Methods and apparatuses for handling communication between a remote UE and a multi-hop relay ue
The method of establishing PC5 connections and dual-connection protocols in wireless communication systems addresses the challenges of multi-hop relay scenarios, improving network connectivity and resource allocation in multi-hop relay scenarios.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/122988
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
The existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing multi-hop relay scenarios, including how remote UEs access a base station through multiple relay UEs, obtaining network information, supporting cross-path topologies, and handling SFN-DFN offset requests efficiently.
The proposed solution involves establishing PC5 connections between UEs to enable multi-hop relay communications, allowing UEs to request and transmit SFN-DFN offsets, and supporting cross-path topologies through dual-connection protocols to optimize network access and load balancing.
This approach enhances network connectivity and efficiency in multi-hop relay scenarios by enabling seamless access to base stations, facilitating network information exchange, and optimizing resource allocation across different relay paths.
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Figure CN2024122988_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR HANDLING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A REMOTE UE AND A MULTI-HOP RELAY UETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to handling communication between a remote user equipment (UE) and a multi-hop relay UE which is involved in a path with multiple relay UEs.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communication system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may support wireless communication for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UE, or other suitable terminology. The wireless communication system may support wireless communication with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) ) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communication system may support wireless communication across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) (which is also known as new radio (NR) ) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ” Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” or a “list” may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a first UE. The first UE may include at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first UE to: access a BS via a second UE, wherein the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; establish a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE; receive, from the third UE, a first message requesting a system frame number (SFN) -direct frame number (DFN) offset; and transmit, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.
[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a third UE. The third UE may include at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third UE to: establish a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first UE accesses a BS via a second UE and the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE; transmit, to the first UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and receive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.
[0006] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a processor. The processor may include at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: access a BS via a second UE, wherein the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; establish a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least a first UE including the processor and the second UE; receive, from the third UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and transmit, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.
[0007] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a processor. The processor may include at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: establish a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first UE accesses a BS via a second UE which accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE; transmit, to the first UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and receive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.
[0008] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes: accessing a BS via a second UE, wherein the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; establishing a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least a first UE and the second UE; receiving, from the third UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and transmitting, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.
[0009] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes: establishing a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first UE accesses a BS via a second UE which accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; accessing the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE;transmitting, to the first UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and receive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.
[0010] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus may include: at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions; at least one receiving circuitry; at least one transmitting circuitry; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, the at least one receiving circuitry and the at least one transmitting circuitry, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium and the computer executable instructions may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] In order to describe the manner in which the advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a description of the disclosure is rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope.
[0012] FIGs. 1 and 2 illustrate schematic diagrams of wireless communication systems in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0013] FIGs. 3A-3D illustrate exemplary topologies in a wireless communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIGs. 4-8 illustrate exemplary procedures for wireless communication between multiple nodes in a wireless communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIGs. 9 and 10 illustrate flowcharts of methods for wireless communication performed by a UE in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0018] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of an NE in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The detailed description of the appended drawings is intended as a description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only form in which the present disclosure may be practiced. It should be understood that the same or equivalent functions may be accomplished by different embodiments that are intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0020] Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. To facilitate understanding, embodiments are provided under a specific network architecture (s) and new service scenarios, such as the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR or 6G, 3GPP LTE, and so on. It is contemplated that along with the developments of network architectures and new service scenarios, all embodiments in the present disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems; and moreover, the terminologies recited in the present disclosure may change, which should not affect the principles of the present disclosure.
[0021] Various issues need to be resolved in the multi-hop indirect path or multi-hop relay scenario. The present disclosure provides solutions to solve the problems in this scenario and facilitate communication in a wireless communication system.
[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of wireless communication system 100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more NEs 102 (e.g., one or more BSs) , one or more UEs 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultra-wideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , and IEEE 802.20. The wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communication system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0024] The one or more NEs 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communication system 100. One or more of the NEs 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN) , a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an NE 102 may include a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs) . An F1 interface may be established between the DU of NE 102 and the CU of NE 102.
[0025] An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0026] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with a different NE 102.
[0027] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communication system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0028] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0029] Two sidelink resource allocation modes may be are supported, namely mode 1 and mode 2. In mode 1, the sidelink resource is scheduled by the BS. In mode 2, a UE decides the sidelink transmission resources and timing in the resource pool based on the measurement result and sensing result.
[0030] A relaying function based on a sidelink may be supported in the wireless communication system 100. For example, a UE 104 supporting sidelink communication may function as a relay node to extend the coverage of an NE 102 (e.g., a BS) . An out-of-coverage or in-coverage UE may access a BS via a relay node (e.g., a relay UE) . In some implementations, a UE, which functions as a relay between another UE (also referred to as a remote UE) and a BS, may be referred to as a UE-to-network (U2N) relay. The remote UE and the BS may establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection (e.g., end-to-end RRC connection) through the relay UE. Either a remote UE or a relay UE can have an RRC state, such as RRC_idle state, RRC_inactive state or RRC_connected state.
[0031] In the case of path switch, a relay UE in an RRC_idle state, RRC_inactive state or RRC_connected state can be selected as a target relay UE. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, to perform relaying of unicast data (e.g., to perform transmission and / or reception of relayed unicast data) , both a relay UE and a remote UE need to be in an RRC_connected state. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a relay UE can be in an RRC_idle state, RRC_inactive state or RRC_connected state as long as the remote UEs (e.g., all the remote UEs) that are connected to the relay UE are either in an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_idle state.
[0032] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a single unicast link may be established between a relay UE and a remote UE. The traffic of the remote UE via the relay UE and the traffic of the relay UE may be separated in different Uu relay radio link control (RLC) channels. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the remote UE can only be configured to use resource allocation mode 2 for data to be relayed.
[0033] An NE 102 may support communication with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with another NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N3 or another network interface) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more NEs 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0034] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NEs 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0035] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0036] In the wireless communication system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communication) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0037] In some embodiments, the NEs 102 may include one or more relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes or wireless access backhaul (WAB) nodes which can provide wireless access services for UEs 104. A relay node (or an IAB node or a WAB node) can directly access (e.g., connect to) a BS or hop through one or more relay nodes (or one or more IAB or WAB nodes) before reaching the BS.
[0038] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communication system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A sixth numerology (e.g., μ =5) may be associated with a sixth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 480 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A seventh numerology (e.g., μ=6) may be associated with a seventh subcarrier spacing (e.g., 960 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. For ambient IoT communication, additional numerologies (e.g., μ=-1 or μ =-2) may be introduced corresponding to 7.5 kHz or 3.75 kHz respectively.
[0039] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0040] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communication system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings (SCSs) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0041] In the wireless communication system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communication system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communication over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communication traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0042] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ =0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ =1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0043] A UE 104 may include computing devices, such as desktop computers, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , tablet computers, smart televisions (e.g., televisions connected to the Internet) , set-top boxes, game consoles, security systems (including security cameras) , vehicle on-board computers, network devices (e.g., routers, switches, and modems) , or the like. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE 104 may include a portable wireless communication device, a smart phone, a cellular telephone, a flip phone, a device having a subscriber identity module, a personal computer, a selective call receiver, or any other device that is capable of sending and receiving communication signals on a wireless network. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE 104 includes wearable devices, such as smart watches, fitness bands, optical head-mounted displays, or the like. Moreover, a UE 104 may be referred to as a subscriber unit, a mobile, a mobile station, a user, a terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a fixed terminal, a subscriber station, a user terminal, or a device, or described using other terminology used in the art. A UE 104 may communicate with an NE 102 (e.g., a BS) via uplink (UL) communication signals. An NE 102 may communicate with a UE 104 via downlink (DL) communication signals.
[0044] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate over licensed spectrums, whereas in some other embodiments, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate over unlicensed spectrums. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementation of any particular wireless communication system architecture or protocol. Persons skilled in the art should understand that as technology develops and advances, the terminologies described in the present disclosure may change, but should not affect or limit the principles and spirit of the present disclosure.
[0045] A remote UE may access a BS via one or more relay UEs. A relay UE can either access (e.g., connect to) a BS directly (also referred to as having a direct path to the BS) or reach the BS by hopping through one or more relay nodes (also referred to as having an indirect path to the BS) . A direct path may mean that there is a Uu interface between the relay UE and the BS. An indirect path may be a type of U2N transmission path, where data is forwarded via a U2N relay UE between a U2N remote UE (or a child relay UE) and the network (e.g., a BS) .
[0046] In the case that a remote UE accesses a BS via more than one relay UE, the more than one relay UE except the one directly accesses the BS can be referred to an intermediate relay UE, the one directly accesses the BS can be referred to a last relay UE, and the one directly connected to the remote UE (i.e., via a PC5 link) can be referred to a first relay UE or parent relay UE. In addition, for convenience, the path to the BS with respect to the remote UE can be referred to as a multi-hop path or multi- hop indirect path, and the relay UE accessing the BS via one or more relay UEs can be referred to as a multi-hop relay or multi-hop relay UE. That is, a multi-hop path or multi-hop indirect path means that a UE (e.g., a remote UE) connecting to this path needs to hop through more than one relay nodes before reaching a BS. A multi-hop relay means that a UE (e.g., a remote UE) connecting to the multi-hop relay needs to hop through more than one relay nodes before reaching a BS.
[0047] For example, referring to the wireless communication system 200 in FIG. 2, UE 204A may access BS 202 via UE 204B and UE 204C, and UE 204D may access BS 202 via UE 204E. In some embodiments, UE 204B, UE 204C and UE 204E may be in coverage and UE 204A and UE 204D may be out of coverage. In some embodiments, UE 204A, UE 204D or both may also be in coverage. For UE 204A, its path to BS 202 may be referred to as a multi-hop path, UE 204B may be referred to as an intermediate relay UE, and UE 204C may be referred to as the last relay UE.
[0048] Various issues need to be resolved in the multi-hop indirect path or multi-hop relay scenario. For example, how to improve the case where all candidate relay UEs for a remote UE are multi-hop relays. For example, how to support cross-path topologies. For example, whether different remote UEs can select different intermediate or last relay UE via the same intermediate relay UE. For example, how does a remote UE obtain network information in the multi-hop indirect path or multi-hop relay scenario? For example, how to support SFN-DFN offset request from a remote UE at a multi-hop relay. Embodiments of the present disclosure propose solutions to solve problems in a multi-hop indirect path or multi-hop relay scenario. More details on the embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the following text in combination with the appended drawings.
[0049] FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary procedure 400 for obtaining network information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 4.
[0050] Referring to FIG. 4, UE 404A accesses a BS (not shown in FIG. 4) via a multi-hop relay. For example, at 411, UE 404A accesses the BS via UE 404B and UE 404C. In some embodiments, UE 404A and UE 404B may connect to each other via a PC5 connection and UE 404B and UE 404C may connect to each other via a PC5 connection. UE 404C may be an intermediate relay UE or the last relay UE. The last relay UE may access the BS via a Uu interface.
[0051] In some embodiments, UE 404A may receive a configuration for measurement. UE 404A may perform measurement on a neighbor relay UE (s) or a neighbor cell (s) . In response to a measurement reporting event being triggered, UE 404A may report the measurement result regarding the neighbor relay UE (s) or neighbor cell (s) .
[0052] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, UE 404A may need the SFN-DFN offset in response to, for example, a request from an upper layer (s) . UE 404A may request UE 404B to provide the SFN-DFN offset. For example, at 413, UE 404A may transmit a message requesting the SFN-DFN offset to UE 404B. The message may be a PC5 RRC message (e.g., a remote UE information sidelink message) . In some examples, UE 404A may transmit the message requesting the SFN-DFN offset when UE 404A is in an RRC idle state or RRC inactive state.
[0053] For example, UE 404B may support the SFN-DFN offset request and can set a corresponding information element (IE) (e.g., "sfn-DFN-OffsetSupported" ) to "true" or "supported. " UE 404A may set a corresponding IE (e.g., "sl-SFN-DFN-OffsetRequested" ) in the PC5 RRC message to "true" to request UE 404B to provide the SFN-DFN offset in, for example, a subsequent PC5 RRC message (e.g., an RRC reconfiguration sidelink message) .
[0054] In response to receiving the message requesting the SFN-DFN offset from UE 404A, UE 404B may transmit the request for the SFN-DFN offset to UE 404C (e.g., the parent relay UE) . For example, in some scenarios, when UE 404B is in an idle state and out of coverage of the BS, UE 404B cannot obtain the SFN-DFN offset information on its own. UE 404B may request UE 404C to provide the SFN-DFN offset. As shown in FIG. 4, at 415, UE 404B may transmit a message requesting the SFN-DFN offset to UE 404C.
[0055] In some embodiments, UE 404C may further transmit the request for an SFN-DFN offset to the next relay UE (if any) if UE 404C itself cannot obtain the information. The next relay UE may receive or obtain the SFN-DFN offset and transmit it to UE 404C. The next relay UE may or may not be the last relay UE. In some embodiments, UE 404C may obtain the SFN-DFN offset itself, for example, via system information.
[0056] At 417, UE 404C may transmit the SFN-DFN offset to UE 404B. At 419, UE 404B may transmit the SFN-DFN offset to UE 404A.
[0057] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 400 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 400 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary procedure 500 for facilitating connection reestablishment in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 5.
[0059] Referring to FIG. 5, UE 504A accesses BS 502 via a multi-hop relay. For example, at 511, UE 504A accesses BS 502 via UE 504B and UE 504C. In some embodiments, UE 504A and UE 504B may connect to each other via a PC5 connection and UE 504B and UE 504C may connect to each other via a PC5 connection. UE 504C may be an intermediate relay UE or the last relay UE. The last relay UE may access BS 502 via a Uu interface.
[0060] In some embodiments, UE 504A may receive a configuration for measurement. UE 504A may perform measurement on a neighbor relay UE (s) or a neighbor cell (s) . In response to a measurement reporting event being triggered, UE 504A may report the measurement result regarding the neighbor relay UE (s) or neighbor cell (s) .
[0061] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, all the candidate relay UEs for UE 504A may access BS 502 via another relay UE. That is, all the candidate relay UEs accessing BS 502 are multi-hop relays and there is no candidate relay UE that has a direct path to BS 502 via a Uu interface. For example, referring back to FIG. 2, a candidate relay for UE 204A may be UE 204D, which is a multi-hop relay.
[0062] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an intra-BS multi-hop indirect path to multi-hop indirect path switch may not be supported by a remote UE. For example, performing a path switch or handover procedure to switch a remote UE 204A from a multi-hop relay node to another multi-hop relay node is not allowed. For example, still referring to FIG. 2, when UE 204A is out of coverage and UE 204D (i.e., the candidate relay UE) does not have a direct path to BS 202, the network is not allowed to trigger UE 204A to switch to UE 204D. This may lead to reestablishment at UE 204A. Various methods may be employed to facilitate the reestablishment.
[0063] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring back to FIG. 5, BS 502 may indicate at least one candidate relay UE to UE 504A at 513. For example, BS 502 may transmit an identity (ID) of each of the at least one candidate relay UE to UE 504A. In some embodiments, each of the at least one candidate relay UE accesses BS 502 via an indirect path.
[0064] In some embodiments, UE 504A may initiate a reestablishment procedure at 517. In response to the initialization of the reestablishment procedure, UE 504A may keep (not release) the at least one candidate relay UE, and may select a candidate relay UE from the at least one candidate relay UE for reestablishment. In some embodiments, UE 504A may select the candidate relay UE from the at least one candidate relay UE if the channel quality or link quality between UE 504A and the selected candidate relay UE is greater than a threshold.
[0065] In some embodiments, if the selected candidate relay UE accesses a different BS (not BS 502) , BS 502 may transmit the UE context of UE 504A to this candidate BS. In some embodiments, the ID of the selected candidate relay UE may be provided to the candidate BS. If the selected candidate relay UE stays at an idle or inactive state, the candidate BS may transit the UE to a connected state.
[0066] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring back to FIG. 5, BS 502 may, at 513, transmit an indication to UE 504A to trigger a reestablishment procedure at UE 504A. In response to receiving the indication, UE 504A may initiate a reestablishment procedure at 517. In some embodiments, BS 502 may also indicate at least one candidate relay UE to UE 504A at 513. For example, BS 502 may transmit an ID of each of the at least one candidate relay UE to UE 504A. In some embodiments, each of the at least one candidate relay UE accesses BS 502 via an indirect path.
[0067] In response to the initialization of the reestablishment procedure, UE 504A may keep (not release) the at least one candidate relay UE, and may select a candidate relay UE from the at least one candidate relay UE for reestablishment. In some embodiments, UE 504A may select the candidate relay UE from the at least one candidate relay UE if the channel quality or link quality between UE 504A and the selected candidate relay UE is greater than a threshold.
[0068] In some embodiments, if the selected candidate relay UE accesses a different BS (not BS 502) , BS 502 may transmit the UE context of UE 504A to this candidate BS. In some embodiments, the ID of the selected candidate relay UE may be provided to the candidate BS. If the selected candidate relay UE stays at an idle or inactive state, the candidate BS may transit the UE to a connected state.
[0069] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, BS 502 may transmit the UE context of UE 504A to a candidate BS (s) based on the measurement report. In some embodiments, the ID (s) of the at least one candidate relay UE for UE 504 may be provided to the candidate BS (s) . If a candidate relay UE stays at an idle or inactive state, the candidate BS may transit the UE to a connected state. In these embodiments, operation 513, operation 517 or both may be omitted.
[0070] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 500 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 500 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0071] Various topologies between remote UEs and relay UEs may be supported in a wireless network. For example, in a topology, each intermediate relay UE may have a single parent relay UE. All remote UEs served by the same first relay UE may have the same indirect path to the BS. An example of this topology is shown in FIG. 3A. Referring to FIG. 3A, in topology 300A, remote UEs 304A and 304B connect to relay UE 304C, which accesses serving cell 302 via one or more relay UEs (e.g., relay UE 304D) . In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 304C and one or more of remote UEs 304A and 304B.
[0072] Cross-path topologies may or may not be supported in a wireless network. Cross-path topologies may refer to the case that different remote UEs access different BSs or different serving cells via at least one common relay node or access the same BS or the same serving cell via different paths including at least one common relay node. For example, different remote UEs may select different last relay UEs via the same intermediate relay UE. FIGs. 3B-3D illustrate exemplary cross-path topologies in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0073] Referring to FIG. 3B, in topology 300B, remote UEs 314A and 314B connect to relay UE 314C. Relay UE 314C may have two or more parent relay UEs, e.g., relay UE 314D and relay UE 314E, which may access the same serving cell (e.g., serving cell 312) . In some embodiments, relay UE 314D or relay UE 314E may or may not be the last relay UE. In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 314C and one or more of remote UEs 314A and 314B. In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 314C and one or more of relay UE 314D and relay UE 314E.
[0074] Referring to FIG. 3C, in topology 300C, remote UEs 324A and 324B connect to relay UE 324C. Relay UE 324C may have two or more parent relay UEs, e.g., relay UE 324D and relay UE 324E, which may access different serving cells of the same BS. For example, relay UE 324D may access serving cell 322A of BS 322 and relay UE 324E may access serving cell 322B of BS 322. In some embodiments, relay UE 324D or relay UE 324E may or may not be the last relay UE. In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 324C and one or more of remote UEs 324A and 324B. In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 324C and one or more of relay UE 324D and relay UE 324E.
[0075] Referring to FIG. 3D, in topology 300D, remote UEs 334A and 334B connect to relay UE 334C. Relay UE 334C may have two or more parent relay UEs, e.g., relay UE 334D and relay UE 334E, which may access different serving cells of different BSs. For example, relay UE 334D may access serving cell 332A, relay UE 334E may access serving cell 332B, and serving cell 332A and serving cell 332B belong to different BSs. In some embodiments, the different BSs may support the same or different public land mobile networks (PLMNs) . For example, relay UE 334C may support different PLMNs. For example, relay UE 334C may support a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) . In some embodiments, relay UE 334D or relay UE 334E may or may not be the last relay UE. In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 334C and one or more of remote UEs 334A and 334B. In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 334C and one or more of relay UE 334D and relay UE 334E.
[0076] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, cross-path topologies may or may not be supported in a wireless network. For example, different UEs (e.g., remote UEs) connecting to the same relay UE to access the network via different parent relay UEs of the relay UE is not allowed. For example, one or more of topology 300B to topology 300D may not be supported.
[0077] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, cross-path topologies may be supported in a wireless network.
[0078] FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary procedure 600 for implementing cross-path topologies in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 6.
[0079] Referring to FIG. 6, UE 604B may access BS 602 via one or more relay UEs. For example, at 611, UE 604B may connect to UE 604C, which may access BS 602 (e.g., cell #A) via a direct or indirect path. UE 604C may or may not be a parent node of UE 604B. UE 604C may or may not be the last relay UE. For example, UE 604B and UE 604C may respectively function as relay UE 314C and relay UE 314D in FIG. 3B.
[0080] In some embodiments, a remote UE (denoted as UE #A1 and not shown in FIG. 6) may connect to UE 604B via a PC5 connection and may access BS 602 (e.g., cell #A) via UE 604B and UE 604C. In some embodiments, UE #A1 and BS 602 may establish an RRC connection (e.g., end-to-end RRC connection) through UE 604B and UE 604C.
[0081] In some embodiments, cross-path topologies may be supported. For example, another remote UE (denoted as UE #A2 and not shown in FIG. 6) may connect to UE 604B via a PC5 connection and may access BS 602 (e.g., cell #A) via UE 604B and UE 604D. That is, UE 604B is allowed to select a different parent relay UE of UE 604B for UE #A2 to access the same serving BS or the same serving cell. UE 604D may or may not be a parent node of UE 604B. UE 604D may or may not be the last relay UE. For example, UE 604D may function as relay UE 314E in FIG. 3B.
[0082] In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 604B and at least one of UE #A1 and UE #A2.
[0083] The above cross-path topologies have advantages in various aspects.
[0084] For example, they may achieve load balance among different relay UEs (e.g., UE 604C and UE 604D) . For example, referring to FIG. 6, at 613 (denoted in a dotted block as an option) , UE 604C may transmit an overload indication to UE 604B. The overload indication may be transmitted via a discovery message or a PC5 RRC message. In response to receiving the indication from a remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) , UE 604B may direct UE #A2 to a path without UE 604C. For example, UE 604B may direct data from UE #A2 to a different parent node. For example, UE #A2 may access the network (e.g., BS 602 or cell #A) via UE 604B and UE 604D.
[0085] Various methods can be used to support cross-path topology. For example, in some embodiments, there may be no end-to-end RRC connection via UE 604D (e.g., the parent node of UE 604B or the last relay UE) . UE 604B may route data from UE #A2 to UE 604D, which may then route the data to BS 602 or cell #A. For example, in some embodiments, a dual-connection like protocol may be employed.
[0086] For example, the following methods can be used to implement cross-path topology.
[0087] At 615, UE 604B may indicate one or more of the following to BS 602 (e.g., cell #A) : (a1) a remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) intends to access a cell via UE 604B; and (a2) a candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 604D) for UE 604B, wherein the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) can access the cell (e.g., cell #A) via the candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 604D) and UE 604B. For information (a2) , one or more candidate relay UEs selected by UE 604B can be indicated. For example, the ID of each of the one or more candidate relay UEs can be indicated.
[0088] At 617, BS 602 (e.g., cell #A) may transmit information to UE 604B for the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) to access the cell (e.g., cell #A) . In some embodiments, the transmitted information may include configuration information related to a data transmission of the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) . In some embodiments, the configuration information may include one or more of: a resource for a PC5 link between UE 604B and at least one candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 604D) for UE 604B, wherein the data transmission of the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) is to be transmitted on the PC5 link; a local ID for the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) ; bearer mapping information associated with the data transmission of the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) ; an ID (s) of the least one candidate relay UE; and a DC configuration for UE 604B. The at least one candidate relay UE in the configuration information selected by BS 602 may or may not be the same as the candidate relay UE (s) selected by UE 604B. In some embodiments, the DC configuration may include master cell group (MCG) information and a secondary cell group (SCG) configuration. The details of the DC configuration, MCG information and SCG configuration can be referred to in 3GPP specifications (e.g., TS37.340) .
[0089] In response to receiving the configuration information, UE 604B can identify a relay UE by the indicated ID (s) . For example, UE 604B can identify UE 604D and may establish a PC5 link with UE 604D using, for example, the indicated resource. UE 604B may route data from the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) to UE 604D, which then may route the data to BS 602 or cell #A. In some embodiments, there may be no end-to-end RRC connection via UE 604D. In some embodiments, a dual-connection like protocol may be employed. For example, from the perspective of UE 604B, the link via UE 604C may be an MCG link and the link via UE 604D may be an SCG link.
[0090] In some embodiments, BS 602 (e.g., cell #A) may also transmit the configuration information related to the data transmission of the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) to the at least one candidate relay UE selected by BS 602. For example, at 619, BS 602 (e.g., cell #A) may transmit configuration information related to the data transmission of the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) to UE 604D. In some embodiments, the transmitted configuration information may include one or more of: the resource for a PC5 link between UE 604B and UE 604D for UE 604B, wherein the data transmission of the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) is to be transmitted on the PC5 link; the local ID for the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) ; and bearer mapping information associated with the data transmission of the remote UE (e.g., UE #A2) .
[0091] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 600 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 600 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0092] FIG. 7 illustrates exemplary procedure 700 for implementing cross-path topologies in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 7.
[0093] Referring to FIG. 7, UE 704B may access BS 702 via one or more relay UEs. For example, at 711, UE 704B may connect to UE 704C which may access BS 702 (e.g., cell #B1) via a direct or indirect path. UE 704C may or may not be a parent node of UE 704B. UE 704C may or may not be the last relay UE. For example, UE 704B and UE 704C may respectively function as relay UE 324C and relay UE 324D in FIG. 3C. For example, UE 704B and UE 704C may respectively function as relay UE 334C and relay UE 334D in FIG. 3D.
[0094] In some embodiments, a remote UE (denoted as UE #B1 and not shown in FIG. 7) may connect to UE 704B via a PC5 connection and may access BS 702 (e.g., cell #B1) via UE 704B and UE 704C. In some embodiments, UE #B1 and BS 702 may establish an RRC connection (e.g., end-to-end RRC connection) through UE 704B and UE 704C.
[0095] In some embodiments, cross-path topologies may be supported. For example, another remote UE (e.g., UE 704A) may connect to UE 704B via a PC5 connection and may access a different cell (e.g., cell #B2) via UE 704B and UE 704D. Cell #B2 may or may not belong to BS 702. That is, UE 704B is allowed to select a different parent relay UE of UE 704B for UE 704A to access a different serving cell or different BS. UE 704D may or may not be a parent node of UE 704B. UE 704D may or may not be the last relay UE. For example, UE 704D may function as relay UE 324E in FIG. 3C or relay UE 334E in FIG. 3D.
[0096] In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 704B and at least one of UE #B1 and UE 704A.
[0097] The above cross-path topologies have advantages in various aspects.
[0098] For example, they may achieve load balance among different cells (e.g., cell #B1 and cell #B2) . For example, the above descriptions with respect to the overload indication may apply here.
[0099] For example, different cells may support different features that may be required by different remote UEs. For example, referring to FIG. 7, at 713 (denoted in a dotted block as an option) , UE 704A may indicate cell features required by UE 704A to UE 704B. For example, UE 704A may require a multimedia messaging service (MMS) feature. The required features may be indicated via a discovery message or a PC5 RRC message. In some embodiments, cell #B1 or BS 702 may not support the required features. In response to receiving the indication of the cell features from UE 704A, UE 704B may direct UE 704A to a different serving cell or different BS. For example, UE 704B may direct data from UE 704A to a different parent node which is served by a different serving cell or different BS supporting the required feature. For example, UE 704D may access a serving cell (e.g., cell #B2) supporting the required features. Cell #B2 may or may not belong to BS 702. UE 704B or BS 702 may select UE 704D such that UE 704A may access cell #B2 via UE 704B and UE 704D.
[0100] Various methods can be used to support this cross-path topology. For example, in some embodiments, there may be no end-to-end RRC connection via UE 704D (e.g., the parent node of UE 704B or the last relay UE) . For example, in some embodiments, a dual-connection like protocol may be employed.
[0101] For example, the following methods can be used to implement cross-path topology.
[0102] At 715, UE 704B may indicate one or more of the following to BS 702 (e.g., cell #B1) : (b1) the cell features required by UE 704A; (b2) UE 704A intends to access a cell via UE 704B; and (b3) a candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 704D) for UE 704B, wherein UE 704A can access the cell (e.g., cell #B2) via the candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 704D) and UE 704B. For information (b1) , it may be received from UE 704A at 713. For information (b2) , UE 704B may know features supported by a cell serving the candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 704D) based on information from the candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 704D) via, for example, a discovery message. Therefore, UE 704B can select the candidate relay UE with a serving cell supporting the required features. In some examples, one or more candidate relay UEs selected by UE 704B can be indicated. For example, the ID of each of the one or more candidate relay UEs can be indicated.
[0103] At 717, BS 702 (e.g., cell #B1) may transmit information to UE 704B for UE 704A to access a cell supporting the required features. The cell may or may not belong to BS 702. In some embodiments, the transmitted information may include configuration information related to a data transmission of UE 704A. In some embodiments, the configuration information may include one or more of: a resource for a PC5 link between UE 704B and at least one candidate relay UE (e.g., UE 704D) for UE 704B, wherein the data transmission of UE 704A is to be transmitted on the PC5 link; a local ID for UE 704A; bearer mapping information associated with the data transmission of UE 704A; an ID (s) of the least one candidate relay UE; and a DC configuration for UE 704B. The at least one candidate relay UE in the configuration information selected by BS 702 may or may not be the same as the candidate relay UE(s) selected by UE 704B. In some embodiments, the DC configuration may include MCG information and an SCG configuration. The details of the DC configuration, MCG information and SCG configuration can be referred to in 3GPP specifications (e.g., TS37.340) .
[0104] In response to receiving the configuration information, UE 704B can identify a relay UE by the indicated ID (s) . For example, UE 704B can identify UE 704D and may establish a PC5 link with UE 704D using, for example, the indicated resource. UE 704B may route data from UE 704A to UE 704D, which may route the data to cell #B2. In some embodiments, there may be no end-to-end RRC connection via UE 704D. In some embodiments, a dual-connection like protocol may be employed. For example, from the perspective of UE 704B, the link via UE 704C may be an MCG link and the link via UE 704D may be an SCG link.
[0105] In some embodiments, BS 702 (e.g., cell #B1) may also transmit the configuration information related to the data transmission of UE 704A to the at least one candidate relay UE selected by BS 702. For example, at 719, BS 702 (e.g., cell #B1) may transmit configuration information related to the data transmission of UE 704A to UE 704D. In some embodiments, the transmitted configuration information may include one or more of: the resource for a PC5 link between UE 704B and UE 704D for UE 704B, wherein the data transmission of UE 704A is to be transmitted on the PC5 link; the local ID for UE 704A; and bearer mapping information associated with the data transmission of UE 704A.
[0106] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 700 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 700 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0107] FIG. 8 illustrates exemplary procedure 800 for implementing cross-path topologies in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 8.
[0108] Referring to FIG. 8, UE 804B may access a BS (denoted as BS #C and not shown in FIG. 8) via one or more relay UEs. For example, UE 804B may connect to a relay UE (denoted as relay #C1 and not shown in FIG. 8) which may access BS #C (e.g., cell #C) via a direct or indirect path. Relay #C1 may or may not be a parent node of UE 804B or the last relay UE. For example, UE 804B and relay #C1 may respectively function as relay UE 334C and relay UE 334D in FIG. 3D.
[0109] In some embodiments, a remote UE (denoted as UE #C1 and not shown in FIG. 8) may connect to UE 804B via a PC5 connection and may access BS #C (e.g., cell #C) via UE 804B and relay #C1. In some embodiments, UE #C1 and BS #C may establish an RRC connection (e.g., end-to-end RRC connection) through UE 804B and relay #C1.
[0110] In some embodiments, cross-path topologies may be supported. For example, another remote UE (e.g., UE 804A) may connect to UE 804B via a PC5 connection and may access a different BS (e.g., BS 802) via UE 804B and another relay UE (denoted as relay #C2) . That is, UE 804B is allowed to select a different parent relay UE of UE 804B for UE 804A to access a different BS. Relay #C2 may or may not be a parent node of UE 804B. Relay #C2 may or may not be the last relay UE. For example, UE 804D may function as relay UE 334E in FIG. 3D.
[0111] In some other embodiments, there may be one or more additional relay UEs between UE 804B and at least one of UE #C1 and UE 804A.
[0112] The above cross-path topologies have advantages in various aspects.
[0113] For example, UE 804B may support more than one PLMN (e.g., supporting MUSIM) . Referring to FIG. 8, at 813, UE 804A may indicate an indication of a PLMN to which UE 804A intends to attach. In some embodiments, BS #C may not support the indicated PLMN. In response to receiving the PLMN indication, UE 804B may direct UE 804A to a different BS supporting the indicated PLMN. For example, BS 802 may support the indicated PLMN. At 815, an RRC connection (e.g., end-to-end RRC connection) may be established between UE 804A and BS 802 through at least UE 804B.
[0114] For example, UE 804B may select a candidate relay UE (e.g., a parent relay UE of UE 804B) which is served by BS 802 supporting the indicated PLMN. Or put another way, the serving cell of the selected candidate relay UE (e.g., relay #C2) belongs to the indicated PLMN. An RRC connection (e.g., end-to-end RRC connection) may be established between UE 804A and BS 802 through UE 804B and relay #C2.
[0115] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 800 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 800 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0116] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of method 900 for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 9. In some examples, method 900 may be performed by a UE as described above. In some embodiments, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions or operations. In some examples, a processor of a UE may cause the UE to perform method 900.
[0117] At 911, a first UE may access a BS via a second UE. The second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path. At 913, the first UE may establish a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE. At 915, the first UE may receive, from the third UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset. At 917, the first UE may transmit, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.
[0118] In some embodiments, the first UE may transmit the second message in response to the first UE being in an idle state and out of coverage of the BS.
[0119] In some embodiments, the first UE may: receive the SFN-DFN offset from the second UE; and transmit the received SFN-DFN offset to the third UE.
[0120] In some embodiments, the first UE may not allow different UEs connecting to the first UE to access a network via different parent relay UEs of the first UE.
[0121] In some embodiments, the first UE may indicate to the BS one or more of the following: that a fourth UE intends to access a cell via the first UE; and a first candidate relay UE for the first UE, wherein the fourth UE can access the cell via the first candidate relay UE and the first UE.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first UE may receive, from the BS, configuration information related to a data transmission of the fourth UE.
[0123] In some embodiments, the first UE may the configuration information includes one or more of: a resource for a PC5 link between the first UE and a second candidate relay UE for the first UE, wherein the data transmission of the fourth UE is to be transmitted on the PC5 link; a local ID for the fourth UE; bearer mapping information associated with the data transmission of the fourth UE; an ID of the second candidate relay UE; and a DC configuration for the first UE.
[0124] In some embodiments, the second UE and the second candidate relay UE access a same cell of the BS. In some embodiments, the second UE and the second candidate relay UE access different cells of the BS. In some embodiments, the second UE and the second candidate relay UE access different BSs.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first UE may perform one or more of: receiving an overload indication from the second UE; receiving features supported by the cell from the fourth UE; transmitting the received features to the BS; and receiving, from the first candidate relay UE, features supported by a serving cell of the first candidate relay UE.
[0126] In some embodiments, the second candidate relay UE supports features required by the fourth UE.
[0127] In some embodiments, the first UE may: receive, from a fourth UE, an indication of a PLMN to which the fourth UE intends to attach; and select a parent relay UE for the first UE, wherein a serving cell of the parent relay UE belongs to the PLMN.
[0128] In some embodiments, the BS does not support the PLMN.
[0129] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 900 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 900 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0130] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of method 1000 for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 10. In some examples, method 1000 may be performed by a UE as described above. In some embodiments, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions or operations. In some examples, a processor of a UE may cause the UE to perform method 1000.
[0131] At 1011, a third UE may establish a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first UE accesses a BS via a second UE and the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path. At 1013, the third UE may access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE. At 1015, the third UE may transmit, to the first UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset. At 1017, the third UE may receive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.
[0132] In some embodiments, the third UE may transmit the first message when the third UE is in an idle state or an inactive state.
[0133] In some embodiments, the third UE may: receive, from the BS, an indication to trigger a reestablishment procedure at the third UE; and initiate a reestablishment procedure in response to the indication.
[0134] In some embodiments, the third UE may receive an ID of each of at least one candidate relay UE from the BS, wherein each of the at least one candidate relay UE accesses the BS via an indirect path.
[0135] In some embodiments, in response to a reestablishment procedure being initiated, the third UE may: keep the at least one candidate relay UE; and select a candidate relay UE from the at least one candidate relay UE to perform the reestablishment procedure.
[0136] In some embodiments, a channel quality between the third UE and the selected candidate relay UE is greater than a threshold.
[0137] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 1000 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 1000 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0138] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a UE 1100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 1100 may include a processor 1102, a memory 1104, a controller 1106, and a transceiver 1108. The processor 1102, the memory 1104, the controller 1106, or the transceiver 1108, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0139] The processor 1102, the memory 1104, the controller 1106, or the transceiver 1108, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0140] The processor 1102 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1102 may be configured to operate the memory 1104. In some other implementations, the memory 1104 may be integrated into the processor 1102. The processor 1102 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1104 to cause the UE 1100 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0141] The memory 1104 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1104 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1102 cause the UE 1100 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1104 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0142] In some implementations, the processor 1102 and the memory 1104 coupled with the processor 1102 may be configured to cause the UE 1100 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1102, instructions stored in the memory 1104) . For example, the processor 1102 may support wireless communication at the UE 1100 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the UE 1100 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-10.
[0143] For example, the UE 1100 may be configured to support: a means for accessing a BS via a second UE, wherein the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; a means for establishing a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least the UE 1100 and the second UE; a means for receiving, from the third UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and transmitting, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.
[0144] For example, the UE 1100 may be configured to support: a means for establishing a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first UE accesses a BS via a second UE which accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; a means for accessing the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE; a means for transmitting, to the first UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and a means for receive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.
[0145] The controller 1106 may manage input and output signals for the UE 1100. The controller 1106 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 1100. In some implementations, the controller 1106 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1106 may be implemented as part of the processor 1102.
[0146] In some implementations, the UE 1100 may include at least one transceiver 1108. In some other implementations, the UE 1100 may have more than one transceiver 1108. The transceiver 1108 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1108 may include one or more receiver chains 1110, one or more transmitter chains 1112, or a combination thereof.
[0147] A receiver chain 1110 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1110 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1110 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1110 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1110 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0148] A transmitter chain 1112 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) . The transmitter chain 1112 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 1112 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1112 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0149] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary UE 1100 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary UE 1100 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary UE 1100, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the UE 1100 may not include the controller 1106.
[0150] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a processor 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1200 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1200 may include a controller 1202 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1200 may optionally include at least one memory 1204, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1200 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1206. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0151] The processor 1200 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0152] The controller 1202 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1200 to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1202 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1200, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1200. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0153] The controller 1202 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1204 and determine a subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1202 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1204. The controller 1202 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1202 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1200 to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1202 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1200. The controller 1202 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs, and other functional units of the processor 1200.
[0154] The memory 1204 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1200 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 1204 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1200) . In some other implementations, the memory 1204 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1200) .
[0155] The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1200, cause the processor 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1202 and / or the processor 1200 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1204 to cause the processor 1200 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1200 and / or the controller 1202 may be coupled with or to the memory 1204, the processor 1200, the controller 1202, and the memory 1204 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1200 may include multiple processors and the memory 1204 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0156] The one or more ALUs 1206 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 1206 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1206 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) . One or more ALUs 1206 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1206 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1206 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1206 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1206 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0157] The processor 1200 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the processor 1200 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-10.
[0158] For example, the processor 1200 may be configured to support: a means for accessing a BS via a second UE, wherein the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; a means for establishing a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least a first UE including the processor 1200 and the second UE; a means for receiving, from the third UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and transmitting, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.
[0159] For example, the processor 1200 may be configured to support: a means for establishing a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first UE accesses a BS via a second UE which accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path; a means for accessing the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE; a means for transmitting, to the first UE, a first message requesting a SFN-DFN offset; and a means for receive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.
[0160] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary processor 1200 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary processor 1200 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary processor 1200, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the processor 1200 may not include the ALUs 1206.
[0161] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of an NE 1300 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 1300 may include a processor 1302, a memory 1304, a controller 1306, and a transceiver 1308. The processor 1302, the memory 1304, the controller 1306, or the transceiver 1308, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0162] The processor 1302, the memory 1304, the controller 1306, or the transceiver 1308, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, an ASIC, or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0163] The processor 1302 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1302 may be configured to operate the memory 1304. In some other implementations, the memory 1304 may be integrated into the processor 1302. The processor 1302 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1304 to cause the NE 1300 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0164] The memory 1304 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1302 cause the NE 1300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1304 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0165] In some implementations, the processor 1302 and the memory 1304 coupled with the processor 1302 may be configured to cause the NE 1300 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1302, instructions stored in the memory 1304) . For example, the processor 1302 may support wireless communication at the NE 1300 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the NE 1300 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-10.
[0166] The controller 1306 may manage input and output signals for the NE 1300. The controller 1306 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 1300. In some implementations, the controller 1306 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1306 may be implemented as part of the processor 1302.
[0167] In some implementations, the NE 1300 may include at least one transceiver 1308. In some other implementations, the NE 1300 may have more than one transceiver 1308. The transceiver 1308 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1308 may include one or more receiver chains 1310, one or more transmitter chains 1312, or a combination thereof.
[0168] A receiver chain 1310 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1310 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1310 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., an LNA) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1310 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1310 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0169] A transmitter chain 1312 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) . The transmitter chain 1312 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as AM, FM, or digital modulation schemes like PSK or QAM. The transmitter chain 1312 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1312 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0170] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary NE 1300 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary NE 1300 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary NE 1300, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the NE 1300 may not include the controller 1306.
[0171] Those having ordinary skill in the art would understand that the operations or steps of the methods described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Additionally, in some aspects, the operations or steps of the methods may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and / or instructions on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0172] While this disclosure has been described with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art. The disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded with the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. For example, various components of the embodiments may be interchanged, added, or substituted in other embodiments. Also, all of the elements of each figure are not necessary for the operation of the disclosed embodiments. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art of the disclosed embodiments would be enabled to make and use the teachings of the disclosure by simply employing the elements of the independent claims. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosure as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0173] In this document, this document, the terms "handover, " "path switch" and "cell switch" may be used interchangeably. The terms "path switch" and "path change" may be used interchangeably. The terms "cell switch" and "cell change" may be used interchangeably. The terms "select" and "reselect" may be used interchangeably. The term " (re) selection" may include selection, reselection or both selection and reselection depending on the context. The terms "includes, " "including, " or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "a, " "an, " or the like does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element. Also, the term "another" is defined as at least a second or more. The term "having" or the like, as used herein, is defined as "including. " Expressions such as "A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include any and all combinations of words enumerated along with the expression. For instance, the expression "A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include A, B, or both A and B. The wording "the first, " "the second" or the like is only used to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure, but is not used to limit the substance of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A first user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first UE to:access a base station (BS) via a second UE, wherein the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path;establish a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE;receive, from the third UE, a first message requesting a system frame number (SFN) -direct frame number (DFN) offset; andtransmit, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.2.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to transmit the second message in response to the first UE being in an idle state and out of coverage of the BS.3.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to:receive the SFN-DFN offset from the second UE; andtransmit the received SFN-DFN offset to the third UE.4.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to not allow different UEs connecting to the first UE to access a network via different parent relay UEs of the first UE.5.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to indicate to the BS one or more of the following:that a fourth UE intends to access a cell via the first UE; anda first candidate relay UE for the first UE, wherein the fourth UE can access the cell via the first candidate relay UE and the first UE.6.The first UE of Claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to receive, from the BS, configuration information related to a data transmission of the fourth UE.7.The first UE of Claim 6, wherein the configuration information comprises one or more of:a resource for a PC5 link between the first UE and a second candidate relay UE for the first UE, wherein the data transmission of the fourth UE is to be transmitted on the PC5 link;a local ID for the fourth UE;bearer mapping information associated with the data transmission of the fourth UE;an ID of the second candidate relay UE; anda dual connection (DC) configuration for the first UE.8.The first UE of Claim 7, wherein the second UE and the second candidate relay UE access a same cell of the BS;wherein the second UE and the second candidate relay UE access different cells of the BS; orwherein the second UE and the second candidate relay UE access different BSs.9.The first UE of Claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to perform one or more of:receiving an overload indication from the second UE;receiving features supported by the cell from the fourth UE;transmitting the received features to the BS; andreceiving, from the first candidate relay UE, features supported by a serving cell of the first candidate relay UE.10.The first UE of Claim 7, wherein the second candidate relay UE supports features required by the fourth UE.11.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to:receive, from a fourth UE, an indication of a public land mobile network (PLMN) to which the fourth UE intends to attach; andselect a parent relay UE for the first UE, wherein a serving cell of the parent relay UE belongs to the PLMN.12.The first UE of Claim 11, wherein the BS does not support the PLMN.13.A third user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third UE to:establish a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first UE accesses a base station (BS) via a second UE and the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path;access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE;transmit, to the first UE, a first message requesting a system frame number (SFN) -direct frame number (DFN) offset; andreceive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.14.The third UE of Claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the third UE to transmit the first message when the third UE is in an idle state or an inactive state.15.The third UE of Claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the third UE to:receive, from the BS, an indication to trigger a reestablishment procedure at the third UE; andinitiate a reestablishment procedure in response to the indication.16.The third UE of Claim 13 or 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the third UE to receive an identity (ID) of each of at least one candidate relay UE from the BS, wherein each of the at least one candidate relay UE accesses the BS via an indirect path.17.The third UE of Claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the third UE to, in response to a reestablishment procedure being initiated:keep the at least one candidate relay UE; andselect a candidate relay UE from the at least one candidate relay UE to perform the reestablishment procedure.18.The third UE of Claim 17, wherein a channel quality between the third UE and the selected candidate relay UE is greater than a threshold.19.A processor, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:access a base station (BS) via a second user equipment (UE) , wherein the second UE accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path;establish a PC5 connection with a third UE to enable the third UE to access the BS via at least a first UE including the processor and the second UE;receive, from the third UE, a first message requesting a system frame number (SFN) -direct frame number (DFN) offset; andtransmit, to the second UE, a second message requesting the SFN-DFN offset.20.A processor, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:establish a PC5 connection with a first user equipment (UE) , wherein the first UE accesses a base station (BS) via a second UE which accesses the BS via an indirect path or a direct path;access the BS via at least the first UE and the second UE;transmit, to the first UE, a first message requesting a system frame number (SFN) -direct frame number (DFN) offset; andreceive, from the first UE, the requested SFN-DFN offset.
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