Encapsulating structure for perovskite solar cell module, and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and to an encapsulating structure for a perovskite solar cell module, and an application thereof. Adding a path for water and oxygen to invade an organic barrier layer from a side so as to reduce the probability of water and oxygen invading the organic barrier layer, thus preventing the failure of a perovskite solar cell module; moreover, setting the area of an inorganic barrier layer to be greater than the area of the organic barrier layer can realize the aim of preventing water and oxygen from invading the organic barrier layer, thereby improving the water-oxygen barrier capability of the perovskite solar cell module, prolonging the service life of the perovskite solar cell module, and facilitating an improvement in the reliability of the perovskite solar cell module during storage and use. A gap between adjacent organic / inorganic barrier layers is not fully exposed to the external environment, such that the transverse penetration of water and oxygen can be effectively blocked, and the advantage of a good encapsulating effect is provided.

Description

A packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module and its application Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules and relates to a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module and its application. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention from the academic community due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, easy processing, and abundant resources. While their efficiency continues to improve, existing perovskite solar cells are often less stable to moisture and oxygen than traditional crystalline silicon or thin-film solar cells. In atmospheric environments, the perovskite layer can easily decompose or render the organic hole transport layer ineffective, leading to rapid degradation of solar cell performance. Therefore, packaging technology plays a significant role in the lifespan of solar cells during their operation.

[0003] Conventional perovskite solar cell packaging technology lacks the waterproofing required by perovskite solar cells. The packaging process often requires high temperatures, which can affect the performance of perovskite solar cells. This places higher demands on perovskite solar cell packaging technology, necessitating the design of a packaging structure suitable for perovskite solar cell modules to address the challenges of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module and its application, so as to maximize the barrier of water and oxygen in the air, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite cell.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell module packaging structure, comprising:

[0007] A substrate for supporting a perovskite solar cell module;

[0008] a perovskite solar cell assembly formed on the substrate;

[0009] An encapsulation structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module and comprising at least one inorganic barrier layer; or an encapsulation structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module and comprising a plurality of alternately stacked inorganic barrier layers and organic barrier layers, wherein the area of ​​the inorganic barrier layer adjacent to the organic barrier layer is larger than the area of ​​the current organic barrier layer; and both the innermost and outermost layers of the encapsulation structure are inorganic barrier layers;

[0010] The packaging structure covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the perovskite solar cell assembly.

[0011] Among them, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell component, the orthographic projections of the organic barrier layers have an overlapping area; and two adjacent inorganic barrier layers are at least partially in contact with each other, and the inorganic barrier layers are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking area.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the organic barrier layer is 10 nm to 100 μm; the thickness of the inorganic barrier layer is 5 nm to 10 μm.

[0013] It should be noted that the thickness of the organic barrier layer can also be adaptively prepared according to actual packaging requirements and can be 10nm, 50nm, 100nm, 300nm, 600nm, 800nm, 1000nm, 2μm, 10μm, 30μm, 50μm, 60μm, 80μm or 100μm, etc., which are not listed one by one; the thickness of the inorganic barrier layer can be adaptively prepared according to actual packaging requirements, and the optional thickness is 5nm, 20nm, 40nm, 80nm, 100nm, 300nm, 500nm, 700nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 2μm, 4μm, 6μm, 8μm, 10μm, etc., which are not listed one by one.

[0014] Furthermore, the total number of layers of the encapsulation structure is an odd number N, and 1≤N≤21. Specifically, the encapsulation structure includes any number of organic barrier layers and inorganic barrier layers within the above range. The combination of organic barrier layers and inorganic barrier layers can vary with the degree of resistance to penetration of oxygen, moisture, water vapor and / or chemicals. For example, the total number of organic barrier layers and inorganic barrier layers can be 21 layers or less, such as 1 layer (only inorganic barrier layer), 3 layers, 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers, 13 layers, 15 layers, 17 layers, 19 layers, 21 layers. Specifically, the 5-layer encapsulation structure can be arranged alternately from the inside to the outside as the first inorganic barrier layer / the first organic barrier layer / the second inorganic barrier layer / the second organic barrier layer / the third inorganic barrier layer.

[0015] It should be noted that, in this packaging structure, the organic barrier layer and the inorganic barrier layer can be deposited alternately to supplement or enhance the packaging effect of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0016] Furthermore, the inorganic barrier layer covers the perovskite solar cell assembly and at least a portion of the substrate.

[0017] Furthermore, the organic barrier layer is a flat structure capable of buffering, and its material may be a high molecular polymer or a resin material.

[0018] Furthermore, the material of the inorganic barrier layer is selected from one or more of Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, MgO, HfO2, Ta2O5, Si3N4, AlN, SiNx, SiNO, SiO, SiO2, SiOx, SiC or ITO.

[0019] On the other hand, the perovskite solar cell assembly provided by the present invention includes a conductive base (substrate), an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer and an electrode.

[0020] In some specific embodiments, the conductive substrate may include an ITO glass substrate, but is not limited thereto.

[0021] In some specific embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer can be selected from any one or more of TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, NiOx, PEDOT:PSS, and PTAA, but is not limited thereto.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, the structural formula of the perovskite layer can be MAPbI3, FAPbI3, FA0.8Cs0.1MA 0.1 PbI 2.9 Br 0.1 (The structural formula of MA is CH3NH 3+ , the structural formula of FA is CH4N 2+ ), but not limited to.

[0023] In some specific embodiments, the hole transport layer is any one or more of a layered structure prepared from nickel oxide, doped nickel oxide, cuprous iodide, cuprous thiocyanate, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), PEDOT:PSS or Spiro-OMeTAD, but is not limited thereto.

[0024] In some specific embodiments, the electrodes are one or more metals selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al), but are not limited thereto.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the perovskite solar cell is a normal structure (nip type) or an inverted structure (pin type).

[0026] In addition, the present invention also provides the application of the above packaging structure in solar cells, especially perovskite solar cells.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The packaging structure provided by the present invention reduces the probability of water and oxygen invading the organic barrier layer by increasing the path for water and oxygen to invade the organic barrier layer from the side, thereby avoiding failure of the perovskite solar cell module. At the same time, the area of ​​the inorganic barrier layer is set to be larger than the area of ​​the organic barrier layer, which can achieve the purpose of blocking water and oxygen from invading the organic barrier layer, thereby improving the water and oxygen barrier capacity of the perovskite solar cell module, extending the service life of the perovskite solar cell module, and facilitating improving the reliability of the perovskite solar cell module during storage and use.

[0029] In addition, in the packaging structure provided by the present invention, the gaps between adjacent organic / inorganic barrier layers are not completely exposed to the external environment, thereby effectively preventing the lateral penetration of water and oxygen, and achieving a good packaging effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0032] FIG1 is a cross-sectional view of the packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module provided by the present invention;

[0033] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of the packaging structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0035] FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of the packaging structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Comparative Example 1;

[0036] FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of the packaging structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Comparative Example 2;

[0037] FIG6 is a curve showing the change in normalized efficiency of the perovskite solar cell modules provided in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 over time;

[0038] FIG7 is a curve showing the change in normalized efficiency of the perovskite solar cell modules provided in Examples 1 to 4 over time.

[0039] Among them: 10, substrate; 20, perovskite solar cell module; 31, first inorganic barrier layer; 32, first organic barrier layer; 40, second inorganic barrier layer; 50, sealant; 60, glass cover; 301, inorganic layer stacking area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are merely examples consistent with certain aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0041] The packaging structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided by the present invention comprises:

[0042] A substrate 10 for supporting a perovskite solar cell assembly 20;

[0043] A perovskite solar cell assembly 20 is formed on the substrate 10;

[0044] An encapsulation structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module 20 and comprising at least one inorganic barrier layer; or an encapsulation structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module 20 and comprising a plurality of alternately stacked inorganic barrier layers and organic barrier layers, wherein the area of ​​the inorganic barrier layer adjacent to the organic barrier layer is larger than the area of ​​the current organic barrier layer (i.e., the area of ​​the inorganic barrier layer is larger than the area of ​​the adjacent organic barrier layer); the innermost and outermost layers of the encapsulation structure are both inorganic barrier layers;

[0045] The packaging structure covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 .

[0046] Furthermore, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 , there is an overlapping area between the orthographic projections of the organic barrier layers.

[0047] Furthermore, two adjacent inorganic barrier layers are at least partially in contact with each other, and the inorganic barrier layers are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking region.

[0048] Furthermore, the total number of layers of the package structure is an odd number N, and 1≤N≤21. Preferably, the total number of layers of the package structure is 21, as shown in FIG1 .

[0049] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module. As shown in Figure 2, the packaging structure covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the perovskite solar cell module 20, and the packaging structure is a three-layer structure: from the inside to the outside, it is formed by stacking a first inorganic barrier layer 31, a first organic barrier layer 32, and a second inorganic barrier layer 40.

[0052] The areas of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 adjacent to the first organic barrier layer 32 are both larger than the area of ​​the intermediate first organic barrier layer 32. Preferably, the thickness of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is 50 nm, the thickness of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 is 70 nm, and the thickness of the first organic barrier layer 32 is 20 μm.

[0053] Moreover, the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 are at least partially in contact with each other, and the contacted portions of the inorganic barrier layers are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking region 301 .

[0054] The orthographic projection of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 on the substrate 10 (rectangle A) and the orthographic projection of the first organic barrier layer 32 located above and adjacent to the first inorganic barrier layer 31 on the substrate 10 (rectangle B) form a first U-shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the first U-shaped structure is x;

[0055] The orthographic projection (rectangle C) of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection (rectangle B) of the first organic barrier layer 32 located below and adjacent to the second inorganic barrier layer 40 on the substrate 10 form a second U-shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the second U-shaped structure is y;

[0056] Where x and y are both greater than 0.

[0057] Furthermore, the material of the first organic barrier layer 32 is a high molecular polymer or a resin material.

[0058] Furthermore, the materials of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 are selected from one or more of Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, MgO, HfO2, Ta2O5, Si3N4, AlN, SiNx, SiNO, SiO, SiO2, SiOx, SiC or ITO.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the encapsulation structure in this embodiment is only a first inorganic barrier layer 31 arranged above the perovskite solar cell assembly 20, as shown in FIG3, and its thickness is 200 nm.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the encapsulation structure in this embodiment is a 5-layer structure: from the inside to the outside, it is formed by stacking a first inorganic barrier layer 31, a first organic barrier layer 32, a second inorganic barrier layer 40, a second organic barrier layer, and a third inorganic barrier layer.

[0063] Preferably, the thickness of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is 40 nm, the thickness of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 is 70 nm, the thickness of the third inorganic barrier layer is 20 nm, the thickness of the first organic barrier layer 32 is 15 μm, and the thickness of the second organic barrier layer is 30 μm.

[0064] Specifically, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 , there is an overlapping area between the orthographic projections of the first organic barrier layer 32 and the second organic barrier layer.

[0065] Specifically, the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 are at least partially in contact with each other, and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 and the third inorganic barrier layer are at least partially in contact with each other, and the first inorganic barrier layer 31, the second inorganic barrier layer 40, and the third inorganic barrier layer are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking area 301.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the encapsulation structure in this embodiment is a 7-layer structure: from the inside to the outside, it is formed by stacking a first inorganic barrier layer 31, a first organic barrier layer 32, a second inorganic barrier layer 40, a second organic barrier layer, a third inorganic barrier layer, a third organic barrier layer, and a fourth inorganic barrier layer.

[0068] Preferably, the thickness of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is 20 nm, the thickness of the second inorganic barrier layer 32 is 50 nm, the thickness of the third inorganic barrier layer is 30 nm, the thickness of the fourth inorganic barrier layer is 30 nm, the thickness of the first organic barrier layer 40 is 10 μm, the thickness of the second organic barrier layer is 30 μm, and the thickness of the third organic barrier layer is 40 μm.

[0069] Specifically, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 , there is an overlapping area between the orthographic projections of the first organic barrier layer 40 , the second organic barrier layer, and the third organic barrier layer.

[0070] Specifically, the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 are at least partially in contact with each other, the second inorganic barrier layer 40 and the third inorganic barrier layer are at least partially in contact with each other, and the third inorganic barrier layer and the fourth inorganic barrier layer are at least partially in contact with each other, and the first inorganic barrier layer 31, the second inorganic barrier layer 40, the third inorganic barrier layer, and the fourth inorganic barrier layer are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking region 301.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that in this comparative example, the top of the perovskite solar cell assembly is a glass cover 60, and its side is sealed by a special sealant 50 for perovskite solar cells, see Figure 4.

[0073] The sealant 50 is made of colorless and transparent epoxy resin AB glue, which is prepared in a mass ratio of A:B=2:1, where A is the epoxy resin main agent and B is the curing agent. The sealant 50 has a width of 1000 μm and a thickness of 100 μm.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] On the basis of Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that in this comparative example, the upper portion of the perovskite solar cell assembly is only provided with an organic barrier layer having a thickness of 21 μm.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the packaging structure above the perovskite solar cell module in this comparative example does not have an inorganic layer stacking region 301 , see FIG5 .

[0078] In order to verify the effectiveness of the technical solution provided by the present invention, standard performance tests were performed on the perovskite battery components disclosed in Examples 1 to 4 and the perovskite battery components provided in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. The specific test process is as follows:

[0079] (1) Plot the PCE-t curve (normalized efficiency versus time) using a solar simulator with a light intensity of 100 mA / cm 2 ,The experimental conditions were light at atmospheric pressure, temperature 20℃, and humidity 30%.

[0080] As shown in Figure 6, the perovskite solar cell module provided in Example 1 still maintains an initial energy conversion efficiency of over 88% after being placed in air for 3600 hours, while the packaging structure of Comparative Example 1 drops to 64% of the initial energy conversion efficiency at approximately 3600 hours, the packaging structure of Comparative Example 2 drops to 50% of the initial energy conversion efficiency at approximately 3600 hours, and the packaging structure of Comparative Example 3 drops to 60% of the initial energy conversion efficiency at approximately 3600 hours. This fully demonstrates that the packaging effect of Example 1 is superior to that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0081] As shown in FIG7 , the perovskite solar cell modules prepared in Examples 1 to 4 all have an initial energy conversion efficiency of more than 88% after being placed in air for 3600 hours.

[0082] The foregoing description is intended only to provide specific embodiments of the present invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0083] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above description and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An encapsulation structure of a perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, Comprising: A substrate (10) for supporting a perovskite solar cell module (20); A perovskite solar cell module (20) formed above the substrate (10); A packaging structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module (20) and including at least one inorganic barrier layer; or, a packaging structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module (20) and including a plurality of alternately stacked inorganic barrier layers and organic barrier layers, the area of the inorganic barrier layer adjacent to the organic barrier layer being larger than the area of the current organic barrier layer; The packaging structure covers the upper surface and the side surface of the perovskite solar cell module (20); The perovskite solar cell module (20) includes an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode, and the perovskite solar cell module (20) is a normal structure or an inverted structure.

2. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total number of layers of the packaging structure is an odd number N, and 1 ≤ N ≤ 21.

3. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein, Both the innermost layer and the outermost layer of the packaging structure are inorganic barrier layers.

4. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell module (20), there is an overlapping area in the orthographic projection between the organic barrier layers.

5. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein Two adjacent inorganic barrier layers are at least partially in contact with each other, and the inorganic barrier layers are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking region (301).

6. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the organic barrier layer is 10 nm to 100 μm, and the thickness of the inorganic barrier layer is 5 nm to 10 μm.

7. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein, The material of the organic barrier layer is a polymer or a resin material.

8. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the inorganic barrier layer is selected from one or more of Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, MgO, HfO2, Ta2O5, Si3N4, AlN, SiNx, SiNO, SiO, SiO2, SiOx, SiC, or ITO.

9. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein The orthographic projection of the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) and the orthographic projection of the organic barrier layer located above and adjacent to the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) form a first "return" - shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the first "return" - shaped structure is x; The orthographic projection of the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) and the orthographic projection of the organic barrier layer located below and adjacent to the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) form a second "return" - shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the second "return" - shaped structure is y; Wherein, both x and y are greater than 0.

10. Use of the packaging structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a perovskite solar cell.

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