Antenna unit, antenna array, antenna apparatus and base station system

Abstract

The present application relates to an antenna unit, an antenna array, an antenna apparatus and a base station system. The antenna unit comprises an insulating substrate plate, a feed network, a metal ground layer, a reflection plate, an insulating substrate arm, a radiation arm and a feed balun; the feed network is connected to the insulating substrate plate; the metal ground layer is connected to the insulating substrate plate, and the metal ground layer and the feed network are located on a same side of the insulating substrate plate; the reflection plate is partially arranged on the side of the metal ground layer facing away from the insulating substrate plate; the reflection plate is coupled to the metal ground layer and the feed network; the insulating substrate arm is connected to the insulating substrate plate and located on the side of the insulating substrate plate facing away from the feed network and the metal ground layer; the radiation arm is arranged on the insulating substrate arm; the feed balun is arranged on the insulating substrate arm; and one end of the feed balun is electrically connected to the feed network, and the other end of the feed balun is electrically connected to the radiation arm and used for feeding the radiation arm. The dielectric loss of the feed network of the antenna unit can be reduced, and coupling between the antenna unit and the radiation arm is reduced, thereby improving the radiation performance and the isolation degree of the antenna unit.

Description

Antenna unit, antenna array, antenna device and base station system

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on December 19, 2023, with application number 202323485868.9 and invention name “Antenna unit, antenna array, antenna device and base station system”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna unit, an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system. Background Art

[0003] Mobile communication technology has made tremendous progress in recent years. Base station antennas, as a crucial component of mobile communications, have also evolved alongside this development, moving from single- and dual-band to multi-band and even larger-scale, multiple-input, multiple-output (Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output, Massive MIMO) base station antennas. Currently, as antenna arrays become increasingly complex, the number of antenna elements is also increasing. In existing antenna element structures, the feed network is coupled to the ground through a dielectric plate, resulting in high dielectric loss. Furthermore, the close proximity of the feed network to the radiating arm leads to strong coupling between the two arms, impacting antenna performance.

[0004] Application Contents

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides an antenna unit, an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system to solve the problem that the feed network is coupled to the ground through a dielectric plate, resulting in high dielectric loss, and the close distance between the feed network and the radiating arm leads to strong coupling between the feed network and the radiating arm, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna.

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an antenna unit, comprising an insulating substrate plate, a feeding network, a metal ground layer, a reflecting plate, an insulating substrate arm, a radiating arm and a feeding balun, wherein the feeding network is connected to the insulating substrate plate, the metal ground layer is connected to the insulating substrate plate and is located on the same side of the insulating substrate plate as the feeding network, at least a portion of the reflecting plate is arranged on a side of the metal ground layer away from the insulating substrate plate, the reflecting plate is coupled to the metal ground layer and the feeding network, the insulating substrate arm is connected to the insulating substrate plate and is located on a side of the insulating substrate plate away from the feeding network and the metal ground layer, the radiating arm is arranged on the insulating substrate arm, the feeding balun is arranged on the insulating substrate arm, one end of the feeding balun is electrically connected to the feeding network, and the other end is electrically connected to the radiating arm for feeding the radiating arm.

[0007] In the present application, the reflector can gather the radio frequency signal to the gathering point of the radiation arm, improve the sensitivity of the radio frequency signal reception, and block the interference radio waves outside the reflector. The metal stratum and the feeding network are located on the same side of the insulating substrate plate, thereby reducing the dielectric loss between the feeding network and the reflector and improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit. In addition, the metal stratum in this structure occupies a smaller area on the insulating substrate plate, which makes it possible for the feeding network and the metal stratum to be arranged on the same side of the insulating substrate plate, and the structure saves the wiring space of the feeding network. In addition, the radiation arm, as the main radiator of the antenna unit, can effectively radiate or receive radio frequency signals, and the feeding network and the radiation arm arranged on the insulating substrate arm are respectively located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate plate, thereby reducing the coupling between the feeding network and the radiation arm, effectively improving the radiation performance and isolation of the antenna unit.

[0008] In one possible design, the insulating substrate includes a plate body and a boss, the boss being protruding from the plate body, the feed network being disposed on the plate body, and the metal ground layer being disposed on the boss. After the antenna unit is assembled, the metal ground layer on the boss can be directly coupled or gap-coupled to the reflector.

[0009] In a possible design, the metal layer is directly coupled to the reflector. The antenna unit of this structure is simple and easy to prepare.

[0010] In a possible design, the insulating substrate plate further includes a support portion protruding from the plate body toward the reflective plate, the support portion abuts against at least a portion of the reflective plate, and the metal layer is spaced apart from the reflective plate.

[0011] The insulating substrate plate and the reflector plate do not require screws or other structural connections, further reducing the structural complexity of the antenna unit, lowering the difficulty of coupling the metal substrate and reflector plate, and improving the stability of the coupling connection between the metal substrate and reflector plate. This simple, low-cost structure ensures a stable spacing between the metal substrate and reflector plate, thereby improving the stability of the coupling connection between the metal substrate and reflector plate and ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna unit.

[0012] In one possible design, the insulating substrate arm includes a first plate and a second plate arranged crosswise, the first plate includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the second plate includes a third surface and a fourth surface arranged opposite to each other, the radiating arm includes a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, a third radiating arm and a fourth radiating arm, the first radiating arm is arranged on the first surface, the second radiating arm is arranged on the second surface, and the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the second plate; the feeding balun is used to feed the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm to generate a first polarization, the third radiating arm is arranged on the third surface, the fourth radiating arm is arranged on the fourth surface, and the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the first plate; the feeding balun is used to feed the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm to generate a second polarization.

[0013] In this structure, two radiating arms of the same polarization are staggered on two opposite surfaces of the same board, so that the arrangement of the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm on the first board and the second board is more reasonable, while ensuring the radiation performance of the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm, the occupied space of the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm on the first board and the second board is reduced, so as to facilitate the flexible arrangement of the feed balun on the first board and the second board, improve the design freedom of the antenna unit, and at the same time reduce the volume of the insulating substrate arm and the difficulty of arrangement, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna unit.

[0014] In one possible design, the first radiating arm is arranged on a side of the first surface adjacent to the fourth surface, the second radiating arm is arranged on a side of the second surface adjacent to the third surface, the third radiating arm is arranged on a side of the third surface adjacent to the second surface, and the fourth radiating arm is arranged on a side of the fourth surface close to the first surface.

[0015] The first radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm can be located on two adjacent surfaces, thereby allowing the third ground balun and the fourth ground balun to be positioned relatively close together, thereby allowing the third ground balun and the fourth ground balun to be connected to the metal ground layer on the other side of the insulating substrate plate through a third metallized via. Simultaneously, the second radiating arm and the third radiating arm can be located on two adjacent surfaces, thereby allowing the first ground balun and the second ground balun to be positioned relatively close together, thereby allowing the first ground balun and the second ground balun to be connected to the metal ground layer on the other side of the insulating substrate plate through a third metallized via. This further reduces the structural complexity of the antenna unit, improves production efficiency, saves manufacturing costs, and facilitates the miniaturization and lightweight design of the antenna unit.

[0016] In one possible design, the feed balun includes a first feed balun and a second feed balun, the first feed balun is arranged on the first surface, the first feed balun is electrically connected to the first radiating arm, and is coupled to the second radiating arm, the second feed balun is arranged on the fourth surface, the second feed balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiating arm, and is coupled to the third radiating arm.

[0017] The first feed balun is coupled to the first ground balun, allowing the first feed balun to feed current to the second radiating arm through the first ground balun, thereby fulfilling the feeding requirements of the second radiating arm. The first ground balun is configured to ensure that the currents in the first and second radiating arms on the same polarization flow in the same direction, thereby forming a dipole, thus meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit. The second feed balun is coupled to the second ground balun, allowing the second feed balun to feed current to the third radiating arm through the second ground balun, thereby fulfilling the feeding requirements of the third radiating arm. The second ground balun is configured to ensure that the currents in the third and fourth radiating arms on the same polarization flow in the same direction, thereby forming a dipole, thus meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit.

[0018] In one possible design, the second plate is provided with a first through-hole, the first through-hole being located on a side of the second plate adjacent to the first surface, and at least a portion of the first feed balun is electrically connected to the first radiating arm through the first through-hole. Alternatively, the first plate is provided with a second through-hole, the second through-hole being located on a side of the first plate adjacent to the fourth surface, and the second feed balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiating arm through the second through-hole. In this structure, the feed balun is directly connected to the radiating arm on the same surface as the feed balun, thereby ensuring a stable connection between the feed balun and the radiating arm.

[0019] In one possible design, the second plate is provided with a first metallized via, which is disposed on a side of the second plate adjacent to the first surface; at least a portion of the first feed balun extends to the second plate and is electrically connected to the first radiating arm through the first metallized via; and / or the first plate is provided with a second metallized via, which is disposed on a side of the first plate adjacent to the fourth surface; at least a portion of the second feed balun extends to the first plate and is electrically connected to the fourth radiating arm through the second metallized via. In this structure, the feed balun is connected to the radiating arm on the same surface via the metallized via, which can further reduce the design difficulty of the insulating substrate arm, facilitate flexible connection between the feed balun and the radiating arm, and increase the design freedom of the antenna unit.

[0020] In one possible design, the antenna unit also includes a first ground balun and a second ground balun, the first ground balun is arranged on the second surface and is coupled to the first feed balun, one end of the first ground balun is electrically connected to the second radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer, the second ground balun is arranged on the third surface and is coupled to the second feed balun, one end of the second ground balun is electrically connected to the third radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

[0021] The first feed balun is coupled to the first ground balun, allowing the first feed balun to feed current to the second radiating arm through the first ground balun, thereby fulfilling the feeding requirements of the second radiating arm. The first ground balun is configured to ensure that the currents in the first and second radiating arms on the same polarization flow in the same direction, thereby forming a dipole, thus meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit. The second feed balun is coupled to the second ground balun, allowing the second feed balun to feed current to the third radiating arm through the second ground balun, thereby fulfilling the feeding requirements of the third radiating arm. The second ground balun is configured to ensure that the currents in the third and fourth radiating arms on the same polarization flow in the same direction, thereby forming a dipole, thus meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit.

[0022] In one possible design, the antenna unit also includes a third ground balun and a fourth ground balun, the third ground balun is arranged on the first surface, one end of the third ground balun is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer, and the fourth ground balun is arranged on the fourth surface, one end of the fourth ground balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

[0023] When the first feed balun feeds the first radiating arm, the third ground balun can be equivalent to a short circuit of / wavelength, enabling balanced feeding of the first radiating arm, ensuring that the current amplitude and phase in the first and second radiating arms of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit. When the second feed balun feeds the fourth radiating arm, the fourth ground balun can be equivalent to a short circuit of / wavelength, enabling balanced feeding of the fourth radiating arm, ensuring that the current amplitude and phase in the third and fourth radiating arms of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit.

[0024] In one possible design, a plurality of metal ground layers are provided, and each of the metal ground layers is electrically connected to at least one of the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun, and the fourth ground balun, thereby ensuring reliable grounding of the ground balun while further reducing the space occupied by the metal ground layer on the insulating substrate board, facilitating the flexible arrangement of the feeding network in the antenna unit and improving the design freedom of the antenna unit.

[0025] In one possible design, the metal ground layer is provided with one, and the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun, and the fourth ground balun are electrically connected to the metal ground layer to further reduce the complexity of the structure, facilitate manufacturing and production, and save costs.

[0026] In one possible design, a third metallized via is provided on the insulating substrate, and the first, second, third, and / or fourth ground baluns are electrically connected to the metal ground layer via the third metallized via. This structure is simple, easy to implement, and further reduces manufacturing costs.

[0027] In one possible design, a fourth metallized via is provided on the insulating substrate, and the feed balun is electrically connected to the feed network via the fourth metallized via. This structure is simple, easy to implement, and further reduces manufacturing costs.

[0028] In a second aspect of the present application, an antenna array is provided, comprising the antenna unit described in any of the above embodiments. Since the antenna unit has the above technical effects, the antenna array comprising the antenna unit should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0029] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, comprising the antenna array described in any of the above embodiments. Since the antenna array has the above technical effects, the antenna device including the antenna array should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0030] A fourth aspect of the present application is a base station system, comprising the antenna device described in any of the above embodiments. Since the antenna device has the above technical effects, the base station system comprising the antenna device should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0031] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely illustrative and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0033] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station system provided by the present application in some embodiments;

[0034] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna device in FIG1 in some embodiments;

[0035] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided in the present application in one embodiment;

[0036] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna array in FIG3 from another perspective;

[0037] FIG5 is an exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG6 is an exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in a second embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG7 is an exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in a third embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG8 at a first viewing angle;

[0042] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG8 at a second viewing angle;

[0043] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG8 at a third viewing angle;

[0044] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG8 at a fourth viewing angle;

[0045] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit provided in a second embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG13 at a first viewing angle;

[0047] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG13 at a second viewing angle;

[0048] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG13 at a third viewing angle;

[0049] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a portion of the antenna unit in FIG13 at a fourth viewing angle;

[0050] FIG18 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG19 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG20 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Reference numerals: 100 - antenna device; 101 - antenna array; 102 - phase shifter; 103 - transmission network; 104 - combiner; 105 - radome; 200 - antenna adjustment bracket; 300 - fixing rod; 400 - joint seal; 500 - grounding device; 10 - antenna unit; 1 - insulating substrate plate; 11 - plate body; 12 - boss; 13 - support portion; 2 - insulating substrate arm; 21 - first plate; 211 - first surface; 212 - second surface; 22 - second plate; 221 - third surface; 222 - fourth surface; 23 - first through-hole; 24 - first metallized via; 25 - second metallized via; 26 - third metallized via; 27 - fourth metallized via; 28 - protrusion; 3 - feed network; 4 - metal ground layer; 5-radiating arm; 51-first radiating arm; 52-second radiating arm; 53-third radiating arm; 54-fourth radiating arm; 6-feed balun; 61-first feed balun; 62-second feed balun; 71-first ground balun; 72-second ground balun; 73-third ground balun; 74-fourth ground balun; 8-reflector; 9-guiding layer; 91-recessed portion; X-first direction; Y-second direction; Z-third direction.

[0054] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or explained, the term "plurality" refers to two or more; the terms "connected" and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0058] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects.

[0059] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

[0060] Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be referred to as "electrical connection", which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless / non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be referred to as capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gap between two conductive parts.

[0061] Relative / relative setting: The relative setting of A and B may refer to A and B being face to face (opposite to, or face to face).

[0062] Radiating arm: It is a device in the antenna used to receive / send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the narrow meaning of "antenna" is to refer to a radiator, which converts the guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, where it is converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy and transmits it to the receiver input via the feeder line.

[0063] The radiating arm can be a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire antenna. A wire antenna is an antenna composed of one or more metal wires with a wire diameter much smaller than the wavelength and a length comparable to the wavelength, and can be used as a transmitting or receiving antenna. The main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave oscillator antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna), planar inverted F antennas (also known as PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna), slot antennas or slot antennas, antenna arrays, etc. For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding part from the feeding end of the radiating branch. For example, for a slot antenna or a slot antenna, a single radiating branch can be included, and both ends of the branch are grounded to form a slot or slot.

[0064] The radiating arm can also be a slot or slit formed in a conductor. For example, an antenna formed by a slit in a conductor surface can also be called a slot antenna or slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is elongated. In some embodiments, the slot is approximately half a wavelength long. In some embodiments, the slot can be fed by a transmission line spanning one or both sides, or by a waveguide or resonant cavity. A radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited in the slot, radiating electromagnetic waves into space.

[0065] Balun: A balanced-unbalanced converter that feeds the two radiating arms of the same polarization of the antenna unit and achieves equal output amplitude and a phase difference of 180°.

[0066] The current distribution in the same or opposite direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the conductor on the same side being in the same or opposite direction. For example, when stimulating a current distributed in the same direction on a ring-shaped conductor (e.g., the current path is also ring-shaped), it should be understood that the main currents stimulated on the conductors on both sides of the ring conductor (e.g., the conductors surrounding a gap, on the conductors on both sides of the gap), although the main currents stimulated in the conductors on both sides of the ring conductor (e.g., the conductors on both sides of the gap), although they are in opposite directions, still fall within the definition of unidirectional distributed current in this application.

[0067] The limitations such as collinearity, coaxiality, coplanarity, symmetry (for example, axisymmetry, or center symmetry, etc.), parallelism, perpendicularity, and sameness (for example, same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all for the current level of technology, rather than absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense. There may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold value (for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) in the line width direction between two collinear radiating branches or the edges of two antenna units. There may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold value (for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) in the direction perpendicular to their coplanar planes between two coplanar radiating branches or the edges of two antenna units. There may be a deviation of a predetermined angle (for example, ±5°, ±10°) between two antenna units that are parallel or perpendicular to each other.

[0068] The present application provides a base station system, an antenna device 100, an antenna array 101 and an antenna unit 10. The base station system, the antenna device 100, the antenna array 101 and the antenna unit 10 can be applied to fields such as radar, broadcasting and communication.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station system provided in some embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the base station system is composed of an antenna device 100, an antenna adjustment bracket 200, a fixing rod 300, a joint seal 400, a grounding device 500, etc. The base station system is an interface device for wireless communication, capable of exchanging information with communication terminals in the area.

[0070] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4, Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the antenna device 100 in Figure 1 in some embodiments, Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the antenna array provided in this application in one embodiment, and Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the antenna array in Figure 3 from another perspective.

[0071] As shown in Figure 2 , antenna device 100 comprises an antenna array 101, a phase shifter 102, a transmission network 103 or calibration network, a combiner 104 or undulator, and a radome 105. Antenna array 101, phase shifter 102, transmission network 103 or calibration network, combiner 104 or undulator, and other components are disposed within radome 105. Radome 105 protects internal components from external environmental influences, exhibiting excellent electrical electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics and mechanical properties capable of withstanding harsh external environments. Referring also to Figures 3 and 4 , antenna array 101 includes multiple antenna elements 10 and receives or transmits radio frequency signals via components such as phase shifter 102, transmission network 103, and combiner 104.

[0072] The antenna unit 10 is described in detail below through a specific embodiment. For ease of understanding, the length direction of the antenna unit 10 is defined as a first direction X, the width direction of the antenna unit 10 is defined as a second direction Y, and the height direction of the antenna unit 10 is defined as a third direction Z.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 5, which is an exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to the first embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, antenna unit 10 includes an insulating substrate 1. The insulating substrate 1 can be made of ceramic, polycarbonate (PC), or modified polyester resin (PY). Of course, the insulating substrate can also be made of other materials that can be used for energy radiation, and this is not a limitation.

[0074] Antenna unit 10 also includes a feed network 3 connected to insulating substrate board 1. Feed network 3 can feed signals to the radiating arms of antenna unit 10 at a predetermined amplitude and phase, or transmit received wireless signals to a base station's signal processing unit at a predetermined amplitude and phase. Feed network 3 typically consists of controlled impedance transmission lines. Feed network 3 may include coupling power splitters, phase shifters, and, in some cases, combiners, filters, and other components.

[0075] It should be noted that, as shown in Figures 3 and 4 , for the same antenna array 101, the insulating substrate 1 of multiple antenna units 10 can be an integrally formed structure. Furthermore, multiple antenna units 10 can share a single feed network 3, or the feed networks 3 of each antenna unit 10 can be connected in parallel or in series to increase the design freedom of the antenna units 10, without limitation herein.

[0076] Continuing with FIG5 , antenna unit 10 further includes a metal ground layer 4 connected to insulating substrate plate 1. Metal ground layer 4 can be used to ground components within antenna device 10. Metal ground layer 4 is made of a conductive material. In some embodiments, the conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof; copper foil on an insulating substrate; aluminum foil on an insulating substrate; gold foil on an insulating substrate; silver-plated copper; silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate; silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate; cloth impregnated with graphite powder; graphite-coated substrates; copper-plated substrates; brass-plated substrates; and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that metal ground layer 4 can also be made of other conductive materials, and this is not a limitation.

[0077] As shown in FIG5 , antenna unit 10 further includes a reflector 8 , which can focus radio frequency signals to a focus point on radiating arm 5 , thereby improving the sensitivity of radio frequency signal reception and blocking interfering radio waves outside reflector 8 . At least a portion of reflector 8 is disposed on a side of metal layer 4 facing away from insulating substrate 1 , wherein reflector 8 is coupled to metal layer 4 and feed network 3 .

[0078] It should be noted that, as shown in FIG3 and FIG4 , for the same antenna array 101 , the reflective plates 8 of the multiple antenna units 10 may be an integrally formed structure.

[0079] As shown in Figure 5 , the metal ground plane 4 is coupled to the feed network 3 and located on the same side of the insulating substrate 1 as the feed network 3. This reduces dielectric loss between the feed network 3 and the reflector 8, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10. Furthermore, the metal ground plane 4 in this structure occupies a relatively small area on the insulating substrate 1, making it possible to locate the feed network 3 and the metal ground plane 4 on the same side of the insulating substrate 1. This structure also saves space for wiring the feed network 3.

[0080] For example, please refer to Figure 6, which is an exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in the second embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, each antenna unit 10 can be provided with only one metal layer 4, and the ground balun of the antenna unit 10 is electrically connected to the metal layer 4, thereby further reducing the complexity of the structure, facilitating manufacturing and saving costs.

[0081] For example, please refer to FIG7 , which is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of an antenna unit provided in the third embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7 , each antenna unit 10 may also be provided with multiple metal layers 4, such as two, three, four, etc., which may be specifically provided according to actual needs and are not limited here. Each metal layer 4 is electrically connected to at least one of the multiple ground baluns of the antenna unit 10, thereby ensuring reliable grounding of the ground balun while further reducing the space occupied by the metal layer 4 on the insulating substrate plate 1, facilitating the flexible arrangement of the feed network 3 in the antenna unit 10, and improving the design freedom of the antenna unit 10.

[0082] The shape of the metal layer 4 may be circular, rectangular or other irregular shapes, and may be specifically configured according to actual needs to further enhance the design freedom of the antenna unit 10 , and is not limited here.

[0083] As shown in Figure 5, in a specific embodiment, the insulating substrate plate 1 includes a plate body 11 and a boss 12. Along the third direction Z, the boss 12 is protruded on the side of the plate body 11 facing the reflector 8. The feeding network 3 is arranged on the plate body 11, and the metal layer 4 is arranged on the boss 12. Therefore, after the antenna unit 10 is assembled, the metal layer 4 located on the boss 12 can be directly coupled or gap-coupled with the reflector 8, and at the same time, the feeding network 3 located on the plate body 11 can maintain a certain distance from the reflector 8.

[0084] When the metal layer 4 is directly coupled to the reflector 8, that is, the metal layer 4 can be directly in contact with the reflector 8, the antenna unit 10 of this structure is simple and easy to manufacture. For example, the insulating substrate 1 and the reflector 8 can be connected by screws or adhesive, so that the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8 are fully aligned to ensure the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10.

[0085] When the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8 are gap-coupled and connected, no structural connection such as screws is required between the insulating substrate plate 1 and the reflector 8, which further reduces the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10, reduces the difficulty of the coupling connection between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8, and improves the stability of the coupling connection between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8.

[0086] Of course, in order to further improve the structural stability of the antenna unit 10 , the insulating substrate plate 1 and the reflector plate 8 may also be fixedly connected by screws.

[0087] For example, as shown in Figures 5 and 6 , the insulating substrate plate 1 further includes a support portion 13 projecting from the plate body 11 toward the reflector 8. The support portion 13 abuts at least partially against the reflector 8, and the metal layer 4 is spaced apart from the reflector 8. This simple, low-cost structure ensures a stable spacing between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8, thereby enhancing the stability of the coupling connection between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8 and ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit according to the first embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, antenna unit 10 further includes an insulating substrate arm 2, which is connected to insulating substrate plate 1 and located on the side of insulating substrate plate 1 facing away from feed network 3 and metal layer 4. Insulating substrate arm 2 can be integrally formed with insulating substrate plate 1, thereby reducing the number of manufacturing steps for antenna unit 10, facilitating automated production of antenna unit 10, improving production efficiency, and reducing costs.

[0089] As shown in Figure 8 , antenna unit 10 also includes a radiating arm 5, which serves as the primary radiator of antenna unit 10 and can effectively radiate or receive radio frequency signals. Referring also to Figure 3 , radiating arm 5 is disposed on insulating substrate arm 2. That is, in this embodiment of the present application, along the third direction Z, the feed network 3 and the radiating arm 5 disposed on insulating substrate arm 2 are located on opposite sides of insulating substrate board 1. This reduces coupling between the feed network 3 and the radiating arm 5, thereby effectively improving the radiation performance and isolation of antenna unit 10.

[0090] As shown in FIG8 , the antenna unit 10 further includes a feeding balun 6 , which is disposed on the insulating substrate arm 2 . One end of the feeding balun 6 is electrically connected to the feeding network 3 , and the other end is electrically connected to the radiating arm 5 , for feeding the radiating arm 5 .

[0091] The above-mentioned radiation arm 5, feed balun 6, feed network 3, and metal layer 4 can be formed on the insulating substrate arm 2 and / or the insulating substrate plate 1 by using, for example, an electric locking process or an LDS process, thereby further facilitating the automated production of the antenna unit 10, reducing the weight of the antenna unit 10, and saving costs.

[0092] Further, please refer to Figures 9 to 12, which are schematic structural diagrams of a portion of the antenna unit in Figure 8 at a first viewing angle, a second viewing angle, a third viewing angle, and a fourth viewing angle, respectively.

[0093] As shown in FIG9 to FIG12 , the insulating substrate arm 2 includes a first plate 21 and a second plate 22 arranged crosswise. The first plate 21 includes a first surface 211 and a second surface 212 arranged oppositely. The second plate 22 includes a third surface 221 and a fourth surface 222 arranged oppositely.

[0094] The included angle between the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 may be in the range of 60° to 120° to meet the design requirements of different antenna units 10 .

[0095] In a specific embodiment, the radiating arm 5 includes a first radiating arm 51, a second radiating arm 52, a third radiating arm 53, and a fourth radiating arm 54. As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the first radiating arm 51 is disposed on the first surface 211, the second radiating arm 52 is disposed on the second surface 212, and the first radiating arm 51 and the second radiating arm 52 are respectively located on opposite sides of the second plate 22. The feeding balun 6 is used to feed the first radiating arm 51 and the second radiating arm 52 to generate the first polarization. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the third radiating arm 53 is disposed on the third surface 221, the fourth radiating arm 54 is disposed on the fourth surface 222, and the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 are respectively located on opposite sides of the first plate 21. The feeding balun 6 is used to feed the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 to generate the second polarization.

[0096] In this structure, two radiating arms of the same polarization are staggered on two opposite surfaces of the same board, so that the arrangement of the first radiating arm 51, the second radiating arm 52, the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 on the first board 21 and the second board 22 is more reasonable, ensuring the radiation performance of the first radiating arm 51, the second radiating arm 52, the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 while reducing the occupied space of the first radiating arm 51, the second radiating arm 52, the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 on the first board 21 and the second board 22, so as to facilitate the flexible arrangement of the feed balun 6 on the first board 21 and the second board 22, thereby improving the design freedom of the antenna unit 10 and reducing the volume and arrangement difficulty of the insulating substrate arm 2, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna unit 10.

[0097] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 9 and 11 , the feed balun 6 includes a first feed balun 61 and a second feed balun 62. Referring also to Figure 5 , a fourth metallized via 27 can be provided on the insulating substrate 1, so that the first feed balun 61 and the second feed balun 62 can be electrically connected to the feed network 3 via the fourth metallized via 27. This structure is simple and easy to implement, further reducing manufacturing costs.

[0098] As shown in FIG9 , the first feeding balun 61 is disposed on the first surface 211 , and the first feeding balun 61 is electrically connected to the first radiating arm 51 located on the same surface. Referring to FIG10 , the first feeding balun 61 is coupled to the second radiating arm 52 , so that the first feeding balun 61 can simultaneously feed the first radiating arm 51 and the second radiating arm 52 to generate the first polarization.

[0099] As shown in FIG11 , the second feed balun 62 is disposed on the fourth surface 222 , and the second feed balun 62 is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm 54 located on the same surface. Referring to FIG10 , the second feed balun 62 is coupled to the third radiation arm 53 , so that the second feed balun 62 can simultaneously feed the third radiation arm 53 and the fourth radiation arm 54 to generate a second polarization.

[0100] This structure is simple and can reduce the space occupied by the first feeding balun 61 and the second feeding balun 62 , thereby further reducing the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10 , thereby facilitating the miniaturization design of the antenna unit 10 .

[0101] Furthermore, the feed balun 6 can be directly connected to the radiating arm 5 on the same surface as the feed balun 6 to ensure a stable connection between the two arms. Alternatively, the feed balun 6 can be connected to the radiating arm 5 on the same surface as the feed balun 6 through metallized vias, further reducing the design complexity of the insulating substrate arm 2 and facilitating flexible connection between the feed balun 6 and the radiating arm 5, thereby increasing the design freedom of the antenna unit 10. The specific connection method between the feed balun 6 and the radiating arm 5 on the same surface as the feed balun 6 can be configured based on actual needs and is not limited here.

[0102] For example, the first feed balun 61 and the second feed balun 62 can both be directly connected to the radiating arm 5 located on the same surface. As shown in FIG9 , a first through-hole 23 can be provided on the second board 22. The first through-hole 23 is provided on a side of the second board 22 adjacent to the first surface 211, so that at least a portion of the first feed balun 61 can pass through the first through-hole 23 to electrically connect to the first radiating arm 51 located on the same surface. At the same time, a second through-hole (not shown) can be provided on the first board 21. The second through-hole is provided on a side of the first board 21 adjacent to the fourth surface 222, so that the second feed balun 62 can be electrically connected to the fourth radiating arm 54 located on the same surface through the second through-hole.

[0103] Exemplarily, one of the first feed balun 61 and the second feed balun 62 is directly connected to the radiating arm on the same surface as the first feed balun 61, while the other is connected to the radiating arm on the same surface as the first feed balun 62 via a metallized via. In the specific embodiment shown in FIG9, a first through-hole 23 can be provided on the second plate 22. The first through-hole 23 is provided on a side of the second plate 22 adjacent to the first surface 211, so that at least a portion of the first feed balun 61 can pass through the first through-hole 23 to electrically connect to the first radiating arm on the same surface. Also referring to FIG11 and FIG12, a second metallized via 25 is provided on the first plate 21. The second metallized via 25 is provided on a side of the first plate 21 adjacent to the fourth surface 222. At least a portion of the second feed balun 62 extends to the first plate 21 and is electrically connected to the fourth radiating arm 54 on the same surface as the first plate 21 via the second metallized via 25.

[0104] For example, the first feed balun 61 and the second feed balun 62 can also be connected to the radiating arm 5 located on the same surface as the first feed balun 61 through metallized vias. Please refer to Figures 13 to 17. Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit provided in the second embodiment of the present application, and Figures 14 to 17 are schematic structural diagrams of the partial structure of the antenna unit in Figure 13 at the first, second, third, and fourth viewing angles, respectively. As shown in Figures 14 and 17, the second plate 22 can be provided with a first metallized via 24, and the first metallized via 24 is provided on a side of the second plate 22 adjacent to the first surface 211. At least a portion of the first feed balun 61 extends to the second plate 22 and is electrically connected to the first radiating arm 51 located on the same surface through the first metallized via 24. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, the first board 21 is provided with a second metallized via 25, and the second metallized via 25 is provided on a side of the first board 21 adjacent to the fourth surface 222, and at least a portion of the second feed balun 62 extends to the first board 21 and is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm 54 located on the same surface through the second metallized via 25.

[0105] Furthermore, as shown in FIG10 , the antenna unit 10 further includes a first ground balun 71 and a second ground balun 72. Referring to both FIG9 and FIG10 , the first ground balun 71 is disposed on the second surface 212 and coupled to the first feed balun 61 located on the first surface 211. One end of the first ground balun 71 is electrically connected to the second radiating arm 52, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer 4. The first feed balun 61 is coupled to the first ground balun 71, enabling the first feed balun 61 to feed current to the second radiating arm 52 through the first ground balun 71, thereby fulfilling the feeding requirements of the second radiating arm 52. Furthermore, the provision of the first ground balun 71 ensures that the currents in the first and second radiating arms 51, 52 of the same polarization flow in the same direction, thereby forming a dipole, thus meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit 10.

[0106] Referring to both Figures 10 and 11 , a second ground balun 72 is disposed on the third surface 221 and coupled to a corresponding second feed balun 62 located on the fourth surface 222. One end of the second ground balun 72 is electrically connected to the third radiating arm 53, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer 4. The second feed balun 62 is coupled to the second ground balun 72, enabling the second feed balun 62 to feed current to the third radiating arm 53 through the second ground balun 72, thereby fulfilling the feeding requirements of the third radiating arm 53. Furthermore, the provision of the second ground balun 72 ensures that the currents in the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 of the same polarization flow in the same direction, thereby forming a dipole, thus meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit 10.

[0107] Furthermore, as shown in FIG10 , a third metalized via 26 can be provided on the insulating substrate plate 1. Referring also to FIG5 , the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can be connected to the metal ground layer 4 on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through the third metalized via 26. This structure is simple, easy to implement, and further reduces manufacturing costs.

[0108] For example, in the specific embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 10, the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can each be connected to the metal ground layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through their corresponding third metallized vias 26. For example, in the specific embodiments shown in Figures 6 and 15, the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can also be connected to the metal ground layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26, thereby further reducing structural complexity, saving manufacturing costs, and increasing the design freedom of the antenna unit 10.

[0109] In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , the antenna unit 10 further includes a third ground balun 73 and a fourth ground balun 74. The third ground balun 73 is disposed on the first surface 211, with one end of the third ground balun 73 electrically connected to the first radiating arm 51 and the other end electrically connected to the metal ground layer 4. The fourth ground balun 74 is disposed on the fourth surface 222, with one end of the fourth ground balun 74 electrically connected to the fourth radiating arm 54 and the other end electrically connected to the metal ground layer 4.

[0110] In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 9 to 12, when the first feed balun 61 feeds the first radiating arm 51, the third ground balun 73 can be equivalent to a 1 / 4 wavelength short-circuit, enabling balanced feeding of the first radiating arm 51, ensuring that the current amplitudes and phases in the first radiating arm 51 and the second radiating arm 52 of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10. When the second feed balun 62 feeds the fourth radiating arm 54, the fourth ground balun 74 can be equivalent to a 1 / 4 wavelength short-circuit, enabling balanced feeding of the fourth radiating arm 54, ensuring that the current amplitudes and phases in the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10.

[0111] Furthermore, as shown in FIG12 , a third metalized via 26 can be provided on the insulating substrate 1. Referring also to FIG5 , the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can be connected to the metal ground layer 4 on the other side of the insulating substrate 1 through the third metalized via 26. This structure is simple, easy to implement, and further reduces manufacturing costs.

[0112] For example, in the specific embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 10, the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can be connected to the metal ground layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26, thereby further reducing structural complexity and saving manufacturing costs. Of course, the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can also be connected to the metal ground layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through their corresponding third metallized vias 26, thereby further increasing the design freedom of the antenna unit 10.

[0113] It should be noted that the number and location of the third metallized vias 26 can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific locations of the first ground balun 71 , the second ground balun 72 , the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 , and are not limited here.

[0114] Among them, the above-mentioned first ground balun 71, second ground balun 72, third ground balun 73 and fourth ground balun 74 can be formed on the insulating substrate arm 2 and / or the insulating substrate plate 1 by using, for example, an electric locking process or an LDS process, thereby further facilitating the automated production of the antenna unit 10, reducing the weight of the antenna unit 10, and saving costs.

[0115] Further, as shown in Figure 12, in a specific embodiment, the first radiating arm 51 is arranged on a side of the first surface 211 adjacent to the fourth surface 222, as shown in Figure 10, the second radiating arm 52 is arranged on a side of the second surface 212 adjacent to the third surface 221, and the third radiating arm 53 is arranged on a side of the third surface 221 adjacent to the second surface 212, as shown in Figure 12, the fourth radiating arm 54 is arranged on a side of the fourth surface 222 close to the first surface 211.

[0116] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , the first radiating arm 51 and the fourth radiating arm 54 can be located on two adjacent surfaces, thereby allowing the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 to be disposed relatively close to each other, thereby allowing the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 to be connected to the metal ground layer 4 on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26. Simultaneously, as shown in FIG15 , the second radiating arm 52 and the third radiating arm 53 can be located on two adjacent surfaces, thereby allowing the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 to be disposed relatively close to each other, thereby allowing the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 to be connected to the metal ground layer 4 on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26. This further reduces the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10, improves production efficiency, saves manufacturing costs, and facilitates the miniaturization and lightweight design of the antenna unit 10.

[0117] In some specific embodiments, as shown in FIG17 , the antenna unit 10 may also not be provided with the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 , so as to further reduce the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10 , thereby improving production efficiency, saving preparation costs, and being conducive to the miniaturization and lightweight design of the antenna unit 10 .

[0118] Further, please refer to Figures 18 to 20. Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the first embodiment of the present application, Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the second embodiment of the present application, and Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0119] As shown in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20 , along the third direction Z, the antenna unit 10 may further include a metal guide layer 9 disposed at the top of the insulating substrate arm 2 to further adjust the isolation of the antenna unit 10 and enhance the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10 .

[0120] As shown in Figures 18 to 20, in a specific embodiment, along the third direction Z, a protrusion 28 may be provided on the top of the insulating substrate arm 2, and the guiding layer 9 may be provided with a recessed portion 91 at a position corresponding to the protrusion 28. The protrusion 28 and the recessed portion 91 are correspondingly connected to limit the displacement of the guiding layer 9 at the top of the insulating substrate arm 2, thereby improving the structural stability of the antenna unit 10 and ensuring the radiation effect of the antenna unit 10.

[0121] Of course, the guiding layer 9 can also be fixed to the top of the insulating substrate arm 2 by bonding, screw connection or other methods, which is not limited here.

[0122] For example, as shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 , the guiding layer 9 may be a rectangular sheet structure, and its size may be set according to the actual requirements of the antenna unit 10 and is not limited here.

[0123] For example, as shown in FIG. 20 , the guiding layer 9 may also be an irregularly shaped sheet structure having a plurality of notches, so as to further enhance the design freedom of the antenna unit 10 and meet different configuration requirements of the antenna unit 10 .

[0124] Of course, the guiding layer 9 may also be other metal layers provided on the top of the insulating substrate arm 2 , which is not limited here.

[0125] In this specification, reference can be made to the same or similar parts between the various embodiments. In particular, for the device embodiment and the terminal embodiment, since they are basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description in the method embodiment.

[0126] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application shall be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that: include: Insulating substrate board; A feeding network connected to the insulating substrate board; A metal ground layer connected to the insulating substrate board and located on the same side of the insulating substrate board as the feed network; A reflector, at least a portion of which is disposed on a side of the metal layer away from the insulating substrate, and the reflector is coupled to the metal layer and the feed network; An insulating substrate arm connected to the insulating substrate plate and located on a side of the insulating substrate plate away from the feed network and the metal ground layer; A radiation arm, disposed on the insulating substrate arm; A feeding balun is arranged on the insulating substrate arm, one end of the feeding balun is electrically connected to the feeding network, and the other end of the feeding balun is electrically connected to the radiating arm, and is used for feeding the radiating arm.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The insulating substrate plate comprises a plate body and a boss, wherein the boss is convexly disposed on the plate body; The feed network is arranged on the board; The metal layer is disposed on the boss.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The metal layer is directly coupled to the reflection plate.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that The insulating substrate plate further includes a support portion protruding from the plate body toward the direction of the reflector, and the support portion abuts against at least a portion of the reflector; The metal layer and the reflective plate are spaced apart from each other.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The insulating substrate arm comprises a first plate and a second plate arranged crosswise, the first plate comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely, and the second plate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface arranged oppositely; The radiation arm comprises a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm, a third radiation arm and a fourth radiation arm; The first radiating arm is arranged on the first surface, the second radiating arm is arranged on the second surface, and the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the second board; the feeding balun is used for feeding the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm to generate a first polarization; The third radiating arm is arranged on the third surface, the fourth radiating arm is arranged on the fourth surface, and the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the first board; the feeding balun is used for feeding the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm to generate a second polarization.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that The first radiating arm is disposed on a side of the first surface adjacent to the fourth surface, and the second radiating arm is disposed on a side of the second surface adjacent to the third surface; The third radiating arm is disposed on a side of the third surface adjacent to the second surface, and the fourth radiating arm is disposed on a side of the fourth surface close to the first surface.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The feed balun includes a first feed balun and a second feed balun; The first feeding balun is disposed on the first surface, the first feeding balun is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and is coupled to the second radiation arm; The second feeding balun is disposed on the fourth surface, and the second feeding balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm and coupled to the third radiation arm.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second board is provided with a first through hole, the first through hole is provided on a side of the second board adjacent to the first surface, and at least a portion of the first feeding balun passes through the first through hole to be electrically connected to the first radiation arm; And / or, the first board is provided with a second through-hole, the second through-hole is provided on a side of the first board adjacent to the fourth surface, and the second feeding balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm through the second through-hole.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second board is provided with a first metallized via, the first metallized via is provided on a side of the second board adjacent to the first surface, at least a portion of the first feeding balun extends to the second board and is electrically connected to the first radiating arm through the first metallized via; And / or, the first board is provided with a second metallized via, the second metallized via is arranged on a side of the first board adjacent to the fourth surface, and at least a portion of the second feeding balun extends to the first board and is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm through the second metallized via.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The antenna unit further includes a first ground balun and a second ground balun; The first ground balun is disposed on the second surface and is coupled and connected to the first feeding balun correspondingly, one end of the first ground balun is electrically connected to the second radiation arm, and the other end of the first ground balun is electrically connected to the metal layer; The second ground balun is disposed on the third surface and is coupled and connected with the second feeding balun accordingly. One end of the second ground balun is electrically connected to the third radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The antenna unit further includes a third ground balun and a fourth ground balun; The third ground balun is disposed on the first surface, one end of the third ground balun is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and the other end of the third ground balun is electrically connected to the metal layer; The fourth ground balun is disposed on the fourth surface, one end of the fourth ground balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm, and the other end of the fourth ground balun is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

12. The antenna unit according to claim 11, characterized in that A plurality of the metal ground layers are provided, and each of the metal ground layers is electrically connected to at least one of the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun, and the fourth ground balun.

13. The antenna unit according to claim 11, characterized in that The metal ground layer is provided with one, and the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun, and the fourth ground balun are electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

14. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 11, characterized in that: The insulating substrate plate is provided with a third metallized via, and the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun and / or the fourth ground balun are electrically connected to the metal ground layer through the third metallized via.

15. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: A fourth metallized via is provided on the insulating substrate plate, and the feed balun is electrically connected to the feed network through the fourth metallized via.

16. An antenna array, characterized in that: The antenna array comprises the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. An antenna device, characterized in that: The antenna device comprises the antenna array as claimed in claim 16.

18. A base station system, characterized in that: The base station system comprises the antenna device according to claim 17.

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