Genetically modified non-human animal with human or chimeric inhbe
Genetically modified animals expressing human or chimeric INHBE protein address the limitations of traditional drug development methods by providing humanized models for accurate drug screening and evaluation, thereby improving efficiency and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/141046
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-21
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Traditional drug research and development methods, including in vitro screening and conventional animal models, face challenges in accurately mimicking human body environments and disease states, leading to high failure rates and discrepancies between animal trial results and clinical outcomes.
The development of genetically modified non-human animals that express human or chimeric INHBE protein, allowing for the creation of humanized animal models suitable for drug screening and evaluation, particularly for anti-human INHBE antibodies or drugs targeting INHBE.
These humanized animal models provide a more accurate representation of human disease states and drug interactions, enhancing the efficiency and reducing the costs of drug development, while facilitating the study of INHBE function and the development of new drugs.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024141046_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
GENETICALLY MODIFIED NON-HUMAN ANIMAL WITH HUMAN OR CHIMERIC INHBE
[0001] CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0002] This application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application App. No. 202311768206.4, filed on December 21, 2023; 202410299213.2, filed on March 15, 2024; 202410480630.7, filed on April 19, 2024; and 202410805598.5, filed on June 21, 2024. The entire contents of the foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] This disclosure relates to genetically modified animal expressing human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) INHBE, and methods of use thereof.BACKGROUND
[0004] The traditional drug research and development typically use in vitro screening approaches. However, these screening approaches cannot provide the body environment (such as tumor microenvironment, stromal cells, extracellular matrix components and immune cell interaction, etc. ) , resulting in a higher rate of failure in drug development. In addition, in view of the differences between humans and animals, the test results obtained from the use of conventional experimental animals for in vivo pharmacological test may not reflect the real disease state and the interaction at the targeting sites, resulting in that the results in many clinical trials are significantly different from the animal experimental results.
[0005] Therefore, the development of humanized animal models that are suitable for human antibody and / or drug screening and evaluation will significantly improve the efficiency of new drug development and reduce the cost for drug research and development.SUMMARY
[0006] This disclosure is related to an animal model with human INHBE or chimeric INHBE. The animal model can express human INHBE or chimeric INHBE (e.g., humanized INHBE) protein in its body. It can be used in the studies on the function of INHBE gene, and can be used in the screening and evaluation of anti-human INHBE antibodies or drugs targeting INHBE. In addition, the animal models prepared by the methods described herein can be used in drug screening, pharmacodynamic studies, treatment of immune-related diseases, and treatment of diseases targeting human INHBE. These disclosed animal models can also be used to facilitate the development and design of new drugs, and save time and cost. In summary, this disclosure provides a powerful tool for studying the function of INHBE protein and a platform for screening drugs, e.g., anti-cancer drugs, anti-inflammation drugs, or anti-metabolic disease drugs.
[0007] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to genetically-modified, non-human animals whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or chimeric inhibin submit beta E (INHBE) . In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element (e.g., endogenous promoter and / or endogenous 5’ -UTR) at an endogenous INHBE gene locus in the at least one chromosome. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE is operably linked to a human or chimeric regulatory element at an endogenous INHBE gene locus in the at least one chromosome. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to human INHBE (NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) . In some embodiments, wherein the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat. In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse. In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous INHBE or expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE as compared to INHBE expression level in a wild-type animal. In some embodiments, the animal has one or more cells expressing human or chimeric INHBE.
[0008] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE at an endogenous INHBE gene locus. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE is operably linked to an endogenous, a human, or a chimeric regulatory element at the endogenous INHBE locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a human or chimeric INHBE. In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous INHBE or expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE as compared to INHBE expression level in a wild-type animal. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of a human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of human INHBE, optionally including at least 752 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises a sequence encoding a human signal peptide. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 736 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse. In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE gene locus. In some embodiments, the animal is homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE gene locus.
[0009] In one aspect, the disclosure is also related to a non-human animal comprising one or more cells comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide, wherein the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide comprises at least 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, or 350 contiguous amino acid residues that are identical to a corresponding contiguous amino acid sequence of a human INHBE polypeptide, wherein the animal expresses the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element of the animal, a human regulatory element, or a chimeric regulatory element. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide is integrated to an endogenous INHBE gene locus of the animal. In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse, wherein the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide has at least one human INHBE activity.
[0010] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to methods for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising: replacing a sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE, at an endogenous INHBE gene locus, in at least one cell of the animal. In some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous INHBE or expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE as compared to INHBE expression level in a wild-type animal. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of a human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 752 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises a sequence encoding a human signal peptide. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is at least 70%, 75, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE encodes an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to human INHBE (NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) . In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 736 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element, e.g., a promoter and / or 5’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat. In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse. In some embodiments, the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE gene locus.
[0011] In one aspect, the disclosure is also related to methods of making a genetically-modified animal cell that expresses a human or chimeric INHBE, the methods comprising: replacing a nucleotide sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE, at an endogenous INHBE gene locus, with a nucleotide sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE, thereby generating a genetically-modified animal cell that includes a nucleotide sequence that encodes the human or chimeric INHBE, wherein the animal cell expresses the human or chimeric INHBE. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of a human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 752 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises a sequence encoding a human signal peptide. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is at least 70%, 75, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE encodes an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to human INHBE (NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) . In some embodiments, the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE, optionally including at least 736 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element, e.g., a promoter and / or 5’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse. In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or chimeric polypeptide. In some embodiments, the additional human or chimeric polypeptide is one or more selected from the group consisting of Lipoprotein A (LPA) , Angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) , G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) , ANGPTL4, Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) , 4-1BB, Cluster of Differentiation 40 (CD40) , T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) , CD27, CD28, B7 Homolog 3 (B7H3) , OX40, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) . In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or chimeric polypeptide. In some embodiments, the additional human or chimeric protein is one or more selected from the group consisting of LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4.
[0012] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to methods of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, comprising: a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein, wherein the animal has a tumor; and b) determining inhibitory effects of the therapeutic agent to the tumor. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an anti-INHBE antibody (e.g., an anti-human INHBE antibody) . In some embodiments, the tumor comprises one or more cancer cells that are injected into the animal. In some embodiments, determining inhibitory effects of the anti-INHBE antibody to the tumor involves measuring the tumor volume in the animal. In some embodiments, the cancer is a solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, or gastric cancer.
[0013] In one aspect, the disclosure is also related to methods of determining effectiveness of an anti-INHBE antibody and an additional therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, comprising: a) administering the anti-INHBE antibody and the additional therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein, wherein the animal has a tumor; and b) determining inhibitory effects on the tumor. In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding a human or chimeric PD-1, a human or chimeric PD-L1, and / or a human or chimeric CTLA4. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, or an anti-CTLA4 antibody. In some embodiments, the tumor comprises one or more tumor cells that express PD-L1. In some embodiments, the tumor comprises one or more cancer cells that are injected into the animal. In some embodiments, determining inhibitory effects of the treatment involves measuring the tumor volume in the animal. In some embodiments, the animal has a solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, or gastric cancer.
[0014] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to methods of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a metabolic disorder, comprising: a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein, wherein the animal has the metabolic disorder; and b) determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the metabolic disorder. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is obesity or type II diabetes.
[0015] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to methods of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a cardiovascular disease, comprising: a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein, wherein the animal has the cardiovascular disease; and b) determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the cardiovascular disease. In some embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease.
[0016] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to methods of determining toxicity of a therapeutic agent comprising: a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein; and b) determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the animal. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an anti-INHBE antibody. In some embodiments, determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the animal involves measuring the body weight, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and / or hemoglobin of the animal.
[0017] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to proteins comprising an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is one of the following: (a) an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2; (b) an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2; (c) an amino acid sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2; (d) an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid; or (e) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one, two, three, four, five or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
[0018] In one aspect, the disclosure is also related to nucleic acids comprising a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence is one of the following: (a) a sequence that encodes the protein as described herein; (b) SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32; (c) a sequence that is at least 90%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32; or (d) a sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32.
[0019] In one aspect, the disclosure is also related to cells comprising the protein as described herein and / or the nucleic acid as described herein.
[0020] In one aspect, the disclosure is also related to animals comprising the protein as described herein and / or the nucleic acid as described herein.
[0021] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to methods of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of an INHBE-related disorder, comprising: (a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein, wherein the animal has the INHBE-related disorder; and (b) determining therapeutic effects of the therapeutic agent to the INHBE-related disorder, wherein the INHBE-related disorder is a cancer (e.g., solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, or lung cancer) , a metabolic disease (e.g., obesity or type II diabetes) , or a cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease) .
[0022] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an INHBE-targeting agent. In some embodiments, the INHBE-targeting agent is an anti-INHBE antibody (e.g., an anti-human INHBE antibody) . In some embodiments, the INHBE-targeting agent is an INHBE-inhibitory nucleic acid (e.g., antisense, shRNA, siRNA, or double-stranded RNA) .
[0023] In one aspect, the disclosure is also related to methods of determining effectiveness of an anti-INHBE antibody and an additional therapeutic agent for the treatment of an INHBE-related disorder, comprising (a) administering the anti-INHBE antibody and the additional therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein wherein the animal has the INHBE-related disorder; and (b) determining inhibitory effects on the INHBE-related disorder, wherein the INHBE-related disorder is a cancer (e.g., solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, or lung cancer) , a metabolic disease (e.g., obesity or type II diabetes) , or a cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease) . In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding Lipoprotein A (LPA) , Angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) , G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) , ANGPTL4, Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) , 4-1BB, Cluster of Differentiation 40 (CD40) , T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) , CD27, CD28, B7 Homolog 3 (B7H3) , OX40, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) , or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody (e.g., an anti-human antibody) that binds to LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitory nucleic acid (e.g., antisense, shRNA, siRNA, or double-stranded RNA) that targets LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, or any combination thereof.
[0024] The disclosure further relates to a INHBE genomic DNA sequence of a humanized mouse, a DNA sequence obtained by a reverse transcription of the mRNA obtained by transcription thereof is consistent with or complementary to the DNA sequence; a construct expressing the amino acid sequence thereof; a cell comprising the construct thereof; a tissue comprising the cell thereof.
[0025] The disclosure further relates to the use of the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal, the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the development of a product related to an immunization process of human cells, the manufacture of a human antibody, or the model system for a research in pharmacology, immunology, microbiology and medicine.
[0026] The disclosure also relates to the use of the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal, the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the production and utilization of an animal experimental disease model of an immunization processes involving human cells, the study on a pathogen, or the development of a new diagnostic strategy and / or a therapeutic strategy.
[0027] The disclosure further relates to the use of the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal, the animal model generated through the methods as described herein, in the screening, verifying, evaluating or studying the INHBE gene function, human INHBE antibodies, the drugs or efficacies for human INHBE targeting sites, and the drugs for immune-related diseases and antitumor drugs.
[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and materials are described herein for use in the present invention; other, suitable methods and materials known in the art can also be used. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, sequences, database entries, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
[0029] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and from the claims.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] FIG. 1 shows the Southern blot identification results of F1 generation INHBE gene humanized mice. WT is the wild-type control.
[0031] FIG. 2 shows RT-PCR detection results of mINHBE and hINHBE. + / + is wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, H / + is INHBE gene humanized heterozygous mice, and H2O is the water control.
[0032] FIG. 3 shows RT-PCR detection results of mINHBE and hINHBE. + / + is wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, H / H is INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice, and H2O is the water control.
[0033] FIG. 4 shows Western Blot detection results of mouse-human cross active INHBE. + / + is wild-type C57BL / 6 mice and H / H is INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice.
[0034] FIG. 5 shows qPCR detection results of mRNA in the liver of INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice under fasting or non-fasting conditions.
[0035] FIG. 6 shows qPCR detection results of mouse INHBE mRNA in the liver. Group G1 was injected with PBS, and Group G2 was injected with nucleic acid drug A targeting human INHBE.
[0036] FIG. 7 shows qPCR detection results of human INHBE mRNA in the liver. Group G1 was injected with PBS, and Group G2 was injected with nucleic acid drug A targeting human INHBE.
[0037] FIG. 8 shows qPCR detection results of human INHBE mRNA in the liver. Group G1 was injected with PBS, and Group G2 was injected with nucleic acid drug B targeting human INHBE.
[0038] FIG. 9A shows the alignment between human INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_113667.1; SEQ ID NO: 2) and mouse INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_032408.2; SEQ ID NO: 1) .
[0039] FIG. 9B shows the alignment between human INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_113667.1; SEQ ID NO: 2) and rat INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_114003.2) .
[0040] FIG. 10A shows the qPCR results of INHBE mRNA in the liver of mice after the administration of human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug B. Group G1 was untreated, Group G2 was injected with saline, and Group G3 was injected with the human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug.
[0041] FIG. 10B shows the changes in body weight of mice. Group G1 was untreated, Group G2 was injected with saline, and Group G3 was injected with the human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug.
[0042] FIG. 11 shows the weight of subcutaneous fat, inguinal fat, and perirenal fat after the administration of human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug B. Group G1 was untreated, Group G2 was injected with saline, and Group G3 was injected with the human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug.
[0043] FIG. 12A shows triglyceride (TG) concentration in the liver after administration of human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug B. Group G1 was untreated, Group G2 was injected with saline, and Group G3 was injected with the human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug.
[0044] FIG. 12B shows total cholesterol (TC) concentration in the liver after the administration of human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug B. Group G1 was untreated, Group G2 was injected with saline, and Group G3 was injected with the human INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] This disclosure relates to transgenic non-human animal with human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) inhibin βE subunit (INHBE) , and methods of use thereof. The described transgenic non-human animal can express human or chimeric INHBE (e.g., humanized INHBE) protein. It can be used for studying the function of the INHBE gene and for screening and evaluating INHBE pathway modulators (e.g., anti-human INHBE antibodies, oligonucleotide drugs, and / or peptide drugs) . Additionally, the animal model prepared by the methods described herein can be used for drug screening, pharmacodynamic studies, treatment of immune-related diseases, and treatment of diseases targeting human INHBE sites. The model described herein can also be used to promote new drug development and design, saving time and costs.
[0046] Experimental animal models are an indispensable research tool for studying the effects of therapeutic agents targeting INHBE (e.g., anti-INHBE antibodies) . With the continuous development and maturation of genetic engineering technologies, the use of human cells or genes to replace or substitute an animal’s endogenous similar cells or genes to establish a biological system or disease model closer to human, and establish the humanized experimental animal models (humanized animal model) has provided an important tool for new clinical approaches or means. In this context, the genetically engineered animal model, that is, the use of genetic manipulation techniques, the use of human normal or mutant genes to replace animal homologous genes, can be used to establish the genetically modified animal models that are closer to human gene systems. The humanized animal models have various important applications. For example, due to the presence of human or humanized genes, the animals can express or express in part of the proteins with human functions, so as to greatly reduce the differences in clinical trials between humans and animals, and provide the possibility of drug screening using animal models.
[0047] Inhibin subunit βE (INHBE)
[0048] Inhibin and activin proteins are members of the the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily, which controls cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and differentiation in many cell types and organs including the liver. The mammalian inhibin family includes one α-gene (INHA) and four β-genes (INHBA, INHBB, INHBC, and INHBE) . Gene products dimerise to form inhibin and activin proteins. Inhibins are heterodimers consisting of the α-subunit and one β-subunit. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of two β-subunits. INHBE encodes inhibin subunit βE (INHBE) , which is a secreted protein and functions either as a homodimer (hepatokine activin E) or in combination with other inhibin / activin subunits.
[0049] INHBE protein has, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, a propeptide region, and a chain region. The signal peptide, at the N-terminus (beginning) of the protein, directs the newly synthesized protein to the endoplasmic reticulum for secretion. The signal peptide can be cleaved off the protein reaches its destination. Following the signal peptide, but before the mature protein sequence, there is propeptide region that is involved in the proper folding and processing of the protein. The propeptide can be removed during the maturation process to activate the protein. The chain region is the main body of the protein, following the propeptide region. The chain region includes the domains necessary for its role in signaling and interaction with other molecules.
[0050] INHBE mRNA is predominantly expressed in the liver, and INHBE protein is involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. INHBE gene can be upregulated under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer cell lines. By inhibiting INHBE, the growth of tumors can slow down or even become halted, particularly in cancers where INHBE is overexpressed. Additionally, Targeting INHBE can help reduce this immunosuppression, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of other treatments like immunotherapy. Furthermore, it has been reported that insulin stimulated INHBE expression in liver cells, and INHBE mRNA was upregulated in the livers of diet-induced obese mice, suggesting that INHBE is implicated in glucose metabolism. However, the association between insulin resistance and INHBE expression in the liver of humans has not been determined. Moreover, the role of INHBE in metabolic functions has not been clarified in obese insulin-resistant conditions. Furthermore, predicted loss of function variants in INHBE associate with lower waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI, a surrogate for abdominal fat that is linked to type II diabetes and coronary heart disease. These findings highlight INHBE (or activin E) as a potential therapeutic target for abdominal obesity, a phenotype linked to cardiometabolic diseases, type II diabetes, or cancers.
[0051] A detailed description of INHBE and its function can be found, e.g., in Sugiyama, M., et al. “Inhibin βE (INHBE) is a possible insulin resistance-associated hepatokine identified by comprehensive gene expression analysis in human liver biopsy samples. ” PLoS ONE 13.3 (2018) : e0194798; Deaton, A.M., et al. “Rare loss of function variants in the hepatokine gene INHBE protect from abdominal obesity. ” Nature Communications 13 (2022) : 4319; Brüning, A., et al. “Inhibin beta E is upregulated by drug-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress as a transcriptional target gene of ATF4. ” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 264.2 (2012) : 300-304; Akbari, P., et al. “Multiancestry exome sequencing reveals INHBE mutations associated with favorable fat distribution and protection from diabetes. ” Nature Communications 13 (2022) : 4844; and Deli, A., et al. “Activins and activin antagonists in hepatocellular carcinoma. ” World Journal of Gastroenterology 14.11 (2008) : 1699–1709; each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0052] In human genome, human INHBE gene (NCBI Gene ID: 83729, UniPro ID: P58166) is in Chromosome 12 of the human genome, which is located at NC_000012.12 from the position 57455307 to the position 57458025 (GRCh38. p14 (GCF_000001405.40) ) . Human INHBE gene (Gene ID: 83729) locus has two exons, exon 1 and exon 2. The human INHBE protein also has, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, a propeptide region, and a chain region. The nucleotide sequence for human INHBE mRNA is NM_031479.5, and the amino acid sequence for human INHBE is NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) . The location for each exon and each region in human INHBE nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence is listed below:
[0053] Table 1
[0054] Based on transcript NM_031479.5 and its encoding protein NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) , the 5’ -UTR is at positions from 57455307 to 57455536, exon 1 is at positions from 57455307 to 57455834, intron 1 is at positions from 57455835 to 57456093, exon 2 is at positions from 57456094 to 57458025, and the 3’ -UTR is at positions from 57456849 to 57458025. All relevant information for human INHBE locus can be found in the NCBI website with Gene ID: 83729, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0055] In mouse genome, mouse INHBE gene (NCBI Gene ID: 16326, UniProt ID: O08717) is in Chromosome 10 of the mouse genome, which is located at NC_000076.7 from the position 127185271 to the position 127187717 (GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) ) . Mouse INHBE gene (Gene ID: 16326) locus has two exons, exon 1 and exon 2. The mouse INHBE protein also has, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, a propeptide region, and a chain region. The nucleotide sequence for mouse INHBE mRNA is NM_008382.3, and the amino acid sequence for mouse INHBE is NP_032408.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) . The location for each exon and each region in mouse INHBE nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence is listed below:
[0056] Table 2
[0057] Based on transcript NM_008382.3 and its encoding protein NP_032408.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) , the 5’ -UTR is at positions from 127187415 to 127190280, exon 1 is at positions from 127190280 to 127187117, intron 1 is at positions from 127187116 to 127186881, exon 2 is at positions from 127186880 to 127184726, and the 3’ -UTR is at positions from 127184726 to 127186125. All relevant information for human INHBE locus can be found in the NCBI website with Gene ID: 16326, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0058] FIG. 9A shows the alignment between human INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_113667.1; SEQ ID NO: 2) and mouse INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_032408.2; SEQ ID NO: 1) . Thus, the corresponding amino acid residue or region between human and mouse INHBE can be found in FIG. 9A.
[0059] INHBE genes, proteins, and locus of the other species are also known in the art. For example, the gene ID for INHBE in Rattus norvegicus (rat) is 83711, the gene ID for INHBE in Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey) is 714695, the gene ID for INHBE in Canis lupus familiaris (dog) is 100856447, and the gene ID for INHBE in Sus scrofa (pig) is 100518554. The relevant information for these genes (e.g., intron sequences, exon sequences, amino acid residues of these proteins) can be found, e.g., in NCBI database, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. FIG. 9B shows the alignment between human INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_113667.1; SEQ ID NO: 2) and rat INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_114003.2) . Thus, the corresponding amino acid residue or region between human and rat INHBE can be found in FIG. 9B.
[0060] The present disclosure provides human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) INHBE nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences. In some embodiments, the entire sequence of mouse exon 1, exon 2, the coding sequence of signal peptide, the coding sequence of propeptide region, and / or the coding sequence of chain region are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of mouse exon 1, exon 2, the coding sequence of signal peptide, the coding sequence of propeptide region, and / or the coding sequence of chain region are replaced by the corresponding human sequence. The term “region” or “portion” can refer to at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2201, 2205, 2210, 2211, 2215, or 2220 nucleotides, or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, or 350 amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the “region” or “portion” can be at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to exon 1, exon 2, the coding sequence of signal peptide, the coding sequence of propeptide region, and / or the coding sequence of chain region. In some embodiments, a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of mouse exon 1 and / or exon 2 (e.g., a portion of exon 1 and all exon 2) are replaced by a region, a portion, or the entire sequence of the human exon 1 and / or exon 2 (e.g., a portion of exon 1 and all exon 2) .
[0061] In some embodiments, a “region” or “portion” of mouse exon 1, exon 2, the coding sequence of signal peptide, the coding sequence of propeptide region, and / or the coding sequence of chain region is deleted.
[0062] In some embodiments, the present disclosure is related to a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises a chimeric (e.g., humanized) INHBE nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the chimeric INHBE nucleotide sequence encodes a human or chimeric INHBE protein. In some embodiments, the chimeric INHBE protein has a human or humanized signal peptide, a human or humanized propeptide region, and / or a human or humanized chain region.
[0063] In some embodiments, the chimeric (e.g., humanized) INHBE nucleotide sequence encodes a INHBE protein comprising a signal peptide, a propeptide region, and / or a chain region. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1~19 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises all or part of human INHBE signal peptide. In some embodiments, the propeptide region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 20~236 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the propeptide region comprises all or part of human INHBE propeptide region. In some embodiments, the chain region comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the chain region comprises all or part of human INHBE chain region. In some embodiments, the human or chimeric INHBE protein has a sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%identical to amino acids 1~350 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0064] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a sequence encoding a human or humanized INHBE protein. In some embodiments, the INHBE protein comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, a propeptide region, and a chain region. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein comprises a human or humanized signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein comprises an endogenous signal peptide. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein comprises a human or humanized propeptide region. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein comprises an endogenous propeptide region. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein comprises a human or humanized chain region. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein comprises an endogenous chain region. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein comprises a human or humanized signal peptide, a human or humanized propeptide region, and a human or humanized chain region.
[0065] UTRs are untranslated regions are crucial segments of mRNA that do not code for proteins but play significant roles in regulating gene expression. UTRs includes 5’ -UTR located upstream of the coding sequence and 3’ -UTR located downstream of the coding sequence. 5’ -UTR contains regulatory elements that influence the initiation of translation and helps in the binding of ribosomes to the mRNA. 3’ -UTR contains regulatory regions that affect mRNA stability, localization, and translation efficiency, and often includes binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins that can either enhance or repress translation.
[0066] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified non-human animal described herein comprises a human or humanized INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE gene comprises 2 exons. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE gene comprises humanized exon 1 and / or human exon 2. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE gene comprises human or humanized 5’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE gene comprises human or humanized 3’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE gene comprises endogenous 5’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE gene comprises endogenous 3’ -UTR.
[0067] Thus, in some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a chimeric (e.g., humanized) INHBE nucleotide sequence and / or amino acid sequences, wherein in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from mouse INHBE mRNA sequence (e.g., NM_008382.3) , mouse INHBE amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1) , or a portion thereof (e.g., 5’ -UTR and / or a portion of exon 1) ; and in some embodiments, at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%of the sequence are identical to or derived from human INHBE mRNA sequence (e.g., NM_031479.5) , human INHBE amino acid sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 2) , or a portion thereof (e.g., a portion of exon 1 and / or all exon 2) .
[0068] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding amino acids 1~350 of mouse INHBE (SEQ ID NO: 1) is replaced. In some embodiments, the sequence is replaced by a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE (e.g., amino acids 1~350 of human INHBE (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) .
[0069] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding amino acids 1~21, 22~350, or 1~350 of mouse INHBE (SEQ ID NO: 1) is replaced. In some embodiments, the sequence is replaced by a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE (e.g., amino acids 1~19, 20~350, or 1~350 of human INHBE (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) .
[0070] In some embodiments, the nucleic acids as described herein are operably linked to a promotor or regulatory element, e.g., an endogenous mouse INHBE promotor, an inducible promoter, an enhancer, and / or any mouse or human regulatory elements.
[0071] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2410, 2420, 2430, 2440, 2450, 2455, 2458, 2460, 2462, 2465, 2470, or 2500 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that are different from part of or the entire mouse INHBE nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 1 and the entire exon 2 of NM_008382.3) .
[0072] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2201, 2205, 2210, 2211, 2215, or 2220 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that are the same as part of or the entire mouse INHBE nucleotide sequence (e.g., 5’ -UTR, a portion of exon 1 of NM_008382.3) .
[0073] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2201, 2205, 2210, 2211, 2215, or 2220 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that are different from part of or the entire human INHBE nucleotide sequence (e.g., 5’ -UTR and a portion of exon 1 of NM_031479.5) .
[0074] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2410, 2420, 2430, 2440, 2450, 2455, 2458, 2460, 2462, 2465, 2470, or 2500 nucleotides, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous nucleotides) that are the same as part of or the entire human INHBE nucleotide sequence (e.g., a portion of exon 1 and the entire exon 2 of NM_031479.5) .
[0075] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, or 350 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that are different from part of or the entire mouse INHBE amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1~21, 22~236, 237~350, or 1~350 of NP_032408.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) ) .
[0076] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, or 350 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that are the same as part of or the entire mouse INHBE amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1~21, 22~236, 237~350, or 1~350 of NP_032408.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) ) . In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has no more than a portion (e.g., no more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, or 330 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that are the same as part of or the entire mouse INHBE amino acid sequence. In some embodiments, no amino acids are identical to mouse INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_032408.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1) .
[0077] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has no more than a portion (e.g., no more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, or 330 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is different from part of or the entire human INHBE amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1~19, 20-236, or 237-350 of NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) . In some embodiments, no amino acids are different from human INHBE amino acid sequence (NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) )
[0078] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence has at least a portion (e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, or 350 amino acid residues, e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous amino acid residues) that is the same as part of or the entire human INHBE amino acid sequence (e.g., amino acids 1~350 of NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) .
[0079] The present disclosure also provides a humanized INHBE mouse amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0080] a) an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;
[0081] b) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;
[0082] c) an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is able to hybridize to a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or 2 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0083] d) an amino acid sequence having a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;
[0084] e) an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; or
[0085] f) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
[0086] The present disclosure also provides a humanized INHBE amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0087] a) all or part of amino acids 1~350, 20~350, or 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 2;
[0088] b) an amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%to amino acids 1~350, 20~350, or 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 2;
[0089] c) an amino acid sequence that is different from amino acids 1~350, 20~350, or 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 2 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and
[0090] d) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to amino acids 1~350, 20~350, or 237-350 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0091] The present disclosure also provides a humanized INHBE amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of:
[0092] a) all or part of amino acids 1~21, 22~236, 1~236, or 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 1;
[0093] b) an amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%to amino acids 1~21, 22~236, 1~236, or 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 1;
[0094] c) an amino acid sequence that is different from amino acids 1~21, 22~236, 1~236, or 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 1 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and
[0095] d) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to amino acids 1~21, 22~236, 1~236, or 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0096] The present disclosure also relates to a INHBE nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or RNA) sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence can be selected from the group consisting of:
[0097] a) a nucleic acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32, or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a homologous INHBE amino acid sequence of a humanized mouse INHBE;
[0098] b) a nucleic acid sequence that is able to hybridize to the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32 under a low stringency condition or a strict stringency condition;
[0099] c) a nucleic acid sequence that has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32;
[0100] d) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%with or at least 90%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;
[0101] e) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence has a homology of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%with, or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;
[0102] f) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or no more than 1 amino acid; and / or
[0103] g) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
[0104] The present disclosure further relates to a INHBE genomic DNA sequence of a humanized mouse. The DNA sequence is obtained by reverse transcription of the mRNA obtained by transcription thereof is consistent with or complementary to the DNA sequence homologous to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6.
[0105] The disclosure also provides an amino acid sequence that has a homology of at least 90%with, or at least 90%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 and has protein activity. In some embodiments, the homology with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 is at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99%. In some embodiments, the foregoing homology is at least about 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 80%, or 85%.
[0106] In some embodiments, the percentage identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 is at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99%. In some embodiments, the foregoing percentage identity is at least about 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 80%, or 85%.
[0107] The disclosure also provides a nucleotide sequence that has a homology of at least 90%, or at least 90%identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6, and encodes a polypeptide that has protein activity. In some embodiments, the homology with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6 is at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99%. In some embodiments, the foregoing homology is at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 80%, or 85%.
[0108] In some embodiments, the percentage identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32 is at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or at least 99%. In some embodiments, the foregoing percentage identity is at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 80%, or 85%.
[0109] The disclosure also provides a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identical to any nucleotide sequence as described herein, and an amino acid sequence that is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identical to any amino acid sequence as described herein. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to nucleotide sequences encoding any peptides that are described herein, or any amino acid sequences that are encoded by any nucleotide sequences as described herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is less than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, 3000, 3200, 3400, 3600, 3800, 4000, or 4200 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence is less than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 245, 250, 251, 252, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 304, 310, 320, 330, 340, or 350 amino acid residues.
[0110] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence (i) comprises an amino acid sequence; or (ii) consists of an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is any one of the sequences as described herein.
[0111] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence (i) comprises a nucleic acid sequence; or (ii) consists of a nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is any one of the sequences as described herein.
[0112] To determine the percent identity of two amino acid sequences, or of two nucleic acid sequences, the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in one or both of a first and a second amino acid or nucleic acid sequence for optimal alignment and non-homologous sequences can be disregarded for comparison purposes) . The amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide as the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecules are identical at that position. The percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences, taking into account the number of gaps, and the length of each gap, which need to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two sequences. For example, the comparison of sequences and determination of percent identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a Blossum 62 scoring matrix with a gap penalty of 12, a gap extend penalty of 4, and a frameshift gap penalty of 5.
[0113] The percentage of residues conserved with similar physicochemical properties (percent homology) , e.g., leucine and isoleucine, can also be used to measure sequence similarity. Families of amino acid residues having similar physicochemical properties have been defined in the art. These families include amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . The homology percentage, in many cases, is higher than the identity percentage.
[0114] Cells, tissues, and animals (e.g., mouse) are also provided that comprise the nucleotide sequences as described herein, as well as cells, tissues, and animals (e.g., mouse) that express human or chimeric (e.g., humanized) INHBE from an endogenous non-human INHBE locus.
[0115] Genetically modified animals
[0116] As used herein, the term “genetically-modified non-human animal” refers to a non-human animal having exogenous DNA in at least one chromosome of the animal’s genome. In some embodiments, at least one or more cells, e.g., at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%of cells of the genetically-modified non-human animal have the exogenous DNA in its genome. The cell having exogenous DNA can be various kinds of cells, e.g., an endogenous cell, a somatic cell, an immune cell, a T cell, a B cell, an antigen presenting cell, a macrophage, a dendritic cell, a germ cell, a blastocyst, or an endogenous tumor cell. In some embodiments, genetically-modified non-human animals are provided that comprise a modified endogenous INHBE locus that comprises an exogenous sequence (e.g., a human sequence) , e.g., a replacement of one or more non-human sequences with one or more human sequences. The animals are generally able to pass the modification to progeny, i.e., through germline transmission.
[0117] As used herein, the term “chimeric gene” or “chimeric nucleic acid” refers to a gene or a nucleic acid, wherein two or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid are from different species, or at least one of the sequences of the gene or the nucleic acid does not correspond to the wild-type nucleic acid in the animal. In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or chimeric nucleic acid has at least one portion of the sequence that is derived from two or more different sources, e.g., sequences encoding different proteins or sequences encoding the same (or homologous) protein of two or more different species. In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or the chimeric nucleic acid is a humanized gene or humanized nucleic acid.
[0118] As used herein, the term “chimeric protein” or “chimeric polypeptide” refers to a protein or a polypeptide, wherein two or more portions of the protein or the polypeptide are from different species, or at least one of the sequences of the protein or the polypeptide does not correspond to wild-type amino acid sequence in the animal. In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide has at least one portion of the sequence that is derived from two or more different sources, e.g., same (or homologous) proteins of different species. In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide is a humanized protein or a humanized polypeptide.
[0119] As used herein, the term “humanized protein” or “humanized polypeptide” refers to a protein or a polypeptide, wherein at least a portion of the protein or the polypeptide is from the human protein or human polypeptide. In some embodiments, the humanized protein or polypeptide is a human protein or polypeptide.
[0120] As used herein, the term “humanized nucleic acid” refers to a nucleic acid, wherein at least a portion of the nucleic acid is from the human. In some embodiments, the entire nucleic acid of the humanized nucleic acid is from human. In some embodiments, the humanized nucleic acid is a humanized exon. A humanized exon can be, e.g., a human exon or a chimeric exon.
[0121] In some embodiments, the chimeric gene or the chimeric nucleic acid is a humanized INHBE gene or a humanized INHBE nucleic acid. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from the human INHBE gene, at least one or more portions of the gene or the nucleic acid is from a non-human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the gene or the nucleic acid comprises a sequence that encodes an INHBE protein. The encoded INHBE protein is functional or has at least one activity of the human INHBE protein or the non-human INHBE protein, e.g., modulating cell growth or metabolic activities.
[0122] In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE gene includes a nucleotide sequence of 20 bp~3241bp (contiguous or non-contiguous) that is identical to the sequence at human INHBE gene locus. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is 20~3241 bp, or 231~2460 bp, e.g., 20, 50, 100, 200, 231, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 750, 756, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2460, 2500, 3000, or 3241 bp.
[0123] In some embodiments, the chimeric protein or the chimeric polypeptide is a humanized INHBE protein or a humanized INHBE polypeptide. In some embodiments, at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a human INHBE protein, and at least one or more portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or the polypeptide is from a non-human INHBE protein. The humanized INHBE protein or the humanized INHBE polypeptide is functional or has at least one activity of the human INHBE protein or the non-human INHBE protein.
[0124] In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE protein includes a polypeptide sequence of 5~350 amino acids (contiguous or non-contiguous) that is identical to human INHBE protein. In some embodiments, the polypeptide sequence is 5~350 or 19~350 amino acids in length, e.g., 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 252, 253, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, or 350 amino acids.
[0125] In some embodiments, the signal peptide is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the propeptide region is human or humanized. In some embodiments, the chain region is human or humanized. In some embodiments, all the signal peptide, the propeptide region, and the chain region are human or humanized.
[0126] The genetically modified non-human animal can be various animals, e.g., a mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, bovine (e.g., cow, bull, buffalo) , deer, sheep, goat, chicken, cat, dog, ferret, primate (e.g., marmoset, rhesus monkey) . For the non-human animals where suitable genetically modifiable embryonic stem (ES) cells are not readily available, other methods are employed to make a non-human animal comprising the genetic modification. Such methods include, e.g., modifying a non-ES cell genome (e.g., a fibroblast or an induced pluripotent cell) and employing nuclear transfer to transfer the modified genome to a suitable cell, e.g., an oocyte, and gestating the modified cell (e.g., the modified oocyte) in a non-human animal under suitable conditions to form an embryo. These methods are known in the art, and are described, e.g., in A. Nagy, et al., “Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual (Third Edition) , ” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2003, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0127] In one aspect, the animal is a mammal, e.g., of the superfamily Dipodoidea or Muroidea. In some embodiments, the genetically modified animal is a rodent. The rodent can be selected from a mouse, a rat, and a hamster. In some embodiments, the genetically modified animal is from a family selected from Calomyscidae (e.g., mouse-like hamsters) , Cricetidae (e.g., hamster, New World rats and mice, voles) , Muridae (true mice and rats, gerbils, spiny mice, crested rats) , Nesomyidae (climbing mice, rock mice, with-tailed rats, Malagasy rats and mice) , Platacanthomyidae (e.g., spiny dormice) , and Spalacidae (e.g., mole rates, bamboo rats, and zokors) . In some embodiments, the genetically modified rodent is selected from a true mouse or rat (family Muridae) , a gerbil, a spiny mouse, and a crested rat. In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a mouse.
[0128] In some embodiments, the animal is a mouse of a C57BL strain selected from C57BL / A, C57BL / An, C57BL / GrFa, C57BL / KaLwN, C57BL / 6, C57BL / 6J, C57BL / 6ByJ, C57BL / 6NJ, C57BL / 10, C57BL / 10ScSn, C57BL / 10Cr, and C57BL / Ola. In some embodiments, the mouse is a 129 strain selected from the group consisting of a strain that is 129P1, 129P2, 129P3, 129X1, 129S1 (e.g., 129S1 / SV, 129S1 / SvIm) , 129S2, 129S4, 129S5, 129S9 / SvEvH, 129S6 (129 / SvEvTac) , 129S7, 129S8, 129T1, 129T2. These mice are described, e.g., in Festing et al., Revised nomenclature for strain 129 mice, Mammalian Genome 10: 836 (1999) ; Auerbach et al., Establishment and Chimera Analysis of 129 / SvEv-and C57BL / 6-Derived Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Lines (2000) , both of which are incorporated herein by reference in the entirety. In some embodiments, the genetically modified mouse is a mix of the 129 strain and the C57BL / 6 strain. In some embodiments, the mouse is a mix of the 129 strains, or a mix of the BL / 6 strains. In some embodiments, the mouse is a BALB strain, e.g., BALB / c strain. In some embodiments, the mouse is a mix of a BALB strain and another strain. In some embodiments, the mouse is from a hybrid line (e.g., 50%BALB / c-50%12954 / Sv; or 50%C57BL / 6-50%129) . In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a rodent. In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a mouse having a BALB / c, A, A / He, A / J, A / WySN, AKR, AKR / A, AKR / J, AKR / N, TA1, TA2, RF, SWR, C3H, C57BR, SJL, C57L, DBA / 2, KM, NIH, ICR, CFW, FACA, C57BL / A, C57BL / An, C57BL / GrFa, C57BL / KaLwN, C57BL / 6, C57BL / 6J, C57BL / 6ByJ, C57BL / 6NJ, C57BL / 10, C57BL / 10ScSn, C57BL (C57BL / 10Cr and C57BL / Ola) , C58, CBA / Br, CBA / Ca, CBA / J, CBA / st, or CBA / H background. In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a mouse having NOD, NOD / SCID, or NOD-Prkdcscid IL-2rgnull background.
[0129] In one aspect, the non-human animal is a mammal. In one aspect, the non-human animal is a small mammal, e.g., a jerboa. In one embodiment, the genetically humanized non-human animal is a rodent. In one embodiment, the rodent is selected from the group consisting of mice, rats and hamsters. In one embodiment, the rodent is selected from the murine family. In one embodiment, the genetically modified animal is selected from a group consisting of hamsteridae (e.g., mouse-like hamsters) , hamsteridae (e.g., hamsters, New World rats and mice, voles) , murine superfamily (e.g., true mouse and rats, gerbils, spiny rats, and crested rats) , Falkomuridae (e.g., climbing mice, rock mice, tailed rats, Madagascar rats and mice) , Dormocidae (e.g., spiny dormouse) and Moleidae (e.g., mole rats, bamboo rats, and zokors) families. In a specific embodiment, the genetically modified rodent is selected from the group consisting of true mice or rats (Muridae) , gerbils, spiny rats and crested rats. In one embodiment, the genetically modified mouse is from a member of the family Muridae. In one embodiment, the animal is a rodent. In a specific embodiment, the rodent is selected from mice and rats. In one embodiment, the non-human animal is a mouse.
[0130] In some embodiments, the animal is a rat. The rat can be selected from a Wistar rat, an LEA strain, a Sprague Dawley strain, a Fischer strain, F344, F6, and Dark Agouti. In some embodiments, the rat strain is a mix of two or more strains selected from the group consisting of Wistar, LEA, Sprague Dawley, Fischer, F344, F6, and Dark Agouti.
[0131] The animal can have one or more other genetic modifications, and / or other modifications, that are suitable for the particular purpose for which the humanized INHBE animal is made. For example, suitable mice for maintaining a xenograft (e.g., a human cancer or tumor) , can have one or more modifications that compromise, inactivate, or destroy the immune system of the non-human animal in whole or in part. Compromise, inactivation, or destruction of the immune system of the non-human animal can include, for example, destruction of hematopoietic cells and / or immune cells by chemical means (e.g., administering a toxin) , physical means (e.g., irradiating the animal) , and / or genetic modification (e.g., knocking out one or more genes) . Non-limiting examples of such mice include, e.g., NOD mice, SCID mice, NOD / SCID mice, IL2Rγknockout mice, NOD / SCID / γcnull mice (Ito, M. et al., NOD / SCID / γcnull mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells, Blood 100 (9) : 3175-3182, 2002) , nude mice, and Rag1 and / or Rag2 knockout mice. These mice can optionally be irradiated, or otherwise treated to destroy one or more immune cell type. Thus, in various embodiments, a genetically modified mouse is provided that can include a humanization of at least a portion of an endogenous non-human INHBE locus, and further comprises a modification that compromises, inactivates, or destroys the immune system (or one or more cell types of the immune system) of the non-human animal in whole or in part. In some embodiments, modification is, e.g., selected from the group consisting of a modification that results in NOD mice, SCID mice, NOD / SCID mice, IL-2Rγ knockout mice, NOD / SCID / γcnull mice, nude mice, Rag1 and / or Rag2 knockout mice, NOD-Prkdcscid IL-2rγnull mice, NOD-Rag 1- / --IL2rg- / - (NRG) mice, Rag 2- / --IL2rg- / - (RG) mice, and a combination thereof. These genetically modified animals are described, e.g., in US20150106961, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the mouse can include a replacement of all or part of mature INHBE coding sequence with human mature INHBE coding sequence.
[0132] Genetically modified non-human animals can comprise a modification at an endogenous non-human INHBE locus. In some embodiments, the modification can comprise a human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least a portion of a mature INHBE protein (e.g., at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the mature INHBE protein sequence) . Although genetically modified cells are also provided that can comprise the modifications described herein (e.g., ES cells, somatic cells) , in many embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals comprise the modification of the endogenous INHBE locus in the germline of the animal.
[0133] Genetically modified animals can express a human INHBE and / or a chimeric (e.g., humanized) INHBE from endogenous mouse loci, wherein the endogenous mouse INHBE gene has been replaced with a human INHBE gene and / or a nucleotide sequence that encodes a region of human INHBE sequence or an amino acid sequence that is at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70&, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to the human INHBE sequence. In various embodiments, an endogenous non-human INHBE locus is modified in whole or in part to comprise human nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one protein-coding sequence of a mature INHBE protein.
[0134] In some embodiments, the genetically modified mice can express the human INHBE and / or chimeric INHBE (e.g., humanized INHBE) from endogenous loci that are under control of mouse promoters and / or mouse regulatory elements. The replacement (s) at the endogenous mouse loci provide non-human animals that express human INHBE or chimeric INHBE (e.g., humanized INHBE) in appropriate cell types and in a manner that does not result in the potential pathologies observed in some other transgenic mice known in the art. The human INHBE or the chimeric INHBE (e.g., humanized INHBE) expressed in animal can maintain one or more functions of the wild-type mouse or human INHBE in the animal. For example, the expressed INHBE can modulate cell growth, metabolic activities, and / or inflammation. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the animal does not express endogenous INHBE. In some embodiments, the animal expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE as compared to INHBE expression level in a wild-type animal. As used herein, the term “endogenous INHBE” refers to INHBE protein that is expressed from an endogenous INHBE nucleotide sequence of the non-human animal (e.g., mouse) before any genetic modification.
[0135] The genome of the animal can comprise a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to human INHBE (NP_113667.1; SEQ ID NO: 2) . In some embodiments, the genome comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6.
[0136] The genome of the genetically modified animal can comprise a replacement at an endogenous INHBE gene locus of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is any sequence within the endogenous INHBE gene locus, e.g., exon 1, exon 2, 5’ -UTR, 3’ -UTR, intron 1, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is within the regulatory region of the endogenous INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence that is replaced is a portion of exon 1 and the entire exon 2 of an endogenous mouse INHBE gene locus.
[0137] The genetically modified animal can have one or more cells expressing a human or chimeric INHBE (e.g., humanized INHBE) having, from N-terminus to C-terminus, a signal peptide, a propeptide region, and a chain region. In some embodiments, the signal peptide comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the signal peptide of human INHBE. In some embodiments, the signal peptide of the humanized INHBE has a sequence that has at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the signal peptide of human INHBE. In some embodiments, the propeptide region comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the propeptide region of human INHBE. In some embodiments, the propeptide region of the humanized INHBE has a sequence that has at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 215, 216, or 217 amino acids (e.g., contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the propeptide region of human INHBE. In some embodiments, the chain region comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%identical to the chain region of human INHBE. In some embodiments, the chain region of the humanized INHBE has a sequence that has at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 111, 112, 113, or 114 amino acids (contiguously or non-contiguously) that are identical to the chain region of human INHBE.
[0138] Because human INHBE and non-human INHBE (e.g., mouse INHBE) sequences, in many cases, are different, antibodies that bind to human INHBE will not necessarily have the same binding affinity with non-human INHBE or have the same effects to non-human INHBE. Therefore, the genetically modified animal having a human, or a humanized INHBE can be used to better evaluate the effects of anti-human INHBE antibodies in an animal model.
[0139] In some embodiments, the entire humanized INHBE described herein are derived from human INHBE sequence.
[0140] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that corresponds to a portion or the entire sequence of exon 1 and / or exon 2 of human INHBE; a portion or the entire coding sequence of the signal peptide region, a portion or the entire coding sequence of the propeptide region, and / or a portion or the entire coding sequence of the chain region of human INHBE; or a portion or the entire sequence of amino acids 1~350, 20~350, or 237-350 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0141] In some embodiments, the genome of the genetically modified animal comprises a portion of exon 1 and the entire exon 2 of human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 1 includes at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 231, 240, 260, 280, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, or 528 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 1 includes 298 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the portion of exon 1 includes a nucleotide of at least 20 bp.
[0142] In some embodiments, the non-human animal can have, at an endogenous INHBE gene locus, a nucleotide sequence encoding a chimeric human / non-human INHBE polypeptide, wherein a human portion of the chimeric human / non-human INHBE polypeptide comprises all or a portion of the human INHBE signal peptide, all or a portion of the human INHBE propeptide region, and all or a portion of the human INHBE chain region, wherein the animal expresses a functional INHBE in the animal. The human portion of the chimeric human / non-human INHBE polypeptide can comprise an amino acid sequence encoded by a portion of exon 1 and / or the entire exon 2 of human INHBE. In some embodiments, the human portion of the chimeric human / non-human INHBE polypeptide can comprise a sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to amino acids 1~350 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the signal peptide includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 1~19 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the propeptide region includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 20~236 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the chimeric human / non-human INHBE polypeptide comprises a chain region, which includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the signal peptide includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 1~21 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the propeptide region includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 22~236 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the chimeric human / non-human INHBE polypeptide comprises a chain region, which includes a sequence corresponding to the entire or part of amino acids 237~350 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0143] Furthermore, the genetically modified animal can be heterozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE locus, or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE locus.
[0144] In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus comprises a portion of or an entire human INHBE gene 5’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus lacks a human INHBE gene 5’ -UTR. In some embodiment, the humanized INHBE locus comprises a portion of or an entire endogenous (e.g., mouse) 5’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus comprises a portion of or an entire endogenous (e.g., mouse) 3’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus comprises at least 50 nucleotides (e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous) downstream of the endogenous (e.g., mouse) 3’ -UTR (downstream of endogenous INHBE exon 2) . In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus comprises at least 736 nucleotides (e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous) downstream of the endogenous (e.g., mouse) 3’ -UTR. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus comprises a portion of or an entire downstream of the 3’ -UTR of human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus comprises at least 50 nucleotides (e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous) downstream of the 3’ -UTR of human INHBE gene (downstream of the human INHBE exon 2) . In some embodiments, the humanized INHBE locus comprises at least 752 nucleotides (e.g., contiguous or non-contiguous) downstream of the 3’ -UTR of human INHBE gene. In appropriate cases, it may be reasonable to presume that the mouse and human INHBE genes appear to be similarly regulated based on the similarity of their 5’ -flanking sequence. As shown in the present disclosure, humanized INHBE mice that comprise a replacement at an endogenous mouse INHBE locus, which retain mouse regulatory elements but comprise a humanization of INHBE encoding sequence, do not exhibit pathologies. Both genetically modified mice that are heterozygous or homozygous for humanized INHBE are grossly normal.
[0145] The present disclosure further relates to a non-human mammal generated through the method mentioned above. In some embodiments, the genome thereof contains human gene (s) .
[0146] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal is a rodent, and preferably, the non-human mammal is a mouse.
[0147] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal expresses a protein encoded by a humanized INHBE gene.
[0148] In addition, the present disclosure also relates to a tumor bearing non-human mammal model, characterized in that the non-human mammal model is obtained through the methods as described herein. In some embodiments, the non-human mammal is a rodent (e.g., a mouse) .
[0149] The present disclosure further relates to a cell or cell line, or a primary cell culture thereof derived from the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal; the tissue, organ or a culture thereof derived from the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal; and the tumor tissue derived from the non-human mammal or an offspring thereof when it bears a tumor, or the tumor bearing non-human mammal.
[0150] The present disclosure also provides non-human mammals produced by any of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a non-human mammal is provided; and the genetically modified animal contains the DNA encoding human or humanized INHBE in the genome of the animal.
[0151] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal comprises the genetic construct as described herein. In some embodiments, a non-human mammal expressing human or humanized INHBE is provided. In some embodiments, the tissue-specific expression of human or humanized INHBE protein is provided.
[0152] In some embodiments, the expression of human or humanized INHBE in a genetically modified animal is controllable, as by the addition of a specific inducer or repressor substance. In some embodiments, the specific inducer is selected from Tet-Off System / Tet-On System, or Tamoxifen System.
[0153] Non-human mammals can be any non-human animal known in the art and which can be used in the methods as described herein. Preferred non-human mammals are mammals, (e.g., rodents) . In some embodiments, the non-human mammal is a mouse.
[0154] Genetic, molecular, and behavioral analyses for the non-human mammals described above can be performed. The present disclosure also relates to the progeny produced by the non-human mammal provided by the present disclosure mated with the same or other genotypes.
[0155] The present disclosure also provides a cell line or primary cell culture derived from the non-human mammal or a progeny thereof. A model based on cell culture can be prepared, for example, by the following methods. Cell cultures can be obtained by way of isolation from a non-human mammal, alternatively cells can be obtained from the cell culture established using the same constructs and the standard cell transfection techniques. The integration of genetic constructs containing DNA sequences encoding human INHBE protein can be detected by a variety of methods.
[0156] There are many analytical methods that can be used to detect exogenous DNA, including methods at the level of nucleic acid (including the mRNA quantification approaches using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or Southern blotting, and in situ hybridization) and methods at the protein level (including histochemistry, immunoblot analysis and in vitro binding studies) . In addition, the expression level of the gene of interest can be quantified by ELISA techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Many standard analysis methods can be used to complete quantitative measurements. For example, transcription levels can be measured using RT-PCR and hybridization methods including RNase protection, Southern blot analysis, RNA dot analysis (RNAdot) analysis. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis can also be used to assess the presence of human or humanized INHBE protein.
[0157] In another aspect, the disclosure also provides a genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprise a disruption in the animal’s endogenous INHBE gene, wherein the disruption of the endogenous INHBE gene comprises deletion of exon 1, exon 2, or part thereof of the endogenous INHBE gene.
[0158] In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous INHBE gene comprises deletion of one or more exons or part of exons of exon 1 and exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene.
[0159] In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous INHBE gene further comprises deletion of the entire or part of intron 1 of the endogenous INHBE gene.
[0160] In some embodiments, wherein the deletion can comprise deleting at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 1907, 2000, 2211, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, or more nucleotides.
[0161] In some embodiments, the disruption of the endogenous INHBE gene comprises the deletion of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 298, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 601, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, or 2211 nucleotides of exon 1 and / or exon 2 (e.g., deletion of 298 nucleotides from exon 1 and the entire exon 2) .
[0162] Vectors
[0163] The present disclosure relates to a targeting vector, comprising: a) a DNA fragment homologous to the 5’ end of a region to be altered (5’arm) , which is selected from the INHBE gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides; b) a desired / donor DNA sequence encoding a donor region; and c) a second DNA fragment homologous to the 3’ end of the region to be altered (3’arm) , which is selected from the INHBE gene genomic DNAs in the length of 100 to 10,000 nucleotides.
[0164] In some embodiments, a) the DNA fragment homologous to the 5’ end of a conversion region to be altered (5’arm) is selected from the nucleotide sequences that have at least 90%homology to the NCBI accession number NC_000076.7; c) the DNA fragment homologous to the 3’ end of the region to be altered (3’arm) is selected from the nucleotide sequences that have at least 90%homology to the NCBI accession number NC_000076.7.
[0165] In some embodiments, a) the DNA fragment homologous to the 5’ end of aregion to be altered (5’arm) is selected from the nucleotides from the position 127187415 to the position 127191477 of the NCBI accession number NC_000076.7; c) the DNA fragment homologous to the 3’ end of the region to be altered (3’arm) is selected from the nucleotides from the position 127180557 to the position 127184534 of the NCBI accession number NC_000076.7.
[0166] In some embodiments, the length of the selected genomic nucleotide sequence in the targeting vector can be more than about 3 kb, about 3.5 kb, about 4 kb, about 4.5 kb, about 5 kb, about 5.5 kb, about 6 kb, about 6.5 kb, about 7 kb, about 7.5 kb, or about 8 kb.
[0167] In some embodiments, the region to be altered is exon 1 and / or exon 2 of INHBE gene (e.g., a portion of exon 1 and an entire exon 2 of mouse INHBE gene) .
[0168] The targeting vector can further include one or more selectable markers, e.g., positive or negative selectable markers. In some embodiments, the positive selectable marker is a Neo gene or Neo cassette. In some embodiments, the negative selectable marker is a DTA gene.
[0169] In some embodiments, the sequence of the 5’arm is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; and the sequence of the 3’arm is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the sequence of the 5’ arm is shown in SEQ ID NO: 31; and the sequence of the 3’arm is shown in SEQ ID NO: 32.
[0170] In some embodiments, the sequence is derived from human (e.g., positions 57455537 to 57458777 of NC_000012.12 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 5) ; or 231-2460 of NM_031479.5) . For example, the target region in the targeting vector is a part or entirety of the nucleotide sequence of a human INHBE gene, preferably exon 1 and / or exon 2 of the human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence of the humanized INHBE gene encodes the entire or the part of human INHBE protein with the NCBI accession number NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) .
[0171] The disclosure also provides vectors for constructing a humanized animal model or a knock-out model. In some embodiments, the vectors comprise a sgRNA sequence, wherein the sgRNA sequence targets INHBE gene, and the sgRNA is unique on the target sequence of the gene to be altered, and meets the sequence arrangement rule of 5’ -NNN (20) -NGG3’ or 5’ -CCN-N (20) -3’ ; and in some embodiments, the targeting site of the sgRNA in the mouse INHBE gene is located on the exon 1, exon 2, intron 1, upstream of exon 1, or downstream of exon 2 of the mouse INHBE gene.
[0172] In some embodiments, the targeting sequences are shown as SEQ ID NOs: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30. Thus, the disclosure provides sgRNA sequences for constructing a genetic modified animal model. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide sgRNA sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 22. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide sgRNA sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 25. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide sgRNA sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 26. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide sgRNA sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 27 and 29. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide sgRNA sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 28 and 30.
[0173] In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a plasmid construct (e.g., pT7-sgRNA) including the sgRNA sequence, and / or a cell including the construct.
[0174] The disclosure also relates to a cell comprising the targeting vectors as described above.
[0175] In addition, the present disclosure further relates to a non-human mammalian cell, having any one of the foregoing targeting vectors, and one or more in vitro transcripts of the construct as described herein. In some embodiments, the cell includes Cas9 mRNA or an in vitro transcript thereof.
[0176] In some embodiments, the genes in the cell are heterozygous. In some embodiments, the genes in the cell are homozygous.
[0177] In some embodiments, the non-human mammalian cell is a mouse cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a fertilized egg cell. In some embodiments, the cell is an embryonic stem cell.
[0178] Methods of making genetically modified animals
[0179] Genetically modified animals can be made by several techniques that are known in the art, including, e.g., nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) , homologous recombination (HR) , zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) , transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases (TALEN) , and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) -Cas system. In some embodiments, homologous recombination is used. In some embodiments, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing is used to generate genetically modified animals. Many of these genome editing techniques are known in the art, and is described, e.g., in Yin et al., "Delivery technologies for genome editing, " Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 16.6 (2017) : 387-399, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Many other methods are also provided and can be used in genome editing, e.g., micro-injecting a genetically modified nucleus into an enucleated oocyte, and fusing an enucleated oocyte with another genetically modified cell.
[0180] Thus, in some embodiments, the disclosure provides replacing in at least one cell of the animal, at an endogenous INHBE gene locus, a sequence encoding a region of an endogenous INHBE with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human or chimeric INHBE. In some embodiments, the replacement occurs in a germ cell, a somatic cell, a blastocyst, or a fibroblast, etc. The nucleus of a somatic cell or the fibroblast can be inserted into an enucleated oocyte.
[0181] The targeting strategies involve a vector comprising a 5’ homologous arm, a human INHBE gene fragment (e.g., a human INHBE donor sequence) , and a 3’ homologous arm. The process can involve replacing endogenous INHBE sequence with human sequence by homologous recombination. In some embodiments, the cleavage at the upstream and the downstream of the target site (e.g., by zinc finger nucleases, TALEN or CRISPR) can result in DNA double strands break, and the homologous recombination is used to replace endogenous INHBE sequence with human INHBE sequence.
[0182] Thus, in some embodiments, the methods for making a genetically modified, humanized animal, can include the step of replacing at an endogenous INHBE locus (or site) , a nucleic acid sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE. The sequence can include a region (e.g., a part or the entire region) of exon 1 and / or exon 2 of a human INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the sequence includes a portion of exon 1 and the entire exon 2 of a human INHBE gene (e.g., nucleic acids 231-2460 of NM_031479.5) . In some embodiments, the region includes the signal peptide of human INHBE (e.g., amino acids 1-19 of SEQ ID NO: 2) , and / or the propeptide region of human INHBE (e.g., amino acids 20-236 of SEQ ID NO: 2) . In some embodiments, The sequence can include a region (e.g., a part or the entire region) of exon 1 and / or exon 2 of mouse INHBE. In some embodiments, the sequence includes a portion of exon 1 of mouse INHBE gene (e.g., nucleic acids 1-303 of NM_008382.3) .
[0183] In some embodiments, the methods of modifying a INHBE locus of a mouse to express a chimeric human / mouse INHBE peptide can include the steps of replacing at the endogenous mouse INHBE locus a nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse INHBE with a nucleotide sequence encoding a human INHBE, thereby generating a sequence encoding a chimeric human / mouse INHBE.
[0184] In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequences as described herein do not overlap with each other (e.g., the first nucleotide sequence, the second nucleotide sequence, and / or the third nucleotide sequence do not overlap) . In some embodiments, the amino acid sequences as described herein do not overlap with each other.
[0185] The present disclosure further provides a method for establishing a INHBE gene humanized animal model, involving the following steps:
[0186] (a) providing the cell (e.g. a fertilized egg cell) based on the methods described herein;
[0187] (b) culturing the cell in a liquid culture medium;
[0188] (c) transplanting the cultured cell to the fallopian tube or uterus of the recipient female non-human mammal, allowing the cell to develop in the uterus of the female non-human mammal;
[0189] (d) identifying the germline transmission in the offspring genetically modified humanized non-human mammal of the pregnant female in step (c) .
[0190] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in the foregoing method is a mouse (e.g., a C57BL / 6 mouse) .
[0191] In some embodiments, the non-human mammal in step (c) is a female with pseudopregnancy (or false pregnancy) .
[0192] In some embodiments, the fertilized eggs for the methods described above are C57BL / 6 fertilized eggs. Other fertilized eggs that can also be used in the methods as described herein include, but are not limited to, FVB / N fertilized eggs, BALB / c fertilized eggs, DBA / 1 fertilized eggs and DBA / 2 fertilized eggs.
[0193] Fertilized eggs can come from any non-human animal, e.g., any non-human animal as described herein. In some embodiments, the fertilized egg cells are derived from rodents. The genetic construct can be introduced into a fertilized egg by microinjection of DNA. For example, by way of culturing a fertilized egg after microinjection, a cultured fertilized egg can be transferred to a false pregnant non-human animal, which then gives birth of a non-human mammal, so as to generate the non-human mammal mentioned in the methods described above.
[0194] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises modifying the coding frame of the non-human animal’s INHBE gene, e.g., by inserting a nucleotide sequence (e.g., DNA or cDNA sequence) encoding human or humanized INHBE protein, e.g., immediately after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s INHBE gene. For example, one or more functional region sequences of the non-human animal’s INHBE gene can be knocked out, or inserted with a sequence, such that the non-human animal cannot express or expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE protein. In some embodiments, the coding frame of the modified non-human animal’s INHBE gene can be all or part of the nucleotide sequence from exon 1 to exon 7 of the non-human animal’s INHBE gene.
[0195] In some embodiments, methods of making the genetically modified animal comprises inserting a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized INHBE protein and / or an auxiliary sequence after the endogenous regulatory element of the non-human animal’s INHBE gene. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence can be a stop codon, such that the INHBE gene humanized animal model can express human or humanized INHBE protein in vivo, but does not express non-human animal’s INHBE protein. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sequence includes WPRE (WHP Posttranscriptional Response Element) , loxP, and / or polyA.
[0196] In some embodiments, the insertion refers to placing a target fragment directly between two adjacent bases without deleting nucleotides. For example, the target fragment can be a human INHBE gene, a humanized INHBE gene, a nucleotide sequence encoding a human or humanized INHBE protein, or a nucleotide sequence obtained by splicing human INHBE and non-human INHBE genes. In some embodiments, the target fragment can also be a partial nucleotide sequence of the human INHBE gene. Preferably, exon x+1 to exon 7 of the human INHBE gene can be inserted adjacent to exon x of the INHBE gene of non-human animals. For example, exon 2 to exon 7 of the human INHBE gene can be inserted adjacent to exon 1 of the INHBE gene of non-human animals; exon 3 to exon 7 of the human INHBE gene can be inserted adjacent to exon 2 of the INHBE gene of non-human animals; exon 4 to exon 7 of the human INHBE gene can be inserted adjacent to exon 3 of the INHBE gene of non-human animals; or exon 5 to exon 7 of human INHBE gene can be inserted adjacent to exon 4 of the INHBE gene of non-human animals.
[0197] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0198] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human INHBE gene fragment (e.g., a human INHBE donor sequence) , flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’a nd 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous INHBE gene;
[0199] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous INHBE gene;
[0200] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by using the plasmid of step (1) , the sgRNAs of step (2) , and Cas9;
[0201] (4) transplanting the fertilized egg obtained in step (3) into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse or transplanting the embryonic stem cell obtained in step (3) into a blastocyst which is then transplanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant female mouse to produce a child mouse that functionally expresses a humanized INHBE protein; and
[0202] (5) mating the child mouse obtained in step (2) to obtain a homozygote mouse,
[0203] In some embodiments, the fertilized egg is modified by CRISPR with sgRNAs that target a 5’ -terminal targeting site and a 3’ -terminal targeting site.
[0204] In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the humanized INHBE protein is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element at the endogenous INHBE gene locus.
[0205] In some embodiments, the genetically-modified animal does not express an endogenous INHBE protein.
[0206] In some embodiments, the method for making the genetically modified animal comprises:
[0207] (1) providing a plasmid comprising a human or chimeric INHBE gene fragment (e.g., a human INHBE donor sequence) , flanked by a 5’ homologous arm and a 3’ homologous arm, wherein the 5’a nd 3’ homologous arms target an endogenous INHBE gene;
[0208] (2) providing one or more small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that target the endogenous INHBE gene; and
[0209] (3) modifying genome of a fertilized egg or an embryonic stem cell by inserting the human or chimeric INHBE gene fragment (e.g., a human INHBE donor sequence) into the genome.
[0210] Methods of using genetically modified animals
[0211] Replacement of non-human genes in a non-human animal with homologous or orthologous human genes or human sequences, at the endogenous non-human locus and under control of endogenous promoters, 5’ -UTR, and / or any other regulatory elements, can result in a non-human animal with qualities and characteristics that may be substantially different from a typical knockout-plus-transgene animal. In the typical knockout-plus-transgene animal, an endogenous locus is removed or damaged and a fully human transgene is inserted into the animal's genome and presumably integrates at random into the genome. Typically, the location of the integrated transgene is unknown; expression of the human protein is measured by transcription of the human gene and / or protein assay and / or functional assay. Inclusion in the human transgene of upstream and / or downstream human sequences are apparently presumed to be sufficient to provide suitable support for expression and / or regulation of the transgene.
[0212] In some cases, the transgene with human regulatory elements expresses in a manner that is unphysiological or otherwise unsatisfactory, and can be actually detrimental to the animal. The disclosure demonstrates that a replacement with human sequence at an endogenous locus under control of endogenous regulatory elements provides a physiologically appropriate expression pattern and level that results in a useful humanized animal whose physiology with respect to the replaced gene are meaningful and appropriate in the context of the humanized animal's physiology.
[0213] Genetically modified animals that express human or humanized INHBE protein, e.g., in a physiologically appropriate manner, provide a variety of uses that include, but are not limited to, developing therapeutics for human diseases and disorders, and assessing the toxicity and / or the efficacy of these human therapeutics in the animal models.
[0214] In various aspects, genetically modified animals are provided that express human or humanized INHBE, which are useful for testing therapeutic agents that can decrease or block the interaction between the interaction between INHBE and anti-human INHBE antibodies, testing whether a therapeutic agent can increase or decrease the immune response, and / or determining whether an agent is an INHBE agonist or antagonist. The genetically modified animals can be, e.g., an animal model of a human disease, e.g., the disease is induced genetically (aknock-in or knockout) . In various embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals further comprise an impaired immune system, e.g., a non-human animal genetically modified to sustain or maintain a human xenograft, e.g., a human solid tumor (e.g., liver cancer) or a blood cell tumor (e.g., a lymphocyte tumor) .
[0215] In some embodiments, the genetically modified animals can be used for determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of an INHBE-related disorder, wherein the INHBE-related disorder is a cancer (e.g., solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, or lung cancer) , a metabolic disease (e.g., obesity or type II diabetes) , a cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease) , an immune disorder (e.g., asthma, ) , or an inflammation (e.g., hepatitis or inflammatory bowel disease) . In some embodiments, the method includes administering the therapeutic agent to the animal as described herein, wherein the therapeutic agent is an INHBE-targeting agent, e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody, or an INHBE-inhibitory nucleic acid (e.g., antisense, shRNA, siRNA, or double-stranded RNA) , and determining therapeutic effects of the therapeutic agent to the INHBE-related disorder.
[0216] In some embodiments, the genetically modified animals can be used for determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug (e.g., an INHBE-inhibitory nucleic acid) ) for the treatment of cancer. In some embodiments, the methods involve administering the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-human INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug (e.g., an INHBE-inhibitory nucleic acid) ) to the animal as described herein, wherein the animal has a cancer or tumor; and determining inhibitory effects of the therapeutic agent to the cancer or tumor. The inhibitory effects that can be determined include, e.g., a decrease of tumor size or tumor volume, a decrease of tumor growth, a reduction of the increase rate of tumor volume in a subject (e.g., as compared to the rate of increase in tumor volume in the same subject prior to treatment or in another subject without such treatment) , a decrease in the risk of developing a metastasis or the risk of developing one or more additional metastasis, an increase of survival rate, and an increase of life expectancy, etc. The tumor volume in a subject can be determined by various methods, e.g., as determined by direct measurement, MRI or CT.
[0217] In some embodiments, the tumor comprises one or more cancer cells (e.g., human or mouse cancer cells) that are injected into the animal. In some embodiments, the anti-INHBE antibody activates INHBE signaling pathways. In some embodiments, the anti-INHBE antibody does not activate INHBE signaling pathways. In some embodiments, the anti-INHBE antibody inhibits INHBE signaling pathways.
[0218] In some embodiments, the genetically modified animals can be used for determining whether an anti-INHBE antibody is a INHBE agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments, the methods as described herein are also designed to determine the effects of the therapeutic agent (e.g., anti-INHBE antibodies) on INHBE, whether the agent can upregulate the immune response or downregulate immune response, and / or whether the agent can induce complement mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) or antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) . In some embodiments, the genetically modified animals can be used for determining the effective dosage of a therapeutic agent for treating a disease in the subject, e.g., cancer.
[0219] The inhibitory effects on tumors can also be determined by methods known in the art, e.g., measuring the tumor volume in the animal, and / or determining tumor (volume) inhibition rate (TGITV) . The tumor growth inhibition rate can be calculated using the formula TGITV (%) = (1 –TVt / TVc) × 100, where TVt and TVc are the mean tumor volume (or weight) of treated and control groups.
[0220] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug) is designed for treating various cancers. As used herein, the term “cancer” refers to cells having the capacity for autonomous growth, i.e., an abnormal state or condition characterized by rapidly proliferating cell growth. The term is meant to include all types of cancerous growths or oncogenic processes, metastatic tissues or malignantly transformed cells, tissues, or organs, irrespective of histopathologic type or stage of invasiveness. The term “tumor” as used herein refers to cancerous cells, e.g., a mass of cancerous cells. Cancers that can be treated or diagnosed using the methods described herein include malignancies of the various organ systems, such as affecting lung, breast, thyroid, lymphoid, gastrointestinal, and genito-urinary tract, as well as adenocarcinomas which include malignancies such as most colon cancers, renal-cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and / or testicular tumors, non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the small intestine and cancer of the esophagus. In some embodiments, the agents described herein are designed for treating or diagnosing a carcinoma in a subject. The term “carcinoma” is art recognized and refers to malignancies of epithelial or endocrine tissues including respiratory system carcinomas, gastrointestinal system carcinomas, genitourinary system carcinomas, testicular carcinomas, breast carcinomas, prostatic carcinomas, endocrine system carcinomas, and melanomas. In some embodiments, the cancer is renal carcinoma or melanoma. Exemplary carcinomas include those forming from tissue of the cervix, lung, prostate, breast, head and neck, colon and ovary. The term also includes carcinosarcomas, e.g., which include malignant tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissues. An “adenocarcinoma” refers to a carcinoma derived from glandular tissue or in which the tumor cells form recognizable glandular structures. The term “sarcoma” is art recognized and refers to malignant tumors of mesenchymal derivation.
[0221] In some embodiments, the cancer described herein is lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, ovarian cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, lung cancer, bronchial cancer, bone cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver and bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, testicular cancer, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, melanoma, myeloproliferation abnormal syndromes, and sarcomas. In some embodiments, the leukemia is selected from acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. In some embodiments, the lymphoma is selected from Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is selected from the group consisting of osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma , and chondrosarcoma. In a specific embodiment, the tumor is non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, gastric cancer, glioma.
[0222] In some embodiments, the cancer described herein is a solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, or gastric cancer.
[0223] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug) is designed for treating various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) , ulcerative colitis, or scleroderma. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is designed for treating various immune disorders, e.g., asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis. Thus, the methods as described herein can be used to determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug) in inhibiting immune response. In some embodiments, the immune disorders described herein is graft versus host disease (GVHD) , psoriasis, allergy, asthma, myocarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, hyperthyroidism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune liver disease, diabetes, pain, or neurological disorders.
[0224] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug) is designed for treating various inflammations, e.g., hepatitis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) . In some embodiments, the inflammation described herein includes both acute inflammation and chronic inflammation. Specifically, the inflammation includes but not limited to degenerative inflammation, exudative inflammation (e.g., serous inflammation, fibrinous inflammation, suppurative inflammation, hemorrhagic inflammation, necrotic inflammation, catarrhal inflammation) , proliferative inflammation, specific inflammation (e.g., tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, or lymphogranuloma) .
[0225] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug (e.g., nucleic acid drug) ) is designed for treating various metabolic disorders, e.g., obesity or type II diabetes. In some embodiments, the administration of the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug (e.g., nucleic acid drug) can reduce INHBE (e.g., human INHBE) mRNA expression. In some embodiments, the administration of the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug (e.g., nucleic acid drug) can reduce the content of subcutaneous fat, inguinal fat, and perirenal fat. In some embodiments, the administration of the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug (e.g., nucleic acid drug) can reduce the total cholesterol (TC) , and triglyceride (TG) levels (e.g., the concentrations of TC and TG) . In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent (e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody or an INHBE-targeting drug) is designed for treating cardiovascular disease, e.g., coronary artery disease.
[0226] The present disclosure also provides methods of determining toxicity of an antibody (e.g., anti-INHBE antibody) . The methods involve administering the antibody to the animal as described herein. The animal is then evaluated for its weight change, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and / or hemoglobin. In some embodiments, the antibody can decrease the red blood cells (RBC) , hematocrit, or hemoglobin by more than 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the animals can have a weight that is at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40%smaller than the weight of the control group (e.g., average weight of the animals that are not treated with the antibody) .
[0227] The present disclosure also relates to the use of the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the development of a product related to an immunization processes of human cells, the manufacturing of a human antibody, or the model system for a research in pharmacology, immunology, microbiology and medicine.
[0228] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides the use of the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the production and utilization of an animal experimental disease model of an immunization processes involving human cells, the study on a pathogen, or the development of a new diagnostic strategy and / or a therapeutic strategy.
[0229] The disclosure also relates to the use of the animal model generated through the methods as described herein in the screening, verifying, evaluating or studying the INHBE gene function, human INHBE antibodies, drugs for human INHBE targeting sites, the drugs or efficacies for human INHBE targeting sites, the drugs for immune-related diseases and antitumor drugs.
[0230] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method to verify in vivo efficacy of TCR-T, CAR-T, and / or other immunotherapies (e.g., T-cell adoptive transfer therapies) . For example, the methods include transplanting human tumor cells into the animal described herein, and applying human CAR-T to the animal with human tumor cells. Effectiveness of the CAR-T therapy can be determined and evaluated. In some embodiments, the animal is selected from the INHBE gene humanized non-human animal prepared by the methods described herein, the INHBE gene humanized non-human animal described herein, the double-or multi-humanized non-human animal generated by the methods described herein (or progeny thereof) , a non-human animal expressing the human or humanized INHBE protein, or the tumor-bearing or inflammatory animal models described herein. In some embodiments, the TCR-T, CAR-T, and / or other immunotherapies can treat the INHBE-associated diseases described herein. In some embodiments, the TCA-T, CAR-T, and / or other immunotherapies provides an evaluation method for treating the INHBE-associated diseases described herein.
[0231] Genetically modified animal model with two or more human or chimeric genes
[0232] The present disclosure further relates to methods for generating genetically modified animal model with two or more human or chimeric genes. The animal can comprise a human or chimeric INHBE gene and a sequence encoding an additional human or chimeric protein.
[0233] In some embodiments, the additional human or chimeric protein can be Lipoprotein A (LPA) , Angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) , G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) , ANGPTL4, Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) , 4-1BB, Cluster of Differentiation 40 (CD40) , T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) , CD27, CD28, B7 Homolog 3 (B7H3) , OX40, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , and / or Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) .
[0234] The methods of generating genetically modified animal model with two or more human or chimeric genes (e.g., humanized genes) can include the following steps:
[0235] (a) using the methods of introducing human INHBE gene or chimeric INHBE gene as described herein to obtain a genetically modified non-human animal;
[0236] (b) mating the genetically modified non-human animal with another genetically modified non-human animal, and then screening the progeny to obtain a genetically modified non-human animal with two or more human or chimeric genes.
[0237] In some embodiments, in step (b) of the method, the genetically modified animal can be mated with a genetically modified non-human animal with human or chimeric LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, and / or CTLA4 gene. Some of these genetically modified non-human animals are described, e.g., in PCT / CN2017 / 090320, PCT / CN2017 / 099574, PCT / CN2017 / 099576, PCT / CN2022 / 113594, PCT / CN2021 / 095273, PCT / CN2022 / 096667, PCT / CN2020 / 113618, PCT / CN2019 / 128358, PCT / CN2020 / 128201, PCT / CN2022 / 131092, and PCT / CN2021 / 085053; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0238] In some embodiments, the INHBE humanization is directly performed on a genetically modified animal having a human or chimeric LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, and / or CTLA4.
[0239] As these proteins may involve different mechanisms, a combination therapy that targets two or more of these proteins thereof may be a more effective treatment. In fact, many related clinical trials are in progress and have shown a good effect. The genetically modified animal model with two or more human or humanized genes can be used for determining effectiveness of a combination therapy that targets two or more of these proteins, e.g., an anti-INHBE antibody and an additional therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. The methods include administering the anti-INHBE antibody and the additional therapeutic agent to the animal, wherein the animal has a tumor; and determining the inhibitory effects of the combined treatment to the tumor. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody that specifically binds to LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, and / or CTLA4. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-CTLA4 antibody (e.g., ipilimumab) , an anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab) , or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitory nucleic acid (e.g., antisense, shRNA, siRNA, or double-stranded RNA) that targets LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, or any combination thereof.
[0240] In some embodiments, the animal further comprises a sequence encoding a human or humanized PD-1, a sequence encoding a human or humanized PD-L1, or a sequence encoding a human or humanized CTLA-4. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) , an anti-PD-L1 antibody, or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody. In some embodiments, the tumor comprises one or more tumor cells that express CD80, CD86, PD-L1, and / or PD-L2.
[0241] In some embodiments, the combination treatment is designed for treating various cancers as described herein, e.g., a solid tumor, gynecologic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, or head and neck cancer.
[0242] In some embodiments, the methods described herein can be used to evaluate the combination treatment with some other methods. The methods of treating a cancer that can be used alone or in combination with methods described herein, include, e.g., treating the subject with chemotherapy, e.g., campothecin, doxorubicin, cisplatin, carboplatin, procarbazine, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, bisulfan, nitrosurea, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, bleomycin, plicomycin, mitomycin, etoposide, verampil, podophyllotoxin, tamoxifen, taxol, transplatinum, 5-flurouracil, vincristin, vinblastin, and / or methotrexate. Alternatively or in addition, the methods can include performing surgery on the subject to remove at least a portion of the cancer, e.g., to remove a portion of or all of a tumor (s) , from the patient.
[0243] EXAMPLES
[0244] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0245] Materials and Methods
[0246] The following equipment and materials used in the following examples were obtained from several companies identified below:
[0247] C57BL / 6 mice and Flp recombinase transgenic mice were purchased from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center.
[0248] restriction enzyme was purchased from New England Biolabs (NEB, Catalog number: R3575S) .
[0249] restriction enzyme was purchased from NEB (Catalog number: R3136S) .
[0250] Anti-Inhibin beta E chain antibody was purchased from Abcam (Catalog number: ab103167) .
[0251] EXAMPLE 1: Mice with humanized inhibin submit beta E (INHBE) gene In this example, a non-human animal (e.g., a mouse) was modified to include a nucleotide sequence encoding human or humanized INHBE protein, and the obtained genetically-modified non-human animal can express a human or humanized INHBE protein in vivo. The mouse INHBE gene (NCBI Gene ID: 16326, Primary source: MGI: 109269, UniProt ID: O08717) is located at positions 127185271 to 127187717 of chromosome 10 (NC_000076.7) , and the human INHBE gene (NCBI Gene ID: 83729, Primary source: HGNC: 24029, UniProt ID: P58166) is located at positions 57455307 to 57458025 of chromosome 12 (NC_000012.12) . The mouse INHBE transcript is NM_008382.3, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_032408.2 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. The human INHBE transcript is NM_031479.5, and the corresponding protein sequence NP_113667.1 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. All or part of nucleotide sequences encoding human INHBE protein can be introduced into the mouse endogenous INHBE locus, so that the mouse expresses a human or humanized INHBE protein. Specifically, using gene-editing techniques, under control of mouse INHBE gene regulatory elements, a sequence (about 2.9 kb, e.g., from start codon ATG to 3’ -UTR downstream) starting from within exon 1 and ending within exon 2 of mouse INHBE gene was replaced with a corresponding sequence (about 3.2 kb, e.g., from start codon ATG to 3’ -UTR downstream) starting from within exon 1 and ending within exon 2 of human INHBE gene, to obtain a humanized INHBE gene locus, thereby humanizing mouse INHBE gene.
[0252] To implement the targeting strategy, a targeting vector was constructed. The targeting vector contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse INHBE gene, and an “A Fragment” containing DNA sequences of human INHBE gene. Specifically, sequence of the upstream 5’ homologous arm (5’ homologous arm, SEQ ID NO: 3) is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 127187415 to 127191477 of NCBI accession number NC_000076.7, and sequence of the downstream 3’ homologous arm (3’ homologous arm, SEQ ID NO: 4) is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 127180557 to 127184534 of NCBI accession number NC_000076.7. The nucleotide sequence of the human INHBE gene fragment (donor sequence, SEQ ID NO: 5) is identical to nucleotide sequence at positions 57455537 to 57458777 of NCBI accession number NC_000012.12. The connection between the upstream of the human INHBE gene fragment and the mouse sequence was designed as: 5’ - (SEQ ID NO: 7) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “GGAGC” is the last nucleotide of the mouse sequence, and the first “A” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the human sequence. The connection between the downstream of the human INHBE gene fragment and the mouse sequence was designed as: 5’ - (SEQ ID NO: 8) , wherein the last “G” in sequence “CTCTG” is the last nucleotide of the human sequence, and the first “C” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the mouse sequence.
[0253] The targeting vector also includes an antibiotic resistance gene for positive clone screening, specifically the neomycin phosphotransferase coding sequence (Neo) , and two Frt recombination sites flanking the antibiotic resistance gene, forming a Neo cassette. The connection between the 5’ end of the Neo cassette and the human sequence was designed as: 5’ - (SEQ ID NO: 9) , wherein the last “G” in sequence “CTCTG” is the last nucleotide of the human sequence, and the first “G” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the Neo cassette. The connection between the 3’ end of the Neo cassette and the mouse sequence was designed as: 5’ - (SEQ ID NO: 10) , wherein the last “C” in sequence “ACTTC” is the last nucleotide of the Neo cassette, and the first “C” in sequence is the first nucleotide of the mouse sequence. The mRNA sequence of the engineered humanized mouse INHBE is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and its encoded protein sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0254] The targeting vector was constructed, e.g., by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. The constructed targeting vector sequences were preliminarily confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, and then verified by sequencing. Embryonic stem cells of C57BL / 6 mice were transfected by electroporation with the targeting vector that had been verified as correct. The obtained cells were screened using a positive clone selection marker gene to identify the correct positive clone cells. The correct positive clone cells (black mice) were introduced into isolated blastocysts (white mice) using techniques known in the art. The resulting chimeric blastocysts were briefly cultured in a medium and then transplanted into the fallopian tubes of recipient female mice (white mice) , producing F0 generation chimeric mice (black and white) . The F0 chimeric mice were backcrossed with wild-type mice to obtain F1 generation mice. The F1 heterozygous mice were then interbred to produce F2 generation homozygous mice. Additionally, positive (e.g., heterozygous) mice were mated with Flp tool mice to remove the positive clone selection marker gene, and subsequent interbreeding produced INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice.
[0255] Additionally, CRISPR / Cas9 technology was also used for gene editing to further design the targeting vector V2. The targeting vector V2 contains homologous arm sequences upstream and downstream of the mouse INHBE gene, as well as the human INHBE fragment. Specifically, the upstream 5'homologous arm sequence (SEQ ID NO: 31) is identical to the nucleotide sequence at positions 127187415 to 127188991 of NCBI accession number NC_000076.7, and the downstream 3'homologous arm sequence (SEQ ID NO: 32) is identical to the nucleotide sequence at positions 127183015 to 127184534 of NCBI accession number NC_000076.7. The nucleotide sequence of the human INHBE fragment (SEQ ID NO: 5) is identical to the nucleotide sequence at positions 57455537 to 57458777 of NCBI accession number NC_000012.12. The mRNA sequence of the engineered humanized INHBE mouse was set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the expressed protein sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0256] The targeting vector was constructed, e.g., by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation, or direct synthesis. The constructed targeting vector sequences were preliminarily confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, and then verified by sequencing. Targeting vectors with verified sequences were used for subsequent experiments.
[0257] The target sequence determines the targeting specificity of the sgRNA and the efficiency of Cas9-induced cleavage of the target gene. Therefore, the selection and design of highly efficient and specific target sequences are prerequisites for constructing sgRNA expression vectors. The sgRNA sequences designed and synthesized to recognize the target sites are as follows:
[0258] sgRNA1 target site (SEQ ID NO: 21) : 5’ -AGGAGAACGCGCTCTGGTCCTGG-3’ ; and sgRNA2 target site (SEQ ID NO: 22) : 5’ -TTCTTAGTTCATAGGTTCGGTGG-3’ .
[0259] A universal CRISPR activity (UCA) kit was used to detect the activity of the sgRNAs. After confirming that the sgRNAs was able to mediate high-efficiency cleavage by Cas9, restriction enzyme cleavage sites were added to the 5'end and a complementary strand of the sgRNAs, to obtain forward and reverse oligonucleotide sequences, as shown in the table below. After annealing, the annealed products were ligated into the pT7-sgRNA plasmid (the plasmid was first linearized with BbsI) , resulting in the expression vectors pT7-INHBE-1 and pT7-INHBE-2.
[0260] Table 3. sgRNA1 and sgRNA2 sequence list
[0261] The pT7-sgRNA vector was synthesized, which included a DNA fragment containing the T7 promoter and sgRNA scaffold (SEQ ID NO: 33) , and was ligated to the backbone vector (Takara, Catalog number: 3299) after restriction enzyme digestion (EcoRI and BamHI) . The resulting plasmid was confirmed by sequencing. The pre-mixed Cas9 mRNA, the targeting vector, and in vitro transcription products of the pT7-INHBE-1 and pT7-INHBE-2 plasmids (using AmbionTM in vitro transcription kit to carry out the transcription according to the method provided in the product instruction) were injected into the cytoplasm or nucleus of mouse fertilized eggs (e.g., C57BL / 6 mice) with a microinjection instrument. The microinjection of fertilized eggs was carried out according to the method described, e.g., in A. Nagy, et al., “Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual (Third Edition) , ” Chemistry Industry Press, 2006. The injected fertilized eggs were briefly cultured in a medium and then transplanted into the fallopian tubes of the recipient female mice for development. The resulting mice (F0 generation) were bred through cross-breeding and self-breeding to expand the population and establish a stable INHBE gene humanized mouse line.
[0262] The genotype of the F1 generation mice somatic cells was identified using PCR analysis. The F1 generation mice identified as positive by PCR were then subjected to Southern Blot analysis to confirm the absence of random insertions. Specifically, genomic DNA from mouse tail snips was extracted, digested with either BsrGI or BamHI restriction enzymes, transferred to a membrane, and hybridized with respective probes. The LR probe and the 3’ probe are located on the 5’ homologous arm and downstream of the 3’ homologous arm, respectively. The specific lengths of the probes and target fragments are shown in the table below. An example of the results is shown in FIG. 1. Based on the PCR and sequencing results, 11 mice, numbered F1-01 to F1-11, were identified as positive (heterozygous) . This indicates that this method can construct INHBE gene humanized mice that are stably transmissible between generations and free of random insertions.
[0263] Table 4. Specific size of the probes and target fragments
[0264] The following primers were used for probe synthesis in Southern Blot assays:
[0265] LR Probe -F (SEQ ID NO: 11) : 5’ -TCCTATGGACTCCCTCACCTGAATC-3’ ;
[0266] LR Probe -R (SEQ ID NO: 12) : 5’ -GTCACAGCTACCCTTGACAAAGAGC-3’ ;
[0267] 3’Probe -F (SEQ ID NO: 13) : 5’ -GACAGGGTACTCCCCTATCACGAAC-3’ ; and
[0268] 3’Probe -R (SEQ ID NO: 14) : 5’ -AAGGAAGAACACGGGCTAGAGTTC-3’ .
[0269] The expression of human or humanized INHBE mRNA in INHBE gene humanized mice was detected using RT-PCR. Specifically, one 8-week-old male wild-type C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and one 8-week-old male INHBE gene humanized heterozygous mouse (H / +) were selected. After euthanizing by cervical dislocation, liver tissues were collected. RT-PCR was performed using the primer sequences shown in the table below, and the results are shown in FIG. 2. As seen in FIG. 2, only mouse INHBE mRNA was detected in wild-type the C57BL / 6 mouse, while human INHBE mRNA was detected in the INHBE gene humanized heterozygous mouse.
[0270] Table 5. RT-PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0271] Similar to the above method, the expression of human or humanized INHBE mRNA in INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice was detected using RT-PCR. One 8-week-old male wild-type C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and one 8-week-old male INHBE gene humanized homozygous mouse (H / H) were selected. After euthanizing by cervical dislocation, liver tissues were collected. RT-PCR was performed using the primer sequences shown in the table below, and the results are shown in FIG. 3. As seen in FIG. 3, only mouse INHBE mRNA was detected in wild-type C57BL / 6 mice, while human or humanized INHBE mRNA was only detected in INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice.
[0272] Table 6. RT-PCR primer sequences and target fragment size
[0273] Additionally, the expression of human or humanized INHBE protein in INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice was detected using conventional methods such as Western Blot. Specifically, one 8-week-old male wild-type C57BL / 6 mouse (+ / +) and one 8-week-old male INHBE gene humanized homozygous mouse (H / H) were selected. After euthanizing by cervical dislocation, liver, kidney, lung, and spleen tissues were collected. Western Blot was performed using a human-mouse cross-reactive antibody, Anti-Inhibin beta E chain antibody. The results, shown in FIG. 4, indicated that INHBE protein expression was detected in both the liver and kidney of wild-type C57BL / 6 mice and INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice. Combined with the RT-PCR results mentioned above, this demonstrated that the engineered humanized mice can normally express human or humanized INHBE protein.
[0274] The specificity of INHBE mRNA expression in the liver of INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice (H / H) was analyzed using qPCR. 8-week-old female INHBE gene humanized homozygous mice were randomly divided into fasting and non-fasting groups, with three mice in each group. After fasting or feeding for 16 hours, liver tissues were collected, and the expression levels of human or humanized INHBE mRNA were detected by qPCR. The results, shown in FIG. 5, indicated that INHBE expression levels were significantly elevated in the fasting group, consistent with the role of INHBE in preventing lipolysis.
[0275] EXAMPLE 2: In vivo efficacy verification
[0276] The humanized mice disclosed in this disclosure can be used to induce various human disease models, including obesity and type II diabetes models, and can be used to test the in vivo efficacy of human-specific antibodies. For example, INHBE gene humanized mice can be used to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo therapeutic effects of antagonists targeting the human-specific INHBE signaling pathway in various known disease models.
[0277] The INHBE humanized mice produced by the method described herein can be used to assess the efficacy of regulators targeting human INHBE in obesity. For instance, several homozygous INHBE humanized mice are fed a high-fat diet to create a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. The mice are then divided into control and treatment groups, with the treatment group receiving an injection of a drug targeting human INHBE and the control group receiving an equal volume of saline. On days 0 and 7 after grouping, the mice are dosed, and on day 10, they are euthanized, and liver mRNA levels are measured. By comparing the mRNA levels in the mice, the in vivo efficacy of the drug targeting human INHBE can be effectively evaluated.
[0278] Specifically, 9 to 10-week-old homozygous INHBE humanized mice were randomly divided into control (G1) and treatment (G2) groups (n=5) . On the day of grouping, the treatment group received a subcutaneous injection of nucleic acid drug A targeting human INHBE (1 mpk / mouse) , while the control group received an equal volume of PBS. On day 5, the mice were euthanized, and liver tissues were collected to detect human and mouse INHBE mRNA. The results showed that mouse INHBE mRNA was not detected in either the control (G1) or treatment (G2) groups (FIG. 6) ; however, human INHBE mRNA was detected in both groups (FIG. 7) , with significantly lower expression levels in the treatment group (G2) compared to the control group (G1) , indicating that the expression of human INHBE in the treatment group (G2) can be inhibited by the small nucleic acid targeting human INHBE.
[0279] In another similar experiment, 10-week-old homozygous INHBE humanized mice were randomly divided into control (G1) and treatment (G2) groups (n=3) . On the day of grouping, the treatment group received a subcutaneous injection of nucleic acid drug B targeting human INHBE (3 mpk / mouse) , with the sequence shown in the table below, while the control group received an equal volume of PBS. On day 14, the mice were euthanized, and liver tissues were collected to detect human INHBE mRNA. The results, shown in FIG. 8, similarly indicated that human INHBE mRNA was detected in both the control (G1) and treatment (G2) groups (FIG. 8) , with significantly lower expression levels in the treatment group (G2) compared to the control group (G1) , further confirming that the expression of human INHBE in the treatment group (G2) can be inhibited by the small nucleic acid targeting human INHBE.
[0280] Table 7. Nucleic acid drug B sequence
[0281] Wherein m is a 2'-O-methyl; f is a 2'-fluoro; s is a phosphorothioate linkage; Tgn is thymidine-glycol nucleic acid (GNA) S-isomer; dA is a 2`-deoxy A; L96 is GalNAc conjugates.
[0282] In a separate experiment, 7-week-old INHBE humanized homozygous mice were randomly divided into control groups (G1, G2) (n=3) and a treatment group (G3, n=6) . The control group (G2) and the treatment group (G3) mice were fed a high-fat diet (60%fat calorie diet) for 12 weeks to induce obesity, while the control group G1 mice were fed normally. From weeks 12 to 18, the treatment group (G3) mice received weekly subcutaneous injections of the INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug B (9 mpk / mouse) . The control group G1 mice received no treatment, and the control group G2 mice were injected with saline. Body weight changes were measured on the day of first injection (day 0) , and on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 (FIG. 10B) . At week 19, the mice were euthanized to collect liver and fat tissues. The expression of human INHBE mRNA in the liver, total cholesterol (TC) , and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured, as well as the weight of subcutaneous fat, inguinal fat, and perirenal fat (WAT) .
[0283] As shown in FIGs. 10-12, after injection of the INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug, the expression of human INHBE mRNA in the treatment group (G3) was significantly reduced compared to the control group (G2) (FIG. 10A) . The content of subcutaneous fat, inguinal fat, and perirenal fat decreased (FIG. 11) , and the concentrations of TC and TG also decreased (FIGs. 12A-12B) . This suggested that the INHBE targeting nucleic acid drug can effectively inhibit body weight gain and the increase in TC and TG concentrations. The results indicated that INHBE gene humanized mice can be used to evaluate the efficacy of drugs targeting the human INHBE specific signaling pathway.
[0284] EXAMPLE 3: Generation of double-or multi-gene humanized mice
[0285] The methods described herein or the INHBE gene humanized mice produced by the disclosed methods can also be used to create multi-humanized mouse models. For example, in Example 1, the embryonic stem cells used for microinjection can be obtained from mice containing at least one gene modification such as modified (e.g., human or humanized) LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4. Alternatively, based on the humanized INHBE mice, double or multi-humanized mouse models can be obtained using isolated mouse embryonic stem cells and gene recombination targeting techniques. INHBE homozygous or heterozygous mice obtained by the methods described herein can also be crossed with other gene-modified mice. Their offspring can be screened, and according to Mendelian inheritance, there is a certain probability of obtaining multi-gene mice with human or humanized INHBE gene and other gene modifications. Interbreeding these heterozygous mice can produce homozygous mice with double or multiple gene modifications.
[0286] OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0287] It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1.A genetically-modified, non-human animal whose genome comprises at least one chromosome comprising a sequence encoding a human or chimeric inhibin submit beta E (INHBE) .2.The animal of claim 1, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element (e.g., endogenous promoter and / or endogenous 5’-UTR) at an endogenous INHBE gene locus in the at least one chromosome.3.The animal of claim 1, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE is operably linked to a human or chimeric regulatory element at an endogenous INHBE gene locus in the at least one chromosome.4.The animal of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to human INHBE (NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO:2) ) .5.The animal of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat.6.The animal of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the animal is a mouse.7.The animal of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the animal does not express endogenous INHBE or expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE as compared to INHBE expression level in a wild-type animal.8.The animal of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the animal has one or more cells expressing human or chimeric INHBE.9.A genetically-modified, non-human animal, wherein the genome of the animal comprises a replacement of a sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE at an endogenous INHBE gene locus.10.The animal of claim 9, wherein the sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE is operably linked to an endogenous, a human, or a chimeric regulatory element at the endogenous INHBE locus, and one or more cells of the animal expresses a human or chimeric INHBE.11.The animal of claim 9 or 10, wherein the animal does not express endogenous INHBE or expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE as compared to INHBE expression level in a wild-type animal.12.The animal of any one of claims 9-11, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of a human INHBE gene.13.The animal of any one of claims 9-11, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene.14.The animal of any one of claims 9-11, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of human INHBE, optionally including at least 752 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene.15.The animal of any one of claims 9-14, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises a sequence encoding a human signal peptide.16.The animal of any one of claims 9-15, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5.17.The animal of any one of claims 9-16, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene.18.The animal of any one of claims 9-17, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene.19.The animal of any one of claims 9-18, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a portion thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 736 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene.20.The animal of any one of claims 9-19, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an endogenous signal peptide21.The animal of any one of claims 9-20, wherein the animal is a mouse.22.The animal of any one of claims 9-21, wherein the animal is heterozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE gene locus.23.The animal of any one of claims 9-22, wherein the animal is homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE gene locus.24.A non-human animal comprising one or more cells comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide, wherein the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide comprises at least 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, or 350 contiguous amino acid residues that are identical to a corresponding contiguous amino acid sequence of a human INHBE polypeptide, wherein the animal expresses the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide.25.The animal of claim 24, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element of the animal, a human regulatory element, or a chimeric regulatory element.26.The animal of claim 24 or 25, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide is integrated to an endogenous INHBE gene locus of the animal.27.The animal of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the animal is a mouse, wherein the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide has at least one human INHBE activity.28.A method for making a genetically-modified, non-human animal, comprising:replacing a sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE with a sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE, at an endogenous INHBE gene locus, in at least one cell of the animal.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the animal does not express endogenous INHBE or expresses a decreased level of endogenous INHBE as compared to INHBE expression level in a wild-type animal.30.The method of claim 28 or 29, wherein the sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of a human INHBE gene.31.The method of any one of claims 28-30, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene.32.The method of any one of claims 28-31, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 752 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene.33.The method of any one of claims 28-32, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises a sequence encoding a human signal peptide.34.The method of any one of claims 28-33, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is at least 70%, 75, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5.35.The method of any one of claims 28-34, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE encodes an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to human INHBE (NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) .36.The method of any one of claims 28-35, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene.37.The method of any one of claims 28-36, wherein the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene.38.The method of any one of claims 28-37, wherein the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene, optionally including at least 736 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene.39.The method of any one of claims 28-38, wherein the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an endogenous signal peptide.40.The method of any one of claims 28-39, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element, e.g., a promoter and / or 5’-UTR.41.The method of any one of claims 28-40, wherein the animal is a mammal, e.g., a monkey, a rodent, a mouse, or a rat.42.The method of any one of claims 28-41, wherein the animal is a mouse.43.The method of any one of claims 28-42, wherein the animal is heterozygous or homozygous with respect to the replacement at the endogenous INHBE gene locus.44.A method of making a genetically-modified animal cell that expresses a human or chimeric INHBE, the method comprising:replacing a nucleotide sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE, at an endogenous INHBE gene locus, with a nucleotide sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE, thereby generating a genetically-modified animal cell that includes a nucleotide sequence that encodes the human or chimeric INHBE, wherein the animal cell expresses the human or chimeric INHBE.45.The method of claim 44, wherein the sequence encoding a corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of a human INHBE gene.46.The method of claim 44 or 45, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene.47.The method of any one of claims 44-46, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the human INHBE gene, optionally including at least 752 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the human INHBE gene.48.The method of any one of claims 44-47, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE comprises a sequence encoding a human signal peptide.49.The method of any one of claims 44-48, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE is at least 70%, 75, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 5.50.The method of any one of claims 44-49, wherein the sequence encoding the corresponding region of human INHBE encodes an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%identical to human INHBE (NP_113667.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2) ) .51.The method of any one of claims 44-50, wherein the sequence encoding a region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE gene.52.The method of any one of claims 44-51, wherein the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE, optionally including at least 50 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene.53.The method of any one of claims 44-52, wherein the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises exon 1, exon 2, or a part thereof, of the endogenous INHBE, optionally including at least 736 contiguous nucleotides downstream of exon 2 of the endogenous INHBE gene.54.The method of any one of claims 44-53, wherein the sequence encoding the region of endogenous INHBE comprises a sequence encoding an endogenous signal peptide.55.The method of any one of claims 44-54, wherein the sequence encoding the human or chimeric INHBE polypeptide is operably linked to an endogenous regulatory element, e.g., a promoter and / or 5’-UTR.56.The method of any one of claims 44-55, wherein the animal is a mouse.57.The animal of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or chimeric polypeptide.58.The animal of claim 57, wherein the additional human or chimeric polypeptide is one or more selected from the group consisting of Lipoprotein A (LPA) , Angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) , G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) , ANGPTL4, Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) , 4-1BB, Cluster of Differentiation 40 (CD40) , T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) , CD27, CD28, B7 Homolog 3 (B7H3) , OX40, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) .59.The method of any one of claims 28-56, wherein the animal further comprises a sequence encoding an additional human or chimeric polypeptide.60.The method of claim 59, wherein the additional human or chimeric protein is one or more selected from the group consisting of LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4.61.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, comprising:a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-27, 57, and 58, wherein the animal has a tumor; andb) determining inhibitory effects of the therapeutic agent to the tumor.62.The method of claim 61, wherein the therapeutic agent is an anti-INHBE antibody (e.g., an anti-human INHBE antibody) .63.The method of claim 61 or 62, wherein the tumor comprises one or more cancer cells that are injected into the animal.64.The method of any one of claims 61-63, wherein determining inhibitory effects of the anti-INHBE antibody to the tumor involves measuring the tumor volume in the animal.65.The method of any one of claims 61-64, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, or gastric cancer.66.A method of determining effectiveness of an anti-INHBE antibody and an additional therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, comprisinga) administering the anti-INHBE antibody and the additional therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-27, 57, and 58, wherein the animal has a tumor; andb) determining inhibitory effects on the tumor.67.The method of claim 66, wherein the animal further comprises a sequence encoding a human or chimeric PD-1, a human or chimeric PD-L1, and / or a human or chimeric CTLA4.68.The method of claim 66 or 67, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, or an anti-CTLA4 antibody.69.The method of any one of claims 66-68, wherein the tumor comprises one or more tumor cells that express PD-L1.70.The method of any one of claims 66-69, wherein the tumor comprises one or more cancer cells that are injected into the animal.71.The method of any one of claims 66-70, wherein determining inhibitory effects of the treatment involves measuring the tumor volume in the animal.72.The method of any one of claims 66-71, wherein the animal has a solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, or gastric cancer.73.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a metabolic disorder, comprising:(a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-27, 57, and 58, wherein the animal has the metabolic disorder; and(b) determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the metabolic disorder.74.The method of claim 73, wherein the metabolic disorder is obesity or type II diabetes.75.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a cardiovascular disease, comprising:(a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-27, 57, and 58, wherein the animal has the cardiovascular disease; and(b) determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the cardiovascular disease.76.The method of claim 75, wherein the cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease.77.A method of determining toxicity of a therapeutic agent comprising:(a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-27, 57, and 58; and(b) determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the animal.78.The method of claim 77, wherein the therapeutic agent is an anti-INHBE antibody.79.The method of claim 77 or 78, wherein determining effects of the therapeutic agent to the animal involves measuring the body weight, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and / or hemoglobin of the animal.80.A protein comprising an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is one of the following:(a) an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;(b) an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;(c) an amino acid sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2;(d) an amino acid sequence that is different from the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 by no more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid; or(e) an amino acid sequence that comprises a substitution, a deletion and / or insertion of one, two, three, four, five or more amino acids to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 or 2.81.A nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence is one of the following:(a) a sequence that encodes the protein of claim 80;(b) SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32;(c) a sequence that is at least 90%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32; or(d) a sequence that is at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, or 32.82.A cell comprising the protein of claim 80 and / or the nucleic acid of claim 81.83.An animal comprising the protein of claim 80 and / or the nucleic acid of claim 81.84.A method of determining effectiveness of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of an INHBE-related disorder, comprising:(a) administering the therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-27, 57, and 58, wherein the animal has the INHBE-related disorder; and(b) determining therapeutic effects of the therapeutic agent to the INHBE-related disorder, wherein the INHBE-related disorder is a cancer (e.g., solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, or lung cancer) , a metabolic disease (e.g., obesity or type II diabetes) , or a cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease) .85.The method of claim 84, wherein the therapeutic agent is an INHBE-targeting agent.86.The method of claim 84 or 85, wherein the INHBE-targeting agent is an anti-INHBE antibody (e.g., an anti-human INHBE antibody) .87.The method of any one of claims 84-86, wherein the INHBE-targeting agent is an INHBE-inhibitory nucleic acid (e.g., antisense, shRNA, siRNA, or double-stranded RNA) .88.A method of determining effectiveness of an anti-INHBE antibody and an additional therapeutic agent for the treatment of an INHBE-related disorder, comprising(a) administering the anti-INHBE antibody and the additional therapeutic agent to the animal of any one of claims 1-27, 57, and 58 wherein the animal has the INHBE-related disorder; and(b) determining inhibitory effects on the INHBE-related disorder, wherein the INHBE-related disorder is a cancer (e.g., solid tumor, blood tumor, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, or lung cancer) , a metabolic disease (e.g., obesity or type II diabetes) , or a cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease) .89.The method of claim 88, wherein the animal further comprises a sequence encoding Lipoprotein A (LPA) , Angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) , G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) , ANGPTL4, Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) , 4-1BB, Cluster of Differentiation 40 (CD40) , T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) , CD27, CD28, B7 Homolog 3 (B7H3) , OX40, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) , programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) , Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) , or any combination thereof.90.The method of claim 88 or 89, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody (e.g., an anti-human antibody) that binds to LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, or any combination thereof.91.The method of any one of claims 88-90, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitory nucleic acid (e.g., antisense, shRNA, siRNA, or double-stranded RNA) that targets LPA, ANGPTL3, GPR75, ANGPTL4, LAG3, 4-1BB, CD40, TIGIT, CD27, CD28, B7H3, OX40, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, or any combination thereof.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Genetically modified non-human animal with human or chimeric genes
US20220015343A1
Methods Of Treating Metabolic Disorders And Cardiovascular Disease With Inhibin Subunit Beta E (INHBE) Inhibitors
US20220184114A1
Genetically modified non-human animal with human or chimeric genes
US20220378025A1