Additional design of device type switch
By enabling hybrid ambient wireless devices to dynamically switch between operational modes based on energy state and external signaling, the solution addresses the inefficiencies in existing systems, improving communication efficiency and power management.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/138457
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack efficient methods for hybrid ambient wireless devices to dynamically switch between passive, semi-passive, and active modes based on energy state or external signaling, leading to suboptimal performance and resource utilization.
The implementation of an energy harvesting (EH) capable device, such as a hybrid ambient wireless device, that can autonomously or explicitly switch between different modes of operation based on signal strength, energy levels, type of signal, or explicit signaling requests, optimizing power consumption and communication efficiency.
This solution enables hybrid ambient wireless devices to adaptively manage their operational modes, enhancing communication efficiency, power management, and overall system performance by ensuring optimal resource utilization and mode selection based on real-time conditions.
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Figure CN2023138457_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ADDITIONAL DESIGN OF DEVICE TYPE SWITCH
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including additional design of device type switch.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
[0004] Some wireless communications systems may include an ambient wireless devices (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) tags) that are passive devices, semi-passive devices, or active devices, to perform certain operations such as location tracking and identification. Passive ambient wireless devices may not have their own power sources, but may receive power from continuous wave signals transmitted by reader devices. Semi-passive ambient wireless devices may operate similar to the passive ambient wireless devices, but may also include an energy storage component (e.g., a battery) . Active ambient wireless devices may generate radio frequency signals in addition to including an energy storage component. In some cases, an ambient wireless device may be a hybrid device, such that the ambient wireless device may operate as a passive, semi-passive, and / or active ambient wireless device.SUMMARY
[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support additional design of device type switch. For example, the described techniques provide for an energy harvesting (EH) capable device, such as a hybrid ambient wireless device, to switch between operating in a passive mode, a semi-passive mode, or an active mode based on external signaling or an energy state of stored energy. For example, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch between operation modes using autonomous switching, based on explicit signaling or hybrid signaling (e.g., both autonomous and explicit signaling) , or based on one or more rules.
[0006] In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on signal strength or estimated pathloss of a signal received at the hybrid ambient wireless device. In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on energy stored at the hybrid ambient wireless device (e.g., when energy is below a threshold energy level) . In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on a type of signal, type of channel, and / or type of traffic. In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on explicit signaling request to switch to a mode. The switching between modes may be different based on the direction of switching (e.g., use autonomous switching when the hybrid ambient wireless device switches from operating in passive mode to an active mode and use explicit signaling when hybrid ambient wireless device switches from active mode to semi-passive mode) .
[0007] Amethod for wireless communications by an EH capable device (e.g., hybrid ambient wireless device) is described. The method may include operating in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode and switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0008] An EH capable device for wireless communications is described. The EH capable device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the EH capable device to operate in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode and switch from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0009] Another EH capable device for wireless communications is described. The EH capable device may include means for operating in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode and means for switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0010] Another EH capable device for wireless communications is described. The EH capable device may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to cause the EH capable device to operate in a first mode of operation of multiple modes of operation, where the multiple modes of operation include at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode. The processing system may be configured to cause the EH capable device to switch from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0011] Anon-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to operate in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode and switch from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 4 shows an example of a hybrid switching diagram that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 5 shows an example of resource allocation that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIGs. 7 and 8 show block diagrams of devices that support additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating methods that support additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Some wireless communications systems may include an ambient wireless devices (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) tags) that are passive devices, semi-passive devices, or active devices, to perform certain operations such as location tracking and identification. Passive ambient wireless devices may not have their own power sources, but may receive power from continuous wave signals transmitted by reader devices. Semi-passive ambient wireless devices may operate similar to the passive ambient wireless devices, but may also include an energy storage component (e.g., a battery) . Active ambient wireless devices may generate radio frequency signals in addition to including an energy storage component. In some cases, an ambient wireless device may be a hybrid device (e.g., an energy harvesting (EH) capable device) , such that the ambient wireless device may operate as a passive, semi-passive, and / or active ambient wireless device. However, the hybrid ambient wireless device may not have knowledge of which mode of operation to use for communicating in the wireless communications system.
[0023] The hybrid ambient wireless device (e.g., EH capable device) may switch between operating in a passive mode, a semi-passive mode, or an active mode based on external signaling or an energy state of stored energy. For example, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch between operation modes using autonomous switching, based on explicit signaling or hybrid signaling (e.g., both autonomous and explicit signaling) , or based on one or more rules.
[0024] In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on signal strength or estimated pathloss of a signal received at the hybrid ambient wireless device. In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on energy stored at the hybrid ambient wireless device (e.g., when energy is below a threshold energy level) . In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on a type of signal, type of channel, and / or type of traffic. In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on explicit signaling request to switch to a mode. The switching between modes may be different based on the direction of switching (e.g., use autonomous switching when the hybrid ambient wireless device switches from operating in passive mode to an active mode and use explicit signaling when hybrid ambient wireless device switches from active mode to semi-passive mode) .
[0025] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to additional design of device type switch.
[0026] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0027] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0028] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0029] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) device, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network 105. For example, a “network entity” is not limited to an entity that is currently located in and / or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating and / or operating in the network.
[0030] The adjectives “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a “first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples.
[0031] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, the first network entity may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network entity may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0032] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.
[0033] As shown, the network entity (e.g., network entity 105) may include a processing system 106. Similarly, the network entity (e.g., UE 115) may include a processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents) , such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system may generally be a system one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of, for example, a network entity described herein) . For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.
[0034] Aprocessing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a second communication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some examples, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.
[0035] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0036] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0037] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0038] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0039] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0040] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support additional design of device type switch as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0041] AUE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0042] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0043] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0044] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology) .
[0045] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0046] Acarrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0047] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0048] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0049] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0050] Asubframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0051] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0052] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0053] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0054] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0055] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0056] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0057] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0058] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0059] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0060] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0061] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0062] Anetwork entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0063] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0064] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0065] In some examples, a hybrid ambient wireless device (e.g., EH capable device) , which may be a UE 115, may switch between operating in a passive mode, a semi-passive mode, or an active mode based on external signaling or an energy state of stored energy. For example, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch between operation modes using autonomous switching, based on explicit signaling or hybrid signaling (e.g., both autonomous and explicit signaling) , or based on one or more rules.
[0066] In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on signal strength or estimated pathloss of a signal received at the hybrid ambient wireless device. In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on energy stored at the hybrid ambient wireless device (e.g., when energy is below a threshold energy level) . In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on a type of signal, type of channel, and / or type of traffic. In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch modes of operation based on explicit signaling request to switch to a mode. The switching between modes may be different based on the direction of switching (e.g., use autonomous switching when the hybrid ambient wireless device switches from operating in passive mode to an active mode and use explicit signaling when hybrid ambient wireless device switches from active mode to semi-passive mode) .
[0067] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 includes a UE 115-a and a network entity 105-a, which may be examples of a UE 115 and a network entity 105 described with respect to FIG. 1. The UE 115-a of the wireless communications system 200 may be or communicate with a hybrid ambient wireless device (EH capable device) 260. For example, the operations or switching operations discussed with respect to the UE 115-a may be performed by the hybrid ambient wireless device 260. In some examples, the information for operating or switching may be relayed by the UE 115-a to the hybrid ambient wireless device 260.
[0068] Some wireless communications system 200 may include a radio frequency identifier (RFID) communication involving a radio frequency reader and a tag. An RFID may not have a battery or an internal power source. The RFID tag may receive energy from a radio signal transmitted from the reader (e.g., forward link (FL) , and the RFID tag may backscatter the signal by reflecting back the radio signal (e.g., backscatter link (BL) to the reader.
[0069] The wireless communications system 200 may include a zero-power internet of things (ZP-IoT) device tag. The RFID tag may be a passive device (e.g., does not store energy) while the ZP IoT tag may be an active device tag (e.g., stores energy and may generate signals) . In some examples, for ZP IoT tag, the network entity 105-a may transmit a radio signal to the UE 115-a, where the UE 115-a operates or functions as a relay, and relays the radio signal to the ZP-IoT tag. In some examples, the UE may generate and transmit the radio signal to the ZP-IoT tag. The ZP-IoT tag may store more power than the RFID tag, such as by harvesting and storing energy. In some examples, the ZP-IoT tag may be an active device that may transmit signals, such as by transmitting a backward link to the UE 115-a after receiving an FL link from the UE 115-a.
[0070] In some examples, ambient wireless devices (e.g., ZP-IoT tag or EH capable device) may include passive devices that backscatter, semi-passive devices that backscatter and store energy (e.g., reflective amplification) , or active devices that provide active RF signal generation and energy storage. As discussed herein, a hybrid ambient wireless device may operate either using backscattering (i.e., passive) communication or / and active communication depending on one or more conditions. In the passive mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device may provide backscattering, relatively lowest power consumption (e.g., relative to the other operation modes) , and relatively smaller service coverage (e.g., location, tracking, and other tag services) . In the semi-passive mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device may provide backscattering, relatively mid-level power consumption, and relatively mid-level coverage. In the active mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device may transmit or receive signals using active RF components, may have relatively higher power consumption and provide relatively larger service coverage.
[0071] The hybrid ambient wireless device may include both active and passive RF transmitter (TX) chains and receiving (RX) chains chain or RF components. In some examples, defining criteria for switching between operation modes at the hybrid ambient wireless device may be difficult.
[0072] As discussed herein, the hybrid ambient wireless device may switch among different types of operation modes according to external signaling or energy state (e.g., amount of energy) in energy storage. The hybrid ambient wireless device may turn on and off active components (e.g., amplifier) according to external signaling. The criterions for activating or deactivating components may include energy state, received signal power (reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) ) , buffer state, traffic priority, reliability, delay demand, data rate model (high data rate, low data rate) , symbol duration, multilevel coded spreading (MCS) , acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) , pathloss, distance, charging speed, discharging speed, and so forth.
[0073] The modes of operation for the hybrid ambient wireless device may include a passive mode, semi-passive mode, and active mode. In the passive mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device may communicate using backscattering techniques (e.g., low oscillator (LO) turn off, amplifier turn off) . In the semi-passive mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device may communicate using backscattering technique using additional energy in energy storage (e.g., powering integrated circuit (IC) , amplifying reflected signal) (e.g., LO turn off, amplifier turn on) . In the active mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device may communicate with active signal generation method using energy stored in energy storage (e.g., amplifying signals, using active RF components, better filtering, more complex baseband (BB) processing, and using clocks with higher accuracy) (e.g., LO turn on, amplifier turn on) .
[0074] In the wireless communications system 200, the network entity 105-a may communicate with the UE 115-a using a communication link 125-a. In some examples, the communication link 125-a may include a first channel 225-a for transmitting data from the UE 115-a to the network entity 105-a and a second channel 225-b for transmitting data from the network entity 105-a to the UE 115-a. The communication link 125-a may be an example of an NR or LTE link between the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a. The communication link 125 may include a bi-directional link that enables both uplink and downlink communications, for example, via the channels 225. For example, the UE 115-a may transmit uplink messages 245 (e.g., uplink transmissions) , such as uplink control signals or uplink data signals, to the network entity 105-a using the first channel 225-a (e.g., of the communication link 125-a) and the network entity 105-a may transmit downlink messages 250 (e.g., downlink transmissions) , such as downlink control signals or downlink data signals, to the UE 115-a using the second channel 225-b (e.g., of the communication link 125) . In some examples, the downlink messages may be part of control signaling transmitted from the network entity 105-a.
[0075] The network entity 105-a may transmit a first downlink message 250-a, which may be an RF signal to the UE 115-a (e.g., use for storing energy and / or backscattering) . The UE 115-a may transmit a first uplink message 245-a, which may be a backscattered signal. In some examples, the UE 115-a may transmit a second uplink message 245-b, which may be a transmission signal generated by the UE 115-a when the UE 115-a operates in the active mode. The network entity may transmit a second downlink message 250-b, which may be a control signal for the UE to switch modes, as discussed herein. In some examples, the UE 115-a may relay information (e.g., command to switch) to the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 via a second communication link 125-b. Additionally, in some examples, the network entity 105-a may communicate with the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 directly (e.g., without UE 115-a) , for example, using communication link 125-c to facilitate switching operating modes at the hybrid ambient wireless device 260. The communication links 125-b and 125-c may be or may operate in accordance with the communication link 125-a.
[0076] The mode of operation of the may be done either autonomously or based on signaling. For autonomous switching, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch modes of operation based on its own measurement (s) , for example, based on signal strength, and / or based on changing energy level in the energy storage, based on type of signal, channel, or traffic. The reader (e.g., the UE 115-a and / or the network entity 105-a) may not necessarily know the change of operation mode. For explicit signal-based mode switching, the reader may send switching command to hybrid ambient wireless device 260 to switch the mode of operation based on explicit feedback from the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 or implicitly observed metrics from the hybrid ambient wireless device 260. The explicit feedback may include energy storage level, path loss, signal strength, other channel condition metric, etc. The implicit observed metrics from the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may include BL signal strength from hybrid ambient wireless device 260, packet error rate, bit error rate, etc. The hybrid switching, including both autonomous switching and explicit signals, may be used depending on the switching modes or switching direction. For the rule based switching, the mode of operation may be performed based on one or more rules. This rule may be known by both the reader (e.g., the UE 115-a and / or the network entity 105-a) and the hybrid ambient wireless device 260. The rule may involve specific signals or channel that may be an RX or TX signal in specified mode (e.g., passive or active mode) . The signal in a rule may be based on type of signal, channel, or traffic. The positioning signal is may be received or processed in the passive mode.
[0077] In some examples, the operation mode switching may be based on a signal strength. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may operate in the passive mode when the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 is in a near-range distance from the reader (e.g., the network entity 105-a and / or the UE 115-a) , operate in a semi-passive mode when the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 is a mid-level distance (e.g., greater than near-range distance threshold and less than far-range distance threshold) from the reader, and operate in the active mode when the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 is in a far-range distance from the reader.
[0078] For example, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch mode of operation depending on estimated signal strength or estimated pathloss (e.g., of first downlink message 250-a) . The switching may occur in accordance with received signal power (e.g., RSSI, RSRQ, RSSP) or estimated pathloss between the reader and hybrid ambient wireless device 260. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 with high RSSI (e.g., threshold high < RSSI) may switch to operating in passive mode. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 with mid-level RSSI (e.g., threshold_mid < RSSI <threshold_high) may switch to operating in semi-passive mode. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 with low RSSI (e.g., threshold_low < RSSI < threshold_mid) may switch to operating in active mode.
[0079] In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch modes based on change in energy level or energy storage. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may can switch its mode of operation depending on current energy level in the energy storage, such as according to charging level (E) in energy storage. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 with high energy level (e.g., threshold_high < E) may operate in active mode. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 with mid-level energy level (e.g., threshold_mid < E < threshold_high) may operate in semi-passive mode. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 with low energy level (e.g., threshold_low < E < threshold_mid) may operate in passive mode.
[0080] In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch modes based on signal strength, based on type of signal, channel, message, or traffic. For example, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may select the mode of operation depending on the type of signal, channel, and / or traffic. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may select the mode in accordance with message size, priority, delay budget, or buffer status. For large message size / buffer status, high priority, shorter delay requirement, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to active mode. For smaller message size / buffer status, lower priority, longer delay requirement, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to semi-passive or passive mode. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch modes based on reliability requirements (e.g., ACK / NACK or other packet decoding result) . For example, certain contiguous decoding failure / NACK, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to active mode (to improve success rate) . The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch modes based on a configured MCS. For example, for high data rate mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to active mode. The hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch modes based on the type of signal, channel, message, and / or traffic. Certain type of signal, channel, message, and / or traffic may be received or sent according to predetermined type of communication. The type may be indicated implicitly by scheduling. If resource in frequency division duplexing (FDD) uplink (UL) band is assigned or available to the hybrid ambient wireless device 260, then the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may use active mode for data TX in BL. If resource in FDD downlink (DL) band is assigned or available to a hybrid ambient wireless device 260, then the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may use passive mode for data TX in BL. If both resources in FDD DL and FDD UL band are assigned or available to a hybrid ambient wireless device 260, then the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may choose operation mode autonomously.
[0081] In some examples, if small data (e.g., below threshold quantity of data) is to be sent in memory, then the passive mode is used. If large data (e.g., greater than threshold quantity of data) is to be sent to memory, then the active mode may be used. If the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 is requested for inventory, then the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to passive mode for communication. If the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 is requested for positioning, then the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to active mode to improve accuracy for positioning. If the CN does not support certain types of tags, the CN or application may request tags to switch the mode of operation.
[0082] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow 300 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 300 may implement aspects of or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the wireless communications system 200. For example, the process flow 300 may include a UE 115-b and hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a, which may be an example of a UE 115 and a hybrid ambient wireless device 260 as described herein. In this example, the UE 115-b may be a reader.
[0083] In the following description of the process flow 300, the operations performed by the UE 115-b and the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a may be performed in different orders or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 300, or other operations may be added to the process flow 300. Further, while operations in the process flow 300 are illustrated as being performed by the UE 115-a and the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a, the examples herein are not to be construed as limiting, as the described features may be associated with any quantity of different devices.
[0084] The hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a may switch to and from the passive mode, semi-passive mode, and the active mode, as indicated by operation mode states 330. There may be multiple or different reasons as to when the UE 115-b (e.g., the reader) uses explicit signaling based device mode switching. For example, explicit signaling may be used when reader capability is limited, such that the reader supports only passive devices. Then the signaling may indicate that the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a is to switch to operating in the passive mode. In some examples, the explicit signaling may be used when the reader supports both passive and active devices. The UE 115-b may know which mode is more efficient for the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a. In this case, the UE 115-b may send command to the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a to switch the mode accordingly (e.g., for efficiency) .
[0085] At 305, in some examples (as indicated by the dashed line) , the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a may send a mode switch request to the UE 115-b (e.g., using SR or RACH) . In some examples, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a may send a mode switch request to a network entity 105, as discussed with respect to FIG. 2. At 310, the UE 115-b (e.g., or a network entity 105) may send a FL signal or message to the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a to switch mode of operation of device. At 315, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a may switch its mode of operation as indicated from the UE 115-b. At 320, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260-a may optionally send ACK to the UE 115-b (e.g., or the network entity 105) . Once the UE 115-b receives the ACK, the UE 115-b may allocate / schedule resources based on the current mode of operation of the device.
[0086] FIG. 4 shows an example of a hybrid switching diagram 400 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0087] The mode of switching may be done either autonomously or by explicit signaling. In a first operation mode states 430-a, the switching between the passive mode and the semi-passive mode occurs autonomously. The switching between the semi-passive mode and the active mode occurs using explicit signaling. The switching between the passive mode and the active mode occurs using explicit signaling.
[0088] In some examples, the switching method may be different depending on the direction of switching. For example, in a second operation mode states 430-b, the switching between the passive mode to the active mode, the active mode to the semi-passive mode, and the passive mode to the semi-passive mode, may occur autonomously. The switching between the active mode to the passive mode, the semi-passive mode to the active mode, and the semi-passive mode to the passive mode, may occur with explicit signaling.
[0089] FIG. 5 shows an example of a resource allocation 500 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the switching type at the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may be based on criteria, which may be associated with resource allocation. A first operation mode resource allocation 530-a and a second operation mode resource allocation 530-b may involve allocation for UL signals, such as for BL signals, or DL signals, such as for FL signals. In some examples, if the resources are too crowded for semi-passive or passive modes, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to the active mode.
[0090] For example, if a network entity 105 operates as a reader but allocates UL resources in UL slot or band, then the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to an active or semi-passive mode. If a network entity 105 operates as a reader, but indicates single sideband resources to hybrid ambient wireless device 260, then the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to active mode or semi-passive mode. This is implicit method of device type configuration. In some examples, if the hybrid ambient wireless device fails access (e.g., initial access) as a passive mode, the hybrid ambient wireless device 260 may switch to active mode, and vice versa.
[0091] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may implement aspects of or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the wireless communications system 200. For example, the process flow 600 may include a network entity 105-b and a UE 115-c, which may be an example of a network entity 105 and a UE 115 as described herein. In some examples, the process flow 600 may occur between a UE 115 and a hybrid ambient wireless device 260. For example, the UE 115-c may operate as a relay that relays information received from the network entity 105-b (e.g., control signaling to switch operation modes) .
[0092] In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations performed by the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-c may be performed in different orders or at different times than the exemplary order shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, or other operations may be added to the process flow 600. Further, while operations in the process flow 600 are illustrated as being performed by the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-c, the examples herein are not to be construed as limiting, as the described features may be associated with any quantity of different devices.
[0093] At 605, the UE 115-c may operate in a first mode of operation of a multiple modes of operation, where the multiple modes of operation include at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode.
[0094] At 310, in some examples (as indicated by dashed line) , the UE 115-c may receive explicit signaling to switch from operating in the first mode to a second mode. At 610, the UE 115-c may switch from operating in the first mode to operation in the second mode of the multiple modes of operation. The switch may be based on occurrence of a trigger event. The trigger event may be based on at least one of a measurement made by the UE 115-c (e.g., EH capable device, hybrid ambient wireless device) , receipt of a request that the UE 115-c is to switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0095] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, and the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0096] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to additional design of device type switch) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0097] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to additional design of device type switch) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0098] The communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of additional design of device type switch as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0099] In some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0100] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0101] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0102] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for operating in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0103] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for efficiently switching between modes of operation.
[0104] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, and the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0105] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to additional design of device type switch) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0106] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to additional design of device type switch) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0107] The device 805, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of additional design of device type switch as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include an operation mode manager 825 a switching mode manager 830, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0108] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The operation mode manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for operating in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode. The switching mode manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0109] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a communications manager 920 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720, a communications manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of additional design of device type switch as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include an operation mode manager 925 a switching mode manager 930, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0110] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The operation mode manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for operating in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode. The switching mode manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0111] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045) .
[0112] The I / O controller 1010 may manage input and output signals for the device 1005. The I / O controller 1010 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1005. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.
[0113] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1025, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0114] The at least one memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1040 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1030 may contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0115] The at least one processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1040. The at least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting additional design of device type switch) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1040, the at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1040) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1030) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1040 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1040 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1030 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0116] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for operating in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0117] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for efficiently switching between modes of operation.
[0118] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1015, the one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1040, the at least one memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of additional design of device type switch as described herein, or the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0119] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports additional design of device type switch in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0120] At 1105, the method may include operating in a first mode of operation of a set of multiple modes of operation, where the set of multiple modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode. The operations of block 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by an operation mode manager 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0121] At 1110, the method may include switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the set of multiple modes of operation, where the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and where the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the EH capable device, receipt of a request that the EH capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof. The operations of block 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a switching mode manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
[0122] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0123] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at an EH capable device, comprising: operating in a first mode of operation of a plurality of modes of operation, wherein the plurality of modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode; and switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the plurality of modes of operation, wherein the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and wherein the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the energy harvesting capable device, receipt of a request that the energy harvesting capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
[0124] Aspect 2: An EH capable device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the energy harvesting capable device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 1.
[0125] Aspect 3: An EH capable device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 1.
[0126] Aspect 4: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 1.
[0127] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0128] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0129] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0130] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0131] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0132] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0133] As used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” unless limiting language is used relative to the alternatives listed. For example, reference to “X being based on A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, and X being based on A and B. In this regard, reference to “X being based on A or B” refers to “at least one of A or B” or “one or more of A or B” due to “or” being inclusive. Similarly, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, X being based on C, X being based on A and B, X being based on A and C, X being based on B and C, and X being based on A, B, and C. In this regard, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” refers to “at least one of A, B, or C” or “one or more of A, B, or C” due to “or” being inclusive. As an example of limiting language, reference to “X being based on only one of A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A as well as X being based on B, but not X being based on A and B. Also , as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently. Also , as used herein, the phrase “aset” shall be construed as including the possibility of a set with one member. That is, the phrase “aset” shall be construed in the same manner as “one or more” or “at least one of. ”
[0134] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0135] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0136] In the figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0137] The description set forth herein, in connection with the drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0138] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.
Claims
1.An energy harvesting capable device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the energy harvesting capable device to:operate in a first mode of operation of a plurality of modes of operation, wherein the plurality of modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode; andswitch from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the plurality of modes of operation, wherein the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and wherein the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the energy harvesting capable device, receipt of a request that the energy harvesting capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.2.A method for wireless communications at an energy harvesting capable device, comprising:operating in a first mode of operation of a plurality of modes of operation, wherein the plurality of modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode; andswitching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the plurality of modes of operation, wherein the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and wherein the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the energy harvesting capable device, receipt of a request that the energy harvesting capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.3.An energy harvesting capable device for wireless communications, comprising:means for operating in a first mode of operation of a plurality of modes of operation, wherein the plurality of modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode; andmeans for switching from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the plurality of modes of operation, wherein the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and wherein the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the energy harvesting capable device, receipt of a request that the energy harvesting capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.4.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:operate in a first mode of operation of a plurality of modes of operation, wherein the plurality of modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode; andswitch from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the plurality of modes of operation, wherein the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and wherein the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the energy harvesting capable device, receipt of a request that an energy harvesting capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.5.An energy harvesting capable device, comprising:a processing system configured to cause the energy harvesting capable device to:operate in a first mode of operation of a plurality of modes of operation, wherein the plurality of modes of operation includes at least a backscattering communication mode and an active signal generation communication mode; andswitch from operation in the first mode to operation in a second mode of the plurality of modes of operation, wherein the switch is based on occurrence of a trigger event, and wherein the trigger event is based on at least one of a measurement made by the energy harvesting capable device, receipt of a request that the energy harvesting capable device switch to the second mode, a rule associated with the second mode, or any combination thereof.
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