Postbiotic and use thereof in regulation of lipid metabolism

Abstract

The use of a postbiotic of Bifidobacterium brevis 207-1 (GDMCC No. 60962) or a composition containing the postbiotic in the preparation of a medicine or a food product. The medicine or food product is used for preventing and / or ameliorating diseases and / or symptoms related to fat gain in a subject. The diseases and / or symptoms are selected from weight gain, obesity, fatty liver, fat accumulation (e.g., visceral fat accumulation and subcutaneous fat accumulation), abnormal lipid metabolism, or any combination thereof. The medicine or food product can promote the fat breakdown and / or inhibit the fat absorption, maintain or reduce the body weight and / or BMI of the subject, increase the satiety of the subject, and reduce the food intake of the subject.

Description

A postbiotic and its application in regulating lipid metabolism

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311768062.2 filed on December 21, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to a postbiotic and its use in regulating lipid metabolism. Specifically, this application relates to the use of the postbiotic in preparing a medicament or food. This application also relates to a method for regulating a subject's weight and a method for inhibiting or reducing lipid absorption in a subject's gastrointestinal tract. Background Art

[0004] In modern society, improvements in living standards and unhealthy lifestyles, such as high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles, have led to a gradual increase in the prevalence of obesity, which in turn contributes to a range of metabolic abnormalities. For example, excessive lipid deposition can lead to hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, adipocyte dysfunction can cause systemic inflammation and vascular sclerosis, leading to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. With the increasing number of overweight and obese people, the incidence of these diseases is rapidly increasing, becoming a major health concern for urban residents today. Furthermore, the prevalence of obese and overweight people is increasingly younger.

[0005] Currently, treatment for obesity, overweight, or abnormal lipid metabolism primarily relies on lifestyle interventions, including a low-saturated fatty acid diet and moderate-to-high-intensity exercise. Drug therapy, such as the lipase inhibitor orlistat, can also be combined with medications for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cholesterol-lowering drugs. While these medications have some effectiveness in treating obesity or abnormal lipid metabolism, long-term use can cause significant side effects on liver and kidney function.

[0006] Research has found that probiotics can play a significant role in human metabolism by producing metabolites and regulating intestinal flora. According to the 1989 definition of probiotics by British scientist Roy Fuller: a live microbial supplement that, upon ingestion, benefits the host by improving the balance of the intestinal microbiome. The China Nutrition and Health Food Association has issued group standard T / CNHFA 006-2022, "Grading Specifications for the Live Bacteria Rate of Probiotic Foods," which categorizes the live bacteria rate of probiotic foods. This standard emphasizes that ensuring sufficient numbers of probiotics reach the intestine alive is a fundamental condition for probiotics to be effective.

[0007] Recent scientific research has shown that certain inactivated probiotics can also possess unique biological activities, known as "postbiotics." The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics defines "postbiotics" as preparations of inanimate microorganisms and / or their related components that provide health benefits to the host. The efficacy of postbiotics derives from the microbial cells themselves and their growth metabolites. Postbiotic preparations are generally considered to include: inactivated or dead microbial cells; macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates secreted by microorganisms or bound to the cell surface; microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids; and cell wall components such as lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan. As scientific research continues to deepen, the definition and scope of postbiotics will continue to improve. Compared with probiotics, inactivated probiotics have inherent advantages in commercial production and product application.

[0008] Therefore, developing an inactivated probiotic strain that can regulate or improve abnormal lipid metabolism has high market value and broad applications. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The applicants of this patent previously identified a probiotic strain, Bifidobacterium breve 207-1, with a microbial deposit number of GDMCC No. 60962. Subsequent research unexpectedly revealed that postbiotics produced from this strain after fermentation and inactivation exhibited remarkable efficacy in promoting lipolysis and / or inhibiting fat absorption. Therefore, the postbiotics and compositions containing them presented herein have significant potential for the preparation of pharmaceuticals or foods for treating diseases and / or symptoms associated with increased fat content.

[0010] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present application provides a postbiotic, or use of a composition comprising the postbiotic in preparing a medicament or food, wherein the medicament or food is used to prevent and / or improve a disease and / or symptom associated with fat gain in a subject;

[0011] The postbiotics are prepared by fermenting and inactivating Bifidobacterium breve, which is deposited in Guangdong Provincial Microbiological Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of GDMCC No. 60962.

[0012] Preparation of postbiotics

[0013] The postbiotics of the present invention can be prepared by various methods known in the art.

[0014] In certain embodiments, the postbiotic is prepared by inactivating Bifidobacterium breve. In certain embodiments, the postbiotic comprises Bifidobacterium breve in the form of dead bacteria.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the postbiotic is prepared by fermenting and then inactivating Bifidobacterium breve. In certain embodiments, the postbiotic comprises Bifidobacterium breve in the form of dead bacteria, and primary metabolites and / or secondary metabolites produced during in vitro fermentation.

[0016] In this context, postbiotics can include many different ingredients.

[0017] In certain embodiments, the postbiotic comprises a component of the cell wall of Bifidobacterium breve. In certain embodiments, the postbiotic comprises a cell lysate of Bifidobacterium breve. In certain embodiments, the postbiotic comprises peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, cell wall peptides, cell wall polysaccharides, fimbriae-type structures, and the like.

[0018] In certain embodiments, postbiotics include primary and / or secondary metabolites of Bifidobacterium breve. In certain embodiments, postbiotics include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate), exopolysaccharides, functional proteins, vitamins (such as biotin, cobalamin, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine), and the like.

[0019] In such embodiments, those skilled in the art can select suitable methods to prepare various dead bacteria dosage forms of Bifidobacterium breve contained in the postbiotics. Therefore, the dosage forms of the postbiotics include, but are not limited to, pills, powders, capsules, tablets (e.g., effervescent tablets), film-coated tablets, orally disintegrating granules, and liquids.

[0020] In certain embodiments, the postbiotic is in the form of a powder.

[0021] In certain embodiments, the postbiotic is bacterial powder.

[0022] In certain embodiments, the bacterial powder is prepared by culturing the Bifidobacterium breve, inactivating the culture, collecting the precipitate, and drying the precipitate.

[0023] In certain embodiments, the bacterial powder is prepared by the following method: inactivating the Bifidobacterium breve after fermentation, collecting the precipitate by centrifugation, and vacuum freeze-drying.

[0024] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is fermented using MRS medium.

[0025] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is heat-inactivated at 70-95°C.

[0026] In certain embodiments, the medicine or food is used to prevent and / or improve a disease and / or symptom caused by fat gain in a subject.

[0027] In certain embodiments, the disease and / or symptom is selected from weight gain, obesity, fatty liver, fat accumulation (eg, visceral fat accumulation, subcutaneous fat accumulation), abnormal lipid metabolism, or any combination thereof.

[0028] In certain embodiments, the subcutaneous fat accumulation is selected from abdominal fat accumulation, arm fat accumulation, leg fat accumulation, or any combination thereof.

[0029] In certain embodiments, the visceral fat accumulation is selected from peri-intestinal fat accumulation, peri-renal fat accumulation, peri-gonadal fat accumulation, or any combination thereof.

[0030] In certain embodiments, the disease caused by abnormal lipid metabolism is selected from the group consisting of hyperlipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or any combination thereof.

[0031] In certain embodiments, the obese subject has a BMI greater than 23.9 kg / m2 (e.g., a BMI greater than 25 kg / m2, greater than 26 kg / m2, greater than 27 kg / m2, greater than 28 kg / m2, greater than 29 kg / m2, greater than 30 kg / m2).

[0032] In certain embodiments, the drug or food can promote fat decomposition and / or inhibit fat absorption.

[0033] In certain embodiments, the drug or food is capable of maintaining the subject's weight and / or BMI.

[0034] In certain embodiments, the drug or food is capable of reducing the subject's weight and / or BMI.

[0035] In certain embodiments, the drug or food can enable the subject to have a healthy BMI (eg, 18.5-23.9 kg / m2).

[0036] In certain embodiments, the drug or food is administered to a subject with a healthy BMI to maintain the subject's weight and / or BMI. In certain embodiments, the drug or food is administered to a subject with an overweight BMI to reduce the subject's weight and / or BMI, or to bring the subject's weight and / or BMI toward a healthy weight and / or BMI (e.g., 18.5-23.9 kg / m ).

[0037] In certain embodiments, the drug or food can increase the subject's sense of satiety after being administered to the subject.

[0038] In certain embodiments, the drug or food can reduce the subject's food intake after being administered to the subject.

[0039] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical or food product further comprises an additional active ingredient (eg, a compound).

[0040] In certain embodiments, the additional active ingredient is capable of promoting lipolysis and / or inhibiting fat absorption; for example, L-carnitine.

[0041] In certain embodiments, the additional active ingredient is capable of accelerating metabolism; for example, tea polyphenols, caffeine.

[0042] In certain embodiments, the additional active ingredient is a lipase inhibitor; for example, orlistat.

[0043] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutical" encompasses pharmaceuticals for use in humans as well as pharmaceuticals for use in animals (ie, veterinary applications). In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical is for use in humans.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a formulation of postbiotics.

[0045] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0046] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for oral administration.

[0047] In certain embodiments, the drug or food is a drug targeted for gastrointestinal release, or a drug with controlled release in the gastrointestinal tract.

[0048] In certain embodiments, the medicament is in the form of a pill, powder, capsule, tablet (eg, effervescent tablet), film-coated tablet, orally disintegrating granules, liquid, suppository, or enema.

[0049] In this text, the term "food" is used in a broad sense, including food and drink for humans, and also covers food and drink (i.e. feed) for animals. In certain embodiments, the food is suitable for and designed for human consumption.

[0050] It is understood that, depending on the purpose, application mode or administration mode, the food of the present application may be in the form of liquid, solid, suspension or powder.

[0051] In certain embodiments, the food is selected from solid beverages, candies or juices, or the food is a dairy product (eg, yogurt, flavored fermented milk, lactic acid bacteria beverage, cheese).

[0052] In certain embodiments, the food product is a dietary supplement.

[0053] As used herein, the term "dietary supplement" refers to an edible product that can provide a beneficial effect (e.g., nutritional effect, preventive effect, therapeutic effect, or other beneficial effect) to the consumer. In this article, dietary supplements include products such as health foods, special medical foods, nutritional products, and supplements.

[0054] In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement is formulated for oral administration.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the food may also include (but is not limited to) one or any combination of the following substances: probiotics (e.g., probiotic bacteria), carbohydrates (e.g., dietary fiber), proteins (e.g., enzymes), lipids (e.g., fats), vitamins, and minerals.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the food product may further include an immunomodulator.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the food product may further include plant ingredients (eg, flavonoids, polyphenolic plant extracts, etc.), milk substitutes, or metabolites or extracts of Bifidobacterium breve or its progeny.

[0058] In certain embodiments, the postbiotics of the present invention can also be combined with various sweeteners or flavorings, coloring substances, stabilizers, glidants, fillers, and other excipients acceptable in food.

[0059] In certain embodiments, the food product further comprises a prebiotic.

[0060] In certain embodiments, the prebiotic is selected from fructooligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, soy oligosaccharides, inulin, spirulina, arthrospira, versicolor polysaccharide, carrot nitrogenous polysaccharide, casein hydrolyzate, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, or any combination thereof.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the food product is in the form of a pill, a powder, a capsule, a tablet (eg, an effervescent tablet), a film-coated tablet, orally disintegrating granules, or a liquid.

[0062] In certain embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the mammal is selected from the group consisting of mouse, pig, rabbit, monkey, sheep, and human.

[0063] In certain embodiments, the amount of postbiotics added to the medicine or food is 0.001 g-0.1 g.

[0064] In certain embodiments, the amount of postbiotics added to the medicine or food is 0.001-0.005 g, 0.005-0.01 g, 0.01-0.05 g or 0.05-0.1 g.

[0065] It is understood that those skilled in the art are capable of administering an effective amount of postbiotics to a subject based on the specific conditions of the subject.

[0066] In certain embodiments, since the postbiotics contain inactivated Bifidobacterium breve, the number of cells of Bifidobacterium breve is used as the unit of measurement of Bifidobacterium breve. In certain embodiments, the number of cells of Bifidobacterium breve in the postbiotics is 10 8 -10 14 / g (e.g., 10 8 -10 10 / g, 10 10 -10 12 / g, 10 12 -10 14 / g).

[0067] Therefore, when the amount of postbiotics added to medicine or food is 0.001g, the number of postbiotic bacteria is 10 5 -10 11 When the amount of postbiotics added to medicine or food is 0.1g, the number of postbiotic bacteria is 10 7 -10 13 .

[0068] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises the postbiotic, and a microorganism selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, or any combination thereof.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the microorganism is a probiotic.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the microorganism is yeast.

[0071] In certain embodiments, the yeast is selected from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, or any combination thereof.

[0072] In certain embodiments, the bacteria is selected from Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactococcus spp., Pediococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., or any combination thereof.

[0073] In certain embodiments, the bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus thunbergii ... reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus salivarius, or any combination thereof.

[0074] In certain embodiments, the bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium is selected from the group consisting of: Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, or any combination thereof.

[0075] In certain embodiments, the bacterium of the genus Bacillus is selected from the group consisting of: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, or any combination thereof.

[0076] In certain embodiments, the Propionibacterium bacterium is selected from the group consisting of: Propionibacterium shermanii, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, or any combination thereof.

[0077] In certain embodiments, the bacterium of the genus Streptococcus is selected from Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus salivarius, or any combination thereof.

[0078] In certain embodiments, the Lactococcus bacterium is Lactococcus lactis.

[0079] In certain embodiments, the Enterococcus bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus mundtii, or any combination thereof.

[0080] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for regulating the weight of a subject, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of a postbiotic to the subject, wherein the postbiotic is prepared by fermenting and inactivating Bifidobacterium breve, and the Bifidobacterium breve is deposited in the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of GDMCC No. 60962.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the effective amount of a postbiotic is 0.001 g-0.1 g; for example, 0.001-0.005 g, 0.005-0.01 g, 0.01-0.05 g, 0.05-0.1 g.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the obese subject has a BMI greater than 23.9 kg / m2.

[0083] In certain embodiments, the method maintains the subject's weight.

[0084] In certain embodiments, the method is capable of reducing body weight in the subject.

[0085] In certain embodiments, the method enables the subject to have a healthy BMI (eg, 18.5-23.9 kg / m2).

[0086] In certain embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the mammal is selected from the group consisting of mouse, pig, rabbit, monkey, sheep, and human.

[0087] In certain embodiments, the method is a method of regulating the body weight of a subject for non-therapeutic purposes.

[0088] In such embodiments, the subject does not have or have been diagnosed with a disease (eg, obesity).

[0089] In such embodiments, the subject has a healthy BMI.

[0090] In such embodiments, the subject has gained weight due to an unhealthy diet (eg, a high-fat diet, a high-sugar diet, a high-cholesterol diet) or environment.

[0091] In such embodiments, the postbiotic or a composition comprising the postbiotic is administered to a subject in an amount effective to maintain the subject's weight and / or BMI, or to reduce the subject's weight and / or BMI.

[0092] In such embodiments, the frequency and manner of administering the postbiotics or compositions comprising the postbiotics to the subject can be adjusted based on the subject's characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race, weight, height, BMI, body fat percentage, and / or medical history).

[0093] On the other hand, the present application provides a use of a postbiotic or a composition comprising the postbiotic in the preparation of a medicine or food, wherein the medicine or food is used to regulate the weight of a subject; wherein the postbiotic is prepared by fermenting and inactivating Bifidobacterium breve, and the Bifidobacterium breve is deposited in the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of GDMCC No. 60962.

[0094] In certain embodiments, the postbiotic is added in an amount of 0.001 g to 0.1 g; for example, 0.001 to 0.005 g, 0.005 to 0.01 g, 0.01 to 0.05 g, 0.05 to 0.1 g.

[0095] In certain embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the mammal is selected from the group consisting of mouse, pig, rabbit, monkey, sheep, and human.

[0096] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is present in the postbiotic in the form of dead bacteria.

[0097] In such embodiments, those skilled in the art can select suitable methods to prepare various dead bacteria dosage forms of Bifidobacterium breve, including but not limited to pills, powders, capsules, tablets (e.g., effervescent tablets), film-coated tablets, orally disintegrating granules, and liquids.

[0098] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is in the form of a powder.

[0099] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is bacterial powder.

[0100] In certain embodiments, the bacterial powder is prepared by culturing the Bifidobacterium breve, inactivating the culture, collecting the precipitate, and drying the precipitate.

[0101] In certain embodiments, the bacterial powder is prepared by the following method: inactivating the Bifidobacterium breve after fermentation, collecting the precipitate by centrifugation, and vacuum freeze-drying.

[0102] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is fermented using MRS medium.

[0103] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is heat-inactivated at 70-95°C.

[0104] In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for inhibiting or reducing lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of a postbiotic to the subject, wherein the postbiotic is prepared by fermenting and inactivating Bifidobacterium breve, and the Bifidobacterium breve is deposited in the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of GDMCC No. 60962.

[0105] In certain embodiments, the effective amount of a postbiotic is 0.001 g-0.1 g; for example, 0.001-0.005 g, 0.005-0.01 g, 0.01-0.05 g, 0.05-0.1 g.

[0106] In certain embodiments, the method maintains the subject's weight.

[0107] In certain embodiments, the method is capable of reducing body weight in the subject.

[0108] In certain embodiments, the method enables the subject to maintain a BMI (eg, 18.5-23.9 kg / m2).

[0109] In certain embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the mammal is selected from the group consisting of mouse, pig, rabbit, monkey, sheep, and human.

[0110] In certain embodiments, the method is a method for inhibiting or reducing lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject for non-therapeutic purposes.

[0111] In such embodiments, the subject does not have or have been diagnosed with a disease (eg, obesity).

[0112] In such embodiments, the subject has a healthy BMI.

[0113] In such embodiments, the subject has gained weight due to an unhealthy diet (eg, a high-fat diet, a high-sugar diet, a high-cholesterol diet) or environment.

[0114] In such embodiments, the postbiotics or compositions comprising the postbiotics are administered to a subject in an amount effective to maintain the subject's weight and / or BMI, or to reduce the subject's weight and / or BMI.

[0115] In such embodiments, the frequency and manner of administering the postbiotics or compositions comprising the postbiotics to the subject can be adjusted based on the subject's characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race, weight, height, BMI, body fat percentage, and / or medical history).

[0116] On the other hand, the present application provides the use of a postbiotic or a composition comprising the postbiotic in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is used to inhibit or reduce lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject; wherein the postbiotic is prepared by fermenting and inactivating Bifidobacterium breve, and the Bifidobacterium breve is deposited in the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of GDMCC No. 60962.

[0117] In certain embodiments, the amount of the postbiotic added to the medicine or food is 0.001g-0.1g; for example, 0.001-0.005g, 0.005-0.01g, 0.01-0.05g, 0.05-0.1g.

[0118] In certain embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the mammal is selected from the group consisting of mouse, pig, rabbit, monkey, sheep, and human.

[0119] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is present in the postbiotic in the form of dead bacteria.

[0120] In such embodiments, those skilled in the art can select suitable methods to prepare various dead bacteria dosage forms of Bifidobacterium breve, including but not limited to pills, powders, capsules, tablets (e.g., effervescent tablets), film-coated tablets, orally disintegrating granules, and liquids.

[0121] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is in the form of a powder.

[0122] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is bacterial powder.

[0123] In certain embodiments, the bacterial powder is prepared by culturing the Bifidobacterium breve, inactivating the culture, collecting the precipitate, and drying the precipitate.

[0124] In certain embodiments, the bacterial powder is prepared by the following method: inactivating the Bifidobacterium breve after fermentation, collecting the precipitate by centrifugation, and vacuum freeze-drying.

[0125] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is fermented using MRS medium.

[0126] In certain embodiments, the Bifidobacterium breve is heat-inactivated at 70-95°C.

[0127] Definition of terms

[0128] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. At the same time, in order to better understand the present invention, the definitions and explanations of relevant terms are provided below.

[0129] As used herein, the term "lipid metabolism" refers to a biochemical reaction that specifically refers to the process by which lipids are synthesized, decomposed, digested, absorbed, and transported within an organism under the action of various enzymes. The major lipids in the blood include cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids (PLs), and free fatty acids. In certain embodiments, lipid metabolism processes fat into substances required by the body, ensuring the normal functioning of physiological functions.

[0130] As used herein, the term "abnormal lipid metabolism" refers to abnormalities in the synthesis, breakdown, digestion, absorption, and transport of lipids in the body, resulting in excess or insufficient lipids in tissues. Abnormal lipid metabolism can be caused by chronic high cholesterol, high saturated fatty acids, a high-calorie diet, genetic factors, apolipoprotein abnormalities, mental work, lack of exercise, and mental stress. Abnormal lipid metabolism can lead to hyperlipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.

[0131] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refers to a carrier that is pharmacologically and / or physiologically compatible with the subject and the active ingredient, which is well known in the art (see, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. Edited by Gennaro AR, 19th ed. Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Company, 1995), and includes, but is not limited to, pH adjusters, surfactants, adjuvants, and ionic strength enhancers. For example, pH adjusters include, but are not limited to, phosphate buffers; surfactants include, but are not limited to, cationic, anionic, or nonionic surfactants, such as Tween-80; and ionic strength enhancers include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride.

[0132] As used herein, the term "dietary supplement" refers to an edible product that can provide a beneficial effect (e.g., nutritional effect, preventive effect, therapeutic effect or other beneficial effect) to a consumer. In this article, dietary supplements encompass products such as health products, nutritional products, and tonics.

[0133] As used herein, the term "drug" encompasses drugs for use in both human and animal medicine and veterinary medicine, as well as drugs for incorporation into animal feed (e.g., livestock feed and / or pet food). In addition, the term "drug" as used herein means any substance that provides a therapeutic, preventive, and / or beneficial effect. The term "drug" as used herein is not necessarily limited to substances that require a marketing approval, but includes substances that can be used in cosmetics, health products, foods (including, for example, feed and beverages), probiotic cultures, and dietary supplements.

[0134] Advantageous Effects of the Invention

[0135] The applicants of this patent previously identified a probiotic strain, Bifidobacterium breve 207-1, with a microbial deposit number of GDMCC No. 60962. Subsequent research unexpectedly revealed that this inactivated strain exhibits remarkable efficacy in promoting lipolysis and / or inhibiting fat absorption. Therefore, the strain and compositions containing it have great potential for the preparation of pharmaceuticals or foods for diseases and / or conditions associated with fat gain, such as weight gain, obesity, fatty liver, and fat accumulation.

[0136] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following drawings and examples are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Various objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on the following detailed description of the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0137] Figure 1 shows the fluorescence intensity graph of zebrafish after being treated with different samples to promote fat decomposition.

[0138] Figure 2 shows the staining of vascular fat in the intestine and tail of zebrafish after they were treated with different samples.

[0139] FIG3 shows a curve diagram of changes in body weight of mice in different treatment groups at different time points, wherein, compared with the model group, #p<0.05.

[0140] FIG4 shows the total weight gain of mice in different treatment groups before and after treatment, where #p<0.05 compared with the model group.

[0141] FIG5 shows the HE staining results of liver tissues of mice in different treatment groups.

[0142] Notes on the Deposit of Biological Materials

[0143] Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 has been deposited at the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC) located on the 5th floor of Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou. It has the deposit number GDMCC No. 60962 and the deposit date is January 15, 2020. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0144] The invention will now be described with reference to the following examples which are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it.

[0145] Unless otherwise indicated, the experiments and procedures described in the examples were performed essentially according to conventional methods well known in the art and described in various references. For example, conventional techniques of immunology, biochemistry, chemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, cell biology, genomics, and recombinant DNA used in the present invention can be found in Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis, MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd ed. (1989); CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (FM Ausubel et al., eds., (1987)); METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY series (Academic Press): PCR 2: A PRACTICAL APPROACH (MJ MacPherson, BD Hames, and GR Taylor, eds. (1995)); and ANIMAL CELL CULTURE. CULTURE) (RI Freshney, ed. (1987)).

[0146] In addition, if specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were performed under conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially. It is understood that the examples describe the present invention by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All publications and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0147] Example 1. Test strains

[0148] Preparation method of postbiotics

[0149] The live bacteria of Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 are fermented in MRS medium at 35-37°C for 24h to 72h, and then heat-inactivated at 70-95°C. The inactivated bacteria are centrifuged to obtain a precipitate, which is then freeze-dried in a vacuum. The dried bacteria are sieved to obtain the final postbiotics. The postbiotics have passed the tests of various indicators including sensory requirements, net content, total lactic acid bacteria, bacterial count, and coliform group, and are in compliance with the requirements of the "Measures for the Supervision and Management of Quantitative Packaged Goods" issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. After testing, the number of Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 bacteria in the postbiotics is 3×10 11 / g.

[0150] Source of experimental strains

[0151] The Bifidobacterium breve strains involved in this experiment were all derived from By-Health's proprietary strain library. These strains were isolated from fecal samples of normal full-term newborns born at the West China Women's and Children's Hospital of Sichuan University. Specifically, fresh feces were collected from infants within 1-4 months of birth using sterile fecal collection tubes. Immediately after sampling, the feces were temporarily stored at 4°C and then transported to the laboratory by the sampling personnel at low temperatures for dilution and culture. If immediate processing was not possible, the fecal samples were stored anaerobically at 4°C and cultured the same day. Subsequently, they were isolated and purified using the plate method to obtain single strains. The specific species of the isolated strains were identified using Mérieux's API 50CH and 16S rDNA sequencing, and the strains were numbered and deposited in By-Health's proprietary strain library. Among them, Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 was preserved during early research due to its acid and bile resistance, and a patent application was applied for.

[0152] Example 2. Evaluation of the efficacy of postbiotics in promoting lipolysis in zebrafish

[0153] 2.1 Experimental animals

[0154] Translucent Albino zebrafish with melanin allele mutations were raised in 28°C fish farming water (water quality: 200 mg of instant sea salt per 1 L of reverse osmosis water, conductivity of 450-550 μS / cm; pH of 6.5-8.5; hardness of 50-100 mg / L CaCO3). They were bred and provided by our company's fish farming center. The experimental animal use license number is: SYXK (Zhejiang) 2022-0004. The breeding and management of these zebrafish meet the requirements of the international AAALAC accreditation (certification number: 001458).

[0155] Zebrafish were bred in natural pairs, and zebrafish at 2 days post fertilization (dpf) were used to determine the maximum detectable concentration (MTC) of the samples in promoting lipolysis and their efficacy evaluation.

[0156] 2.2 MTC determination

[0157] 2-day-old Albino zebrafish with a melanin allele mutation were randomly selected and plated in a 6-well plate. Thirty zebrafish were treated in each well (experimental group). The samples were administered in water, and a normal control group was also established. Each well contained 3 mL of solution. After two days of treatment at 28°C, the MTC of the samples in normal zebrafish was measured. Under these experimental conditions, the MTC of the postbiotics in promoting lipolysis was 2000 μg / mL.

[0158] 2.3 Evaluation of the efficacy of promoting lipolysis (phenotype)

[0159] 2-day-old Albino zebrafish with a melanin allele mutation were randomly selected and plated in 6-well plates. Thirty zebrafish were treated in each well (experimental group). The samples and the positive control, resveratrol (11.4 μg / mL, Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.), were administered in water, along with a normal control group (3 mL per well). After one day of treatment at 28°C, each experimental group was treated with Nile red dye in water. After another day of treatment at 28°C, ten randomly selected zebrafish from each experimental group were photographed under a fluorescence microscope. Data were collected and analyzed using NIS-Elements D 3.20 advanced image processing software. Fluorescence intensity of zebrafish yolk sac fat was analyzed, and the lipolysis-promoting efficacy of the samples was evaluated using this indicator. Statistical results are expressed as mean ± SE. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1.

[0160] Table 1. Results of the experimental evaluation of the sample's lipolysis promoting efficacy (n=10) Note: Compared with the normal control group, *p<0.05, ***p<0.001

[0161] 2.4 Evaluation of the efficacy of promoting lipolysis (gene)

[0162] Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (Gene ID: 83908) is a specific protein located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. When activated, UCP1 uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, inhibiting ATP synthesis and releasing energy as heat, increasing energy expenditure. Studies have shown that overexpression of UCP1 in white fat reduces the body weight of obese mice. UCP1 activation increases energy output and reduces fatty acid synthesis.

[0163] Total RNA from each zebrafish group in step 1.3 was extracted using the Universal RNA Extraction TL Kit C (Foshan Aowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). The concentration and purity of the total RNA were determined using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and all met acceptable standards. 2.00 μg of total RNA from the zebrafish samples was synthesized into 20.0 μL of cDNA according to the instructions of the first-strand cDNA synthesis kit. UCP1 primer information is shown in Table 2.

[0164] Table 2. Primer sequence information for β-actin and ucp1 genes

[0165] β-actin and ucp1 gene expression were detected by q-PCR. β-actin was used as an internal control for gene expression, and the relative RNA expression of the ucp1 gene was calculated. Statistical results are expressed as mean ± SE. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. A p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0166] Table 3. Results of the experiment on the evaluation of the sample's lipolysis promoting effect (ucp1 gene) (n=3) Note: Compared with the normal control group, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0167] The results showed that postbiotics have the effect of promoting zebrafish fat decomposition. Specifically, in terms of phenotype, the fluorescence intensity of yolk sac fat was significantly reduced compared with the control group, and the fat decomposition effect was best at a concentration of 2000 μg / mL.

[0168] At the gene level, treatment with 1000 μg / mL and 2000 μg / mL of inactivated postbiotics significantly upregulated the relative expression of the ucp1 gene compared to the control group. This result suggests that postbiotics may reduce the weight of obese mice by upregulating the expression of ucp1.

[0169] Example 3. Evaluation of the Effect of Postbiotics on Inhibiting Fat Absorption in Zebrafish

[0170] 3.1 Experimental animals

[0171] Wild-type AB zebrafish were raised in aquaculture water at 28°C (water quality: 200 mg of instant sea salt was added to each liter of reverse osmosis water, conductivity was 450-550 μS / cm; pH was 6.5-8.5; hardness was 50-100 mg / LCaCO3). They were bred and provided by our company's fish farming center. The experimental animal use license number is SYXK(Zhejiang)2022-0004. The breeding and management of these fish were in compliance with the requirements of the international AAALAC accreditation (certification number: 001458).

[0172] Zebrafish were bred in natural pairs. Zebrafish aged 5 dpf were used to determine the maximum detectable concentration (MTC) of the samples for inhibiting fat absorption and to evaluate their efficacy.

[0173] 3.2 MTC determination

[0174] 5dpf wild-type AB strain zebrafish were randomly selected and placed in beakers, with 30 zebrafish treated in each beaker (experimental group). Samples were administered in water, and normal and model control groups were also established. Each beaker held 20mL of water. After 1 hour of treatment at 28°C, all other concentration groups, except the normal control group, were fed pure egg yolk powder in water to establish a dietary fat absorption model. After a further day of treatment at 28°C, the mean temperature (MTC) of the samples in the model zebrafish was measured. Under these experimental conditions, the MTC for postbiotics to inhibit fat absorption was 2000μg / mL.

[0175] 3.3 Evaluation of fat absorption inhibition efficacy (phenotype)

[0176] 5-dpf wild-type AB strain zebrafish were randomly selected and placed in beakers. Thirty zebrafish were treated in each beaker (experimental group). Samples and the positive control, orlistat (Shandong New Era Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), were administered in water at a concentration of 15.0 μg / mL. A normal control group and a model control group were also established. Each beaker held 20 mL of water. After treatment at 28°C for 1 hour, all zebrafish in all concentration groups, except the normal control group, were fed pure egg yolk powder in water to establish a dietary fat absorption model. After treatment at 28°C for another day, the fish were treated with Oil Red O for whole-body fat staining. After decolorization and bleaching, ten zebrafish were randomly selected from each experimental group and photographed under a dissecting microscope. Data were acquired using NIS-Elements D 3.20 advanced image processing software. The intensity of fat staining in the intestine and tail vessels was analyzed, and the inhibitory effect of the samples on fat absorption was evaluated using statistical analysis. Statistical results are expressed as mean ± SE. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The results are shown in Table 4. The zebrafish intestine and tail vascular fat staining is shown in Figure 2.

[0177] Table 4. Results of the experiment on evaluation of the fat absorption inhibition efficacy of samples (phenotype) (n=10)

[0178] Compared with the model control group, ***p<0.001

[0179] 3.4 Evaluation of Fat Absorption Inhibition Efficacy (Gene)

[0180] Adipor2 (Gene ID: 560140) encodes the adiponectin receptor, AdipoR2. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that increases fatty acid burning and energy expenditure. Adiponectin activates the AMPK and PPARα pathways, thereby stimulating fatty acid oxidation, increasing fatty acid burning, and reducing tissue cholesterol levels in the liver. AdipoR2 is the receptor for full-length adiponectin, mediating increased AMPK and PPARα ligand activity, as well as adiponectin's ability to oxidize fatty acids and uptake glucose. Obesity reduces adiponectin levels, which in turn reduces adiponectin sensitivity and reduced fatty acid burning, creating a vicious cycle. The lepa gene (Gene ID: 100150233) encodes the adipocyte-secreted protein hormone leptin. Leptin plays a major role in regulating energy homeostasis. Circulating leptin binds to leptin receptors in the brain, activating downstream signaling pathways that inhibit feeding and promote energy expenditure. Leptin levels increase in obesity, suppressing food intake, while weight loss leads to decreased leptin levels, increasing food intake.

[0181] Total RNA from each zebrafish group (step 2.3) was extracted using the Universal RNA Extraction TL Kit C. Total RNA concentration and purity were determined using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. 2.00 μg of total RNA from each zebrafish sample was synthesized into 20.0 μL of cDNA according to the instructions of the first-strand cDNA synthesis kit. Primer information is shown in Table 5.

[0182] Table 5. Primer sequence information for β-actin, adipor2, and lepa genes

[0183] β-actin, adipor2, and lepa gene expression was measured by q-PCR. β-actin was used as an internal control for gene expression, and the relative RNA expression levels of adipor2 and lepa genes were calculated. Statistical results are presented as mean ± SE. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0184] Table 6. Results of the sample fat absorption inhibition efficacy evaluation (gene) experiment (n=3)

[0185] Compared with the model control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0186] The results showed that postbiotics have the effect of inhibiting zebrafish fat absorption. Specifically, in terms of phenotype, the fat staining intensity of the intestine and tail blood vessels was significantly reduced compared with the model control group. Compared with positive drugs, the fluorescence intensity at different concentrations was lower than that of orlistat, showing a better effect of inhibiting fat absorption.

[0187] At the genetic level, postbiotic treatment significantly upregulated the relative expression of adipor2 and downregulated the relative expression of lepa compared to the model control group. This result suggests that postbiotics may inhibit fat absorption by regulating the relative expression of these two genes.

[0188] Example 4. Study on the Effect of Postbiotics on Improving Obesity in Mice

[0189] Eight-week-old male C57BL / 6J mice were housed at 21±2°C, 30-70% humidity, and a 12-hour light cycle with free access to water and feed. After 7 days of adaptive feeding, they were randomly divided into three groups, each containing 16 mice. The control group (CON) was fed a standard diet and gavaged with normal saline; the model group (HFD) was fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet (HFHCD) and gavaged with normal saline; and the inactivated bacteria group (HK207-1) was fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet and gavaged with postbiotics (0.01 g of inactivated bacteria powder dissolved in 200 μl of normal saline). Food intake and body weight were recorded weekly. Mice were sacrificed at week 5, and blood and organs were collected.

[0190] After eyeball blood collection, the blood was allowed to rest for at least 2 hours and then centrifuged at 2000 × g at 4°C for 20 minutes to remove the supernatant. Serum was then separated by centrifugation again at 2000 × g at 4°C for 5 minutes. Liver, visceral fat (peri-intestinal, peri-renal, and peri-gonadal), and inguinal subcutaneous fat were collected and weighed. Liver tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Transcriptomics was used to analyze the mRNA expression of the adipogenic gene SCD1 (Gene ID: 20249), the lipolysis gene HSL (Gene ID: 16890), and the gene involved in fatty acid β-oxidation ACOX3 (Gene ID: 80911).

[0191] The weight of mice in the model group was significantly higher than that of the blank group two weeks after modeling (Figure 3), and the total weight gain of the model group was much higher than that of the blank group, indicating that the modeling was successful. The weight of mice fed with postbiotics was significantly lower than that of the model group after five weeks (Figure 4), and the total weight gain was significantly lower than that of the model group, indicating that postbiotics can improve obesity.

[0192] Mice fed a high-fat diet had significantly higher accumulation of liver fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat than those in the control group. Postbiotic intervention significantly reduced liver fat and peri-intestinal and peri-renal fat accumulation in mice, and showed some potential in improving subcutaneous fat accumulation, suggesting that postbiotics can improve visceral fat accumulation and abdominal obesity. Liver transcriptome data showed that compared with the model group, postbiotic intervention significantly downregulated the fat synthesis gene SCD1 and significantly upregulated the gene ACOX3 involved in fat oxidation. This result suggests that postbiotic intervention can regulate lipid metabolism by promoting lipolysis and fat oxidation.

[0193] From the liver staining results (Figure 5), it can be seen that the high-fat feeding model group caused balloon-like lesions in liver cells, resulting in a certain degree of fatty liver, and the intervention of postbiotics can alleviate this lesion, indicating that postbiotics have the effect of improving fatty liver.

[0194] Table 7. Fat weight of mouse organs

[0195] Compared with the blank group, *p<0.05; compared with the model group, #p<0.05

[0196] Table 8. Expression levels of genes involved in fat metabolism in the liver

[0197] Compared with the blank group, *p<0.05; compared with the model group, #p<0.05

[0198] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the details based on all the teachings published, and these changes are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The entire invention is given by the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. Use of a postbiotic or a composition comprising the postbiotic in the preparation of a medicament or food for preventing and / or improving a disease and / or symptom associated with fat gain in a subject; in, The postbiotics are prepared by fermenting and inactivating Bifidobacterium breve, and the Bifidobacterium breve is preserved in Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center with a preservation number of GDMCC No.60962.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein The medicine or food is used to prevent and / or improve a disease and / or symptom caused by fat gain in a subject; The disease and / or symptom is selected from weight gain, obesity, fatty liver, fat accumulation (e.g., visceral fat accumulation, subcutaneous fat accumulation), abnormal lipid metabolism, or any combination thereof; Preferably, the subcutaneous fat accumulation is selected from abdominal fat accumulation, arm fat accumulation, leg fat accumulation, or any combination thereof; Preferably, the visceral fat accumulation is selected from peri-intestinal fat accumulation, peri-renal fat accumulation, peri-gonadal fat accumulation, or any combination thereof; Preferably, the BMI of the obese subject is greater than 23.9 kg / m 2 (For example, BMI greater than 25 kg / m 2 , greater than 26kg / m 2 , greater than 27kg / m 2 , greater than 28kg / m 2 , greater than 29kg / m 2 , greater than 30kg / m 2 ); Preferably, the drug or food can promote fat decomposition and / or inhibit fat absorption; Preferably, the drug or food is capable of maintaining the subject's weight and / or BMI; Preferably, the drug or food can reduce the weight and / or BMI of the subject; Preferably, the drug or food can make the subject have a healthy BMI (e.g., 18.5-23.9 kg / m 2 ).

3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The Bifidobacterium breve exists in the medicine or food in the form of dead bacteria; Preferably, after the drug or food is administered to a subject, it can increase the subject's sense of fullness; Preferably, after the drug or food is administered to a subject, the subject's food intake can be reduced; Preferably, the medicine or food further comprises another active ingredient (e.g., compound); Preferably, the additional active ingredient is capable of promoting fat decomposition and / or inhibiting fat absorption; for example, L-carnitine; Preferably, the additional active ingredient is capable of accelerating metabolism; for example, tea polyphenols, caffeine; Preferably, the additional active ingredient is a lipase inhibitor (eg orlistat).

4. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The drug has one or more characteristics selected from the following: (1) The drug is a drug that is targeted for gastrointestinal release or a drug that is controlled for release in the gastrointestinal tract; (2) The drug further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; (3) The drug is in the form of pills, powders, capsules, tablets (e.g., effervescent tablets), film-coated tablets, orally disintegrating granules, liquids, suppositories or enemas.

5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The food has one or more characteristics selected from the following: (1) The food is a dietary supplement; (2) The food further comprises prebiotics; Preferably, the prebiotic is selected from fructooligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, inulin, spirulina, arthrospira, versicolor polysaccharide, carrot nitrogen-containing polysaccharide, casein hydrolyzate, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, or any combination thereof; (3) The food is selected from solid beverages, candies or juices, or the food is a dairy product (e.g., yogurt, flavored fermented milk, lactic acid bacteria beverage, cheese); (4) The food is in the form of pills, powders, capsules, tablets (e.g., effervescent tablets), film-coated tablets, orally disintegrating granules, or liquids.

6. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, having one or more characteristics selected from the following: (1) The subject is a mammal; preferably, the mammal is selected from mice, pigs, rabbits, monkeys, sheep, and humans; (2) The amount of postbiotics added to the drug or food is 0.001g-0.1g; (3) The amount of postbiotics added to the medicine or food is 0.001-0.005 g, 0.005-0.01 g, 0.01-0.05 g or 0.05-0.1 g.

7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The composition comprises the postbiotic, and a microorganism selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, or any combination thereof; Preferably, the microorganism is a probiotic; Preferably, the microorganism is yeast; Preferably, the yeast is selected from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, or any combination thereof; Preferably, the bacteria is selected from Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactococcus spp., Pediococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., or any combination thereof.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein The use has one or more characteristics selected from the following: (1) The bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus spp. reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus salivarius, or any combination thereof; (2) the bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium is selected from the group consisting of Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, or any combination thereof; (3) The bacterium of the genus Bacillus is selected from: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, or any combination thereof; (4) The Propionibacterium bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Propionibacterium shermanii, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, or any combination thereof; (5) The bacteria of the genus Streptococcus are selected from Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus salivarius, or any combination thereof; (6) The bacteria of the genus Lactococcus is Lactococcus lactis; (7) The bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are selected from the group consisting of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus mundtii, or any combination thereof.

9. A method for regulating the body weight of a subject, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of a postbiotic to a subject, wherein the postbiotic is prepared by inactivating and fermenting Bifidobacterium breve, and the Bifidobacterium breve is deposited in Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of GDMCC No.60962; Preferably, the effective amount of postbiotics is 0.001g-0.1g; for example, 0.001-0.005g, 0.005-0.01g, 0.01-0.05g, 0.05-0.1g; Preferably, the method is capable of maintaining the subject's body weight; Preferably, the method is capable of reducing the body weight of the subject; Preferably, the method enables the subject to maintain a BMI (e.g., 18.5-23.9 kg / m 2 ); Preferably, the subject is a mammal; Preferably, the mammal is selected from mice, pigs, rabbits, monkeys, sheep and humans.

10. Use of a postbiotic or a composition comprising the postbiotic in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting or reducing lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject, wherein: The postbiotics are prepared by fermenting and inactivating Bifidobacterium breve, and the Bifidobacterium breve is deposited in Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of GDMCC No.60962; Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is capable of maintaining the subject's body weight; Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is capable of reducing the body weight of the subject; Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition can enable the subject to have a healthy BMI (e.g., 18.5-23.9 kg / m 2 ); Preferably, the subject is a mammal; Preferably, the mammal is selected from mice, pigs, rabbits, monkeys, sheep and humans.

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