PDU session establishment
The method for PDU session establishment in wireless communication systems, involving a MWAB node and instructions for source IP address routing, addresses the challenges of establishing efficient PDU sessions, particularly in VMR and IAB scenarios.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/118921
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently establishing protocol data unit (PDU) sessions, particularly in scenarios involving vehicle-mounted relays (VMR) and integrated access and backhaul (IAB) architectures.
The proposed solution involves a method and apparatus for PDU session establishment, where a next generation node B (gNB) component of a mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node receives a PDU session establishment request from a user equipment (UE). This MWAB node is composed of collocated MWAB-gNB and MWAB-UE components. The solution includes transmitting an identity of the UE, the PDU session establishment request, and an indication of the MWAB node to a first session management function (SMF), and subsequently, transmitting an N4 session establishment request to a user plane function (UPF) with instructions to record and insert source IP addresses and port numbers into packets.
This approach enables efficient routing of downlink packets to the source IP address, effectively establishing and managing PDU sessions in complex wireless communication scenarios, including those involving vehicle-mounted relays and integrated access and backhaul architectures.
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Figure CN2024118921_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] In Rel-18, service &system aspects 2 (SA2) conducted a study followed by a work item on vehicle-mounted relays (VMR) . During the study, it was agreed to limit the scope of the work to the integrated access and backhaul (IAB) architecture, whereby the IAB node consist of an IAB-mobile terminal (MT) and an IAB-distributed unit (DU) , with the IAB-DU establishing an F1 interface with a donor centralized unit (CU) over a wireless link. However, there are other architecture options to achieve the functionality of VMR.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support PDU session establishment.
[0005] Some implementations of the method and devices described herein include, receiving, from a next generation node B (gNB) component of a mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-gNB) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , wherein the MWAB-gNB and a UE component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and transmitting, to a first session management function (SMF) , an identity (ID) of the UE, the PDU session establishment request message, and an indication of MWAB node. In this way, DL packets can be routed to the source IP address.
[0006] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the MWAB-gNB, the indication of MWAB node together with the PDU session establishment request message.
[0007] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the MWAB-gNB, the indication of MWAB node when the MWAB-gNB triggers an N2 interface establishment.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first AMF may comprise an AMF that the UE connects to. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first SMF may comprise an SMF that the UE connects to.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and devices described herein include, receiving, from a first access and mobility management function (AMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , an identity (ID) of the UE and an indication of mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node; and transmitting, to a first user plane function (UPF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session, wherein the N4 session is associated with the PDU session. In this way, DL packets can be routed to the source IP address.
[0010] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from a first session management function (SMF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session. In this way, DL packets can be routed to the source IP address.
[0011] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include recording the source IP address and the port number of the UL packets based on the first indication..
[0012] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include generating the DL packet by inserting the source IP address as a target IP address and the port number into the DL packets.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first indication may comprise one of the following: an indication of Backhaul PDU session; an indication of a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) ; an indication of MWAB node; or an indication of network address translation (NAT) .
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first SMF may comprise an SMF that the UE connects to. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first UPF may comprise a UPF that the UE connects to.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and devices described herein include receiving at least one of a single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a data network name (DNN) requested by a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) during a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure, wherein the MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and transmitting, to a second user plane function (UPF) , a second indication that the second UPF to provide a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE in the case that a network address translation (NAT) functionality is performed by the second UPF for the PDU session. In this way, DL packets can be routed to the MWAB-UE.
[0016] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN by receiving, from a second access and mobility management function (AMF) , the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN together with the PDU session establishment request message.
[0017] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the second UPF, one of: (1) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE or (2) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and the port number.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the MWAB-UE, one of: (1) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE or (2) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and the port number.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second indication may further indicate the second UPF to provide a port number for the PDU session together with the public IP address of the MWAB-UE.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second indication may comprise one of the following: an indication of Backhaul PDU session; an indication of MWAB-UE; an indication of MWAB node; or an indication of requesting public IP address.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the S-NSSAI or the DNN may be authorized by 5th generation cellular network core (5GC) for a MWAB-UE to perform a MWAB operation.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second SMF may comprise an SMF that the MWAB-UE connects to. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second AMF may comprise an AMF that the MWAB-UE connects to. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second UPF may comprise a UPF that the MWAB-UE connects to.
[0023] Some implementations of the method and devices described herein include receiving, from a first session management function (SMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session resource setup request message, wherein the MWAB-gNB and a user equipment (UE) component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose the MWAB node; and transmitting, to the first SMF, a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE.
[0024] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the MWAB-UE, one of: (1) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE or (2) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and a port number.
[0025] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the first SMF, the port number together with the public IP address of the MWAB-UE.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first SMF may comprise an SMF that the UE connects to.
[0027] Some implementations of the method and devices described herein include receiving at least one of a single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a data network name (DNN) requested by a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) during a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment, wherein the MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and transmitting, to a second user plane function (UPF) , a third indication that the second UPF is not to perform a network address translation (NAT) functionality for the PDU session.
[0028] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN by receiving, from a second access and mobility management function (AMF) , the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN together with a PDU session establishment request message.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third indication comprises one of the following: an indication of Backhaul PDU session; an indication of MWAB-UE; an indication of MWAB node; or an indication that not to perform NAT functionality.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second SMF may comprise an SMF that the MWAB-UE connects to. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second AMF may comprise an AMF that the MWAB-UE connects to. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second UPF may comprise a UPF that the MWAB-UE connects to.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a MWAB node associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a non-roaming MWAB architecture associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 1D illustrates an example architecture for the MWAB operation associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 1E illustrates user plane protocol stacks to support the N3 interface for a MWAB node associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 1F illustrates a NAT functionality for MWAB-UE IP address associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 1G illustrates an example of a NAT functionality for private IP address.
[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 3 illustrates an example process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 9 illustrates another example process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 11 illustrates yet another example process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIGS. 12 through 17 illustrates an example of a device that support PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIGS. 18 through 23 illustrates an example of a processor that support PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0052] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0053] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0054] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0055] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0056] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a user equipment and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0057] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a user equipment can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, an SMF, an AMF, a PCF, a UPF or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0058] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a user equipment may also be referred to as a mobile termination (MT) . Besides, a user equipment may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The user equipment may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable user equipment, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture user equipment such as a digital camera, a gaming user equipment, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless user equipment, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “user equipment, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “mobile terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0059] As used herein, the term “mobile gNB with wireless access backhaul (MWAB) ” refers to a mobile base station acts as a gNB for other UEs and provide access to the 5G networks, i.e., providing a NR access link to UEs and connected wirelessly to the 5GC (using NR) through an IP connectivity provided by a PDU sessions established via a NG-RAN cell that the mobile gNB can camp on. The PDU session is provided either by a Terrestrial Network or by a Non-Terrestrial Network. Such mobile gNB may be mounted on a moving vehicle and serve UEs that can be located inside or outside the vehicle (or entering / leaving the vehicle) .
[0060] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports data collection in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0061] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0062] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0063] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0064] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0065] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0066] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0067] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0068] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0069] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0070] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0071] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0072] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as registration management, mobility management, connection management, access authentication / authorization etc. for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0073] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0074] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0075] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0076] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0077] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0078] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0079] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0080] There are some architecture options to achieve the functionality of VMR, for instance the so-called “Velcro” solution whereby the relay node consists of a UE co-located with a full gNB, with the gNB in the relay establishing N2 and N3 interface to an AMF residing in the 5GC over a PDU session. This architecture option which has not yet been studied by SA2 may be better suited to certain deployment scenarios for vehicle-mounted relays, for instance using the VMR where IAB is not widely supported, or the scenario in which the relay process local traffic in the vehicle to provide on board services with low latency.
[0081] It has been defined that the mobile wireless backhaul node comprises a UE / MT part and a full gNB part, which may be called as MWAB node instead. The new node can also be called VMR node or WAB node interchangeably. The UE / MT part can be called UE component of the MWAB (MWAB-UE) . The full gNB part can be called gNB component of the MWAB (MWAB-gNB) .
[0082] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a MWAB node associated with aspects of the present disclosure. When the MWAB node connects to its parent node, it can be regarded as the user equipment, that is, the role of the MT. When the MWAB node provides a service for its child node (the child node may be another MWAB node, or an ordinary UE) , it can be regarded as a network device, that is, it acts as a gNB.
[0083] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a non-roaming MWAB architecture for 5G system (5GS) . A UE connects to the gNB of MWAB node and establishes an PDU session with the 5GC / NGC serving the UE. There’s an NG (e.g., N2 / N3) interface between the MWAB-gNB and the 5GC / NGC serving the UE. There’s a backhauling (BH) PDU session between a MWAB-UE and a BH 5GC, which is used to transfer an operations administration and maintenance (OAM) message between the MWAB-gNB and an OAM server, the N2 message between MWAB-gNB and UE-AMF, and the data of UE’s PDU session (i.e., the N3 data between MWAB-gNB and UE-UPF) .
[0084] FIG. 1D illustrates an example architecture for the MWAB operation when no roaming was involved for the MWAB-UE. As shown in FIG. 1D, there may be two PLMNs involved, i.e., the PLMN 1 that serves the MWAB-UE, and the PLMN 2 that serves the UE connected to the MWAB.
[0085] FIG. 1E illustrates user plane protocol stacks to support the N3 interface for a MWAB node associated with aspects of the present disclosure. A PDU session between the MWAB-UE and the MWAB -UPF is established as a backhaul link to support the overlaid N3 interface. The N3 interface terminates at the MWAB-gNB and the UE-UPF respectively, which includes general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol user plane#2 (GTP-U#2) and user datagram protocol (UDP) / IP layer protocols between them. The UE connects to the MWAB-gNB. A PDU session between the UE and the UE-UPF is realized by the Uu interface between the UE and the MWAB-gNB, and the NG-U between the MWAB-gNB and the UE-UPF on top of the backhauling PDU session between the MWAB-UE and the MWAB -UPF.
[0086] The MWAB-UE IP address should be used for the DL packets from the UE-UPF in order to route the DL packets from UE-UPF to MWAB-UPF. The MWAB-UE provides the MWAB-UE IP address of the BH PDU session to the MWAB-gNB. The MWAB-gNB provides access network (AN) tunnel information, which includes the MWAB-UE IP address to a UE-SMF. The UE-SMF then provides the MWAB-UE IP address further to the UE-UPF. In this way, the UE-UPF inserts the MWAB-UE IP address into the target IP address of the DL packets, which enables the DL packets to be routed to the MWAB-UPF.
[0087] However, the MWAB-UPF may perform the NAT functionality for the BH PDU session, i.e., translates the MWAB-UE private IP address into a MWAB-UE public IP address for the UL packets and translates the MWAB-UE public IP address to a MWAB-UE private IP address for the DL packets, as shown in FIG. 1F.
[0088] There may be three NAT solutions. The first NAT solution is a static NAT, e.g., one private IP address corresponds to one public IP address, which is fixed. The second NAT solution is a dynamic NAT, e.g., one private IP address corresponds to one public IP address, which is dynamic changed (e.g. after 24 hours) . The third NAT solution is port Address Translation (PAT) , i.e., dynamic NAT and port reusing. For example, router generates one dynamic port number to replace source private IP address and one port number with a public IP address and the dynamic port number.
[0089] One possible solution is that MWAB-UPF translates different private IP addresses into the same public IP address with different port numbers. As shown in FIG. 1G, private IP address#1, private IP address#2 and private IP address#3 are translated into one public IP address and port number #1, port number #2 and port number #3, respectively. Upon receiving a DL packet, MWAB-UPF translates the public IP address into private IP address based on both the public IP address and the port number.
[0090] If NAT functionality in the UPF of BH PDU session (i.e., MWAB-UPF) is used, how to make sure that the NATed address is identifiable by the network function of UE’s serving PLMN (i.e., UE-UPF) should be considered. For example, during the PDU session establishment of a normal UE, MWAB-gNB provides N2 SM information including AN tunnel information (i.e., MWAB-UE private IP address) to the UE-SMF. If the PDU session anchor (PSA) -UPF of BH PDU session performs the NAT, the IP address included in the N3 GTP-U traffic is a NATed (i.e., MWAB-UE public IP address) , which is different from the IP address in the AN tunnel information provided to the UE-SMF.
[0091] That is, the MWAB-UE private IP address is only used inside the PLMN#1 serving the MWAB-UE but not outside PLMN#1. UE-UPF should use the MWAB-UE public IP address instead of MWAB-UE private IP address as the target IP address for the DL packets if NAT functionality is performed at MWAB-UPF. It should be considered how DL packets from UE-UPF can be routed to MWAB-UPF, e.g., if MWAB-UPF performs NAT functionality for MWAB-UE private IP address.
[0092] In view of the above discussions, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for PDU session establishment. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first SMF receives a PDU session establishment request message of a UE, an ID of the UE and an indication of MWAB node from a first AMF. The first SMF transmits, to a first UPF, an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source IP address and a port number of a UL packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a DL packet of the N4 session. The N4 session is associated with the PDU session. In this way, DL packets can be routed to the source IP address. Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2-23.
[0093] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve first AMF 201, first SMF 202, and first UPF 203. The first AMF 201 in FIG. 2 may be an example of core network 106 in FIG. 1A, and the first AMF may comprise an AMF that a UE connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a UE-AMF) . The first SMF 202 in FIG. 2 may be an example of core network 106 in FIG. 1A, and the first SMF may comprise an SMF that a UE connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a UE-SMF) . The first UPF 203 in FIG. 2 may be an example of core network 106 in FIG. 1A, and the first UPF may comprise a UPF that a UE connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a UE-UPF) . It would be appreciated that although the process 200 is applied to in the communication environment 100A of FIG. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues.
[0094] In the process 200, the first AMF 201 receives 210 a PDU session establishment request message of a UE from a gNB component of a mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-gNB) , and the MWAB-gNB and a UE component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose a MWAB node. The MWAB node may be an example of network entity 102 or UE 104 in FIG. 1A.
[0095] The first AMF 201 transmits 215 an ID of the UE (e.g., subscription permanent identifier, SUPI) , the PDU session establishment request message of the UE, and an indication of the MWAB node 220 to the first SMF 202 . Correspondingly, the first SMF 202 receives 225 the ID of the UE, the PDU session establishment request message of the UE, and an indication of the MWAB node 220 from the first AMF 201.
[0096] In some embodiments, the first AMF 201 may receive the indication of MWAB node from the MWAB-gNB together with the PDU session establishment request message. Alternatively or additionally, the first AMF 201 may receive the indication of MWAB node from the MWAB-gNB when the MWAB-gNB triggers an N2 interface establishment. For example, the MWAB-gNB indicates to first AMF 201 that it is a MWAB node when it establishes the N2 connection to the first AMF 201. As the PDU session establishment request message is transmitted from the UE to the MWAB-gNB and forwarded by MWAB-gNB to first AMF 201, when first AMF 201 receives a PDU session establishment request of a UE from the MWAB-gNB, the first AMF 201 knows that the PDU session establishment is triggered by the UE and the node to which the UE is connected is a MWAB-gNB.
[0097] Continuing with reference to FIG. 2, the first SMF 202 transmits 230 an N4 session establishment request and a first indication 235 to the first UPF 203. The first indication indicates the first UPF to record a source IP address and a port number of a UL packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a DL packet of the N4 session, and the N4 session is associated with the PDU session.
[0098] Alternatively or additionally, the first indication may comprise: an indication of Backhaul PDU session, an indication of a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) , an indication of MWAB node, an indication of network address translation (NAT) , or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0099] On the other side of the communication, the first UPF 203 receives 240 the N4 session establishment request and a first indication 235 from the first SMF 202. The first indication indicates the first UPF to record a source IP address and a port number of a UL packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a DL packet of the N4 session, and the N4 session is associated with the PDU session.
[0100] In some embodiments, the first UPF 203 may record the source IP address (i.e., public IP address of MWAB-UE) and the port number of the UL packets based on the first indication. For example, the first UPF 203 may recognize the N4 / PDU session based on a target IP address contained in the outer IP header of the IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU and records the corresponding source IP address and the port number from the outer UDP / IP header.
[0101] In addition, the first UPF 203 may generate the DL packet by inserting the source IP address as a target IP address and the port number into the DL packets. For instance, the first UPF 203 may identify the N4 / PDU session based on the target IP address of the DL packets. The first UPF 203 may find the corresponding public IP address of MWAB-UE (i.e., source IP address) and port number for the N4 / PDU session. Then the first UPF 203 may encapsulate the DL PDU into IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / DL PDU with public IP address of MWAB-UE and port number. Besides, the first UPF 203 may also insert GTP-tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) (provided by the UE-SMF and contained in AN tunnel information) in the GTP-U#2 header of the DL PDU.
[0102] FIG. 3 illustrates an example process 300 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve a UE 301, a MWAB-gNB 302, a MWAB-UE 303, a BH gNB 304, a MWAB-AMF 305, a MWAB-SMF 306, a MWAB-UPF 307, an OAM 308, a UE-AMF 309, a UE-SMF 310 and a UE-UPF 311. The UE-AMF 309 in FIG. 3 may be an example of first AMF 201 in FIG. 2. The UE-SMF 310 in FIG. 3 may be an example of the first SMF 202 in FIG. 2. The UE-UPF 311 in FIG. 3 may be an example of the first UPF 203 in FIG. 2. It is understood that the process 300 can be considered as a more specific example of the process 200 in FIG. 2.
[0103] At 312, a BH PDU session is established between the MWAB-UE 303 and a BH 5GC network. At 313, the UE 301 provides a PDU session establishment request to UE-AMF 309. MWAB-gNB 302 forwards the PDU session establishment request and optionally includes a MWAB indication to the UE-AMF 309. At 315, UE-AMF 309 performs the SMF selection.
[0104] At 317, UE-AMF 309 sends SUPI (i.e., UE ID) , the PDU session establishment request, and a first indication to the UE-SMF 310. For example, all the above information can be included in Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request from the UE-AMF 309 to the UE-SMF 310.
[0105] At 319, the UE-SMF 310 sends an N4 Session Establishment request to the UE-UPF 311, which includes a first indication / indicator. The first indication / indicator indicates the UE-UPF 311 to record the source IP address and the port number of the UL packets and inserts the source IP address and the port number into the UDP / IP header of the DL packets. The first indication can be a BH PDU session indicator, a MWAB-UE indicator, a MWAB indicator, a NAT indication etc. In this way, the UE-UPF 311 shall ignore the transport layer information (i.e., the MWAB-UE private IP address) contained in AN tunnel information provided by the UE-SMF 310, which is provided by the MWAB-gNB 302. The UE-UPF will keep the GTP-TEID in the AN tunnel information.
[0106] At 321, the UE-UPF 311 responds with an N4 Session Establishment response. At 323, a UE PDU session is established. Other steps of the PDU session establishment are performed at 323. Alternatively, the UE-SMF 310 may provide the first indication / indicator before. That is, the UE-SMF may sends an N4 session modification request to the UE-UPF 311, which contains the first indication / indicator and AN tunnel information provided by the MWAB-gNB.
[0107] At 325, the UE 301 sends UL data towards a UE App server. Upon receiving the UL PDU from the UE 301, the MWAB-gNB 302 encapsulates the UL PDU into IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU, where GTP-U#2 tunnel is established between the MWAB-gNB 302 and the UE-UPF 311 for the PDU session of the UE 301. The MWAB-gNB 302 inserts the MWAB-UE private IP address into the outer IP header of the IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU. Upon receiving IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU from the MWAB-UE 303, BH gNB 304 encapsulates the IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU into IP / UDP / GTP-U#1 / IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU, where the GTP-U#1 tunnel is established between the BH-gNB 304 and the MWAB-UPF 307 for the BH PDU session of MWAB-UE 303.
[0108] At 327, the MWAB-UPF 307 receives the UL data in the form of IP / UDP / GTP-U#1 / IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU and decapsulates the UL packet into IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU. The MWAB-UPF 307 performs a NAT translation for the BH PDU session (or for the MWAB-UE private IP address) , i.e., the MWAB-UPF 307 translates the MWAB-UE private IP address into the MWAB-UE public IP address and optionally to the port number.
[0109] At 329, the MWAB-UPF 307 replaces the source IP address in the outer IP header of the IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU with the MWAB-UE public IP address and set the port number of the UDP header accordingly. The MWAB-UPF 307 sends the IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU after performing the NAT functionality.
[0110] At 331, upon receiving the UL data (i.e., IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU) , the UE-UPF 311 records the source IP address (i.e., the MWAB-UE public IP address) and the port number of the UL data based on the first indication. In an example, the UE-UPF 311 recognizes the UE PDU session based on the target IP address contained in the outer IP header of the IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU and records the corresponding source IP address and the port number from the outer UDP / IP header.
[0111] At 335, upon receiving the DL data, the UE-UPF 311 encapsulates the DL PDU into IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / DL PDU by inserting the MWAB-UE public IP address as the target IP address and the port number into the UDP / IP header of IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / DL PDU. In an example, the UE-UPF 311 identifies the UE PDU session based on the target IP address of the DL data. UE-UPF 311 finds the corresponding the MWAB-UE public IP address and the port number for the UE PDU session. The UE-UPF 311 encapsulates the DL PDU into IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / DL PDU with the MWAB-UE public IP address and the port number. Besides, the UE-UPF 311 also inserts GTP-TEID (provided by the UE-SMF and contained in AN tunnel information) in the GTP-U#2 header of the DL PDU.
[0112] The IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / DL PDU can be routed to the MWAB-UPF 311 based on the MWAB-UE public IP address. The MWAB-UPF 311 translates the MWAB-UE public IP address and the port number into the MWAB-UE private IP address accordingly.
[0113] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method 400 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 400 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 400 may be performed by a core network 106 (e.g., a first AMF) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0114] At 405, the method may include receiving, from a next generation node B (gNB) component of a mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-gNB) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , wherein the MWAB-gNB and a UE component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose a MWAB node. The operations of 405 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 405 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0115] At 410, the method may include transmitting, to a first session management function (SMF) , an identity (ID) of the UE, the PDU session establishment request message, and an indication of MWAB node. The operations of 410 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 410 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0116] In some embodiment, the method may further include receiving, from the MWAB-gNB, the indication of MWAB node together with the PDU session establishment request message.
[0117] In some embodiment, the method may further include receiving, from the MWAB-gNB, the indication of MWAB node when the MWAB-gNB triggers an N2 interface establishment.
[0118] In some embodiment, the first AMF may comprise an AMF that the UE connects to. In some embodiment, the first SMF may comprise an SMF that the UE connects to.
[0119] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method 500 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 500 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 500 may be performed by a core network 106 (e.g., a first SMF) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0120] At 505, the method may include receiving, from a first access and mobility management function (AMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , an identity (ID) of the UE and an indication of mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node. The operations of 505 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 505 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0121] At 510, the method may include transmitting, to a first user plane function (UPF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session, wherein the N4 session is associated with the PDU session. The operations of 510 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 510 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0122] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a core network 106 (e.g., a first UPF) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0123] At 605, the method may include receiving, from a first session management function (SMF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session. The operations of 605 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 605 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0124] In some embodiment, the method may further include recording the source IP address and the port number of the UL packets based on the first indication. In some embodiment, the method may further include generating the DL packet by inserting the source IP address as a target IP address and the port number into the DL packets.
[0125] In some embodiment, the first indication may comprise one of the following: an indication of Backhaul PDU session; an indication of a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) ; an indication of MWAB node; or an indication of network address translation (NAT) .
[0126] In some embodiment, the first SMF may comprise an SMF that the UE connects to . In some embodiment, the first UPF may comprise a UPF that the UE connects to.
[0127] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a core network 106 (e.g., a second SMF) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. In some embodiment, the second SMF may comprise an SMF that the UE component of a MWAB node (MWAB-UE) connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a MWAB-SMF) .
[0128] At 705, the method may include receiving at least one of a S-NSSAI and a DNN requested by a UE component of a MWAB node (MWAB-UE) during a PDU session establishment procedure. The MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node. The operations of 705 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 705 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0129] Alternatively or additionally, the second SMF may receive the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN together with the PDU session establishment request message from a second AMF. In some embodiment, the second AMF may comprise an AMF that the MWAB-UE connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a MWAB-AMF) .
[0130] In addition, the S-NSSAI or the DNN may be authorized by 5GC for a MWAB-UE to perform a MWAB operation.
[0131] At 710, the method may include transmitting a second indication to a second UPF. The second indication indicates the second UPF to provide a public IP address of the MWAB-UE in the case that a NAT functionality is performed by the second UPF for the PDU session. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0132] In some embodiment, the second UPF may comprise a UPF that the MWAB-UE connects (hereinafter may also be referred to as a MWAB-UPF) . Alternatively or additionally, the second indication may further indicate the second UPF to provide a port number for the PDU session together with the public IP address of the MWAB-UE.
[0133] In some embodiment, the method may further include receiving the public IP address of the MWAB-UE, or the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and the port number from the second UPF.
[0134] In some embodiment, the second indication may comprise an indication of Backhaul PDU session, an indication of MWAB-UE, an indication of MWAB node, an indication of requesting public IP address, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0135] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a network entities 102 (e.g., MWAB-gNB) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0136] At 805, the method may include receiving a PDU session resource setup request message from a first SMF. The MWAB-gNB and a UE component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose the MWAB node. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0137] In some embodiment, the MWAB-gNB may further receive the public IP address of the MWAB-UE, or the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and the port number from the MWAB-UE.
[0138] At 810, the method may include transmitting an IP address of the MWAB-UE to the first SMF. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0139] In some embodiment, the MWAB-gNB may further transmit the port number together with the public IP address of the MWAB-UE to the first SMF. In addition, the first SMF may comprise an SMF that the UE connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a UE-SMF) .
[0140] FIG. 9 illustrates another example process 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 900 may involve a UE 901, a MWAB-gNB 902, a MWAB-UE 903, a BH gNB 904, a MWAB-AMF 905, a MWAB-SMF 906, a MWAB-UPF 907, an OAM 908, a UE-AMF 909, a UE-SMF 910 and a UE-UPF 911. It is understood that the process 900 can be considered as a more specific example of the methods 800 and 900 in FIGS. 8 and 9.
[0141] At 912, the MWAB-UE 903 sends a PDU session establishment request together with the UE requested DNN and S-NSSAI (s) to the MWAB-AMF 905. The MWAB-AMF 905 may perform DNN replacement for the UE requested DNN with the selected DNN. It is assumed that the 5GC of backhauling network (i.e., the 5GC for the MWAB-UE 903) is configured with dedicated S-NSSAI (s) / DNN that are applied to the MWAB operation. In this case, the DNN refers to either UE requested DNN or selected DNN.
[0142] At 913, the MWAB-AMF 905 performs SMF selection. At 915, the MWAB-AMF 905 sends Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request to the MWAB-SMF 906, which includes SUPI (i.e., a MWAB-UE ID) , the PDU session establishment request, UE requested DNN, selected DNN and S-NSSAI (s) etc.
[0143] At 917, upon receiving the dedicated S-NSSAI (s) / DNN, the MWAB-SMF 906 determines the PDU session is a BH PDU session of the MWAB-UE 903, which is used for MWAB operation. At 919, upon receiving the dedicated S-NSSAI (s) / DNN, the MWAB-SMF 906 sends an N4 session establishment request including a second indication / indicator to the MWAB-UPF 907, which indicates the MWAB-UPF 907 to provide a MWAB-UE public IP address if NAT functionality is performed. The second indicator can be a BH PDU session indicator, a MWAB-UE indicator, a MWAB indicator, a public IP address needed indication etc.
[0144] At 921, if the NAT functionality is performed for the BH PDU session, the MWAB-UPF 907 provides both the MWAB-UE private IP address and the MWAB-UE public IP address to the MWAB-SMF 906, and the MWAB-UPF 907 may provide the port number optionally to the MWAB-SMF 906.
[0145] At 923, the MWAB-SMF 906 sends a PDU session establishment accept message to the MWAB-UE 903, which includes both the MWAB-UE private IP address and the MWAB-UE public IP address. The PDU session establishment accept message may comprise the port number optionally.
[0146] At 925, the MWAB-UE 903 provides the MWAB-UE public IP address to MWAB-gNB 902. Optionally, the MWAB-UE 903 provides the MWAB-UE public IP address together with the port number to the MWAB-gNB 902. Besides, the MWAB-UE 903 also provide the MWAB-UE private IP address to the MWAB-gNB 902. The MWAB-gNB 902 inserts the MWAB-UE 903 private IP address into the outer IP header of IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU, where GTP-U#2 tunnel is established between the MWAB-gNB 902 and the UE-UPF 911 for the UE PDU session. When the MWAB-UPF 911 receives the UL data in the form of IP / UDP / GTP-U#1 / IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU, it removes the IP / UDP / GTP-U#1 header. The MWAB-UPF 911 translates the MWAB-UE private IP address in the outer IP header of IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / UL PDU into the MWAB-UE public IP address.
[0147] At 927, the UE 901 sends a PDU session establishment request to the UE-SMF 910. At 929, the PDU session establishment procedure are performed. E. g., the UE-SMF 910 sends a PDU Session Resource Setup Request to MWAB-gNB 902 during step 929. At 931, the MWAB-gNB 902 provides AN tunnel information including the MWAB-UE pubic IP address and a GTP-TE ID to UE-SMF 910. Optionally, the MWAB-gNB 902 provides the port number to UE-SMF 910.
[0148] At 933, the MWAB-SMF 910 sends an N4 session modification request to the MWAB-UPF 911, which includes the MWAB-UE pubic IP address and a GTP-TE ID. Optionally, the N4 session modification request includes the port number. At 935, the MWAB-UPF 911 responds with an N4 session modification response.
[0149] In the process 900, the MWAB-gNB 903 provides the MWAB-UE public IP address together with the port number to UE-SMF 910 and UE-SMF 910 forwards it to UE-UPF 911. In this way, UE-UPF 911 is able to insert the MWAB-UE public IP address and the port number into the IP header of the DL packets, which enables the DL packets to be routed to the MWAB-UPF 907. Besides, the MWAB-UPF 907 is able to translate the MWAB-UE public IP address in the outer IP header of the DL packet (which is in the form of IP / UDP / GTP-U#2 / DL PDU) and the port number into the MWAB-UE private IP address.
[0150] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a core network 106 (e.g., a second SMF) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0151] At 1005, the method may include receiving at least one of a S-NSSAI and a DNN requested by a UE component of a MWAB node (MWAB-UE) during a PDU session establishment. The MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A. In some embodiment, the second SMF may comprise an SMF that the MWAB-UE connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a MWAB-SMF) .
[0152] In some embodiment, the second SMF may further receive the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN together with a PDU session establishment request message from a second AMF.
[0153] At 1010, the method may include transmitting a third indication to a first UPF. The third indication indicates the first UPF not to perform a NAT functionality for the PDU session. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A. In some embodiment, the second UPF may comprise a UPF that the MWAB-UE connects to (hereinafter may also be referred to as a MWAB-UPF) .
[0154] Alternatively or additionally, the third indication may comprise an indication of Backhaul PDU session, an indication of MWAB-UE, an indication of MWAB node, an indication that not to perform NAT functionality, or any combination of two or more of the above-mentioned items.
[0155] FIG. 11 illustrates yet another example process 1100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1100 may involve a MWAB-gNB 1101, a MWAB-UE 1102, a BH gNB 1103, a MWAB-AMF 1104, a MWAB-SMF 1105 and a MWAB-UPF 1106. It is understood that the process 1100 can be considered as a more specific example of the methods 1000 in FIG. 10.
[0156] At 1110, the MWAB-UE 1102 sends a PDU session establishment request together with UE requested DNN and S-NSSAI (s) to the MWAB-AMF 1104. The MWAB-AMF 1104 may perform DNN replacement for the UE requested DNN with selected DNN. It is assumed that the 5GC of backhauling network (i.e., the 5GC for the MWAB-UE 1102) is configured with dedicated S-NSSAI (s) / DNN that are applied to MWAB operation. In this case, DNN refers to either UE requested DNN or selected DNN.
[0157] At 1115, the MWAB-AMF 1104 performs the SMF selection. At 1120, the MWAB-AMF 1104 sends the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext request to the MWAB-SMF 1105, which includes the SUPI (i.e., a MWAB-UE ID) , the PDU session establishment request, the UE requested DNN, the selected DNN and S-NSSAI (s) etc.
[0158] At 1125, upon receiving the dedicated S-NSSAI (s) / DNN, the MWAB-SMF 1105 determines the PDU session is a BH PDU session of the MWAB-UE 1102, which is used for MWAB operation. At 1130, the MWAB-SMF 1105 sends an N4 session establishment request including a third indication / indicator to the MWAB-UPF, which indicates the MWAB-UPF not to perform NAT functionality for the BH PDU session. The third indication can be a BH PDU session indication, a MWAB-UE indication, a MWAB indication, a no-NAT indication etc.
[0159] Alternatively, the MWAB-SMF 1105 may select a MWAB-UPF which does not perform the NAT functionality. It is assumed that the MWAB-UPF 1106 informs the MWAB-SMF 1105 whether it will perform the NAT functionality or not during the N4 interface establishment. Additionally, the MWAB-UPF 1106 provides the indication of whether it will perform the NAT functionality or not to network repository function (NRF) . When the MWAB-SMF 1105 asks NRF to discover a MWAB-UPF 1106 which does not perform the NAT functionality. At 1140, other steps of PDU session establishment are performed.
[0160] In this way, the MWAB-UPF 1106 will not perform the NAT functionality for the BH PDU session, i.e., it does not translate the MWAB-UE private IP address into the MWAB-UE public IP address for the UL packets and translate the MWAB-UE public IP address into the MWAB-UE private IP address for the DL packets. Then the NAT issue is solved.
[0161] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a device 1200 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1200 may be an example of a network entity 102 as described herein. The device 1200 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1200 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1202, a memory 1204, a transceiver 1206, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1208. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0162] The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the transceiver 1206, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1202, the memory 1204, the transceiver 1206, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0163] In some implementations, the processor 1202, the memory 1204, the transceiver 1206, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1202 and the memory 1204 coupled with the processor 1202 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1202, instructions stored in the memory 1204) .
[0164] For example, the processor 1202 may support wireless communication at the device 1200 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1202 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a next generation node B (gNB) component of a mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-gNB) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , wherein the MWAB-gNB and a UE component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to a first session management function (SMF) , an identity (ID) of the UE, the PDU session establishment request message, and an indication of MWAB node. The processor 1202 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 400.
[0165] The processor 1202 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1202. The processor 1202 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1204) to cause the device 1200 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0166] The memory 1204 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1202 cause the device 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1202 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1204 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0167] The I / O controller 1208 may manage input and output signals for the device 1200. The I / O controller 1208 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1208 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1208 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1208 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1206. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1200 via the I / O controller 1208 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1208.
[0168] In some implementations, the device 1200 may include a single antenna 1210. However, in some other implementations, the device 1200 may have more than one antenna 1210 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1206 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1210, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1206 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1206 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1210 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1210. The transceiver 1206 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0169] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1210 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0170] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1210 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0171] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a device 1300 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1300 may be an example of a network entity 102 as described herein. The device 1300 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1300 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1302, a memory 1304, a transceiver 1306, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1308. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0172] The processor 1302, the memory 1304, the transceiver 1306, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1302, the memory 1304, the transceiver 1306, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0173] In some implementations, the processor 1302, the memory 1304, the transceiver 1306, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1302 and the memory 1304 coupled with the processor 1302 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1302, instructions stored in the memory 1304) .
[0174] For example, the processor 1302 may support wireless communication at the device 1300 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1302 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first access and mobility management function (AMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , an identity (ID) of the UE and an indication of mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node; and transmitting, to a first user plane function (UPF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session, wherein the N4 session is associated with the PDU session. The processor 1302 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 500.
[0175] The processor 1302 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1302 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1302. The processor 1302 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1304) to cause the device 1300 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0176] The memory 1304 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1302 cause the device 1300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1302 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1304 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0177] The I / O controller 1308 may manage input and output signals for the device 1300. The I / O controller 1308 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1308 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1308 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1308 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1306. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1300 via the I / O controller 1308 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1308.
[0178] In some implementations, the device 1300 may include a single antenna 1310. However, in some other implementations, the device 1300 may have more than one antenna 1310 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1306 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1310, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1306 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1306 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1310 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1310. The transceiver 1306 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0179] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1310 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0180] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1310 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0181] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a device 1400 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1400 may be an example of a network entity 102 as described herein. The device 1400 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1402, a memory 1404, a transceiver 1406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0182] The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the transceiver 1406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the transceiver 1406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0183] In some implementations, the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the transceiver 1406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1402 and the memory 1404 coupled with the processor 1402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1402, instructions stored in the memory 1404) .
[0184] For example, the processor 1402 may support wireless communication at the device 1400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first session management function (SMF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session. The processor 1402 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 600.
[0185] The processor 1402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1402. The processor 1402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1404) to cause the device 1400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0186] The memory 1404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1402 cause the device 1400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0187] The I / O controller 1408 may manage input and output signals for the device 1400. The I / O controller 1408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1406. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1400 via the I / O controller 1408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1408.
[0188] In some implementations, the device 1400 may include a single antenna 1410. However, in some other implementations, the device 1400 may have more than one antenna 1410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1410. The transceiver 1406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0189] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0190] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0191] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a device 1500 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1500 may be an example of a network entity 102 as described herein. The device 1500 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1500 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1502, a memory 1504, a transceiver 1506, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1508. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0192] The processor 1502, the memory 1504, the transceiver 1506, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1502, the memory 1504, the transceiver 1506, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0193] In some implementations, the processor 1502, the memory 1504, the transceiver 1506, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1502 and the memory 1504 coupled with the processor 1502 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1502, instructions stored in the memory 1504) .
[0194] For example, the processor 1502 may support wireless communication at the device 1500 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1502 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving at least one of a single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a data network name (DNN) requested by a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) during a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure, wherein the MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to a second user plane function (UPF) , a second indication that the second UPF to provide a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE in the case that a network address translation (NAT) functionality is performed by the second UPF for the PDU session. The processor 1502 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 700.
[0195] The processor 1502 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1502 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1502. The processor 1502 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1504) to cause the device 1500 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0196] The memory 1504 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1502 cause the device 1500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1502 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1504 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0197] The I / O controller 1508 may manage input and output signals for the device 1500. The I / O controller 1508 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1508 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1508 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1508 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1506. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1500 via the I / O controller 1508 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1508.
[0198] In some implementations, the device 1500 may include a single antenna 1510. However, in some other implementations, the device 1500 may have more than one antenna 1510 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1506 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1510, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1506 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1506 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1510 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1510. The transceiver 1506 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0199] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1510 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0200] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1510 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0201] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a device 1600 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1600 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 1600 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1602, a memory 1604, a transceiver 1606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0202] The processor 1602, the memory 1604, the transceiver 1606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1602, the memory 1604, the transceiver 1606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0203] In some implementations, the processor 1602, the memory 1604, the transceiver 1606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1602 and the memory 1604 coupled with the processor 1602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1602, instructions stored in the memory 1604) .
[0204] For example, the processor 1602 may support wireless communication at the device 1600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first session management function (SMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message, wherein the MWAB-gNB and a user equipment (UE) component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose the MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to the first SMF, a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE. The processor 1602 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 800.
[0205] The processor 1602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1602. The processor 1602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1604) to cause the device 1600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0206] The memory 1604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1602 cause the device 1600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0207] The I / O controller 1608 may manage input and output signals for the device 1600. The I / O controller 1608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1600 via the I / O controller 1608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1608.
[0208] In some implementations, the device 1600 may include a single antenna 1610. However, in some other implementations, the device 1600 may have more than one antenna 1610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1610. The transceiver 1606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0209] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0210] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0211] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a device 1700 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1700 may be an example of a network entity 102 as described herein. The device 1700 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1700 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1702, a memory 1704, a transceiver 1706, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1708. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0212] The processor 1702, the memory 1704, the transceiver 1706, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1702, the memory 1704, the transceiver 1706, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0213] In some implementations, the processor 1702, the memory 1704, the transceiver 1706, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1702 and the memory 1704 coupled with the processor 1702 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1702, instructions stored in the memory 1704) .
[0214] For example, the processor 1702 may support wireless communication at the device 1700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1702 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving at least one of a single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a data network name (DNN) requested by a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) during a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment, wherein the MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to a first user plane function (UPF) , a third indication that the first UPF is not to perform a network address translation (NAT) functionality for the PDU session. The processor 1702 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1000.
[0215] The processor 1702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1702 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1702. The processor 1702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1704) to cause the device 1700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0216] The memory 1704 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1702 cause the device 1700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1702 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1704 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0217] The I / O controller 1708 may manage input and output signals for the device 1700. The I / O controller 1708 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1708 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1708 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1708 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1706. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1700 via the I / O controller 1708 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1708.
[0218] In some implementations, the device 1700 may include a single antenna 1710. However, in some other implementations, the device 1700 may have more than one antenna 1710 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1706 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1710, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1706 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1706 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1710 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1710. The transceiver 1706 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0219] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1710 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0220] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1710 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0221] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a processor 1800 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1800 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1800 may include a controller 1802 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1800 may optionally include at least one memory 1804. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1800 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1800. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0222] The processor 1800 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1800) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0223] The controller 1802 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1800 to cause the processor 1800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1802 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1800, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1800. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0224] The controller 1802 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1804 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1802 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1804. The controller 1802 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1802 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1800 to cause the processor 1800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1802 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1800. The controller 1802 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1800.
[0225] The memory 1804 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1800 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1804 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1800) . In some other implementations, the memory 1804 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1800) .
[0226] The memory 1804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1800, cause the processor 1800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1802 and / or the processor 1800 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1804 to cause the processor 1800 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 1800 and / or the controller 1802 may be coupled with or to the memory 1804, the processor 1800, the controller 1802, and the memory 1804 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1800 may include multiple processors and the memory 1804 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0227] The one or more ALUs 1800 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1800 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1800) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1800 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1800) . One or more ALUs 1800 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1800 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1800 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1800 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1800 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0228] The processor 1800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1802 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a next generation node B (gNB) component of a mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-gNB) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , wherein the MWAB-gNB and a UE component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to a first session management function (SMF) , an identity (ID) of the UE, the PDU session establishment request message, and an indication of MWAB node. The processor 1800 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 400.
[0229] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a processor 1900 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1900 may include a controller 1902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1900 may optionally include at least one memory 1904. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1900. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0230] The processor 1900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0231] The controller 1902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1900 to cause the processor 1900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0232] The controller 1902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1904 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1904. The controller 1902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1900 to cause the processor 1900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1900. The controller 1902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1900.
[0233] The memory 1904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1900) . In some other implementations, the memory 1904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1900) .
[0234] The memory 1904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1900, cause the processor 1900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1902 and / or the processor 1900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1904 to cause the processor 1900 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 1900 and / or the controller 1902 may be coupled with or to the memory 1904, the processor 1900, the controller 1902, and the memory 1904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1900 may include multiple processors and the memory 1904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0235] The one or more ALUs 1900 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1900 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1900) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1900 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1900) . One or more ALUs 1900 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1900 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1900 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1900 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1900 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0236] The processor 1900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1902 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first access and mobility management function (AMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , an identity (ID) of the UE and an indication of mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node; and transmitting, to a first user plane function (UPF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session, wherein the N4 session is associated with the PDU session. The processor 1900 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 500.
[0237] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a processor 2000 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 2000 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2000 may include a controller 2002 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2000 may optionally include at least one memory 2004. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 2000 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 2000. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0238] The processor 2000 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2000) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0239] The controller 2002 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 2000 to cause the processor 2000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 2002 may operate as a control unit of the processor 2000, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 2000. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0240] The controller 2002 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 2004 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 2000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 2002 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 2004. The controller 2002 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 2002 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 2000 to cause the processor 2000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 2002 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 2000. The controller 2002 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 2000.
[0241] The memory 2004 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 2000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 2004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 2000) . In some other implementations, the memory 2004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 2000) .
[0242] The memory 2004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 2000, cause the processor 2000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 2002 and / or the processor 2000 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 2004 to cause the processor 2000 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 2000 and / or the controller 2002 may be coupled with or to the memory 2004, the processor 2000, the controller 2002, and the memory 2004 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 2000 may include multiple processors and the memory 2004 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0243] The one or more ALUs 2000 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 2000 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2000) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 2000 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2000) . One or more ALUs 2000 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 2000 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 2000 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 2000 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 2000 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0244] The processor 2000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 2002 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first session management function (SMF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session. The processor 2000 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 600.
[0245] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a processor 2100 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 2100 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2100 may include a controller 2102 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2100 may optionally include at least one memory 2104. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 2100 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 2100. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0246] The processor 2100 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2100) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0247] The controller 2102 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 2100 to cause the processor 2100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 2102 may operate as a control unit of the processor 2100, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 2100. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0248] The controller 2102 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 2104 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 2100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 2102 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 2104. The controller 2102 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 2102 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 2100 to cause the processor 2100 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 2102 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 2100. The controller 2102 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 2100.
[0249] The memory 2104 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 2100 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 2104 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 2100) . In some other implementations, the memory 2104 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 2100) .
[0250] The memory 2104 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 2100, cause the processor 2100 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 2102 and / or the processor 2100 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 2104 to cause the processor 2100 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 2100 and / or the controller 2102 may be coupled with or to the memory 2104, the processor 2100, the controller 2102, and the memory 2104 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 2100 may include multiple processors and the memory 2104 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0251] The one or more ALUs 2100 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 2100 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2100) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 2100 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2100) . One or more ALUs 2100 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 2100 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 2100 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 2100 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 2100 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0252] The processor 2100 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 2102 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving at least one of a single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a data network name (DNN) requested by a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) during a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure, wherein the MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to a second user plane function (UPF) , a second indication that the second UPF to provide a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE in the case that a network address translation (NAT) functionality is performed by the second UPF for the PDU session. The processor 2100 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1700.
[0253] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a processor 2200 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 2200 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2200 may include a controller 2202 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2200 may optionally include at least one memory 2204. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 2200 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 2200. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0254] The processor 2200 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2200) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0255] The controller 2202 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 2200 to cause the processor 2200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 2202 may operate as a control unit of the processor 2200, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 2200. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0256] The controller 2202 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 2204 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 2200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 2202 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 2204. The controller 2202 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 2202 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 2200 to cause the processor 2200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 2202 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 2200. The controller 2202 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 2200.
[0257] The memory 2204 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 2200 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 2204 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 2200) . In some other implementations, the memory 2204 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 2200) .
[0258] The memory 2204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 2200, cause the processor 2200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 2202 and / or the processor 2200 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 2204 to cause the processor 2200 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 2200 and / or the controller 2202 may be coupled with or to the memory 2204, the processor 2200, the controller 2202, and the memory 2204 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 2200 may include multiple processors and the memory 2204 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0259] The one or more ALUs 2200 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 2200 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2200) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 2200 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2200) . One or more ALUs 2200 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 2200 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 2200 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 2200 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 2200 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0260] The processor 2200 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 2202 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first session management function (SMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message, wherein the MWAB-gNB and a user equipment (UE) component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose the MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to the first SMF, a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE. The processor 2200 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 800.
[0261] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a processor 2300 that supports PDU session establishment in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 2300 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2300 may include a controller 2302 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 2300 may optionally include at least one memory 2304. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 2300 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 2300. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0262] The processor 2300 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2300) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0263] The controller 2302 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 2300 to cause the processor 2300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 2302 may operate as a control unit of the processor 2300, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 2300. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0264] The controller 2302 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 2304 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 2300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 2302 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 2304. The controller 2302 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 2302 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 2300 to cause the processor 2300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 2302 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 2300. The controller 2302 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 2300.
[0265] The memory 2304 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 2300 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 2304 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 2300) . In some other implementations, the memory 2304 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 2300) .
[0266] The memory 2304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 2300, cause the processor 2300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 2302 and / or the processor 2300 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 2304 to cause the processor 2300 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 2300 and / or the controller 2302 may be coupled with or to the memory 2304, the processor 2300, the controller 2302, and the memory 2304 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 2300 may include multiple processors and the memory 2304 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0267] The one or more ALUs 2300 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 2300 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2300) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 2300 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 2300) . One or more ALUs 2300 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 2300 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 2300 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 2300 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 2300 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0268] The processor 2300 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 2302 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving at least one of a single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a data network name (DNN) requested by a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) during a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment, wherein the MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; and a means for transmitting, to a first user plane function (UPF) , a third indication that the first UPF is not to perform a network address translation (NAT) functionality for the PDU session. The processor 2300 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1000.
[0269] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0270] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0271] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0272] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0273] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0274] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.An apparatus for performing a first session management function (SMF) , the apparatus comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the apparatus to:receive, from a first access and mobility management function (AMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request message of a user equipment (UE) , an identity (ID) of the UE and an indication of mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node; andtransmit, to a first user plane function (UPF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session, wherein the N4 session is associated with the PDU session.2.An apparatus for performing a first user plane function (UPF) , the apparatus comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the apparatus to:receive, from a first session management function (SMF) , an N4 session establishment request and a first indication that the first UPF to record a source Internet protocol (IP) address and a port number of an uplink (UL) packet of an N4 session and insert the source IP address and the port number into a downlink (DL) packet of the N4 session.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:record the source IP address and the port number of the UL packets based on the first indication.4.The apparatus of claim 2 or 3, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:generate the DL packet by inserting the source IP address as a target IP address and the port number into the DL packets.5.The apparatus of claim 2 or 3, wherein the first indication comprises one of the following:an indication of Backhaul PDU session;an indication of a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) ;an indication of MWAB node; oran indication of network address translation (NAT) .6.The apparatus of any of claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one of the following:the first SMF comprises an SMF that a UE connects to; orthe first UPF comprises a UPF that a UE connects to.7.An apparatus for performing a second session management function (SMF) , the apparatus comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the apparatus to:receive at least one of a single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) and a data network name (DNN) requested by a user equipment (UE) component of a mobile next generation node B (gNB) with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-UE) during a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure, wherein the MWAB-UE and a gNB component of the MWAB node (MWAB-gNB) are collocated to compose a MWAB node; andtransmit, to a second user plane function (UPF) , a second indication that the second UPF to provide a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE in the case that a network address translation (NAT) functionality is performed by the second UPF for the PDU session.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second indication further indicates the second UPF to provide a port number for the PDU session together with the public IP address of the MWAB-UE.9.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus is caused to receive the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN by:receiving, from a second access and mobility management function (AMF) , the at least one of the S-NSSAI and the DNN together with the PDU session establishment request message.10.The apparatus of any of claims 7-9, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:receive, from the second UPF, one of: (1) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE or (2) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and the port number.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:transmit, to the MWAB-UE, one of: (1) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE or (2) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and the port number.12.The apparatus of any of claims 7-9, wherein the second indication comprises one of the following:an indication of Backhaul PDU session;an indication of MWAB-UE;an indication of MWAB node; oran indication of requesting public IP address.13.The apparatus of any of claims 7-9, wherein the S-NSSAI or the DNN are authorized by 5th generation cellular network core (5GC) for a MWAB-UE to perform a MWAB operation.14.The apparatus of any of claims 7-9, wherein at least one of the following:the second SMF comprises an SMF that the MWAB-UE connects to;the second AMF comprises an AMF that the MWAB-UE connects to; orthe second UPF comprises a UPF that the MWAB-UE connects to.15.An apparatus for a next generation node B (gNB) component of a mobile gNB with wireless access backhauling (MWAB) node (MWAB-gNB) , the apparatus comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the apparatus to:receive, from a first session management function (SMF) , a protocol data unit (PDU) session resource setup request message, wherein the MWAB-gNB and a user equipment (UE) component of the MWAB node (MWAB-UE) are collocated to compose the MWAB node; andtransmit, to the first SMF, a public Internet protocol (IP) address of the MWAB-UE.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:receive, from the MWAB-UE, one of: (1) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE or (2) the public IP address of the MWAB-UE and a port number.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:transmit, to the first SMF, the port number together with the public IP address of the MWAB-UE.18.The apparatus of any of claims 15-17, wherein the first SMF comprises an SMF that the UE connects to.
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