Adhesive and tape including BIO-based components and related processes
A bio-based adhesive composition with specific styrenic block copolymers and a silane coupling agent addresses the limitations of polyfarnesene block copolymers by enhancing static shear and adhesion at high temperatures, ensuring durable bonding.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/072227
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing adhesive compositions using polyfarnesene block copolymers exhibit poor static shear performance and adhesion to tape backings at high temperatures, limiting their effectiveness in applications requiring durability and bonding strength.
A bio-based adhesive composition incorporating a first styrenic block copolymer with a bio-based block, a second styrenic block copolymer with polybutadiene or polyisoprene blocks, a bio-based tackifying resin, and a silane coupling agent, with a weight ratio of 4:1 to 1:4, enhances adhesion and static shear performance at elevated temperatures.
The composition demonstrates improved static shear performance and adhesion to tape backings, maintaining bond integrity at temperatures up to 110°C, outperforming comparative compositions with polyfarnesene block copolymers.
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Figure PCTCN2024072227-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024072227-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024072227-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ADHESIVE AND TAPE INCLUDING BIO-BASED COMPONENTS AND RELATED PROCESSESBackground
[0001] Publications mentioning polyfarnesene block copolymers in adhesives include U.S. Pat. No. 7,655,739 (McPhee et al. ) ;U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2016 / 0032156 (Dollase et al. ) ; Int. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. WO2022 / 135901 (Bellini) ; and German Pat. No. DE 10 2019 204 322 B4, published April 7, 2022. U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2018 / 0134931 (Sasaki et al. ) describes a sealant that includes a polyfarnesene block copolymer.Summary
[0002] The present disclosure provides a bio-based adhesive composition useful, for example, in tapes for higher temperature (e.g., 158 °F (70 ℃) to 230 °F (110 ℃) ) applications. Typically, and advantageously, the adhesive composition of the present disclosure has better static shear performance at such temperatures than comparative adhesive compositions in which the only rubber is a polyfarnesene block copolymer. Also typically, and advantageously, the adhesive composition has better adhesion to tape backings than comparative adhesive compositions in which the only rubber is a polyfarnesene block copolymer.
[0003] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an adhesive composition. The adhesive composition includes a first styrenic block copolymer comprising a styrenic block and a bio-based block, a second styrenic block copolymer comprising at least one of a polybutadiene block or a polyisoprene block, a bio-based tackifying resin, and a silane coupling agent. The bio-based block, polybutadiene block, and the polyisoprene block are hydrogenated or not hydrogenated. The silane coupling agent is present in an amount in a range from 0.05 percent by weight to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. A weight ratio of the first styrenic block copolymer to the second styrenic block copolymer is in a range from 4: 1 to 1: 4.
[0004] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a tape including the adhesive composition. The tape can include the adhesive composition disposed on a tape backing.
[0005] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process of making a bonded article including a first substrate and a second substrate. The process includes applying the adhesive composition onto at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate and adhering the first substrate and the second substrate using the adhesive composition to make the bonded article.
[0006] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process of using the tape described above. The process includes applying the tape to a surface and exposing the surface to a temperature of at least 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, or 100 ℃. In other words, the present disclosure provides the use of the tape at a temperature of at least 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, or 100 ℃.
[0007] In this application:
[0008] Terms such as "a" , "an" and "the" are not intended to refer to only a singular entity but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration. The terms "a" , "an" , and "the" are used interchangeably with the term "at least one" .
[0009] The phrase "comprises at least one of" followed by a list including the conjunction “or” refers to comprising any one of the items in the list and any combination of two or more items in the list. The phrase "at least one of" followed by a list including the conjunction “or” refers to any one of the items in the list or any combination of two or more items in the list.
[0010] The term “polystyrene” as used herein includes polymers and copolymers of substituted styrene monomers and / or unsubstituted styrene. Likewise, the term “styrenic” refers to relating to substituted styrene monomers and / or unsubstituted styrene.
[0011] The term “crosslinking” refers to joining polymer chains together by covalent chemical bonds to form a network polymer. A crosslinked polymer is generally characterized by insolubility but may be swellable in the presence of an appropriate solvent. The term “crosslinked elastomer” includes partially crosslinked elastomers.
[0012] The terms “thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer” and “thermoplastic elastomer” may be used interchangeably.
[0013] The term “bio-based” when referring to a material is an organic material in which the carbon derives from CO2 recently fixed (on a human scale) by photosynthesis from the atmosphere. On earth, this CO2 is captured or fixed by plants. At sea, CO2 is captured or fixed by bacteria or plankton carrying out photosynthesis. A biomaterial (100%carbon of natural origin) has a 14C / 12C isotope ratio greater than 1 x 10-12, typically of approximately 1.2 x 10-12, while a fossil material has a zero ratio. Indeed, the isotope 14C is formed in the atmosphere and is then integrated by photosynthesis, according to a time scale of a few decades at most. The half-life of 14C is 5730 years. Thus, materials resulting from photosynthesis, namely plants in general, necessarily have a maximum 14C isotope content.
[0014] The biomaterial content or biocarbon content is determined by using the standards ASTM D 6866 (ASTM D 6866-06) and ASTM D 7026 (ASTM D 7026-04) . The ASTM D 6866 standard is "Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Flange Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis" , while the ASTM D 7026 standard is "Sampling and Reporting of Results for Determination of Biobased Content of Materials via Carbon Isotope Analysis" . The second standard makes reference in its first paragraph to the first standard.
[0015] The first standard describes a test for measuring the 14C / 12C ratio of a sample and compares it with the 14C / 12C ratio of a reference sample of 100 %renewable origin, to give a relative percentage of C of renewable origin in sample. The standard is based on the same concepts as 14C dating, but without applying the dating equations. The ratio thus calculated is referred to as the "pMC" (percent Modern Carbon) . If the material to be analyzed is a mixture of biomaterial and fossil material (without radioactive isotope) , then the pMC value obtained is directly correlated with the quantity of biomaterial present in the sample. The reference value used for the 14C dating is a value dating from the 1950s. This year was chosen because of the existence of nuclear tests in the atmosphere which introduced large quantities of isotopes into the atmosphere after this date. The 1950 reference corresponds to a pMC value of 100. Taking into account the thermonuclear tests, the current value to be retained is approximately 107.5 (which corresponds to a correction factor of 0.93) . The radioactive carbon signature of a current plant is therefore 107.5. A signature of 54 pMC and 99 pMC therefore correspond to an amount of biocarbon in the sample of 50 %and 93 %, respectively. In some embodiments, at least 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 percent by weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent is composed of bio-based components.
[0016] Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are generally known to possess the following desirable properties: (1) aggressive and permanent tack, (2) adherence with no more than finger pressure, (3) sufficient ability to hold onto an adherend, and (4) sufficient cohesive strength to be cleanly removable from the adherend. Materials that have been found to function well as PSAs are polymers designed and formulated to exhibit the requisite viscoelastic properties resulting in a desired balance of tack, peel adhesion, and shear holding power. One method useful for identifying pressure sensitive adhesives is the Dahlquist criterion. This criterion defines a pressure sensitive adhesive as an adhesive having a creep compliance of greater than 3 x 10-6 cm2 / dyne as described in Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology, Donatas Satas (Ed. ) , 2nd Edition, p. 172, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1989. Alternatively, since modulus is, to a first approximation, the inverse of creep compliance, pressure sensitive adhesives may be defined as adhesives having a storage modulus of less than about 3 x 105 N / m2. In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure is a PSA composition.
[0017] All numerical ranges are inclusive of their endpoints and nonintegral values between the endpoints unless otherwise stated (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, etc. ) .Detailed Description
[0018] The adhesive composition of the present disclosure, which is included in the tape of the present disclosure, includes first and second styrenic block copolymers. Each of the first and second styrenic block copolymers may be a single block copolymer or a mixture of two or more block copolymers. In some embodiments, at least one of the first or second styrenic block copolymers is a block copolymer comprising a rubbery (or low-Tg) midblock and two or more polystyrene end blocks. The polystyrene end blocks are sometimes referred to as glassy blocks or high-Tg blocks.
[0019] While the present disclosure is not to be bound by theory, it is believed that at the service temperature of the adhesive, each block copolymer microphase separates into ordered nanoscale domains that include rubbery block domains and glassy block domains. When microphase separated, these copolymers form elastic, dimensionally stable solids that display significant shear strength. Unlike chemically crosslinked rubbers, the block copolymers are capable of being reversibly melted and re- solidified with temperature; thus, they are known as thermoplastic elastomers. Thus, thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymers as described herein are not chemically crosslinked.
[0020] In some embodiments, each of the first and second block copolymers is a linear block copolymer of general formula (S-R) m-Swhere each S is independently a polystyrene block, each R is independently a rubbery block, and m is a value of at least 1. Variable m can be from 1 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, the linear block copolymer is a triblock copolymer wherein m is 1 and can also be represented by formula S-R-S.
[0021] In some embodiments, each of the first and second the block copolymers can be a star (also known as a radial or multi-arm) block copolymer of general formula (S-R) n-Y where each R and S are the same as defined above, n is an integer equal to at least 3, and Y is the residue of a multifunctional coupling agent used in the formation of the star block copolymer. The variable n represents the number of arms in the star block copolymer and can be from 3 to 10, from 3 to 8, from 3 to 6, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. For each of the arms, each S and each R may have different lengths.
[0022] In each of the first and second block copolymers, including any of those described above, the polystyrene blocks can have the same or different molecular weights. In some embodiments, each polystyrene block independently has a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 50,000 grams per mole. Similarly, if there is more than one midblock (e.g., rubbery block) , the midblocks can have the same or different molecular weights. In some embodiments, each midblock independently has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000 grams per mole.
[0023] Generally, each R block in the first and second block copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) that is less than ambient temperature. For example, the glass transition temperature can be less than 20℃, less than 0℃, less than -10 ℃, or less than -20 ℃, less than -40 ℃, less than -60 ℃, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than -60 ℃, -55 ℃, -50 ℃, -45 ℃, -40 ℃, -35 ℃, -30 ℃, -25 ℃, -20 ℃, -15 ℃, -10 ℃, -5 ℃, 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, or 20 ℃. The glass transition temperature can be determined using conventional methods known in the art, including Differential Scanning Calorimetry or Dynamic Mechanical Analysis.
[0024] The glass transition temperature of each polystyrene block is generally at least 50 ℃, at least 60 ℃, at least 70 ℃, at least 80 ℃, at least 90 ℃, at least 100 ℃, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃, or 100 ℃.
[0025] Styrene monomers useful for making the polystyrene blocks may be unsubstituted or substituted. Useful styrene monomers contain at least 8 carbon atoms and, in some embodiments, contain at least 10 carbon atoms or at least 12 carbon atoms and up to 18 carbon atoms, up to 16 carbon atoms, or up to 14 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable styrene monomers include styrene, vinyltoluene (e.g., 2, 3, or 4-vinyltoluene) , alpha-methyl styrene, 2, 4-dimethyl styrene, ethyl styrene, 2, 4-diethyl styrene, 3, 5-diethyl styrene, alpha-2-methyl styrene, 4-tert-butyl styrene, 4-isopropyl styrene, and combinations thereof. Each polystyrene block can be a homopolymer or a copolymer. In some embodiments, the polystyrene end blocks each comprise at least one of unsubstituted polystyrene, poly (vinyltoluene) , poly (alpha-methylstyrene) , poly (2, 4-dimethylstyrene) , poly (ethylstyrene) , poly (2, 4-diethylstyrene) , poly (3, 5-diethylstyrene) , poly (4-tert-butylstyrene) , or poly (4-isopropyl styrene) . In some embodiments, the polystyrene end blocks each comprise unsubstituted polystyrene. In some embodiments in which one or more polystyrene end blocks comprises a copolymer, at least 50 weight percent (wt%) (in some embodiments, at least 60 wt%, at least 70 wt%, at least 80 wt%, at least 90 wt%, at least 95 wt%, at least 98 wt%or at least 99 wt%) of the monomeric units are derived from styrene.
[0026] Polystyrene blocks including the polystyrene end blocks can represent from 5 wt%to 60 wt%of each of the first and second block copolymer. With such an amount of polystyrene in the block copolymer, an excellent balance of cohesive strength and modulus may be achieved. The first and second block copolymer can each have a polystyrene block content of from 7 wt%to 40 wt%, 9 wt%to 33 wt%, 13 wt%to 25 wt%, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 27 wt%, 30 wt%, 32 wt%, 35 wt%, 37 wt%, or 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the block copolymer.
[0027] The first styrenic block copolymer comprise a bio-based block. In these embodiments, R is a bio-based block. The bio-based block can be a polymerized terpene or terpene derivative. Bio-based blocks can include blocks of at least one of sesquiterpene, alpha-farnesene, beta-farnesene, isoprene, or myrcene. In some embodiments, the bio-based block comprises a polyfarnesene. In some embodiments, the bio-based block is a polyfarnesene block. In some embodiments, the polyfarnesene is a polymer of alpha-farnesene, beta-farnesene, or a combination thereof. alpha-Farnesene is 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-1, 3, 6, 10-dodecatetraene, and beta-farnesene is 7, 11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1, 6, 10-dodecatriene. Any of the stereoisomers of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene may be useful. The bio-based block, in some embodiments, the polyfarnesene block, may be hydrogenated.
[0028] In some embodiments, each rubbery block R in the second styrenic block copolymer is the polymerized product of a conjugated diene, a hydrogenated derivative of a polymerized conjugated diene, or a combination thereof. The conjugated diene often contains 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of useful conjugated dienes include butadiene, isoprene, 2-ethylbutadiene, 1-phenylbutadiene, 1, 3-pentadiene, 1, 3-hexadiene, 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene, 3-ethyl-1, 3-hexadiene and combinations thereof. Each midblock can be a homopolymer or copolymer. The midblock may be hydrogenated. In some embodiments, the midblock comprises at least one of poly (butadiene) , poly (isoprene) , poly (2-ethylbutadiene) , poly (1-phenylbutadiene) , poly (1, 3-pentadiene) , poly (1, 3-hexadiene) , poly (2, 3-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene) , poly (3-ethyl-1, 3-hexadiene) , poly (ethylene / propylene) , poly (ethylene / butylene) , or poly (isoprene / butadiene) . In some embodiments, the midblock comprises at least one of polybutadiene, polyisoprene, poly (isoprene / butadiene) , poly (ethylene / butylene) , or poly (ethylene / propylene) .
[0029] In addition to the polystyrene blocks and the midblocks, star block copolymers include a residue of a multifunctional coupling agent Y. The coupling agent often has multiple carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, or other groups that can react with carbanions of a living polymer that may be used to form the star block copolymers. The multifunctional coupling agents can be aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, or a combination thereof. Examples of suitable coupling agents include polyvinyl acetylene, diacetylene, di (meth) acrylates (e.g., ethylene dimethacrylate) , divinyl benzene, divinyl pyridine, and divinyl thiophene. Other useful coupling agents include multi-functional silyl halide (e.g., tetrafunctional silyl halide) , polyepoxides, polyisocyanates, polyketones, polyanhydrides, polyalkenyls, and dicarboxylic acid esters.
[0030] In some embodiments, the first styrenic block copolymer is a polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer with a middle block of polyfarnesene, in some embodiments, poly (beta-farnesene) . In some embodiments, the first styrenic block copolymer is a linear styrene-beta-farnesene-styrene block copolymer. The middle block of polyfarnesene, in some embodiments, poly (beta-farnesene) may have a comb-like structure, with the carbon chains of farnesene extending from the polymer backbone.
[0031] In some embodiments, the second styrenic block copolymer comprises at least one of a polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer or a polystyrene-containing star block copolymer, wherein the polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer and polystyrene-containing star block copolymer independently comprise a block of at least one of polyisoprene, polybutadiene, poly (ethylene / propylene) , poly (ethylene / butylene) , or polyisobutylene. In some embodiments, the block copolymer comprises at least one of a polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer or a polystyrene-containing star block copolymer, wherein the polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer and polystyrene-containing star block copolymer independently comprise a block of at least one of polyisoprene or polybutadiene. In some embodiments, the second styrenic block copolymer comprises a styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene block copolymer.
[0032] The weight average molecular weight of at least one of the first styrenic block copolymer or the second styrenic block copolymer is often not more than 1, 200,000 grams per mole (g / mol) . In some embodiments, the weight average molecular weight is not more than 1,000,000 g / mol, 900,000 g / mol, 800,000 g / mol, 600,000 g / mol, or 500,000 g / mol. In some embodiments, the weight average molecular weight of the block copolymer is at least 75,000 g / mol, at least 100,000 g / mol, at least 200,000 g / mol, at least 300,000 g / mol, or at least 400,000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the first and second block copolymers can independently be from 75,000 g / mol to 1, 200,000 g / mol, from 100,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol, from 100,000 to 900,000 g / mol, or from 100,000 to 500,000 g / mol.
[0033] The first and second styrenic block copolymers can be present in any suitable amount in the adhesive composition. In some embodiments, the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up at least 45 percent by weight and not more than 79.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In some embodiments, the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up at least 46 or 47 percent by weight and not more than 79.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In some embodiments, the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up an amount ranging from to 45 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent, 46 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent, from 47 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent, or 49 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent.
[0034] A weight ratio of the first styrenic block copolymer to the second styrenic block copolymer is in a range from 4: 1 to 1: 4. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first styrenic block copolymer to the second styrenic block copolymer is in a range from 4: 1 to 1: 2, 3: 1 to 1: 2, 4: 1 to 1: 1, or 3: 1 to 1: 1.
[0035] In some embodiments, the adhesive composition of the present disclosure further includes an additional block copolymer that is a diblock copolymer. The diblock copolymer generally has a single polystyrene block and a single rubbery block and can be represented here by the chemical structure S-R, wherein S and R are as defined above in any of their embodiments.
[0036] The polystyrene block content in the diblock copolymer can be from 10 wt%to 50 wt%, from 10 wt%to 40 wt%, from 15 wt%to 50 wt%, from 15 wt%to 40 wt%, from 20 wt%to 50 wt%, from 20 wt%to 40 wt%, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 15 wt%, 17 wt%, 20 wt%, 22 wt%, 25 wt%, 27 wt%, 30 wt%, 32 wt%, 35 wt%, 37 wt%, or 40 wt%relative to the overall weight of the diblock copolymer. The weight average molecular weight of the diblock copolymer can be from 75,000 g / mol to 250,000 g / mol, from 100,000 g / mol to 250,000 g / mol, from 125,000 g / mol to 250,000 g / mol, or from 125,000 g / mol to 200,000 g / mol. In some embodiments, the diblock copolymer is present in an amount of from 1 wt%to 25 wt%, from 3 wt%to 15 wt%, or from 5 wt%to 10 wt%based on the total weight of the first and second styrenic block copolymers and the diblock copolymer.
[0037] Suitable materials for use as the second styrenic block copolymer alone or in combination are commercially available, for example, under the trade designation “KRATON” (e.g., “KRATON D1111” , “D1113” , “D1114” , “D1117” , “D1119” , “D1124” , “D1126” , “D1161” , “D1162” , “D1163” , “D1164” , “D1165” , D1183, D1193, D1101, D1102, D1116, D1118, D1133, D1152, D1157, D1184, D1189, D1191, “A1535” , “A1536” , “A1537” , “G1633” , “G1640” , “G1641” , “G1642” , “G1643” , “G1645” , “G1646” , “G1650” , “G1651” , “G1652” , “G1653” , “G1654” , “G1657” , “G1660” , “G1726” , “G4609” , “G4610” , “E1830” ) from Kraton Performance Polymers (Houston, TX, USA) , under the trade designation “SOLPRENE” (e.g., “SOLPRENE S-1205” ) from Dynasol (Houston, TX, USA) , under the trade designation “QUINTAC” from Zeon Chemicals (Louisville, KY, USA) , under the trade designation “SEPTON” from Kuraray (Tokyo, Japan) , under the trade designation “TUFTEC” from Asahi Kasei (Tokyo, Japan) , and under the trade designations “VECTOR” and “TAIPOL” from TSRC Corporation (New Orleans, LA, USA) .
[0038] Suitable materials for use as the second styrenic block copolymer alone or in combination are commercially available, for example, under the trade designation “SEPTON BIO-series” , for example, grades “SF-902” , “SF-903” , and “SF-904” from Kuraray Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
[0039] The adhesive composition of the present disclosure, which is included in the tape of the present disclosure, includes a tackifying resin. Tackifying resins generally refer to materials that are compatible with the first and second styrenic block copolymers and have a number average molecular weight of up to 10,000 grams per mole. Useful tackifying resins can have a softening point of at least 70 ℃, at least 80 ℃, at least 90 ℃, at least 100 ℃, or at least 110 ℃ as determined using a ring and ball apparatus and a glass transition temperature of at least -30 ℃ as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. In some embodiments, the tackifying resin has a softening point from 80 ℃ to 160 ℃, from 100 ℃ to 150 ℃, or from 115 ℃ to 145 ℃. The tackifying resins are typically amorphous. In some embodiments, the number average molecular weight of the tackifying resin is up to about 5000 grams / mole, 4000 grams / mole, 2500 grams / mole, 2000 grams / mole, or 1500 grams / mole. In some embodiments, the number average molecular weight is in the range of 200 to 5000 gram / mole, in the range of 200 to 4000 grams / mole, in the range of 200 to 2000 grams / mole, or in the range of 200 to 1500 gram / mole. Number average molecular weights are determined using gel permeation chromatography according to methods known to a person skilled in the art.
[0040] In some embodiments, the tackifying resin is bio-based. Examples of bio-based tackifying resins include comprises at least one of a rosin acid, a rosin ester, a polyterpene, a terpene phenolic resin, or an aromatic-modified terpene resin, any of which may be hydrogenated (e.g., partially or completely) . Any of these resins can be obtained from biological sources and can be bio-based as defined above. In some embodiments, the tackifying resin is a rosin acid, a rosin ester, or a polyterpene, wherein the rosin acid, the rosin ester, or the polyterpene is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated.
[0041] The term rosin, as employed herein, includes natural rosin, refined or unrefined (refined rosin will usually contain, by weight, about 90%of rosin acids and about 10%of inert material) , such as natural wood rosin, natural gum rosin, and tall oil rosin; modified rosin, refined or unrefined, such as disproportionated rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and polymerized rosin; and the pure or substantially pure acids, of which rosin is comprised, alone or in admixture. In some embodiments, the rosin includes the rosin acid C19H29COOH, in some embodiments, at least one of abietic acid, neoabietic acid, palustric acid, levopimaric acid, pimaric acid, or an isopimaric acid. In some embodiments, the rosin comprises dehydro-or hydrogenated rosin acids, for example, dehydroabietic acid, dihydroabietic acid, and tetrahydroabietic acid. Any of these acids can be esterified, for example, with triethylene glycol, glycerol, or pentaerythritol. The tackifying resin can also include a metal rosinate (sometimes referred to in the art as a metal resinate) . The metal rosinate can be metal salt (e.g., zinc, calcium, or magnesium) of any of the rosins described above.
[0042] Terpene resins useful in the adhesive composition include polyterpene homopolymers, copolymers of more than one terpene monomer, copolymers of one or more terpene monomers and one or more additional monomers, and hydrogenated products of any of these polymers. Examples of terpene monomers useful for any of these terpene resins include α-pinene, β-pinene, dipentene, and limonene. Catalyzed cationic and anionic polymerizations of terpenes are known. Monomers suitable for copolymerization with terpenes include styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, and any of the other substituted styrene monomers listed above. Copolymers of terpenes with styrene and substituted styrene monomers are referred to herein as aromatic-modified terpene resins. Further monomers suitable for copolymerization with terpenes include phenols such as phenol, cresol, and bisphenol. Copolymers of terpenes with phenolic monomers are referred to herein as terpene phenolic resins. In some embodiments, the terpene resin is an aromatic-modified terpene resin. In some embodiments, the terpene resin is a copolymer of a terpene and at least one of styrene or a substituted styrene.
[0043] In some embodiments, the tackifying resin is selected to be compatible with the rubbery block of the styrenic block copolymer. The compatibility of the tackifying resin with the rubbery block can be determined by measuring the effect of the tackifying resin on the glass transition temperature of the rubbery block. If a tackifying resin is compatible, it will generally increase the glass transition temperature of the midblock as measured by Differential Scanning calorimetry or Dynamic Mechanical Analysis.
[0044] Examples of suitable terpene resins and hydrogenated terpene resins include those available under the trade designation CLEARON (e.g., CLEARON P150 and P135) from Yasuhara Chemical Company, Ltd. in Hiroshima, Japan. Further examples of terpene resins include those available from Pinova, Brunswick, GA, under the trade designation “PICCOLYTE” in grades “A115” , “A125” , and “A135” and corresponding grades from Foreverest Resources Ltd., Fujian, China. Examples of suitable terpene phenolic resins include those available under the trade designation YS POLYSTER (e.g., POLYSTER T115, T160, T130, S145, and G150) from Yasuhara Chemical Company, Ltd. Examples of suitable aromatic-modified terpene resins include those available under the trade designations "YS RESIN TO” and “YS RESIN TR" from Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd. Examples of suitable rosins include “GA90A” , “GA100A” , “GA85HS” , “GB-120” , “GA-AT” , “KK” , “D-125” , “D135” , and “D160” from Arakawa Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and similar resins from other suppliers.
[0045] In some embodiments, the tackifying resin is present in an amount in a range from 20 percent by weight to 54.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition includes an amount of the tackifying resin ranging from 20 wt%to 54.95 wt%, 20 wt%to 53.95 wt%, 20 wt%to 52.95 wt%, 20 wt%to 50.95 wt%, 32 wt%to 50 wt%, 34 wt%to 48 wt%, 30 wt%to 40 wt%, 35 wt%to 50 wt%, 35 wt%to 54.95 wt%, or 35 weight percent to 50.95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent.
[0046] While aromatic tackifying resins may be useful in some embodiments, such as the aromatic-modified tackifying resins described above, in some embodiments, the adhesive composition of the present disclosure does not include a significant amount of aromatic resin. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition includes not more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5, or 0.1 wt%of any of these aromatic resins. In some embodiments, the adhesive is free of any one or more of these aromatic resins.
[0047] The adhesive composition of the present disclosure, which is included in the tape of the present disclosure, includes a silane coupling agent. In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent is represented by formula L- [R2Si ( (Y) 3-x (R1) x] k. In this formula, L is a tertiary amino group, a blocked amino group (e.g., an imine such as N=C (Ra) Rb in which Ra and Rb are each hydrogen or alkyl having up to four carbon atoms) , an epoxy group (i.e., ) , or a cycloaliphatic epoxy group In some embodiments, L is an epoxy group. In formula L- [R2Si ( (Y) 3-x (R1) x] k, k is typically 1, but when L is an amino group, k is 1 or 2. R2 is alkylene (e.g., having up to 8, 6, or 4 carbon atoms) optionally interrupted by at least one ether linkage. The phrase "interrupted by at least one ether linkage" refers to having part of the alkylene on either side of the ether linkage. An example of an alkylene interrupted by an ether is –CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-. In some embodiments, R2 is interrupted by one ether linkage. In some embodiments, R2 is not interrupted by an ether linkage. R1 is an alkyl group having up to 8 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, or n-octyl) or a phenyl group. In some embodiments, R1 is an alkyl group having up to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R1 is methyl or ethyl. Each Y is independently halogen (i.e., fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide) , alkoxy (i.e., –O-alkyl) , acyloxy (i.e., -OC (O) alkyl) , polyalkyleneoxy, or aryloxy (i.e., –O-aryl) . The Y groups are generally capable of hydrolyzing, for example, in the presence of water under acidic conditions to produce groups capable of undergoing a condensation reaction, for example silanol groups. In these embodiments, alkyl (e.g., in alkoxy and acyloxy) is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxy and acyloxy have up to 8, 6, 4, 3, or 2 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aryloxy has 6 to 12 (or 6 to 10) carbon atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl (e.g., having up to 4 carbon atoms) , and haloalkyl. Polyalkyleneoxy is, for example, -O- (CH (CH3) -CH2O) q'-C1-4 alkyl, -O- (CH2-CH2O) q"-C1-4 alkyl, or a combination thereof (e.g., -O- (CH (CH3) -CH2O) q'- (CH2-CH2O) q"-C1-4 alkyl with a ratio of q'to q" of 1: 1 to 1: 10) , and q', q", or q'+q" is 1 to 40 (in some embodiments, 2 to 10) . In some embodiments, each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, and acyloxy. In some embodiments, each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of halide (e.g., chloride) and alkoxy having up to ten carbon atoms. In some embodiments, each Y is independently alkoxy having from 1 to 6 (e.g., 1 to 4) carbon atoms. In some embodiments, each Y is independently methoxy or ethoxy. In formula L- [R2Si ( (Y) 3-x (R1) x] k, x is 0, 1, or 2, in some embodiments, 0 or 1. In some embodiments, x is 0, and the formula can be written as L- [R2Si (Y) 3] k or L-R2Si (Y) 3, if k is also 0.
[0048] Examples of suitable silane coupling agents include 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2- (3, 4-epoxycylohexyl) ethyl) trimethoxysilane, 2- (3, 4-epoxycylohexyl) ethyl) triethoxysilane, N, N-dimethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N, N-dimethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, (1, 3-dimethylbutylidene) aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and (1, 3-dimethylbutylidene) aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Silane coupling agents can be obtained from a variety of commercial sources such as The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, Gelest, Morrisville, PA, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, and Nanjing Capatue Chemical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China. In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent is a glycidoxyalkyl trialkoxysilane. In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent is 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
[0049] The silane coupling agent is present in an amount in a range from 0.05 percent by weight to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 weight percent to 4 weight percent, 0.1 weight percent to 3 weight percent, 0.1 weight percent to 2 weight percent, 0.2 weight percent to 1 weight percent, or 0.3 weight percent to 1 weight percent, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent.
[0050] A number of adjuvants may also be useful in the adhesive composition of the present disclosure. Examples of such adjuvants include antioxidants, such as hindered phenols, amines, sulfur and phosphorous hydroperoxide decomposers, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) ) ; inorganic fillers such as silica, talc, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and aluminum oxide; pigments; dyes; ultraviolet absorbers; hindered amine light stabilizers; and heat stabilizers. Useful commercially available antioxidants include those available from BASF, Florham Park, NJ, under the trade designations "IRGANOX" and "IRGAFOS" such as "IRGANOX 1010" and “IRGANOX 1076” , those available from Songwon Ind. Co, Ulsan, Korea, under the trade designations “SONGNOX” , and dilaurylthiodipropionate. When present, typically the antioxidant is present in the adhesive in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the first and second styrenic block copolymers.
[0051] In some embodiments, the adhesive composition further comprises a plasticizer. Examples of suitable plasticizers include esterified fatty acids and polymerized vegetable oil. Useful fatty acids may contain 6 to 30, 10 to 22, 14 to 22, or 16 to 18 carbon atoms and may be derived from a vegetable oil (e.g., sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, and soybean oil) , which is a composition comprising triple esters of fatty acids and glycerol (in other words, triglycerides) . Examples of suitable fatty acids include myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ricinoleic acid. The fatty acid may be hydrogenated or not hydrogenated. Polymerized vegetable oils, including any of those described above, can be made by heating a vegetable oil in the absence of oxygen and at a temperature above 200 ℃. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in the adhesive composition in an amount from 10 wt%to 30 wt%, 10 wt%to 20 wt%, or 10 wt%to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition is free of plasticizer. A plasticizer is not the same as a tackifying resin, which is understood by those skilled in the art. In general, the difference between a tackifier and a plasticizer is that the addition of a tackifier increases the Tg of the adhesive’s rubber phase while the addition of the plasticizer decreases the Tg of the adhesive’s rubber phase.
[0052] In some embodiments, the adhesive composition of the present disclosure is in the form of a tape. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a tape comprising the adhesive composition of the present disclosure as described above in any of its embodiments.
[0053] In some embodiments, the adhesive composition of the present disclosure is disposed on a tape backing. In some embodiments, the tape backing has first and second major surfaces, and the adhesive composition is disposed on both the first and second major surfaces of the tape backing. The adhesive composition on the first and second major surfaces can be identical or different. When the adhesive composition on the first major surface is different from the adhesive composition on the second major surface, it may be said that the adhesive composition on the first and second major surfaces is independently selected. A tape including a backing and adhesive on first and second major surfaces is commonly known as a double-coated tape.
[0054] The tape backing can be any polymeric film, paper, or a polymer-cloth laminate. Polymeric materials suitable for the backing include polyesters; polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene) ; ethyl cellulose film; cellulose esters (e.g., cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose propionate) ; polyvinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride and / or acrylonitrile polymers such as saran; vinyl chloride polymers (e.g., poly (vinyl chloride) and copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate) ; poly-l-lactic acid, polyfluoroethylenes (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene and polytrifluorochloroethylene) ; polyvinyl alcohol; polyamides such as nylon; polystyrenes such as the copolymers of styrene and isobutylene; regenerated cellulose; benzyl cellulose; cellulose nitrate; gelatin; glycol cellulose; flexible acrylate and methacrylates; urea aldehyde films; polyvinyl acetal; polyvinyl butyral. In some embodiments, the tape backing is a polymeric film comprising at least one of a polyolefin, polyester, or poly (vinyl chloride) . In some embodiments, the polymeric film backing comprises at least one of monoaxially oriented polypropylene, paper, or poly (ethylene terephthalate) . In some embodiments, the tape backing comprises at least one of paper, polyester, poly (vinyl chloride) , polypropylene, polyethylene, or poly-l-lactic acid. In some embodiments, the tape backing is made from a recycled material. In some of these embodiments, the recycled material is a polymeric film or paper as described herein in any of their embodiments.
[0055] In some embodiments, a paper backing for the tape of the present disclosure can be any suitable paper, for example, crepe paper having a weight of about 20 to 40 pounds per ream of 3000 square feet. In some embodiments, the paper is saturated with an aqueous emulsion of rubbers, for example, a mixture of carboxylated rubber latexes (e.g., carboxylated nitrile, styrene butadiene, and optionally acrylic rubber latexes) in a variety of ratios, optionally including polyethyleneglycol. Conventional additives such as pigments and antioxidants such as those described below can be included in the saturant. The aqueous saturant formulation may be 10%to 50%solids and may be applied to the paper at about 10%to 150%by weight, based on the weight of latex solids and dry paper weight. The saturated paper is typically then dried and cured at an elevated temperature up to about 180 ℃.
[0056] In some embodiments, the tape of the present disclosure includes a tissue backing. The term “tissue” as used herein refers to a backing that is made from paper and / or cellulosic fibers. Paper is traditionally regarded as a thin material produced by pressing together wet laid cellulose fibers from a water suspension and drying them. The fibers in paper are typically short and refined, and drying them together is generally believed to create a hydrogen-bonded sheet. In some embodiments, tissue has greater than 50%, 60%, or 70%by weight of its fibrous content made up of fibers with a length to diameter ratio less than 300. Fiber length to diameter ratios can be measured according to TAPPI T 401 Fiber Analysis of the tissue support as manufactured before the adhesive composition is disposed on its surface. Fiber length to diameter ratios can also be measured with microscopes or stereoscopes using calibrated oculars or rulers. In some embodiments, a tissue backing is not engineered to a level of structural integrity by physical and / or chemical means other than hydrogen bonding.
[0057] Tissue backings useful for the tape of the present disclosure can have a variety of basis weights. In some embodiments, the tissue support has a basis weight in a range from 7 grams per square meter to 26 grams per square meter, corresponding to 4.3 pounds per ream to 16 pounds per ream. In some embodiments, the tissue support has a basis weight in a range from 10 grams per square meter to 26 grams per square meter, 10 grams per square meter to 20 grams per square meter, 7 grams per square meter to 20 grams per square meter, or 8 grams per square meter to 16 grams per square meter. These values are the basis weights of the tissue support as manufactured before either of the first or second pressure-sensitive adhesive is disposed on the first or second face.
[0058] In some embodiments, the tape backing, which in some embodiments is a polymer film backing, is surface treated before the adhesive is applied. Useful surface treatments include electrical discharge in the presence of a suitable reactive or non-reactive atmosphere (e.g., plasma, glow discharge, corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge or atmospheric pressure discharge) , ultraviolet light exposure, electron beam exposure, flame discharge, and scuffing. The surface treatment can be applied as the backing is being made or in a separate process. In some embodiments, the polymer film backing is surface treated using corona discharge. An example of a useful corona discharge process is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,176 (Kirk et al. ) .
[0059] In some embodiments, the tape of the present disclosure includes a release liner. The adhesive composition can be disposed on a release liner or between two release liners. The tape in these embodiments can be referred to as an adhesive transfer tape. In other embodiments, the release liner is disposed on the tape on a surface opposite the backing. Various release liners may be useful. In some embodiments, the release liner comprises at least one of a polyester film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyolefin coated polymer film, polyolefin coated paper, acrylic coated polymer film, and polymer coated kraft paper. The polyolefin coated film or paper may be polyethylene coated film or paper. In some embodiments, the release liner is coated on at least one of its major surfaces with a release coating. In some embodiments both major surfaces of the release liner are coated with a release coating. In this case, the release coating may the same or different on each of the major surfaces of the release liner. Examples of materials useful as release coatings for the release liners disclosed herein include acrylics, silicones, siloxanes, fluoropolymers, and urethanes. In some embodiments, a silicone coating is useful for facilitating release of the pressure sensitive adhesive.
[0060] The release liner may be produced using a variety of processing techniques. For example, liner processing techniques such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 2013 / 0059105 (Wright et al. ) may be useful to produce a release liner suitable for practicing the present disclosure. A suitable liner processing technique may include applying a layer comprising a (meth) acrylate-functional siloxane to a major surface of a substrate and irradiating that layer in a substantially inert atmosphere comprising no greater than 500 ppm oxygen with a short wavelength polychromatic ultraviolet light source having at least one peak intensity at a wavelength of from about 160 nanometers to about 240 nanometers. Irradiating can at least partially cure the layer. In some embodiments, the layer is cured at a curing temperature greater than 25 ℃. The layer may be at a temperature of at least 50 ℃, 60 ℃ 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 125 ℃, or at least 150 ℃, in some embodiments, no more than 250 ℃, 225 ℃, 200 ℃, 190 ℃, 180 ℃, 170 ℃, 160 ℃, or 155 ℃.
[0061] In some embodiments, the adhesive composition of the present disclosure comprises solvent The solvent can be water or an organic solvent. Common organic solvents include aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane, heptane, and cyclohexane) , hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylenes, and d-limonene) ; acyclic and cyclic ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone, pentanone, hexanone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone) ; ethers (e.g., diethyl ether, glyme, diglyme, diisopropyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran) , esters (e.g., ethyl acetate and butyl acetate) , sulfoxides (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide) , amides (e.g., N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) , halogenated solvents (e.g., methylchloroform, 1, 1, 2-trichloro-1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane, trichloroethylene, and trifluorotoluene) , and alcoholic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or propanol such as isopropanol) . When the adhesive composition comprises solvent, the solvent is typically present in an amount of at least 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition comprising solvent is applied to a tape backing or release liner as described above in any of their embodiments. The solvent is then typically removed by at least one of drying, evaporation, heating, or reduced pressure.
[0062] In some embodiments, the adhesive composition is prepared using a hot melt process. Useful hot melt processes include hot melt mixing and melt extruding. Various components of the adhesive may be added in various zones of an extruder, if desired. U.S. Pat. No. 5,539,033 (Bredahl et al. ) , for example, describes a continuous compounding device and hot melt processing techniques. The continuous compounding device has a sequence of alternating conveying and processing zones. An elastomer can be continuously conveyed from one zone to another by the device. The processing zones are capable of masticating an elastomer and of mixing additives into an elastomer. The adhesive composition can be applied to a moving web of a backing, for example, directly from the compounding device so as to provide a continuous method for the manufacture of a tape. The backing may be as described above in any of its embodiments. In some embodiments, hot melt processing of the adhesive, including applying the adhesive as a hot melt onto a tape backing to provide a tape, is carried out in a range from 150 ℃ to 210 ℃, 160 ℃ to 200 ℃, or 150 ℃ to 180 ℃.
[0063] In some embodiments, the adhesive of the present disclosure is essentially free of volatile organic solvent. Volatile organic solvents are typically those have a boiling point of up to 150 ℃ at atmospheric pressure. The adhesive can be essentially free of any of the solvents described above. “Essentially free of volatile organic solvent” can mean that volatile organic solvent may be present (e.g., from a previous synthetic step or in a commercially available component) in an amount of up to 2.5 (in some embodiments, up to 2, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01) wt%, based on the total weight of the adhesive. Solvent can be removed from the adhesive composition after applying it to a backing using the methods described above, or the adhesive composition may be applied as a hot melt. It should be understood that solvent is not required in the adhesive composition of the present disclosure. Thus, the phrase “excluding solvent” does not mean that solvent is necessarily present. The phrase “excluding solvent” can also be written “excluding any solvent that may be present” . Also, the phrase “based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent” may be replaced with the phrase “based on the total weight of solids (i.e., non-solvent components) of the adhesive composition” . The adhesive composition may be 100%solids.
[0064] Radiation-crosslinking (e.g., by electron beam or ultraviolet radiation) can enhance, for example, the cohesive strength of an adhesive. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition is crosslinked. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition is not crosslinked.
[0065] In some embodiments, the adhesive composition is present on the tape backing in a range from 20 grams per square meter (gsm) to 150 gsm. Useful amounts of adhesive can be, for example, 20 gsm to 60 gsm, 20 gsm to 40 gsm, or 40 gsm to 60 gsm for paper and polymer film backings. Typically, these weights refer to the weight of the adhesive composition after any solvent has been removed such that it is essentially free of volatile organic solvent. The tape of the present disclosure can have a wide variety of widths. Useful widths can include between 0.25 inches (0.635 cm) and 85 inches (216 cm) in width. In some embodiments, the width of the tape is at least 2.5 cm or at least 5 cm. In some embodiments, the width of the tape is at most 75 cm (29.5 inches) , 45 cm (17.7 inches) , 30.5 cm (12 inches) , or 10 cm (3.9 inches) .
[0066] As shown in the Examples, below, the inclusion of the silane coupling agent in the adhesive composition of the present disclosure improves the static shear performance at 70 ℃. As shown in Table 2, below, the static shear of a composition including the first styrenic block copolymer was improved from a few hundred minutes to over 10,000 minutes while keeping the same peel adhesion level on stainless steel. Also, as shown in the Examples below, the adhesive composition of the present disclosure has unexpectedly better adhesion to tape backings than comparative adhesive compositions in which the only rubber is a polyfarnesene block copolymer. As shown in Table 4, below, a composition including only the first styrenic block copolymer has lower adhesive to a PET backing both for corona treated or non-corona treated PET than the adhesive composition of the present disclosure including both first and second styrenic block copolymers. In a static shear test, the failure mode was adhesive failure between the adhesive and the backing from carrier. As shown in Table 4, below, the static shear of a composition including the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer was improved from less than 3000 minutes to over 10,000 minutes while keeping the same peel adhesion level on stainless steel.
[0067] Adhesive compositions and tapes of the present disclosure are useful, for example, for bonding a first substrate to a second substrate to provide a bonded article. Many types of substrates may be bonded with compositions of the present disclosure such as metal (e.g., stainless steel or aluminum) , glass (e.g., which may be coated with indium tin oxide) , a polymer (e.g., a plastic, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, or thermoset) , or a composite. A composite material may be made from any two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. When the constituents are combined to make a composite, a material having characteristics different from the individual components is typically achieved. Some examples of useful composites include fiber-reinforced polymers (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced epoxies and glass-reinforced plastic) ; metal matrix compositions, and ceramic matrix composites. Useful polymeric substrates that can be bonded include polymers such as polyolefins (polypropylene, polyethylene, high density polyethylene, blends of polypropylene) , polyamide 6 (PA6) , polyamide 6, 6, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) , polycarbonate (PC) , PC / ABS blends, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyamide (PA) , polyurethane (PUR) , thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) , polyoxymethylene (POM) , polystyrene, poly (methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyetheretherketone (PEEK) , polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) , liquid-crystal polymer LCP) , and combinations thereof. The substrate may also include a metal coating on such polymers. The composition of the present disclosure can be useful, for example, for bonding electronic articles and components and camera modules in such components.
[0068] The present disclosure provides of process of using the adhesive composition or tape of the present disclosure. The process includes applying the tape to a surface and exposing the surface to a temperature of at least 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, or 100 ℃ and up to 110 ℃ or higher. In some embodiments, the surface comprises at least one of glass, steel, a polymer, or a composite. The present disclosure provides the use of the adhesive composition or tape of the present disclosure at a temperature of at least 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, or 100 ℃ and up to 110 ℃ or higher.
[0069] Some Embodiments of the Disclosure
[0070] In a first embodiment, the present disclosure provides an adhesive composition comprising:
[0071] a first styrenic block copolymer comprising a styrenic block and a bio-based block, wherein the bio-based block is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated;
[0072] a second styrenic block copolymer comprising at least one of a polybutadiene block or a polyisoprene block, wherein the polybutadiene block or the polyisoprene block is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated;
[0073] a bio-based tackifying resin; and
[0074] a silane coupling agent,
[0075] wherein the silane coupling agent is present in an amount in a range from 0.05 percent by weight to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent, and wherein a ratio of the first styrenic block copolymer to the second styrenic block copolymer is in a range from 4: 1 to 1: 4. In a second embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of the first embodiment, wherein the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up at least 45 percent by weight and not more than 79.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In a third embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of the first or second embodiment, wherein the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up at least 46 or 47 percent by weight and not more than 79.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In a fourth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to third embodiments, wherein the bio-based tackifying resin is present in an amount in a range from 20 percent by weight to 54.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In a fifth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to fourth embodiments, wherein the bio-based block makes up at least 40 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the first styrenic block copolymer. In a sixth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to fifth embodiments, wherein the bio-based block has a glass transition temperature of not more than 0 ℃. In a seventh embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to sixth embodiments, wherein the bio-based block comprises a polyfarnesene. In an eighth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to seventh embodiments, wherein the bio-based tackifying resin comprises at least one of a rosin acid, a rosin ester, a polyterpene, a terpene phenolic resin, or an aromatic-modified terpene resin, any of which may be hydrogenated.
[0076] In a ninth embodiment, the present disclosure provides an adhesive composition comprising:
[0077] a first styrenic block copolymer comprising a styrenic block and a polyfarnesene block, wherein the polyfarnesene block is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated;
[0078] a second styrenic block copolymer comprising at least one of a polybutadiene block or a polyisoprene block, wherein the polybutadiene block or the polyisoprene block is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated;
[0079] a tackifying resin comprising at least one of a rosin acid, a rosin ester, a polyterpene, a terpene phenolic resin, or an aromatic-modified terpene resin, wherein the tackifying resin is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated; and
[0080] a silane coupling agent,
[0081] wherein the silane coupling agent is present in an amount in a range from 0.05 percent by weight to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent, and wherein a weight ratio of the first styrenic block copolymer to the second styrenic block copolymer is in a range from 4: 1 to 1: 4. In a tenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of the ninth embodiment, wherein the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up at least 45 percent by weight and not more than 79.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In an eleventh embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of the ninth or tenth embodiment, wherein the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up at least 46 or 47 percent by weight and not more than 79.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In a twelfth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the ninth to eleventh embodiments, wherein the tackifying resin is present in an amount in a range from 20 percent by weight to 54.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In a thirteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the ninth to twelfth embodiments, wherein the polyfarnesene block makes up at least 40 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the first styrenic block copolymer. In a fourteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the ninth to thirteenth embodiments, wherein the polyfarnesene block has a glass transition temperature of not more than 0 ℃.
[0082] In a fifteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to fourteenth embodiments, wherein the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up an amount ranging from to 45 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent, 46 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent, from 47 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent, or 49 weight percent to 79.95 weight percent; wherein the tackifying resin is present in an amount ranging from 20 weight percent to 54.95 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 53.95 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 52.95 weight percent, 20 weight percent to 50.95 weight percent, or 35 weight percent to 50.95 weight percent; and wherein the silane coupling agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.05 weight percent to 5 weight percent, from 0.1 weight percent to 4 weight percent, 0.1 weight percent to 3 weight percent, 0.1 weight percent to 2 weight percent, 0.2 weight percent to 1 weight percent, or 0.3 weight percent to 1 weight percent, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent. In a sixteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to fifteenth embodiments, wherein the second styrenic block copolymer comprises at least one of a polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer or a polystyrene-containing star block copolymer, wherein the polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer and polystyrene-containing star block copolymer independently comprise a block of at least one of polyisoprene, polybutadiene, ethylene / butylene, or ethylene / propylene. In a seventeenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to sixteenth embodiments, wherein the second styrenic block copolymer is a styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene block copolymer. In an eighteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to seventeenth embodiments, wherein the silane coupling agent is represented by formula: L- [R2Si ( (Y) 3-x (R1) x] k
[0083] wherein
[0084] each Y is independently halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, or aryloxy;
[0085] L is an epoxy group, a cycloaliphatic epoxy group, a tertiary amino group, or a blocked amino group;
[0086] R1 is an alkyl group having up to 8 carbon atoms or a phenyl group;
[0087] R2 is alkylene optionally interrupted by at least one ether linkage;
[0088] x is 0 or 1 or 2; and
[0089] k is 1, with the proviso that when L is a tertiary amino group, k is 1 or 2.
[0090] In a nineteenth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of the eighteenth embodiment, wherein L is an epoxy. In a twentieth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to nineteenth embodiments, wherein the silane coupling agent is a glycidoxyalkyl trialkoxysilane. In a twenty-first embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of the twentieth embodiment, wherein the silane coupling agent is glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane. In a twenty-second embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to twenty-first embodiments, further comprising a plasticizer. In a twenty-third embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to twenty-second embodiments, wherein the adhesive composition is a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition. In a twenty-fourth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to twenty-third embodiments, wherein at least 50 percent by weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent is composed of bio-based components.
[0091] In a twenty-fifth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of any one of the first to twenty-fourth embodiments in the form of a tape. This embodiment can also be referred to as a tape comprising the adhesive composition of the any one of the first to twenty-fourth embodiments. In a twenty-sixth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the adhesive composition of the any one of the first to twenty-fifth embodiments, disposed on a tape backing. This embodiment can also be referred to as a tape comprising the adhesive composition of the any one of the first to twenty-fifth embodiments disposed on a tape backing. In a twenty-seventh embodiment, the present disclosure provides the tape of the twenty-sixth embodiment, wherein the backing comprises paper, polyester, poly (vinyl chloride) , polypropylene, polyethylene, or poly-l-lactic acid. In a twenty-eighth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the tape of the twenty-sixth or twenty-seventh embodiments, wherein the tape backing comprises a tissue backing. In a twenty-ninth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the tape of any one of the twenty-sixth to twenty-eighth embodiments, wherein the tape backing comprises a recycled polymer film. In a thirtieth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the tape of any one of the twenty-fifth to twenty-ninth embodiments, further comprising a release liner on a surface of the adhesive composition. In a thirty-first embodiment, the present disclosure provides the tape of any one of the twenty-sixth to twenty-ninth embodiments, further comprising a release liner on a surface of the adhesive composition opposite the tape backing. In a thirty-second embodiment, the present disclosure provides the tape of any one of the twenty-sixth to thirty-first embodiments, wherein the tape backing has first and second major surfaces, and wherein the adhesive composition is disposed on both the first and second major surfaces of the tape backing.
[0092] In a thirty-third embodiment, the present disclosure provides a process of making a bonded article comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, the process comprising:
[0093] applying the adhesive composition or tape of any one of the first to thirty-second embodiments onto at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate; and
[0094] adhering the first substrate and the second substrate using the adhesive composition to make the bonded article. In a thirty-fourth embodiment, the present disclosure provides a process of using the adhesive composition or tape of any one of the first to thirty-second embodiments, the process comprising applying the tape to a surface and exposing the surface to a temperature of at least 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, or 100 ℃. In a thirty-fifth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the process of the thirty-third or thirty-fourth embodiment, wherein the surface or at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate comprises at least one of glass, metal, a polymer, or a composite thereof. In a thirty-sixth embodiment, the present disclosure provides the use of the adhesive composition of any one of the first to twenty-fourth embodiments or the tape of any one of the of any one of the twenty-fifth to thirty-second embodiments at a temperature of at least 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, or 100 ℃.
[0095] Embodiments of the compositions and methods disclosed herein are further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this invention.
[0096] EXAMPLES
[0097] Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, ratios, etc. in the Examples and the rest of the specification are by weight. The following abbreviations are used in this section: kg = kilogram, cm = centimeter, mm = millimeter, m = meter, in. = inch, mL = milliliter, ℃ = degrees Celsius, °F = degrees Fahrenheit, RH = relative humidity, g = gram, s = second, gsm = grams per square meter, Phr = parts per hundred, N = Newtons, and min = minute.
[0098] Table 1: Materials List
[0099] TEST METHODS
[0100] 180-degree Peel Force Test
[0101] Peel forces of samples on stainless steel (SS) plates were tested according to ASTM D3330 / D3330M. The test was conducted on an Instron at a peel rate of 12 in. (30.48 cm) / minute. SS plates were brand new, and a protective film was revealed to expose the fresh surface for testing. A test specimen was prepared by rolling down a 1-in. by 8-in. (2.54-cm by 20.32-cm) strip of adhesive tape onto the test plates using 2 passes of a 1-kg rubber roller. The test specimen was dwelled at 23 ℃, 50%RH for 20 minutes and 72 hours before peel testing.
[0102] Static Shear Test with 1-Kilogram weight at 70 ℃
[0103] The static shear of an adhesive was determined according to ASTM D3654, using a 1000-g load inside an oven set at 70 ℃. A test specimen was prepared by laminating a 1-in. by 1-in. (2.54-cm x 2.54-cm) piece of adhesive or tape on a SS panel cleaned by IPA. The time for the weight to pull the adhesive away from panel in minutes was recorded. If no failure was observed after 10,000 minutes, the test was stopped and a value of greater than (>) 10,000 minutes was recorded.
[0104] 2-Bond Test at Room Temperature
[0105] 2-bond strength to the backing was determined according to ASTM D3330 / D3330M. SS plates were brand new, and a protective film was revealed to expose the fresh surface for testing. A test specimen was prepared by rolling down a 1-in. by 4-in. (2.54-cm by 10.16-cm) strip of adhesive tape onto the test plates using 2 passes of a 1-kg rubber roller. The liner was removed, and then the adhesive was laminated onto a 1 / 2-in. by 8-in. (1.27-cm by 20.32-cm) piece of “3M PERFORMANCE FLATBACK TAPE 2525” tape onto the tape backing using 2 passes of a 1-kg rubber roller. After a 30-minute dwell at RT, peel testing was conduct on an Instron at a peel rate of 12 (30.48 cm) / minute at the test angle of 90°. The peel force was recorded as the 2-bond value (failure mode should be adhesive being peeled off from backing.
[0106] Illustrative Examples 1 to 6 (I.E. 1 to 6) and Control Examples A and B (C.E. A and B)
[0107] Adhesive compositions for I.E. 1 to 5, C.E. A, and C.E. B are given in Table 2. The first styrenic block copolymer, the tackifying resin, and the silane coupling agent were dissolved in 150 grams of cyclohexane at 40%solids in a roller mixer for 24 hours. The adhesive compositions were coated at 50 micrometers on a PET release liner. The samples were kept at room temperature for 24 hours before testing.
[0108] Table 2. I.E. 1 to 5, C.E. A, and C.E. B Compositions and Testing
[0109] Examples 1 to 4 (Ex. 1 to 4) and Illustrative Examples 7 to 10 (I.E. 7 to 10)
[0110] The first and second styrenic block copolymers, the tackifying resin, and the silane coupling agent were dissolved in 150 grams of cyclohexane at 40%solids in a roller mixer for 24 hours. The adhesive compositions were coated at 50 micrometers on both sides of the PET backings to make a double coated tape. The samples were kept at room temperature for 24 hours before testing. Adhesive compositions for Ex. 1 to 4 and I.E. 7 to 10 are given in Table 3, below.
[0111] Table 3. Examples 1 to 4 (Ex. 1 to 4) and Illustrative Examples 7 to 10 (I.E. 7 to 10) Compositions
[0112] The 180-degree Peel Test, the Static Shear Test, and the 2-Bond Test were carried out on adhesive compositions Ex. 1 to 4 and I.E. 7 to 10 according to the test methods described above. The results are shown in Table 4, below. “2-bond” failure refers to adhesive failure between the adhesive and the backing.
[0113] Table 4. Ex. 1 to 4 and I.E. 7 to 10 Test results
[0114] Various modifications and alterations of this disclosure may be made by those skilled the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure, and it should be understood that this invention is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth herein.
Claims
1.An adhesive composition comprising:a first styrenic block copolymer comprising a styrenic block and a bio-based block, wherein the bio-based block is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated;a second styrenic block copolymer comprising at least one of a polybutadiene block or a polyisoprene block, wherein the polybutadiene block or the polyisoprene block is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated;a bio-based tackifying resin; anda silane coupling agent,wherein the silane coupling agent is present in an amount in a range from 0.05 percent by weight to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent, and wherein a weight ratio of the first styrenic block copolymer to the second styrenic block copolymer is in a range from 4: 1 to 1: 4.2.The adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the first styrenic block copolymer and the second styrenic block copolymer together make up at least 45 percent by weight and not more than 79.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent.3.The adhesive composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the bio-based tackifying resin is present in an amount in a range from 20 percent by weight to 54.95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition excluding solvent.4.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bio-based block comprises a polyfarnesene.5.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bio-based block makes up at least 40 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the first styrenic block copolymer.6.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second styrenic block copolymer comprises at least one of a polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer or a polystyrene-containing star block copolymer, wherein the polystyrene-containing triblock copolymer and polystyrene-containing star block copolymer independently comprise a block of at least one of polyisoprene, polybutadiene, ethylene / butylene, or ethylene / propylene.7.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second styrenic block copolymer is a styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene block copolymer.8.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bio-based tackifying resin comprises at least one of a rosin acid, a rosin ester, a polyterpene, a terpene phenolic resin, or an aromatic-modified terpene resin, wherein the bio-based tackifying resin is hydrogenated or not hydrogenated.9.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the silane coupling agent is represented by formula: L- [R2Si ( (Y) 3-x (R1) x] kwhereineach Y is independently halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, or aryloxy;L is an epoxy group, a cycloaliphatic epoxy group, a tertiary amino group, or a blocked amino group;R1 is an alkyl group having up to 8 carbon atoms or a phenyl group;R2 is alkylene optionally interrupted by at least one ether linkage;x is 0 or 1 or 2; andk is 1, with the proviso that when L is a tertiary amino group, k is 1 or 2.10.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the silane coupling agent is a glycidoxyalkyl trialkoxysilane.11.The adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a plasticizer.12.A tape comprising the adhesive composition of any one of claims 1 to 11.13.The tape of claim 12, wherein the adhesive composition is on a backing.14.The tape of claim 13, wherein the backing comprises at least one paper, polyester, poly (vinyl chloride) , polypropylene, polyethylene, or poly-l-lactic acid.15.The tape of any one of claims 12 to 14, further comprising a release liner on a surface of the adhesive composition.
Citation Information
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