Machine learning-based mobility control method and apparatus

Abstract

A machine learning-based mobility control method and apparatus are disclosed. The method of a user equipment (UE) comprises the steps of: receiving first artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML)-mobility configuration information for mobility control from a first communication node; checking, on the basis of the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information, a first prediction time when the UE leaves a first service area of the first communication node; determining whether the UE leaves the first service area of the first communication node at the first prediction time; checking, on the basis of the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information, a second prediction time when the UE enters a second service area of a second communication node; and performing a mobility procedure with the second communication node on the basis of the second prediction time.

Description

Method and device for machine learning-based mobility control

[0001] The present disclosure relates to mobility control technology, and more particularly, to technology for machine learning-based mobility control in a communication network.

[0002] Mobile wireless networks, which are infrastructure networks for the 4th Industrial Revolution, can support various types of wireless access points (e.g., transmission and reception points (TRPs), remote radio headers (RRHs), relays, repeaters, etc.), communication nodes with function split, mobile services using satellites (e.g., non-terrestrial networks (NTNs)), radio resource management based on RAN (radio access network) slicing, multiple connection functions between small cells and macro cells, multiple connection functions between different radio access technologies (RATs), various types of terminals (e.g., wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices), and / or various types of services (e.g., autonomous driving services, IoT services) to process explosive growth in wireless data.

[0003] Meanwhile, the chat GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) can be applied across all industries. Machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence)-based functions can be applied to communication networks. Machine learning-based functions can be applied to support connection control and mobility functions for various types of terminals and / or communication nodes with functional separation. In this case, specific methods for machine learning-based connection control and / or machine learning-based mobility control are needed.

[0004] The purpose of the present disclosure to solve the above problems is to provide a method and device for machine learning-based mobility control in a communication network.

[0005] According to embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the above object, a method of a UE (user equipment) includes the steps of: receiving first AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning)-mobility configuration information for mobility control from a first communication node; confirming a first predicted time at which the UE leaves a first service area of ​​the first communication node based on the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information; determining whether the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node at the first predicted time; confirming a second predicted time at which the UE enters a second service area of ​​a second communication node based on the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information; and performing a mobility procedure with the second communication node based on the second predicted time.

[0006] The first AI / ML-mobility setting information may include at least one of information about a time when the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node, information about a time when the UE enters the second service area of ​​the second communication node, an event condition set for the mobility control, a geographical location set for the mobility control, or location information of an adjacent communication node.

[0007] When the UE is in an RRC (radio resource control) connection state with the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information can be received via a dedicated control message of the first communication node.

[0008] When the UE is in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state with respect to the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information may be received through system information of the first communication node or a UE state transition control message.

[0009] During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the cell search procedure of the UE may be deactivated.

[0010] During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the operating state of the UE may be an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state.

[0011] When the UE enters the second service area, the mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node can be performed without exchanging a control message for supporting the mobility procedure between the UE and the first communication node.

[0012] The mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node may be performed before or at the second predicted time.

[0013] The method of the UE may further include a step of receiving, from the first communication node, radio resource configuration information allocated by the second communication node, wherein the radio resource configuration information may be used for transmission and reception of at least one of downlink scheduling information or timing information of the second communication node.

[0014] When the mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node is completed, the method may further include receiving second AI / ML-mobility setting information for mobility control from the second communication node.

[0015] The method may further include: updating AI / ML-mobility parameters based on the second AI / ML-mobility setting information; and transmitting AI / ML-mobility reporting information including the updated AI / ML-mobility parameters to the second communication node.

[0016] The above mobility procedure may be a cell switching procedure, a beam switching procedure, an access procedure, a cell selection procedure, a cell reselection procedure, or a handover procedure, and each of the first communication node and the second communication node may be a base station, a cell, or a transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0017] According to embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the above object, a user equipment (UE) includes at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor causes the UE to receive first AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning)-mobility configuration information for mobility control from a first communication node; to determine a first predicted time at which the UE leaves a first service area of ​​the first communication node based on the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information; to determine whether the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node at the first predicted time; to determine a second predicted time at which the UE enters a second service area of ​​a second communication node based on the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information; and to perform a mobility procedure with the second communication node based on the second predicted time.

[0018] The first AI / ML-mobility setting information may include at least one of information about a time when the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node, information about a time when the UE enters the second service area of ​​the second communication node, an event condition set for the mobility control, a geographical location set for the mobility control, or location information of an adjacent communication node.

[0019] When the UE is in an RRC (radio resource control) connection state with the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information can be received via a dedicated control message of the first communication node.

[0020] When the UE is in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state with respect to the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information may be received through system information of the first communication node or a UE state transition control message.

[0021] During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the cell search procedure of the UE may be deactivated.

[0022] During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the operating state of the UE may be an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state.

[0023] When the UE enters the second service area, the mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node can be performed without exchanging a control message for supporting the mobility procedure between the UE and the first communication node.

[0024] The at least one processor may further cause the UE to receive, from the first communication node, radio resource configuration information allocated by the second communication node, wherein the radio resource configuration information may be used for transmission and reception of at least one of downlink scheduling information or timing information of the second communication node.

[0025] According to the present disclosure, in a communication network composed of various communication nodes (e.g., satellites, aerial vehicles, etc.), a machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence)-based mobility control / management function can be introduced by considering the status of a mobile device (e.g., a wireless terminal mounted on a mobile device) and / or a terminal in an access link between a terminal and a communication node. The mobile device may include an unmanned aerial vehicle, a train, a ship, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle using navigation, etc. Based on the machine learning-based mobility control / management function, beam management procedures, communication node setup / release / change procedures, etc. can be efficiently performed. Accordingly, the performance of a communication service can be improved. The performance of the communication service can be maintained during the execution of a mobility procedure. In other words, the degradation of the performance of the communication service during the execution of a mobility procedure can be mitigated.

[0026] Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a communication network.

[0027] Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of the device.

[0028] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of the operating states of terminals in a communication network.

[0029] Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for setting a bandwidth portion in a communication network.

[0030] Figure 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a communication network.

[0031] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for providing a service using multiple wireless access points in a communication network.

[0032] Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c are conceptual diagrams illustrating the configuration of a base station that provides communication services to a terminal.

[0033] Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of service provision and mobility function support in air nodes and ground nodes.

[0034] FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a mobility control operation according to changes in wireless channel quality in the movement path of the terminal (804-1) of FIG. 8.

[0035] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a mobility control operation according to changes in wireless channel quality in the movement path of the terminal (804-2) of FIG. 8.

[0036] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating a mobility control procedure.

[0037] This disclosure may be subject to various modifications and various embodiments. Specific embodiments are illustrated and described in detail in the drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the disclosure to specific embodiments, but rather to encompass all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and technical scope of the disclosure.

[0038] While terms such as "first" and "second" may be used to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a first component could be referred to as a "second component," and similarly, a second component could also be referred to as a "first component." The term "and / or" encompasses any combination of multiple related items or any one of multiple related items.

[0039] In embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.” Furthermore, in embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.” A and / or B may mean at least one of A or B. A / B may mean at least one of A or B.

[0040] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but that there may be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0041] The terminology used in this disclosure is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "comprises" or "has" indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

[0043] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. In order to facilitate an overall understanding in describing the present disclosure, identical reference numerals will be used for identical components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of identical components will be omitted.

[0044] A communication network to which embodiments according to the present disclosure are applied will be described. The communication network may be a 4G communication network (e.g., a long-term evolution (LTE) communication network, LTE-A communication network), a 5G communication network (e.g., a new radio (NR) communication network), a 6G communication network, etc. The 4G communication network can support communication in a frequency band of 6 GHz or less, and the 5G communication network can support communication in a frequency band of 6 GHz or more as well as a frequency band of 6 GHz or less. The communication network to which embodiments according to the present disclosure are applied is not limited to the contents described below, and the embodiments according to the present disclosure can be applied to various communication networks. Here, the communication network may be used with the same meaning as a communication system and / or a wireless access system. In the communication network, "LTE" may indicate a "4G communication network," an "LTE communication network," or an "LTE-A communication network," and "NR" may indicate a "5G communication network" or an "NR communication network."

[0045] In an embodiment, "an operation (e.g., a transmission operation) is set" may mean that "setting information for the operation (e.g., an information element, a parameter)" and / or "information instructing performance of the operation" are signaled. "An information element (e.g., a parameter) is set" may mean that the information element is signaled. The signaling may be at least one of system information (SI) signaling (e.g., transmission of a system information block (SIB) and / or a master information block (MIB)), radio resource control (RRC) signaling (e.g., transmission of RRC parameters and / or upper layer parameters), medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) signaling, or PHY signaling (e.g., transmission of downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), and / or sidelink control information (SCI)).

[0046] Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a communication network.

[0047] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication network (100) may include a plurality of communication nodes (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6). In addition, the communication network (100) may further include a core network (e.g., a serving-gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN)-gateway (P-GW), a mobility management entity (MME)). When the communication network (100) is a 5G communication network (e.g., a new radio (NR) network), the core network may include an access and mobility management function (AMF), a user plane function (UPF), a session management function (SMF), etc. The communication network (100) may refer to a wireless access network.

[0048] A plurality of communication nodes (110 to 130) can support a communication protocol (e.g., LTE communication protocol, LTE-A communication protocol, NR communication protocol, etc.) specified in the 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) standard. The plurality of communication nodes (110 to 130) may support CDMA (code division multiple access) technology, WCDMA (wideband CDMA) technology, TDMA (time division multiple access) technology, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) technology, OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology, Filtered OFDM technology, CP (cyclic prefix)-OFDM technology, DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM) technology, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) technology, SC (single carrier)-FDMA technology, NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access) technology, GFDM (generalized frequency division multiplexing) technology, FBMC (filter bank multi-carrier) technology, UFMC (universal filtered multi-carrier) technology, SDMA (space division multiple access) technology, etc. Each of the plurality of communication nodes may mean an apparatus or a device. The embodiments may be performed by a device or apparatus. The structure of the apparatus (e.g., device) may be as follows.

[0049] Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of the device.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 2, the device (200) may include at least one processor (210), a memory (220), and a transmission / reception device (230) that is connected to a network and performs communication. In addition, the device (200) may further include an input interface device (240), an output interface device (250), a storage device (260), etc. Each component included in the device (200) may be connected by a bus (270) and communicate with each other.

[0051] The processor (210) can execute program commands stored in at least one of the memory (220) and the storage device (260). The processor (210) may refer to a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor in which the methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure are performed. Each of the memory (220) and the storage device (260) may be configured with at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory (220) may be configured with at least one of a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).

[0052] Referring back to FIG. 1, the communication network (100) may include a plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) and a plurality of terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6). Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) may form a macro cell. Each of the fourth base station (120-1) and the fifth base station (120-2) may form a small cell. The fourth base station (120-1), the third terminal (130-3), and the fourth terminal (130-4) may be within the cell coverage of the first base station (110-1). The second terminal (130-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), and the fifth terminal (130-5) may be within the cell coverage of the second base station (110-2). The fifth base station (120-2), the fourth terminal (130-4), the fifth terminal (130-5), and the sixth terminal (130-6) may be within the cell coverage of the third base station (110-3). The first terminal (130-1) may be within the cell coverage of the fourth base station (120-1). The sixth terminal (130-6) may be within the cell coverage of the fifth base station (120-2).

[0053] Here, each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may be referred to as a NodeB (NB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a gNB, an advanced base station (ABS), a high reliability-base station (HR-BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, an access point, an access node, a radio access station (RAS), a mobile multihop relay-base station (MMR-BS), a relay station (RS), an advanced relay station (ARS), a high reliability-relay station (HR-RS), a home NodeB (HNB), a home eNodeB (HeNB), a road side unit (RSU), a radio remote head (RRH), a transmission point (TP), a transmission and reception point (TRP), etc.

[0054] Each of the plurality of terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) may be referred to as a user equipment (UE), terminal equipment (TE), advanced mobile station (AMS), high reliability-mobile station (HR-MS), terminal, access terminal, mobile terminal, station, subscriber station, mobile station, portable subscriber station, node, device, on board unit (OBU), etc.

[0055] Meanwhile, each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may operate in a different frequency band or may operate in the same frequency band. Each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may be connected to each other via an ideal backhaul link or a non-ideal backhaul link, and may exchange information with each other via the ideal backhaul link or the non-ideal backhaul link. Each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may be connected to the core network via the ideal backhaul link or the non-ideal backhaul link. Each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can transmit a signal received from the core network to the corresponding terminal (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) and can transmit a signal received from the corresponding terminal (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) to the core network. Each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can be installed in a satellite, an airborne vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a train, a ship, an automobile, a building on the ground, a streetlight, a traffic light, a signboard, a dedicated installation facility for a communication node, etc.

[0056] Additionally, each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) may support MIMO transmission (e.g., single user (SU)-MIMO, multi user (MU)-MIMO, massive MIMO, etc.), coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission, carrier aggregation (CA) transmission, transmission in an unlicensed band, device to device communication (D2D) (or, proximity services (ProSe)), Internet of Things (IoT) communication, dual connectivity (DC), etc. Here, each of the plurality of terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) can perform an operation corresponding to the base station (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) and an operation supported by the base station (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2). For example, the second base station (110-2) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) based on the SU-MIMO scheme, and the fourth terminal (130-4) can receive a signal from the second base station (110-2) by the SU-MIMO scheme. Alternatively, the second base station (110-2) can transmit signals to the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) based on the MU-MIMO method, and each of the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) can receive signals from the second base station (110-2) based on the MU-MIMO method.

[0057] Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) based on the CoMP scheme, and the fourth terminal (130-4) can receive a signal from the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) based on the CoMP scheme. Each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can transmit and receive a signal with terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) within its cell coverage based on the CA scheme. Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) can control D2D between the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5), and each of the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) can perform D2D under the control of the second base station (110-2) and the third base station (110-3).

[0058] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of the operating states of terminals in a communication network.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 3, the state (e.g., operating state) of a terminal in the RRC layer of a communication network can be classified into an RRC connected state, an RRC inactive state, and an RRC idle state. When a terminal operates in an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state, a base station of a radio access network (RAN) and the terminal can store and / or manage at least one of RRC connection configuration information, RRC context information, or AS (access stratum) context information of the terminal.

[0060] A terminal in an RRC connection state can receive allocation information of a physical layer control channel and / or a reference signal required for maintaining an RRC connection establishment and / or transmitting and receiving packets. The reference signal may be a reference signal for demodulating data, a reference signal for measuring channel quality, and / or a reference signal for beamforming. A terminal in an RRC connection state can transmit and receive packets without a separate delay. In the present disclosure, a packet may mean data, a data unit, and / or information.

[0061] A terminal in an RRC inactive state can perform mobility management functions corresponding to an RRC idle state. A terminal in an RRC inactive state is connected to a base station, but a data bearer for transmitting and receiving packets may not be established in the terminal in an RRC inactive state, and functions such as a MAC layer may be deactivated in the terminal in an RRC inactive state. A terminal in an RRC inactive state can transition to an RRC connected state by performing a non-initial connection procedure to transmit data. Alternatively, a terminal in an RRC inactive state can transmit restricted data allowed in the RRC inactive state. The restricted data may be data having a restricted size, data having a restricted quality of service, and / or data belonging to a restricted type of service.

[0062] From the perspective of a wireless access network, a connection established between a terminal in an RRC idle state and a base station may not exist. Connection setup information and / or context information (e.g., RRC context information, AS context information) for a terminal in an RRC idle state may not be stored in a base station and / or a control function block of the wireless access network. A terminal in an RRC idle state may perform an initial access procedure to transition to an RRC connected state. Although a terminal in an RRC idle state attempts to transition to an RRC connected state by performing an initial access procedure, the state of the terminal may transition from an RRC idle state to an RRC inactive state depending on a decision of the base station.

[0063] A terminal in the RRC Idle state can transition to the RRC Inactive state by performing an initial connection procedure or a separate connection procedure defined for transitioning to the RRC Inactive state. If the terminal is provided with limited services, the operating state of the terminal can transition from the RRC Idle state to the RRC Inactive state. Alternatively, depending on the terminal's capabilities, the operating state of the terminal can transition from the RRC Idle state to the RRC Inactive state.

[0064] The control function block of the base station and / or the wireless access network can set condition(s) for transition to the RRC inactive state by considering one or more of the terminal type, capability, and service (e.g., service currently being provided, service to be provided), and can control the transition operation to the RRC inactive state based on the set condition(s). "If the base station allows the transition operation to the RRC inactive state" or "if the transition to the RRC inactive state is set to be possible", the operation state of the terminal can be transitioned from the RRC connected state or the RRC idle state to the RRC inactive state.

[0065] Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for setting a bandwidth part (BWP) in a communication network.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 4, multiple bandwidth portions (BWPs #1-4) can be configured within the system bandwidth of the base station. The multiple bandwidth portions can be configured for transmission and / or reception operations of a terminal. BWPs #1-4 can be configured to be no larger than the system bandwidth of the base station. The bandwidths of BWPs #1-4 can be different, and different subcarrier spacings (SCS) can be applied to BWPs #1-4. For example, the bandwidth of BWP #1 can be 10 MHz, and BWP #1 can have an SCS of 15 kHz. The bandwidth of BWP #2 can be 40 MHz, and BWP #2 can have an SCS of 15 kHz. The bandwidth of BWP #3 can be 10 MHz, and BWP #3 can have an SCS of 30 kHz. The bandwidth of BWP #4 can be 20 MHz, and BWP #4 can have an SCS of 60 kHz.

[0067] BWPs can be classified into an initial BWP (e.g., the first BWP), an active BWP (e.g., the active BWP), and a default BWP. A terminal can perform an initial connection procedure (e.g., an access procedure) with a base station in the initial BWP. One or more BWPs can be established by an RRC connection establishment message, and one of the one or more BWPs can be established as the active BWP. Each of the terminal and the base station can transmit and receive packets in the active BWP among the established BWPs. Therefore, the terminal can perform monitoring operations of a control channel for packet transmission and reception in the active BWP.

[0068] A terminal can change an operating BWP from an initial BWP to an active BWP or a default BWP. Alternatively, the terminal can change the operating BWP from an active BWP to an initial BWP or a default BWP. The BWP change operation can be performed based on an instruction or a timer from a base station. The base station can transmit information indicating a BWP change to the terminal using at least one of an RRC message, a MAC message (e.g., a MAC control element (CE)), or a PHY message (e.g., a DCI). The terminal can receive information indicating a BWP change from the base station and change the operating BWP to a BWP indicated by the received information.

[0069] In an NR communication network, if no random access (RA) resource is set in an active UL (uplink) BWP, the terminal may change its operating BWP from the active UL BWP to an initial UL BWP to perform a random access procedure. The operating BWP may be a BWP in which the terminal performs communication (e.g., transmitting and receiving signals and / or channels).

[0070] Figure 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a communication network.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 5, a communication network may include a core network and an access network. A core network supporting 4G communication may include an MME, a GW (e.g., an S-GW, a P-GW), etc. Functional blocks supporting the GW and the MME may be represented by a GW / MME (540). A core network supporting 5G communication may include an AMF, a UPF, a PDN-GW, etc. Functional blocks supporting the UPF and the AMF may be represented by a UPF / AMF (540). An access network may include a base station (510), a wireless access point (520), a small base station (530), terminals (550-1, 550-2, 550-3), etc. The base station (510) may refer to a macro base station. The base station (510) and / or the small base station (530) may be connected to a node (e.g., an end node) of a core network via a backhaul. Nodes of the core network (e.g., end nodes) can be GWs, UPFs, MMEs, AMFs, etc.

[0072] Functional separation can be applied to a base station (510) and a small base station (530). In this case, each of the base station (510) and the small base station (530) can include one central unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). The CU can be a logical node that performs functions of the RRC layer, the service data application protocol (SDAP) layer, and / or the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. The CU can control the operation of one or more DUs. The CU can be connected to an end node of the core network using a backhaul based on an S1 interface or a backhaul based on an NG interface. The backhaul based on an S1 interface can refer to a backhaul in a 4G communication network. The backhaul based on an NG interface can refer to a backhaul in a 5G communication network.

[0073] A DU may be a logical node that performs functions of the radio link control (RLC) layer, the MAC layer, and / or the PDCP layer. A DU may support one or more cells. A DU may be connected to a CU in a wired or wireless manner using the F1 interface. If a wireless manner is used, the connection between the DU and the CU may be established in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) manner.

[0074] Each of the base station (510) and the small base station (530) can be connected to the wireless access point (520) in a wired or wireless manner using an Fx interface (or fronthaul). In the present disclosure, a base station (e.g., a macro base station, a small base station) can mean a cell, a DU, etc. The wireless access point can mean a transmission and reception point (TRP), a remote radio head (RRH), a relay, or a repeater. The TRP can perform at least one of a downlink transmission function and an uplink reception function. The wireless access point (520) can only perform an RF (radio frequency) function.

[0075] Alternatively, the wireless access point (520) may perform RF functions and some functions of the DU (e.g., some functions of the PHY (physical) layer and / or the MAC layer). Some functions of the DU supported by the wireless access point (520) may include sub-functions of the PHY layer, functions of the PHY layer, and / or sub-functions of the MAC layer. The Fx interface between the base station (510, 530) and the wireless access point (520) may be defined differently depending on the function(s) supported by the wireless access point (520).

[0076] Each of the "wireless access point (520) of FIG. 5" and the "base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 510, 530) of FIGS. 1 and 5" can support downlink communication and / or uplink communication based on OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, or NOMA. Each of the wireless access point (520) and the base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 510, 530) can support a beamforming function using an antenna array on a transmission carrier of a millimeter wave band. In this case, a service through each beam can be provided without interference between beams within the base station. One beam can provide a service to multiple terminals.

[0077] Each of the wireless access point (520) and the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 510, 530) may support MIMO transmission (e.g., single user (SU)-MIMO, multi user (MU)-MIMO, massive MIMO, etc.), coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission, carrier aggregation (CA) transmission, transmission in an unlicensed band, device to device communication (D2D) (or, proximity services (ProSe), sidelink communication), etc. Here, each of the plurality of terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6, 550-1, 550-2, 550-3) can perform "an operation corresponding to the wireless access point (520) and / or the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 510, 530)" and / or "an operation supported by the wireless access point (520) and / or the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2, 510, 530)". For example, the second base station (110-2) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) based on the SU-MIMO scheme, and the fourth terminal (130-4) can receive a signal from the second base station (110-2) based on the SU-MIMO scheme. Alternatively, the second base station (110-2) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) based on the MU-MIMO scheme, and each of the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) can receive a signal from the second base station (110-2) based on the MU-MIMO scheme.

[0078] Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) can transmit a signal to the fourth terminal (130-4) based on the CoMP scheme, and the fourth terminal (130-4) can receive a signal from the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) based on the CoMP scheme. Each of the plurality of base stations (110-1, 110-2, 110-3, 120-1, 120-2) can transmit and receive a signal with terminals (130-1, 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-5, 130-6) within its cell coverage based on the CA scheme. Each of the first base station (110-1), the second base station (110-2), and the third base station (110-3) can coordinate D2D between the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5), and each of the fourth terminal (130-4) and the fifth terminal (130-5) can perform D2D through coordination by each of the second base station (110-2) and the third base station (110-3).

[0079] Next, the operating methods of communication nodes in a communication network will be described. Even if a method (e.g., signal transmission or reception) performed by a first communication node among communication nodes is described, a corresponding second communication node can perform a method (e.g., signal reception or transmission) corresponding to the method performed by the first communication node. In other words, if the operation of a terminal is described, a corresponding base station can perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the terminal. If the operation of a base station is described, a corresponding terminal can perform an operation corresponding to the operation of the base station.

[0080] In a communication network, a GW (e.g., S-GW) may refer to a terminal node of a core network that exchanges packets (e.g., control information, data) with a base station that provides services to a terminal. In a communication network, an MME may refer to a node (e.g., entity) of a core network that performs a control function in a wireless access section (or interface) of a terminal. A backhaul link, a fronthaul link, an xHaul link, a DU, a CU, a BBU block, an S-GW, an MME, an AMF, and an UPF may each be referred to by different terms depending on the function of a communication protocol according to a radio access technology (RAT) or the configuration function of a core network.

[0081] In order to perform mobility support functions and radio resource management functions, a base station may transmit synchronization signals (e.g., synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks, synchronization signal blocks (SSBs)) and / or reference signals. In order to support multiple numerologies, a frame format supporting symbols with different lengths may be configured. In this case, a terminal may perform a monitoring operation of synchronization signals and / or reference signals in frames according to the initial numerology, the default numerology, or the default symbol length. The initial numerology and the default numerology may each be applied to a frame format applied to a radio resource for which a UE-common search space is configured, a frame format applied to a radio resource for which a control resource set (CORESET) 0 of an NR communication network is configured, and / or a frame format applied to a radio resource for which a synchronization symbol burst capable of identifying a cell in an NR communication network is transmitted.

[0082] A frame format may refer to information (e.g., values ​​of configuration parameters, offset, index, identifier, range, period, interval, duration) for subcarrier spacing, control channels (e.g., CORESET), symbols, slots, and / or reference signals in a radio frame (or subframe). A base station may inform a terminal of the frame format using system information and / or control messages (e.g., dedicated control messages).

[0083] A terminal connected to a base station can transmit a reference signal (e.g., an uplink-only reference signal) to the base station using resources configured by the base station. For example, the uplink-only reference signal may include a sounding reference signal (SRS). In addition, a terminal connected to a base station can receive a reference signal (e.g., a downlink-only reference signal) from the base station using resources configured by the base station. The downlink-only reference signal may be a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a phase tracking-reference signal (PT-RS), a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS), etc. Each of the base station and the terminal can perform a beam management operation through monitoring a configured beam or an active beam based on the reference signal.

[0084] For example, the base station (510) may transmit a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal so that a terminal located within a communication service area can search for the base station (510) and perform a downlink synchronization maintenance operation, a beam setting operation, or a link monitoring operation. A terminal (550-1) connected to the base station (510) (e.g., a serving base station) may receive physical layer radio resource setting information for connection establishment and radio resource management from the base station (510).

[0085] The radio resource configuration information of the physical layer may be configuration parameters included in an RRC control message in an LTE communication network and / or an NR communication network. For example, the radio resource configuration information may include PhysicalConfigDedicated, PhysicalCellGroupConfig, PDCCH-Config(Common), PDSCH-Config(Common), PDCCH-ConfigSIB1, ConfigCommon, PUCCH-Config(Common), PUSCH-Config(Common), BWP-DownlinkCommon, BWP-UplinkCommon, ControlResourceSet, RACH-ConfigCommon, RACH-ConfigDedicated, RadioResourceConfigCommon, RadioResourceConfigDedicated, ServingCellConfig, ServingCellConfigCommon, etc.

[0086] The wireless resource configuration information may include parameter values ​​such as a configuration period (or allocation period) of a signal (or wireless resource) according to a frame format of a base station (or transmission frequency), time resource allocation information for transmission, frequency resource allocation information for transmission, transmission timing (or allocation timing), etc. In order to support multiple numerologies, the frame format of the base station (or transmission frequency) may mean a frame format having different symbol lengths according to multiple subcarrier intervals within one wireless frame. For example, the number of symbols constituting each of a mini-slot, a slot, and a subframe within one wireless frame (e.g., a frame having a length of 10 ms) may be different.

[0087] ● Setting information for the base station's transmission frequency and frame format

[0088] ■ Setting information of transmission frequency: All transmission carriers of the base station (e.g., transmission frequency per cell), bandwidth portion (BWP), transmission reference time or time difference information between transmission frequencies of the base station (e.g., transmission period or offset parameter indicating transmission reference time (or time difference) of synchronization signal), etc.

[0089] ■ Frame format configuration information: Configuration parameters for mini-slots, slots, and subframes with different symbol lengths depending on the subcarrier spacing.

[0090] ● Configuration information for downlink reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, common RS, etc.)

[0091] ■ The configuration information of the common RS is the configuration parameters such as the transmission period, transmission location, code sequence, and masking sequence (or scrambling sequence) of the reference signal that is commonly applied in the coverage of the base station (or beam).

[0092] ● Uplink control signal setting information

[0093] ■ Reference signal for uplink beam sweeping (or beam monitoring), radio resources (or preamble) for uplink grant-free, etc.

[0094] ● Configuration information for downlink control channels (e.g., PDCCH (physical downlink control channel))

[0095] ■ Reference signal for demodulation, beam common reference signal (e.g., reference signal that can be received by all terminals within beam coverage), reference signal for beam sweeping (or beam monitoring), reference signal for channel estimation, etc.

[0096] ● Configuration information for uplink control channels (e.g., PUCCH (physical uplink control channel))

[0097] ● Setting information for scheduling request signal

[0098] ● Configuration information for feedback (e.g., ACK (acknowledgement) or NACK (negative ACK)) transmission resources in the HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) procedure

[0099] ● Number of antenna ports, information about antenna array, beam configuration and / or beam index mapping information for beamforming application

[0100] ● Configuration information for downlink signals and / or uplink signals (or uplink access channel resources) for beam sweeping (or beam monitoring)

[0101] ● Configuration information such as beam setup operation, beam recovery operation, beam reconfiguration operation, radio link re-establishment operation, beam change operation at the same base station, received signal of beam that triggers handover procedure to another base station, control timer of the above-described operations, etc.

[0102] In a wireless frame format that supports different symbol lengths to support multiple numerals, the setting period (or allocation period), time resource allocation information, frequency resource allocation information, transmission time, and / or allocation time of the parameters constituting the above-described information may be information set according to the corresponding symbol length (or subcarrier spacing).

[0103] In the present disclosure, "Resource-Config information" may be a control message including one or more parameters among the radio resource configuration information of the physical layer. In addition, "Resource-Config information" may mean an attribute and / or a setting value (or a range) of an information element (or parameter) conveyed by the control message. The information element (or parameter) conveyed by the control message may be radio resource configuration information commonly applied throughout the coverage of a base station (or beam) or radio resource configuration information dedicatedly allocated to a specific terminal (or a specific terminal group). A terminal group may include one or more terminals.

[0104] The configuration information included in the "Resource-Config Information" may be transmitted through a single control message or different control messages depending on the properties of the configuration information. The beam index information may not clearly distinguish between the index of the transmitting beam and the index of the receiving beam. For example, the beam index information may be expressed using an index (or identifier) ​​of a reference signal or a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for beam management that is mapped or associated with the beam index.

[0105] Accordingly, a terminal operating in an RRC connection state can receive a communication service through a beam (e.g., beam pair) set between the terminal and the base station. For example, when a communication service is provided using a beam set between the base station and the terminal (e.g., beam pairing), the terminal can perform a search operation or a monitoring operation of a wireless channel using a synchronization signal (e.g., SS / PBCH block) and / or a reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) of the set beam with the base station and a receivable beam. Here, "a communication service being provided through a beam" may mean "a packet being transmitted and received through an activated beam among one or more configured beams." In an NR communication network, "a beam being activated" may mean "a configured TCI state being activated."

[0106] A terminal may operate in an RRC idle state or an RRC inactive state. In this case, the terminal may perform a downlink channel discovery operation (e.g., a monitoring operation) using parameter(s) obtained from system information or common Resource-Config information. In addition, a terminal operating in an RRC idle state or an RRC inactive state may attempt to establish a connection using an uplink channel (e.g., a random access channel or a physical layer uplink control channel). Alternatively, the terminal may transmit control information using the uplink channel.

[0107] A terminal can detect or detect a problem in a radio link by performing RLM (radio link monitoring) operations. Here, "the detection of a problem in the radio link" may mean "an abnormality in establishing or maintaining physical layer synchronization for the radio link." For example, "the detection of a problem in the radio link" may mean "the detection of a mismatch in physical layer synchronization between the base station and the terminal for a preset period of time." If a problem in the radio link is detected, the terminal can perform a radio link recovery operation. If the radio link is not recovered, the terminal can declare a radio link failure (RLF) and perform a radio link re-establishment procedure.

[0108] The procedure for detecting a physical layer problem of a wireless link according to RLM operation, the procedure for recovering a wireless link, the procedure for detecting (or declaring) a failure of a wireless link, and the procedure for re-establishing a wireless link may be performed by functions of layer 1 (e.g., physical layer), layer 2 (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, etc.) and / or layer 3 (e.g., RRC layer) of a wireless protocol configuring a wireless link.

[0109] The physical layer of a terminal can monitor a radio link by receiving a downlink synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an SS / PBCH block, SSB) and / or a reference signal. The synchronization signal can be interpreted or used as a reference signal. In this case, the reference signal can be a base station common reference signal, a beam common reference signal, or a terminal (or terminal group) specific reference signal (e.g., a dedicated reference signal assigned to a terminal (or terminal group)). Here, the common reference signal can be used for a channel estimation operation of all terminals located within the coverage (or service area) of the corresponding base station or beam. The dedicated reference signal can be used for a channel estimation operation of a specific terminal or a specific terminal group within the coverage of the base station or beam.

[0110] Accordingly, when a base station or a beam (e.g., a beam set between a base station and a terminal) is changed, a dedicated reference signal for beam management may be changed. The beam may be changed based on the set parameter(s) between the base station and the terminal. A change procedure for the set beam may be required. "Changing a beam in an NR communication network" may mean "changing an index (or identifier) ​​of a TCI state to an index of another TCI state," "newly setting a TCI state," or "changing a TCI state to an activated state." The base station may transmit system information including configuration information of a common reference signal to the terminal. The terminal may acquire the common reference signal based on the system information. In a handover procedure, a synchronization reconfiguration procedure, or a connection reconfiguration procedure, the base station may transmit a dedicated control message including configuration information of a common reference signal to the terminal.

[0111] The configuration beam information may include one or more of a configuration beam index (or identifier), a configuration TCI state index (or identifier), configuration information of each beam (e.g., transmission power, beam width, vertical angle, horizontal angle), transmission and / or reception timing information of each beam (e.g., subframe index, slot index, mini slot index, symbol index, offset), reference signal information corresponding to each beam, and a reference signal identifier.

[0112] In the present disclosure, the base station may be an airborne base station. For example, the base station may be installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (e.g., a drone), a manned aircraft, or a satellite.

[0113] The terminal can receive configuration information of the base station (e.g., identification information of the base station) from the base station through one or more of an RRC message, a MAC message, and a PHY message, and can identify a base station that will perform a beam monitoring operation, a wireless access operation, and / or a control (or data) packet transmission / reception operation based on the configuration information.

[0114] The result of a measurement operation for a beam (e.g., a beam monitoring operation) may be reported via a physical layer control channel (e.g., a PUCCH) and / or a MAC message (e.g., a MAC CE, a control PDU). Here, the result of the beam monitoring operation may be a measurement result for one or more beams (or beam groups). For example, the result of the beam monitoring operation may be a measurement result for beams (or beam groups) according to a beam sweeping operation of the base station.

[0115] A base station can obtain a result of a beam measurement operation or a beam monitoring operation from a terminal, and can change the properties of a beam or the properties of a TCI state based on the result of the beam measurement operation or the beam monitoring operation. A beam can be classified into a primary beam, a secondary beam, a reserve (or candidate) beam, an active beam, and an inactive beam according to the properties. A TCI state can be classified into a primary TCI state, a secondary TCI state, a reserve (or candidate) TCI state, a serving TCI state, a configured TCI state, an active TCI state, and an inactive TCI state according to the properties. The primary TCI state and the secondary TCI state can be assumed as an active TCI state and a serving TCI state, respectively. The reserve (or candidate) TCI state can be assumed as an inactive TCI state or a configured TCI state.

[0116] The procedure for changing beam (or TCI state) properties can be controlled by the RRC layer and / or the MAC layer. If the procedure for changing beam (or TCI state) properties is controlled by the MAC layer, the MAC layer can notify upper layers of information about the change of beam (or TCI state) properties. The information about the change of beam (or TCI state) properties can be transmitted to a terminal via a MAC message and / or a physical layer control channel (e.g., PDCCH). The information about the change of beam (or TCI state) properties can be included in downlink control information (DCI) or uplink control information (UCI). The information about the change of beam (or TCI state) properties can be expressed as a separate indicator or field.

[0117] A terminal may request a change in the properties of a TCI state based on the results of a beam measurement operation or a beam monitoring operation. The terminal may transmit control information (or feedback information) requesting a change in the properties of the TCI state to the base station using one or more of a PHY message, a MAC message, and an RRC message. The control information (or feedback information, a control message, or a control channel) requesting a change in the properties of the TCI state may be configured using one or more of the above-described configured beam information.

[0118] Changing the properties of a beam (or TCI state) may mean "changing from an active beam to an inactive beam", "changing from an inactive beam to an active beam", "changing from a primary beam to a secondary beam", "changing from a secondary beam to a primary beam", "changing from a primary beam to a reserve (or candidate) beam", or "changing from a reserve (or candidate) beam to a primary beam". The procedure for changing the properties of a beam (or TCI state) may be controlled by the RRC layer and / or the MAC layer. The procedure for changing the properties of a beam (or TCI state) may be performed through partial cooperation between the RRC layer and the MAC layer.

[0119] When multiple beams are allocated, one or more of the multiple beams may be configured as beam(s) for transmitting a physical layer control channel. For example, the primary beam and / or the secondary beam may be used for transmitting and receiving a physical layer control channel (e.g., a PHY message). Here, the physical layer control channel may be a PDCCH or a PUCCH. The physical layer control channel may be used for transmitting one or more of scheduling information (e.g., radio resource allocation information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information), feedback information (e.g., channel quality indication (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), HARQ ACK, HARQ NACK), resource request information (e.g., scheduling request (SR)), a result of a beam monitoring operation for supporting a beamforming function, a TCI state ID, and measurement information for an active beam (or an inactive beam).

[0120] The physical layer control channel may be configured to be transmitted via the primary beam of the downlink. In this case, feedback information may be transmitted and received via the primary beam, and data scheduled by the control information may be transmitted and received via the secondary beam. The physical layer control channel may be configured to be transmitted via the primary beam of the uplink. In this case, resource request information (e.g., scheduling request) and / or feedback information may be transmitted and received via the primary beam.

[0121] In a procedure for allocating multiple beams (or a procedure for setting a TCI state), allocated (or set) beam indices, information indicating spacing between beams, and / or information indicating whether consecutive beams are allocated can be transmitted and received through a signaling procedure between a base station and a terminal. The signaling procedure for beam allocation information can be performed differently depending on status information of the terminal (e.g., moving speed, moving direction, location information) and / or the quality of a wireless channel. The base station can obtain status information of the terminal from the terminal. Alternatively, the base station can obtain status information of the terminal through another method.

[0122] The wireless resource information may include parameter(s) indicating frequency domain resources (e.g., center frequency, system bandwidth, PRB index, number of PBRs, CRB index, number of CRBs, subcarrier index, frequency offset) and parameter(s) indicating time domain resources (e.g., radio frame index, subframe index, transmission time interval (TTI), slot index, mini slot index, symbol index, time offset, period, length, window of a transmission section (or reception section)). In addition, the wireless resource information may further include resource information occupied according to characteristics of a hopping pattern of a wireless resource, information for beamforming operation (e.g., beam configuration information, beam index), and a code sequence (or bit sequence, signal sequence).

[0123] The name of the physical layer channel and / or the name of the transport channel may vary depending on the type (or attribute) of data, the type (or attribute) of control information, the direction of transmission (e.g., uplink, downlink, sidelink), etc.

[0124] The reference signal for beam (or TCI state) or wireless link management may be a synchronization signal (e.g., PSS, SSS, SS / PBCH block), CSI-RS, PT-RS, SRS, DM-RS, etc. The reference parameter(s) for reception quality of the reference signal for beam (or TCI state) or wireless link management may be a measurement time unit, a measurement time interval, a reference value (or threshold) indicating the degree of improvement in reception quality, a condition (e.g., reference value) indicating the degree of deterioration in reception quality, etc. Each of the measurement time unit and the measurement time interval may be set in units of absolute time (e.g., millisecond, second), TTI, symbol, slot, frame, subframe, scheduling period, operation period of a base station, or operation period of a terminal.

[0125] A condition indicating the degree of change in reception quality (e.g., a reference value) can be set as an absolute value (dBm) or a relative value (dB). In addition, the reception quality of a reference signal for beam (or TCI state) or wireless link management can be expressed as RSRP (reference signal received power), RSRQ (reference signal received quality), RSSI (received signal strength indicator), SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), SIR (signal-to-interference ratio), and / or SINR (signal-to-interference and noise ratio).

[0126] Meanwhile, in NR communication networks using millimeter-wave frequency bands, flexibility in channel bandwidth management for packet transmission can be secured based on the bandwidth part (BWP) concept. A base station can configure up to four BWPs with different bandwidths for a terminal. BWPs can be configured independently for downlink and uplink. In other words, downlink BWPs can be distinguished from uplink BWPs. Each BWP can have different bandwidths and subcarrier spacing.

[0127] Measurement operations (e.g., monitoring operations) for beam (or TCI state) or wireless link management can be performed at a base station and / or a terminal. The base station and / or the terminal can perform the measurement operation (e.g., monitoring operation) according to parameter(s) set for the measurement operation (e.g., monitoring operation). The terminal can report the measurement results according to the set parameter(s) for measurement reporting.

[0128] If the reception quality of the reference signal according to the measurement result satisfies a preset threshold value (or reference value) and / or a preset timer condition, the base station may determine whether to perform a beam (or radio link) management operation, a beam switching operation, or a beam deactivation operation (or beam activation operation) according to a beam blockage situation. If it is determined to perform a specific operation, the base station may transmit a message to the terminal that triggers the performance of the specific operation. For example, the base station may transmit a control message instructing the performance of the specific operation to the terminal. The control message may include configuration information of the specific operation.

[0129] If the reception quality of the reference signal according to the measurement result satisfies a preset condition (e.g., a reference value, a threshold value) and / or a preset timer condition, the terminal may report the measurement result to the base station. Alternatively, the terminal may transmit a control message to the base station that triggers a beam (or wireless link) management operation, a beam switching operation (or a TCI state ID change operation, an attribute change operation), or a beam deactivation operation (or a beam activation operation) according to a beam blockage situation. The control message may request the performance of a specific operation.

[0130] A basic procedure for beam (or TCI state) management through wireless link monitoring may include a beam failure detection (BFD) procedure for a wireless link, a beam recovery (BR) request procedure, etc. Each of "an operation for determining whether to perform a beam failure detection procedure and / or a beam recovery request procedure", "an operation for triggering performance of a beam failure detection procedure and / or a beam recovery request procedure", and "a control signaling operation for a beam failure detection procedure and / or a beam recovery request procedure" may be performed by one or more of a PHY layer, a MAC layer, and an RRC layer.

[0131] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for providing a service using multiple wireless access points in a communication network.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 6, base stations (611, 612) can provide services to wireless access points (621-1, 621-2, 622-1) within their service areas via wired or wireless interfaces. The interface between the base station (611) and the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) within the service area of ​​the base station (611) can be provided in a wired or wireless manner. The interface between the base station (612) and the wireless access point (622-1) within the service area of ​​the base station (612) can be provided in a wired or wireless manner. Functional separation can be applied to the base stations (611, 612). In this case, the base stations (611, 612) can be composed of two or more nodes (e.g., CU, DU) that perform wireless protocol functions of the base stations (611, 612).

[0133] Base stations (611, 612) and wireless access points (621-1, 621-2, 622-1) can provide services to terminals (650, 651-1, 651-2, 651-3, 652-1, 652-2) within each service area via a wireless link (e.g., Uu interface). The transmission frequencies (or frequency bands) of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) within the base station (611) may be the same or different. When the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) use the same frequency, the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) can operate in the same cell having the same PCI (physical cell ID) or in different cells having different PCIs.

[0134] When wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) operate at the same frequency, the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) can provide a service to the terminal (651-3) in a single frequency network (SFN) manner. The SFN manner may mean "a manner in which one or more wireless access points simultaneously transmit the same data to the terminal using the same frequency." In order to provide a service in the SFN manner, each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) can transmit a downlink channel and / or signal to the terminal (651-3) using the same resource (e.g., physical resource block (PRB)) in the frequency and time domains. The terminal (653-1) can receive a downlink channel and / or signal from each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) using a beam (or radio resource) corresponding to the beam identifier (e.g., TCI state identifier) ​​of each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2). The downlink channel and / or signal may mean at least one of a downlink channel or a downlink signal. The TCI state identifier may be a TCI state ID or a TCI state index.

[0135] Wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) operating at the same frequency may not use the SFN scheme. In this case, each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) may transmit a downlink channel and / or signal to the terminal (651-3) using different resources (e.g., PRBs) in the frequency and time domains. The terminal (653-1) may receive a downlink channel and / or signal from each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) using a beam (or radio resource) corresponding to the beam identifier (e.g., TCI state identifier) ​​of each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2).

[0136] The wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) may have different PCIs. In other words, the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) may operate in different cells. "The wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) operate in different cells" may mean that "the base station (611) includes two or more cells having different PCIs, and each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) is a subnode (or wireless access point) of a cell." Alternatively, “wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) operating as different cells” may mean “two or more cells having different PCIs exist within one DU included in a base station (611) to which functional separation is applied, and each of the wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) is a lower node (or wireless access point) of a cell.”

[0137] When wireless access points (621-1, 621-2) belong to different cells within a base station or a DU of the base station, a service for a terminal that does not support carrier aggregation function (e.g., a terminal in an RRC connection state) can be provided from one wireless access point.

[0138] A base station can provide services to a terminal using one or more cells or one or more wireless access points. A base station with functional separation can include one CU and multiple DUs, and each of the multiple DUs can provide services to a terminal using one or more cells or one or more wireless access points.

[0139] In the present disclosure, a method for providing a service to a terminal in an RRC connection state using a machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence) function, a method for determining (e.g., selecting) a cell and / or wireless access point on which a terminal in an RRC inactive state camps using a machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence) function, a method for signaling information (e.g., measurement, reporting, preference information) related to a machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence) function, a mobility control method using a machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence) function, etc. will be proposed.

[0140] Communication nodes (e.g., base stations, eNBs, gNBs, cells, Non-terrestrial Network (NTN) nodes, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) nodes, and wireless access points (e.g., TRPs, RRHs, relays, repeaters)) can support functional separation, carrier aggregation, dual connectivity, multi-RAT (radio access technology) connectivity, and / or redundant transmission. The terminals may refer to various types of terminals. For example, the terminals may be wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, portable terminal devices, devices installed in vehicles, head-mounted devices (HMDs), etc. Machine learning functions can be applied to maintain wireless links in communication networks, control connections, support mobility functions (e.g., mobility control), establish communication nodes, decommission communication nodes, and / or change communication nodes.

[0141] Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c are conceptual diagrams illustrating the configuration of a base station that provides communication services to a terminal.

[0142] Referring to FIGS. 7a, 7b, and 7c, a base station (701, 711) to which functional separation is not applied may include one or more cells (705-1, 705-2, ..., 705-n, 715-1, 715-2, ..., 715-n) and / or one or more TRPs (703-1, 703-2, ..., 703-m, 713-1, ..., 713-m). Each of n and m may be a natural number. In a base station (701, 711) to which functional separation is not applied, there may be cells (705-1, ..., 705-n, 715-2, ..., 715-n) including one or more TRPs (703-1, 703-2, ..., 703-m, 713-1, ..., 713-m) and cells (705-2, 715-1) not including TRPs (703-1, 703-2, ..., 703-m, 713-1, ..., 713-m). A cell may include one or more TRPs. Alternatively, a cell may not include a TRP. A terminal (704-1, 704-2) may form a RL (radio link) with a cell and / or a TRP.

[0143] A base station (721, 731) to which functional separation is applied may include a central unit (CU) (722, 732) and a distributed unit (DU) (726, 736). The DU (726, 736) may include one or more cells (725-1, 725-2, ..., 725-n, 735-1, 735-2, 735-3, ..., 735-n) and / or one or more TRPs (723-1, 723-2, ..., 723-m, 733-1, 733-2, ..., 733-(m-1), 733-m). In FIGS. 7B and 7C, DUs (726, 736) include cells and / or TRPs, but not all functions of the cells and / or TRPs may be implemented in DUs (726, 736). The embodiments of FIGS. 7B and 7C may illustrate that hierarchies for DUs (726, 736) and cells (or TRPs) are distinguished in a communication network. One or more cells (725-1, 725-2, ..., 725-n, 735-1, 735-2, 735-3, ..., 735-n) included in DUs (726, 736) may perform functions below the RLC (radio link control) layer in a wireless protocol layer (e.g., functions of the RLC layer, functions of the MAC (medium access control) layer, functions of the PHY (physical) layer).

[0144] In a base station (721, 731) to which functional separation is applied, there may be cells (725-1, ..., 725-n, 735-2, 735-3, ..., 735-n) including one or more TRPs (723-1, 723-2, ..., 723-m, 733-1, 733-2, ..., 733-(m-1), 733-m) and cells (725-2, 735-1) that do not include TRPs (723-1, 723-2, ..., 723-m, 733-1, 733-2, ..., 733-(m-1), 733-m). A cell may include one or more TRPs. Alternatively, a cell may not include a TRP. Terminals (704-3, 704-4) can form cells and / or TRPs and RLs.

[0145] Multiple TRPs within a single cell can have the same physical cell identifier (PCI). In other words, the same PCI can be applied to multiple TRPs within a single cell. Within a cell, each TRP can be distinguished by a TRP index (or ID). TRPs belonging to different cells can have different PCIs.

[0146] A base station can provide services (e.g., communication services) to terminals (704-1, 704-2, 704-3, 704-4) within the coverage area of ​​a cell and / or TRP using a wireless link (e.g., RL1, RL2). If CA (carrier aggregation) is not set for terminals (704-1, 704-2, 704-3, 704-4) in an RRC connection state, the terminals (704-1, 704-2, 704-3, 704-4) can perform communication using one cell (e.g., PCell (primary cell)) and one wireless link (e.g., RL1). The wireless link may refer to a wireless channel. When CA is set for terminals (704-1, 704-2, 704-3, 704-4) in an RRC connection state, the terminals (704-1, 704-2, 704-3) can perform communication using a wireless link for PCell (e.g., RL1) and a wireless link for SCell (secondary cell) (e.g., RL2).

[0147] TRPs may belong to the same cell or different cells. TRPs belonging to the same cell may have the same PCI, and TRPs belonging to different cells may have different PCIs. The same PCI may be applied to TRPs (703-1, 703-2) belonging to the same cell, and the same PCI may be applied to TRPs (723-1, 723-2) belonging to the same cell. TRPs belonging to different cells may operate in the same frequency band or different frequency bands. TRPs operating in different frequency bands may be TRPs with different PCIs (e.g., TRPs belonging to different cells).

[0148] If DC (dual connectivity) is not configured for a terminal in an RRC connection state, the terminal can establish an RRC connection with one base station and receive services from one base station. If CA is not configured for the terminal, the terminal can receive services from one cell (e.g., PCell) through RL1 of FIG. 7a and / or FIG. 7b. A terminal in an RRC connection state without DC configured can perform MAC layer functions using one MAC entity.

[0149] In a communication network composed of various communication nodes (e.g., satellites, aerial vehicles, etc.), a machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence)-based mobility control / management function may be introduced by considering the state of a mobile device (e.g., a wireless terminal mounted on a mobile device) and / or a terminal in the access link between the terminal and the communication node(s). The mobile device may include an unmanned aerial vehicle, a train, a ship, an automobile, etc. In order to improve service performance through connection control, management and recovery of a wireless link, and / or configuration and change of communication nodes, a machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence)-based mobility control / management function may be considered. The operation of a base station and / or a terminal, a signaling method, etc. for collecting and / or reporting learning information, parameters, etc. required by a functional block (e.g., an entity) to which machine learning (e.g., artificial intelligence, learning model) is applied will be described.

[0150] A communication node may support functional separation, carrier aggregation, dual connectivity, multi-RAT connectivity, and / or redundant transmission. The communication node may be at least one of a base station (e.g., eNB, gNB), a cell, an NTN node, an IAB node, or a wireless access point (e.g., a TRP, an RRH, a relay, a repeater). The communication node may mean a terminal depending on the context. The terminal may be at least one of a UE, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a station, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a portable subscriber station, a node, a device, an IoT device, an onboard device (e.g., a mounted module / device / terminal or an onboard device / terminal), a wearable device, or a head-mounted device (HMD).

[0151] Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of service provision and mobility function support in air nodes and ground nodes.

[0152] Referring to FIG. 8, terminals (804-1, 804-2) may be located in an air node service area (802-1) of an air node (801) and may receive services from the air node (801). The air node (801) may be installed on a satellite or an airborne vehicle. Terminals (804-3, 804-4, 804-5) located in a ground node service area (802-2) may receive services from ground nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4). The air node service area (802-1) may not overlap with the ground node service area (802-2). Alternatively, the air node service area (802-1) may overlap with the ground node service area (802-2).

[0153] Terminals (804-1, 804-2) may belong to the air node service area (802-1) or the ground node service area (802-2) depending on their movement. If terminals (804-1, 804-2) belong to the air node service area (802-1), terminals (804-1, 804-2) can receive service from the air node (801). If terminals (804-1, 804-2) belong to the ground node service area (802-2), terminals (804-1, 804-2) can receive service from the ground nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4). The movement path of the terminal (804-1) may be 806-1 illustrated in FIG. 8, and the movement path of the terminal (804-2) may be 806-2 illustrated in FIG. 8. There may be a terminal (804-6) that does not belong to the air node service area (802-1) and the ground node service area (802-2). The terminal (804-6) may not receive services from the air node (801) and the ground nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4). In the above-described communication system (e.g., a communication network), depending on the connection status of the terminal and / or the service being provided to the terminal, a method for minimizing power consumption in the communication node and the terminal, a method for efficiently managing wireless resources, a method for controlling connection of the terminal, and / or a method for controlling mobility of the terminal may be required.

[0154] A terminal (804-1) and / or an air node (801) moving along a movement path (807-1) can predict (e.g., estimate) the time required for the terminal (804-1) to move to edge point 1 (edge ​​point of service or edge line of service) (806-1) (hereinafter, “required time 1”), the time required for the terminal (804-1) to arrive at edge point 1 (806-1) (hereinafter, “arrival time 1”), and / or the distance (hereinafter, “distance 1”) from the location of the terminal (804-1) to edge point 1 (806-1). For example, based on measurement information (e.g., report information) of periodic / aperiodic wireless channel quality between the air node (801) and the terminal (804-1), location report information (e.g., positioning report information) of the terminal (804-1), the moving speed of the terminal (804-1), and / or the moving information (e.g., moving trajectory information) of the terminal (804-1), the air node (801) and / or the terminal (804-1) can predict (e.g., estimate) the required time 1, the arrival time 1, and / or the distance 1. The required time 1, the arrival time 1, and / or the distance 1 may be moving state information, and the moving state information may be information about the time point at which the terminal (804-1) leaves the air node service area (802-1).

[0155] The terminal (804-1) can measure terminal location information and report the terminal location information to the air node (801) periodically or aperiodically. The air node (801) can obtain terminal location information from the terminal (804-1). The terminal location information of the terminal (804-1) can be location information estimated based on global positioning system (GPS) information, reference signals (e.g., reference signals for positioning), and / or location information obtained through built-in sensors. The air node (801) and the terminal (804-1) can predict (e.g., estimate) the required time 1, the arrival time 1, and / or the distance 1 based on the above-described information. The air node (801) can transmit the prediction result (e.g., the estimation result) to the terminal (804-1). The terminal (804-1) can receive the prediction result from the air node (801). The predicted results may include a travel time of 1, an arrival time of 1, and / or a distance of 1.

[0156] The aerial node (801) can predict (e.g., estimate) the time required for the terminal (804-1) to move to boundary point 2 (806-2) (hereinafter, “required time 2”), the time required for the terminal (804-1) to arrive at boundary point (806-2) (hereinafter, “arrival time 2”), and / or the distance (hereinafter, “distance 2”) from the current location of the terminal (804-1) to boundary point 2 (806-2) by considering the movement status information of the terminal (804-1). The boundary point 2 (806-2) may be the starting point of the ground node service area (802-2). The aerial node (801) can transmit the prediction result (e.g., the estimation result) to the terminal (804-1). The terminal (804-1) can receive the prediction result from the aerial node (801). The predicted result may include a time taken 2, an arrival time 2, and / or a distance 2. The predicted result may be information about when the terminal (804-1) enters the ground node service area (802-2).

[0157] For a terminal in an RRC connection state, the air node (801) can transmit configuration information (hereinafter, “AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning)-mobility configuration information”) to the terminal for supporting a mobility control / management learning model function using a dedicated control message (e.g., an RRC message, a MAC layer control message (e.g., MAC CE), and / or a physical layer control message (e.g., DCI)). The terminal can receive the AI / ML-mobility configuration information from the air node (801). The AI / ML-mobility configuration information for a terminal in an RRC connection state can include at least one of a current location of the terminal, a travel time 1, an arrival time 1, a distance 1, a travel time 2, an arrival time 2, a distance 2, an event condition set for mobility control / management based on a learning model, a geographical location (e.g., a geographic location, a reference point) set for mobility control / management based on a learning model, or location information of a neighboring communication node.

[0158] For a terminal in RRC inactive state or RRC idle state, the air node (801) can transmit AI / ML-mobility configuration information to the terminal using system information and / or terminal state transition control messages (e.g., RRC connection re-establishment message, RRC connection release message, and / or RRC resume message). The AI / ML-mobility configuration information for a terminal in RRC inactive state or RRC idle state can include at least one of: time required 1, arrival time 1, distance 1, time required 2, arrival time 2, distance 2, an event condition set for learning model-based mobility control / management, a geographical location set for learning model-based mobility control / management (e.g., a geographic location, a reference point), or location information of a neighboring communication node.

[0159] The AI / ML-mobility configuration information may further include at least one of parameters for preparing a learning model function or operation of a communication node and / or a terminal, configuration parameters of the learning model, condition parameters of the learning model, execution condition parameters, input parameters for performing a learning model function, collection parameters for performing a learning model function, or execution instruction information of the learning model. The execution instruction information of the learning model may include at least one of an identifier of the learning model, an identifier of a set of input parameters of the learning model, an execution condition identifier, or an execution identifier. A control message that transmits identification information of the learning model function, execution condition information of the learning model function, operation preparation information, and / or execution instruction between the communication node and the terminal may be transmitted including the above-described identifier. Alternatively, only the above-described identifier may be transmitted.

[0160] When the terminal (804-1) is in an RRC connection state with the air node (801) (e.g., when the terminal (804-1) is receiving a service from the air node (801), the terminal (804-1) and / or the air node (801) can complete the service before the terminal (804-1) arrives at the boundary point 1 (806-1). The arrival of the terminal (804-1) at the boundary point 1 (806-1) can be determined based on AI / ML-mobility configuration information. The terminal (804-1) and / or the air node (801) can prepare for the terminal (804-1) to enter the ground node service area (802-2) and resume the service. The time when the terminal (804-1) enters the ground node service area (802-2) can be determined based on the AI / ML-mobility configuration information. For the above operation, the operating state of the terminal (804-1) can be transitioned to the RRC idle state or the RRC inactive state.

[0161] FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a mobility control operation according to changes in wireless channel quality in the movement path of the terminal (804-1) of FIG. 8.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 9, the terminal (804-1) may arrive at boundary point 1 (806-1, 903) at the predicted time (903) signaled by the air node (801). In this case, the terminal (804-1) may determine whether it is located within the air node service area (802-1). The predicted time (903) may be indicated or confirmed by AI / ML mobility configuration information. For example, the terminal (804-1) may measure the wireless channel quality for the air node (801). If the measured wireless channel quality is less than a reference condition (e.g., a condition for determining whether the terminal (804-1) is located within the air node service area (802-1), the terminal (804-1) may determine that it has left the air node service area (802-1). In other words, the terminal (804-1) can be determined to be in an out-of-service area (OoS) state for the public node service area (802-1). The reference condition may be a cell / node detection criterion (901) for a cell search procedure, a cell camping condition (911), and / or a reference value for determining an OoS state.

[0163] The terminal (804-1) may arrive at boundary point 1 (806-1, 903) at a time (e.g., T1 (903-1)) before the predicted time (903) signaled by the air node (801). Alternatively, the terminal (804-1) may arrive at boundary point 1 (806-1) at a time (e.g., T2 (903-2)) after the predicted time (903) signaled by the air node (801). The terminal (804-1) may determine whether it is located within the air node service area (802-1) based on the method described above, regardless of the time of arrival at boundary point 1 (806-1). When the terminal (804-1) is in an OoS state for the air node service area (802-1), the terminal (804-1) can measure (e.g., calculate, determine) at least one of location information, quality information of a wireless channel, event conditions set for mobility control, movement status information of the terminal, difference information (e.g., deviation information) between information (e.g., location, time, distance) about boundary point 1 (806-1, 903) obtained from the air node (801) and information about boundary point 1 (806-1, 903) measured (e.g., calculated) by the terminal (804-1), movement time, required time, or movement distance, and generate parameters for a mobility control / management learning model (hereinafter, “AI / ML-mobility parameters”) based on the measured information. In other words, the terminal (804-1) can store the measured information as AI / ML-mobility parameters.

[0164] The travel time, required time, and travel distance may be the travel time, required time, and travel distance between the occurrence times (e.g., occurrence points) of events set for learning model-based mobility control / management, respectively. The travel time, required time, and / or travel distance for AI / ML-mobility parameters may be measured information (e.g., calculated information) based on the travel time, required time, and / or travel distance between locations for geographical locations (e.g., geopolitical locations, reference points), communication nodes, and / or terminals set for learning model-based mobility control / management. The distance information may be expressed in the form of a measured distance between locations (e.g., points). Alternatively, the distance information may be expressed in the form of a relative distance from a reference location (e.g., reference point).

[0165] Terminal (804-1) can move within the OoS. Terminal (804-1) can periodically or aperiodically measure (e.g., calculate) the travel time, travel distance, and / or travel direction from boundary point 1 (806-1 of FIG. 8) to boundary point 2 (806-2, 904), and additionally generate AI / ML mobility parameters based on the measured information. Terminal (804-1) can update the AI / ML mobility parameters based on the measured information. Based on the AI / ML-mobility configuration information for a terminal in RRC inactive state or RRC idle state, the terminal (804-1) can reduce unnecessary power consumption of the terminal (804-1) by deactivating the cell search function (e.g., cell search procedure) while moving from a recognized service end point based on trajectory information (e.g., history information) of the air node (801) or boundary point 1 (806-1, 903) of the air node service area (802-1) to boundary point 2 (806-2, 904). The terminal (804-1) can perform the cell search procedure by activating the cell search function based on "turning / changing its own moving direction" and / or "updated AI / ML-mobility parameters".

[0166] The terminal (804-1) can reach the ground node service area (802-2) through the boundary point 2 (806-2, 904) on its movement path (807-1). The terminal (804-1) can move as “the service area of ​​the macro node (803-1) → the service area of ​​the wireless access point (803-2) → the service area of ​​the small node (803-4) → the service area of ​​the macro node (803-1).” The terminal (804-1) can pass through boundary area 3 (806-3, 905), boundary area 4 (806-4, 906), and boundary area 6 (806-6, 907) within the ground node service area (802-2). The boundary area may mean an area where two or more service areas overlap.

[0167] The terminal (804-1) can recognize that the terminal (804-1) is close to boundary point 2 (806-2, 904) based on a learning model function based on AI / ML-mobility setting information acquired from the air node (801). In this case, the terminal (804-1) can activate a cell search function. When the cell search function is activated, the terminal (804-1) can measure the wireless channel quality of the macro node (803-1) by performing a cell search procedure. The terminal (804-1) can camp on the macro node (803-1) at a time point (911-1) when the wireless channel quality of the macro node (803-1) is higher than or equal to the cell camping condition (911). The terminal (804-1) can perform a mobility procedure with the macro node (803-1). Mobility procedures may include cell switching procedures, beam switching procedures, access procedures, handover procedures, cell selection procedures, cell reselection procedures, dual connectivity procedures, and / or multi-RAT connectivity procedures. A terminal in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state may receive AI / ML mobility configuration information from the macro node (803-1) on which it has camped.

[0168] In order to resume a suspended service or receive a new service, the terminal may perform an access procedure to transition to an RRC connected state. The terminal in the RRC connected state may receive AI / ML-mobility configuration information from the serving cell through a dedicated control message. In other words, the dedicated control message transmitted by the serving cell may include AI / ML-mobility configuration information. The AI / ML-mobility configuration information for mobility control / management based on learning model functions in the ground node service area (802-2) may include information on a boundary area between communication nodes and / or adjacent nodes. The information on the boundary area may include at least one of a learning model-based beam / cell switching event condition, beam / cell switching predicted position information (e.g., predicted point information, predicted area information), a condition for determining whether the terminal enters the boundary area, a time required to the boundary area, an arrival time in the boundary area, distance information to the boundary area, a stay time in the boundary area according to the mobility status information of the terminal (e.g., a predicted stay time), or a passage time in the boundary area according to the mobility status information of the terminal (e.g., a predicted passage time). Distance information can be expressed in the form of measured distances between locations (e.g., points). Alternatively, distance information can be expressed in the form of a relative distance from a reference location (e.g., a reference point). A cell switching procedure may refer to a handover procedure. In other words, a cell switching procedure may refer to a procedure for changing a serving cell (e.g., a serving communication node) to a target cell (e.g., a target communication node).

[0169] The terminal (804-1) and / or the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) can determine whether the terminal (804-1) enters the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-6) based on the learning model according to the above-described method. In other words, the terminal (804-1) and / or the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) can estimate (e.g., predict) whether the terminal (804-1) enters the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-6) based on channel quality, time, and / or distance information.

[0170] The terminal (804-1) and / or the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) may perform the connection control procedure and / or the mobility management procedure before the terminal (804-1) enters the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-6). In other words, the terminal (804-1) may perform the mobility procedure before a time (e.g., a predicted time) at which the terminal (804-1) is predicted to enter the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-6). Alternatively, the terminal (804-1) and / or the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) may perform the connection control procedure and / or the mobility management procedure at the same time as the terminal (804-1) enters the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-6). In other words, at the time point (e.g., the predicted time) when the terminal (804-1) is predicted to enter the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-6), the terminal (804-1) can perform a mobility procedure. For example, the terminal (804-1) in the RRC inactive state can change the camping node to the corresponding communication node at the same time as entering the boundary area. The terminal (804-1) in the RRC connected state can perform a procedure for changing the serving communication node (e.g., a switching procedure) or an additional connection procedure (e.g., a dual connection procedure or a multi-RAT connection procedure) at the serving communication node before or at the same time as entering the boundary area.

[0171] For example, before arriving at boundary area 3 (806-3, 905), the terminal (804-1) may periodically or aperiodically measure (e.g., calculate) the location of the terminal (804-1), the quality of the wireless channel of the communication node(s), the synchronization information of the communication node(s), the information of the preferred candidate beam / target beam, the information of the candidate cell / target cell / communication node, the distance information to boundary area 3 (806-3, 905), and / or the arrival prediction time information of boundary area 3 (806-3, 905), and may add, generate, or update AI / ML-mobility parameters based on the measured information, and may report the AI / ML-mobility parameters to the macro node (803-1), which is a serving cell. In other words, the AI / ML-mobility configuration information may be updated based on the measurement information of the terminal (804-1). Synchronization information of communication node(s) may mean synchronization information (e.g., synchronization time difference) between a serving cell and adjacent communication node(s) for adjusting transmission timing of an uplink physical channel of a terminal, or synchronization information (e.g., synchronization time difference) between adjacent communication nodes.

[0172] The terminal (804-1) can transmit AI / ML-mobility parameter and / or AI / ML-mobility report information for supporting learning model function to the macro node (803-1). The macro node (803-1) can receive AI / ML-mobility parameter and / or AI / ML-mobility report information for supporting learning model function from the terminal (804-1). The macro node (803-1) can transmit radio resource configuration information (e.g., radio resource configuration information for the terminal (804-1)) allocated by the wireless access point (803-2), which is a target communication node determined in the boundary area 3 (806-3, 905), to the terminal (804-1). The terminal (804-1) can receive radio resource configuration information allocated by the wireless access point (803-2) from the macro node (803-1). In other words, the terminal (804-1), the macro node (803-1) which is a serving cell, and / or the wireless access point (803-2) which is a target cell can exchange control information (e.g., AI / ML-mobility configuration information, AI / ML-mobility parameters, and / or AI / ML-mobility reporting information) in advance to support the learning model function.

[0173] A terminal (804-1) that has entered boundary area 3 (806-3, 905) can receive downlink scheduling information and / or timing information (e.g., uplink physical layer timing adjustment information) from a wireless access point (803-2), which is a target cell, without performing an uplink synchronization setup procedure (e.g., a random access procedure) with the wireless access point (803-2). The downlink scheduling information and / or uplink physical layer timing adjustment information can be transmitted and received in resources indicated by radio resource setup information pre-allocated by the wireless access point (803-2). The terminal (804-1) that has entered the boundary area 3 (806-3, 905) can transmit necessary information to the target cell using the pre-allocated uplink resources (e.g., the radio resources of the radio access point (803-2) indicated by the macro node (803-1)) without performing an uplink synchronization setup procedure (e.g., a random access procedure) with the radio access point (803-2). When a cell switching procedure is performed from the macro node (803-1), which is the serving cell, to the radio access point (803-2), which is the target cell, based on a learning model, the terminal (804-1) can perform the cell switching procedure without performing the "step of the terminal (804-1) transmitting a message requesting cell switching to the serving macro node (803-1)" and / or the "step of the terminal (804-1) receiving a control message instructing cell switching to be performed from the serving macro node (803-1) to the target radio access point (803-2)". In other words, a terminal (804-1) that has entered boundary area 3 (806-3, 905) can perform or complete a cell switching procedure by transmitting an uplink channel to a target wireless access point (803-2) and / or receiving a downlink channel from the target wireless access point (803-2) without performing any control message transmission / reception procedure for a cell switching procedure (e.g., support of a mobility procedure) with a serving macro node (803-1).

[0174] In order to establish uplink synchronization between a terminal (804-1) that has entered boundary area 3 (806-3, 905) and a target wireless access point (803-2), the target wireless access point (803-2) may transmit uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information to the terminal (804-1). For example, based on the support of a learning model-based mobility control / management function, the target wireless access point (803-2) may directly transmit uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information to the terminal (804-1) that has entered boundary area 3 (806-3, 905) using synchronization information of communication node(s) received from the terminal and / or serving macro node (803-1). The terminal (804-1) may receive uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information from the target wireless access point (803-2). Alternatively, based on the support of learning model-based mobility control / management functions, the serving macro node (803-1) may transmit uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information for the target wireless access point (803-2) to the terminal (804-1) using the synchronization information of the communication node(s) received from the terminal. The terminal (804-1) may receive uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information from the serving macro node (803-1).

[0175] Based on the above-described learning model-based mobility control / management method, a terminal in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state can camp on a target radio access point (803-2) by performing a cell (re)selection procedure in a boundary area 3 (806-3, 905). The cell (re)selection procedure may mean a cell selection procedure and / or a cell reselection procedure. The terminal may add, generate, and / or store AI / ML-mobility parameters based on previous AI / ML-mobility parameters acquired (e.g., stored) based on AI / ML-mobility configuration information and / or information measured (e.g., calculated) in a cell (re)selection procedure or cell camping procedure for the boundary area (e.g., radio channel quality (e.g., radio channel quality of a camping cell), camping duration, terminal location information, movement path information, movement time information, movement distance information, and / or difference information (e.g., error, deviation) for movement status information). The terminal can store the AI / ML mobility parameters in the learning model. In other words, the terminal can update AI / ML mobility configuration information.

[0176] Based on the above-described learning model-based mobility control / management method, a terminal in an RRC connection state can perform a cell switching procedure from a serving macro node (803-1) to a target radio access point (803-2) in boundary area 3 (806-3, 905). The terminal can add, generate, and / or store AI / ML-mobility parameters based on previous AI / ML-mobility parameters acquired (e.g., stored) based on AI / ML-mobility configuration information and / or information measured (e.g., calculated) in a cell switching procedure for the boundary area (e.g., information on a serving cell, information on a target cell, wireless channel quality of the serving cell, wireless channel quality of the target cell, time required for the cell switching procedure, location information of the terminal, movement path information, movement time information, movement distance information, and / or difference information (e.g., error, deviation) for movement status information). The terminal can store the AI / ML-mobility parameters in a learning model. In other words, the terminal can update AI / ML-mobility setting information.

[0177] In boundary area 4 (806-4, 906) and / or boundary area 6 (806-6, 907), the cell switching procedure may be performed based on the above-described learning model-based mobility control / management method and procedure. When the learning model-based mobility control / management function operates, in order to prevent the performance of unnecessary mobility procedures (e.g., cell switching procedures), the communication node and / or terminal may request the suspension of the mobility procedure (e.g., cell switching procedure) in the boundary area, or instruct the suspension (or holding) of the mobility procedure (e.g., cell switching procedure). Alternatively, the communication node and / or terminal may not perform the mobility procedure (e.g., cell switching procedure) in the boundary area. For example, the mobility status of the terminal, the load status of the network, and / or the quality status of the wireless channel may be identified based on stored data or the inference result of the learning model, and the communication node and / or terminal may temporarily suspend the provision of a service based on the identified status. Alternatively, the communication node and / or terminal may determine that continuous service provision is possible without performing a mobility procedure (e.g., a cell switching procedure) by changing the service performance / service speed (e.g., data transmission speed, MCS (modulation and coding scheme) level) based on the verified status. In this case, the communication node and / or terminal may request or instruct the suspension of the mobility procedure (e.g., a cell switching procedure) in the mobility control / management procedure. Alternatively, the communication node and / or terminal may not perform the mobility procedure (e.g., a cell switching procedure). A request to suspend a mobility procedure (e.g., a cell switching procedure), an instruction to suspend a mobility procedure (e.g., a cell switching procedure), and / or non-performance of a mobility procedure (e.g., a cell switching procedure) may be applied only during a preset time point (e.g., a preset time interval) when a preset condition is met.

[0178] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a mobility control operation according to changes in wireless channel quality in the movement path of the terminal (804-2) of FIG. 8.

[0179] Referring to FIG. 10, a terminal (804-2) moving along a movement path (807-2) of FIG. 8 can move from a ground node service area (802-2) (e.g., a service area of ​​a small node (803-4)) to an air node service area (802-1). In other words, the terminal (804-2) can pass through "boundary area 7 (806-7, 1003) → boundary area 5 (806-5, 1004) → boundary area 4 (806-4, 1005) → boundary area 3 (806-3, 1006)".

[0180] Based on the function support method of the above-described learning model, a terminal in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state can camp on a small node (803-4) within a ground node service area (802-2). The terminal can receive AI / ML-mobility configuration information from the small node (803-4). A terminal in an RRC-connected state that is already receiving service from the small node (803-4), a terminal that has transitioned to an RRC-connected state to resume a suspended service, and / or a terminal that has transitioned to an RRC-connected state to receive a new service can receive AI / ML-mobility configuration information from the small node (803-4), which is a serving cell, via a dedicated control message. In other words, the serving small node (803-4) can transmit a dedicated control message including the AI / ML-mobility configuration information to the terminal.

[0181] Based on the above-described method, the terminal (804-2) and / or the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4) can estimate (e.g., predict) whether the terminal (804-2) enters boundary area 7 (806-7), boundary area 5 (806-5), boundary area 4 (806-4), and / or boundary area 3 (806-3) in the movement path (807-2) by using a learning model based on channel quality, time information, distance information, etc. The connection control procedure and / or the mobility management procedure may be performed before the terminal (804-2) arrives at the boundary area. Alternatively, the connection control procedure and / or the mobility management procedure may be performed simultaneously with the terminal (804-2) entering the boundary area. The connection control procedure and / or the mobility management procedure may be collectively referred to as a mobility procedure. For example, a terminal (804-2) in an RRC inactive state can perform a camping cell change procedure for the corresponding communication node at the same time as entering the boundary areas (806-7, 806-5, 806-4, and 806-3). A terminal (804-2) and / or a communication node (803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4) in an RRC connected state can perform a serving communication node change procedure (e.g., a switching procedure, a mobility procedure) or a serving communication node additional connection procedure (e.g., a dual connection procedure, a multi-RAT connection procedure) before the terminal (804-2) enters the boundary areas (806-7, 806-5, 806-4, 806-3). Alternatively, the terminal (804-2) and / or communication nodes (803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4) in an RRC connection state may perform a changing procedure of the serving communication node (e.g., a switching procedure, a mobility procedure) or an additional connection procedure of the serving communication node (e.g., a dual connection procedure, a multi-RAT connection procedure) at the same time as the terminal (804-2) enters the boundary area (806-7, 806-5, 806-4, 806-3).

[0182] Based on the above-described method, before reaching the boundary area 7 (806-7, 1003), the terminal (804-2) can periodically or aperiodically measure (e.g., calculate) the location of the terminal (804-2), the quality of the wireless channel of the communication node(s), the synchronization information of the communication node(s), the information of the preferred candidate beam / target beam, the information of the candidate cell / target cell / communication node, the distance information to the boundary area 7 (806-7, 1003), and / or the arrival prediction time information of the boundary area 7 (806-7, 1003), and can add, generate, and / or update the AI / ML-mobility parameters based on the measured information, and can report the AI / ML-mobility parameters to the small node (803-4) which is the serving cell. The small node (803-4) can receive AI / ML mobility parameters from the terminal (804-2).

[0183] The terminal (804-2) can transmit AI / ML-mobility parameter and / or AI / ML-mobility reporting information for supporting learning model functions to the small node (803-4). The small node (803-4) can receive AI / ML-mobility parameter and / or AI / ML-mobility reporting information for supporting learning model functions from the terminal (804-2). The small node (803-4) can transmit radio resource configuration information (e.g., radio resource configuration information for the terminal (804-2)) allocated by the macro node (803-1), which is a target communication node determined in boundary area 7 (806-7, 1003), to the terminal (804-2). The terminal (804-2) can receive radio resource configuration information allocated by the macro node (803-1) from the small node (803-4). In other words, the terminal (804-1), the small node (803-4) which is a serving cell, and / or the macro cell (803-1) which is a target cell can exchange control information (e.g., AI / ML-mobility configuration information, AI / ML-mobility parameters, and / or AI / ML-mobility reporting information) in advance to support learning model functions.

[0184] In a case where a cell switching procedure is performed from a serving cell, a small node (803-4), to a target cell, a macro node (803-1), based on a learning model according to the above-described method, the terminal (804-2) can perform the cell switching procedure without performing the "step of the terminal (804-2) transmitting a message requesting cell switching to the serving small node (803-4)" and / or the "step of the terminal (804-2) receiving a control message instructing cell switching to be performed from the serving small node (803-4) to the target macro node (803-1)". In other words, a terminal (804-2) that has entered boundary area 7 (806-7, 1003) can perform or complete a cell switching procedure (e.g., a mobility procedure) by transmitting an uplink channel to a target macro node (803-1) and / or receiving a downlink channel from the target macro node (803-1) without performing any control message transmission / reception procedure for a cell switching procedure (e.g., a mobility procedure) with a serving small node (803-4).

[0185] In order to establish uplink synchronization (e.g., uplink physical layer synchronization) between a terminal (804-2) that has entered boundary area 7 (806-7, 1003) and a target macro node (803-1) according to the learning-based cell switching procedure described above, the target macro node (803-1) may transmit uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information to the terminal (804-2). The terminal (804-2) may receive uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information from the target macro node (803-1). Alternatively, the serving small node (803-4) may transmit uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information for the target macro node (803-1) to the terminal (804-2) using the synchronization information of the communication node(s) received from the terminal. The terminal (804-2) may receive uplink physical channel transmission timing adjustment information from the serving small node (803-4).

[0186] Based on the above-described learning model-based mobility control / management method, cell switching procedures (e.g., mobility procedures) can be performed in boundary area 5 (806-5, 1004), boundary area 4 (806-4, 1005), and / or boundary area 3 (806-3, 1006).

[0187] The communication node (803-1, 803-2) and / or the terminal (804-2) can estimate (e.g., predict) the time required for the terminal (804-2) to arrive at boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007), the arrival time of the terminal (804-2) to arrive at boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007), and the distance from the location of the terminal (804-2) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) using the above-described learning model-based estimation / prediction technique. The boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007) may be a point where the terminal (804-2) leaves the ground node service area (802-2) on the movement path (803-2). The terminal (804-2) may periodically or aperiodically update, generate, and / or store AI / ML-mobility parameters based on AI / ML-mobility configuration information set for a learning model-based mobility control / management function, and transmit AI / ML-mobility report information (e.g., AI / ML-mobility report information including AI / ML-mobility parameters) to a serving communication node. The serving communication node may receive AI / ML-mobility report information from the terminal (804-2). The AI / ML-mobility parameters may include at least one of location information of the terminal described above, wireless channel quality, event conditions set for mobility control, movement status information of the terminal, difference information (e.g., deviation information) between stored boundary point information (e.g., stored boundary area information) and measured (e.g., calculated) boundary point information (e.g., measured (e.g., calculated) boundary area information), movement time information, required time information, or movement distance information.

[0188] Considering the movement status information of the terminal (804-2), the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2) can transmit to the terminal (804-2) an estimation result (e.g., a prediction result) regarding the time required for the terminal (804-2) to arrive at boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007) on the movement path (807-2) of the terminal (804-2), the arrival time of the terminal (804-2) to boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007), and / or the distance from the location of the terminal (804-2) to boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007). The terminal (804-2) can receive the estimation result from the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2). Considering the movement status information of the terminal (804-2), the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2) can transmit to the terminal (804-2) an estimation result (e.g., a prediction result) regarding the time required for the terminal (804-2) to arrive at boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) on the movement path (807-2) of the terminal (804-2), the arrival time of the terminal (804-2) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008), and / or the distance from the location of the terminal (804-2) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008). The terminal (804-2) can receive the estimation result from the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2). The boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) may be a point where the public node service area (802-1) begins.

[0189] For a terminal in an RRC connection state, a communication node (803-1, 803-2) can transmit estimation result information (e.g., prediction result information) to the terminal using a dedicated control message (e.g., an RRC message, a MAC layer control message, and / or a physical layer control message). The estimation result information (e.g., prediction result information) transmitted via the dedicated control message may include "estimation result information (e.g., prediction result information) on the required time / arrival time from the current position of the terminal (or, boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007) on the movement path (803-2)) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) (or, service initiation time according to the trajectory of the air node (801))" and / or "estimation result information (e.g., prediction result information) on the distance from the current position of the terminal (or, boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007) on the movement path (803-2)) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) (or, service initiation time according to the trajectory of the air node (801))".

[0190] For a terminal in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state, the communication node (803-1, 803-2) uses system information or a terminal state transition control message (e.g., an RRC connection re-establishment message, an RRC connection release message, and / or an RRC resume message) to "estimate result information (e.g., prediction result information) on the required time / arrival time from the boundary of the ground node service area (802-2) (e.g., boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007)) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) (or, a service start time recognized based on trajectory information and / or history information of the air node (801))" and / or "estimate result information (e.g., prediction result information) on the required time / arrival time from the boundary of the ground node service area (802-2) (e.g., boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007)) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) (or, air node (801)) It is possible to transmit to the terminal "estimation result information (e.g., prediction result information) regarding the distance to the recognized service initiation time based on the trajectory information and / or history information of the node (801)."

[0191] When the terminal (804-2) is in an RRC connection state receiving a service from a communication node (803-1, 803-2), the terminal (804-2) and / or the communication node (803-1, 803-2) can complete the service before the terminal (804-2) arrives at the boundary point 2 (806-2) on the movement path (803-2). The terminal (804-2) and / or the communication node (803-1, 803-2) can prepare for the terminal (804-2) to enter the air node service area (802-1) and resume the service. For the above operation, the operation state of the terminal can transition to the RRC idle state or the RRC inactive state. In other words, the operation state of the terminal can be the RRC idle state or the RRC inactive state during the period from the end time of the previous service to the start time of the next service. The terminal may be in OoS state during the period from the end time of the previous service to the start time of the next service.

[0192] The terminal (804-2) may arrive at boundary point 2 (806-2) at the predicted time (1007) signaled by the communication nodes (803-1, 803-2) in the ground node service area (802-2). In this case, the terminal (804-2) may determine whether its location is located within the ground node service area (802-2). For example, the terminal (804-2) may measure the wireless channel quality for the communication node (803-1), which is a serving cell (or camping cell). If the measured wireless channel quality is below the reference condition for determining whether it is located within the ground node service area (802-2), the terminal (804-2) may determine that it has left the ground node service area (802-2). In other words, the terminal (804-2) may determine that it is in an OoS state for the ground node service area (802-2). The reference condition (e.g., the reference condition for determining whether the terminal (804-2) is in the OoS state) may be a cell / node detection criterion (1001) for a cell search procedure, a cell camping condition (1011), and / or a reference value for determining the OoS state. The cell camping condition (1011) may be a condition for a cell (re)selection procedure of a terminal in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state. The terminal (804-2) may arrive at the boundary point 1 (806-1) late before or after the predicted time (1007) signaled from the communication node. Regardless of the time of arrival at the boundary point 1 (806-1), the terminal (804-2) may determine whether the terminal (804-2) is in the OoS state for the air node service area (802-1) according to the above-described method.

[0193] A terminal (804-2) in OoS state can periodically or aperiodically measure (e.g., calculate) the travel time, distance, and direction of movement from boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007) to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) while moving, and can add, generate, and / or update AI / ML-mobility parameters based on the measurement information. Based on the AI / ML-mobility configuration information for a terminal in RRC inactive state or RRC idle state, the terminal (804-2) can reduce unnecessary power consumption of the terminal by deactivating the cell search function while moving from the boundary of the ground node service area (802-2) (e.g., boundary point 2 (806-2)). In other words, during the period from the end time of the previous service to the start time of the next service, the terminal (804-2) may not perform a cell search procedure. The terminal (804-2) can perform a cell search procedure by activating a cell search function based on a turning / changing of its own movement direction and / or updated AI / ML mobility parameters. In other words, when the terminal (804-2) enters a new service area, the terminal (804-2) can perform a cell search procedure.

[0194] Terminal (804-2) can arrive at boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) of air node service area (802-1) via boundary point 2 (806-2, 1007) on the movement path (807-2). In this case, terminal (804-2) can receive service from air node (801). Terminal (804-2) can camp in air node service area (802-1). In other words, if it is determined that terminal (804-2) has entered air node service area (802-1), terminal (804-2) can camp in air node service area (802-1).

[0195] The terminal (804-2) can recognize that the terminal (804-2) is close to boundary point 1 (806-1, 1008) based on a learning model function based on AI / ML-mobility setting information acquired from a communication node in the ground node service area (802-2). In this case, the terminal (804-2) can activate a cell search function.

[0196] The terminal (804-2) may arrive at boundary point 1 (806-1) at T1 (1008-1) earlier than the predicted time (1008) indicated by the communication node of the ground node service area (802-2). Alternatively, the terminal (804-2) may arrive at boundary point 1 (806-1) at T2 (1008-2) later than the predicted time (1008) indicated by the communication node of the ground node service area (802-2). The terminal (804-2) may determine whether the terminal (804-2) belongs to the air node service area (802-1) according to the method described above, regardless of the time of arrival at boundary point 1 (806-1). The terminal (804-2) may perform the cell search procedure according to the method described above, regardless of the time of arrival at boundary point 1 (806-1). Based on the results of the cell search procedure, when the wireless channel quality of the air node (801) is higher than or equal to the cell camping condition (1011) at a point (1008-2), the terminal (804-2) can camp on the air node (801). The terminal (804-2) in the RRC inactive state or RRC idle state can receive AI / ML-mobility configuration information from the air node (801) on which it has camped.

[0197] To resume a suspended service or receive a new service, the terminal (804-2) can transition to an RRC connected state by performing an access procedure. The terminal (804-2) in the RRC connected state can receive AI / ML-mobility configuration information from the serving cell, the air node (801), using a dedicated control message, and can receive the requested service from the serving cell, the air node (801). The dedicated control message transmitted by the air node (801) can include AI / ML-mobility configuration information.

[0198] If the air node service area (802-1) and the ground node service area (802-2) do not overlap, the terminal (804-6) may be located in an area where no service is provided. The terminal (804-1) moving along the movement path (807-1) may be located in an area where no service is provided. The terminal (804-2) moving along the movement path (807-2) may be located in an area where no service is provided. The terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-6) located in an area where no service is provided may perform a cell search procedure according to the conditions set for the terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-6) to find a camping cell or a serving cell. In this case, the battery power consumption of the terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-6) may continuously increase. To address the above issue, unnecessary cell search functions of the terminal can be disabled in areas (e.g., OoS) other than the air node service area (802-1) and the ground node service area (802-2). Therefore, increased power consumption of the terminal can be mitigated.

[0199] For example, based on the learning model according to the above-described method, the communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2) and / or the terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-6) can estimate (e.g., predict) whether the terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-6) enter a boundary point (e.g., boundary point 1 (806-1), boundary point 2 (806-2)) of the service area of ​​the communication nodes based on channel quality information, time information, and / or distance information. The communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2) can transmit information about the boundary points (806-1, 806-2) of the service areas of the communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2) to the terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-6). The terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-6) can receive information about the boundary points (806-1, 806-2) of the service area from the communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2). The information about the boundary points (806-1, 806-2) may be geographic location information. Alternatively, the information about the boundary points (806-1, 806-2) may mean the current location of the terminal based on the movement status information of the terminal, the time required / arrival time from the boundary of the service area (e.g., the boundary point) to the boundary of another service area (e.g., the boundary point), and / or an estimation result (e.g., a prediction result) for the distance from the boundary of the service area (e.g., the boundary point) to the boundary of another service area (e.g., the boundary point).

[0200] According to the above-described method, based on information about the boundary (e.g., boundary point) of the air node service area (802-1) or the ground node service area (802-2) received from the communication node and / or information estimated by the terminal (e.g., required time, arrival time, and / or distance), the terminal may not perform an unnecessary cell search procedure. If the movement status information of the terminal changes, the terminal may perform a cell search procedure according to existing setting conditions (e.g., basic setting conditions). The change in the movement status information may mean that at least one of the movement speed, movement trajectory, movement path, movement direction, origin, waypoint, or destination included in the movement status information is changed.

[0201] Based on the above-described method and learning model function support, the terminal can recognize that it is not within either the air node service area or the ground node service area. In this case, the terminal can disable the cell search function to avoid performing unnecessary cell search functions. The terminal can exchange control messages with the communication node and determine whether the service area conditions are satisfied based on stored information, location information, and / or movement status information. If the service area conditions are satisfied, the terminal can activate the cell search function to perform the cell search procedure for service initiation or camping.

[0202] Based on the learning model described above, the communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4) and / or terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-3, 804-4, 804-5, 804-6) can improve the prediction accuracy for the time when the terminal arrives at or approaches a boundary point (806-1, 806-2) and / or a boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-5, 806-6, 806-7) on the movement path (806-1, 806-2). For example, according to the above-described method, the terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-3, 804-4, 804-5, 804-6) can transmit quality information of a wireless channel, movement status information of the terminals, location information (e.g., geographic location information, location information measured based on a reference signal, location information measured based on a sensor), and / or arrival time information for a specific location to the communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4). The communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4) can receive the above-described information from the terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-3, 804-4, 804-5, 804-6).

[0203] The movement status information of the terminal may include at least one of a movement speed, a movement trajectory, a movement path, a movement direction, a starting point, a waypoint, or a destination. The movement direction may be information about the direction in which the terminal is moving. The movement direction may be expressed in the form of a direction of east, west, south, or north (e.g., southeast, north-northwest), a direction based on an angle (e.g., 360 degrees) (e.g., 10 degree direction, 90 degree direction), and / or a direction based on a clock (e.g., 1 o'clock direction, 6 o'clock direction). The directions of east, west, south, or north may be set (e.g., indicated) based on the magnetic north according to the Earth's magnetic field or the north direction indicated on a map. The direction based on an angle and / or the direction based on a clock may be set based on the current moving direction of the terminal. Alternatively, the direction based on an angle and / or the direction based on a clock may be set based on the distance, location, etc. between wireless network(s), communication node(s), and / or terminal(s). Information about a point of origin, a waypoint, and / or a destination may be geographic location information. Alternatively, information about a point of origin, a waypoint, and / or a destination may be expressed in the form of "distance information from the location of a communication node and / or terminal to or from the corresponding point" and / or "time information from the location of a communication node and / or terminal to the corresponding point." For example, distance information may be expressed in the form of "location of a communication node and / or terminal" or "predicted distance from the point of origin of a terminal to the waypoint or destination." Time information may be expressed in the form of "location of a communication node and / or terminal," "predicted time required for a terminal to move from the point of origin to the waypoint or destination considering movement status information," and / or "time (e.g., predicted time) at which a terminal arrives at the waypoint or destination considering movement status information."

[0204] Communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4) can predict the time at which a terminal arrives at or approaches a boundary point (806-1, 806-2) and / or a boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-5, 806-6) on a movement path by utilizing information received from terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-3, 804-4, 804-5, 804-6), OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) information received from a wireless network, and storage information of the communication nodes as input parameters or parameters of a learning model. The communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4) can control or instruct connection control and mobility function support (e.g., beam switching, multi-beam setup, switching of communication nodes, dual connectivity, redundant transmission setup, and / or multi-RAT connection) for the corresponding terminal based on the predicted time.

[0205] The terminals (804-1, 804-2, 804-3, 804-4, 804-5, 804-6) can receive information (e.g., boundary information) about boundary points (806-1, 806-2) and / or boundary areas (806-3, 806-4, 806-5, 806-6, 806-7) on the movement path of the terminals from the communication nodes (801, 803-1, 803-2, 803-3, 803-4). The boundary information may include "geopolitical location information for the boundary point (806-1, 806-2) and / or the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-5, 806-6, 806-7)", "prediction information for the time at which the terminal arrives at the boundary point (806-1, 806-2) and / or the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-5, 806-6, 806-7)", and / or "reference information (e.g., a reference value) of wireless channel quality for recognizing the boundary point (806-1, 806-2) and / or the boundary area (806-3, 806-4, 806-5, 806-6, 806-7)".

[0206] In a cell switching procedure for a terminal in an RRC connection state to change a serving cell (e.g., a serving communication node) to a target cell (e.g., a target communication node) or a cell (re)selection procedure performed by a terminal in a non-RRC connection state, the terminal may generate the AI / ML-mobility configuration information described above. The terminal may transmit (e.g., report) the AI / ML-mobility configuration information to a communication node, if necessary. The communication node may receive the AI / ML-mobility configuration information from the terminal. The communication node may transmit priority information for selecting a target cell in the cell switching procedure or a camping cell in the cell (re)selection procedure to the terminal. The terminal may receive the priority information from the communication node. The priority information may include "information on which node among a ground node and an air node is to be selected with priority" and / or "information on which frequency (e.g., a frequency band) among a frequency (e.g., a frequency band) of a ground node and a frequency (e.g., a frequency band) of an air node is to be selected with priority."

[0207] The AI / ML-mobility parameters transmitted by the terminal to the communication node, the AI / ML-mobility reporting information for supporting learning model functions, the AI / ML-mobility configuration information, and / or the cell switching (or beam switching) request message may include one or more of the information described in Table 1 below.

[0208]

[0209] The movement path information of a terminal may include the current location of the terminal along the movement path of the terminal, the terminal's waypoints, the terminal's destination, and / or the terminal's predicted next location information. The predicted next location information may refer to location information predicted after a preset time has elapsed and / or after the terminal has moved a preset distance. For example, the predicted next location information may be the terminal's predicted location 10 seconds (sec) from the terminal's current location. The predicted next location information may be the terminal's predicted location after the terminal has moved 100 meters (meters) from the current location. The preset time and / or the preset distance may be set by the communication node. Information about the preset time and / or the preset distance may be included in the movement path information of the terminal together with the terminal's next location information. The terminal's location information may be a geographic location based on a positioning signal, a relative location along the movement path, a location indicated based on the terminal's movement direction along the movement path, a location indicated based on wireless channel quality, and / or a location indicated based on the measurement results of a built-in sensor.

[0210] Cell switching timing information may be information about the time at which the terminal accesses the target cell and / or information about the time at which the terminal leaves the serving cell. Information about the time at which the terminal accesses the target cell may refer to information about "the timing and / or time interval at which the terminal transmits an uplink channel to the target cell" and / or "the timing and / or time interval at which the terminal receives a downlink channel from the target cell." Information about the time at which the terminal remains in the serving cell may refer to information about "the timing and / or time interval at which the terminal stops transmitting an uplink channel to the serving cell" and / or "the timing and / or time interval at which the terminal stops receiving a downlink channel from the serving cell."

[0211] The terminal can measure (e.g., calculate) AI / ML-mobility information periodically or aperiodically, and add, generate, and / or update AI / ML-mobility parameters based on the AI / ML-mobility information. The terminal can transmit (e.g., report) a control message (e.g., a parameter, an AI / ML-mobility parameter) to a serving cell or a target cell in the form of an RRC control message, a MAC control message, and / or a field parameter of a physical layer control channel. Here, the RRC control message can be a cell switching request message, a periodic measurement report message, an aperiodic measurement report message, an RRC connection control message, a control message for RRC resumption, an RLF (radio link failure) report message, a control message for beam recovery, and / or a control message for routing area update. A MAC control message may mean a MAC control PDU (protocol data unit) for a MAC-based cell switching request and / or a MAC control PDU for reporting AI / ML-mobility parameters (e.g., AI / ML-mobility information, AI / ML-mobility reporting information).

[0212] A communication node may receive AI / ML mobility parameters, AI / ML mobility reporting information for supporting learning model functions, and / or a cell switching (or beam switching) request message from a terminal. In this case, the communication node may transmit a control message to the terminal indicating cell switching for a cell preferred by the terminal (e.g., a cell determined by the terminal). The terminal may receive the control message indicating cell switching from the communication node. The control message indicating cell switching may include one or more pieces of information as described in Table 2 below.

[0213]

[0214] The time information for which a terminal resides in a serving cell may refer to the aforementioned cell switching timing information. The location information of a terminal for performing cell switching may refer to the location information of the terminal for performing cell switching to a target cell.

[0215] A terminal can receive cell switching timing information from a communication node. The terminal can stop transmitting an uplink channel to a serving cell and / or receiving a downlink channel from the serving cell based on serving cell living time information indicated by the communication node. If target cell access time information indicated by the communication node and / or location information of the terminal for performing cell switching satisfies preset condition(s), the terminal can perform a cell switching procedure (e.g., cell switching operation) to the target cell. In other words, the terminal can perform a transmission operation of an uplink channel to the target cell and / or a reception operation of a downlink channel from the target cell.

[0216] When a communication node and / or a terminal supports a mobility function based on AI / ML-mobility information (e.g., AI / ML-mobility configuration information) and / or a learning model, the terminal can determine a target cell based on the AI / ML-mobility information and / or the learning model. In other words, the terminal can determine a target cell and / or a target beam based on consultation with the communication node, and can request switching for the determined target cell and / or the determined target beam. Alternatively, the terminal can determine a target cell and / or a target beam based on AI / ML-mobility information (e.g., AI / ML-mobility configuration information) and / or a learning model configured by a serving cell, and can request switching for the determined target cell and / or the determined target beam. The serving cell can transmit cell switching information (e.g., cell switching indication information) for the target cell determined by the terminal to the terminal, and can initiate a cell switching procedure to the target cell. The terminal can receive cell switching instruction information for a target cell selected by the terminal from the serving cell (e.g., configuration information for a target cell allocated (or scheduled) to the terminal), and perform a cell switching procedure to the target cell based on the cell switching instruction information.

[0217] A terminal can determine a target cell and perform a cell switching procedure (e.g., a cell switching operation) based on a forward handover scheme. In a cell switching procedure based on a forward handover scheme (hereinafter, referred to as a “UE-centric cell switching procedure”), the terminal may not transmit a control message requesting cell switching to the serving cell, and the terminal may directly transmit a control message requesting cell switching to the target cell to initiate a service from the target cell. Alternatively, the terminal may perform an access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure, an uplink physical layer synchronization acquisition procedure, and / or a radio resource allocation request procedure) with the target cell to initiate a service from the target cell. The radio resource allocation request procedure may mean a procedure in which the terminal transmits a control message and / or parameters requesting downlink and / or uplink radio resource allocation (e.g., scheduling) to the target cell.

[0218] In a UE-centric cell switching procedure, which is a cell switching procedure for a target cell without going through a serving cell (e.g., without controlling the serving cell), a terminal may transmit connection setup information configured for a service provided in a previous serving cell to the target cell. A communication node may receive a control message requesting a UE-centric cell switching procedure from a terminal. In this case, before or after initiating a service for a terminal that has requested a UE-centric cell switching procedure, the communication node may use the connection setup information configured for a service provided in a previous serving cell received from the terminal to notify an entity of a core network that a UE-centric cell switching procedure is performed for the terminal. The communication node may update control information for supporting mobility functions for the terminal. A function for a UE-centric cell switching procedure may support a D(data) / C(control) separate cell switching function in connection setup between a communication node and a terminal. The D / C separation cell switching function may refer to a switching function that separates data (e.g., user-plane or traffic-plane) and control (e.g., control-plane) for a communication node to provide services to a terminal.

[0219] When a serving cell for a terminal is changed based on a UE-centric cell switching procedure, only connection configuration information and / or radio resource allocation information (e.g., radio resource scheduling information) for the user plane or traffic plane for the terminal may be changed for the target cell. The control plane configuration for the existing serving cell or anchor node may be maintained. Cell switching function for connection control may be supported without changing the control plane configuration for the existing serving cell or anchor node. When the D / C separate cell switching function is supported based on the UE-centric cell switching function, the communication node may provide service continuity for the terminal only by adding / changing the same MAC entity and / or a new MAC entity without changing the RRC performing node for the terminal. In this case, the control message for the cell switching operation between the terminal and / or the communication node may be a MAC layer control message. The MAC layer control message may mean a MAC control PDU or a MAC control PDU for cell switching (or beam switching) based on LTM (L1 / L2 triggered mobility).

[0220] For LTM-based cell switching (or beam switching), control messages for cell switching operations (or beam switching operations) between terminals and / or communication nodes can be transmitted and received using physical layer control signals (e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)), separately defined control signals, and / or separately defined reference signals. Each of the separately defined control signals and the separately defined reference signals can be transmitted via physical layer channels / signals.

[0221] When performing a cell switching procedure (e.g., cell switching operation) based on AI / ML-mobility information (e.g., AI / ML-mobility setting information) and / or a learning model based on the above-described method, the communication node and / or the terminal may estimate (e.g., predict) whether the terminal enters a boundary point and / or boundary area on the movement path, a target cell, a camping cell, cell switching timing information, etc. by using the terminal's location information, wireless channel quality, movement path information, movement time information, movement distance information, the time (e.g., predicted time) at which the terminal arrives at a specific point (e.g., boundary point, boundary area), the distance from the terminal's location to the specific point, and / or difference information (e.g., error, deviation) for movement status information included in the above-described AI / ML-mobility information.

[0222] The communication node and / or terminal estimating (e.g., predicting) the above-described information may mean inferring (e.g., predicting in advance) parameter values ​​for cell-level wireless channel quality, beam-level wireless channel quality, the location of the terminal (e.g., geographic location, relative location along a movement path, location indicated based on a movement direction, location indicated based on wireless channel quality, and / or location indicated based on measurements of built-in sensors), the movement status of the terminal, the travel time for the distance traveled by the terminal, the time for the terminal to arrive at a preset point, the distance from the location of the terminal to the preset point, etc., using AI / ML-mobility information and / or a learning model. In other words, the communication node and / or terminal may predict, within a certain range, parameter values ​​that are a result of performing an AI / ML-based learning model based on reported data, transmitted data, collected data, and / or AI / ML-mobility information.

[0223] A communication node and / or a terminal can determine a camping cell for cell (re)selection of a terminal that is not in an RRC connection state using measurement information, report information, and / or the result of performing an AI / ML-based learning model (e.g., predicted information). A terminal and / or a communication node in an RRC connection state can determine a target cell and / or cell switching timing information for cell switching, and exchange the determined information. The terminal can receive cell switching timing information (e.g., target cell access time and / or serving cell living time information) from the communication node, and perform a cell switching operation to a target cell indicated by the communication node or a target cell determined by the terminal itself (e.g., the terminal) based on the cell switching timing information.

[0224] When the mobility control / management function operates based on AI / ML mobility information and / or a learning model, the communication node and / or terminal can avoid unnecessary cell switching operations and / or frequent cell switching operations. The communication node and / or terminal can request the suspension of the cell switching operation in the boundary area and / or instruct the suspension (or holding) of the cell switching operation. Alternatively, the communication node and / or terminal can avoid unnecessary cell switching operations by performing the cell switching operation according to the cell switching timing information. For example, based on stored data or the inference result of the learning model (e.g., the movement status of the terminal, the location information of the terminal, the quality status of the wireless channel, the load status of the network, and / or the OAM information of the network), the communication node and / or terminal can determine the optimal target cell, the location of the terminal for cell switching, and / or cell switching timing information. The communication node can transmit a control message instructing cell switching to the target cell. A control message indicating cell switching transmitted by a communication node may include information on a target cell, location information of a terminal for cell switching, and / or cell switching timing information. The terminal may receive the above-described information (e.g., the above-described parameters) from the communication node. If the location of the terminal on the movement path matches the location indicated by the communication node and / or if a condition according to the cell switching timing information in the time domain is satisfied, the terminal may perform a cell switching operation to the target cell.

[0225] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating a mobility control procedure.

[0226] Referring to FIG. 11, a random access procedure or a resume procedure between a terminal and a base station may be performed in S1101. In other words, an RRC connection establishment procedure or an RRC (re)configuration procedure between a terminal and a base station may be performed in S1101. The base station may include a CU and a DU, the CU may include cell 1 and cell 2, cell 1 may include TRP1 and TRP2, and cell 2 may include TRP3. When S1101 is completed, the terminal may be connected to cell 1 of the base station. In S1102, the terminal may perform downlink communication (e.g., PDCCH reception and / or PDSCH reception) with cell 1 of the base station. In S1103, the terminal may perform uplink communication (e.g., PUCCH transmission and / or PUSCH transmission) with cell 1 of the base station. Cell 1 can perform downlink communication and / or uplink communication with a terminal through one or more TRPs (e.g., TRP1 and / or TRP2).

[0227] At S1104, the cell 1 of the base station can transmit a beam measurement report instruction (e.g., a TRP measurement report instruction) to the terminal, and the terminal can receive the beam measurement report instruction from the cell 1 of the base station. At S1105-1, the terminal can report the L1 / L2 measurement results to the cell 1 based on the beam measurement report instruction. Alternatively, S1104 may be omitted. In this case, at S1105-1, the terminal can report the L1 / L2 measurement results to the cell 1 without the beam measurement report instruction. In other words, when a specific event occurs, the terminal can report the L1 / L2 measurement results to the cell 1 without the beam measurement report instruction. At S1105-1, the cell 1 can receive the L1 / L2 measurement results from the terminal. At S1105-2, the cell 1 can report the L3 measurement results to the CU, and the CU can receive the L3 measurement results from the cell 1. The L3 measurement results can be generated based on the L1 / L2 measurement results.

[0228] In S1106, the terminal may transmit a MAC-based cell switching request to cell 2, and cell 2 may receive the MAC-based cell switching request from the terminal. If it is determined that a cell switching operation is necessary, the terminal may transmit a MAC-based cell switching request to cell 2. In other words, the terminal may determine whether a cell switching operation is necessary based on AI / ML-mobility configuration information and / or measurement information (e.g., radio quality information). The base station (e.g., DU) may determine whether to perform a cell switching operation based on the MAC-based cell switching request of the terminal. For example, the base station (e.g., DU) may determine whether a cell switching operation is necessary based on AI / ML-mobility configuration information and / or radio quality information. If it is determined that a cell switching operation is to be performed (e.g., if it is determined that a cell switching operation is necessary), the DU may transmit cell change information (e.g., TRP change information, beam change information) to the CU (S1108). In S1108, the CU can receive cell change information (e.g., TRP change information, beam change information) from the DU.

[0229] If it is determined that a cell switching operation is to be performed (e.g., if it is determined that a cell switching operation is necessary), the DU may transmit a MAC-based cell switching request response to the terminal (S1109). The MAC-based cell switching request response may be transmitted from cell 1 (e.g., TRP1 and / or TRP2) and / or cell 2 (e.g., TRP3). In S1109, the terminal may receive the MAC-based cell switching request response from cell 1 and / or cell 2. If the MAC-based cell switching request response is received, the terminal may perform a cell switching operation to cell 2. If the cell switching operation is completed, downlink communication (e.g., PDCCH reception and / or PDSCH reception) and / or uplink communication (e.g., PUCCH transmission and / or PUSCH transmission) between the terminal and cell 2 may be performed in S1110.

[0230] In the present disclosure, wireless channel quality may be a Channel Status Indicator (CSI), a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), or a Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR). In other words, wireless channel quality may refer to signal quality in a wireless channel section. In the present disclosure, measurement results may be defined based on wireless channel quality.

[0231] In the present disclosure, prediction may mean predicting (e.g., inferring) the quality of a wireless channel at the cell level, the quality of a wireless channel at the beam level, the geographic location of a terminal, the movement status of a terminal, the travel time for the distance traveled by the terminal, the arrival time of the terminal at a preset point, etc., using AI / ML-mobility information and / or a learning model. In the present disclosure, a time point may mean time.

[0232] In the present disclosure, AI / ML-mobility information, AI / ML-mobility reporting information, AI / ML-mobility configuration information, and AI / ML-mobility parameters may be interpreted as identical information (e.g., identical parameters) depending on the context. Alternatively, in the present disclosure, AI / ML-mobility information, AI / ML-mobility reporting information, AI / ML-mobility configuration information, and AI / ML-mobility parameters may be interpreted as distinct information (e.g., distinct parameters) depending on the context.

[0233] In the present disclosure, the start, stop, reset, restart, and / or expire of a timer may mean or include a counter operation for the timer. In the present disclosure, the location information may mean geographic location information or geographical location information of a terminal measured using a satellite navigation device (e.g., GPS, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)), a geographic information system (GIS), a positioning technique, and / or sensor information. In other words, the location information of the terminal may mean geographic location information based on a positioning signal, relative location information in a moving path, location information indicated based on a moving direction of the terminal in a moving path, location information indicated based on wireless channel quality, and / or location information indicated based on a measurement result of a built-in sensor.

[0234] In the present disclosure, a communication node may refer to a communication node (e.g., a base station, an eNB, a gNB, a cell, an NTN node, an IAB node, a wireless access point (e.g., a TRP, an RRH, a relay, or a repeater, etc.)) to which functions of functional separation, carrier aggregation, dual connectivity, multi-RAT connectivity, and / or redundant transmission are applied. A terminal may be referred to as a UE, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a station, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a portable subscriber station, a node, a device, an IoT (Internet of Things) device, a mounted module, a mounted device, a mounted terminal, an onboard device, an onboard terminal, a wearable device, and / or an HMD.

[0235] The operations of the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented as a computer-readable program or code on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes any type of recording device that stores information readable by a computer system. Furthermore, a computer-readable recording medium can be distributed across network-connected computer systems, allowing the computer-readable program or code to be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0236] Additionally, the computer-readable recording medium may include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc. The program instructions may include not only machine language codes produced by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

[0237] While some aspects of the present disclosure have been described in the context of a device, they may also represent a description of a corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method may also be described as a corresponding block or item or a feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device, such as, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, at least one or more of the most significant method steps may be performed by such a device.

[0238] In embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field-programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In embodiments, the field-programmable gate array may operate in conjunction with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. In general, the methods are preferably performed by some hardware device.

[0239] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims below.

Claims

1. As a method of UE (user equipment), A step of receiving first AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning)-mobility setting information for mobility control from a first communication node; A step of identifying a first predicted time at which the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node based on the first AI / ML-mobility setting information; A step of determining whether the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node at the first predicted time; A step of confirming a second predicted time at which the UE enters a second service area of ​​a second communication node based on the first AI / ML-mobility setting information; and A step of performing a mobility procedure with the second communication node based on the second predicted time, UE's method.

2. In claim 1, The first AI / ML-mobility setting information includes at least one of information about a time when the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node, information about a time when the UE enters the second service area of ​​the second communication node, an event condition set for the mobility control, a geographical location set for the mobility control, or location information of an adjacent communication node. UE's method.

3. In claim 1, When the UE is in an RRC (radio resource control) connection state to the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information is received through a dedicated control message of the first communication node. UE's method.

4. In claim 1, When the UE is in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state with respect to the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information is received through the system information of the first communication node or the UE state transition control message. UE's method.

5. In claim 1, During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the cell search procedure of the UE is deactivated. UE's method.

6. In claim 1, During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the operation state of the UE is an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state. UE's method.

7. In claim 1, When the UE enters the second service area, the mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node is performed without exchanging a control message for supporting the mobility procedure between the UE and the first communication node. UE's method.

8. In claim 1, The mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node is performed before or at the second predicted time. UE's method.

9. In claim 1, Further comprising a step of receiving wireless resource setting information allocated by the second communication node from the first communication node, The above wireless resource setting information is used for transmission and reception of at least one of the downlink scheduling information or timing information of the second communication node. UE's method.

10. In claim 1, If the mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node is completed, further comprising the step of receiving second AI / ML-mobility setting information for the mobility control from the second communication node. UE's method.

11. In claim 10, A step of updating AI / ML-mobility parameters based on the second AI / ML-mobility setting information; and Further comprising the step of transmitting AI / ML-mobility reporting information including updated AI / ML-mobility parameters to the second communication node. UE's method.

12. In claim 1, The above mobility procedure is a cell switching procedure, a beam switching procedure, an access procedure, a cell selection procedure, a cell reselection procedure, or a handover procedure, and each of the first communication node and the second communication node is a base station, a cell, or a transmission and reception point (TRP). UE's method.

13. As a UE (user equipment), Contains at least one processor, At least one of the above processes is the UE, Receive first AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning)-mobility setting information for mobility control from the first communication node; Based on the first AI / ML-mobility setting information, the UE determines a first predicted time at which the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node; At the first predicted time, determine whether the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node; Based on the above first AI / ML-mobility setting information, the UE determines a second predicted time at which the UE enters a second service area of ​​a second communication node; and Causing the second communication node to perform a mobility procedure based on the second predicted time. UE.

14. In claim 13, The first AI / ML-mobility setting information includes at least one of information about a time when the UE leaves the first service area of ​​the first communication node, information about a time when the UE enters the second service area of ​​the second communication node, an event condition set for the mobility control, a geographical location set for the mobility control, or location information of an adjacent communication node. UE.

15. In claim 13, When the UE is in an RRC (radio resource control) connection state to the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information is received through a dedicated control message of the first communication node. UE.

16. In claim 13, When the UE is in an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state with respect to the first communication node, the first AI / ML-mobility configuration information is received through the system information of the first communication node or the UE state transition control message. UE.

17. In claim 13, During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the cell search procedure of the UE is deactivated. UE.

18. In claim 13, During the period from the first prediction time to the second prediction time, the operation state of the UE is an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state. UE.

19. In claim 13, When the UE enters the second service area, the mobility procedure between the UE and the second communication node is performed without exchanging a control message for supporting the mobility procedure between the UE and the first communication node. UE.

20. In claim 13, At least one processor of the UE, Further causing the second communication node to receive wireless resource setting information allocated by the second communication node from the first communication node, The above wireless resource setting information is used for transmission and reception of at least one of the downlink scheduling information or timing information of the second communication node. UE.

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