Change-speed gearbox, and motor vehicle having a change-speed gearbox of this type

Abstract

The invention relates to a change-speed gearbox (1), in particular for a utility vehicle, with a planetary set (5) and a shifting device (7), wherein the planetary set (5) comprises a ring gear (9), a planetary carrier (11), a first sun gear (13) of smaller diameter and a second sun gear (15) of greater diameter, characterized in that the shifting device (7) can be moved firstly between a locked position and a released position and secondly between a first transmission position, a second transmission position and a third transmission position, and is configured to brake the ring gear (9) fixedly in the locked position and to release it in the released position, and to connect a driven shaft (17) torque-transmittingly to the first sun gear (13) in the first transmission position, to the second sun gear (15) in the second transmission position, and directly to the planetary carrier (11) in the third transmission position.

Description

[0001] Manual transmission and motor vehicle with such a manual transmission

[0002] The invention relates to a manual transmission and a motor vehicle with such a manual transmission.

[0003] Manual transmissions of the type discussed here are used to provide low-speed gear ratios (ratio > 1) for starting or maneuvering. The typically complex design and the large amount of space required by such manual transmissions pose problems.

[0004] The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a manual transmission and a motor vehicle with such a manual transmission, wherein the disadvantages mentioned are at least reduced, preferably do not occur.

[0005] The object is achieved by providing the present technical teaching, in particular the teaching of the independent claims as well as the embodiments disclosed in the dependent claims and the description.

[0006] The object is achieved in particular by providing a manual transmission, in particular for a commercial vehicle, with a planetary gear set and a shifting device, wherein the planetary gear set has a ring gear, a planet carrier, a first sun gear of smaller diameter, and a second sun gear of larger diameter. It is provided that the shifting device is displaceable, on the one hand, between a locking position and a release position and, on the other hand, between a first transmission position, a second transmission position, and a third transmission position, and is configured to brake the ring gear in the locking position and to release it in the release position, and to connect a driven shaft in a torque-transmitting manner to the first sun gear in the first transmission position, to the second sun gear in the second transmission position, and directly to the planet carrier in the third transmission position.Advantageously, the manual transmission has a simple design and a compact size, particularly due to the combination of the planetary carrier with the first sun gear and the second sun gear. Furthermore, it can advantageously have a low mass, thus contributing in particular to the energy efficiency of a motor vehicle that incorporates the manual transmission.

[0007] In particular, the manual transmission has exactly one planetary carrier.

[0008] In the context of the present technical teaching, "locking" an element of the planetary gear set means that the locked element is fixed in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a non-rotating part, for example a steering knuckle or a chassis frame.

[0009] In the context of the present technical teaching, an "element" of a planetary gear set is understood to mean, in particular, a gear or gear set of the planetary gear set.

[0010] In one embodiment, the driven shaft is connectable, preferably connected, to an electric motor in a torque-transmitting manner. It is possible for the driven shaft to be detachably connected to the electric motor via a coupling. In another embodiment, the driven shaft is permanently or rigidly connected to the electric motor. The driven shaft can be connected to the electric motor directly or indirectly via at least one further torque-transmitting intermediate member.

[0011] According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the manual transmission has an output shaft that is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the planet carrier.

[0012] In one embodiment, the output shaft is connectable, preferably connected, to driven wheels of the motor vehicle, in particular to a drive wheel shaft, in a torque-transmitting manner. It is possible for the output shaft to be detachably connected to the driven wheels via a clutch. In another embodiment, the driven shaft is permanently connected to the driven wheels. The driven shaft can be connected to the driven wheels, in particular to the drive wheel shaft, directly or indirectly via at least one further torque-transmitting intermediate element, in particular a differential gear, another manual transmission, or the like.

[0013] According to a further development of the invention, the planet carrier comprises a first planetary gear set with a first number of first, larger-diameter planetary gears and a second planetary gear set with a second number of second, smaller-diameter planetary gears. A planetary gear set selected from the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set meshes with the ring gear, the first planetary gears mesh with the first sun gear, and the second planetary gears mesh with the second sun gear. In this way, the manual transmission can advantageously be designed to be particularly compact.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first planetary gears mesh with the ring gear. Alternatively or additionally, the first number is equal to the second number.

[0015] According to a further development of the invention, the first planetary gears and the second planetary gears are arranged in pairs on a common carrier shaft of the planetary carrier. The planetary carrier can thus be designed as a compact component with planetary gear sets arranged on common carrier shafts. Advantageously, this design also makes the manual transmission particularly compact and lightweight.

[0016] According to a further development of the invention, the shifting device is configured to be arranged in a first gear simultaneously in the locked position and in the first transmission position. This advantageously provides a low gear with a high gear ratio for slowing down, particularly for starting and maneuvering.

[0017] In one embodiment, a gear ratio from the driven shaft to the output shaft in the first gear is from / = 3 to / = 5, in particular / = 3.77.

[0018] According to a further development of the invention, the shifting device is configured to be arranged in a second gear simultaneously in the locked position and in the second transmission position. This advantageously provides a slightly higher gear, but still with a low-speed ratio.

[0019] In one embodiment, the gear ratio from the driven shaft to the output shaft in the second gear is from / = 1.5 to / = 2.5, in particular / = 1.96.

[0020] According to a further development of the invention, the shifting device is configured to be arranged in a third gear simultaneously in the release position and in the third transmission position. This advantageously additionally provides a higher gear with a lower transmission ratio.

[0021] In one embodiment, the gear ratio from the driven shaft to the output shaft in the third gear is from / = 0.8 to / = 1.2, in particular / = 1.00. According to a development of the invention, the shifting device is designed to be arranged in a first idle gear simultaneously in the locked position and between the first transmission position and the second transmission position, wherein the driven shaft or the output shaft is optionally relieved at the same time. Advantageously, the first idle gear also allows synchronization between the first sun gear and the second sun gear. In this way, low-wear and low-noise shifting between the first gear and the second gear is ensured.

[0022] According to a further development of the invention, the shifting device is configured to be arranged in a second idle gear simultaneously in the release position and between the second transmission position and the third transmission position, with the driven shaft or the output shaft optionally being unloaded at the same time. Advantageously, the second idle gear simultaneously allows synchronization between the second sun gear and the planetary carrier. This ensures, in particular, low-wear and low-noise shifting between the second gear and the third gear.

[0023] The object is also achieved by providing a motor vehicle with a manual transmission according to the invention or a manual transmission according to one or more of the previously described embodiments. In connection with the motor vehicle, the advantages that were previously explained in connection with the manual transmission are particularly evident.

[0024] In one embodiment, the motor vehicle is designed as a commercial vehicle. This particularly realizes the aforementioned advantages, particularly with regard to a compact, space-saving design of the manual transmission and improved maneuverability.

[0025] The motor vehicle has at least one electric motor, in particular as a drive motor or as one of several drive motors. In one embodiment, the motor vehicle has exactly one electric motor, in particular as a drive motor, in one configuration as a single drive motor.

[0026] In one embodiment, the driven shaft of the manual transmission is connected to the electric motor in a torque-transmitting manner. The driven shaft can be detachably connected to the electric motor via a first clutch of the motor vehicle. However, it can also be permanently or rigidly connected to the electric motor. The driven shaft can be connected to the electric motor directly or indirectly via at least one further torque-transmitting intermediate member.

[0027] In one embodiment, the output shaft of the manual transmission is connected to the driven wheels of the motor vehicle, in particular to a drive wheel shaft, in a torque-transmitting manner. It is possible for the output shaft to be detachably connected to the driven wheels via a second clutch of the motor vehicle. In another embodiment, the driven shaft is permanently connected to the driven wheels. The driven shaft can be connected to the driven wheels, in particular to the drive wheel shaft, directly or indirectly via at least one further torque-transmitting intermediate element, in particular a differential gear, another manual transmission, or the like.

[0028] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, which show:

[0029] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a manual transmission in a first gear;

[0030] Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the manual transmission according to Figure 1 in a first idle gear;

[0031] Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the manual transmission according to Figure 1 in a second gear;

[0032] Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the gearbox according to Figure 1 in a second idle gear, and

[0033] Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the manual transmission according to Figure 1 in a third gear.

[0034] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a manual transmission 1 in a first gear.

[0035] The manual transmission 1 is preferably part of a motor vehicle 3, in particular a commercial vehicle. It comprises a planetary gear set 5 and a shifting device 7, wherein the planetary gear set 5 comprises a ring gear 9, a planet carrier 11, a first, smaller-diameter sun gear 13, and a second, larger-diameter sun gear 15.It is provided that the switching device 7 is displaceable, on the one hand, between a locked position and a released position and, on the other hand, between a first transmission position, a second transmission position, and a third transmission position, and is configured to brake the ring gear 9 in the locked position—here, in particular, on a chassis frame 16—and to release it in the released position, in particular, to detach it from the chassis frame 16, and to connect a driven shaft 17 in the first transmission position to the first sun gear 13, in the second transmission position to the second sun gear 15, and in the third transmission position directly to the planetary carrier 11 in a torque-transmitting manner. The manual transmission 1 has a simple structure and a compact design and has a low mass, which has a positive effect on the energy efficiency of the motor vehicle 3.

[0036] In particular, the manual transmission 1 has the planet carrier 11 as the only planet carrier 11.

[0037] The driven shaft 17 is preferably connected to an electric motor 19 of the motor vehicle 3, which is only indicated schematically here, in a torque-transmitting manner, preferably via a first clutch not shown here.

[0038] Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment shown here, the manual transmission 1 has an output shaft 21 which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the planetary carrier 11 and which is preferably connected to driven wheels 23 of the motor vehicle 3, which are only indicated schematically, preferably via a second clutch (not shown here) and / or further torque-transmitting intermediate elements such as, for example, further transmissions.

[0039] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated here, the planet carrier 11 has a first planetary gear set 25 with a first number of first, larger-diameter planetary gears 27 and a second planetary gear set 29 with a second number of second, smaller-diameter planetary gears 31. For the sake of clarity, only one of the first planetary gears 27 and one of the second planetary gears 29 is identified with a corresponding reference numeral. The first planetary gear set 25 meshes with the ring gear 9, while the first planetary gears 27 also mesh with the first sun gear 13. The second planetary gears 31 mesh with the second sun gear 15.

[0040] In particular, the first planetary gears 27 and the second planetary gears 31 are each arranged in pairs on a common carrier shaft 33 of the planetary carrier 11. For the sake of clarity, only one of the carrier shafts 33 is designated by the corresponding reference numeral.

[0041] Figure 1 shows the shifting device 7 in a first gear, in which it is arranged simultaneously in the locked position and in the first transmission position. Thus, on the one hand, the ring gear 9 is braked, and on the other hand, the driven shaft 17 is connected to the first sun gear 13 in a torque-transmitting manner. In this way, a low gear with a high gear ratio for slowing down is provided, particularly for starting and maneuvering, in particular with a gear ratio from the driven shaft 17 to the output shaft 21 of / = 3 to / = 5, in particular / = 3.77.

[0042] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the manual transmission 1 according to Figure 1 in a first idle gear.

[0043] Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures, so that reference is made to the preceding description in each case.

[0044] In Figure 2, the shifting device 7 is shown in a first idle gear, in which it is simultaneously in the locked position and arranged between the first transmission position and the second transmission position. At the same time, the driven shaft 17 or the output shaft 21 is preferably unloaded. The first idle gear, in particular, allows synchronization between the first sun gear 13 and the second sun gear 15.

[0045] Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the manual transmission 1 according to Figure 1 in a second gear.

[0046] Figure 3 shows the shifting device 7 in a second gear, in which it is arranged simultaneously in the locked position and in the second transmission position. Thus, on the one hand, the ring gear 9 is locked, and on the other hand, the driven shaft 17 is connected to the second sun gear 15 in a torque-transmitting manner. In this way, a slightly higher gear with a lower gear ratio is provided, with the gear ratio being in particular from / = 1.5 to / = 2.5, in particular / = 1.96.

[0047] Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of the manual transmission 1 according to Figure 1 in a second idle gear.

[0048] Figure 4 shows the shifting device 7 in a second idle gear, in which it is simultaneously in the release position—in particular, the ring gear 9 is moved away from the chassis frame 16 to the right in the figure and thus released—and arranged between the second transmission position and the third transmission position. At the same time, the driven shaft 17 or the output shaft 21 is preferably unloaded. The second idle gear, in particular, allows synchronization between the second sun gear 15 and the planet carrier 11. Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the manual transmission 1 according to Figure 1 in a third gear.

[0049] Figure 5 shows the shifting device 7 in a third gear, in which it is arranged simultaneously in the release position and in the third transmission position. Thus, on the one hand, the ring gear 9 is released, and on the other hand, the driven shaft 17 is connected to the planet carrier 11 in a torque-transmitting manner. In this way, a higher gear with a lower transmission ratio is provided, which is in particular / = 0.8 to / = 1.2, in particular / = 1.00.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Manual transmission (1), in particular for a commercial vehicle, with a planetary gear set (5) and a shifting device (7), the planetary gear set (5) having a ring gear (9), a planet carrier (11), a first, smaller-diameter sun gear (13), and a second, larger-diameter sun gear (15), characterized in that the shifting device (7) is displaceable, on the one hand, between a locking position and a release position and, on the other hand, between a first transmission position, a second transmission position, and a third transmission position, and is configured to brake the ring gear (9) in the locking position and to release it in the release position, and to connect a driven shaft (17) in a torque-transmitting manner to the first sun gear (13) in the first transmission position, to the second sun gear (15) in the second transmission position, and directly to the planet carrier (11).

2. Manual transmission (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the manual transmission (1) has an output shaft (21) connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the planet carrier (11).

3. Manual transmission (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planet carrier (11) has a first planetary gear set (25) with a first number of first, larger-diameter planetary gears (27) and a second planetary gear set (29) with a second number of second, smaller-diameter planetary gears (31), wherein a planetary gear set (25, 29) selected from the first planetary gear set (25) and the second planetary gear set (29), meshing with the ring gear (9), wherein the first planetary gears (27) mesh with the first sun gear (13), and wherein the second planetary gears (31) mesh with the second sun gear (15).

4. Manual transmission (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the first planetary gears (27) and the second planetary gears (31) are each arranged in pairs on a common carrier shaft (33) of the planetary carrier (11).

5. Manual transmission (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (7) is designed to be arranged in a first gear simultaneously in the locking position and in the first transmission position.

6. Manual transmission (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (7) is designed to be arranged in a second gear simultaneously in the locking position and in the second transmission position.

7. Manual transmission (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (7) is arranged to be arranged in a third gear simultaneously in the release position and in the third transmission position.

8. Manual transmission (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (7) is designed to be arranged in a first idle gear simultaneously in the locked position and between the first transmission position and the second transmission position, wherein optionally the driven shaft (17) or the output shaft (21) is simultaneously relieved of load.

9. Manual transmission (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (7) is designed to be arranged in a second idle gear simultaneously in the release position and between the second transmission position and the third transmission position, wherein optionally the driven shaft (17) or the output shaft (21) is simultaneously relieved of load.

10. Motor vehicle (3), in particular commercial vehicle, with a manual transmission (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

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