Depolluting textile layer and method for implementing same

Abstract

The invention relates to a depolluting textile layer (1) comprising a first textile film (2) and a second textile film (3) attached to the first textile film (2). The first textile film (2) is permeable to water in a direction that passes through the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3). At least one fungal species (4) is arranged between the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3), and / or attached to at least one of the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3). At least one nutrient (5) is attached to at least one of the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3), and / or arranged between the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3).

Description

DEPOLLUTING TEXTILE LAYER AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION

[0001] The invention relates to a depolluting textile layer and to a method for implementing the depolluting textile layer.

[0002] Conventionally, green spaces are bordered by parking areas or the parking areas are enhanced with green islands. When parked, some vehicles spill hydrocarbons in the form of oil leaks or fuel leaks.

[0003] Following a rainstorm, the hydrocarbon moves along the path of water flow. It is common for some of the water that has flowed over a concrete area not to be directly collected by a wastewater drainage system, but to pass through a certain thickness of living soil. Some of the water and hydrocarbon then come into contact with the soil, which results in more or less significant pollution of the soil. Once the soil is polluted, the pollution diffuses until it reaches the surrounding plants and trees. Animals can also be contaminated when they feed on plants that have absorbed the pollution.

[0004] Pollution also occurs when waste is dumped on the ground and some of the constituents of this waste run off into the ground during periods of rain, soaking the mound with pollution.

[0005] To decontaminate soil, it is traditional to dig the ground to remove the polluted soil and replace it with decontaminated soil. This solution requires significant handling and is carried out after the pollution has been detected. The removed soil is decontaminated or stored. Subject of the invention

[0006] An object of the invention is to provide a depolluting textile layer which is capable of capturing at least part of the pollution as the latter sinks into the ground or rises from a deeper source.

[0007] This problem tends to be solved by means of a depolluting textile layer comprising:- a first textile film and a second textile film attached to the first textile film, the first textile film being permeable to water in a stacking direction which passes through the first textile film and the second textile film;- at least one fungal species arranged between the first textile film and the second textile film and / or installed in at least one of the first textile film and the second textile film;- at least one nutrient attached to at least one of the first textile film and the second textile film and / or arranged between the first textile film and the second textile film;- a depolluting material capable of capturing and / or degrading pollution, the depolluting material being formed by at least one chelating material and / or the at least one fungal species.

[0008] Advantageously, the at least one chelating material is installed in at least one of the first textile film and the second textile film and / or arranged between the first textile film and the second textile film.

[0009] In a particular configuration, at least one of the first textile film and the second textile film is a looped film. The fungal species is arranged inside the loops.

[0010] In an advantageous development, the first textile film and / or the second textile film are porous films defining a percolating network with through holes in one or more directions perpendicular to a stacking direction passing through the first textile film and the second textile film.

[0011] Preferably, the second textile film is permeable to water in the direction passing through the first textile film and the second film. The second textile film has a permeability in a stacking direction passing through the first textile film and the second textile film which is less than 100 l / m 2 / s.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the first textile film has a permeability in the stacking direction which is lower than the permeability of the second textile film, the permeability ratio being less than 0.9.

[0013] In an advantageous development, the second textile film is waterproof depending on the stacking direction.

[0014] Preferably, the depolluting textile layer comprises at least one pipe having one end fixed to at least one of the first textile film, the second textile film or a third textile film, the pipe having a second end connected to a reservoir intended to inject nutrients, a fungal species, a chelating material or a mixture thereof.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment, the fungal species is encapsulated in a water-degradable shell.

[0016] In a preferred configuration, the depolluting material comprises a depolluting fungal species.

[0017] The invention also relates to a decontamination method which uses a decontaminating textile layer. The method is advantageous because it allows for passive decontamination of water circulating in a soil, which allows decontamination as the pollution arrives.

[0018] This result is achieved by means of a soil treatment process comprising the following steps: - digging a hole in the soil formed by a layer of earth; - installing the decontaminating textile layer according to any of the previous configurations in the bottom of the hole; - filling the hole with a water-permeable material.

[0019] The invention also relates to a method of using a depolluting textile layer which is more easily configurable than the textile layers of the prior art.

[0020] This result is achieved by means of a method of using a depolluting textile layer according to a preceding configuration arranged in a soil and comprising at least one of the following steps: - injecting nutrients, a fungal species, a chelating material or a mixture thereof in response to a signal of pollution in the vicinity of the depolluting textile layer; - injecting nutrients, a fungal species, a chelating material or a mixture thereof in response to a detection of a decrease in the depolluting efficiency of the depolluting textile layer; - injecting a chelating material and a fungal species in response to a signal of pollution in the vicinity of the depolluting textile layer, the fungal species having a zero or weak effect on the pollution Summary description of the drawings

[0021] Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementations of the invention given as non-limiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:

[0022] : schematically illustrates a layer of depolluting textile;

[0023] : schematically illustrates a layer of depolluting textile installed in the ground;

[0024] : schematically illustrates a layer of depolluting textile installed in the ground and equipped with supply channels.

[0025] Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate a depolluting textile layer 1, that is to say a layer capable of capturing and retaining all or part of the pollution present in a soil. By pollution, we mean pollution by hydrocarbons, pollution by heavy metals or by other compounds, for example herbicides or pesticides.

[0026] The depolluting textile layer 1 has a first textile film 2 and a second textile film 3. The first textile film is fixed to the second textile film 3. Preferably, the first textile film 2 is fixed to the second textile film 3 in a non-removable manner. The separation of the first textile film 2 from the second textile film 3 causes the degradation of at least one of the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3. The first textile film 2 is fixed to the second textile film 3 by any suitable means, for example by a layer of glue or by partial fusion of the first textile film 2 and / or the second textile film 3.

[0027] Preferably, the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3 are each water-permeable films. When the soil is moistened, for example by means of rain, a downpour, watering or submersion, the water circulates inside the soil from the top to the bottom until it reaches the depolluting textile layer 1. Pollution present on the surface of the soil or in the upper part of the soil is moved to the bottom of the soil. The depolluting textile layer 1 makes it possible to prevent the migration of pollutants beyond the depolluting textile layer 1. A similar problem arises when there is a rise in water from the depths of the soil to the surface. When the water source is polluted, the pollution diluted in the water or which follows the flow of water can rise to the surface.

[0028] Using a permeable depolluting textile layer 1 is preferable to using a waterproof layer. A waterproof layer prevents the circulation of water, which can result in the destruction of living organisms that are separated from the water source by the waterproof layer.

[0029] In order not to harm the life of these living organisms present in the soil, the depolluting textile layer 1 captures all or part of the pollution which is intended to pass through the depolluting textile layer 1.

[0030] The depolluting textile layer 1 has at least one fungal species 4 arranged between the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3 and / or attached to at least one of the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3.

[0031] The depolluting textile layer 1 comprises a depolluting material, i.e. a material which is capable of capturing pollution and / or degrading pollution. By pollution, we preferably mean heavy metals, hydrocarbons, oils, bituminous compounds, gasoline, diesel, bituminous sludge. The depolluting material may be formed by the fungal species and / or another material, for example a chelating material.

[0032] Fungal species 4 may include one or more different species of fungi in order to capture different types of pollutants using the same textile layer. Fungal species 4 may include one or more Trichoderma strains. Fungal species 4 allows for mycoremediation.

[0033] In addition to the fungal species 4, the decontaminating textile layer 1 has a nutrient 5 which is chosen to provide food for the fungal species 4. When the soil is polluted, it may happen that the organisms naturally present in the soil are dead, which deprives the fungal species 4 of a source of subsistence. It is therefore particularly advantageous to combine the fungal species 4 and nutrients so that the fungal species 4 is able to survive in the period following its establishment in the soil, particularly in nutrient-poor soil. The nutrients may include alginates, sugars, for example beet sugars, enriched humus concentrate and / or various complexes of plant origin, particularly humid acid.

[0034] It is advantageous for the fungal species 4 to be encapsulated and for its protective capsule to be soluble or degradable in water or to decompose in the presence of water. The capsule protects the fungal species during the manufacture of the depolluting textile layer 1. Once the depolluting textile layer 1 is installed in the soil, it is subjected to humidity which weakens or dissolves the capsule, which allows the fungal species to become active once installed in the soil and / or to colonize the depolluting textile layer 1 or even beyond. The capsule can be made of clay, of plant material, for example an algae.

[0035] The nutrient 5 may be in different forms, for example in the form of a film, particles, a gel, capsules filled with a powder. The nutrient 5 is attached to the depolluting textile layer 1 so as to be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the fungal species 4 to facilitate the feeding of the fungal species 4 as well as its proliferation in and around the depolluting textile layer 1.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the depolluting textile layer 1 has a chelating material 6 which makes it possible to capture a different type of pollutant than those captured by the fungal species 4 or to capture the pollutants differently. The chelating material 6 will capture and retain the pollutant. For example, the chelating material 6 is an activated carbon. The chelating material 6 is particularly suitable for capturing heavy metals.

[0037] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3 is a porous film and more preferably a looped film, i.e. a film which defines loops on at least one of its surfaces. The porous film may be in the form of a felt or a fabric with loops. The first textile film is presented and the fungal species 4 is deposited on the surface of the first textile film. The fungal species 4 becomes stuck in the loops and a second textile film is attached to the first textile film to wedge the fungal species 4 between the two layers of fabric. Preferably, the thickness of the porous film is used to install at least a portion of the fungal species 4 in the loops.

[0038] The use of a porous material is particularly advantageous, because the pores receiving fungal species 4 and / or in the vicinity of fungal species 4 allow a significant amount of water to be retained by capillarity, which promotes the feeding and growth of fungal species 4.

[0039] It is advantageous for the nutrients 5 to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the depolluting textile layer 1 so as to encourage the fungal species 4 to colonize the surface of the depolluting textile layer 1 and thus create a mycelial network which occupies the entire surface of the depolluting textile layer 1 and / or which extends beyond the depolluting textile layer 1.

[0040] The pore size allows the fungal species to be kept inside the layer. The average pore size is preferably less than 120 microns.

[0041] Preferably, the first textile film 2 and / or the second textile film 3 are porous films defining a percolating network with through holes in one or more directions perpendicular to a stacking direction which passes through the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3. In addition to having permeability in the direction of the thickness of the depolluting textile layer 1, it is advantageous to take advantage of holes or channels which extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the thickness.

[0042] The channels that extend in the length direction and / or the width direction allow water to run off on the surface or inside the depolluting textile layer 1, which allows the polluted water to be spread over the entire surface of the depolluting textile layer 1. This configuration also allows the water to be distributed over the entire surface of the depolluting textile layer 1 to promote the growth of the mycelial network over the entire surface of the depolluting textile layer 1 and promote the capture of pollution over the entire surface of the depolluting textile layer 1.

[0043] Advantageously, the second textile film 3 has a permeability in a stacking direction passing through the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3 which is between 0 and 100 l / m 2 / s. The permeation speed of the water inside the depolluting textile layer 1 is chosen so as to have a contact time between the water and the fungal species 4 which is greater than a threshold time which allows the capture of the pollution. The permeation speed of the depolluting textile layer 1 is defined by the permeation speed of the soil as well as by the average quantity of water received by the soil to be depolluted. By capture of the pollution, we mean the assimilation of the pollutant inside the fungal species 4 or the interaction between the fungal species 4 and the pollutant allowing the degradation of the pollutant.

[0044] By limiting the circulation speed along the thickness direction, a contact time between the fungal species 4 and the water displacing the pollution is defined. Limiting the circulation speed along the thickness direction makes it possible to promote the circulation of the water along the directions perpendicular to the thickness direction. By limiting the circulation speed, it becomes possible to promote contact between the fungal species 4 and the water displacing the pollution in order to promote decontamination over the entire surface of the decontaminating textile layer 1. It is advantageous for the circulation speed along the thickness direction to be lower than the vertical circulation speed in the soil receiving the textile layer, preferably at least 15% lower, more preferably at least 30% lower, even more preferably at least 50% lower.

[0045] In an advantageous configuration, the first textile film 2 has a permeability in a stacking direction which is lower than the permeability of the second textile film 3, the permeability ratio being less than 0.9. The first textile film 2 is more permeable than the second textile film 3. Preferably, the first textile film 2 is more permeable than the second textile film 3. More preferably, the first textile film 2 is arranged above the second textile film 3.

[0046] Water coming from the surface penetrates more easily through the top of the depolluting textile layer 1 and is blocked in the textile layers for a period of time which is a function of the permeability ratio between the two textile films for a given flow of water.

[0047] In a particular embodiment, the second textile film 3 is impermeable to water. The use of a layer impermeable to the flow of water may be advantageous when it is desired to increase the transit time of the water in contact with the depolluting textile layer 1. When an impermeable layer is used, it is advantageous to install the depolluting textile layer 1 in a flat manner and in a horizontal or slightly inclined manner so that the water is able to sink into the depth of the soil. More preferably, the water evacuated by the depolluting textile layer 1 is recovered by an additional textile film which is permeable and which extends continuously under and beyond the impermeable depolluting textile layer 1 so as to be able to hydrate the soil under the impermeable layer.

[0048] It is particularly advantageous that the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3 are formed by porous layers whose average pore diameter is greater than 50 microns in order to allow easy colonization of the volume of the films by a mycelial network originating from the fungal species 4.

[0049] Once the fungal species 4 has colonized the interior of the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3, the fungal species 4 is better protected against external aggressions. As indicated above, the porous conformation makes it possible to retain moisture for longer inside the depolluting textile layer 1.

[0050] The depolluting textile layer 1 is flexible so as to adapt to the profile of the terrain.

[0051] As polluted water comes into contact with the depolluting textile layer 1, the fungal species 4 and / or the chelating material 6 partially or totally capture the pollution which circulates with the water through the textile layer.

[0052] The chelating material 6 is configured to capture a predefined quantity of a pollutant. Once the quantity is reached, the depolluting textile layer 1 is no longer able to capture pollutants. For example, under a vehicle parking area or in the immediate vicinity of a parking area, there may be a continuous or almost continuous supply of pollutants. The quantity of the fungal species 4 is adapted to the quantity of pollutants that will be supplied throughout the operating period of the depolluting textile layer 1, which advantageously corresponds to the duration of the structure.

[0053] The combination of the chelating material 6 and the fungal species 4 is particularly advantageous because it has been observed that during the migration of the fungal species 4 to channel the pore volume of the depolluting textile layer 1 and to extend into the soil beyond the depolluting textile layer 1, the fungal species 4 takes with it a portion of the chelating material 6. The distribution of chelating material 6 evolves as the fungal species 4 migrates. The chelating material 6 preferably has dimensions smaller than the dimensions of the pores so as to be able to migrate inside the depolluting textile layer 1. For example, the chelating material 6 is in the form of microparticles of activated carbon.

[0054] In a particular embodiment, the conditions of use of the depolluting textile layer 1 are aggressive, which may lead to a reduction in the activity of the fungal species 4. For example, the structure may be subjected to pollution that is fungicidal. It also happens that during its operation, the pollution evolves, for example the content of hydrocarbon-type pollutants increases or decreases and the content of heavy metal-type pollutants evolves in the same direction or in the opposite direction. It is also possible that the depolluting textile layer 1 is placed under a structure whose operating life is long, for example greater than 50 years, greater than 75 years or greater than 100 years. It is not guaranteed that the fungal species 4 will be as effective throughout the duration of operation or that the fungal species 4 will be adapted to the evolution of the pollution.It is then advantageous to be able to adapt the content of fungal species 4 and / or chelating material 6 over time.

[0055] Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment in which the depolluting textile layer 1 is provided with a pipe 7, one end of which is intended to be attached to a reservoir containing a liquid. The liquid may contain nutrients, chelating material 6, a fungal species 4 or a mixture thereof.

[0056] For example, after a period of drought or an attack by a fungicide, part of the fungal species 4 may be weakened or have disappeared. The reservoir may contain nutrients which will be injected into the depolluting textile layer 1 by means of the pipe 7. The nutrients will help the fungal species 4 to regenerate. If the content of fungal species 4 is too low, a liquid containing the fungal species 4 is injected and preferably accompanied by the nutrients.

[0057] After detecting an increase in the heavy metal content, it is advantageous to inject a liquid containing the chelating material 6 in order to improve the performance of the depolluting textile layer 1 with respect to this new pollution. It is also possible to inject a fungal species 4 which is different from the fungal species 4 already present in the depolluting textile layer 1 in order to adapt the depolluting performance of the depolluting textile layer 1 to the new pollution applied.

[0058] It is advantageous to inject the fungal species 4 and / or the chelating material 6 using a liquid that contains nutrients.

[0059] In one embodiment, the reservoir is arranged at the other end of the pipe 7 in a non-removable manner. Advantageously, the reservoir is arranged at the other end of the pipe 7 in a removable manner. The reservoir is fixed to the pipe 7 only during the liquid injection phases.

[0060] Preferably, the pipe 7 is arranged between the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 3. Alternatively, the depolluting textile layer 1 has a third textile layer 8 and the pipe 7 is arranged between the third textile layer 8 and the second textile layer 3. The pipe 7 is porous in the area in contact with the second textile film 3 or the first textile film 2 to allow the supply of nutrients, fungal species 4 and / or chelating material 6. The third textile film 8 is fixed to the second textile film 3 on the face opposite the first textile film 2.

[0061] Even if fungal species 4 is able to spread beyond the depolluting textile layer 1, it is expected that fungal species 4 remains confined around the depolluting textile layer 1 whose porous configuration is more favorable than the soil. It is then possible to evaluate the quantity of pollution able to be captured by the depolluting textile layer 1 and to plan its regular replacement.

[0062] In an advantageous embodiment, the fungal species 4 is in the form of particles which are encapsulated by an enclosure formed by a water-soluble material. The fungal species 4 is protected as long as the enclosure is present. The encapsulation by an enclosure makes it possible to protect the fungal species during attachment between the first textile film 2 and the second textile film 2.

[0063] The same is advantageous for nutrients 5 which can be encapsulated with the same material as that of fungal species 4.

[0064] The depolluting textile layer 1 is intended to be installed in water-permeable soil, for example in earth or sand.

[0065] It is particularly advantageous to form a hole in the ground and then install the decontaminating textile layer 1 in the bottom of the hole. The decontaminating textile layer 1 is in a substantially flat shape. The decontaminating textile layer 1 is in a mean plane which is horizontal or which is slightly offset from the horizontal plane in order to have significant contact between the flowing water and the decontaminating textile layer 1.

[0066] In a particular mode of use, after detecting a drop in the depolluting efficiency in a reference zone, nutrients, the fungal species identical to that present in the depolluting textile layer 1, a fungal species different from that of the depolluting textile layer 1 and / or a chelating material 6 are injected.

[0067] It is also possible to inject nutrients, the same fungal species as that present in the depolluting textile layer 1, a fungal species different from that of the depolluting textile layer 1 and / or a chelating material after reporting pollution at the level of the structure associated with the depolluting textile layer 1.

[0068] In a particular mode of use, in response to a report of pollution by heavy metals or to the detection of a decrease in the depolluting efficiency in a reference zone with respect to heavy metals, it is advantageous to inject chelating material 6. If the pollution is in the immediate vicinity of the depolluting textile layer 1, it is advantageous to inject the chelating material 6 in association with a fungal species including a fungal species 4 whose depolluting effect on heavy metals is zero or weak because the chelating material 6 is transported by means of the migration of the fungal species 4. This mode of propagation can even be used when the pollution has a fungicidal effect. In this case, the depolluting textile layer 1 may be devoid of a fungal species 4 capable of capturing the pollution. The fungal species 4 intervenes only to transport the chelating material 6.The fungal species 4 has a size smaller than the pore size of the first textile layer 2 or the second textile layer 3 to move inside the first textile layer 2 or the second textile layer 3 and possibly exit the textile layer to colonize around the textile layer.

Claims

A depolluting textile layer (1) comprising:- a first textile film (2) and a second textile film (3) attached to the first textile film (2), the first textile film (2) being permeable to water in a stacking direction which passes through the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3);- at least one fungal species (4) arranged between the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3) and / or installed in at least one of the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3);- at least one nutrient (5) attached to at least one of the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3) and / or arranged between the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3);- a depolluting material capable of capturing and / or degrading pollution, the depolluting material being formed by at least one chelating material (6) and / or the at least one fungal species (4);characterized in that the second textile film (3) is permeable to water along the stacking direction and the first textile film (2) has a permeability along the stacking direction which is lower than the permeability of the second textile film (3), the permeability ratio being less than 0.9; orthe second textile film (3) is impermeable to water along the stacking direction.; A depolluting textile layer (1) according to claim 1 wherein the at least one chelating material (6) is installed in at least one of the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3) and / or arranged between the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3); wherein at least one of the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3) is a looped film and the fungal species (4) is arranged inside the loops;wherein the first textile film (2) and / or the second textile film (3) are porous films defining a percolating network with through holes in one or more directions perpendicular to the stacking direction, the first textile film (2) and the second textile film (3) having an average pore diameter greater than 50 microns, the chelating material (6) having dimensions smaller than the dimensions of the pores to allow migration inside the depolluting textile layer (1) by means of the fungal species (4).; Depolluting textile layer (1) according to one of claims 1 and 2 in which the second textile film (3) has a permeability in the stacking direction which is less than 100 l / m 2 / s. A depolluting textile layer (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising at least one pipe (7) having one end fixed to at least one of the first textile film (2), the second textile film (3) or a third textile film (8), the pipe (7) having a second end connected to a reservoir intended to inject nutrients, a fungal species (4), a chelating material (6) or a mixture thereof. Depolluting textile layer (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the fungal species (4) is encapsulated in a water-degradable shell. Depolluting textile layer (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which the depolluting material comprises a depolluting fungal species. Method for treating a soil comprising the following steps: - digging a hole in the soil formed by a layer of earth; - installing the depolluting textile layer (1) according to any one of the preceding claims in the bottom of the hole; - filling the hole using a water-permeable material. Method for using a depolluting textile layer (1) according to claim 4 arranged in a soil and comprising at least one of the following steps: - injecting nutrients, a fungal species (4), a chelating material (6) or a mixture thereof in response to a signal of pollution in the vicinity of the depolluting textile layer (1); - injecting nutrients, a fungal species (4), a chelating material (6) or a mixture thereof in response to a detection of a drop in the depollution efficiency of the depolluting textile layer (1); - injecting a chelating material and a fungal species in response to a signal of pollution in the vicinity of the depolluting textile layer (1), the fungal species (4) having a zero or weak effect with respect to the pollution.

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