Abrasive articles and methods of forming same

Abstract

An abrasive article includes a backing and adhesive layer disposed on at least a portion of the backing, a plurality of shaped abrasive particles disposed on the backing, wherein each of the shaped abrasive particles includes a body comprising a length (L), a width (W), and a thickness (T), wherein W>T and L>T, wherein each body of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a thickness to length (T:L) ratio of at least 0.175 and not greater than 0.5 and wherein at least 60% of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles are in a standing orientation.

Description

[0001] ABRASIVE ARTICLES AND METHODS OF FORMING SAME

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The following is directed to abrasive articles, and in particular, coated abrasive articles and methods of forming coated abrasive articles.

[0004] DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

[0005] Abrasive articles incorporating abrasive particles are useful for various material removal operations including grinding, finishing, polishing, and the like. Depending upon the type of abrasive material, such abrasive particles can be useful in shaping or grinding various materials in the manufacturing of goods. Certain types of abrasive particles have been formulated to date that have particular geometries, such as triangular abrasive particles and abrasive articles incorporating such objects. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,201,916; 5,366,523; and 5,984,988.

[0006] Previously, three basic technologies that have been employed to produce abrasive particles having a specified shape, which are fusion, sintering, and chemical ceramic. In the fusion process, abrasive particles can be shaped by a chill roll, the face of which may or may not be engraved, a mold into which molten material is poured, or a heat sink material immersed in an aluminum oxide melt. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,660. In sintering processes, abrasive particles can be formed from refractory powders having a particle size of up to 10 micrometers in diameter. Binders can be added to the powders along with a lubricant and a suitable solvent to form a mixture that can be shaped into platelets or rods of various lengths and diameters. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,079,243. Chemical ceramic technology involves converting a colloidal dispersion or hydrosol (sometimes called a sol) to a gel or any other physical state that restrains the mobility of the components, drying, and firing to obtain a ceramic material. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,744,802 and 4,848,041. Other relevant disclosures on abrasive particles and associated methods of forming and abrasive articles incorporating such particles are available at: http: / / www.abel- ip.com / publications / .

[0007] The industry continues to demand improved abrasive materials and abrasive articles.

[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The present disclosure may be better understood, and its numerous features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure may be better understood, and its numerous features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings.

[0010] FIG. 1 includes a cross sectional image of a section of an abrasive article according to an embodiment.

[0011] FIG. 2A includes a top-view illustration of a portion of a coated abrasive article according to an embodiment.

[0012] FIG. 2B includes a top-view illustration of a portion of a coated abrasive article according to an embodiment.

[0013] FIG. 3 includes an exemplary image of a portion of an abrasive article having abrasive particles in a random orientation.

[0014] FIG. 4A includes a side-view illustration of abrasive particles on a backing according to an embodiment.

[0015] FIG. 4B includes a side-view illustration of a particle on a backing having a tilt angle according to an embodiment.

[0016] FIG. 4C includes a top-down illustration of the particle of FIG. 4B.

[0017] FIG. 5A includes a perspective view illustration of a shaped abrasive particle according to an embodiment.

[0018] FIG. 5B includes a top-down view illustration of a shaped abrasive particle according to an embodiment.

[0019] FIG. 6A includes an image of a 3-PT star-shaped abrasive particle.

[0020] FIG. 6B includes an illustration of a side view of the shaped abrasive particle of FIG. 6A.

[0021] FIG. 7A includes a top down view of a coated abrasive article.

[0022] FIG. 7B includes the image of FIG. 7A edited to highlight the abrasive grains.

[0023] FIG. 7C includes the image of FIG. 7B further edited to grayscale the grains to determine orientation.

[0024] FIG. 8 includes an image of an abrasive article with a colored make layer.

[0025] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

[0026] The following is directed to methods of forming abrasive articles, such as fixed abrasive articles, and more particularly coated abrasive articles. The abrasive articles may be used in a variety of material removal operations for a variety of work pieces. FIG. 1 includes an image of a coated abrasive article 100 according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the coated abrasive article 100 can include a backing 101 in the form of a backing layer. The backing 101 can include a front fill. The coated abrasive article 100 can also include an adhesive layer such as make coat 105 overlying the backing. The coated abrasive article 100 can further include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles 102 and 103. The coated abrasive article can also include a size coat 106 and a super size coat 107. The make coat 105 can have an average thickness, Ta. The make coat 105 can also include an average thickness at the sides of the abrasive particles, Tg. An example make coat thickness at the side of the abrasive particles can be seen as dotted line 110 in FIG. 1.

[0027] In an embodiment, the backing can include a particular material that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the backing can include an inorganic material, an organic material, a naturally occurring material, a woven material, a non-woven material, a polyester, a polyurethane, a polypropylene, a polyimide, a paper, a metal, a metal alloy, or any combination thereof.

[0028] Average make coat thickness can be measured according to the following procedure. Abrasive articles are cut through the middle to reveal a cross-section. The articles are then cut into 2-inch segments and mounted on an epoxy puck. Two 2-inch segments are then imaged, and the make layer is identified by coloring in the layer using the imaging software. FIG. 8 includes an example image of an abrasive article including a colored make layer. Image analysis is used to overlay vertical gridlines, and the line segments overlapping the make layer are identified and isolated. Each line segment corresponds to a make coat thickness measurement. The average of all segments is taken. Approximately 150-200 overlapping line segments were made per two-inch sample segment, resulting in over 300 measurements for each sample.

[0029] Average make coat thickness near standing grains can be measured according to the following procedure. The same cross-sectional images for average make coat thickness can also be used for average make coat thickness near standing grains. Only standing grains showing their cross-sectional rectangular area with their short side in contact with the make coat are considered. For example, in FIG. 1, grain 102 would be considered but grain 103 would not. Additionally, only isolated grains were considered. Standing grains in contact with another grain were not considered for average make coat thickness near standing grains measurements. Measurements were made from the highest point of make contacting the grain side down to the lowest point of make contacting the backing on both sides of the grain. The line of measurement is made perpendicular to the backing plane. In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article can have a make coat of a particular average thickness that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the average thickness of the make coat, Ta, can be at least 50 microns or at least 60 microns or at least 70 microns or at least 80 microns or at least 90 microns or at least 100 microns or at least 110 microns or at least 120 microns or at least 130 microns or at least 140 microns or at least 150 microns or at least 160 microns. In another embodiment, the average thickness of the make coat, Ta, can be not greater than 1 mm or not greater than 800 microns or not greater than 700 microns or not greater than 600 microns or not greater than 500 microns or not greater than 400 microns or not greater than 300 microns or not greater than 275 microns or not greater than 250 microns or not greater than 225 microns or not greater than 200 microns. It will be appreciated that Ta can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 50 microns, and no greater than 800 microns, or at least 80 microns and no greater than 300 microns.

[0030] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article can have a make coat of a particular average thickness at the sides of the abrasive particles, Tg, that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Tg can be at least 50 microns or at least 60 microns or at least 70 microns or at least 80 microns or at least 90 microns or at least 100 microns or at least 110 microns or at least 120 microns or at least 130 microns or at least 140 microns or at least 150 microns. In another embodiment, Tg can be not greater than 1 mm or not greater than 800 microns or not greater than 700 microns or not greater than 600 microns or not greater than 500 microns or not greater than 400 microns or not greater than 300 microns. It will be appreciated that Tg can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 50 microns, and no greater than 800 microns, or at least 80 microns and no greater than 300 microns.

[0031] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article can have a make coat of a particular thickness standard deviation at the sides of the abrasive particles, STDT, that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, STDT can be at least 1 micron or at least 2 microns or at least 3 microns or at least 4 microns or at least 5 microns or at least 7 microns or at least 10 microns or at least 12 microns or at least 15 microns or at least 18 microns or at least 20 microns or at least 22 microns or at least 25 microns or at least 28 microns or at least 30 microns. In another embodiment, STDT can be not greater than 100 microns or not greater than 90 microns or not greater than 85 microns or not greater than 80 microns or not greater than 75 microns or not greater than 70 microns or not greater than 65 microns or not greater than 60 microns or not greater than 55 microns or not greater than 50 microns or not greater than 45 microns or not greater than 40 microns or not greater than 35 microns or not greater than 30 microns or not greater than 25 microns or not greater than 20 microns or not greater than 15 microns or not greater than 10 microns. It will be appreciated that STDT can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 5 microns, and no greater than 100 microns, or at least 10 microns and no greater than 45 microns.

[0032] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article can have a make coat of a particular thickness standard deviation at the sides of the abrasive particles, STDTg, that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, STDTg can be at least 1 micron or at least 5 microns or at least 10 microns or at least 15 microns or at least 20 microns or at least 25 microns or at least 30 microns. In another embodiment, STDTg can be not greater than 100 microns or not greater than 90 microns or not greater than 85 microns or not greater than 80 microns or not greater than 75 microns or not greater than 70 microns or not greater than 65 microns or not greater than 60 microns or not greater than 55 microns or not greater than 50 microns or not greater than 45 microns or not greater than 40 microns or not greater than 35 microns or not greater than 30 microns. It will be appreciated that STDTg can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 5 microns, and no greater than 100 microns, or at least 10 microns and no greater than 45 microns.

[0033] Embodiments herein have referred to particles, which can include abrasive particles, secondary particles, or any combination thereof. Various types of abrasive particles and / or secondary particles can be used with abrasive articles described in the embodiments herein. FIG. 5A includes a perspective view illustration of a shaped abrasive particle in accordance with an embodiment. The shaped abrasive particle 500 can include a body 501 including a first major surface 502, a second major surface 503, and a side surface 504 extending between the first and second major surfaces 502 and 503. As illustrated in FIG. 5 A, the body 501 of the shaped abrasive particle 500 can be a thin-shaped body, wherein the first and second major surfaces 502 and 503 are larger than the side surface 504. Moreover, the body 501 can include a longitudinal axis 510 extending from a point to a base and through the midpoint 550 on a major surface 502 or 503. The longitudinal axis 510 can define the longest dimension of the body along a major surface and through the midpoint 550 of the first major surface 502. In certain particles, if the midpoint of a major surface of the body is not readily apparent, one may view the major surface top-down, draw a closest-fit circle around the two- dimensional shape of the major surface and use the center of the circle as the midpoint of the major surface. FIG. 5B includes a top-down illustration of the shaped abrasive particle of FIG. 5 A. Notably, the body 501 includes a major surface 502 having a triangular two- dimensional shape. The circle 560 is drawn around the triangular shape to facilitate the location of the midpoint 550 on the major surface 502.

[0034] Referring again to FIG. 5A, the body 501 can further include a lateral axis 511 defining a width of the body 501 extending generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 510 on the same major surface 502. Finally, as illustrated, the body 501 can include a vertical axis 512, which in the context of thin-shaped bodies can define a height (or thickness) of the body 501. For thin-shaped bodies, the length of the longitudinal axis 510 is greater than the vertical axis 512. As illustrated, the thickness 512 can extend along the side surface 504 between the major surfaces 502 and 503 and perpendicular to the plane defined by the longitudinal axis 510 and lateral axis 511. It will be appreciated that reference herein to length, width, and height of the abrasive particles may be a reference to average values taken from a suitable sampling size of abrasive particles of a larger group, including, for example, a group of abrasive particles affixed to a fixed abrasive.

[0035] In an embodiment, the body 501 of the shaped abrasive particle may include a length (L), a width (W), and a thickness (T), wherein W>T and L>T. For example, in one nonlimiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a length (L) that may facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive article. In a particular embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a length (L) of at least 500 microns or at least 600 microns or at least 700 microns or at least 800 microns or at least 900 microns or at least 1000 microns or at least 1100 microns or at least 1200 microns or at least 1300 microns or at least 1400 microns or at least 1500 microns or at least 1600 microns or at least 1700 microns or at least 1800 microns or at least 1900 microns or at least 2000 microns. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a length (L) of not greater than 3000 microns or not greater than 2900 microns or not greater than 2800 microns or not greater than 2700 microns or not greater than 2600 microns or not greater than 2500 microns or not greater than 2400 microns or not greater than 2300 microns or not greater than 2200 microns or not greater than 2100 microns or not greater than 2000 microns or not greater than 1900 microns or not greater than 1800 microns or not greater than 1700 microns or not greater than 1600 microns or not greater than 1500 microns. In another embodiment, it will be understood that the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a length (L) within a range of any of the values above, for example, within a range between at least 500 microns and not greater than 3000 microns or at least 1000 microns and not greater than 2000 microns.

[0036] In an embodiment, the body 501 of the shaped abrasive particle may include a width (W) that may facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a width (W) of at least 200 microns or at least 210 microns or at least 220 microns or at least 230 microns or at least 240 microns or at least 250 microns or at least 260 microns or at least 270 microns or at least 280 microns or at least 290 microns or at least 300 microns or at least 310 microns or at least 320 microns or at least 330 microns or at least 340 microns or at least 350 microns. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a width (W) of not greater than 1000 microns or not greater than 980 microns or not greater than 960 microns or not greater than 940 microns or not greater than 920 microns or not greater than 900 microns or not greater than 880 microns or not greater than 860 microns or not greater than 840 microns or not greater than 820 microns or not greater than 800 microns or not greater than 780 microns or not greater than 760 microns or not greater than 740 microns or not greater than 720 microns or not greater than 700 microns or not greater than 680 microns or not greater than 660 microns or not greater than 640 microns or not greater than 620 microns or not greater than 600 microns or not greater than 580 microns or not greater than 560 microns or not greater than 540 microns or not greater than 520 microns or not greater than 500 microns or not greater than 480 microns or not greater than 460 microns or not greater than 440 microns or not greater than 420 microns or not greater than 400 microns or not greater than 380 microns or not greater than 360 microns or not greater than 340 microns or not greater than 320 microns or not greater than 300 microns. In another embodiment, it will be understood that the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have width (W) within a range of any of the values above, for example, within a range between at least 200 microns and not greater than 1000 microns or at least 220 microns and not greater than 400 microns.

[0037] In an embodiment, the body 501 of the shaped abrasive particle may include a thickness (T) that may facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness (T) of at least 200 microns or at least 205 microns or at least 210 microns or at least 220 microns or at least 230 microns or at least 240 microns or at least 250 microns or at least 260 microns or at least 270 microns or at least 280 microns or at least 290 microns or at least 300 microns or at least 310 microns or at least 320 microns or at least 330 microns. In still another non-limiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness (T) of not greater than 1000 microns or not greater than 950 microns or not greater than 900 microns or not greater than 850 microns or not greater than 800 microns or not greater than 750 microns or not greater than 700 microns or not greater than 650 microns or not greater than 600 microns or not greater than 550 microns or not greater than 500 microns or not greater than 450 microns or not greater than 400 microns or not greater than 350 microns. In another embodiment, it will be understood that the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have thickness (T) within a range of any of the values above, for example, within a range between at least 200 microns and not greater than 1000 microns or at least 300 microns and not greater than 350 microns.

[0038] In an embodiment, the body 501 of the shaped abrasive particle may include a thickness to length (T:L) ratio that may facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness to length (T:L) ratio of at least 0.175, such as at least 0.180 or at least 0.185 or at least 0.19 or at least 0.195 or at least 0.2 or at least 0.21 or at least 0.22 or at least 0.23 or at least 0.24 or at least 0.25. In still another nonlimiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness to length (T:L) ratio of not greater than 0.50, such as not greater than 0.49 or not greater than 0.48 or not greater than 0.47 or not greater than 0.46 or not greater than 0.45 or not greater than 0.44 or not greater than 0.43 or not greater than 0.42 or not greater than 0.41 or not greater than 0.40 or not greater than 0.39 or not greater than 0.38 or not greater than 0.37 or not greater than 0.36 or not greater than 0.35 or not greater than 0.34 or not greater than 0.33 or not greater than 0.32 or not greater than 0.31 or not greater than 0.30 or not greater than 0.29 or not greater than 0.28 or not greater than 0.27 or not greater than 0.26 or not greater than 0.25. In another embodiment, it will be understood the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness to length (T:L) ratio within a range of any of the values above, for example, within a range between at least 0.175 to not greater than 0.50 or within a range between at least 0.2 and not greater than 0.49.

[0039] In an embodiment, the body 501 of the shaped abrasive particle may include a thickness to width (T:W) ratio that may facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness to width (T:W) ratio of at least 0.175, such as at least 0.180 or at least 0.185 or at least 0.19 or at least 0.195 or at least 0.2 or at least 0.21 or at least 0.22 or at least 0.23 or at least 0.24 or at least 0.25. In still another nonlimiting embodiment, the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness to width (T:W) ratio of not greater than 0.50, such as not greater than 0.49 or not greater than 0.48 or not greater than 0.47 or not greater than 0.46 or not greater than 0.45 or not greater than 0.44 or not greater than 0.43 or not greater than 0.42 or not greater than 0.41 or not greater than 0.40 or not greater than 0.39 or not greater than 0.38 or not greater than 0.37 or not greater than 0.36 or not greater than 0.35 or not greater than 0.34 or not greater than 0.33 or not greater than 0.32 or not greater than 0.31 or not greater than 0.30 or not greater than 0.29 or not greater than 0.28 or not greater than 0.27 or not greater than 0.26 or not greater than 0.25. In another embodiment, it will be understood the body of the shaped abrasive particle may have a thickness to width (T:W) ratio within a range of any of the values above, for example, within a range between at least 0.175 to not greater than 0.50 or within a range between at least 0.2 and not greater than 0.49.

[0040] FIG. 5A includes an illustration of a shaped abrasive particle having a two- dimensional shape as defined by the plane of the upper major surface 502 or major surface 503, which has a generally triangular two-dimensional shape. It will be appreciated that the shaped abrasive particles of the embodiments herein are not so limited and can include other two-dimensional shapes. For example, the shaped abrasive particles of the embodiment herein can include particles having a body with a two-dimensional shape as defined by a major surface of the body from the group of shapes including polygons, regular polygons, irregular polygons, irregular polygons including arcuate or curved sides or portions of sides, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet characters, Latin alphabet characters, Russian alphabet characters, Kanji characters, complex shapes having a combination of polygons shapes, shapes including a central region and a plurality of arms (e.g., at least three arms) extending from a central region (e.g., star shapes), and a combination thereof. Particular polygonal shapes include rectangular, trapezoidal, quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, nonagonal, decagonal, and any combination thereof. In another instance, the finally formed shaped abrasive particles can have a body having a two-dimensional shape such as an irregular quadrilateral, an irregular rectangle, an irregular trapezoid, an irregular pentagon, an irregular hexagon, an irregular heptagon, an irregular octagon, an irregular nonagon, an irregular decagon, and a combination thereof. An irregular polygonal shape is one where at least one of the sides defining the polygonal shape is different in dimension (e.g., length) with respect to another side. As illustrated in other embodiments herein, the two-dimensional shape of certain shaped abrasive particles can have a particular number of exterior points or external corners. For example, the body of the shaped abrasive particles can have a two-dimensional polygonal shape as viewed in a plane defined by a length and width, wherein the body comprises a two-dimensional shape having at least 4 exterior points (e.g., a quadrilateral), at least 5 exterior points (e.g., a pentagon), at least 6 exterior points (e.g., a hexagon), at least 7 exterior points (e.g., a heptagon), at least 8 exterior points (e.g., an octagon), at least 9 exterior points (e.g., a nonagon), and the like.

[0041] FIG. 2A includes an illustration of a portion of a coated abrasive article 200 according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the coated abrasive article 200 can include a backing 201 having a longitudinal axis 280 and a lateral axis 281. The abrasive article 200 can include a backing 201 having a major surface and an abrasive layer forming an abrasive surface overlying the major surface of the backing. The abrasive layer can form a single layer of abrasive particles 202 and 203 adhered to the major surface of the backing. FIG. 2B also includes an illustration of a portion of a coated abrasive with abrasive particles 202 and 203.

[0042] In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a random rotational orientation relative to each other. The randomness of the rotational orientation is evaluated by creating a histogram or distribution of measured orientations from randomly sampled areas from a given abrasive article. The process for measuring the rotational orientation of particles on a substrate is started by obtaining a coated abrasive sample that does not include overlying layers on the particles or cleaning the coated abrasive sample to expose the particles, such that the particles are clearly visible. If a coated abrasive article includes layers overlying the particles (e.g., size coat, supersize coat, etc.) a gentle sandblasting operation can be conducted to selectively remove the overlying layers and expose the underlying abrasive particles. Care should be taken during the sandblasting operation to ensure that the particles are not damaged or moved. The selective removal operation may be conducted in stages to ensure that only the overlying layers are removed but the underlying particles are not damaged or altered.

[0043] After obtaining a sample with the particles exposed, at least two randomly selected regions of the sample are imaged using a suitable device, such as a Cannon Powershot SI 10 camera with a resolution of 338 pixels / cm. From these images, the location and orientation of each particle relative to the edge of the sample are cataloged using MATLAB image analysis software. The orientation of the particle is based on the angle of the major axis of the abrasive particles as viewed top-down relative to an edge of the coated abrasive. The same axis should be used to evaluate all sample images. The orientation of each particle is defined by an orientation angle between -90 degrees and +90 degrees. The orientation angles are then plotted in a plot of orientation angle (x-axis) versus frequency (y-axis) to create a histogram of the orientation angles. If the histogram has an essentially flat profile, such that the frequency for any given orientation angle is nearly the same as the frequency for any other orientation angle, the histogram demonstrates that the particles generally have no primary orientation mode, and therefore, the particles have a random orientation. FIG. 3 includes an exemplary image of a portion of an abrasive article having abrasive particles in a random orientation.

[0044] It should be noted that while certain embodiments herein can have particles arranged in a random orientation, other embodiments may include particles arranged in a non-random or controlled distribution.

[0045] According to one embodiment, an abrasive particle 202 can be overlying the backing 201 in a first position having a first rotational orientation relative to a lateral axis 281 defining the width of the backing 201 and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 280. In particular, the abrasive particle 202 can have a predetermined rotational orientation defined by a first rotational angle between a lateral axis 284 parallel to the lateral axis 281 and a dimension of the abrasive particle 202. Notably, reference herein to a dimension can be a reference to a bisecting axis 231 of the abrasive particle 202 extending through a center point 221 of the abrasive particle 202 as viewed top-down. Moreover, the predetermined rotational orientation can be defined as the smallest angle 241 with the lateral axis 284 extending through the center point 221. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, the abrasive particle 202 can have a predetermined rotational angle defined as the smallest angle 241 between the bisecting axis 231 and the lateral axis 284, wherein the lateral axis is parallel to the lateral axis 281. It will be appreciated that the lateral axis 281 may also be a radial axis where the backing 201 has a circular or elliptical shape. In accordance with an embodiment, the angle 241 defining the rotational orientation of the abrasive particle 202 relative to the lateral axis 284 can be any value within a range between at least 0 degrees and not greater than 90 degrees.

[0046] As further illustrated in FIG. 2A, the abrasive particle 203 can be at a second position overlying the backing 201 and having a predetermined rotational orientation. Notably, the predetermined rotational orientation of the abrasive particle 203 can be characterized as the smallest angle between the lateral axis 285 parallel to the lateral axis 281 of the backing and a bisecting axis 232 of the abrasive particle 203 extending through a center point 222 of the abrasive particle 203. In accordance with an embodiment, the rotational angle 208 can be any value within a range of at least 0 degrees to 90 degrees. In accordance with an embodiment, the abrasive particle 202 can have a predetermined rotational orientation as defined by the rotational angle 241 that is different than the predetermined rotational orientation of the abrasive particle 203 as defined by the rotational angle 208. In particular, the difference between the rotational angle 241 and rotational angle 208 for the abrasive particles 202 and 203 can define a predetermined rotational orientation difference. In particular instances, the predetermined rotational orientation difference can be any value within a range of at least 0 degrees and not greater than 90 degrees.

[0047] FIG. 2B includes a top-view illustration of a portion of a coated abrasive article according to an embodiment. As illustrated, the abrasive article 200 can include a plurality of abrasive particles arranged at different positions on the backing 201, wherein the abrasive particles 253 define a random distribution of the particles on the backing. Moreover, the abrasive particles 253 have a random rotational orientation with respect to each other, such that the rotational orientation of the abrasive particles 253 varies from particle-to-particle in a random manner. According to one aspect, the random rotational orientation of the abrasive particles is such that the rotational angle of one abrasive particle in the group cannot be used to predict the rotational orientation of any of the immediately adjacent particles. Thus, a group of abrasive particles having a random rotational orientation lacks any short-range (i.e., immediately adjacent) or long-range order with respect to their rotational angles. It will be appreciated that any particles attached to the backing using the systems and processes of the embodiments herein can have a random rotational orientation with respect to each other.

[0048] The coated abrasive articles of the embodiments herein can have at least a majority of the total content (weight or number) of abrasive particles having a random rotational orientation on the backing. In still other instances, at least 10% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles or at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% or essentially all of the shaped abrasive particles have a random rotational orientation. In one embodiment, all of the abrasive particles on the backing have a random rotational orientation.

[0049] FIG. 4A includes a side-view illustration of abrasive particles on a backing according to an embodiment. The methods disclosed in the embodiments herein can facilitate the formation of coated abrasive articles having a particular distribution and orientation of abrasive particles. Notably, without wishing to be tied to a particular theory, it is noted that the projection rate and efficiency of the process disclosed herein may facilitate improved control of the tilt angle of the abrasive particles adhered to the backing. To better understand these features, FIG. 4A provides a side-view illustration of three abrasive particles in various orientations. It will be appreciated that the coated abrasive articles of the embodiments herein can have various contents of particles in the depicted orientations as described in more detail herein. The first particle 402 can have a particle axis 403 extending at a particular tilt angle 404 relative to the surface of the backing 401. The particle axis 403 can be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first particle 402 that defines the length of the first particle 402. The first particle 402 is representative of a particle in a standing orientation having a tilt angle 404 within a range of greater than 65 degrees to 90 degrees. The second particle 411 can have a particle axis 412 extending at a particular tilt angle 413 relative to the surface of the backing 401. The particle axis 412 can be parallel to a longitudinal axis of the second particle 411 that defines the length of the second particle 411. The second particle 411 is representative of a particle in a slanted orientation having a tilt angle 413 within a range of greater than 5 degrees to 65 degrees. The third particle 421 can have a particle axis 422 extending at a particular tilt angle 423 relative to the surface of the backing 401. The particle axis 422 can be parallel to a longitudinal axis of the third particle 421 that defines the length of the third particle 421. The third particle 421 is representative of a particle in a flat orientation having a tilt angle 423 within a range of 0 degrees to not greater than 5 degrees (i.e., not greater than 5 degrees). FIG. 4B includes a side-view illustration of a particle on a backing having a particular tilt angle according to an embodiment. As illustrated, the particle 431 can be a shaped abrasive particle as described in embodiments herein. The particle 431 can have a longitudinal axis 436 as defined later in this application. The backing 433 can define a substantially planar surface and have an axis 434 extending normally to the substantially planar surface of the backing 433. The tilt angle 435 is the smallest angle between the planar surface of the backing 433 and an axis 432, which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 436 of the particle 431. Certain particles can have longitudinal axes along various surfaces, which may result in different tilt angles. In such instances, the axis defining the largest angle is the tilt angle.

[0050] FIG. 4C includes a top-down illustration of the particle of FIG. 4B. In certain instances, a top-down view may provide a suitable vantage for identifying the direction of the tilt and thus can be suitable for measuring the tilt angle.

[0051] In one aspect, a coated abrasive article may include a plurality of abrasive particles, wherein the tilt angle of the abrasive particles is controlled, which may facilitate improved performance of the coated abrasive. For example, at least a portion of the shaped abrasive particles have a tilt angle greater than 45 degrees. In further aspects, a portion includes at least 10% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles or at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% or essentially all of the shaped abrasive particles have a tilt angle greater than 45 degrees.

[0052] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article may have a particular percentage of standing particles that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. Standing particles can be defined as particles having a tilt angle of 65 to 90 degrees. In an embodiment, the standing abrasive particles can include at least 60% of the total number of the abrasive particles or at least 62% or at least 65% or at least 67% or at least 70% or at least 72% or at least 75% or at least 77% or at least 80% or at least 82% or at least 85% or at least 87% or at least 90% of the total number of the abrasive particles. In another embodiment, the standing abrasive particles can include not greater than 99.9% of the total number of the abrasive particles or not greater than 99% or not greater than 98% or not greater than 97% or not greater than 96% or not greater than 95% of the total number of the abrasive particles. It will be appreciated that the percentage of standing particles can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 10% and not greater than 99% or at least 20% and not greater than 95%.

[0053] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article may have a particular percentage of slanted particles that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. Slanted particles can be defined as particles having a tilt angle of 5 to 65 degrees. In an embodiment, the slanted abrasive particles can include at least 1% of the total number of the abrasive particles or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the total number of the abrasive particles. In another embodiment, the slanted abrasive particles can include not greater than 90% of the total number of the abrasive particles or not greater than 85% or not greater than 80% or not greater than 75% or not greater than 70% or not greater than 65% or not greater than 60% or not greater than 55% or not greater than 50% or not greater than 45% or not greater than 40% or not greater than 35% or not greater than 30% or not greater than 25% or not greater than 20% or not greater than 18% or not greater than 15% or not greater than 12% or not greater than 10% of the total number of the abrasive particles. It will be appreciated that the percentage of slanted particles can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 5% and not greater than 80% or at least 15% and not greater than 35%. In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article may have a particular percentage of well oriented particles that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. Well oriented particles can be defined as particles having a tilt angle of 5 to 90 degrees and include slanted and standing particles. In an embodiment, the well oriented abrasive particles can include at least 60% of the total number of the abrasive particles or at least 62% or at least 65% or at least 67% or at least 70% or at least 72% or at least 75% or at least 77% or at least 80% or at least 82% or at least 85% or at least 87% or at least 90% or at least 92% or at least 95% of the total number of the abrasive particles. In another embodiment, the well oriented abrasive particles can include not greater than 99.9% of the total number of the abrasive particles or not greater than 99% or not greater than 98% or not greater than 97% or not greater than 96% or not greater than 95%. It will be appreciated that the percentage of well oriented particles can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 5% and not greater than 99% or at least 15% and not greater than 95%.

[0054] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article may have a particular percentage of fallen particles that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. Fallen particles can be defined as particles having a tilt angle of 0 to 5 degrees. In an embodiment, the fallen abrasive particles at least 0.1% of the total number of the abrasive particles or at least 0.2% or at least 0.4% or at least 0.6% or at least 0.8% or at least 1% or at least 1.5% or at least 2% or at least 2.5% or at least 3% or at least 3.5% or at least 4% or at least 4.5% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the total number of the abrasive particles. In another embodiment, the fallen abrasive particles can include not greater than 20% of the total number of the abrasive particles or not greater than 18% or not greater than 15% or not greater than 14% or not greater than 13% or not greater than 12% or not greater than 11% or not greater than 10% or not greater than 9% or not greater than 8% or not greater than 7% or not greater than 6% of the total number of the abrasive particles. It will be appreciated that the percentage of fallen particles can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 0.2% and not greater than 15% or at least 1% and not greater than 9%.

[0055] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article may have a particular percentage of inverted particles that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. Inverted particles can be defined as particles having a tilt angle of 5 to 90 degrees as well a tip, corner or point extending into the make coat, and a planar surface or surfaces such as a base, opposite the tip on the other end of the of the abrasive particle. Only particles having a tip on one end of its longitudinal axis and at least one planar surface on the opposite end of the longitudinal axis can be inverted. Exemplary particle shapes that can be in an inverted orientation include triangles, 3-PT stars, pentagons, and pyramids. Particles having planar surfaces on both ends of their longitudinal axis (e.g., rods or cylinders, rectangular prisms,) and particles having points on both ends of their longitudinal axis (e.g., toothpick shaped, diamond shaped, 4-point starts) cannot be in an inverted orientation. In an embodiment, the inverted abrasive particles at least 0.1% of the total number of the abrasive particles or at least 0.2% or at least 0.4% or at least 0.6% or at least 0.8% or at least 1% or at least 1.5% or at least 2% or at least 2.5% or at least 3% or at least 3.5% or at least 4% or at least 4.5% or at least 5% of the total number of the abrasive particles. In another embodiment, the inverted abrasive particles can include not greater than 20% of the total number of the abrasive particles or not greater than 18% or not greater than 15% or not greater than 12% or not greater than 10% or not greater than 9% or not greater than 8% or not greater than 7% or not greater than 6% or not greater than 5% of the total number of the abrasive particles. It will be appreciated that the percentage of inverted particles can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 0.2% and not greater than 15% or at least 1% and not greater than 9%.

[0056] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive particle may have a particular ratio (Pst / Psl) of standing particles (Pst) to slanted particles (Psi) that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Pst / Psl can be at least 1 or at least 2 or at least 3 or at least 4 or at least 5 or at least 6 or at least 7 or at least 8 or at least 9.0 or at least 10.0 or at least 11 or at least 12 or at least 13 or at least 14 or at least 15 or at least 16 or at least 17 or at least 18 or at least 19 or at least 20 or at least 25 or at least 30 or at least

[0057] 35 or at least 40 or at least 45 or at least 50 or at least 55 or at least 60 or at least 65 or at least

[0058] 70 or at least 75 or at least 80 or at least 85. In another embodiment, Pst / Psl can be not greater than 100 or not greater than 95 or not greater than 90. It will be appreciated that Pst / Psl can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 1.2 and not greater than 95 or at least 2.0 and not greater than 85.

[0059] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive particle may have a particular ratio (Pst / Pf) of standing particles (Pst) to fallen particles (Pf) that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Pst / Pf can be at least 2.0 or at least 2.2 or at least 2.4 or at least 2.6 or at least 2.8 or at least 3.0 or at least 3.2 or at least or at least 3.4 or at least 3.6 or at least 3.8 or at least 4.0 or at least 4.2 or at least 4.4 or at least 4.6 or at least 4.8 or at least 5.0 or at least 5.2 or at least 5.4 or at least 5.6 or at least 5.8 or at least 6.0 or at least 6.2 or at least 6.4 or at least 6.6 or at least 6.8 or at least 7.0 or at least 7.2 or at least 7.4 or at least 7.6 or at least 7.8 or at least 8.0 or at least 8.5. In another embodiment, Pst / Pf can be not greater than 500 or not greater than 200 or not greater than 100 or not greater than 90 or not greater than 80 or not greater than 70 or not greater than or not greater than 60 or not greater than 50 or not greater than 40 or not greater than 30 or not greater than 20. It will be appreciated that Pst / Pf can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 2.0 and not greater than 500 or at least 2.6 and not greater than 70.

[0060] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive particle may have a particular ratio (Psl / Pf) of slanted particles (Psi) to fallen particles (Pf) that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Psl / Pf can be at least 0.01 or at least 0.1 or at least 0.2 or at least 0.3 or at least 0.4 or at least 0.5 or at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 or at least 0.8 or at least 0.9 or at least 1 or at least 1.2 or at least 1.4 or at least 1.6 or at least 1.8 or at least 2.0 or at least 2.2 or at least 2.4 or at least 2.6 or at least 2.8 or at least 3.0. In another embodiment, Psl / Pf can be not greater than 100 or not greater than 95 or not greater than 90 or not greater than 80 or not greater than 70 or not greater than 60 or not greater than 50 or not greater than 40 or not greater than 30 or not greater than 20 or not greater than 10 or not greater than 8 or not greater than 6. It will be appreciated that Psl / Pf can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 2.0 and not greater than 95 or at least 2.6 and not greater than 70.

[0061] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive particle may have a particular ratio (Pst / Pi) of standing particles (Pst) to inverted particles (Pi) that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Pst / Pi can be at least 1 or at least 2.0 or at least 3.0 or at least 4.0 or at least 5.0 or at least 6 or at least 7 or at least 8 or at least 9 or at least 10 or at least 12 or at least 15 or at least 18 or at least 20. In another embodiment, Pst / Pi cannot be greater than 100 or not greater than 95 or not greater than 90 or not greater than 80 or not greater than 70 or not greater than 60 or not greater than 50 or not greater than 40 or not greater than 30 or not greater than 20 or not greater than 10. It will be appreciated that Pst / Pi can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 2.0 and not greater than 80 or at least 6 and not greater than 20.

[0062] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive particle may have a particular ratio (Psl / Pi) of slanted particles (Psi) to inverted particles (Pi) that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Psl / Pi can be at least 0.1 or at least 0.2 or at least 0.25 or at least 0.3 or at least 0.5 or at least 1 or at least 1.2 or at least 1.4 or at least 1.5 or at least 2.0 or at least 2.2 or at least 2.4 or at least 2.6 or at least 2.8 or at least 3.0 or at least 3.2 or at least or at least 3.4 or at least 3.6 or at least 3.8 or at least 4.0 or at least 4.2 or at least 4.4 or at least 4.6 or at least 4.8 or at least 5.0 or at least 5.2 or at least 5.4 or at least 5.6. In another embodiment, Psl / Pi can be not greater than 100 or not greater than 95 or not greater than 90 or not greater than 80 or not greater than 70 or not greater than 60 or not greater than 50 or not greater than 40 or not greater than 30 or not greater than 20 or not greater than 10 or not greater than 8 or not greater than 6 or not greater than 4 or not greater than 3 or not greater than 2 or not greater than 1.5 or not greater than 1. It will be appreciated that Psl / Pi can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 2.0 and not greater than 95 or at least 2.6 and not greater than 70.

[0063] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive particle may have a particular ratio (Pf / Pi) of fallen particles (Pf) to inverted particles (Pi) that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, Pf / Pi can be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 or at least 0.8 or at least 0.9 or at least 1 or at least 1.2 or at least 1.4 or at least 1.6 or at least 1.8 or at least 2.0 or at least 2.2 or at least 2.4 or at least 2.6 or at least 2.8 or at least 3.0 or at least 3.2 or at least or at least 3.4 or at least 3.6 or at least 3.8 or at least 4.0 or at least 4.2 or at least 4.4 or at least 4.6 or at least 4.8 or at least 5.0. In another embodiment, Pf / Pi can be not greater than 100 or not greater than 95 or not greater than 90 or not greater than 80 or not greater than 70 or not greater than 60 or not greater than 50 or not greater than 40 or not greater than 30 or not greater than 20 or not greater than 10 or not greater than 8 or not greater than 6 or not greater than 4 or not greater than 3 or not greater than 2 or not greater than 1.5. It will be appreciated that Pf / Pi can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 2.0 and not greater than 95 or at least 2.6 and not greater than 70.

[0064] Shaped abrasive particles may be formed through particular processes, including molding, printing, casting, extrusion, and the like. Shaped abrasive particles can be formed such that each particle has substantially the same arrangement of surfaces and edges relative to each other. For example, a group of shaped abrasive particles generally have the same arrangement and orientation and or two-dimensional shape of the surfaces and edges relative to each other. As such, the shaped abrasive particles have a relatively high shape fidelity and consistency in the arrangement of the surfaces and edges relative to each other. Moreover, constant height abrasive particles (CHAPs) can also be formed through particular processes that facilitate the formation of thin-shaped bodies that can have irregular two-dimensional shapes when viewing the major surface top-down. CHAPs can have less shape fidelity than shaped abrasive particles but can have substantially planar and parallel major surfaces separated by a side surface.

[0065] By contrast, non-shaped particles can be formed through different processes and have different shape attributes compared to shaped abrasive particles and CHAPs. For example, non-shaped particles are typically formed by a comminution process wherein a mass of material is formed and then crushed and sieved to obtain abrasive particles of a certain size. However, a non-shaped particle will have a generally random arrangement of surfaces and edges, and generally will lack any recognizable two-dimensional or three-dimensional shape in the arrangement of the surfaces and edges. Moreover, non-shaped particles do not necessarily have a consistent shape with respect to each other, and therefore have a significantly lower shape fidelity compared to shaped abrasive particles or CHAPs. The nonshaped particles generally are defined by a random arrangement of surfaces and edges for each particle and with respect to other non-shaped particles.

[0066] In an embodiment, the plurality of abrasive particles 102 and 103 of the coated abrasive article can include shaped abrasive particles. In an embodiment, the shaped abrasive particles can be 3-PT star-shaped abrasive particles.

[0067] In an embodiment, the plurality of shaped abrasive particles can include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a 3-PT star two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane of a length and width of the body. The body can include at least 3 exterior corners and at least 4 side surface sections, or at least 5 side surface sections or at least 6 side surface sections. In an embodiment, the plurality of shaped abrasive particles can include a body having at least 3 exterior comers, where the sum of the angles of the exterior corners is less than 180 degrees. In an embodiment, the plurality of shaped abrasive particles can include a body having at least 3 exterior corners, where each of the exterior corners defines an angle less than 60 degrees or less than 59 degrees or less than 58 degrees or less than 57 degrees or less than 56 degrees or less than 55 degrees. In an embodiment, the plurality of shaped abrasive particles can include a body having at least 3 exterior corners and at least 3 interior corners, where each of the interior corners have an interior comer angle value greater than any of the exterior comer values of any of the at least 3 exterior corners. Exterior comers can be identified using the “rubber band test.” If a rubber band were to be stretched around the body of the abrasive particle, the corners that contact the rubber band and cause deflection of the rubber band would be exterior comers.

[0068] FIG. 6A includes a top view image of a 3-PT star-shaped abrasive particle according to a particular embodiment. As illustrated, the shaped abrasive particle 600 can define a starshaped body, as viewed in two dimensions. In particular, the shaped abrasive particle 600 can include a body 601 having a central portion 602 and a first arm 603, a second arm 604, and a third arm 605 extending from the central portion 602. The body 601 can have a length (1) measured as the longest dimension along a side of the particle and a width (w), measured as the longest dimension of the particle between a midpoint 653 of a side through the midpoint 690 of the body 601 to a first tip 606 of the first arm 603. The width can extend in a direction perpendicular to the dimension of the length. The body 601 can have a thickness (t), extending in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface or first major surface 610 of the body 601 defining the third side surface 656 between the upper surface or first major surface 610 and the base surface 611 as illustrated in FIG. 6B, which is a side view illustration of the image of the particle of FIG. 6A.

[0069] The shaped abrasive particle 600 can have a body 601 in the form of a 3-PT star defined by the first arm 603, second arm 604, and the third arm 605 extending from the central portion 602. According to one particular embodiment, at least one of the arms, including, for example, the first arm 603, can have a midpoint width 613 that is less than a central portion width 612. The central portion 602 can be defined as a region between the midpoints 651, 652, and 653 of the first side surface 654, second side surface 655, and third side surface 656, respectively. The central portion width 612 of the first arm 603 can be the width of the dimension between the midpoints 651 and 652. The midpoint width 613 can be the width of the line at a midpoint between the line of the central portion width 612 and the tip 606 of the first arm 603 along a first axis 660. In certain instances, the midpoint width 613 can be not greater than about 90% of the central portion width 612, such as not greater than about 80%, or not greater than about 70%, or not greater than about 5%, or even not greater than about 60%. Still, the midpoint width 613 can be at least about 10%, such as at least about 20%, or at least about 30%, or even at least about 40% of the central portion width 612. It will be appreciated that the midpoint width 613 can have a width relative to the central portion width 612 within a range between any of the above minimum and maximum percentages. Moreover, the body 601 can have at least one arm, such as the first arm 603, having a tip width at the tip 606 of the first arm 603 that is less than a midpoint width 613. In such instances wherein the tip 606 is sharply formed, the tip width may be considered 0. In instances wherein the tip 606 has a radius of curvature, the tip width may be considered the diameter of the circle defined by the radius of curvature. According to one embodiment, the tip width 614 can be not greater than about 90% of the midpoint width 613, such as not greater than about 80%, or not greater than about 70%, or not greater than about 60%, or not greater than about 50%, or not greater than about 40%, or not greater than about 30%, or not greater than about 20%, or even not greater than about 10%. Still, in certain non-limiting embodiments, the tip width 614 can be at least about 1%, such as at least about 2%, or at least about 3%, or at least about 5%, or even at least about 10% of the midpoint width 613. It will be appreciated that the tip width 614 can have a width relative to the midpoint width 613 within a range between any of the above minimum and maximum percentages.

[0070] As further illustrated, the body 601 can have a first arm 603 including a first tip 606 defining a first tip angle 621 between the first side surface 654 and the second side surface 655. According to an embodiment, the first tip angle can be less than about 60 degrees, such as not greater than about 55 degrees, or not greater than about 50 degrees, or not greater than about 45 degrees, or even not greater than about 40 degrees. Still, the first tip angle can be at least about 5 degrees, such as at least about 8 degrees, or at least about 10 degrees, or at least about 15 degrees, or at least about 20 degrees, or at least about 25 degrees, or even at least about 30 degrees. The first tip angle can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

[0071] The body 601 can include a second arm 604 having a second tip 607 defining a second tip angle 622 between the second side surface 655 and third side surface 656. The second tip angle can be substantially the same as the first tip angle, such as within 5% of the angle numerical value. Alternatively, the second tip angle can be substantially different relative to the first tip angle.

[0072] The body 601 can include a third arm 605 having a third tip 608 defining a third tip angle 623 between the first side surface 654 and third side surface 656. The third tip angle can be substantially the same as the first tip angle or second tip angle, such as within 5% of the angle numerical value. Alternatively, the third tip angle can be substantially different relative to the first tip angle or the second tip angle.

[0073] The body 601 can have a total angle, which is a sum of the value of the first tip angle, second tip angle, and third tip angle, which can be less than about 180 degrees. In other embodiments, the total angle can be not greater than about 175 degrees, such as not greater than about 170 degrees, or not greater than about 160 degrees, or not greater than about 150 degrees, such as not greater than about 140 degrees, or not greater than about 130 degrees, or not greater than about 125 degrees, or even not greater than about 120 degrees. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the body 601 can have a total angle of at least about 60 degrees, such as at least about 70 degrees, or at least about 80 degrees, or at least about 90 degrees, such as at least about 95 degrees, or at least about 100 degrees, or even at least about 105 degrees. It will be appreciated that the total sum angle can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

[0074] As noted herein, the body 601 can have a first side surface 654 extending between the first arm 606 and the third arm 608. In certain instances, the first side surface 654 can have an arcuate contour.

[0075] Referring again to FIG. 6 A, the body 601 can have a first side surface 654 having a first side section 658 and a second side section 659. The first side section 658 can extend between the first tip 606 and the midpoint 651, and the second side section 659 can extend between the third tip 608 and the midpoint 651. The first side section 658 and second side section 659 can define an interior angle 662 that can be obtuse. For example, the interior angle 662 can be greater than about 90 degrees, such as greater than about 95 degrees, or greater than about 100 degrees, or greater than about 110 degrees, or even greater than about 120 degrees. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the interior angle 662 can be not greater than about 320 degrees, such as not greater than about 300 degrees, or even not greater than about 270 degrees. It will be appreciated that the interior angle can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

[0076] Referring again to FIG. 6A, the body 601 can have a second side surface 655 having a third side section 670 and a fourth side section 671. The third side section 670 can extend between the first tip 606 and the midpoint 652, and the fourth side section 671 can extend between the second tip 607 and the midpoint 652. The third side section 670 and fourth side section 671 can define an interior angle 680 that can be obtuse. For example, the interior angle 680 can be greater than about 90 degrees, such as greater than about 95 degrees, or greater than about 100 degrees, or greater than about 110 degrees, or even greater than about 120 degrees. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the interior angle 680 can be not greater than about 320 degrees, such as not greater than about 300 degrees, or even not greater than about 270 degrees. It will be appreciated that the interior angle can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above. Referring again to FIG. 6A, the body 601 can have a third side surface 656 having a fifth side section 673 and a sixth side section 674. The fifth side section 673 can extend between the second tip 607 and the midpoint 653, and the sixth side section 674 can extend between the third tip 608 and the midpoint 653. The fifth side section 673 and sixth side section 674 can define an interior angle 681 that can be obtuse. For example, the interior angle 681 can be greater than about 90 degrees, such as greater than about 95 degrees, or greater than about 100 degrees, or greater than about 110 degrees, or even greater than about 120 degrees. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the interior angle 681 can be not greater than about 320 degrees, such as not greater than about 300 degrees, or even not greater than about 270 degrees. It will be appreciated that the interior angle can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above.

[0077] In still another embodiment, the body 601 can have a concavity depth 683 formed by the fifth side section 673 and the sixth side section 674. In an embodiment, the concavity depth 683 can measured along the first axis 660 between the midpoint 653 and a length endpoint 685 where the length endpoint 685 represents the length of the shaped abrasive particle measured beyond the midpoint 653 along the first axis 660. In a particular embodiment, the concavity depth 683 can be at least 10 microns or at least 20 microns or at least 30 microns or at least 40 microns or at least 50 microns or at least 60 microns or at least 70 microns or at least 80 microns or at least 90 microns or at least 100 microns. Still, in on non-limiting embodiment, the concavity depth 683 can be not greater 400 microns or not greater than 350 microns or not greater than 300 microns or not greater than 250 microns or not greater than 200 microns or not greater than 180 microns or not greater than 160 microns or not greater than 150 microns or not greater than 140 microns or not greater than 130 microns or not greater than 120 microns or not greater than 110 microns or not greater than 105 microns. It will be appreciated that the concavity depth 683 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above such as between at least 10 microns and not greater than 400 microns or at least 50 microns and not greater than 110 microns. It will also be appreciated that the first side section 658 and the second side section 659 can form a concavity depth having any of the values as described above with respect to the concavity depth 683. It will also be appreciated that the third side section 670 and the fourth side section 671 can form a concavity depth having any of the values as described above with respect to the concavity depth 683.

[0078] The first side section 658 can extend for a significant portion of the length of the first side surface 654. For example, the first side section 658 can extend for at least about 20%, such as at least about 25%, or at least about 30%, or at least about 35%, or even at least about 40% of a total length of the first side surface 654. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the first side section 658 can have a length (Is 1) between the midpoint 651 and the first tip 606 of not greater than about 80%, such as not greater than about 75%, not greater than about 70%, or even not greater than about 5% of the total length of the side surface 654. It will be appreciated that the length of the first side section 658 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above.

[0079] The second side section 659 can extend for a significant portion of the length of the first side surface 654. For example, the second side section 659 can extend for at least about 20%, such as at least about 25%, or at least about 30%, or at least about 35%, or even at least about 40% of a total length of the first side surface 654. Still, in one non-limiting embodiment, the second side section 659 can have a length (ls2) between the midpoint 651 and the third tip 608 of not greater than about 80%, such as not greater than about 75%, not greater than about 70%, or even not greater than about 5% of the total length of the side surface 654 as a straight line between the first tip 606 and the third tip 608. It will be appreciated that the length of the second side section 659 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above.

[0080] The body 601 can include a first average side surface angle 631 between the side surfaces 654, 655, and 656 and the upper surface or first major surface 610. The body can also include a second side surface angle 632 between the side surfaces 654, 655, and 656 and the second major surface or base surface 612.

[0081] In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may include a particular first side surface angle that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive particles. In an embodiment, the first side surface angle can be at least 45 degrees or at least 50 degrees or at least 55 degrees or at least 60 degrees or at least 65 degrees or at least 70 degrees. In still another embodiment, the first side surface angle can be not greater than 95 degrees or not greater than 90 degrees or not greater than 85 degrees or not greater than 80 degrees. It will be appreciated that the first side surface angle can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above such as within a range of at least 45 degrees and not greater than 95 degrees or within a range of at least 50 degrees and not greater than 90 degrees or within a range of at least 55 degrees and not greater than 85 degrees.

[0082] In an embodiment, the abrasive particles may include a particular second side surface angle that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive particles. In an embodiment, the second side surface angle can be at least 45 degrees or at least 50 degrees or at least 55 degrees or at least 60 degrees or at least 65 degrees or at least 70 degrees. In still another embodiment, the second side surface angle can be not greater than 95 degrees or not greater than 90 degrees or not greater than 85 degrees or not greater than 80 degrees. It will be appreciated that the second side surface angle can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum percentages noted above such as within a range of at least 45 degrees and not greater than 95 degrees or within a range of at least 50 degrees and not greater than 90 degrees or within a range of at least 55 degrees and not greater than 85 degrees.

[0083] While the foregoing body 601 of the 3-PT star has been shown to have an upper surface 610 having a two-dimensional shape, as viewed in the plane of the length and width of the body, that is substantially the same as the two-dimensional shape of the base surface or second major surface 611 of the body 601, other shapes are contemplated. For example, in one embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the body at the base surface can define a base surface shape from the group consisting of a 3-PT star, a 4-PT star, a cross-shape, a polygon, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet characters, Latin alphabet characters, Russian alphabet characters, complex shapes having a combination of polygonal shapes, and a combination thereof. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the body may comprise a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane of a length and width of the body having an odd number of exterior points. For example, the body may comprise at least 3 exterior points, or at least 5 exterior points, or at least 7 exterior points. Moreover, the cross-sectional shape of the body at the upper surface can define an upper surface shape, which can be different than the base surface shape and selected from the group of a 3-PT star, a 4-PT star, a cross-shape, a polygon, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet characters, Latin alphabet characters, Russian alphabet characters, complex shapes having a combination of polygonal shapes, and a combination thereof.

[0084] In particular instances, the upper surface shape can have an arcuate form of the base surface shape. For example, the upper surface shape can define an arcuate 3-PT two- dimensional shape, wherein the arcuate 3-PT two-dimensional shape defines arms having rounded ends. In particular, the arms as defined at the base surface can have a smaller radius of curvature at the tip as compared to the radius of curvature of the corresponding tip at the upper surface.

[0085] As described in other embodiments herein, it will be appreciated that at least one of the arms of the body 601 may be formed to have a twist, such that the arm twists around a central axis. For example, the first arm 603 may twist around the axis 660. Moreover, the body 601 can be formed such that at least one arm extends in an arcuate path from the central region.

[0086] In an embodiment, the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may define a first group of abrasive particles. In an embodiment, the first group of abrasive particles may include at least two different types of shaped abrasive particles, wherein the two different types of shaped abrasive particles are different from each other based on at least one characteristic selected from the group of particle size, two-dimensional shape, three-dimensional shape, composition, hardness, toughness, friability, density, grain size, agglomeration state, lateral position, longitudinal position, rotational orientation, or any combination thereof.

[0087] In an embodiment, the abrasive article may include a second group of abrasive particles different than the first group of abrasive particles. The second group of abrasive particles can be different from the first group of abrasive particles based on at least one characteristic selected from the group of particle size, two-dimensional shape, three- dimensional shape, composition, hardness, toughness, friability, density, grain size, agglomeration state, lateral position, longitudinal position, rotational orientation, or any combination thereof. In a further embodiment, the second group of abrasive particles comprises diluent abrasive particles. In another embodiment, the second group of particles can include randomly shaped or non- shaped abrasive particles.

[0088] In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a certain percentage of cracked abrasive particles that may facilitate improved performance or manufacturing of the abrasive article. As defined herein, cracks in the plurality of shaped abrasive particles include cracks visible with a magnification such that the width of the particle is equal to 50% to 95% of the field of view. In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles having at least 3 interior corners where not greater than 50% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles have a crack at an interior comer on the first major surface or not greater than 45% or not greater than 40% or not greater than 35% or not greater than 30% or not greater than 25% or not greater than 20% or not greater than 18% or not greater than 16% or not greater than 14% or not greater than 12% or not greater than 10% or not greater than 9% or not greater than 8% or not greater than 7% or not greater than 6% or not greater than 5% or not greater than 4% or not greater than 3% or not greater than 2% or not greater than 1%. In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles having at least 3 interior corners where not greater than 50% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles have a crack at an interior comer on the first major surface or not greater than 45% or not greater than 40% or not greater than 35% or not greater than 30% or not greater than 25% or not greater than 20% or not greater than 18% or not greater than 16% or not greater than 14% or not greater than 12% or not greater than 10% or not greater than 9% or not greater than 8% or not greater than 7% or not greater than 6% or not greater than 5% or not greater than 4% or not greater than 3% or not greater than 2% or not greater than 1%. In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a body having at least 3 interior comers, and wherein at least 0.01% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles have a crack at an interior corner on the first major surface or at least 0.5% or at least 1% or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 8% or at least 10%. In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a body having at least 3 interior comers, and wherein at least 0.01% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles have a crack at an interior corner on the second major surface or at least 0.5% or at least 1% or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 8% or at least 10%. It will be appreciated that the percentage of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a crack at an interior corner may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to at least 0.5% and not greater than 50% or at least 5% and not greater than 30%.

[0089] In an embodiment, the abrasive article may include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles of a particular material that may facilitate improved manufacturing or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive article may include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles including a ceramic material. In an embodiment, the abrasive article may include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles including at least one of a nitride, oxide, carbide, boride, oxynitride, oxyboride, diamond, carbon-containing material, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the abrasive article may include a plurality of shaped abrasive particles including an oxide compound or complex, such as aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, chromium oxide, strontium oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, rare-earth oxides, or any combination thereof.

[0090] In an embodiment, the plurality of shaped abrasive particles can include a particular percentage of alumina that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the shaped abrasives particles can include at least 80 wt.% alumina or at least 90 wt.% alumina or at least 91 wt.% alumina or at least 92 wt.% alumina or at least 93 wt.% alumina or at least 94 wt.% alumina or at least 95 wt.% alumina or at least 96 wt.% alumina or at least 97 wt.% alumina. In an embodiment, the shaped abrasive particles can include not greater than 99.5 wt.% alumina or not greater than 99 wt.% alumina or not greater than 98.5 wt.% alumina or not greater than 97.5 wt.% alumina or not greater than 97 wt.% alumina not greater than 96 wt.% alumina or not greater than 94 wt.% alumina. It will be appreciated that the percentage of alumina in the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 80 wt.% and no greater than 99 wt.% or at least 93 wt.% and no greater than 97 wt.%.

[0091] In an embodiment, each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles can have a particular density that may facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles can have a density of at least 95% theoretical density.

[0092] In an embodiment, each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may have a particular grain size that may facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive particles. In an embodiment, each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may have an average grain (crystallite) size of not greater than 1 micron or not greater than 0.8 microns or not greater than 0.6 microns or not greater than 0.4 microns or not greater than 0.2 microns as measured according to the uncorrected intercept method. In an embodiment, each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may have an average grain (crystallite) size of at least 0.01 microns or at least 0.05 microns. It will be appreciated that the grain size of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 0.01 microns and no greater than 1 micron or at least 0.05 microns and no greater than 0.8 microns.

[0093] In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a particular areal density of shaped abrasive particles that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the areal density of the plurality of shaped abrasive particle per square centimeter of the abrasive article may be not greater than 250 particles / cm2or not greater than 240 particles / cm2or not greater than 230 particles / cm2or not greater than 220 particles / cm2or not greater than 210 particles / cm2or not greater than 200 particles / cm2or not greater than 190 or not greater than 180 particles / cm2particles / cm2or not greater than 170 particles / cm2or not greater than 160 particles / cm2or not greater than 150 particles / cm2or not greater than 140 particles / cm2or not greater than 130 particles / cm2or not greater than 120 particles / cm2or not greater than 110 particles / cm2or not greater than 100 particles / cm2or not greater than 95 particles / cm2or not greater than 90 particles / cm2or not greater than 85 particles / cm2or not greater than 80 particles / cm2or not greater than 75 particles / cm2or not greater than 70 particles / cm2or not greater than 65 particles / cm2or not greater than 60 particles / cm2or not greater than 55 particles / cm2or not greater than 50 particles / cm2. In an embodiment, the areal density of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles per square centimeter of the abrasive article is at least 30 particles / cm2or at least 32 particles / cm2or at least 35 particles / cm2or at least 37 particles / cm2at least 40 particles / cm2or at least 42 particles / cm2or at least 45 particles / cm2or at least 47 particles / cm2or at least 50 particles / cm2. It will be appreciated that the areal density of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 30 particles / cm2and no greater than 250 particles / cm2or at least 40 particles / cm2and no greater than 85 particles / cm2.

[0094] In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a particular density of well oriented abrasive particles that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the density of well oriented abrasive particle per square centimeter of the abrasive article may be at least 5 grains / cm2or at least 10 grains / cm2or at least 15 grains / cm2or at least 20 grains / cm2or at least 25 grains / cm2or at least 30 grains / cm2or at least 35 grains / cm2or at least 40 grains / cm2at least 42 grains / cm2or at least 43 grains / cm2or at least 44 grains / cm2or at least 45 grains / cm2or at least 46 grains / cm2or at least 47 grains / cm2or at least 48 grains / cm2or at least 49 grains / cm2or at least 50 grains / cm2or at least 51 grains / cm2or at least 52 grains / cm2or at least 53 grains / cm2or at least 54 grains / cm2. In an embodiment, the density of well oriented abrasive particles per square centimeter of the abrasive can be not greater than 100 grains / cm2or not greater than 95 grains / cm2or not greater than 90 grains / cm2or not greater than 85 grains / cm2or not greater than 80 grains / cm2or not greater than 75 grains / cm2or not greater than 70 grains / cm2or not greater than 65 grains / cm2or not greater than 60 grains / cm2. It will be appreciated that the density of well oriented abrasive particles may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 42 particles / cm2and not greater than 60 particles / cm2or at least 49 particles / cm2and not greater than 70 particles / cm2.

[0095] In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include a particular weight of make coat that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In an embodiment, the abrasive article can include at least 1 Ibs. / rm or at least 2 Ibs. / rm or at least 3 Ibs. / rm or at least 4 Ibs. / rm or at least 5 Ibs. / rm or at least 6 Ibs. / rm or at least 7 Ibs. / rm or at least 8 Ibs. / rm or at least 9 Ibs. / rm or at least 10 Ibs. / rm or at least 11 Ibs. / rm or at least 12 Ibs. / rm or at least 13 Ibs. / rm or at least 14 Ibs. / rm or at least 15 Ibs. / rm or at least 16 Ibs. / rm. In another embodiment, the abrasive article can include not greater than 20 Ibs. / rm or not greater than 19.5 Ibs. / rm or not greater than 19 Ibs. / rm or not greater than 18.5 Ibs. / rm or not greater than 18 Ibs. / rm or not greater than 17.5 Ibs. / rm or not greater than 17 Ibs. / rm. It will be appreciated that the weight of make coat can be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, at least 9 Ibs. / rm and not greater than 20 Ibs. / rm or at least 12 Ibs. / rm and not greater than 18.51bs / rm.

[0096] In an embodiment, the coated abrasive article can include an abrasive surface including the abrasive particles. In an embodiment, a certain percentage of total surface area of the abrasive surface can include the plurality of shaped abrasive particles. In an embodiment, not greater than 90% of a total surface area of the abrasive surface comprises the plurality of shaped abrasive particles or not greater than 80% or not greater than 70% or not greater than 60% or not greater than 50% or not greater than 40% or not greater than 30% or not greater than 20%. In an embodiment, at least 1% of the total surface area of the abrasive surface comprises the plurality of shaped abrasive particles or at least 5% or at least 8% or at least 10% or at least 15% or at least 20% or at least 25% or at least 30% or at least 35% or at least 40% or at least 45% or at least 50%. It will be appreciated that the percentage of total surface area of the abrasive surface including the plurality of shaped abrasive particles may be between any of the minimum and maximum values noted above, including, for example, but not limited to, at least 5% and no greater than 50% or at least 15% and no greater than 80%.

[0097] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of those aspects and embodiments are described herein. After reading this specification, skilled artisans will appreciate that those aspects and embodiments are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Embodiments may be in accordance with any one or more of the embodiments as listed below.

[0098] EMBODIMENTS

[0099] Embodiment 1. A coated abrasive article comprising: a backing; an adhesive layer disposed on at least a portion of the backing; a plurality of shaped abrasive particles disposed on the backing, wherein each of the shaped abrasive particles includes a body comprising a length (L), a width (W), and a thickness (T), wherein W>T and L>T; wherein each body of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise a thickness to length (T:L) ratio of at least 0.175 and not greater than 0.5; and wherein at least 60% of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles are in a standing orientation.

[0100] Embodiment 2. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein each body of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise a thickness to length (T:L) ratio of at least 0.180 or at least 0.185 or at least 0.19 or at least 0.195 or at least 0.2 or at least 0.21 or at least 0.22 or at least 0.23 or at least 0.24 or at least 0.25.

[0101] Embodiment 3. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein each body of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise a thickness to length (T:L) ratio of not greater than 0.49 or not greater than 0.48 or not greater than 0.47 or not greater than 0.46 or not greater than 0.45 or not greater than 0.44 or not greater than 0.43 or not greater than 0.42 or not greater than 0.41 or not greater than 0.40 or not greater than 0.39 or not greater than 0.38 or not greater than 0.37 or not greater than 0.36 or not greater than 0.35 or not greater than 0.34 or not greater than 0.33 or not greater than 0.32 or not greater than 0.31 or not greater than 0.30 or not greater than 0.29 or not greater than 0.28 or not greater than 0.27 or not greater than 0.26 or not greater than 0.25.

[0102] Embodiment 4. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein the coated abrasive article comprises an areal density (particles / cm2) of at least 30 particles / cm2or at least 32 particles / cm2or at least 35 particles / cm2or at least 37 particles / cm2at least 40 particles / cm2or at least 42 particles / cm2or at least 45 particles / cm2or at least 47 particles / cm2or at least 50 particles / cm2.

[0103] Embodiment 5. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein the coated abrasive article comprises an areal density (particles / cm2) of not greater than 250 particles / cm2or not greater than 240 particles / cm2or not greater than 230 particles / cm2or not greater than 220 particles / cm2or not greater than 210 particles / cm2or not greater than 200 particles / cm2or not greater than 190 or not greater than 180 particles / cm2particles / cm2or not greater than 170 particles / cm2or not greater than 160 particles / cm2or not greater than 150 particles / cm2or not greater than 140 particles / cm2or not greater than 130 particles / cm2or not greater than 120 particles / cm2or not greater than 110 particles / cm2or not greater than 100 particles / cm2or not greater than 95 particles / cm2or not greater than 90 particles / cm2or not greater than 85 particles / cm2.

[0104] Embodiment 6. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a first major surface, a second major surface, and a side surface extending between the first major surface and the second major surface, and wherein the body further comprises a side surface angle defined as the angle between the side surface and the first major surface, wherein the side surface angle is at least 45 degrees and not greater than 100 degrees.

[0105] Embodiment 7. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a 3- pointed star two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane of a length and width of the body.

[0106] Embodiment 8. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 7, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises at least 3 exterior comers, wherein the sum of the angles of the exterior corners is less than 180 degrees.

[0107] Embodiment 9. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 7, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises at least 3 exterior comers and at least 3 interior comers, wherein each of the interior corners have an interior corner angle value greater than any of the exterior comer values of any of the at least 3 exterior corners.

[0108] Embodiment 10. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 7, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a first arm, a second arm, and a third arm extending from a central portion.

[0109] Embodiment 11. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 10, wherein each of the first arm, second arm and third arm comprise a midpoint width that is less than a central portion width.

[0110] Embodiment 12. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 11, wherein the first arm comprises a tip width at the tip of the first arm that is less than the midpoint width of the first arm.

[0111] Embodiment 13. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 10, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a first side surface extending between the first arm and the third arm of the body.

[0112] Embodiment 14. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 10, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a second side surface extending between the first arm and the second arm of the body.

[0113] Embodiment 15. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 10, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a third side surface extending between the second arm and the third arm of the body. Embodiment 16. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a first side surface comprising a concave contour extending inward and towards a central portion of the body.

[0114] Embodiment 17. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 16, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a second side surface comprising a concave contour extending inward and towards the central portion of the body.

[0115] Embodiment 18. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 17, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a third side surface comprising a concave contour extending inward and towards the central portion of the body.

[0116] Embodiment 19. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 13, wherein the first side surface comprises a first linear section and a second linear section.

[0117] Embodiment 20. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 14, wherein the second side surface comprises a first linear section and a second linear section.

[0118] Embodiment 21. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 15, wherein the third side surface comprises a first linear section and a second linear section.

[0119] Embodiment 22. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 19, wherein the first linear section extends between a first midpoint and a first tip and wherein the second linear section extends between the first midpoint and a third tip.

[0120] Embodiment 23. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 19, wherein the first linear section and the second linear section define a first interior angle, wherein the first interior angle is obtuse.

[0121] Embodiment 24. The coated abrasive article of Embodiment 19, wherein the first linear section and the second linear section form a concavity having a concavity depth of at least 1 micron and not greater than 1000 microns.

[0122] Embodiment 25. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a two- dimensional shape as viewed in a plane of a length and width of the body having an odd number of exterior points.

[0123] Embodiment 26. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 25, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises at least 3 exterior points, or at least 5 exterior points, or at least 7 exterior points. Embodiment 27. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 25, wherein at least one exterior point of each body of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles is pointed away from the backing.

[0124] Embodiment 28. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a standing orientation, wherein the standing portion includes at least 62% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles or at least 65% or at least 67% or at least 70% or at least 72% or at least 75% or at least 77% or at least 80% or at least 82% or at least 85% or at least 87% or at least 90% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.

[0125] Embodiment 29. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 28, wherein the standing portion is not greater than 99.9% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles or not greater than 99% or not greater than 98% or not greater than 97% or not greater than 96% or not greater than 95% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.

[0126] Embodiment 30. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Pst) having a standing orientation and a slanted portion (Psi) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a slanted orientation, and further comprising a ratio of the standing portion relative to the slanted portion (PSt / Psl) of at least 1 or at least 2 or at least 3 or at least 4 or at least 5 or at least 6 or at least 7 or at least 8 or at least 9.0 or at least 10.0 or at least 11 or at least 12 or at least 13 or at least 14 or at least 15 or at least 16 or at least 17 or at least 18 or at least 19 or at least 20 or at least 25 or at least 30 or at least 35 or at least 40 or at least 45 or at least 50 or at least 55 or at least 60 or at least 65 or at least 70 or at least 75 or at least 80 or at least 85.

[0127] Embodiment 31. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 30, wherein the ratio of the standing portion relative to the slanted portion (PSt / Psl) is not greater than 100 or not greater than 99 or not greater than 98 or not greater than 97 or not greater than 96 or not greater than 95 or not greater than 94 or not greater than 93 or not greater than 92 or not greater than 91 or not greater than 90.

[0128] Embodiment 32. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, further comprising a slanted portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles have a slanted orientation, wherein the slanted portion includes at least 1% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles or at least 2% or at least 3% or at least 4% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.

[0129] Embodiment 33. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 32, wherein the slanted portion is not greater than 90% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles or not greater than 85% or not greater than 80% or not greater than 75% or not greater than 70% or not greater than 65% or not greater than 60% or not greater than 55% or not greater than 50% or not greater than 45% or not greater than 40% or not greater than 35% or not greater than 30% or not greater than 25% or not greater than 20% or not greater than 18% or not greater than 15% or not greater than 12% or not greater than 10% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.

[0130] Embodiment 34. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Pst) having a standing orientation and a fallen portion (Pf) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a fallen orientation, and further comprising a ratio of the standing portion relative to the fallen portion (PSt / Pf) of at least 2.0 or at least 2.2 or at least 2.4 or at least 2.6 or at least 2.8 or at least 3.0 or at least 3.2 or at least or at least 3.4 or at least 3.6 or at least 3.8 or at least 4.0 or at least 4.2 or at least 4.4 or at least 4.6 or at least 4.8 or at least 5.0 or at least 5.2 or at least 5.4 or at least 5.6 or at least 5.8 or at least 6.0 or at least 6.2 or at least 6.4 or at least 6.6 or at least 6.8 or at least 7.0 or at least 7.2 or at least 7.4 or at least 7.6 or at least 7.8 or at least 8.0 or at least 8.2 or at least 8.4 or at least 8.5.

[0131] Embodiment 35. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 34, wherein the ratio of the standing portion relative to the fallen portion (PSt / Pf) is not greater than 500 or not greater than 200 or not greater than 100 or not greater than 90 or not greater than 80 or not greater than 70 or not greater than or not greater than 60 or not greater than 50 or not greater than 40 or not greater than 30 or not greater than 20.

[0132] Embodiment 36. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, further comprising a fallen portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a fallen orientation, wherein the fallen portion includes at least 0.1% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles or at least 0.2% or at least 0.4% or at least 0.6% or at least 0.8% or at least 1% or at least 1.5% or at least 2% or at least 2.5% or at least 3% or at least 3.5% or at least 4% or at least 4.5% or at least 5% or at least 6% or at least 7% or at least 8% or at least 9% or at least 10% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.

[0133] Embodiment 37. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the fallen portion is not greater than 20% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles or not greater than 18% or not greater than 15% or not greater than 14% or not greater than 13% or not greater than 12% or not greater than 11% or not greater than 10% or not greater than 9% or not greater than 8% or not greater than 7% or not greater than 6% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles. Embodiment 38. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Pst) having a standing orientation and a slanted portion (Psi) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a slanted orientation, and further comprising a well-oriented percentage represented by the sum of the standing portion (%) plus the slanted portion (%) relative to all of the shaped abrasive particles (i.e., 100%), wherein the well-oriented percentage is at least 60% or at least 62% or at least 65% or at least 67% or at least 70% or at least 72% or at least 75% or at least 77% or at least 80% or at least 82% or at least 85% or at least 87% or at least 90% or at least 92% or at least 95%.

[0134] Embodiment 39. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 38, wherein the well-oriented percentage is not greater than 99.9% or not greater than 99% or not greater than 98% or not greater than 97% or not greater than 96% or not greater than 95%.

[0135] Embodiment 40. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, further comprising a slanted portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Psi) having a slanted orientation and a fallen portion (Pf) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a fallen orientation, and further comprising a ratio of the slanted portion relative to the fallen portion (PSl / Pf) of at least 0.01 or at least 0.1 or at least 0.2 or at least 0.3 or at least 0.4 or at least 0.5 or at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 or at least 0.8 or at least 0.9 or at least 1 or at least 1.2 or at least 1.4 or at least 1.6 or at least 1.8 or at least 2.0 or at least 2.2 or at least 2.4 or at least 2.6 or at least 2.8 or at least 3.0.

[0136] Embodiment 41. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 40, wherein the ratio of the slanted portion relative to the fallen portion (PSl / Pf) is not greater than 100 or not greater than 95 or not greater than 90 or not greater than 80 or not greater than 70 or not greater than 60 or not greater than 50 or not greater than 40 or not greater than 30 or not greater than 20 or not greater than 10 or not greater than 8 or not greater than 6.

[0137] Embodiment 42. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise a random rotational orientation.

[0138] Embodiment 43. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 42, wherein a portion includes at least 10% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles or at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% or essentially all of the shaped abrasive particles have a random rotational orientation.

[0139] Embodiment 44. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise a ceramic material. Embodiment 45. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 44, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise at least one of a nitride, oxide, carbide, boride, oxynitride, oxyboride, diamond, carbon-containing material, or any combination thereof.

[0140] Embodiment 46. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 44, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise an oxide compound or complex, such as aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, chromium oxide, strontium oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, rare-earth oxides, or any combination thereof.

[0141] Embodiment 47. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 44, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises at least 80 wt.% alumina or at least 90 wt.% alumina or at least 91 wt.% alumina or at least 92 wt.% alumina or at least 93 wt.% alumina or at least 94 wt.% alumina or at least 95 wt.% alumina or at least 96 wt.% alumina or at least 97 wt.% alumina.

[0142] Embodiment 48. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 44, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises not greater than 99.5 wt.% alumina or not greater than 99 wt.% alumina or not greater than 98.5 wt.% alumina or not greater than 97.5 wt.% alumina or not greater than 97 wt. % alumina not greater than 96 wt.% alumina or not greater than 94 wt.% alumina.

[0143] Embodiment 49. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles have an average density of at least 95% theoretical density.

[0144] Embodiment 50. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises an average grain (crystallite) size of not greater than 1 micron or not greater than 0.8 microns or not greater than 0.6 microns or not greater than 0.4 microns or not greater than 0.2 microns as measured according to the uncorrected intercept method.

[0145] Embodiment 51. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises an average grain (crystallite) size of at least 0.01 microns or at least 0.05 microns.

[0146] Embodiment 52. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles disposed on the backing form an abrasive layer comprising a single layer of shaped abrasive particles adhered to a major surface of the backing by one or more adhesive layers.

[0147] Embodiment 53. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a thickness-to- width (T:W) ratio of at least 0.175 and not greater than 0.5. Embodiment 54. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 53, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a thickness-to- width (T:W) ratio of at least 0.180 or at least 0.185 or at least 0.19 or at least 0.195 or at least 0.2 or at least 0.21 or at least 0.22 or at least 0.23 or at least 0.24 or at least 0.25.

[0148] Embodiment 55. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 53, wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a thickness-to- width (T:W) ratio of not greater than 0.49 or not greater than 0.48 or not greater than 0.47 or not greater than 0.46 or not greater than 0.45 or not greater than 0.44 or not greater than 0.43 or not greater than 0.42 or not greater than 0.41 or not greater than 0.40 or not greater than 0.39 or not greater than 0.38 or not greater than 0.37 or not greater than 0.36 or not greater than 0.35 or not greater than 0.34 or not greater than 0.33 or not greater than 0.32 or not greater than 0.31 or not greater than 0.30 or not greater than 0.29 or not greater than 0.28 or not greater than 0.27 or not greater than 0.26 or not greater than 0.25.

[0149] Embodiment 56. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a make coat comprising an average thickness at the sides of the abrasive particles, Tg, of at least 50 microns or at least 60 microns or at least 70 microns or at least 80 microns or at least 90 microns or at least 100 microns or at least 110 microns or at least 120 microns or at least 130 microns or at least 140 microns or at least 150 microns.

[0150] Embodiment 57. The coated abrasive of Embodiment 1, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a make coat comprising an average thickness at the sides of the abrasive particles, Tg, of not greater than 1 mm or not greater than 800 microns or not greater than 700 microns or not greater than 600 microns or not greater than 500 microns or not greater than 400 microns or not greater than 300 microns. EXAMPLES

[0151] All backings for all Samples 1 to 4 of Example 1 were saturated with an add-on weight of 20.41bs. / rm of the following composition: o PF Resin: 59.13% o Defoamer: 0.3% o Wetting Agent: 0.66% o Solmod Tamol 165A: 2.01% o Wollastonite: 19.71% o Red Dye: 0.21% o Water: 17.98%

[0152] The saturated backings were then backfilled with a wet add-on weight of 7.1 Ibs. / rm of the following composition: o Latex: 63.85% o Cab-o-sil: 0.98% o Defoamer: 0.44% o Wetting Agent: 0.24% o Calcium Carbonate: 31.93% o Dye (black): 2.56%

[0153] EXAMPLE 1

[0154] Four coated abrasive samples, Sample 1, Sample 2, Sample 3, and Sample 4 were formed with the backing as described above. A make coat having the composition as described in Table 1 was applied to the backing via two roll coating.

[0155] Table 1

[0156] The make coat thickness was controlled by nip gap to achieve the desired add on weight. All samples had the same make coat weight. Shaped abrasive particles were then applied to the wet make and the backing via electrostatic coating to achieve the desired add on weight of 351b / rm. The shaped abrasive particles for Examples 1, 2 and 3 were 36 grit 3- PT star-shaped abrasive particles. The shaped abrasive particles for Example 4 were 36 grit triangular shaped abrasive particles. The shaped abrasive particles of Sample 1 had a thickness: length ratio of about 0.178, the shaped abrasive particles of Sample 2 had a thickness: length ratio of about 0.20, the shaped abrasive particles of Sample 3 had a thickness: length ratio of about 0.23, and the shaped abrasive particles of Sample 4 had a thickness: length ratio of about 0.22. The backing, make, and grains were then cured in an oven for 20 minutes at 170 °F , then 20 minutes at 190 °F , then 20 minutes at 210 °F and then 20 minutes at 235 °F. Size and supersize coats were applied and cured in the same manner as the make coat according to the specifications in Table 2. Table 2

[0157] The orientation of the particles in Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were measured according to the following procedure. Images of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were taken using a z-stacking microscope. An exemplary image for the measuring procedure used can be found in FIG. 7A. The image of the sample includes a visible make coat 701 and abrasive grains, e.g., 702, 703, 704, 705. ImageJ software was used to threshold and identify the grains, e.g., 702, 703, 704, 705 When necessary, overlapping grains were segmented manually. An exemplary image of the abrasive edited to identify the grains can be found in FIG. 7B. Grains were color-coded and counted by orientation based on the criteria below in Table 3. An exemplary image with color-coded grains in grayscale can be found in FIG. 7C. Particle 702 is in a standing orientation; particle 703 is in a slanted orientation; particle 704 is in a fallen orientation; and particle 705 is in an inverted orientation. An exemplary image for measuring orientation of the grains can include, for example, a 1.6 cm2surface area of each sample. Grain orientation data can be found below in Table 4 for Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4. Table 3

[0158] Table 4

[0159] As can be seen in Table 4, Samples 3 and 4 had a larger percentage of particles in desirable orientations as compared to Samples 1 and 2. Samples 3 and 4, which included shaped abrasive particles having a larger Thickness: Length ratio, included a significantly larger number of standing particles as compared to Samples 1 and 2.

[0160] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature of any or all the claims.

[0161] The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that use the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Further, reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value within that range. Many other embodiments may be apparent to skilled artisans only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used and derived from the disclosure, such that a structural substitution, logical substitution, or another change may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 12 June 2025 (12.06.2025)Claims

1. 1. A coated abrasive article comprising: a backing; an adhesive layer disposed on at least a portion of the backing; a plurality of shaped abrasive particles disposed on the backing, wherein each of the shaped abrasive particles includes a body comprising a length (L), a width (W), and a thickness (T), wherein W>T and L>T; wherein each body of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise a thickness to length (T:L) ratio of at least 0.175 and not greater than 0.5; and wherein at least 60% of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles are in a standing orientation.

2. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a 3-pointed star two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane of a length and width of the body.

3. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , wherein the body of each shaped abrasive particle of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane of a length and width of the body.

4. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a standing orientation, wherein the standing portion includes at least 62% and not greater than 99.9% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.

5. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Pst) having a standing orientation and a slanted portion (Psi) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a slanted orientation, and further comprising a ratio of the standing portion relative to the slanted portion (PSt / PsI) of at least 1 and not greater than 100.

6. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising a slanted portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles have a slanted orientation, wherein the slanted portionincludes at least 1 % and not greater than 90% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.

7. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Pst) having a standing orientation and a fallen portion (Pf) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a fallen orientation, and further comprising a ratio of the standing portion relative to the fallen portion (PSt / Pf) of at least 2.0 and not greater than 500.

8. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising a fallen portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a fallen orientation, wherein the fallen portion includes at least 0.1 % and not greater than 20% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles

9. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising a standing portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Pst) having a standing orientation and a slanted portion (Psi) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a slanted orientation, and further comprising a well-oriented percentage represented by the sum of the standing portion (%) plus the slanted portion (%) relative to all of the shaped abrasive particles (i.e., 100%), wherein the well-oriented percentage is at least 60% or at least 62% or at least 65% or at least 67% or at least 70% or at least 72% or at least 75% or at least 77% or at least 80% or at least 82% or at least 85% or at least 87% or at least 90% or at least 92% or at least 95%.

10. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising a slanted portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles (Psi) having a slanted orientation and a fallen portion (Pf) of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles having a fallen orientation, and further comprising a ratio of the slanted portion relative to the fallen portion (PSI / Pf) of at least 0.01 and not greater than 100.

11. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , further comprising an inverted portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles have an inverted orientation, wherein the inverted portion includes at least 0.1 % and not greater than 20% of the total number of the shaped abrasive particles.46AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)

12. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise a random rotational orientation.

13. The coated abrasive article of claim 12, wherein a portion includes at least 10% of the total number of shaped abrasive particles or essentially all of the shaped abrasive particles have a random rotational orientation.

14. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprise at least one of a nitride, oxide, carbide, boride, oxynitride, oxyboride, diamond, carbon- containing material, or any combination thereof.

15. The coated abrasive article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of shaped abrasive particles comprises at least 80 wt.% alumina or at least 90 wt.% alumina or at least 91 wt.% alumina or at least 92 wt.% alumina or at least 93 wt.% alumina or at least 94 wt.% alumina or at least 95 wt.% alumina or at least 96 wt. % alumina or at least 97 wt.% alumina.

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