Fire extinguishing structure of battery module

Abstract

Provided in the present application is a fire extinguishing structure of a battery module. The fire extinguishing structure comprises a housing, a battery pack, a flow guide channel, a fan and an expandable thermal insulation material layer, wherein an air inlet of the housing is located on a first end face, and an air outlet thereof is located on a second end face, with an accommodating space communicating between the air inlet and the air outlet; the battery pack is accommodated in the accommodating space; the flow guide channel communicates between the first end face, the accommodating space and the second end face, and is configured to guide an airflow in a flow guide direction from the first end face to the second end face; the fan is arranged adjacent to the air inlet or the air outlet, and is configured to generate an airflow that passes through the flow guide channel and the accommodating space, so as to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack; the expandable thermal insulation material layer is arranged on a side wall of the flow guide channel, and is configured to react at a reaction temperature and expand so as to seal the flow guide channel; and an included angle formed between the normal direction of the expandable thermal insulation material layer and the flow guide direction is not less than 90 degrees.

Description

Battery module fire extinguishing structure Technical Field

[0001] This case involves a battery assembly structure, and more specifically, a fire extinguishing structure of a battery module. By disposing a layer of expandable thermal insulation material on the side walls of a flow-guiding channel, the expandable thermal insulation material layer not only blocks airflow by expanding when subjected to abnormal heat, but also prevents accidental contact with internal heat sources without affecting the heat dissipation efficiency of normal airflow. Background Art

[0002] Today's electronic cabinets are often equipped with a battery energy storage system (BESS), which provides a data backup battery unit (BBU). Traditional data backup battery units contain battery packs and DC / DC modules. Because the internal components need to dissipate heat, fans are installed at the front or back of the module, and ventilation holes are provided on the front and back sides of the module housing. When the internal components of the battery energy storage system experience thermal runaway, high-temperature flammable gases and flames will be generated. These high-temperature flammable gases and the accompanying flames may escape through the ventilation holes in the front and back of the data backup battery module. However, the escape of open flames increases the risk of external combustion of the system and fire in the computer room. According to the safety requirements of battery energy storage systems, it is necessary to prevent open flames from escaping when internal components experience thermal runaway.

[0003] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a battery module fire extinguishing structure. By arranging the expandable insulation material layer corresponding to the side wall of the guide channel, in addition to blocking the airflow by the expansion of the expandable insulation material layer when abnormally heated, the arrangement of the expandable insulation material layer further avoids the possibility of accidental contact with the internal heat source, does not affect the heat dissipation efficiency of the normal airflow, and solves the shortcomings of the existing technology.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this case is to provide a fire-proof battery module fire extinguishing structure. By arranging the expandable insulation material layer corresponding to the side wall of the guide channel, in addition to blocking the airflow through the expansion of the expandable insulation material layer when abnormally heated, the arrangement of the expandable insulation material layer also avoids the possibility of accidental contact with the internal heat source and does not affect the heat dissipation efficiency of normal airflow.

[0006] Another objective of this application is to provide a battery module fire extinguishing structure. An intumescent flame-retardant sticker is used as the intumescent insulation material layer. Since its initial thickness ranges from 0.51mm to 0.54mm, it can be easily attached to the air guide assembly, which comprises the internal air guide iron components of the data backup battery unit. Symmetrically positioned on opposite sides of the air guide channel, it does not affect the heat dissipation efficiency of the normal airflow within the channel. Furthermore, the intumescent flame-retardant sticker utilizes its properties to expand when subjected to abnormal heat, thereby sealing the channel and preventing flames from escaping. The intumescent flame-retardant sticker has a reaction temperature range of 200°C to 550°C. When the abnormal temperature reaches above 200°C, it rapidly carbonizes and expands to form a protective layer, effectively blocking the combustion-supporting gas in the enclosed space. Furthermore, as the internal temperature increases, the reactive material of the intumescent flame-retardant sticker expands more rapidly, forming a flame-retardant layer at least thirty times its original size. The porous flame-retardant layer achieves excellent flame retardancy.

[0007] Another purpose of this case is to provide a battery module fire extinguishing structure. By setting up a guide channel formed by a guide component, the airflow can be smoothly guided through the interior of the shell to effectively dissipate the heat generated by the battery pack. At the same time, the expansion heat insulation material layer can be easily attached thereto, and the angle formed by the normal direction of the expansion heat insulation material layer and the guide direction is not less than 90 degrees. Therefore, the expansion heat insulation material layer can be attached to the side baffle or the central diversion curved plate of the guide component without affecting the normal airflow in the guide channel, facing the front end and away from the accommodating space, to avoid the heat source generated by the battery pack or internal components accidentally touching the protective mechanism of the expansion heat insulation material layer structure. Furthermore, due to the characteristics of the expansion heat insulation material layer, when it is abnormally heated, it expands and seals the guide channel near the air inlet, blocking the airflow supply and effectively exerting the flame retardant effect.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, a broader embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module fire extinguishing structure, comprising a housing, a battery pack, a flow guide channel, a fan, and an expandable heat-insulating material layer. The housing has a first end face and a second end face opposite to each other, an air inlet, an air outlet, and a storage space, wherein the air inlet is located on the first end face, the air outlet is located on the second end face, and the storage space is connected between the air inlet and the air outlet. The battery pack is accommodated in the storage space. The flow guide channel is connected between the first end face and the storage space, or / and between the second end face and the storage space, and is configured to guide an airflow along a flow direction from the first end face to the second end face. The fan is disposed adjacent to the air inlet or the air outlet, and is configured to generate an airflow through the flow guide channel and the storage space to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack. The expandable heat-insulating material layer is disposed on a side wall of the flow guide channel, and is configured to react and expand at a reaction temperature to close the flow guide channel, wherein a normal direction of the expandable heat-insulating material layer forms an angle of not less than 90 degrees with the flow direction.

[0009] In one embodiment, the expansion insulation material layer includes a pair of expansion insulation material layers, which are respectively disposed on two opposite side walls of the diversion channel, and the angle formed by the normal direction of the pair of expansion insulation material layers and the diversion direction is equal to 90 degrees.

[0010] In one embodiment, the pair of expansion heat-insulating material layers are symmetrically disposed on the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the guide channel and / or the left side wall and the right side wall of the guide channel.

[0011] In one embodiment, the pair of expansion insulation material layers each have an initial thickness, and the guide channel has a guide distance between two opposite side walls, wherein the guide distance is less than or equal to thirty times the initial thickness.

[0012] In one embodiment, the intumescent thermal insulation material layer is an intumescent flame retardant sticker, and the reaction temperature range is between 200°C and 550°C.

[0013] In one embodiment, the battery module fire extinguishing structure also includes a guide component, which is arranged between the first end face and the accommodating space or / and between the accommodating space and the second end face, and is assembled to form a guide channel connecting between the first end face and the accommodating space or / and between the accommodating space and the second end face.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, a broader embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module fire extinguishing structure comprising a housing, a flow guide assembly, a battery pack, a fan, and an intumescent thermal insulation material layer. The housing has a first and second opposite end faces, an air inlet, an air outlet, and a storage space, wherein the air inlet is located on the first end face, the air outlet is located on the second end face, and the storage space is connected between the air inlet and the air outlet. The flow guide assembly is disposed between the first end face and the storage space, and the assembly forms a flow guide channel that connects the first end face and the storage space. The battery pack is accommodated in the storage space, located between the flow guide assembly and the second end face. The fan is disposed adjacent to the air inlet or the air outlet, and the assembly generates airflow that flows through the flow guide channel and the storage space along a flow direction from the first end face to the second end face to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack. The intumescent thermal insulation material layer is attached to the flow guide assembly and is assembled to expand upon reaction at a reaction temperature, thereby sealing the flow guide channel. The normal direction of the intumescent thermal insulation material layer forms an angle of no less than 90 degrees with the flow direction.

[0015] In one embodiment, the guide assembly includes a pair of baffles, which are obliquely arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, wherein the first end of the pair of baffles is connected to the shell, and the second end of the pair of baffles is inclined toward the accommodating space. The pair of baffles have an outer oblique surface and an inner oblique surface, the outer oblique surface faces the first end surface, and the inner oblique surface faces the accommodating space. The pair of baffles form an acute angle with the inner plane of the shell, and the expansion insulation material layer is arranged on the outer oblique surface and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expansion insulation material layer and the guide direction is greater than 90 degrees.

[0016] In one embodiment, the guide assembly further includes a pair of extensions, each extending from the second end of the pair of baffles toward the accommodating space, wherein an angle formed by the pair of extensions relative to the inner plane of the shell is smaller than an acute angle formed by the pair of baffles and the inner plane of the shell.

[0017] In one embodiment, the guide assembly includes a pair of baffles, which are perpendicularly arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, and the pair of baffles have an outer plane and an inner plane, the outer plane faces the first end face, and the inner plane faces the accommodating space. The expansion insulation material layer is arranged on the outer plane and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expansion insulation material layer and the guide direction is equal to 180 degrees.

[0018] In one embodiment, the guide assembly includes a curved plate disposed between the pair of baffles and the first end surface, with a convex surface of the curved plate facing the first end surface and a concave surface of the curved plate facing the pair of baffles and the accommodating space.

[0019] In one embodiment, the guide assembly includes a pair of baffles and a curved plate, wherein the pair of baffles are perpendicularly arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, and the pair of baffles have an outer plane and an inner plane, the outer plane faces the first end face, and the inner plane faces the accommodating space, wherein the curved plate is arranged between the pair of baffles and the first end face, wherein the convex surface of the curved plate faces the first end face, and the concave surface of the curved plate faces the pair of baffles and the accommodating space, and the expansion insulation material layer is arranged on the convex surface of the curved plate and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expansion insulation material layer and the guide direction is equal to 180 degrees.

[0020] In one embodiment, the guide assembly includes a pair of baffles and a curved plate, wherein the pair of baffles are perpendicularly arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, and the pair of baffles have an outer plane and an inner plane, the outer plane faces the first end face, and the inner plane faces the accommodating space and the curved plate, wherein the curved plate is arranged between the pair of baffles and the accommodating space, wherein the concave surface of the curved plate faces the pair of baffles and the first end face, and the convex surface of the curved plate faces the accommodating space, and the expansion insulation material layer is arranged on the concave surface of the curved plate and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expansion insulation material layer and the guide direction is equal to 180 degrees.

[0021] In one embodiment, the intumescent thermal insulation material layer is an intumescent flame retardant sticker, and the reaction temperature ranges from 200°C to 550°C.

[0022] In one embodiment, the volume expansion rate of the expandable heat-insulating material layer at the reaction temperature is greater than thirty times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The following detailed description of the present invention and the schematic diagrams of the embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the above contents and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] FIG1 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIG6 is a cross-sectional view showing a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e: Battery module fire extinguishing structure 10: Housing 101: First end surface 102: Second end surface 11: Air inlet 12: Air outlet 13: Accommodation space 20: Battery pack 30: Air guide channel 31: Front air guide channel 32: Rear air guide channel 40, 40a: Fan 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d: Expanded thermal insulation material layer 60, 70: Air guide component 8 0, 80a, 80b, 80c: guide assembly 81: baffle 811: outer bevel 812: inner bevel 813: first end 814: second end 815: extension 82: baffle 821: outer plane 822: inner plane 83: curved plate 831: convex surface 832: concave surface 84: curved plate 841: concave surface 842: convex surface A: acute angle B: angle D: guide spacing F: airflow N: normal direction T: initial thickness X, Y, Z: axes α: angle DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Some exemplary embodiments embodying the features and advantages of this invention will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that this invention is capable of various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of this invention, and that the description and drawings herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting, of this invention. For example, if the following description of this invention describes a first feature positioned above or above a second feature, this includes embodiments in which the first and second features are in direct contact, as well as embodiments in which additional features may be positioned between the first and second features, such that the first and second features are not in direct contact. Furthermore, reference symbols and / or designations may be repeated across different embodiments of this invention. This repetition is for simplicity and clarity and is not intended to limit the relationships between the various embodiments and / or the described exterior structures. Furthermore, to facilitate descriptions of the relationships between one component or feature and another component or features in the drawings, spatially related terms such as "inside," "outside," "front," "back," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar terms may be used. In addition to the orientations shown in the drawings, spatially relative terms are used to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. The device may also be positioned differently (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the description of the spatially relative terms used may be interpreted accordingly. In addition, when a component is referred to as being "connected to" or "coupled to" another component, it may be directly connected to or coupled to the other component, or there may be an intervening component. In addition, it is understood that although terms such as "first" and "second" may be used in the scope of the patent application to describe different components, these components should not be limited by these terms, and the components described accordingly in the embodiments are represented by different component symbols. These terms are intended to distinguish different components. For example, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component without departing from the scope of the embodiments. The term "and / or" used in this manner includes any or all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0032] FIG1 shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1 is applied to, for example, a backup battery unit (BBU) in a battery energy storage system (BESS), and includes a housing 10, a battery pack 20, a guide channel 30, a fan 40, and an expansion insulation material layer 50. The housing 10 is, for example, a battery module housing (module housing / chassis), having a first end face 101 and a second end face 102 opposite to each other, an air inlet 11, an air outlet 12, and an accommodation space 13. The housing 10 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the first end face 101 and the second end face 102 are the front end face and the rear end face of the rectangular parallelepiped, respectively. In this embodiment, the air inlet 11 is located on the first end surface 101, the air outlet 12 is located on the second end surface 102, and the accommodating space 13 is connected between the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12. Of course, the size, type, number and arrangement of the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12 can be adjusted according to actual application requirements, and the present invention is not limited thereto. The battery pack 20, for example, includes a plurality of battery cells arranged and accommodated in the accommodating space 13. The guide channel 30, for example, includes a front guide channel 31 connected between the first end surface 101 and the accommodating space 13, or / and a rear guide channel 32 connected between the second end surface 102 and the accommodating space 13, so that the guide channel 30 can be assembled to guide an airflow F along a guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) from the first end surface 101 to the second end surface 102.

[0033] In this embodiment, a fan 40 is embedded within the housing 10 and positioned adjacent to the air outlet 12. The fan 40 generates an airflow F through the air guide passages 30 (the front air guide passages 31 and the rear air guide passages 32) and the accommodating space 13 to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack 20. It should be noted that in other embodiments, the fan 40 may be positioned adjacent to the air inlet 11, or between the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12. Any configuration that can generate an airflow F through the air guide passages 30 (the front air guide passages 31 and the rear air guide passages 32) and the accommodating space 13 to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack 20 is suitable for this embodiment. For ease of explanation, the following embodiments illustrate only the fan 40 positioned adjacent to the air outlet 12 or the air inlet 11. This embodiment is not limited to this embodiment, but further description will be omitted. In this embodiment, an expandable thermal insulation material layer 50 is disposed on at least one sidewall of the flow channel 30 (front flow channel 31 or rear flow channel 32), and is configured to expand upon a reaction temperature to seal the flow channel 30 (front flow channel 31 or rear flow channel 32). A normal direction N of the expandable thermal insulation material layer 50 forms an angle α with the flow direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) of not less than 90 degrees.

[0034] In this embodiment, the expansive insulation material layers 50 are arranged in pairs, for example, including a pair of expansive insulation material layers 51 and 52, respectively disposed on the upper and lower opposing sidewalls of the front flow guide channel 31. Alternatively, the pair of expansive insulation material layers 53 and 54 may be respectively disposed on the upper and lower opposing sidewalls of the rear flow guide channel 32. In this manner, the normal direction N of the expansive insulation material layers 50, 51, 52, 53, and 54 is, for example, parallel to the Z-axis. That is, the angle α formed between the normal direction N of the expansive insulation material layers 50, 51, 52, 53, and 54 and the flow direction (i.e., the X-axis) is equal to 90 degrees. In another embodiment, the pair of expansive insulation material layers 50 are disposed, for example, on the left and right opposing sidewalls of the front flow guide channel 31 and the rear flow guide channel 32. In this way, the normal direction N of the expansion heat insulation material layer 50 is, for example, parallel to the Y-axis direction, that is, the angle α formed by the normal direction N of the expansion heat insulation material layer 50 and the guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is equal to 90 degrees. In other embodiments, the paired expansion heat insulation material layers 50 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the guide channel 30 or / and the left side wall and the right side wall of the guide channel 30. Since the angle α formed by the normal direction N of the expansion heat insulation material layer 50 and the guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is maintained equal to 90 degrees or greater than 90 degrees, the expansion heat insulation material layer 50 is attached to any side wall of the guide channel 30 without affecting the flow of normal airflow F in the guide channel 30. The airflow F generated by the fan 40 can effectively discharge the heat generated by the battery pack 20.

[0035] In this embodiment, the intumescent fire retardant material layer 50 is, for example, an intumescent fire retardant sticker, having an initial thickness T ranging from 0.51mm to 0.54mm and a reaction temperature range of 200°C to 550°C. The choice of intumescent fire retardant sticker as the intumescent insulation material layer 50 allows for easy symmetrical placement on the opposing sidewalls of the diversion channel 30, without disrupting the normal flow of air F within the diversion channel 30. Furthermore, utilizing the properties of the intumescent fire retardant sticker, the material expands when the intumescent insulation material layer 50 is abnormally heated, thereby sealing the diversion channel 30 and preventing flames from escaping. Furthermore, the reaction temperature range of the intumescent insulation material layer 50 is 200°C to 550°C. When the abnormal temperature reaches above 200°C, the intumescent insulation material layer 50 rapidly carbonizes and expands, forming a protective layer that effectively blocks the combustion-supporting gas within the enclosed space. In this embodiment, the flow channel 30 (front flow channel 31 or rear flow channel 32) has a flow-guiding distance D between its upper and lower opposing sidewalls. Preferably, the flow-guiding distance D is less than or equal to thirty times the initial thickness T. Because the volumetric expansion rate of the intumescent insulation layer 50 at the reaction temperature is greater than thirty times, as the abnormal temperature increases, the reacting material in the intumescent insulation layer 50 expands more rapidly to form a flame-retardant layer at least thirty times its original thickness. The porous flame-retardant layer effectively seals the front flow channel 31 or rear flow channel 32, forming a sealed space and achieving excellent flame retardancy.

[0036] It should be noted that the setting of the guide channel 30 (front guide channel 31 or rear guide channel 32) can be formed by utilizing the internal air guide iron parts of the data backup battery unit. In this embodiment, the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1 also includes a guide component 60 arranged between the first end face 101 and the accommodating space 13, and assembled to form the front guide channel 31 connecting between the first end face 101 and the accommodating space 13. The battery module fire extinguishing structure 1 may also include a guide component 70 arranged between the accommodating space 13 and the second end face 102, and assembled to form the rear guide channel 32 connecting between the accommodating space 13 and the second end face 102. The guide components 60 and 70 are not limited to being composed of the same or different air guide iron parts. Of course, the setting of the guide channel 30 can also be adjusted according to the actual application requirements. In this case, an intumescent flame retardant sticker is selected as the intumescent heat insulation material layer 50, and the setting can be completed without affecting the normal airflow F channel in the guide channel 30.

[0037] Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a battery module fire extinguishing structure 1a for a data backup battery unit in a battery energy storage system is provided. The structure comprises a housing 10, a flow guide assembly 80, a battery pack 20, a fan 40, and an intumescent insulation material layer 50a. The housing 10 has a first end face 101 and a second end face 102, an air inlet 11, an air outlet 12, and a storage space 13. The housing 10 may be, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, with the first end face 101 and the second end face 102 being the front and rear ends of the rectangular parallelepiped, respectively. In this embodiment, the air inlet 11 is located on the first end face 101, the air outlet 12 is located on the second end face 102, and the storage space 13 is connected between the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12. Of course, the size, type, number, and arrangement of the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12 can be adjusted according to actual application requirements and are not limited to this. In addition, the air guide assembly 80 is disposed between the first end surface 101 and the accommodating space 13, and is assembled to form a guide channel 30 that communicates between the first end surface 101 and the accommodating space 13. The battery pack 20, for example, includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array and accommodated within the accommodating space 13, located between the air guide assembly 80 and the second end surface 102. The fan 40 is embedded within the housing 10 and adjacent to the air outlet 12. The assembly generates an airflow F that flows along the air guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) from the first end surface 101 to the second end surface 102. The airflow F enters the guide channel 30 from the air inlet 11, flows through the accommodating space 13, and is discharged from the air outlet 12, thereby efficiently dissipating the heat generated by the battery pack 20. Of course, the fan 40 can also be embedded within the housing 10 and adjacent to the air inlet 11, which will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, the expansion insulation material layer 50a is adhered to the guide component 80, maintaining the angle α formed by the normal direction N of the expansion insulation material layer 50a and the guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) to be no less than 90 degrees, without affecting the flow of the airflow F in the guide channel 30, and can react and expand at an abnormal reaction temperature of 200°C to 550°C to close the guide channel 30.

[0038] In this embodiment, the flow guide assembly 80 includes a pair of baffles 81, which are obliquely disposed on the inner plane of the shell 10 and extend inward, symmetrically with each other. The first ends 813 of the pair of baffles 81 are connected to the inner plane of the shell 10, and the second ends 814 of the pair of baffles 81 are inclined toward the accommodating space 13. In this way, the pair of baffles 81 form an outer oblique surface 811 and an inner oblique surface 812. The outer oblique surface 811 faces the first end surface 101, and the inner oblique surface 812 faces the accommodating space 13. In this embodiment, the pair of baffles 81 form an acute angle A with the inner plane of the shell 10. The expansion insulation material layer 50a is disposed on the outer oblique surface 811 and faces away from the accommodating space 13. In other words, the angle α formed by the normal direction N of the expansion insulation material layer 50a and the flow guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is greater than 90 degrees. Therefore, the thin, intumescent flame-retardant sticker chosen for the intumescent insulation layer 50a can be easily applied to the outer sloped surfaces 811 of the paired baffles 81 without disrupting the normal flow of airflow F within the air guide channel 30. Furthermore, the intumescent insulation layer 50a faces away from the accommodating space 13, preventing heat generated by the battery pack 20 or internal components from accidentally triggering the intumescent insulation layer 50a's protective mechanism. The intumescent insulation layer 50a only expands when abnormally heated temperatures reach above 200°C, sealing the air guide channel 30 near the air inlet 11 and blocking the flow F, effectively achieving its flame retardant effect.

[0039] Figure 3 illustrates a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1b is similar to the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1a shown in Figure 2 , and like component numbers represent like components, structures, and functions, which will not be further described here. In this embodiment, the flow guide assembly 80a that forms the flow guide channel 30 further includes a pair of extensions 815. The extensions 815 extend from the second ends 814 of the pair of baffles 81 toward the accommodating space 13. The angle B formed by the extensions 815 relative to the inner plane of the housing 10 is smaller than the acute angle A formed by the baffles 81 and the inner plane of the housing 10. The provision of the extensions 815 enhances the heat dissipation effect of the airflow F on the battery pack 20 within the accommodating space 13 and further reduces the possibility of heat generated by the battery pack 20 or internal components accidentally triggering the protective mechanism of the expandable insulation material layer 50a. Of course, the extension length and angle range of the extensions 815 can be adjusted according to actual application requirements and are not limited to this.

[0040] Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1c is similar to the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1a shown in Figure 2 , and like component numbers represent like components, structures, and functions, which will not be further described here. In this embodiment, the flow guide assembly 80b that forms the flow guide channel 30 includes a pair of baffles 82 disposed perpendicularly to the inner plane of the housing 10 and extending inward. The paired baffles 82 are symmetrical, each having an outer flat surface 821 and an inner flat surface 822. The outer flat surface 821 faces the first end surface 101, and the inner flat surface 822 faces the accommodating space 13. In this embodiment, the intumescent thermal insulation material layer 50b is disposed on the outer flat surface 821, facing away from the accommodating space 13. Thus, the angle α formed between the normal direction N of the intumescent thermal insulation material layer 50b and the flow guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is equal to 180 degrees. Therefore, the thin, intumescent flame-retardant sticker chosen for the intumescent insulation layer 50b can be easily applied to the outer surface 821 of the paired baffles 82 without disrupting the normal flow of airflow F within the air guide channel 30. Furthermore, the intumescent insulation layer 50b faces away from the accommodating space 13, preventing heat generated by the battery pack 20 or internal components from accidentally triggering the intumescent insulation layer 50b's protective mechanism. The intumescent insulation layer 50b only expands when abnormally heated temperatures reach above 200°C, sealing the air guide channel 30 near the air inlet 11 and blocking the flow F, effectively achieving its flame retardant effect.

[0041] In this embodiment, the air guide assembly 80b further includes a curved plate 83 disposed between the paired baffles 82 and the first end surface 101. The convex surface 831 of the curved plate 83 faces the first end surface 101, while the concave surface 832 of the curved plate 83 faces the paired baffles 82 and the accommodating space 13, thereby adjusting or diverting the airflow F. Furthermore, the provision of the curved plate 83 facilitates the expansion of the thermal insulation material layer 50b by filling the space between the paired baffles 82 and the curved plate 83 after abnormal thermal expansion, sealing the air guide channel 30 near the air inlet 11 and blocking the supply of airflow F, thereby effectively achieving a flame retardant effect. Of course, the size and arrangement of the curved plate 83 can be adjusted according to actual application requirements and are not limited to this embodiment.

[0042] Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1d is similar to the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1a shown in Figure 2 , and like component numbers represent like components, structures, and functions, which will not be further described here. In this embodiment, the flow guide assembly 80b that forms the flow guide channel 30 includes a pair of baffles 82 and a curved plate 83. The pair of baffles 82 are perpendicularly disposed on the inner plane of the housing 10 and extend inward, forming an outer flat surface 821 and an inner flat surface 822. The outer flat surface 821 faces the first end surface 101, and the inner flat surface 822 faces the accommodating space 13. In this embodiment, the curved plate 83 is disposed between the pair of baffles 82 and the first end surface 101. The convex surface 831 of the curved plate 83 faces the first end surface 101, while the concave surface 832 of the curved plate 83 faces the pair of baffles 82 and the accommodating space 13. In this embodiment, the expandable heat-insulating material layer 50c is disposed on the convex surface 831 of the curved plate 83 and faces away from the accommodating space 13. In other words, the angle α formed by the normal direction N of the expandable heat-insulating material layer 50c and the flow direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is equal to 180 degrees. Therefore, a thin expandable flame-retardant sticker is selected as the expandable heat-insulating material layer 50c, which can be easily attached to the convex surface 831 of the curved plate 83 without affecting the normal flow of airflow F in the flow guide channel 30. At the same time, it prevents the battery pack 20 or internal components from generating heat sources that accidentally trigger the protective mechanism of the expandable heat-insulating material layer 50c structure. The expandable heat-insulating material layer 50c will only react and expand when abnormally heated to the reaction temperature range, sealing the flow guide channel 30 near the air inlet 11, blocking the supply of airflow F, and effectively exerting the flame retardant effect.

[0043] FIG6 illustrates a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery module fire extinguishing structure according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1e is similar to the battery module fire extinguishing structure 1d shown in FIG5 , and like component numbers represent like components, structures, and functions, which will not be further described herein. In this embodiment, a fan 40a is embedded within the housing 10 and positioned adjacent to the air inlet 11. The fan 40a is assembled to generate an airflow F that flows from the air inlet 11 through the guide channel 30 and the accommodating space 13, and is ultimately discharged through the air outlet 12 to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack 20. Of course, in other embodiments, the fan 40a can be positioned adjacent to the air outlet 12, between the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 12, or any other arrangement that can generate an airflow F through the guide channel 30 and the accommodating space 13 is suitable for this embodiment. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the air guide assembly 80c that forms the guide channel 30 includes a pair of baffles 82 and a curved plate 84. The pair of baffles 82 is perpendicularly arranged on the inner plane of the shell 10 and extends inward to form an outer plane 821 and an inner plane 822. The outer plane 821 faces the first end face 101, and the inner plane 822 faces the accommodating space 13 and the curved plate 84. That is, the curved plate 84 is arranged between the pair of baffles 82 and the accommodating space 13 to divert the airflow F. The concave surface 841 of the curved plate 84 faces the pair of baffles 82 and the first end face 101, and the convex surface 842 of the curved plate 84 faces the accommodating space 13. In this embodiment, the expansion heat insulation material layer 50d is arranged on the concave surface 841 of the curved plate 84 and faces away from the accommodating space 13. Similarly, the angle α formed by the normal direction N of the expansion heat insulation material layer 50d and the diversion direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is equal to 180 degrees. Therefore, the thin, intumescent flame-retardant sticker chosen as the intumescent insulation layer 50d can be easily applied to the concave surface 841 of the curved plate 84, without disrupting the normal flow of airflow F within the air guide channel 30. This prevents heat generated by the battery pack 20 or internal components from accidentally contacting the intumescent insulation layer 50d, creating a protective mechanism. When abnormally heated to a reaction temperature, the intumescent insulation layer 50d rapidly expands and fills the space between the paired baffles 82 and the curved plate 84, sealing the air guide channel 30 near the air inlet 11 and blocking the airflow F, effectively achieving its flame-retardant effect.

[0044] As can be seen from the above, in the aforementioned embodiment, the intumescent heat-insulating material layers 50, 50a, 50b, 50c, and 50d are all arranged adjacent to the side walls of the guide channel 30, and the angle α formed by the normal direction N of the intumescent heat-insulating material layers 50, 50a, 50b, 50c, and 50d and the guide direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is maintained to be not less than 90 degrees. It is easy to use intumescent flame-retardant stickers to achieve the setting, maintain the smoothness of the airflow F, and solve the problem of accidental triggering of the protection mechanism. In the actual test of the battery system's resistance to the spread of thermal runaway using intumescent flame-retardant stickers, it was found that the intumescent heat-insulating material layers 50, 50a, 50b, 50c, and 50d arranged in the battery module fire extinguishing structures 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d all effectively blocked the guide channel 30, preventing the flame from escaping, and causing the combustible gas to be lost in large quantities from the front air inlet 11.

[0045] In summary, this case provides a battery module fire extinguishing structure. By arranging the expandable heat-insulating material layer on the side wall of the guide channel, in addition to blocking the airflow by the expansion of the expandable heat-insulating material layer when abnormally heated, the arrangement of the expandable heat-insulating material layer also prevents the internal heat source from being accidentally touched, and does not affect the heat dissipation efficiency of the normal airflow. This case selects an expandable flame-retardant sticker as the expandable heat-insulating material layer. Since the initial thickness of the expandable flame-retardant sticker ranges from 0.51mm to 0.54mm, it is easy to attach to the guide assembly composed of the internal air guide iron parts of the data backup battery unit, and symmetrically arranged on the two opposite side walls of the guide channel, without affecting the heat dissipation efficiency of the normal airflow in the guide channel. Furthermore, by utilizing the characteristics of the expandable flame-retardant sticker, its material expands when abnormally heated, thereby sealing the guide channel and preventing the flame from escaping. The reaction temperature range of the expandable flame-retardant sticker is between 200℃ and 550℃. When the abnormal temperature reaches above 200°C, rapid carbonization and expansion will occur to form a protective layer, effectively blocking the combustion-supporting gas in the confined space. Furthermore, as the internal temperature increases, the reactive material of the intumescent flame-retardant sticker expands more rapidly to form a flame-retardant layer at least thirty times larger. The porous flame-retardant layer can achieve a good flame-retardant effect. By providing a guide channel formed by the guide assembly, the airflow can be smoothly guided through the interior of the shell to effectively dissipate the heat generated by the battery pack. At the same time, the intumescent thermal insulation material layer can be easily attached thereto, and the angle formed by the normal direction of the intumescent thermal insulation material layer and the guide direction can be achieved to be no less than 90 degrees. Therefore, the intumescent thermal insulation material layer can be selectively attached to the side baffles or the central diversion curved plate of the guide assembly without affecting the normal airflow in the guide channel, facing the front surface and away from the accommodating space, to prevent heat sources generated by the battery pack or internal components from accidentally triggering the protective mechanism of the intumescent thermal insulation material layer structure. Furthermore, due to the characteristics of the expandable heat-insulating material layer, when it is abnormally heated, it expands and seals the guide channel near the air inlet, blocking the air flow supply and effectively exerting the flame retardant effect.

[0046] This case can be modified in various ways by those skilled in the art, but all of them are within the scope of protection of the attached claims.

Claims

1. A battery module fire extinguishing structure, comprising: A housing having a first end face and a second end face opposite to each other, an air inlet, an air outlet, and a containing space, wherein the air inlet is located on the first end face, the air outlet is located on the second end face, and the containing space is connected between the air inlet and the air outlet; A battery pack is accommodated in the accommodation space; a flow guiding channel, communicating between the first end surface and the accommodating space or / and between the second end surface and the accommodating space, and configured to guide airflow along a flow guiding direction from the first end surface to the second end surface; a fan, disposed adjacent to the air inlet or the air outlet, configured to generate the airflow to pass through the guide channel and the accommodating space to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack; and The expansion heat insulation material layer is arranged on the side wall of the guide channel, and is assembled to expand under the reaction temperature to close the guide channel, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expansion heat insulation material layer and the guide direction is not less than 90 degrees.

2. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 1, wherein the expanded thermal insulation material layer comprises a pair of expanded thermal insulation material layers, which are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the guide channel, and the angle formed by the normal direction of the pair of expanded thermal insulation material layers and the guide direction is equal to 90 degrees.

3. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 2, wherein the pair of expansion insulation material layers are symmetrically arranged on the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the guide channel and / or the left side wall and the right side wall of the guide channel.

4. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 2, wherein the pair of expansion insulation material layers respectively have an initial thickness, and the guide channel has a guide spacing between the two opposite side walls, wherein the guide spacing is less than or equal to thirty times the initial thickness.

5. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 1, wherein the expandable heat insulating material layer is an expandable flame retardant sticker, and the reaction temperature ranges from 200°C to 550°C.

6. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 1 further includes a guide assembly, which is arranged between the first end face and the accommodating space or / and between the accommodating space and the second end face, and is assembled to form the guide channel connecting between the first end face and the accommodating space or / and connecting between the accommodating space and the second end face.

7. A battery module fire extinguishing structure, comprising: A housing having a first end face and a second end face opposite to each other, an air inlet, an air outlet, and a containing space, wherein the air inlet is located on the first end face, the air outlet is located on the second end face, and the containing space is connected between the air inlet and the air outlet; A flow guide component is disposed between the first end surface and the accommodating space, and is assembled to form a flow guide channel, which is connected between the first end surface and the accommodating space; A battery pack, contained in the accommodation space and located between the flow guide assembly and the second end surface; a fan, disposed adjacent to the air inlet or the air outlet, configured to generate airflow through the air guide channel and the accommodating space along a flow direction from the first end surface to the second end surface, so as to dissipate heat generated by the battery pack; and The expansion heat insulation material layer is attached to the guide component and is assembled to expand under the reaction temperature to close the guide channel, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expansion heat insulation material layer and the guide direction is not less than 90 degrees.

8. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 7, wherein the guide assembly includes a pair of baffles, which are obliquely arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, wherein the first end of the pair of baffles is connected to the shell, and the second end of the pair of baffles is inclined toward the accommodating space, the pair of baffles have an outer oblique surface and an inner oblique surface, the outer oblique surface faces the first end surface, and the inner oblique surface faces the accommodating space, the pair of baffles form an acute angle with the inner plane of the shell, the expanded heat insulation material layer is arranged on the outer oblique surface and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expanded heat insulation material layer and the guide direction is greater than 90 degrees.

9. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 8, wherein the guide assembly further comprises a pair of extensions, extending respectively from the second ends of the pair of baffles toward the accommodating space, wherein an angle formed by the pair of extensions relative to the inner plane of the shell is smaller than the acute angle formed by the pair of baffles and the inner plane of the shell.

10. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 7, wherein the guide assembly comprises a pair of baffles, which are perpendicularly arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, the pair of baffles having an outer plane and an inner plane, the outer plane faces the first end surface, and the inner plane faces the accommodating space, the expanded heat insulating material layer is arranged on the outer plane and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expanded heat insulating material layer and the guide direction is equal to 180 degrees.

11. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 10, wherein the guide assembly comprises a curved plate, which is arranged between the pair of baffles and the first end surface, the convex surface of the curved plate faces the first end surface, and the concave surface of the curved plate faces the pair of baffles and the accommodating space.

12. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 7, wherein the guide assembly comprises a pair of baffles and a curved plate, wherein the pair of baffles are perpendicularly arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, the pair of baffles have an outer plane and an inner plane, the outer plane faces the first end face, and the inner plane faces the accommodating space, wherein the curved plate is arranged between the pair of baffles and the first end face, wherein the convex surface of the curved plate faces the first end face, and the concave surface of the curved plate faces the pair of baffles and the accommodating space, the expanded heat insulation material layer is arranged on the convex surface of the curved plate and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expanded heat insulation material layer and the guide direction is equal to 180 degrees.

13. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 7, wherein the guide assembly comprises a pair of baffles and a curved plate, wherein the pair of baffles are perpendicularly arranged on the inner plane of the shell and extend inward, the pair of baffles have an outer plane and an inner plane, the outer plane faces the first end surface, and the inner plane faces the accommodating space and the curved plate, wherein the curved plate is arranged between the pair of baffles and the accommodating space, wherein the concave surface of the curved plate faces the pair of baffles and the first end surface, and the convex surface of the curved plate faces the accommodating space, the expanded heat insulation material layer is arranged on the concave surface of the curved plate and faces away from the accommodating space, wherein the angle formed by the normal direction of the expanded heat insulation material layer and the guide direction is equal to 180 degrees.

14. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 7, wherein the expandable heat-insulating material layer is an expandable flame-retardant sticker, and the reaction temperature ranges from 200°C to 550°C.

15. The battery module fire extinguishing structure according to claim 7, wherein the volume expansion rate of the expandable heat-insulating material layer at the reaction temperature is greater than thirty times.

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