Selection of a random access channel resource using spatial beam prediction
By enabling user equipment to select RACH resources based on predicted beam configurations within wireless communication systems, the method addresses the challenges of sub-optimal beam configurations and resource selection ambiguity, resulting in improved signal quality and reduced errors.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/139075
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently selecting random access channel (RACH) resources, particularly during initial access procedures, due to sub-optimal beam configurations and ambiguity in resource selection.
The method involves a user equipment (UE) receiving system information indicating two sets of RACH resources: one linked to synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and another linked to predicted beam configurations. The UE selects a RACH resource based on its spatial beam prediction capability, allowing for the use of predicted beam configurations that may not be linked to transmitted SSBs.
This approach enhances signal quality, reduces recovery errors and data transfer latencies, and mitigates the risk of initial access procedure failure by utilizing optimized beam configurations predicted by the UE.
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Figure CN2023139075_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SELECTION OF A RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL RESOURCE USING SPATIAL BEAM PREDICTION
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for selection of a random access channel resource using spatial beam prediction.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) . The method may include receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of random access channel (RACH) resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics. The method may include transmitting, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include transmitting system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations. The method may include receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations. The one or more processors may be configured to receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations. The apparatus may include means for receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE.
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0014] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0016] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples of beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artificial intelligence / machine learning based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a four-step random access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication process between a network node and a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Figs. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating a first example and a second example, respectively, of synchronization signal block-specific assistance information, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Figs. 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating a first example and a second example, respectively, of quasi-co-location relationships, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Figs. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating a first example and a second example, respectively, of random access channel resource allocations, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Fig. 14 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0031] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0032] A random access channel (RACH) procedure, such as an initial access procedure, may be based at least in part on a linkage between a transmission by a network node and a transmission configuration and / or a RACH resource used by a user equipment (UE) to transmit a RACH message. To illustrate, a communication standard may specify that each RACH occasion (RO) and / or RACH preamble is linked to, and / or associated with, a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) that is actually transmitted by the network node (e.g., a transmitted SSB) . In some aspects, and based at least in part on the linkage specified by the communication standard, the network node may use a receive beam that is based at least in part on a transmitted SSB to receive the RACH message.
[0033] A UE may use a prediction algorithm, such as an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model, to predict a beam configuration that is not linked to a transmitted SSB. To illustrate, a UE that is capable of performing spatial beam prediction may predict a beam configuration for a RACH transmission as part of an initial access procedure to improve a direction of the beam (e.g., more directly toward the network node) and / or to reduce air interface resource consumption (e.g., reduce signaling overhead with a beam management procedure) . However, the predicted beam may have different characteristics, such as a spatial characteristic and / or a beam configuration, than a transmitted SSB. In some aspects, the network node may be unaware of characteristics of the beam configuration prediction used by the UE, resulting in the network node using a receive beam that is based at least in part on at least one of the transmitted SSBs and / or may be sub-optimal to receive the RACH message. Using a sub-optimal receive beam configuration may result in reduced signal quality in a received signal (e.g., a lower power level and / or a higher interference level) , increased recovery errors, and / or increased data transfer latencies. In some aspects, using a sub-optimal receive beam configuration may result in failure of an initial access procedure.
[0034] Alternatively, or additionally, the UE using a beam configuration prediction, rather than a transmission-based beam configuration, may result in some ambiguity at the UE for selecting an RO and / or a preamble from a set of RACH resources that are linked to transmitted SSBs. Ambiguity in the selection of a particular RO and / or a preamble may result in reception errors at the network node and / or a failed initial access procedure.
[0035] Various aspects relate generally to selection of a RACH resource using spatial beam prediction. Some aspects more specifically relate to a UE selecting a RACH resource from a set of RACH resources that are linked to beam configuration predictions, rather than transmission-based beam configurations. In some aspects, a UE may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources. The first set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, and the second set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics. The UE may transmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. In some aspects, the UE may select the RACH resource based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE. As one example, the UE may include a spatial beam prediction capability and / or may predict a beam configuration using the spatial beam capability. Accordingly, the UE may select the RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources indicated by the system information. As another example, the UE may not include a spatial beam prediction capability, and the UE may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources indicated by the system information.
[0036] In some aspects, a network node may transmit system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources. The first set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more SSBs, and the second set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more beam configuration predictions. The network node may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. For example, the RACH resource may be from the second set of RACH resources, and the network node may receive the RACH message using a particular beam configuration prediction of the one or more beam configuration predictions. As another example, the RACH resource may be from the first set of RACH resources, and the network node may receive the RACH message using a reception configuration that is based at least in part on one or more transmitted SSBs by the network node. Accordingly, the network node may receive the RACH message based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE (e.g., whether the UE supports spatial beam prediction or does not support spatial beam prediction) .
[0037] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by using a first set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more transmitted SSBs and a second set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more beam configuration predictions, the described techniques can be used to enable a UE to transmit, and a network node to receive, a RACH message (e.g., MSG1 and / or MSGA) using a predicted beam configuration that may not have been used by the network node to transmit an SSB, rather than a RACH resource from the first-set of RACH resources that is linked to a transmission-based beam configuration. Based at least in part on a linkage between the second set of RACH resources and the one or more beam configuration predictions, the network node may receive the RACH message using a receive beam configuration that is based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction. Using a receive beam configuration that is based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction may result in an increased signal quality in the received signal (e.g., a higher power level and / or a lower interference level) , reduced recovery errors, and / or reduced data transfer latencies relative to using a receive beam configuration that is not based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction. In some aspects, the network node using a receive beam configuration that is based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction may mitigate failure of the initial access procedure.
[0038] Using a first set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more transmitted SSBs and / or transmission-based beam configurations and a second set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more beam configuration predictions may, alternatively, enable a linkage between the second set of RACH resources and any combination of one or more ROs and / or one or more preambles. Enabling a linkage between the second set of RACH resources and the ROs and / or the preambles may mitigate ambiguity at the UE for selecting a RACH resource to use for a RACH message and / or ambiguity at the network node for receiving and / or decoding information carried by the RACH message. Mitigating ambiguity at the UE and / or the network node may mitigate reception errors at the network node and / or a failed initial access procedure.
[0039] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0040] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0041] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0042] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0043] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-aor FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0044] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0045] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0046] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0047] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0048] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0049] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) network node) .
[0050] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0051] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0052] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0053] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0054] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0055] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an extended reality (XR) device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0056] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0057] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0058] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” ) . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0059] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0060] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0061] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0062] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some radio access technologies (RATs) may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0063] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics; and transmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0064] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., a network node 110) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may transmit system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations; and receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0065] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0066] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0067] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0068] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0069] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0070] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0071] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0072] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0073] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0074] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0075] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0076] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0077] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0078] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0079] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0080] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink SRS, and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0081] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0082] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0083] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0084] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0085] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0086] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0087] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0088] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0089] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0090] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0091] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0092] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0093] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0094] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with selection of a RACH resource using spatial beam prediction, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1100 of Fig. 11, process 1200 of Fig. 12 or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1100 of Fig. 11, process 1200 of Fig. 12, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0095] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) includes means for receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics; and / or means for transmitting, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0096] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., a network node 110) includes means for transmitting system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations; and / or means for receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE. The means for the network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0097] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples 400, 410, and 420 of beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, examples 400, 410, and 420 include a UE 120 in communication with a network node 110 in a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100) . However, the devices shown in Fig. 4 are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UE 120 and a network node 110 or transmit receive point (TRP) , between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) child node and an IAB parent node, and / or between a scheduled node and a scheduling node) . In some aspects, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state) .
[0098] As shown in Fig. 4, example 400 may include a network node 110 (e.g., one or more network node devices such as an RU, a DU, and / or a CU, among other examples) and a UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example 400 depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., P1 CSI-RS beam management) . The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, and / or a beam search procedure. As shown in Fig. 4 and example 400, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling) , semi-persistent (e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling) , and / or aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) .
[0099] The first beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The network node 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam for beam management. To enable the UE 120 to perform receive (Rx) beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) each CSI-RS at multiple times within the same reference signal (RS) resource set so that the UE 120 can sweep through receive beams in multiple transmission instances. For example, if the network node 110 has a set of N transmit beams and the UE 120 has a set of M receive beams, the CSI-RS may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams M times so that the UE 120 may receive M instances of the CSI-RS per transmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the network node 110, the UE 120 may perform beam sweeping through the receive beams of the UE 120. As a result, the first beam management procedure may enable the UE 120 to measure a CSI-RS on different transmit beams using different receive beams to support selection of network node 110 transmit beams / UE 120 receive beam (s) beam pair (s) . The UE 120 may report the measurements to the network node 110 to enable the network node 110 to select one or more beam pair (s) for communication between the network node 110 and the UE 120. While example 400 has been described in connection with CSI-RSs, the first beam management process may also use SSBs for beam management in a similar manner as described above.
[0100] As shown in Fig. 4, example 410 may include a network node 110 and a UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example 410 depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., P2 CSI-RS beam management) . The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a network node beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, and / or a transmit beam refinement procedure. As shown in Fig. 4 and example 410, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) . The second beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beams may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the network node 110 (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE 120 in connection with the first beam management procedure) . The network node 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam of the one or more transmit beams for beam management. The UE 120 may measure each CSI-RS using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure) . The second beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 to select a best transmit beam based at least in part on measurements of the CSI-RSs (e.g., measured by the UE 120 using the single receive beam) reported by the UE 120.
[0101] As shown in Fig. 4, example 420 depicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., P3 CSI-RS beam management) . The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, and / or a receive beam refinement procedure. As shown in Fig. 4 and example 420, one or more CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) . The third beam management process may include the network node 110 transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs using a single transmit beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE 120 in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . To enable the UE 120 to perform receive beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) CSI-RS at multiple times within the same RS resource set so that UE 120 can sweep through one or more receive beams in multiple transmission instances. The one or more receive beams may be a subset of all receive beams associated with the UE 120 (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 to select a best receive beam based at least in part on reported measurements received from the UE 120 (e.g., of the CSI-RS of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams) .
[0102] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example of beam management procedures. Other examples of beam management procedures may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 4. For example, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform the third beam management procedure before performing the second beam management procedure, and / or the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform a similar beam management procedure to select a UE transmit beam.
[0103] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of an AI / ML based beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, an AI / ML model 510 may be deployed at or on a UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host) may be deployed at, or on, a UE 120. The AI / ML model 510 may enable the UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to the AI / ML model 510.
[0104] For example, as shown by reference number 515, an input to the AI / ML model 510 may include measurements associated with a first set of beams. For example, a network node 110 may transmit one or more signals using respective beams from the first set of beams. The UE 120 may perform measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) of the first set of beams to obtain a first set of measurements. For example, each beam, from the first set of beams, may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the AI / ML model 510 along with information associated with the first set of beams and / or a second set of beams, such as a beam direction (e.g., spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams.
[0105] As shown by reference number 520, the AI / ML model 510 may output one or more predictions. The one or more predictions may include predicted measurement values (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurement values) associated with the second set of beams. This may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by the UE 120, thereby conversing power of the UE 120 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in the first set of beams and the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction.
[0106] As another example, an output of the AI / ML model 510 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as a non-codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement report or values, collected at different points in time, may be input to the AI / ML model 510. This may enable the AI / ML model 510 to output codebook based and / or non-codebook based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and / or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time. The output (s) of the AI / ML model 510, as described herein, may facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure or a P3 beam management procedure) , link quality or interference adaptation procedure, beam failure and / or beam blockage predictions, and / or radio link failure predictions, among other examples.
[0107] In some examples, the first set of beams may be referred to as Set B beams and the second set of beams may be referred to as Set A beams. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) . In some other examples, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first set of beams (e.g., the Set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) and the second set of beams (e.g., the Set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) . In one example, the AI / ML model 510 may perform spatial-domain beam predictions for beams included in the Set A beams based on measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams. As another example, the AI / ML model 510 may perform temporal beam prediction for beams included in the Set A beams based on historic measurement results of beams included in the Set B beams.
[0108] Different use cases for AI / ML based beam management may have varying trade-offs with regard to performance (e.g., time savings, air interface resource consumption, and / or prediction accuracy) , complexity (e.g., signalling overhead, a number of input variables used to perform AI / ML based beam management, and / or a number of output predictions) , and / or a potential impact to a communication standard (e.g., message definitions, signalling transactions, and / or signalling efficiency) . Alternatively, or additionally, various algorithms and / or configurations of AI / ML based beam management that perform beam prediction in a time domain and / or a spatial domain may vary from one another in signalling overhead, latency reduction (e.g., a latency associated with performing a beam management procedure) , and / or a beam selection accuracy. Accordingly, the application of AI / ML based beam management may differ from a first use case to a second first case. Examples of AI / ML based beam management may include narrow-to-narrow beam prediction that predicts a second narrow beam based at least in part on a first narrow beam and / or wide-to-narrow prediction that predicts a narrow beam based at least in part on a wide beam. “Narrow beam” may denote a beam that has a spatial width that satisfies a narrow threshold, and “wide beam” may denote a beam that has a spatial width that satisfies a wide threshold.
[0109] In some aspects, a communication standard may specify one or more AI / ML algorithms and / or configurations that may be used for beam management. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication standard may specify how a network node and / or a UE communicate with one another based at least in part on AI / ML based beam management and / or a particular AI / ML model and / or configuration that is used for the beam management. For efficiency (e.g., efficiency memory usage, reduced configuration time latencies, and / or reduced execution time) , selection of a particular AI / ML model and / or configuration by the communication standard may be based at least in part on various conditions, such as a collaboration level between the network node and / or the UE, an ability for reuse of the AI / ML model and / or configuration for multiple use cases, and / or lifecycle management of the AI / ML model (e.g., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, and / or model updating) .
[0110] AI / ML model (s) and / or algorithm (s) for AI / ML based beam management may be characterized by respective baseline performance evaluations of various beam management test cases. Using a same beam management test case for each AI / ML model and / or algorithm may result in the generation of metrics that may be compared to evaluate the AI / ML models (s) and / or to identify the various trade-offs provided by each respective AI / ML model. A first example beam management test case may include or more spatial-domain downlink beam predictions for a first set of beams, where the spatial-domain downlink beam prediction may be based at least in part on one or more measurement calculations and / or measurement results (e.g., measurement metrics) using a second set of beams. A second example beam management test case may include one or more temporal downlink beam predictions for a first set of beams, where the temporal downlink beam prediction (s) may be based on one or more historic measurement calculations and / or measurement results using a second set of beams.
[0111] Various configurations may be used for the first beam management test case and / or the second beam management test case. As one example, a first configuration may be a frequency range for each set of beams, such as the first set of beams and the second set of beams being in a same frequency range and / or in different frequency ranges. As another example, a second configuration may be related to a number of beams in each set and / or a relationship between the sets of beams. For instance, the second set of beams may be a subset of the first set of beams (e.g., the first set of predicted beams may include the second set of beams) , the first set of beams and the second set of beams may include a same number of beams, and / or the first set of beams and the second set of beams may include a different number of beams from one another. In some aspects, a third example configuration may be spatial configurations of the first set of beams and the second set of beams, such as the first set of beams being configured as narrow beams and the second set of beams being configured as wide beams, and / or the first set of beams and the second set of beams both being narrow beams or wide beams. Alternatively, or additionally, a fourth example configuration may include a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship between the first set of beams and the second set of beams, and / or a fifth example configuration may include a configuration for how the second set of beams are predicted from the first set of beams, such as through the use of a fixed pattern, a random pattern, and / or a set of preconfigured patterns. Alternatively, or additionally, a sixth example configuration may include a codebook configuration that is used to construct a beam. As described above, the first set of beams may be predicted beams (e.g., predicted downlink beams and / or predicted uplink beams) that are based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics generated using the second set of beams.
[0112] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0113] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a four-step random access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, a network node 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one another to perform the four-step random access procedure. While the example 600 is a four-step random access procedure, other examples may include a two-step random access procedure that consolidates one or more messages shown by Fig. 6 into what may be referred to as MSGA and / or MSGB.
[0114] As shown by reference number 605, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more SSBs and random access configuration information. In some aspects, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in and / or indicated by system information (e.g., in one or more system information blocks (SIBs) ) and / or an SSB, such as for contention-based random access. Additionally, or alternatively, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in a radio resource control (RRC) message and / or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order message that triggers a RACH procedure, such as for contention-free random access. The random access configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the random access procedure, such as one or more parameters for transmitting a RAM and / or one or more parameters for receiving a random access response (RAR) .
[0115] As shown by reference number 610, the UE 120 may transmit a RAM, which may include a preamble (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, or a RAM preamble) . The message that includes the preamble may be referred to as a message 1, msg1, MSG1, a first message, or an initial message in a four-step random access procedure. The random access message may include a random access preamble identifier.
[0116] As shown by reference number 615, the network node 110 may transmit an RAR as a reply to the preamble. The message that includes the RAR may be referred to as message 2, msg2, MSG2, or a second message in a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAR may indicate the detected random access preamble identifier (e.g., received from the UE 120 in msg1) . Additionally, or alternatively, the RAR may indicate a resource allocation to be used by the UE 120 to transmit message 3 (msg3) .
[0117] In some aspects, as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit a PDCCH communication for the RAR. The PDCCH communication may schedule a PDSCH communication that includes the RAR. For example, the PDCCH communication may indicate a resource allocation for the PDSCH communication. Also as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit the PDSCH communication for the RAR, as scheduled by the PDCCH communication. The RAR may be included in a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) of the PDSCH communication.
[0118] As shown by reference number 620, the UE 120 may transmit an RRC connection request message. The RRC connection request message may be referred to as message 3, msg3, MSG3, or a third message of a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RRC connection request may include a UE identifier, UCI, and / or a PUSCH communication (e.g., an RRC connection request) .
[0119] As shown by reference number 625, the network node 110 may transmit an RRC connection setup message. The RRC connection setup message may be referred to as message 4, msg4, MSG4, or a fourth message of a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RRC connection setup message may include the detected UE identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information. As shown by reference number 630, if the UE 120 successfully receives the RRC connection setup message, the UE 120 may transmit a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) .
[0120] In some aspects, a RACH procedure, such as the four-step RACH procedure described with regard to the example 600 and / or a two-step RACH procedure, may be based at least in part on a linkage between an SSB transmission by the network node 110 and a transmission configuration and / or a RACH resource used by the UE 120. To illustrate, a communication standard (e.g., a 5G NR communication standard) may specify that each RACH occasion (RO) and / or RACH preamble is linked to, and / or associated with, a respective SSB that is actually transmitted by the network node 110 (e.g., a transmitted SSB) . Based at least in part on the linkage specified by the communication standard, the network node 110 may use a receive beam that is based at least in part on a transmitted SSB to receive a RACH preamble and / or a RACH transmission in the RO, such as the MSG1 as described above and / or a MSGA of a two-step RACH procedure.
[0121] Using AI / ML based beam management and / or AI / ML based spatial beam prediction may result in a UE (e.g., the UE 120) predicting a beam configuration that is not linked to a transmitted SSB. To illustrate, a UE that is capable of performing spatial beam prediction, such as a narrow-to-narrow beam prediction and / or a wide-to-narrow beam prediction as described above, may use spatial beam prediction as part of an initial access procedure to predict a spatial configuration for a RACH transmission. The use of AI / ML based beam management by the UE 120 may reduce SSB overhead signaling and / or enable faster refinement (e.g., by eliminating the execution of a P2 beam management procedure) . However, the predicted beam may have different characteristics, such as a spatial characteristic and / or a beam configuration, than a transmitted SSB. That is, the beam configuration prediction may be based at least in part on a virtual beam. “Virtual beam” may denote a beam configuration (e.g., a direction, an angle, and / or width) that has not been used by the network node 110 to transmit a communication (e.g., an SSB) and / or has not been used by the UE 120 to receive the communication. Accordingly, “virtual beam” may denote a beam configuration that is predicted by the UE 120 (e.g., to transmit the MSG1 and / or the MSGA) , rather than a beam configuration that is linked to an actual transmission.
[0122] Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may use the beam configuration prediction to transmit a RACH message, and the network node 110 may be unaware of characteristics of the beam configuration prediction. To further explain, a MSGA of a two-step RACH procedure may carry information to the network node 110, such as a predicted strongest beam identifier (ID) and / or a predicted measurement metric (e.g., Layer 1 RSRPs (L1-RSRPs) . Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may use a particular MSG1 preamble, a particular MSGA preamble, a particular MSGA RO, and / or or a particular MSGA PUSCH occasion (PO) to indicate a predicted strongest beam ID. In some aspects, the MSGA and / or the MSG1 may be a first message received by the network node 110 from the UE 120. Accordingly, information carried by the MSGA and / or the MSG1 may not help the network node 110 receive the message. For instance, the network node 110 may use a receive beam that is based at least in part on at least one of the transmitted SSBs, rather than a predicted beam, to receive the MSG1 and / or the MSGA. That is, the network node 110 may not have knowledge of the beam configuration prediction prior to reception of the MSG1 and / or the MSGA and, subsequently, may use a sub-optimal receive beam configuration to receive the MSG1 and / or the MSGA. Using a sub-optimal receive beam configuration may result in reduced signal quality in a received signal (e.g., a lower power level and / or a higher interference level) , increased recovery errors, and / or increased data transfer latencies. In some aspects, using a sub-optimal receive beam configuration may result in failure of an initial access procedure.
[0123] Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 using a beam configuration prediction, rather than a transmission-based beam configuration, may result in some ambiguity at the UE 120 for selecting an RO, a preamble, and / or a PO from a set of RACH resources that are linked to transmitted SSBs. To illustrate, the beam configuration prediction may not be linked to a transmitted SSB, and subsequently may not be linked to a particular RO, a preamble, and / or a particular PO. Ambiguity in the selection of a particular RO, a preamble, and / or a particular PO may result in reception errors at the network node 110 and / or a failed initial access procedure.
[0124] Some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide selection of a RACH resource using spatial beam prediction. In some aspects, a UE may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources. The first set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, and the second set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics. The UE may transmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. In some aspects, the UE may select the RACH resource based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE. As one example, the UE may include a spatial beam prediction capability and / or may predict a beam configuration using the spatial beam capability. Accordingly, the UE may select the RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources indicated by the system information. As another example, the UE may not include a spatial beam prediction capability, and the UE may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources indicated by the system information.
[0125] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., a network node 110) may transmit system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources. The first set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more SSBs, and the second set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more beam configuration predictions. The network node may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. For example, the RACH resource may be from the second set of RACH resources, and the network node may receive the RACH message using a particular beam configuration prediction of the one or more beam configuration predictions. As another example, the RACH resource may be from the first set of RACH resources, and the network node may receive the RACH message using a reception configuration that is based at least in part on one or more transmitted SSBs by the network node. Accordingly, the network node may receive the RACH message based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE (e.g., whether the UE supports spatial beam prediction or does not support spatial beam prediction) .
[0126] Using a first set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more transmitted SSBs and a second set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more beam configuration predictions enables a UE to transmit, and a network node to receive, a RACH message (e.g., MSG1 and / or MSGA) using a predicted beam configuration that may not have been used by the network node to transmit an SSB. Based at least in part on a linkage between the second set of RACH resources and the one or more beam configuration predictions, the network node may receive the RACH message using a receive beam configuration that is based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction. Using a receive beam configuration that is based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction may result in an increased signal quality in the received signal (e.g., a higher power level and / or a lower interference level) , reduced recovery errors, and / or reduced data transfer latencies relative to using a receive beam configuration that is not based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction. In some aspects, the network node using a receive beam configuration that is based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction may mitigate failure of the initial access procedure.
[0127] Using a first set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more SSBs (e.g., transmitted by a network node) and a second set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more beam configuration predictions may, alternatively, enable a linkage between the second set of RACH resources and any combination of one or more ROs, one or more preambles, and / or one or more POs. Enabling a linkage between the second set of RACH resources and any combination of one or more ROs, one or more preambles, and / or one or more POs may mitigate ambiguity at the UE for selecting an RO, a preamble, and / or a PO for transmitting the RACH message, and / or ambiguity at the network node for receiving and / or decoding information carried by the RACH message. Mitigating ambiguity at the network node may mitigate reception errors at the network node and / or a failed initial access procedure.
[0128] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0129] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of a wireless communication process between a network node (e.g., a network node 110) and a UE (e.g., a UE 120) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0130] As shown by reference number 710, a network node 110 may transmit, and a UE 120 may receive, one or more SSBs. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit each SSB using a respective spatial air interface resource and / or a respective beam configuration. For instance, the network node 110 may transmit each SSB in a different direction, and each SSB may include a reference signal. Alternatively or additionally, each SSB may indicate respective configuration information of a control resource set (CORESET) , such as time-frequency domain resources, a modulation scheme, and / or a bandwidth. The configuration information may be used by the UE 120 to identify a particular CORESET (e.g., a CORESET#0) to recover and / or decode system information. Alternatively, or additionally, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) may indicate information that the UE uses to locate system information.
[0131] As shown by reference number 720, the UE 120 may generate one or more measurement metrics, such as one or more L1-RSRP measurement metrics. The UE 120 may generate the measurement metrics using the SSB (s) transmitted by the network node. For instance, the UE 120 may generate a first L1-RSRP measurement metric using a first SSB and / or may generate a second L1-RSRP measurement metric using a second SSB. In some aspects, the UE 120 may select a particular SSB based at least in part on the measurement metric (s) . To illustrate, the UE 120 may compare the measurement metric (s) and select the SSB that was used to generate the measurement metric that indicates the highest L1-RSRP measurement metric. Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may decode information carried in the SSB to locate a CORESET (e.g., the CORESET#0) .
[0132] As shown by reference number 730, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, system information. In some aspects, the system information may indicate a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources. “RACH resource” may denote any combination of an RO, a preamble, and / or a PO (e.g., a PO that is associated with a MSGA transmission in a two-step RACH procedure) . Accordingly, the first set of RACH resources may be associated with any combination of a first set of ROs, a first set of preambles, and / or a first set of POs, and the second set of RACH resources may be associated with any combination of a second set of ROs, a second set of preambles, and / or a second set of POs.
[0133] In some aspects, the first set of RACH resources and / or the second set of RACH resources indicated in the system information may be RACH resources assigned to an initial access procedure and / or for a RACH message associated with an initial access procedure, such as a MSG1 transmission and / or a MSGA transmission. The first set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more SSBs, and each SSB may be linked to a respective spatial air interface resource and / or beam configuration. Based at least in part on the linkage between an SSB and a beam configuration, the network node 110 may use the beam configuration of an SSB to configure a receive beam for receiving a RACH transmission that uses the linked RACH resource (e.g., from the first set of RACH resources) . In some aspects, the first set of RACH resources may be partitioned into N1 groups (N1 being a first integer) that may be chosen by the UE 120 for a RACH transmission (e.g., a MSG1 transmission and / or a MSGA transmission) directly and based at least in part on N1 measurement metrics using SSBs transmitted by the network node 110, such as by selecting the RACH resource that is linked to the SSB with the highest measurement metric. Accordingly, each RACH resource of the first set of RACH resources may be linked to a transmission-based beam configuration that is based at least in part on a transmitted SSB.
[0134] Alternatively, or additionally, the second set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more beam configuration predictions. That is, the second set of RACH resources may not be linked to a transmission-based configuration. Rather, each RACH resource of the second set of RACH resources may be linked to a respective beam configuration prediction that is a non-transmission-based beam configuration (e.g., is not a beam configuration used by a transmitted SSB and / or is not the reciprocal of the beam configuration used by the transmitted SSB) . In some aspects, the second set of RACH resources may be partitioned into N2 groups (N2 being a second integer) , and the UE 120 may not be able to select a RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources solely using the measurement (s) of the N1 SSBs transmitted by the network node 110. Instead, the UE 120 may select a RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on assistance information and / or a prediction algorithm (e.g., an AI / ML model) as described with regard to reference number 740 below. Accordingly, the second set of RACH resources may be linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that may be based at least in part on the measurements (e.g., the N1 measurements generated using the N1 transmitted SSBs) ) .
[0135] As described below with regard to Fig. 10, the network node 110 may indicate a first set of time-frequency domain resources for the first set of RACH resources and / or a second set of time-frequency domain resources for the second set of RACH resources. That is, the network node 110 may indicate a first set of time-frequency domain resource allocations for the first set of RACH resources and / or a second set of time-frequency domain resource allocations for the second set of RACH resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may indicate a first set of preambles that are linked to the first set of time-frequency domain resources and / or a second set of preambles that are linked to the second set of RACH resources. In some aspects, the first set of time-frequency domain resources are orthogonal in the time domain with the second set of time-frequency domain resources. In other aspects, at least a portion of the first set of time-frequency domain resources may be non-orthogonal in the time domain with the second set of time-frequency domain resources. The time-frequency domain resources that are non-orthogonal in the time domain may be orthogonal in the spatial domain through the use of orthogonal beam configurations and / or orthogonal beam configuration predictions.
[0136] As part of enabling the UE 120 to use a beam association access mode, the network node 110 may transmit system information that includes assistance information, and the assistance information may include beam association information that enables selection of a RACH resource and / or a spatial air interface resource associated with the RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources. To illustrate, each RACH resource of the second set of RACH resources may be linked to a respective beam configuration prediction and / or respective virtual resource, and the assistance information may indicate one or more characteristics about the virtual resource (s) . “Virtual resource” may denote an air interface resource, such as a spatial air interface resource, that is not directly linked with a transmitted signal (e.g., an actually-transmitted signal) . That is, a virtual resource may be a predicted spatial air interface resource and / or a non-transmission-based beam configuration.
[0137] To further explain, each RACH resource of the first set of RACH resources may be linked to a respective SSB that is transmitted (and / or is intended to be transmitted) by the network node 110, as described with regard to reference number 710, and the UE 120 may select a particular RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources based at least in part on the particular SSB. As described above, each RACH resource of the first set of RACH resources may be linked to a respective transmission-based beam configuration that is based at least in part on a respective transmitted SSB. Accordingly, the UE 120 may transmit a RACH message using a RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and a transmission-based beam configuration (and / or a reciprocal of the transmission-based beam configuration) of the transmitted SSB.
[0138] For the second set of RACH resources, each RACH resource may be linked to a virtual resource and / or a beam configuration prediction. As described above, the beam configuration prediction may be a non-transmission-based beam configuration that is not a beam configuration (and / or a reciprocal of the beam configuration) of a transmitted SSB. The UE 120 may measure one or more transmission characteristics of the transmitted SSBs and / or use the measurement metric (s) as an input to an AI / ML model to derive the beam configuration prediction, the virtual resource, and / or the spatial air interface resource. As one example, the AI / ML model may generate a narrow-to-narrow beam prediction that predicts a second narrow beam based at least in part on a first narrow beam. As another example, the AI / ML model may generate a wide-to-narrow prediction that predicts a narrow beam based at least in part on a wide beam, as described above. Accordingly, the beam configuration prediction, the virtual resource, and / or the predicted spatial air interface resource may be a refinement and / or an adjustment to the transmitted SSB, such as a direction refinement and / or a beamwidth refinement. The virtual resources and / or beam configuration predictions that are linked to the second set of RACH resources may be quantized refinements to the transmitted SSB (e.g., a quantized direction refinement and / or a quantized beamwidth refinement) . Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may use assistance information to select a RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources and / or the virtual resource linked to the RACH resource. Accordingly, the UE 120 may be unable to select a RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources, and / or the virtual resource linked to the RACH resource, directly from a transmitted SSB.
[0139] The assistance information in the system information may indicate a linkage between the SSB (s) transmitted by the network node 110 and the virtual resources linked to the second set of RACH resources. As one example, the assistance information may indicate an absolute beam direction and / or an absolute beam shape information (e.g., one or more angular-specific beamforming gains) associated with the N1 transmitted SSBs and the N2 virtual resources. To illustrate, the assistance information may specify a first SSB and a linkage to a first absolute beam direction and / or first absolute beam shape information associated with a first virtual resource (e.g., a beam configuration prediction and / or a predicted spatial air interface resource) that is associated with the second set of RACH resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the assistance information may specify a second SSB and a linkage to a second absolute beam direction and / or second absolute beam shape information associated with a second virtual resource that is associated with the second set of RACH resources. In some aspects, the assistance information may specify a linkage between an SSB and a set of absolute beam directions and / or absolute beam shapes that are quantized refinements to a beam configuration of the SSB. Based at least in part on selecting a particular SSB, the UE 120 may use the assistance information to identify an absolute direction and / or absolute beam shape information for a virtual resource. Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may select a particular RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources that is linked to the absolute direction and / or absolute shape information. In some aspects, the assistance information indicates a respective linkage between a respective RACH resource in the second set of RACH resources and a respective absolute direction and / or respective absolute shape information.
[0140] As another example, the assistance information may indicate a linkage between an SSB and relational beam configuration information for a virtual resource, such as a relative beam direction and / or relative angular-specific beamforming gain (s) . The relative beam direction and / or the relative angular-specific beamforming gain (s) may indicate one or more refinements to a beam configuration of a transmitted SSB. To illustrate, the assistance information may specify an SSB and a linkage to a first relative beam direction and / or first relative beam shape information, and the first relative beam direction and / or first relative beam shape information may indicate a first virtual resource that is linked to a first RACH resource of the second set of RACH resources. That is, the first virtual resource may be characterized by the first relative beam direction and / or the first relative beam shape information. Based at least in part on being relational information, the first relative beam direction may specify a difference between, and / or a refinement to, a beam direction of the SSB, and the first relative beam shape information may specify a difference between, and / or a refinement to, a beam shape of the SSB. Alternatively, or additionally, the assistance information may specify relational information between virtual resources. For instance, the assistance information may indicate a second relative beam direction and / or second relative beam shape information (e.g., a second virtual resource) that is linked to a second RACH resource of the second set of RACH resources, and the assistance information may alternatively or additionally indicate that the second relative beam direction and / or second relative beam shape information is relative to the first virtual resource. That is, the assistance information may indicate a linkage between the first virtual resource and the second virtual resource. Based at least in part on the linkage, the UE 120 may calculate a spatial air interface resource associated with the second virtual air interface resource and / or the second RACH resource, using the second relative beam direction and / or the second relative shape information in combination with the first relative beam direction, the first relative shape information, the beam direction of the SSB and / or the beam shape information of the SSB. In some aspects, the assistance information indicates a respective linkage between a respective RACH resource in the second set of RACH resources and a respective relative direction and / or respective relative shape information.
[0141] Alternatively, or additionally, the assistance information may indicate QCL source information, as described below with regard to Figs. 9A and 9B. The QCL source information may include QCL source types, such as a Type A QCL source (e.g., a source for Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and / or delay spread) , a Type B QCL source (e.g., a source for Doppler shift and / or Doppler spread) , a Type C QCL source (e.g., a source for average delay and / or Doppler shift) , and / or a Type D QCL source (e.g., a source for a spatial receive parameter) . In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate a linkage between a virtual resource, a RACH resource of the second set of RACH resources, and a QCL source, such as by indicating that a particular SSB is a QCL source for the virtual resource. To illustrate, the assistance information may indicate that a first SSB is a Type C QCL source for a first virtual resource, and / or that a second SSB is a Type A QCL source for a second virtual resource. Accordingly, for each virtual resource of the N2 virtual resources associated with the second set of RACH resource, the assistance information may indicate a QCL source for the virtual resource, and the QCL source may be selected from the transmitted SSBs. In some aspects, the assistance information indicates a respective linkage between a respective RACH resource in the second set of RACH resources and respective QCL information.
[0142] The assistance information may indicate one or more a priori probabilities that are associated with and / or linked to the virtual resources linked to the second set of RACH resources, such as a respective a priori probability measurement metric (e.g., L1-RSRP) for a respective virtual resource. Alternatively, or additionally, the assistance information may indicate one or more location-specific a priori probabilities for each virtual resource, such as a first a priori probability for a virtual resource and a first location, and a second a priori probability for the virtual resource and a second location. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit location-specific assistance information that indicates the location-specific a priori probabilities for the virtual resource, such as by transmitting first location-specific assistance information using a first beam and second location-specific assistance information using a second beam. While the assistance information may associate an a priori probability to a particular location, other examples may include the assistance information associating and / or linking the a priori probabilities to one or more measurement metrics that are based at least in part on the transmitted SSBs. For example, the assistance information may link each a priori probability to an SSB identifier (SSB-ID) , and the UE 120 may select the a priori probability that is linked to an SSB with the strongest measurement metric (e.g., the highest signal power level) .
[0143] In some aspects, the network node 110 may indicate, in the assistance information, SSB-specific assistance information, as described below with regard to Figs. 8A and 8B, to reduce a signaling overhead. Accordingly, the UE 120 may obtain different system information and / or different assistance information based at least in part which SSB the UE 120 selects. For instance, each SSB may be associated with a respective control resource set 0 (CORESET#0) , and each CORESET#0 may carry different system information. Accordingly, the network node 110 may indicate SSB-specific assistance in SSB-specific system information that is carried in an SSB-specific CORESET#0. The SSB-specific assistance information may include information associated with one or more virtual resources that are linked to a transmitted SSB, such as virtual resources with beam characteristics that satisfy a threshold, such as a direction threshold that is relative to a pointing direction of the transmitted SSB. The SSB-specific virtual resources may be refinements to the transmitted SSB, and the virtual resources may be configured with different quantization granularities (e.g., a quantized direction refinement and / or a quantized beamwidth refinement) that are relative to the transmitted SSB. Accordingly, the SSB-specific assistance information may only indicate a subset of virtual resources, and the subset of virtual resources (e.g., characteristics of the subset of virtual resources) may be within a threshold of a particular transmitted SSB. In some aspects, the SSB-specific assistance information may exclude (e.g., not include) one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set of RACH resource, and the excluded virtual resource (s) may fail to satisfy the threshold. To illustrate, and with regard to the assistance information including one or more a priori probabilities, SSB-specific assistance information may include a single set of a priori probabilities that are linked to a subset of virtual resources that are within a threshold of the transmitted SSB. The threshold may be specified by a communication standard and / or may be selected by the network node 110.
[0144] Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may transmit an indication of one or more prediction algorithms, such as AI / ML models, in the system information as part of a model indication access mode. For instance, the UE 120 may be pre-loaded and / or pre-configured (e.g., loaded into memory at the UE 120) with one or more prediction algorithms (e.g., AI / ML models) that are configured to perform beam management and / or spatial beam prediction as described above. In some aspects, each prediction algorithm may be assigned a respective ID, such as a model ID, and the network node 110 may indicate one or more model IDs in the system information. That is, the network node 110 may indicate one or more prediction algorithms to use for predicting a beam configuration and / or for selecting a RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources.
[0145] A communication standard may specify a respective functionality of one or more prediction algorithms (e.g., AI / ML models) that may be used for beam management and / or spatial beam prediction, such as by specifying one or more operating features, inputs, and / or outputs of a particular prediction algorithm. To illustrate, the communication standard may specify that a particular AI / ML model is to be configured to output (e.g., predict) a respective measurement metric for each virtual resource (and / or each RACH resource of the second set of RACH resources) using one or more input measurement metrics that are generated from the transmitted SSBs. For instance, the communication standard may specify that the particular AI / ML is to predict a respective L1-RSRP metric for each virtual resource using a set of L1-RSRP metrics of the transmitted SSBs. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication standard may assign a model ID to the particular AI / ML model. While a communication standard may specify the functionality of a prediction algorithm, other examples may include a UE and / or a network node selecting the functionality of a prediction algorithm and / or assigning the model ID.
[0146] In some aspects, the communication standard may provide specifications for multiple prediction algorithms (e.g., multiple AI / ML models) , and each prediction algorithm may be configured for a particular operating environment (e.g., channel condition and / or UE location) . Accordingly, the network node 110 may obtain one or more measurement metrics (e.g., as part of an initial access procedure) that indicate a current operating environment, and the network node 110 may select a particular AI / ML model from multiple AI / ML models specified by the communication using the measurement metrics that indicate a current operating environment. The network node 100 may indicate a model ID of the selected AI / ML model in the system information.
[0147] Alternatively, or additionally, the communication standard may provide specifications for multiple prediction algorithms that vary in a complexity level, such as multiple prediction algorithms that vary in an inference complexity and / or an output complexity. For instance, the communication standard may specify a first AI / ML model that is configured with a first level of complexity (e.g., a simple model) associated with predicting a single output, such as a preferred virtual resource. To illustrate, the communication standard may specify that the first AI / ML model outputs a preferred virtual resource by outputting a virtual resource ID of the preferred virtual resource. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication standard may specify a second AI / ML model that is configured with a second level of complexity (e.g., a medium complexity model) that is a higher level of complexity than the first level of complexity. For instance, the second AI / ML model may be configured to predict and / or generate two outputs: a preferred virtual resource and a measurement metric (e.g., a predicted L1-RSRP) for one or more different and / or non-preferred virtual resources. Thus, the second AI / ML model may include more inference complexity and / or output complexity relative to the first AI / ML model. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication standard may specify a third AI / ML model that is configured with a third level of complexity (e.g., a high-complexity model) that predicts and / or generates three outputs: a preferred virtual resource, a measurement metric for a non-preferred virtual resource, and a prediction confidence level.
[0148] The use of different complexity levels may enable different types of UEs with different computational resources (e.g., a memory size, central processing unit capabilities, and / or a power source size) to predict a preferred virtual resource, a measurement metric, and / or a prediction confidence level using the available resources. To illustrate, the network node 110 may indicate multiple model IDs, and each model ID may be associated with a respective AI / ML model that has a respective complexity level. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may indicate one or more confidence level thresholds in the system information, and the confidence level threshold (s) may be used to qualify a quality of a prediction generated by a prediction algorithm. The UE 120 may select one of the multiple model IDs that is configured for the available computational resources of the UE 120. To illustrate, a UE with a low battery level may select a prediction algorithm and / or an AI / ML model with a first level of complexity to preserve battery power, and a UE with multiple processors may select a prediction algorithm and / or an AI / ML model with a third level of complexity to enable qualifying a prediction quality. To illustrate, the third level of complexity may output a prediction confidence level, and the UE 120 may qualify a prediction quality by comparing the prediction confidence level to a confidence level threshold (e.g., indicated in system information) .
[0149] In signaling an indication of multiple prediction algorithms (e.g., an indication of a set of mode IDs) , the network node 110 may indicate a combination of prediction algorithm (s) that are configured for different signal characteristics and / or different measurement metric characteristics. For example, the network node 110 may indicate a combination of AI / ML models that are configured for different SSBs. To illustrate, a first AI / ML model may be configured to process the measurement metrics, generated as described with regard to reference number 720, based at least in part on a first SSB having a strongest power level out of the multiple SSBs, and a second AI / ML model may be configured for processing information based at least in part on a second SSB having the strongest power level. Accordingly, the network node 110 may indicate a variety of prediction algorithms that may be used for different SSB characteristics. In some aspects, the network node 110 may signal SSB-specific prediction algorithms in SSB-specific system information. In a similar manner as described above, a communication standard may specify the different signal characteristics of the multiple prediction algorithms.
[0150] Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may indicate, in the system information, one or more reserved sub-groups of RACH resources. Each RACH resource of the reserved sub-groups of RACH resources may map to a respective access mode type (e.g., a beam association assess mode type, a model indication access mode type, and / or a default access mode type) such that the UE 120, using a particular RACH resource of a reserved sub-group of RACH resources for the RACH message, may indicate the respective access mode type. In some aspects, the network node 110 may indicate a mapping between the reserved sub-group of RACH resources and the access mode types in system information.
[0151] As shown by reference number 740, the UE 120 may select a RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. In some aspects, the UE 120 may select the RACH resource based at least in part on system information and / or assistance information. Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may select the RACH resource using a prediction algorithm and / or an AI / ML model.
[0152] To illustrate, based at least in part on generating the measurement metrics as described with regard to reference number 720, the UE 120 may decode system information and / or assistance information included in the system information. In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate a linkage between a transmitted SSB and a first RACH resource in a first set of RACH resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the assistance information may indicate a linkage between the first RACH resource and a second RACH resource in a second set of RACH resources. For instance, the assistance information may indicate a linkage between the first RACH resource in the first set of RACH resources and any combination of an absolute beam direction, an absolute beam shape information, a relative beam direction, and / or relative angular-specific beamforming gain (s) of a virtual resource linked to the second RACH resource in the second set of RACH resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the assistance information may indicate that a particular SSB may be a QCL source for a virtual resource linked to the second RACH resource. In some aspects, the assistance information may indicate a respective a priori probability (e.g., a predicted measurement metric) for one or more RACH resources in the second set of RACH resources, and each a priori probability may be based at least in part on a particular transmitted SSB (e.g., by the network node 110) and / or a location. In some aspects, the assistance information may include SSB-specific information. Alternatively, or additionally, the system information may be SSB-specific system information. Accordingly, and based at least in part on using a beam association access mode, the UE 120 may select a RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources and / or a virtual resource using assistance information. That is, the beam association access mode may include the UE 120 obtaining system information and / or assistance information that indicates a linkage and / or an association between transmitted SSBs, the second set of RACH resources, and / or the set of virtual resources (e.g., beam configuration predictions and / or predicted spatial air interface resources) associated with the second set of RACH resources. While the UE 120 may use system information and / or assistance information to select the RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources, in other examples, the UE 120 may use a default access mode (e.g., a default mode and / or a fallback mode) to select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources, such as in a scenario where a measurement metric of a transmitted SSB is higher than predicted measurement metric (s) , inferring that selection from the first set of RACH resources may improve a signal quality relative to selection from the second set of RACH resources and / or a scenario in which the UE 120 does not support spatial beam prediction.
[0153] Based at least in part on obtaining an indication of one or more prediction algorithms, the UE 120 may select the RACH resource (e.g., from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources) using a prediction algorithm (e.g., an AI / ML model) . That is, the UE 120 may select the RACH resource using the model indication access mode based at least in part on including a spatial beam prediction capability. For instance, an AI / ML model may generate a respective measurement metric prediction for each RACH resource of the second set of RACH resources, and the UE 120 may select a particular RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources using the measurement metric prediction (s) , such as by selecting the RACH resource that is associated with the highest measurement metric prediction (e.g., highest L1-RSRP prediction) .
[0154] As described with regard to reference number 730, the network node 110 may indicate multiple prediction algorithms in the system information, such as by indicating multiple model IDs for multiple AI / ML models. In some aspects, the network node 110 may signal an indication of a set of SSB-specific prediction algorithms using SSB-specific system information. Based at least in part on receiving an indication of multiple prediction algorithms, the UE 120 may select a particular prediction algorithm from the multiple prediction algorithms, such as by selecting the particular prediction algorithm based at least in part on a complexity level and / or a measurement metric characteristic. As a first example, the UE 120 may select a first AI / ML model that has a first level of complexity (e.g., a simple model) to preserve battery power, and / or may select a second AI / ML model with a third level of complexity (e.g., a high-complexity model) based at least in part on including multiple processors and / or to qualify a prediction quality. As a second example, the UE 120 may select a particular prediction algorithm based at least in part on the measurement metrics generated as described with regard to reference number 720. To illustrate, the UE 120 may select an AI / ML model that is configured for the SSB that has the strongest power level indicated by the measurement metrics.
[0155] In some aspects, the UE 120 may not include a spatial beam prediction capability and / or the system information may not include assistance information to enable selection of a RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources. Accordingly, the UE 120 may proceed by using a default access mode and may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources, such as by selecting the RACH resource that is linked to the SSB with the measurement metric that indicates the highest signal quality. That is, the UE 120 may ignore the second set of RACH resources for selection based at least in part on not including a spatial beam prediction capability.
[0156] Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources based at least in part on a prediction confidence level. For instance, the UE 120 may include a spatial beam prediction capability, and an AI / ML model may calculate a prediction confidence level for a beam configuration prediction and / or a predicted measurement metric. Based at least in part on the prediction confidence level failing to satisfy a confidence level threshold, the UE 120 may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and / or may ignore the second set of RACH resources for selection. In some aspects, the UE 120 may obtain the confidence level threshold from system information, as described above.
[0157] As shown by reference number 750, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a RACH message. The UE 120 may transmit the RACH message using the RACH resource selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. Based at least in part on selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources, the UE 120 may transmit the RACH message using a spatial air interface resource (e.g., a beam configuration) that is based at least in part on an SSB used to select the RACH resource. Based at least in part on selecting the RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources, the UE 120 may transmit the RACH message using a virtual resource (e.g., a beam configuration prediction) .
[0158] In some aspects, the UE 120 may report, via the RACH message, an access mode type that indicates an access mode used by the UE 120 to determine and / or select the RACH resource. For instance, the UE 120 may indicate a first access mode type that indicates a beam association access mode, a second access mode type that indicates a model indication access mode, and / or a third access mode type that indicates a default access mode. Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may indicate a prediction result (e.g., a predicted measurement metric, such as a predicted L1-RSRP) and / or a prediction confidence level. As one example, the RACH message may be a MSG1 of a four-step RACH procedure and / or a MSGA of a two-step RACH procedure, and the UE 120 may select a particular RACH resource from a reserved sub-group of RACH resources (e.g., within the first set of RACH resources and / or the second set of RACH resources) as the RACH resource. Each RACH resource of the reserved sub-group of RACH resources may map to a respective access mode type such that the UE 120 using a particular RACH resource for the RACH message indicates the respective access mode type. As described above, the network node 110 may indicate the reserved sub-group of RACH resources and / or the access mode type mapping in system information. Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 120 may indicate and / or report any combination of an access mode type, a prediction result, and / or a prediction confidence level in a PUSCH transmission and / or another uplink transmission (e.g., any uplink message in a two-step RACH procedure and / or a four-step RACH procedure) using the reserved sub-group of RACH resources and / or via a scheduled uplink transmission.
[0159] In some aspects, a communication standard may specify that reporting of any combination of an access mode type, a prediction result, and / or a prediction confidence level is mandatory. In other aspects, the reporting may be optional and / or based at least in part on UE capabilities. For instance, the reporting may be conditional and / or based at least in part on multiple access modes being allowed by the network node 110. Accordingly, the UE 120 may report the access mode type to resolve ambiguity. To illustrate, the network node 110 may indicate both beam association information and model IDs in the system information. The model IDs may provide better performance (e.g., more accurate virtual resource selection and / or spatial air interface resource selection) relative to the beam association information, at a trade-off of memory usage. A first UE may select the model indication access mode type based at least in part on including multiple AI / ML models in memory, and a second UE may select the beam association access mode type based at least in part on having fewer computing resources relative to the first UE. Accordingly, and based at least in part on the network node 110 indicating information associated with multiple access mode types, the UE 120 may indicate an access mode type in a RACH message.
[0160] Based at least in part on receiving a report that includes a prediction confidence level, the network node 110 may determine whether to perform additional beam refinement or not. For instance, the UE 120 may report a model indication access mode type in combination with a first prediction confidence level that may be classified as a low confidence level. Accordingly, the network node 110 may determine to perform additional beam refinement based at least in part on the low confidence level. As another example, the UE 120 may report a second prediction confidence level that may be classified as a high confidence level, and the network node 100 may determine to not perform additional beam refinement.
[0161] As shown by reference number 760, the network node 110 may recover information from the RACH message. In some aspects, recovering the information may include recovering and / or decoding reporting information from the RACH message, such as access mode type information based at least in part on a particular RACH resource used to receive the RACH message.
[0162] Using a first set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more SSBs (e.g., transmitted by a network node) , and a second set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more beam configuration predictions, enables a UE to transmit, and a network node to receive, a RACH message using a beam configuration that may not have been used by the network node to transmit an SSB. That is, the UE may predict the beam configuration that is used to transmit the RACH message without the network node having actually transmitted a communication using the beam configuration (and / or a reciprocal of the beam configuration) . Using a receive beam configuration that is based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction may result in an increased signal quality in the received signal, reduced recovery errors, and / or reduced data transfer latencies relative to using a receive beam configuration that is not based at least in part on a beam configuration prediction.
[0163] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0164] Figs. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating a first example 800 and a second example 850, respectively, of SSB-specific assistance information, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0165] The first example 800 shown by Fig. 8A includes an example of SSB-specific assistance information that is based at least in part on a wide-to-narrow beam management procedure and / or a wide-to-narrow spatial beam prediction procedure. A first SSB 802 (shown through the use of a bolded line and a dotted pattern) may be transmitted by a network node 110 using a first direction and / or a first shape (shown as a wide beam) . In some aspects, a network node 110 may transmit first SSB-specific assistance information that is specific to the first SSB 802. For instance, and as shown by reference number 804, the network node 110 may transmit, as the first SSB-specific assistance information, information about one or more virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations related to the first SSB 802 (shown as four predicted narrow beams through the use of a bolded line and solid white) , such as an absolute direction, an absolute angular-specific beamforming gain gain (s) , relative direction, relative angular-specific beamforming gain (s) , QCL source information, and / or prior probability measurement metric (s) for the virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations shown by reference number 804. The virtual resources shown by reference number 804 may be refinements to the first SSB 802, such as quantized refinements as described above.
[0166] The network node 110 may identify the virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations related to the first SSB 802 using any suitable mechanism, such as a direction threshold as described above. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may exclude, from the SSB-specific assistance information that is based at least in part on the first SSB 802, assistance information about other SSBs and / or other virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations (shown through the use of a dotted line) . As described above, the network node 110 may transmit the first SSB-specific assistance information using resources of a CORESET#0 that are specific to the first SSB 802.
[0167] Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may transmit second SSB-specific assistance information that is specific to a second SSB 806 (shown through the use of a bolded line and a dotted pattern) and / or a wide-to-narrow beamforming management procedure. As shown by reference number 808, the second SSB-specific assistance information may include information about virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations related to the second SSB 806 (shown as five narrow beams through the use of a bolded line and solid white) and / or may exclude information about other SSBs and / or other virtual resources (shown through the use of a dotted line) . As described above, the network node 110 may transmit the second SSB-specific assistance information using resources of a CORESET#0 that are specific to the second SSB 806. As shown by Fig. 8A, the network node 110 may repeat the process by transmitting third SSB-specific assistance information that is specific to a third SSB 810 (shown through the use of a bolded line and a dotted pattern) and / or a wide-to-narrow beamforming management procedure. As shown by reference number 812, the third SSB-specific assistance information may include information about virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations related to the third SSB 810 (shown as four narrow beams through the use of a bolded line and solid white) and / or may exclude information about other SSBs and / or other virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations (shown through the use of a dotted line) . As described above, the network node 110 may transmit the third SSB-specific assistance information using resources of a CORESET#0 that are specific to the third SSB 810. Alternatively, or additionally, the virtual resources shown by reference number 808 may be refinements to the second SSB 806 and / or the virtual resources shown by reference number 812 may be refinements to the third SSB 810.
[0168] The second example 850 shown by Fig. 8B includes an example of SSB-specific assistance information that is based at least in part on a narrow-to-narrow beam management procedure and / or a narrow-to-narrow spatial beam prediction procedure. A first SSB 852 (shown through the use of a bolded line and a dotted pattern) may be transmitted by a network node 110 using a first direction and / or a first shape (shown as a narrow beam) . In some aspects, a network node 110 may transmit first SSB-specific assistance information that is specific to the first SSB 852, such as information about one or more virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations related to the first SSB 852 (shown by reference number 854 as four predicted narrow beams through the use of a bolded line and solid white) . Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may exclude, from the first SSB-specific assistance information, assistance information about other SSBs and / or other virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations (shown through the use of a dotted line) . As described above, the network node 110 may transmit the first SSB-specific assistance information using resources of a CORESET#0 that are specific to the first SSB 852.
[0169] Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may transmit second SSB-specific assistance information that is specific to a second SSB 856 (shown through the use of a bolded line and a dotted pattern) and / or a narrow-to-narrow beamforming management procedure. As shown by reference number 858, the second SSB-specific assistance information may include information about virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations related to the second SSB 856 (shown as five narrow beams through the use of a bolded line and solid white) and / or may exclude information about other SSBs and / or other virtual resources (shown through the use of a dotted line) . As described above, the network node 110 may transmit the second SSB-specific assistance information using resources of a CORESET#0 that are specific to the second SSB 856. As shown by Fig. 8B, the network node 110 may repeat the process by transmitting third SSB-specific assistance information that is specific to a third SSB 860 (shown through the use of a bolded line and a dotted pattern) and / or a narrow-to-narrow beamforming management procedure. As shown by reference number 862, the third SSB-specific assistance information may include information about virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations related to the third SSB 860 (shown as four narrow beams through the use of a bolded line and solid white) and / or may exclude information about other SSBs and / or other virtual resources and / or predicted beam configurations (shown through the use of a dotted line) . As described above, the network node 110 may transmit the third SSB-specific assistance information using resources of a CORESET#0 that are specific to the third SSB 860. In a similar manner as described with regard to Fig. 8A, the virtual resources shown by reference number 854, reference number 858, and / or reference number 862 may be refinements to the first SSB 852, the second SSB 856, and / or the third SSB 860, respectively.
[0170] A network node transmitting SSB-specific assistance information may reduce a signaling overhead and, consequently, preserve air interface resources for other transmissions. Preserving air interface resources may increase a data throughput and / or reduce a data transfer latency in a wireless network.
[0171] As indicated above, Figs. 8A and 8B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 8A and 8B.
[0172] Figs. 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating a first example 900 and a second example 950, respectively, of QCL relationships, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0173] A UE (e.g., a UE 120) may transmit a RACH message using spatial air interface resources that are directly linked to an SSB transmission as described above. For example, the UE may select a particular SSB based at least in part on a measurement metric and / or may select a RACH resource from a first set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more transmitted SSBs using the measurement metric. As at least part of transmitting the RACH message, the UE may infer a QCL relationship and / or a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state relationship between the transmitted SSB (e.g., linked to the selected RACH resource) and the RACH message transmitted by the UE (e.g., using the selected RACH resource) , unless separate TCI-states and / or QCLs are indicated to the UE (e.g., via a downlink message and / or via PDCCH) .
[0174] Alternatively, or additionally, the UE may select the RACH resource from a second set of RACH resources that are linked to one or more beam configuration predictions, as described above. In some aspects, the UE may receive system information and / or assistance information that indicates a QCL relationship between a transmitted SSB and one or more beam configuration predictions as described above. As one example, the system information and / or the assistance information may indicate a QCL relationship between a wide-to-narrow beam configuration prediction and an SSB. To illustrate, and as shown by Fig. 9A, the system information and / or the assistance information may indicate a QCL relationship between a first SSB 902 (shown as a wide beam through the use of a dotted pattern) and one or more virtual resources and / or beam configuration predictions (shown as three narrow beams with solid white) as shown by reference number 904. Alternatively, or additionally, the system information and / or the assistance information may indicate a QCL relationship between a second SSB 906 and one or more virtual resources and / or beam configuration predictions, as shown by reference number 908.
[0175] As another example, the system information and / or the assistance information may indicate a QCL relationship between a narrow-to-narrow beam configuration prediction. To illustrate, and as shown by Fig. 9B, the system information and / or the assistance information may indicate a QCL relationship between a first SSB 952 (shown as a narrow beam through the use of a dotted pattern) and one or more virtual resources and / or beam configuration predictions (shown as three narrow beams with solid white) as shown by reference number 954. Alternatively, or additionally, the system information and / or assistance information may indicate a QCL relationship between a second SSB 956 and one or more virtual resources and / or beam configuration predictions as shown by reference number 958.
[0176] In some aspects, and based at least in part on receiving the indication of a QCL relationship, the UE may configure a RACH transmission using the indicated QCL relationship. For instance, the UE may select a virtual resource from the virtual resources shown by reference number 904, and may configure the RACH transmission based at least in part on one or more QCL properties of the first SSB 902. As another example, the UE may select a virtual resource from the virtual resources shown by reference number 958, and may configure the RACH transmission based at least in part on the one or more QCL properties of the second SSB 956. The UE may use the QCL relationship information using the beam association access mode and / or the model indication access mode.
[0177] While the UE may obtain QCL relationship information from system information, the UE may alternatively or additionally obtain QCL relationship information from a prediction algorithm and / or an AI / ML model. For example, a UE using a model indication access mode may include an AI / ML model that outputs a predicted measurement metric, a predicted QCL source, and / or a predicted QCL source type (e.g., Type A, Type B, Type C, and / or Type D) . In some aspects, the AI / ML model may only predict a Type D QCL source.
[0178] Alternatively, or additionally, the UE may infer a QCL relationship (e.g., a Type A QCL source, a Type B QCL source, a Type C QCL source, and / or a Type D QCL source) with an SSB that the UE uses to obtain system information and / or decode information. That is, the UE may infer a QCL relationship with the SSB that indicates the CORESET#0 and / or a PBCH that the UE uses to obtain the system information. Accordingly, and based at least in part on inferring the relationship, the UE may configure a RACH message and / or a physical random access channel (PRACH) using the SSB and / or PBCH as a QCL source. In some aspects, the UE may receive a separate indication of a TCI-state and / or a QCL relationship (e.g., in a downlink message or PDCCH) . Based at least in part on receiving the separate indication, the UE may use the TCI-state and / or QCL relationship received via the separate indication.
[0179] As described above, system information and / or assistance information may indicate a QCL relationship. Alternatively, or additionally, the system information may indicate which determination option to use for selecting a QCL relationship (e.g., from system information, inferred from a selected SSB, and / or inferred from an SSB used to obtain system information) . In other aspects, a communication standard may specify the determination option to use and / or the determination option may be inferred based at least in part on an access mode type selected by the UE. For instance, a network node may support multiple determination options and / or multiple access mode types, and the UE may select one of the multiple determination options based at least in part on a selected access mode type. For instance, the UE may use system information to identify a QCL source (e.g., a first determination option) based at least in part on using a beam association access mode, and / or may use an SSB as a QCL source (e.g., a second determination option) based at least in part on using a model ID access mode.
[0180] As indicated above, Figs. 9A and 9B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 9A and 9B.
[0181] Figs. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating a first example 1000 and a second example 1050, respectively, of RACH resource allocations, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0182] A network node (e.g., a network node 110) may indicate a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources to a UE (e.g., a UE 120) , such as by indicating a time allocation, a frequency allocation, and / or a preamble allocation in system information. In the first example 1000 shown by Fig. 10A and the second example 1050 shown by Fig. 10B, time is represented on a horizontal axis, frequency is represented on a vertical axis, and preambles are represented on a depth axis. The first set of RACH resources (shown by Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B through the use of a dotted pattern) may be RACH resources that are linked to a measurement metric and / or a transmitted SSB, as described above. The second set of RACH resources (shown by Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B through the use of solid white) may be RACH resources that are linked to beam configuration predictions and / or virtual resources. As one example, the network node may first indicate an SSB-to-RO (e.g., a RACH resource) and / or preamble association in system information for the first set of RACH resources and / or may next indicate a second set of RACH resources by partitioning the RACH resources (e.g., one or more RACH resources in the first set of RACH resources) into the second set of RACH resources and / or associating the second set of RACH resources to virtual resources.
[0183] A UE may separately identify the time-frequency domain resource allocations and / or the preamble resources for each group of RACH resources. That is, the UE may distinguish between which RACH resources are allocated in the first set of RACH resources and which RACH resources are allocated in the second set of RACH resources. In distinguishing between the RACH resources, the UE may alternatively or additionally distinguish between how a respective transmission that uses each RACH resource is configured (e.g., a spatial configuration and / or a beam configuration) .
[0184] In some aspects, the network node may not support using different receive beams to receive a first RACH message via a first RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources (e.g., using a first receive beam) and a second RACH message via a second RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources (e.g., using a second receive beam that is different from the first receive beam) . Accordingly, and as shown by the first example 1000, the network node may configure a first set of RACH resources 1002 to be orthogonal in a time-domain with a second set of RACH resources 1002. That is, the network node may configure the first set of RACH resources 1002 and the second set of RACH resources 1004 such that there is no time-domain overlapping between any ROs and / or POs in the first set of RACH resources and any ROs and / or POs in the second set of RACH resources.
[0185] In some aspects, the network node may support using different receive beams to receive a first RACH message via a first RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources (e.g., using a first receive beam) and a second RACH message via a second RACH resource from the second set of RACH resources (e.g., using a second receive beam that is different from the first receive beam) . Accordingly, and as shown by the second example 1050, the network node may configure certain, and / or at least a portion of a first set of, RACH resources 1052 to be non-orthogonal in the time domain with certain and / or at least a portion of a second set of RACH resources 1054. However, the portion of the first set of RACH resources 1052 that are non-orthogonal in the time domain with the portion of the second set of RACH resources 1054 may be orthogonal in a spatial domain. Accordingly, the network node may configure at least some ROs and / or POs in the first set of RACH resources 1052 to overlap in the time domain with at least some ROs and / or POs in the second set of RACH resources 1054, but not overlap in the spatial domain.
[0186] As indicated above, Figs. 10A and 10B are provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 10A and 10B.
[0187] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with selection of a RACH resource using spatial beam prediction.
[0188] As shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics (block 1110) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics, as described above.
[0189] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include transmitting, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE (block 1120) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1304 and / or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may transmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE, as described above.
[0190] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0191] In a first aspect, process 1100 includes decoding assistance information from the system information, and selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on the assistance information.
[0192] In a second aspect, the assistance information indicates an association between the one or more SSBs and at least one of the second set of RACH resources, or one or more virtual resources linked to the second set of RACH resources.
[0193] In a third aspect, the assistance information indicates at least one of an absolute beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more absolute angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0194] In a fourth aspect, the assistance information indicates at least one of a relative beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more relative angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0195] In a fifth aspect, the assistance information indicates a respective QCL source for a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective QCL source being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0196] In a sixth aspect, the assistance information indicates a respective a priori probability of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective a priori probability being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0197] In a seventh aspect, the respective a priori probability includes a measurement metric.
[0198] In an eighth aspect, process 1100 includes selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on a prediction confidence level.
[0199] In a ninth aspect, process 1100 includes obtaining a confidence level threshold from the system information, and selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources includes selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources using the confidence level threshold.
[0200] In a tenth aspect, the assistance information is SSB-specific assistance information.
[0201] In an eleventh aspect, the SSB-specific assistance information is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs, and the SSB-specific assistance information indicates one or more quantized refinements of the particular SSB.
[0202] In a twelfth aspect, the one or more quantized refinements comprise at least one of a quantized direction refinement, or a quantized beamwidth refinement.
[0203] In a thirteenth aspect, the SSB-specific assistance information includes a single set of SSB-specific a priori probabilities.
[0204] In a fourteenth aspect, process 1100 includes selecting a prediction algorithm using the system information, generating one or more predictions using the prediction algorithm, and selecting the RACH resource based at least in part on the one or more predictions.
[0205] In a fifteenth aspect, the prediction algorithm is specified by a communication standard.
[0206] In a sixteenth aspect, process 1100 includes calculating the one or more measurement metrics using the one or more SSBs, generating the one or more predictions includes using the one or more measurement metrics as input to the prediction algorithm, and the one or more predictions comprise one or more predicted measurement metrics that are linked to one or more virtual resources associated with the second set of RACH resources.
[0207] In a seventeenth aspect, the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying complexity levels, and selecting the prediction algorithm includes selecting the prediction algorithm from the multiple prediction algorithms based at least in part on a complexity level of the prediction algorithm.
[0208] In an eighteenth aspect, the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying measurement characteristics, and selecting the prediction algorithm includes selecting the prediction algorithm from the multiple prediction algorithms based at least in part on a measurement characteristic that is based at least in part on the one or more SSBs.
[0209] In a nineteenth aspect, the RACH resource includes at least one of an RO, a RACH transmission preamble, or a PO.
[0210] In a twentieth aspect, process 1100 includes disregarding content included in the system information that is associated with the second set of RACH resources, and selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0211] In a twenty-first aspect, process 1100 includes transmitting an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.
[0212] In a twenty-second aspect, the indication is a first indication, and process 1100 includes transmitting a second indication of a prediction that was generated based at least in part on the access mode type.
[0213] In a twenty-third aspect, process 1100 includes receiving an instruction to perform a beam management procedure.
[0214] In a twenty-fourth aspect, transmitting the indication of the access mode type includes using, as the RACH resource, a particular RACH resource that is mapped to the access mode type, to transmit the RACH message.
[0215] In a twenty-fifth aspect, transmitting the indication of the access mode type includes transmitting the indication in a PUSCH transmission.
[0216] In a twenty-sixth aspect, transmitting the indication of the access mode type includes transmitting the indication based at least in part on multiple access mode types being supported by the UE.
[0217] In a twenty-seventh aspect, process 1100 includes obtaining, from the system information, an indication of a QCL source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs, and transmitting the RACH message includes transmitting the RACH message using the particular virtual resource and based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the QCL source.
[0218] In a twenty-eighth aspect, process 1100 includes generating multiple predictions using a prediction algorithm, the multiple predictions including at least: a predicted measurement metric associated with a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set of RACH resources, and a predicted QCL source that is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs. Alternatively, or additionally, process 1100 includes selecting, as the RACH resource, the particular virtual resource based at least in part on the multiple predictions, and transmitting the RACH message includes transmitting the RACH message based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the QCL source.
[0219] In a twenty-ninth aspect, the system information indicates, as the first set of RACH resources, a first set of time-frequency domain allocations, and the system information indicates, as the second set of RACH resources, a second set of time-frequency domain allocations.
[0220] In a thirtieth aspect, the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of ROs, the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of ROs, and the first set of ROs and the second set of ROs are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0221] In a thirty-first aspect, the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of POs, the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of POs, and the first set of POs and the second set of POs are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0222] In a thirty-second aspect, at least a portion the first set of RACH resources is non-orthogonal in a time-domain with at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0223] In a thirty-third aspect, the at least a portion of the first set of RACH resources is orthogonal in a spatial domain with the at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0224] Although Fig. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
[0225] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1200 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1200 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with selection of a RACH resource using spatial beam prediction.
[0226] As shown in Fig. 12, in some aspects, process 1200 may include transmitting system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations (block 1210) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1404 and / or communication manager 1406, depicted in Fig. 14) may transmit system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations, as described above.
[0227] As further shown in Fig. 12, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE (block 1220) . For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 1402 and / or communication manager 1406, depicted in Fig. 14) may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE, as described above.
[0228] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0229] In a first aspect, process 1200 includes transmitting, in the system information, assistance information that enables selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources.
[0230] In a second aspect, the assistance information indicates an association between the one or more SSBs and at least one of the second set of RACH resources, or one or more virtual resources linked to the second set of RACH resources.
[0231] In a third aspect, the assistance information indicates at least one of an absolute beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more absolute angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0232] In a fourth aspect, the assistance information indicates at least one of a relative beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more relative angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0233] In a fifth aspect, the assistance information indicates a respective QCL source for a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective QCL source being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0234] In a sixth aspect, the assistance information indicates a respective a priori probability of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective a priori probability being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0235] In a seventh aspect, the respective a priori probability includes a measurement metric.
[0236] In an eighth aspect, process 1200 includes transmitting a confidence level threshold in the system information, the confidence level threshold being associated with selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources.
[0237] In a ninth aspect, the assistance information is SSB-specific assistance information.
[0238] In a tenth aspect, the SSB-specific assistance information is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs, and the SSB-specific assistance information indicates one or more quantized refinements of the particular SSB.
[0239] In an eleventh aspect, the one or more quantized refinements comprise at least one of a quantized direction refinement, or a quantized beamwidth refinement.
[0240] In a twelfth aspect, the SSB-specific assistance information includes a single set of SSB-specific a priori probabilities.
[0241] In a thirteenth aspect, process 1200 includes transmitting an indication of a prediction algorithm in the system information, the prediction algorithm being associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.
[0242] In a fourteenth aspect, the prediction algorithm is specified by a communication standard.
[0243] In a fifteenth aspect, the one or more predictions comprise one or more predicted measurement metrics that are linked to one or more virtual resources associated with the second set of RACH resources.
[0244] In a sixteenth aspect, the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying complexity levels, and each prediction algorithm of the multiple prediction algorithms is associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.
[0245] In a seventeenth aspect, the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying measurement characteristics, each measurement characteristic of the varying measurement characteristic is based at least in part on a respective measurement characteristic of a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, and each prediction algorithm of the multiple prediction algorithms is associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.
[0246] In an eighteenth aspect, the RACH resource includes at least one of an RO, a RACH transmission preamble, or a PO.
[0247] In a nineteenth aspect, process 1200 includes receiving an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.
[0248] In a twentieth aspect, the indication is a first indication, and process 1200 includes receiving a second indication of a prediction generated based at least in part on the access mode type.
[0249] In a twenty-first aspect, process 1200 includes transmitting an instruction to perform a beam management procedure based at least in part on the second indication of the prediction.
[0250] In a twenty-second aspect, process 1200 includes receiving an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.
[0251] In a twenty-third aspect, receiving the indication of the access mode type includes receiving the RACH resource using a particular RACH resource that is mapped to the access mode type.
[0252] In a twenty-fourth aspect, receiving the indication of the access mode type includes receiving the indication in a PUSCH transmission.
[0253] In a twenty-fifth aspect, process 1200 includes transmitting, in the system information, an indication of a QCL source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0254] In a twenty-sixth aspect, the system information indicates, as the first set of RACH resources, a first set of time-frequency domain allocations, and the system information indicates, as the second set of RACH resources, a second set of time-frequency domain allocations.
[0255] In a twenty-seventh aspect, the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of ROs, the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of ROs, and the first set of ROs and the second set of ROs are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0256] In a twenty-eighth aspect, the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of POs, the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of POs, and the first set of POs and the second set of POs are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0257] In a twenty-ninth aspect, at least a portion the first set of RACH resources is non-orthogonal in a time-domain with at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0258] In a thirtieth aspect, the at least a portion of the first set of RACH resources is orthogonal in a spatial domain with the at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0259] Although Fig. 12 shows example blocks of process 1200, in some aspects, process 1200 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1200 may be performed in parallel.
[0260] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1300 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a reception component 1302, a transmission component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1308, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1302 and the transmission component 1304.
[0261] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 6-10. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1100 of Fig. 11, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0262] The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1308. The reception component 1302 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0263] The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may be co-located with the reception component 1302 in one or more transceivers.
[0264] The communication manager 1306 may support operations of the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1302 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1304. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1302 and / or the transmission component 1304 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0265] The reception component 1302 may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics. The transmission component 1304 may transmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.
[0266] The communication manager 1306 may decode assistance information from the system information. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication manager 1306 may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on the assistance information. In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on a prediction confidence level. The reception component 1302 may obtain a confidence level threshold from the system information, and the communication manager 1306 may use the confidence level threshold to select the RACH resource.
[0267] The communication manager 1306 may select a prediction algorithm using the system information. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication manager 1306 may generate one or more predictions using the prediction algorithm. In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 may select the RACH resource based at least in part on the one or more predictions.
[0268] The communication manager 1306 may calculate the one or more measurement metrics using the one or more SSBs. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication manager 1306 may disregard content included in the system information that is associated with the second set of RACH resources. In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 may select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0269] The transmission component 1304 may transmit an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource. Alternatively, or additionally, the reception component 1302 may receive an instruction to perform a beam management procedure. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may obtain, from the system information, an indication of a QCL source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs wherein transmitting the RACH message includes. The transmission component 1304 may transmit the RACH message using the particular virtual resource and based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the QCL source.
[0270] The communication manager 1306 may generate multiple predictions using a prediction algorithm, the multiple predictions comprising at least a predicted measurement metric associated with a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set of RACH resources; and a predicted QCL source that is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs. In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 may select, as the RACH resource, the particular virtual resource based at least in part on the multiple predictions.
[0271] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 13 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 13. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 13 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 13.
[0272] Fig. 14 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1400 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1400 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 includes a reception component 1402, a transmission component 1404, and / or a communication manager 1406, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1406 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1400 may communicate with another apparatus 1408, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1402 and the transmission component 1404.
[0273] In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 6-10. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1200 of Fig. 12, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 14 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0274] The reception component 1402 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1408. The reception component 1402 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 and / or the transmission component 1404 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 1400 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.
[0275] The transmission component 1404 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1400 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1404 for transmission to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may be co-located with the reception component 1402 in one or more transceivers.
[0276] The communication manager 1406 may support operations of the reception component 1402 and / or the transmission component 1404. For example, the communication manager 1406 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1402 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1404. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1406 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1402 and / or the transmission component 1404 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0277] The transmission component 1404 may transmit system information that indicates a first set of RACH resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more SSBs, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations. The reception component 1402 may receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a UE. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may transmit, in the system information, assistance information that enables selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the transmission component 1404 may transmit a confidence level threshold in the system information, the confidence level threshold being associated with selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may transmit an indication of a prediction algorithm in the system information, the prediction algorithm being associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.
[0278] The reception component 1402 may receive an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource. Alternatively, or additionally, the transmission component 1404 may transmit an instruction to perform a beam management procedure based at least in part on the second indication of the prediction. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 may receive an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.
[0279] The transmission component 1404 may transmit, in the system information, an indication of a QCL source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0280] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 14 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 14. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 14 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 14.
[0281] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0282] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of random access channel (RACH) resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics; and transmitting, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.
[0283] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: decoding assistance information from the system information; and selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on the assistance information.
[0284] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the assistance information indicates an association between the one or more SSBs and at least one of: the second set of RACH resources, or one or more virtual resources linked to the second set of RACH resources.
[0285] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of: an absolute beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more absolute angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0286] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 3 or Aspect 4, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of: a relative beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more relative angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0287] Aspect 6: The method of any one of Aspects 3-5, wherein the assistance information indicates a respective quasi-co-location (QCL) source for a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective QCL source being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0288] Aspect 7: The method of any one of Aspects 3-6, wherein the assistance information indicates a respective a priori probability of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective a priori probability being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0289] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the respective a priori probability comprises a measurement metric.
[0290] Aspect 9: The method of any one of Aspects 2-8, further comprising: selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on a prediction confidence level.
[0291] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, further comprising: obtaining a confidence level threshold from the system information, wherein selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources comprises: selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources using the confidence level threshold. wherein selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources comprises: selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources using the confidence level threshold.
[0292] Aspect 11: The method of any one of Aspects 2-10, wherein the assistance information is SSB-specific assistance information.
[0293] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the SSB-specific assistance information is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs, and wherein the SSB-specific assistance information indicates one or more quantized refinements of the particular SSB.
[0294] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the one or more quantized refinements comprise at least one of: a quantized direction refinement, or a quantized beamwidth refinement.
[0295] Aspect 14: The method of any one of Aspects 11-13, wherein the SSB-specific assistance information comprises a single set of SSB-specific a priori probabilities.
[0296] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, further comprising: selecting a prediction algorithm using the system information; generating one or more predictions using the prediction algorithm; and selecting the RACH resource based at least in part on the one or more predictions.
[0297] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, wherein the prediction algorithm is specified by a communication standard.
[0298] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 15 or Aspect 16, further comprising: calculating the one or more measurement metrics using the one or more SSBs, wherein generating the one or more predictions comprises: using the one or more measurement metrics as input to the prediction algorithm, and wherein the one or more predictions comprise: one or more predicted measurement metrics that are linked to one or more virtual resources associated with the second set of RACH resources. wherein generating the one or more predictions comprises: using the one or more measurement metrics as input to the prediction algorithm, and wherein the one or more predictions comprise: one or more predicted measurement metrics that are linked to one or more virtual resources associated with the second set of RACH resources.
[0299] Aspect 18: The method of any one of Aspects 15-17, wherein the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying complexity levels, and wherein selecting the prediction algorithm comprises: selecting the prediction algorithm from the multiple prediction algorithms based at least in part on a complexity level of the prediction algorithm.
[0300] Aspect 19: The method of any one of Aspects 15-18, wherein the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying measurement characteristics, and wherein selecting the prediction algorithm comprises: selecting the prediction algorithm from the multiple prediction algorithms based at least in part on a measurement characteristic that is based at least in part on the one or more SSBs.
[0301] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein the RACH resource comprises at least one of: an RO, a RACH transmission preamble, or a physical uplink shared channel occasion.
[0302] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, further comprising: disregarding content included in the system information that is associated with the second set of RACH resources; and selecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0303] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, further comprising: transmitting an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.
[0304] Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, wherein the indication is a first indication, and wherein the method further comprises: transmitting a second indication of a prediction that was generated based at least in part on the access mode type.
[0305] Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 23, further comprising: receiving an instruction to perform a beam management procedure.
[0306] Aspect 25: The method of any one of Aspects 22-24, wherein transmitting the indication of the access mode type comprises: using, as the RACH resource, a particular RACH resource that is mapped to the access mode type, to transmit the RACH message.
[0307] Aspect 26: The method of any one of Aspects 22-25, wherein transmitting the indication of the access mode type comprises: transmitting the indication in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission.
[0308] Aspect 27: The method of any one of Aspects 22-26, wherein transmitting the indication of the access mode type comprises: transmitting the indication based at least in part on multiple access mode types being supported by the UE.
[0309] Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 1-27, further comprising: obtaining, from the system information, an indication of quasi-co-location (QCL) source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs, wherein transmitting the RACH message comprises: transmitting the RACH message using the particular virtual resource and based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the QCL source.
[0310] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 1-28, further comprising: generating multiple predictions using a prediction algorithm, the multiple predictions comprising at least: a predicted measurement metric associated with a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set of RACH resources; and a predicted quasi-co-location (QCL) source that is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs; and selecting, as the RACH resource, the particular virtual resource based at least in part on the multiple predictions, wherein transmitting the RACH message comprises: transmitting the RACH message based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the QCL source.
[0311] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 1-29, wherein the system information indicates, as the first set of RACH resources, a first set of time-frequency domain allocations, and wherein the system information indicates, as the second set of RACH resources, a second set of time-frequency domain allocations.
[0312] Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 30, wherein the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of RACH occasions, wherein the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of RACH occasions, and wherein the first set of RACH occasions and the second set of RACH occasions are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0313] Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 30 or Aspect 31, wherein the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of physical uplink shared channel occasions (POs) , wherein the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of POs, and wherein the first set of POs and the second set of POs are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0314] Aspect 33: The method of any one of Aspects 30-32, wherein at least a portion the first set of RACH resources is non-orthogonal in a time-domain with at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0315] Aspect 34: The method of Aspect 33, wherein the at least a portion of the first set of RACH resources is orthogonal in a spatial domain with the at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0316] Aspect 35: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node comprising: transmitting system information that indicates a first set of random access channel (RACH) resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations; and receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a user equipment (UE) .
[0317] Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 35, further comprising: transmitting, in the system information, assistance information that enables selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources.
[0318] Aspect 37: The method of Aspect 36, wherein the assistance information indicates an association between the one or more SSBs and at least one of: the second set of RACH resources, or one or more virtual resources linked to the second set of RACH resources.
[0319] Aspect 38: The method of Aspect 36 or Aspect 37, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of: an absolute beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more absolute angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0320] Aspect 39: The method of any one of Aspects 36-38, wherein the assistance information indicates at least one of: a relative beam direction of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, or one or more relative angular-specific beamforming gains of the respective virtual resource based at least in part on the respective SSB.
[0321] Aspect 40: The method of any one of Aspects 36-39, wherein the assistance information indicates a respective quasi-co-location (QCL) source for a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective QCL source being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0322] Aspect 41: The method of any one of Aspects 36-40, wherein the assistance information indicates a respective a priori probability of a respective virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, the respective a priori probability being based at least in part on a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0323] Aspect 42: The method of Aspect 41, wherein the respective a priori probability comprises a measurement metric.
[0324] Aspect 43: The method of any one of Aspects 36-42, further comprising: transmitting a confidence level threshold in the system information, the confidence level threshold being associated with selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources.
[0325] Aspect 44: The method of any one of Aspects 36-43, wherein the assistance information is SSB-specific assistance information.
[0326] Aspect 45: The method of Aspect 44, wherein the SSB-specific assistance information is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs, and wherein the SSB-specific assistance information indicates one or more quantized refinements of the particular SSB.
[0327] Aspect 46: The method of Aspect 45, wherein the one or more quantized refinements comprise at least one of: a quantized direction refinement, or a quantized beamwidth refinement.
[0328] Aspect 47: The method of Aspect 45 or Aspect 46, wherein the SSB-specific assistance information comprises a single set of SSB-specific a priori probabilities.
[0329] Aspect 48: The method of any of Aspects 35-47, further comprising: transmitting an indication of a prediction algorithm in the system information, the prediction algorithm being associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.
[0330] Aspect 49: The method of Aspect 48, wherein the prediction algorithm is specified by a communication standard.
[0331] Aspect 50: The method of any one of Aspects 48-49, wherein the one or more predictions comprise: one or more predicted measurement metrics that are linked to one or more virtual resources associated with the second set of RACH resources.
[0332] Aspect 51: The method of any of Aspects 35-50, wherein the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying complexity levels, and wherein each prediction algorithm of the multiple prediction algorithms is associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.
[0333] Aspect 52: The method of any of Aspects 35-51, wherein the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying measurement characteristics, wherein each measurement characteristic of the varying measurement characteristic is based at least in part on a respective measurement characteristic of a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, and wherein each prediction algorithm of the multiple prediction algorithms is associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.
[0334] Aspect 53: The method of any of Aspects 35-52, wherein the RACH resource comprises at least one of: a RACH occasion, a RACH transmission preamble, or a physical uplink shared channel occasion.
[0335] Aspect 54: The method of any of Aspects 35-53, further comprising: receiving an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.
[0336] Aspect 55: The method of Aspect 54, wherein the indication is a first indication, and wherein the method further comprises: receiving a second indication of a prediction generated based at least in part on the access mode type.
[0337] Aspect 56: The method of Aspect 55, further comprising: transmitting an instruction to perform a beam management procedure based at least in part on the second indication of the prediction.
[0338] Aspect 57: The method of any of Aspects 35-56, further comprising: receiving an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.
[0339] Aspect 58: The method of Aspect 57, wherein receiving the indication of the access mode type comprises: receiving the RACH resource using a particular RACH resource that is mapped to the access mode type.
[0340] Aspect 59: The method of Aspect 57 or Aspect 58, wherein receiving the indication of the access mode type comprises: receiving the indication in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission.
[0341] Aspect 60: The method of any of Aspects 35-59, further comprising: transmitting, in the system information, an indication of quasi-co-location (QCL) source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs.
[0342] Aspect 61: The method of any of Aspects 35-60, wherein the system information indicates, as the first set of RACH resources, a first set of time-frequency domain allocations, and wherein the system information indicates, as the second set of RACH resources, a second set of time-frequency domain allocations.
[0343] Aspect 62: The method of Aspect 61, wherein the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of RACH occasions, wherein the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of RACH occasions, and wherein the first set of RACH occasions and the second set of RACH occasions are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0344] Aspect 63: The method of Aspect 61 or Aspect 62, wherein the first set of RACH resources includes a first set of physical uplink shared channel occasions (POs) , wherein the second set of RACH resources includes a second set of POs, and wherein the first set of POs and the second set of POs are orthogonal in a time-domain.
[0345] Aspect 64: The method of any one of Aspects 61-63, wherein at least a portion the first set of RACH resources is non-orthogonal in a time-domain with at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0346] Aspect 65: The method of Aspect 64, wherein the at least a portion of the first set of RACH resources is orthogonal in a spatial domain with the at least a portion of the second set of RACH resources.
[0347] Aspect 66: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-34.
[0348] Aspect 67: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-34.
[0349] Aspect 68: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-34.
[0350] Aspect 69: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-34.
[0351] Aspect 70: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-34.
[0352] Aspect 71: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-34.
[0353] Aspect 72: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-34.
[0354] Aspect 73: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 35-65.
[0355] Aspect 74: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 35-65.
[0356] Aspect 75: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 35-65.
[0357] Aspect 76: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 35-65.
[0358] Aspect 77: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 35-65.
[0359] Aspect 78: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 35-65.
[0360] Aspect 79: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 35-65.
[0361] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0362] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0363] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0364] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0365] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0366] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the UE to:receive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of random access channel (RACH) resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics; andtransmit, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:decode assistance information from the system information; andselect the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on the assistance information.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the assistance information indicates an association between the one or more SSBs and at least one of:the second set of RACH resources, orone or more virtual resources linked to the second set of RACH resources.4.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on a prediction confidence level.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:obtain a confidence level threshold from the system information,wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, are configured to cause the UE to:select the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources using the confidence level threshold.6.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the assistance information is SSB-specific assistance information.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:select a prediction algorithm using the system information;generate one or more predictions using the prediction algorithm; andselect the RACH resource based at least in part on the one or more predictions.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:calculate the one or more measurement metrics using the one or more SSBs,wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to generate the one or more predictions, are configured to cause the UE to:use the one or more measurement metrics as input to the prediction algorithm, andwherein the one or more predictions comprise:one or more predicted measurement metrics that are linked to one or more virtual resources associated with the second set of RACH resources.9.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying complexity levels, andwherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to select the prediction algorithm, are configured to cause the UE to:select the prediction algorithm from the multiple prediction algorithms based at least in part on a complexity level of the prediction algorithm.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:transmit an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:obtain, from the system information, an indication of quasi-co-location (QCL) source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs,wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the RACH message, are configured to cause the UE to:transmit the RACH message using the particular virtual resource and based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the QCL source.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:generate multiple predictions using a prediction algorithm, the multiple predictions comprising at least:a predicted measurement metric associated with a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set of RACH resources; anda predicted quasi-co-location (QCL) source that is based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs; andselect, as the RACH resource, the particular virtual resource based at least in part on the multiple predictions,wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the RACH message, are configured to cause the UE to:transmit the RACH message based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the QCL source.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system information indicates, as the first set of RACH resources, a first set of time-frequency domain allocations, andwherein the system information indicates, as the second set of RACH resources, a second set of time-frequency domain allocations.14.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the network node to:transmit system information that indicates a first set of random access channel (RACH) resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations; andreceive, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a user equipment (UE) .15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to:transmit, in the system information, assistance information that enables selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to:transmit a confidence level threshold in the system information, the confidence level threshold being associated with selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the assistance information is SSB-specific assistance information.18.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to:transmit an indication of a prediction algorithm in the system information, the prediction algorithm being associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.19.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying complexity levels, andwherein each prediction algorithm of the multiple prediction algorithms is associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.20.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the system information indicates multiple prediction algorithms with varying measurement characteristics,wherein each measurement characteristic of the varying measurement characteristic is based at least in part on a respective measurement characteristic of a respective SSB of the one or more SSBs, andwherein each prediction algorithm of the multiple prediction algorithms is associated with generation of one or more predictions that enable selection of the RACH resource.21.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to:receive an indication of an access mode type used by the UE to select the RACH resource.22.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the indication is a first indication, andwherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to:receive a second indication of a prediction generated based at least in part on the access mode type.23.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to:transmit an instruction to perform a beam management procedure based at least in part on the second indication of the prediction.24.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to receive the indication of the access mode type, are configured to cause the network node to:receive the indication in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission.25.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to:transmit, in the system information, an indication of quasi-co-location (QCL) source for a particular virtual resource of one or more virtual resources that are linked to the second set or RACH resources, the QCL source being based at least in part on a particular SSB of the one or more SSBs.26.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, system information that indicates a first set of random access channel (RACH) resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) based at least in part on one or more measurement metrics, the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more beam configuration predictions that are based at least in part on the one or more measurement metrics; andtransmitting, as at least part of the initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being selected based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of the UE.27.The method of claim 26, further comprising:decoding assistance information from the system information; andselecting the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources based at least in part on the assistance information.28.The method of claim 26, further comprising:selecting a prediction algorithm using the system information;generating one or more predictions using the prediction algorithm; andselecting the RACH resource based at least in part on the one or more predictions.29.A method of wireless communication performed by a network node comprising:transmitting system information that indicates a first set of random access channel (RACH) resources and a second set of RACH resources, the first set of RACH resources being linked to one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , the second set of RACH resources being linked to one or more predicted beam configurations; andreceiving, as at least part of an initial access procedure, a RACH message using a RACH resource that is selected from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources, the RACH resource being based at least in part on a spatial beam prediction capability of a user equipment (UE) .30.The method of claim 29, further comprising:transmitting, in the system information, assistance information that enables selection of the RACH resource from the first set of RACH resources and the second set of RACH resources.
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