components of the set of components may include or may be implemented within one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the UE or the network node described above in connection with Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0271] The reception component 1602 may receive an indication of a sensing service supported by a network. The transmission component 1604 may transmit registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service. The reception component 1602 may receive, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request. The RF sensing component 1610 may perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data. The transmission component 1604 may transmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.
[0272] The reception component 1602 may receive, from a network function or a network node, a request for the one or more sensing capabilities wherein transmitting the registration information is responsive to receiving the request.
[0273] The transmission component 1604 may transmit updated registration information in association with detecting a change in at least one of the one or more sensing capabilities.
[0274] The reception component 1602 may receive an association response indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0275] The quantity and arrangement of components shown in Figure 16 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 16. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 16 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 16 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 16 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 16.
[0276] Figure 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1700 for wireless communication that supports sensing service discovery and configuration in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1700 may be a network node (for example, a network node 170 or a network function entity, such as an SnMF entity or an AMF entity) , or a network node may include the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 includes a reception component 1702, a transmission component 1704, and a communication manager 1708, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . The communication manager 1708 may be, or may be similar to, the communication manager 180 and / or the communication manager 150. As shown, the apparatus 1700 may communicate with another apparatus 1706 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 1702 and the transmission component 1704.
[0277] In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 8-13. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1500 of Figure 15. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 may include one or more components of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2.
[0278] The reception component 1702 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, from the apparatus 1706. The reception component 1702 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1700, such as the communication manager 1708. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2.
[0279] The transmission component 1704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to the apparatus 1706. In some aspects, the communication manager 1708 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1704 for transmission to the apparatus 1706. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1706. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may be co-located with the reception component 1702 in one or more transceivers.
[0280] The communication manager 1708 may receive or may cause the reception component 1702 to receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network. The communication manager 1708 may receive or may cause the reception component 1702 to receive a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters. The communication manager 1708 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 1704 to transmit, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters. In some aspects, the communication manager 1708 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 1708.
[0281] The communication manager 1708 may include one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2. In some aspects, the communication manager 1708 includes a set of components, such as a storage component 1710, and / or a determination component 1712. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 1708. In some aspects, one or more components of the set of components may include or may be implemented within one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0282] The reception component 1702 may receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective SUs of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network. The reception component 1702 may receive a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters. The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.
[0283] The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the one or more SUs or a network node, a request for the registration information wherein receiving the registration information is responsive to transmitting the request.
[0284] The storage component 1710 may store the sensing capabilities in one or more sensing repositories of the network.
[0285] The determination component 1712 may select, using the one or more sensing parameters, one or more network nodes.
[0286] The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the one or more network nodes, a discovery request for SUs associated with the one or more network nodes.
[0287] The reception component 1702 may receive, from the one or more network nodes, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0288] The determination component 1712 may select, using the sensing capabilities, one or more SnMF entities.
[0289] The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the one or more SnMF entities, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0290] The reception component 1702 may receive, from the one or more SnMF entities, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0291] The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the one or more SUs, a communication indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0292] The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the one or more SnMF entities, another association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0293] The reception component 1702 may receive, from an SnMF entity, a request for SUs that are associated with one or more criteria.
[0294] The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the SnMF entity, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0295] The quantity and arrangement of components shown in Figure 17 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 17. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 17 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 17 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 17 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 17.
[0296] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0297] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a sensing unit (SU) , comprising: receiving an indication of a sensing service supported by a network; transmitting registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service; receiving, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request; performing, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data; and transmitting, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.
[0298] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the one or more sensing capabilities indicate at least one of: a supported service area, a location of the SU, one or more supported sensing service types, or one or more supported quality of service (QoS) parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.
[0299] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein receiving the indication of the sensing service comprises receiving, from a service discovery function of the network, the indication of the sensing service.
[0300] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, further comprising: receiving, from a network function or a network node, a request for the one or more sensing capabilities, wherein transmitting the registration information is responsive to receiving the request.
[0301] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein transmitting the registration information comprises transmitting the registration information to a sensing repository associated with the network.
[0302] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein receiving the indication of the sensing service comprises receiving system information indicating the sensing service.
[0303] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, further comprising: transmitting updated registration information in association with detecting a change in at least one of the one or more sensing capabilities.
[0304] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, wherein transmitting the updated registration information comprises: transmitting, to a sensing management function of the network, the updated registration information.
[0305] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein transmitting the registration information comprises: transmitting, to an access and mobility function (AMF) of the network, a transport communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.
[0306] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein transmitting the registration information comprises: transmitting, to a network repository function (NRF) of the network, a communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.
[0307] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the registration information includes an association request to associate the SU with one or more sensing management functions of the network.
[0308] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, further comprising: receiving an association response indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0309] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein receiving the sensing configuration comprises: receiving, from a network node, the sensing configuration.
[0310] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein receiving the sensing configuration comprises: receiving, from a sensing management function of the network, the sensing configuration.
[0311] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the SU is a user equipment.
[0312] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the SU is a network node.
[0313] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the SU includes a sensor.
[0314] Aspect 18: A method of wireless communication performed by a network function entity, comprising: receiving registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective sensing units (SUs) of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network; receiving a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters; and transmitting, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.
[0315] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, wherein the sensing capabilities indicate at least one of: a supported service area, a location, one or more supported sensing service types, or one or more supported quality of service (QoS) parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.
[0316] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 18-19, further comprising: transmitting, to the one or more SUs or a network node, a request for the registration information, wherein receiving the registration information is responsive to transmitting the request.
[0317] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 18-20, further comprising: storing the sensing capabilities in one or more sensing repositories of the network.
[0318] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 18-21, wherein the one or more sensing parameters indicate a sensing area, the method further comprising: selecting one or more network nodes included in the sensing area; and transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, a request the sensing capabilities for any SUs associated with the one or more network nodes.
[0319] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 18-22, wherein the network function entity is an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, the method further comprising: selecting, associated with the one or more sensing parameters, one or more sensing management function (SnMF) entities; and transmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, the sensing request.
[0320] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 18-23, wherein the network function entity is a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, wherein receiving the sensing request comprises: receiving, from an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, the sensing request.
[0321] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, further comprising: selecting, using the one or more sensing parameters, one or more network nodes.
[0322] Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 25, wherein transmitting the sensing configuration comprises: transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, the sensing configuration, wherein the at least one SU includes the one or more network nodes.
[0323] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 25-26, further comprising: transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, a discovery request for SUs associated with the one or more network nodes; and receiving, from the one or more network nodes, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0324] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 27, wherein transmitting the sensing configuration comprises: transmitting, to the at least one SU, the sensing configuration.
[0325] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 27-28, wherein transmitting the sensing configuration comprises: transmitting, to the one or more network nodes, an indication to provide the sensing configuration to the at least one SU.
[0326] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 18-29, wherein the network function entity is an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, and wherein receiving the registration information comprises: receiving one or more transport communications indicating the sensing capabilities.
[0327] Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 30, further comprising: selecting, using the sensing capabilities, one or more sensing management function (SnMF) entities; and transmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0328] Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 31, further comprising: receiving, from the one or more SnMF entities, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected; and transmitting, to the one or more SUs, a communication indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0329] Aspect 33: The method of any of Aspects 30-32, wherein the sensing capabilities include locations of the respective SUs, the method further comprising: selecting, using the locations of the respective SUs, one or more sensing repositories; and transmitting, to the one or more sensing repositories, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0330] Aspect 34: The method of any of Aspects 18-33, wherein the network function entity is a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, and wherein receiving the registration information comprises: receiving, from an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs; and transmitting, to the AMF entity, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0331] Aspect 35: The method of any of Aspects 18-34, wherein the network function entity is a sensing repository, and wherein receiving the registration information comprises: receiving, from an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs; and transmitting, to the AMF entity, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected.
[0332] Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 35, further comprising: selecting, using the sensing capabilities, one or more sensing management function (SnMF) entities; and transmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, another association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.
[0333] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 35-36, further comprising: receiving, from a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, a request for SUs that are associated with one or more criteria; and transmitting, to the SnMF entity, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0334] Aspect 38: The method of any of Aspects 18-37, wherein the network function entity is a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, the method further comprising: transmitting, to a sensing repository, a request for SUs that are associated with one or more criteria, wherein the one or more criteria are associated with the sensing request; and receiving, from the sensing repository, an indication of the at least one SU.
[0335] Aspect 39: The method of any of Aspects 18-38, wherein the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of: a sensing area, a sensing service type, one or more quality of service (QoS) parameters, or timing information for reporting sensing data.
[0336] Aspect 40: The method of any of Aspects 18-39, wherein the network function entity is an access and mobility function (AMF) entity.
[0337] Aspect 41: The method of any of Aspects 18-40, wherein the network function entity is a sensing management function (SnMF) entity.
[0338] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 18-41, further comprising authorizing the sensing request in association with the one or more sensing parameters.
[0339] Aspect 43: The method of Aspect 42, wherein the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of a sensing area parameter, a timing parameter, a sensing service type parameter, or one or more QoS parameters.
[0340] Aspect 42: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-41.
[0341] Aspect 43: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-41.
[0342] Aspect 44: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-41.
[0343] Aspect 45: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-41.
[0344] Aspect 46: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-41.
[0345] Aspect 47: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-41.
[0346] Aspect 48: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-41.
[0347] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0348] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0349] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0350] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c +c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0351] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0352] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A sensing unit (SU) for wireless communication, comprising:a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the SU to:receive an indication of a sensing service supported by a network;transmit registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service;receive, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request;perform, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data; andtransmit, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.2.The SU of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensing capabilities indicate at least one of:a supported service area,a location of the SU,one or more supported sensing service types, orone or more supported quality of service (QoS) parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.3.The SU of claim 1, wherein, to cause the SU to receive the indication of the sensing service, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to receive, from a service discovery function of the network, the indication of the sensing service.4.The SU of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the SU to:receive, from a network function or a network node, a request for the one or more sensing capabilities,wherein transmitting the registration information is responsive to receiving the request.5.The SU of claim 1, wherein, to cause the SU to transmit the registration information, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to transmit the registration information to a sensing repository or a sensing management function entity associated with the network.6.The SU of claim 1, wherein, to cause the SU to receive the indication of the sensing service, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to receive system information indicating the sensing service.7.The SU of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the SU to:transmit updated registration information in association with detecting a change in at least one of the one or more sensing capabilities.8.The SU of claim 7, wherein, to cause the SU to transmit the updated registration information, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to:transmit, to a sensing management function of the network, the updated registration information.9.The SU of claim 1, wherein, to cause the SU to transmit the registration information, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to:transmit, to an access and mobility function (AMF) of the network, a transport communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.10.The SU of claim 1, wherein, to cause the SU to transmit the registration information, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to:transmit, to a network repository function (NRF) of the network, a communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.11.The SU of claim 1, wherein the registration information includes an association request to associate the SU with one or more sensing management functions of the network.12.The SU of claim 11, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the SU to:receive an association response indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.13.The SU of claim 1, wherein the SU is a user equipment, and wherein, to cause the SU to receive the sensing configuration, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to:receive, from a network node, the sensing configuration.14.The SU of claim 1, wherein, to cause the SU to receive the sensing configuration, the processing system is configured to cause the SU to:receive, from a sensing management function of the network, the sensing configuration.15.A network function entity for wireless communication, comprising:a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the network function entity to:receive registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective sensing units (SUs) of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network;receive a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters; andtransmit, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.16.The network function entity of claim 15, wherein the sensing capabilities indicate at least one of:a supported service area,a location,one or more supported sensing service types, orone or more supported quality of service (QoS) parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.17.The network function entity of claim 15, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the network function entity to:transmit, to the one or more SUs or a network node, a request for the registration information,wherein receiving the registration information is responsive to transmitting the request.18.The network function entity of claim 15, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the network function entity to:store the sensing capabilities in one or more sensing repositories of the network.19.The network function entity of claim 15, wherein the one or more sensing parameters indicate a sensing area, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the network function entity to:select one or more network nodes included in the sensing area; andtransmit, to the one or more network nodes, a request the sensing capabilities for any SUs associated with the one or more network nodes.20.The network function entity of claim 15, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the network function entity to:select, associated with the one or more sensing parameters, one or more sensing management function (SnMF) entities; andtransmit, to the one or more SnMF entities, the sensing request.21.The network function entity of claim 15, wherein the network function entity is a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, wherein the processing system, to cause the network function entity to receive the sensing request, is configured to cause the network function entity to:receive the sensing request.22.The network function entity of claim 21, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the network function entity to:select, using the one or more sensing parameters, one or more network nodes.23.The network function entity of claim 22, wherein, to cause the network function entity to transmit the sensing configuration, the processing system is configured to cause the network function entity to:transmit, to the one or more network nodes, the sensing configuration, wherein the at least one SU includes the one or more network nodes.24.The network function entity of claim 22, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the network function entity to:transmit, to the one or more network nodes, a discovery request for SUs associated with the one or more network nodes; andreceive, from the one or more network nodes, an indication of the at least one SU.25.The network function entity of claim 24, wherein, to cause the network function entity to transmit the sensing configuration, the processing system is configured to cause the network function entity to:transmit, to the one or more network nodes, an indication to provide the sensing configuration to the at least one SU.26.The network function entity of claim 15, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the network function entity to:authorize the sensing request in association with the one or more sensing parameters.27.A method of wireless communication by a sensing unit (SU) , comprising:receiving an indication of a sensing service supported by a network;transmitting registration information indicating one or more sensing capabilities of the SU that are associated with the sensing service;receiving, in association with transmitting the registration information, a sensing configuration for a sensing request;performing, in accordance with the sensing configuration, one or more sensing operations that generate sensing data; andtransmitting, in accordance with the sensing configuration, the sensing data.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the one or more sensing capabilities indicate at least one of:a supported service area,a location of the SU,one or more supported sensing service types, orone or more supported quality of service (QoS) parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.29.The method of claim 27, wherein receiving the indication of the sensing service comprises receiving, from a service discovery function of the network, the indication of the sensing service.30.The method of claim 27, further comprising:receiving, from a network function or a network node, a request for the one or more sensing capabilities,wherein transmitting the registration information is responsive to receiving the request.31.The method of claim 27, wherein transmitting the registration information comprises transmitting the registration information to a sensing repository associated with the network.32.The method of claim 27, wherein receiving the indication of the sensing service comprises receiving system information indicating the sensing service.33.The method of claim 27, further comprising:transmitting updated registration information in association with detecting a change in at least one of the one or more sensing capabilities.34.The method of claim 33, wherein transmitting the updated registration information comprises:transmitting, to a sensing management function of the network, the updated registration information.35.The method of claim 27, wherein transmitting the registration information comprises:transmitting, to an access and mobility function (AMF) of the network, a transport communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.36.The method of claim 27, wherein transmitting the registration information comprises:transmitting, to a network repository function (NRF) of the network, a communication indicating the one or more sensing capabilities.37.The method of claim 27, wherein the registration information includes an association request to associate the SU with one or more sensing management functions of the network.38.A method of wireless communication by a network function entity, comprising:receiving registration information indicating sensing capabilities of respective sensing units (SUs) of one or more SUs for a sensing service supported by a network;receiving a sensing request indicating one or more sensing parameters; andtransmitting, to at least one SU of the one or more SUs, a sensing configuration for the sensing request, the at least one SU being selected in association with the registration information and the one or more sensing parameters.39.The method of claim 38, wherein the sensing capabilities indicate at least one of:a supported service area,a location,one or more supported sensing service types, orone or more supported quality of service (QoS) parameters for the one or more supported sensing service types.40.The method of claim 38, further comprising:storing the sensing capabilities in one or more sensing repositories of the network.41.The method of claim 38, wherein the network function entity is an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, and wherein receiving the registration information comprises:receiving one or more transport communications indicating the sensing capabilities.42.The method of claim 41, further comprising:selecting, using the sensing capabilities, one or more sensing management function (SnMF) entities; andtransmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.43.The method of claim 42, further comprising:receiving, from the one or more SnMF entities, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected; andtransmitting, to the one or more SUs, a communication indicating that the association request is accepted or rejected.44.The method of claim 41, wherein the sensing capabilities include locations of the respective SUs, the method further comprising:selecting, using the locations of the respective SUs, one or more sensing repositories; andtransmitting, to the one or more sensing repositories, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.45.The method of claim 38, wherein the network function entity is a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, and wherein receiving the registration information comprises:receiving, from an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs; andtransmitting, to the AMF entity, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected.46.The method of claim 38, wherein the network function entity is a sensing repository, and wherein receiving the registration information comprises:receiving, from an access and mobility function (AMF) entity, an association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs; andtransmitting, to the AMF entity, an indication that the association request is accepted or rejected.47.The method of claim 46, further comprising:selecting, using the sensing capabilities, one or more sensing management function (SnMF) entities; andtransmitting, to the one or more SnMF entities, another association request indicating the sensing capabilities and the one or more SUs.48.The method of claim 46, further comprising:receiving, from a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, a request for SUs that are associated with one or more criteria; andtransmitting, to the SnMF entity, an indication of the at least one SU.49.The method of claim 38, wherein the network function entity is a sensing management function (SnMF) entity, the method further comprising:transmitting, to a sensing repository, a request for SUs that are associated with one or more criteria, wherein the one or more criteria are associated with the sensing request; andreceiving, from the sensing repository, an indication of the at least one SU.50.The method of claim 38, wherein the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of:a sensing area,a sensing service type,one or more quality of service (QoS) parameters, ortiming information for reporting sensing data.
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