Data processing method, apparatus, and system

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application disclose a data processing method, an apparatus, and a system. A host-side chip supports multiple FEC methods for performing data processing on data, and specifically determines an FEC method for data processing on the basis of the type of an optical module connected to the host-side chip. For example, if the type of the optical module is LPO, NPO or CPO, the host-side chip uses a first FEC method for data processing. For another example, if the type of the optical module is a normal optical module, the host-side chip uses a second FEC method for data processing. That is to say, in the present application, the FEC method used by the host-side chip can be flexibly selected on the basis of the type of the optical module, facilitating configuration of a corresponding FEC method in a targeted manner on the basis of the actual bit error performance of the optical module, thereby ensuring both the transmission efficiency and reliability in various scenarios without requiring additional hardware implementation.

Description

Data processing method, device and system

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on January 16, 2024, with application number 202410066220.8 and invention name “A Data Processing Method, Device and System”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of data communications, and in particular to a data processing method, device, and system. Background Art

[0003] Power consumption is closely linked to the cost of communications network equipment. Reducing the energy consumption per bit of transmission is a long-standing goal, and new improvements are constantly being made as technology advances. In Ethernet optical transmission, the power consumption of conventional optical modules currently used is significant. To further reduce this power consumption, a new technology called linear pluggable optics (LPO) modules has been proposed.

[0004] Compared to conventional optical modules, LPO removes the power-intensive digital processing functions and instead performs the necessary digital processing within the main chip, significantly reducing the overall power consumption of the transmission system and lowering the cost of the LPO module. While LPO significantly reduces power consumption, the trade-off is that the system's bit error performance is lower than that of conventional optical modules. Increased bit errors make it more likely that erroneous data frames will be received, requiring more retransmissions and reducing transmission reliability and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a data processing method, device and system. The host-side chip supports multiple FEC methods for data processing. The FEC method adopted by the host-side chip can be flexibly selected based on the type of optical module, so that the corresponding FEC method can be configured according to the actual error performance of the optical module, thereby ensuring the efficiency and reliability of data transmission in various scenarios.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which is applied to a sending device. Specifically, the type of the optical module connected to the host side chip is first obtained. Then, the forward error correction (FEC) method for data processing of the data to be sent is determined according to the type of the optical module. If the type of the optical module is a linear drive pluggable optics (linear pluggable optics or linear-drive pluggable optics, LPO) module, a near package optics (near package optics, NPO) module or a co-packaged optics (co-packaged optics, CPO), the host side chip uses a first FEC method to process the data to be sent.

[0007] In this embodiment, the host side chip supports a variety of FEC modes for processing data, and the FEC mode for data processing is determined specifically according to the type of optical module connected to the host side chip. For example, if the optical module type is LPO, NPO or CPO, the host side chip adopts a first FEC mode for data processing. For another example, if the optical module type is an ordinary optical module, the host side chip adopts a second FEC mode for data processing. In other words, the present application can flexibly select the FEC mode adopted by the host side chip based on the type of optical module, so as to facilitate the targeted configuration of the corresponding FEC mode according to the actual error performance of the optical module, so that the efficiency and reliability of transmission can be guaranteed in various scenarios without the need for additional hardware implementation.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip employing the first FEC method to process the data to be transmitted includes employing a multi-codeword interleaving FEC method to process the data to be transmitted. It should be understood that increasing the codeword interleaving depth can better combat burst errors and ensure data transmission reliability.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the multi-way interleaved FEC method is a 2-way codeword interleaved FEC method, a 4-way codeword interleaved FEC method, or an 8-way codeword interleaved FEC method, which expands the implementation scenario of this solution.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip processing the data to be transmitted using the first FEC mode includes encoding the data to be transmitted using the first FEC code type. It should be understood that flexibly adjusting the FEC code type based on actual conditions can better adapt to the needs of different scenarios. For example, in scenarios with good link quality, adjusting the FEC code type can reduce transmission latency.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the first FEC code type is Reed-Solomon (RS) (544, 514) or RS (528, 514), which enriches the implementation of this solution.

[0012] In some possible implementations, if the optical module is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the method further includes initiating auto-negotiation with the receiving device to instruct the host-side chip of the receiving device to use the first FEC method for processing received data. In other words, if the host-side chip of the transmitting device determines the first FEC method for processing the data to be transmitted, the transmitting device auto-negotiates with the receiving device to cause the receiving device to also use the first FEC method for processing the received data, thereby facilitating the receiving device to better recover data from the transmitting device.

[0013] In some possible implementations, performing auto-negotiation with a receiving device includes sending a link codeword to the receiving device, where the link codeword includes an indication field for instructing a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using a first FEC method. This embodiment provides a specific implementation of auto-negotiation and has good practicality.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a basic page and / or an added page in a link codeword, which improves the feasibility of the solution.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in the FEC capability area of ​​the base page.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the rate of sending the link codeword is 106.25 / X gigabits per second (Gbps), where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0017] In some possible implementations, if the optical module is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the method further includes: initiating link training on the receiving device to instruct the host-side chip of the receiving device to use the first FEC method for processing received data. In other words, if the host-side chip of the transmitting device determines the first FEC method for processing the data to be transmitted, the transmitting device performs link training with the receiving device to cause the receiving device to also use the first FEC method for processing the received data, thereby facilitating the receiving device to better recover data from the transmitting device.

[0018] In some possible implementations, performing link training with a receiving device includes sending a training frame to the receiving device, the training frame including an indication field for instructing a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using a first FEC method. This embodiment provides a specific implementation of link training and has good practicality.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a parameter update region, a status reporting region, a control region and / or a status region in a training frame, thereby improving the feasibility of the solution.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: receiving auto-negotiation or link training initiated by a receiving device, wherein the type of the receiving optical module connected to the receiving host-side chip of the receiving device is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, and the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the receiving device is used to instruct the host-side chip to use a first FEC method to process the data to be transmitted. In other words, the auto-negotiation or link training between the transmitting device and the receiving device is mutual, and the local end can determine the FEC method to be used based on the type of optical module used by itself and the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the other end, so that both the transmitting and receiving ends can select a more appropriate FEC method.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: if the host side chip is connected to a common optical module, the host side chip uses a second FEC method to process the data to be sent, and the common optical module is not an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip adopting the second FEC method to process the data to be transmitted includes: the host-side chip adopting an FEC method without codeword interleaving to process the data to be transmitted.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip adopting the second FEC mode to process the data to be sent includes: the host-side chip adopting the second FEC code type to encode the data to be sent.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip sends data to the optical module through one channel.

[0026] In some possible implementations, a host-side chip transmits N data channels to an optical module via N channels, where N is an integer greater than 1. The host-side chip processes the data to be transmitted using a first FEC method, including: the host-side chip processes data channel a of the N data channels to be transmitted using the first FEC method, where 1≤a≤N. The method further includes: the host-side chip processes data channel b of the N data channels to be transmitted using a second FEC method, where N=a+b.

[0027] In some possible implementations, the channel is an attachment unit interface (AUI) or a common electrical interface (CEI).

[0028] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: receiving c-path data sent by the receiving end host side chip of the receiving device after data processing using a first FEC method, where c≥1; and / or receiving d-path data sent by the receiving end host side chip of the receiving device after data processing using a second FEC method, where d≥1.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the rate of each channel of data to be sent by the host-side chip is 100 Gbps.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the optical module is an LPO module, and the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is connected to the receiving-end optical module of the LPO module. The method further includes: receiving data sent by the receiving-end host-side chip after data processing using a first FEC method. Alternatively, the optical module is an LPO module, and the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is connected to the receiving-end optical module of a conventional optical module. The method further includes: receiving data sent by the receiving-end host-side chip after data processing using a second FEC method.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip sends N channels of data to the optical module through N channels, where the optical module is an LPO module, the N channels are CEI, and N=2, 4, 8, or 16. The host-side chip processes the data to be transmitted using a first FEC method, including: the host-side chip processes the N channels of data to be transmitted using the first FEC method.

[0032] In some possible implementations, the receiving device includes N receiving-end host-side chips, each of which is connected to an LPO optical module. The method further includes receiving N data paths transmitted by the N receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a first FEC method. Alternatively, the receiving device includes N receiving-end host-side chips, each of which is connected to a conventional optical module. The method further includes receiving N data paths transmitted by the N receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a second FEC method.

[0033] In some possible implementations, a host-side chip transmits N data channels to an optical module via N channels, where the optical module is an LPO module, and N = 2, 4, 8, or 16. The host-side chip processes the data to be transmitted using a first FEC method, including: the host-side chip processes M data channels of the N data channels to be transmitted using the first FEC method, where 1 ≤ M < N. The method further includes: the host-side chip processes NM data channels of the N data channels to be transmitted using a second FEC method.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the receiving device includes N receiving-end host-side chips, the receiving-end optical module connected to the M receiving-end host-side chips is an LPO module, and the receiving-end optical module connected to the NM receiving-end host-side chips is a common optical module. The method further includes: receiving M channels of data respectively transmitted by the M receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a first FEC method; and receiving NM channels of data respectively transmitted by the NM receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a second FEC method.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the transmission rate of each of the N channels is 100 Gbps.

[0036] In a second aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which is applied to a transmitting device. Specifically, a host-side chip in the transmitting device is connected to a conventional optical module. Based on the conventional optical module, the FEC method used by the host-side chip to process the data to be transmitted can be determined. Furthermore, an auto-negotiation or link sequence is initiated to the receiving device to instruct the receiving device to process the received data using the FEC method.

[0037] In this embodiment, the sending device determines the FEC method for processing the data to be sent based on the ordinary optical module used, and initiates self-negotiation or link training to the receiving device, so that the receiving device also uses the FEC method to process the received data, which is beneficial for the receiving device to better recover the data from the sending device.

[0038] In some possible implementations, initiating auto-negotiation to the receiving device includes sending a link codeword to the receiving device, where the link codeword includes an indication field for instructing a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using the FEC method.

[0039] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a base page and / or an incremental page in a link codeword.

[0040] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in the FEC capability area of ​​the base page.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending link codewords is 106.25 / X Gbps, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0042] In some possible implementations, initiating link training to the receiving device includes: sending a training frame to the receiving device, where the training frame includes an indication field, and the indication field is used to instruct a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using the FEC method.

[0043] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a parameter update region, a status reporting region, a control region and / or a status region in a training frame.

[0044] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

[0045] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: receiving auto-negotiation or link training initiated by a receiving device, wherein the type of the receiving-end optical module connected to the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is an ordinary optical module, and the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the receiving device is used to instruct the host-side chip to use the FEC method to process the data to be sent.

[0046] In a third aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which is applied to a receiving device. Specifically, the method receives an auto-negotiation or link training message initiated by a transmitting device. Based on the auto-negotiation or link training message, the host-side chip determines the FEC mode for processing the received data. Furthermore, a feedback message is sent to the transmitting device, indicating the FEC mode.

[0047] In this embodiment, the receiving device can determine the FEC method used by the host-side chip to process the received data based on the self-negotiation or link training initiated by the sending device, so that the receiving device can use the same FEC method as the sending device to process the received data, which is conducive to the receiving device to better recover the data from the sending device.

[0048] In some possible implementations, receiving the auto-negotiation initiated by the sending device includes: receiving a first link codeword sent by the sending device, the first link codeword including a first indication field. Determining, based on the auto-negotiation, an FEC mode for data processing by the host-side chip for received data includes: determining the FEC mode based on the first indication field.

[0049] In some possible implementations, the first indication field is located in a base page and / or an added page in the first link codeword.

[0050] In some possible implementations, the first indication field is located in the FEC capability area of ​​the base page in the first link codeword.

[0051] In some possible implementations, sending the feedback message to the sending device includes: sending a second link codeword to the sending device, where the second link codeword includes a second indication field, and the second indication field is used to indicate an FEC mode.

[0052] In some possible implementations, the second indication field is located in a base page and / or an added page in the second link codeword.

[0053] In some possible implementations, the second indication field is located in an ACK region of a base page in the second link codeword, and / or the second indication field is located in an ACK region of an added page in the second link codeword.

[0054] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the first link codeword is 106.25 / X Gbps, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0055] In some possible implementations, receiving link training initiated by a transmitting device includes: receiving a first training frame sent by the transmitting device, the first training frame including a third indication field. Determining, based on the link training, an FEC mode for data processing by a host-side chip for received data includes: determining the FEC mode based on the third indication field.

[0056] In some possible implementations, the third indication field is located in a parameter update area, a status reporting area, a control area and / or a status area in the first training frame.

[0057] In some possible implementations, sending the feedback message to the sending device includes: sending a second training frame to the sending device, where the second training frame includes a fourth indication field, and the fourth indication field is used to indicate an FEC mode.

[0058] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the first training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

[0059] In some possible implementations, if the type of the transmitting optical module connected to the transmitting host-side chip in the transmitting device is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the FEC mode is the first FEC mode. If the type of the transmitting optical module connected to the transmitting host-side chip in the transmitting device is a common optical module, the FEC mode is the second FEC mode.

[0060] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: initiating self-negotiation or link training to the sending device to instruct the sending host-side chip of the sending device to perform an FEC method on the received data.

[0061] In some possible implementations, if the optical module connected to the host-side chip is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the auto-negotiation or link training initiated to the sending device is used to instruct the sending host-side chip to use the first FEC method to process the received data. If the optical module connected to the host-side chip is an ordinary optical module, the auto-negotiation or link training initiated to the sending device is used to instruct the sending host-side chip to use the second FEC method to process the received data.

[0062] In some possible implementations, the first FEC mode includes at least one of an FEC mode with multi-codeword deinterleaving and a decoding mode using a first FEC code type, and the second FEC mode includes at least one of an FEC mode with no codeword deinterleaving and a decoding mode using a second FEC code type.

[0063] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a communication device. The communication device includes a processing unit and a host-side chip. The processing unit is configured to: obtain the type of optical module connected to the host-side chip; and determine, based on the type of the optical module, an FEC method for processing data to be transmitted. If the optical module is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the host-side chip is configured to: process the data to be transmitted using a first FEC method.

[0064] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip is specifically configured to process the data to be transmitted using a FEC method with multi-channel codeword interleaving.

[0065] In some possible implementations, the multi-way interleaved FEC mode is a 2-way codeword interleaved FEC mode, a 4-way codeword interleaved FEC mode, or an 8-way codeword interleaved FEC mode.

[0066] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip is specifically configured to: encode the data to be sent using a first FEC code type.

[0067] In some possible implementations, the first FEC code type is RS (544, 514) or RS (528, 514).

[0068] In some possible implementations, if the type of the optical module is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the processing unit is further used to initiate self-negotiation to the receiving device to instruct the host side chip of the receiving device to use the first FEC method to process the received data.

[0069] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: send a link codeword to the receiving device, where the link codeword includes an indication field, and the indication field is configured to instruct a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using the first FEC method.

[0070] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a basic page and / or an added page in a link codeword, which improves the feasibility of the solution.

[0071] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in the FEC capability area of ​​the base page.

[0072] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending link codewords is 106.25 / X Gbps, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0073] In some possible implementations, if the type of the optical module is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the processing unit is further used to initiate link training to the receiving device to instruct the host side chip of the receiving device to process the received data using the first FEC method.

[0074] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: send a training frame to the receiving device, where the training frame includes an indication field, and the indication field is configured to instruct a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using the first FEC method.

[0075] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a parameter update region, a status reporting region, a control region and / or a status region in a training frame.

[0076] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

[0077] In some possible embodiments, the processing unit is also used to: receive auto-negotiation or link training initiated by a receiving device, wherein the type of the receiving-end optical module connected to the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, and the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the receiving device is used to instruct the host-side chip to use the first FEC method to process the data to be sent.

[0078] In some possible implementations, if the host-side chip is connected to a common optical module, the host-side chip is further configured to: process the data to be transmitted using the second FEC method.

[0079] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip is specifically configured to process the data to be transmitted using an FEC method without codeword interleaving.

[0080] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip is specifically configured to: encode the data to be sent using the second FEC code type.

[0081] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip sends data to the optical module through one channel.

[0082] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip transmits N data channels to the optical module via N channels, where N is an integer greater than 1. The host-side chip is specifically configured to: process data channel a of the N data channels to be transmitted using a first FEC method, where 1≤a≤N. The host-side chip is further configured to: process data channel b of the N data channels to be transmitted using a second FEC method, where N=a+b.

[0083] In some possible implementations, the channel is AUI or CEI.

[0084] In some possible embodiments, the communication device also includes a transceiver unit, which is used to: receive c-channel data sent by the receiving host side chip of the receiving device after data processing using a first FEC method, where c≥1; and / or receive d-channel data sent by the receiving host side chip of the receiving device after data processing using a second FEC method, where d≥1.

[0085] In some possible implementations, the rate of each channel of data to be sent by the host-side chip is 100 Gbps.

[0086] In some possible implementations, the communication device further includes a transceiver unit. The optical module is an LPO module, to which the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is connected. The transceiver unit is configured to receive data sent by the receiving-end host-side chip after data processing using a first FEC method. Alternatively, the optical module is an LPO module, to which the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is connected is a conventional optical module, and the transceiver unit is configured to receive data sent by the receiving-end host-side chip after data processing using a second FEC method.

[0087] In some possible implementations, the host-side chip sends N data channels to the optical module through N channels, the optical module is an LPO module, the N channels are CEI, and N = 2, 4, 8, or 16. The processing unit is specifically configured to process the N data channels to be sent using a first FEC method.

[0088] In some possible implementations, the communication device further includes a transceiver unit. The receiving device includes N receiving-end host-side chips, each of which is connected to an LPO optical module. The transceiver unit is configured to receive N data paths sent by the N receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a first FEC method. Alternatively, the receiving device includes N receiving-end host-side chips, each of which is connected to a conventional optical module. The transceiver unit is configured to receive N data paths sent by the N receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a second FEC method.

[0089] In some possible implementations, a host-side chip transmits N data channels to an optical module via N channels, where the optical module is an LPO module. The processing unit is specifically configured to: utilize a first FEC method to process M channels of the N data channels to be transmitted, where 1≤M<N. The processing unit is further configured to utilize a second FEC method to process NM channels of the N data channels to be transmitted.

[0090] In some possible implementations, the communication device further includes a transceiver unit. The receiving device includes N receiving-end host-side chips, wherein the receiving-end optical module connected to the M receiving-end host-side chips is an LPO module, and the receiving-end optical module connected to the NM receiving-end host-side chips is a conventional optical module. The transceiver unit is configured to: receive M channels of data transmitted by the M receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a first FEC method; and receive NM channels of data transmitted by the NM receiving-end host-side chips after data processing using a second FEC method.

[0091] In some possible implementations, the transmission rate of each of the N channels is 100 Gbps.

[0092] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a communication device comprising: a processing unit and a host-side chip. The host-side chip is connected to a conventional optical module. The processing unit is configured to: determine, based on the conventional optical module, the FEC method to be used by the host-side chip for data processing to be transmitted; and initiate auto-negotiation or a link sequence to a receiving device to instruct the receiving device to use the FEC method for data processing of the received data.

[0093] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: send a link codeword to the receiving device, where the link codeword includes an indication field, and the indication field is configured to instruct a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using the FEC method.

[0094] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a base page and / or an incremental page in a link codeword.

[0095] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in the FEC capability area of ​​the base page.

[0096] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending link codewords is 106.25 / X Gbps, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0097] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: send a training frame to the receiving device, where the training frame includes an indication field, and the indication field is configured to instruct a host-side chip of the receiving device to process received data using the FEC method.

[0098] In some possible implementations, the indication field is located in a parameter update region, a status reporting region, a control region and / or a status region in a training frame.

[0099] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

[0100] In some possible embodiments, the processing unit is also used to: receive auto-negotiation or link training initiated by a receiving device, wherein the type of the receiving-end optical module connected to the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is an ordinary optical module, and the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the receiving device is used to instruct the host-side chip to use the FEC method to process the data to be sent.

[0101] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a communication device comprising: a transceiver unit, a processing unit, and a host-side chip. The transceiver unit is configured to receive auto-negotiation or link training initiated by a transmitting device. The processing unit is configured to determine, based on the auto-negotiation or link training, an FEC mode for data processing by the host-side chip on received data. The transceiver unit is configured to send a feedback message to the transmitting device, the feedback message being configured to indicate the FEC mode.

[0102] In some possible implementations, the transceiver unit is specifically configured to: receive a first link codeword sent by a transmitting device, the first link codeword including a first indication field. The processing unit is specifically configured to: determine an FEC mode according to the first indication field.

[0103] In some possible implementations, the first indication field is located in a base page and / or an added page in the first link codeword.

[0104] In some possible implementations, the first indication field is located in the FEC capability area of ​​the base page in the first link codeword.

[0105] In some possible implementations, the transceiver unit is specifically configured to: send a second link codeword to the sending device, where the second link codeword includes a second indication field, and the second indication field is used to indicate an FEC mode.

[0106] In some possible implementations, the second indication field is located in a base page and / or an added page in the second link codeword.

[0107] In some possible implementations, the second indication field is located in an ACK region of a base page in the second link codeword, and / or the second indication field is located in an ACK region of an added page in the second link codeword.

[0108] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the first link codeword is 106.25 / X Gbps, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0109] In some possible implementations, the transceiver unit is specifically configured to: receive a first training frame sent by a transmitting device, the first training frame including a third indication field. The processing unit is specifically configured to: determine an FEC mode according to the third indication field.

[0110] In some possible implementations, the third indication field is located in a parameter update area, a status reporting area, a control area and / or a status area in the first training frame.

[0111] In some possible implementations, the transceiver unit is specifically configured to: send a second training frame to the sending device, where the second training frame includes a fourth indication field, and the fourth indication field is used to indicate an FEC mode.

[0112] In some possible implementations, the rate for sending the first training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

[0113] In some possible implementations, if the type of the transmitting optical module connected to the transmitting host-side chip in the transmitting device is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the FEC mode is the first FEC mode. If the type of the transmitting optical module connected to the transmitting host-side chip in the transmitting device is a common optical module, the FEC mode is the second FEC mode.

[0114] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is further configured to initiate self-negotiation or link training to the sending device to instruct the sending host-side chip of the sending device to perform an FEC method on the received data.

[0115] In some possible implementations, if the optical module connected to the host-side chip is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the auto-negotiation or link training initiated to the sending device is used to instruct the sending host-side chip to use the first FEC method to process the received data. If the optical module connected to the host-side chip is an ordinary optical module, the auto-negotiation or link training initiated to the sending device is used to instruct the sending host-side chip to use the second FEC method to process the received data.

[0116] In some possible implementations, the first FEC mode includes at least one of an FEC mode with multi-codeword deinterleaving and a decoding mode using a first FEC code type, and the second FEC mode includes at least one of an FEC mode with no codeword deinterleaving and a decoding mode using a second FEC code type.

[0117] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a chip comprising a processor configured to execute the method described in any one of the embodiments of the first to third aspects.

[0118] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a host-side chip, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the processor is used to execute the method described in any embodiment of the first to third aspects.

[0119] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a sending device, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the sending device is used to execute the method described in any embodiment of the first and second aspects.

[0120] In the tenth aspect, the present application provides a receiving device, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the receiving device is used to execute the method described in any embodiment of the third aspect.

[0121] In the eleventh aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes a receiving device and a sending device as described in the ninth aspect.

[0122] In a twelfth aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes a sending device and the sending device as introduced in the tenth aspect.

[0123] In the thirteenth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the method described in any one of the embodiments of the first to third aspects is implemented.

[0124] In a fourteenth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, which includes program instructions. When the computer program product is executed, it is used to implement the method introduced in any one of the embodiments of the first to third aspects above.

[0125] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that this application has the following advantages:

[0126] In the present application, the host side chip supports a variety of FEC methods for data processing, and the FEC method for data processing is determined specifically according to the type of optical module connected to the host side chip. For example, if the optical module type is LPO, NPO or CPO, the host side chip adopts the first FEC method for data processing. For another example, if the optical module type is an ordinary optical module, the host side chip adopts the second FEC method for data processing. In other words, the present application can flexibly select the FEC method adopted by the host side chip based on the type of optical module, so as to facilitate the targeted configuration of the corresponding FEC method according to the actual error performance of the optical module, so that the efficiency and reliability of transmission can be guaranteed in various scenarios without the need for additional hardware implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0127] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application;

[0128] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0129] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of data processing at the sending end and data processing at the receiving end in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;

[0130] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of several possible scenarios of communication between a sending device and a receiving device in the implementation of this application;

[0131] FIG5 is a flow chart of a data processing method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0132] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a process of performing self-negotiation or link training between a sending device and a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0133] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the format of a link codeword in an embodiment of the present application;

[0134] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the format of a training frame in an embodiment of the present application;

[0135] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an FEC method for interleaving multiple codewords in an embodiment of the present application;

[0136] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an FEC method without codeword interleaving in an embodiment of the present application;

[0137] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a first application scenario in which a sending device and a receiving device perform data transmission in an embodiment of the present application;

[0138] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a second application scenario in which a sending device and a receiving device perform data transmission in an embodiment of the present application;

[0139] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a third application scenario in which a transmitting device and a receiving device perform data transmission in an embodiment of the present application;

[0140] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0141] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a host-side chip according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0142] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0143] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0144] The embodiments of the present application provide a data processing method, device, and system. The host-side module supports multiple FEC methods for processing data. The FEC method adopted by the host-side module can be flexibly selected based on the type of optical module, so that the corresponding FEC method can be configured in a targeted manner according to the actual error performance of the optical module, thereby ensuring the efficiency and reliability of data transmission in various scenarios.

[0145] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG1 , the communication system includes a transmitting device 01, a transmitting processing module 02, a channel transmission medium 03, a receiving processing module 04, and a receiving device 05. Taking the communication system as a data center network as an example, the transmitting device 01 and the receiving device 05 can be devices such as switches or routers, and the transmitting device 01 is also referred to as a host device or host chip or host module located at the transmitting end, and the receiving device 05 is also referred to as a host device or host chip located at the receiving end, and the channel transmission medium 03 can be an optical fiber. The transmitting device 01 and the transmitting processing module 02 can be connected via an interface, and the receiving device 05 and the receiving processing module 04 can be connected via a channel. The type of the channel may depend on the type of the transmitting processing module 02 and the receiving processing module 04, and the type of the channel includes but is not limited to an attachment unit interface (AUI) and a common electrical interface (CEI). The transmitting processing module 02 and the receiving processing module 04 can be optical modules, electrical modules, connectors, or other modules that process data during transmission. For example, the processing module can be an 800LR module, a coherent optical module. Furthermore, the transmitting device 01, transmitting processing module 02, channel transmission medium 03, receiving processing module 04, and receiving device 05 in the communication system can all support bidirectional or unidirectional transmission, without further limitation.

[0146] Taking the transmitting end processing module 02 and the receiving end processing module 04 as optical modules as an example, the types of optical modules include but are not limited to ordinary optical modules (normal modules), linear drive pluggable optics (linear pluggable optics or linear-drive pluggable optics, LPO) modules, near package optics (near package optics, NPO) modules and co-packaged optics (co-packaged optics, CPO) modules, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, the LPO module, NPO module and CPO module can also be referred to as LPO optical module, NPO optical module and CPO optical module. Among them, in the embodiment of the present application, the optical module that does not belong to the LPO module, NPO module and CPO module is called an ordinary optical module. The functions that can be realized by the ordinary optical module include but are not limited to digital signal processing (digital signal processor, DSP) and clock data recovery (clock data recovery, CDR), etc. For example, an ordinary optical module converts an analog signal into a digital signal, performs DSP on the digital signal, and then converts it into an analog signal and sends it to the host side chip. Since DSP requires retiming, the ordinary optical module can also be called a retimed module. In the embodiment of the present application, the host side chip can also be called a switching chip. The LPO module, NPO module and CPO module do not have functions such as DSP and CDR, and functions such as DSP and CDR need to be implemented through the host side chip. In other words, ordinary optical modules can process both analog signals and digital signals; LPO modules, NPO modules and CPO modules only process analog signals and do not process digital signals. Ordinary optical modules are connected to the host side chip through AUI, while LPO modules can be connected to the host side chip through CEI. Unlike LPO modules, NPO modules and CPO modules do not have a pluggable optical module physical packaging form and are closer to the host side chip. NPO modules and CPO modules can also be called optical engines. NPO technology or CPO technology is a technology that "packages" the host side chip and the optical engine. When NPO technology is used to package the host chip and optical engine, the optical engine is called an NPO module. When CPO technology is used to package the host chip and optical engine, the optical engine is called a CPO module. In LPO technology, the host chip and optical engine are not packaged together, and the optical module is pluggable.

[0147] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission process according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, at the transmitting end, the information source provides a data stream to be transmitted; the transmitting end data processor receives the data stream and performs data processing including encoding, interleaving, and modulation on it to obtain a symbol data stream, which is sent to the transmitting end signal processor to form an optical signal, which is transmitted through the channel to the receiving device. After the receiving device receives the distorted signal caused by noise or other damage in the channel, it is sent to the receiving end signal processor for dispersion compensation, synchronization, phase recovery and other operations, and then sent to the receiving end data processor for demodulation, deinterleaving, and decoding. The original data is restored and sent to the destination. As an example, if the transmitting end processing module 02 and the receiving end processing module 04 in Figure 1 are ordinary optical modules, the transmitting end data processing and transmitting end signal processing shown in Figure 2 can be applied to the transmitting end processing module 02 shown in Figure 1, and the receiving end data processing and receiving end signal processing shown in Figure 2 can be applied to the receiving end processing module 04 shown in Figure 1. As another example, if the transmitting end processing module 02 in Figure 1 is an LPO module, an NPO module or a CPO module, the transmitting end data processing shown in Figure 2 can be applied to the transmitting end device 01 shown in Figure 1, the transmitting end signal processing shown in Figure 2 can be applied to the transmitting end processing module 02 shown in Figure 1, the receiving end signal processing shown in Figure 2 can be applied to the receiving end processing module 04 shown in Figure 1, and the receiving end data processing shown in Figure 2 can be applied to the receiving end device 05 shown in Figure 1.

[0148] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of the transmitting end data processing and the receiving end data processing in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG3, in a scenario that can be used for cascade coding, the transmitting end data processing sequentially performs outer code encoding and inner code encoding and other operations on the input data stream, and the receiving end data processing sequentially performs inner code decoding and outer code decoding and other operations on the input data stream. It should be understood that the operations performed by the transmitting end data processing in actual applications include but are not limited to the operations embodied in FIG3. For example, before performing inner code encoding, padding bits and scrambling can be inserted into the coded data frame obtained by outer code encoding, and the receiving end data processing will also perform the corresponding inverse operations; for another example, after inner code encoding, symbol mapping and polarization division can be performed on the data stream, and the receiving end data processing will also perform the corresponding inverse operations.

[0149] In one possible cascade coding scenario, the transmitting processing module 02 and the receiving processing module 04 utilize conventional optical modules. As shown in Figure 1 , during data transmission from transmitting device 01 to receiving device 05, transmitting device 01 performs outer code encoding on the data and then transmits the outer-coded data to transmitting processing module 02. Transmitting processing module 02 performs inner code encoding on the outer-coded data to obtain outer-coded and inner-coded data, and then transmits the outer-coded and inner-coded data to channel transmission medium 03. Channel transmission medium 03 transmits the outer-coded and inner-coded data to receiving processing module 04. Receiving processing module 04 performs inner code decoding on the outer-coded and inner-coded data and transmits the inner-coded data to receiving device 05. Receiving device 05 performs outer code decoding on the inner-coded data.

[0150] In another possible cascade coding scenario, the transmitting processing module 02 utilizes an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module. As shown in Figure 1 , during data transmission from transmitting device 01 to receiving device 05, transmitting device 01 performs outer and inner coding on the data. The resulting outer and inner coded data is then transmitted via transmitting processing module 02 to channel transmission medium 03. Channel transmission medium 03 transmits the outer and inner coded data to receiving processing module 04, which then transmits it to receiving device 05. Receiving device 05 sequentially performs inner and outer code decoding on the outer and inner coded data.

[0151] It should be understood that the distinction between "inner" in inner code and "outer" in outer code is based solely on the distance between the entity performing the data operation and the channel transmission medium 03. Entities performing inner code operations are closer to the channel transmission medium, while entities performing outer code operations are farther away. In this embodiment of the present application, data is transmitted from transmitting device 01, then transmitted to channel transmission medium 03 via transmitting processing module 02, and then transmitted from channel transmission medium 03 to receiving device 05 via receiving processing module 04. Data encoded by transmitting device 01 is farther from channel transmission medium 03 than data encoded by transmitting processing module 02, and data decoded by receiving device 05 is farther from channel transmission medium 03 than data decoded by receiving processing module 04. For example, data encoded by transmitting device 01 is referred to as data encoded with an outer code, data encoded by transmitting processing module 02 is referred to as data encoded with an inner code, data decoded by receiving device 05 is referred to as data decoded with an outer code, and data decoded by receiving processing module 04 is referred to as data decoded with an inner code. In one possible implementation, the above-mentioned inner code encoding and / or outer code encoding all adopt forward error correction (FEC) encoding, thereby forming a cascade FEC transmission scheme. For example, Reed-Solomon (RS) code can be used for outer code encoding, and Hamming code can be used for inner code encoding. For another example, RS code can be used for outer code encoding, and Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) code can be used for inner code encoding. For another example, RS code can be used for outer code encoding, and Polar code can be used for inner code encoding. For another example, low density parity check (LDPC) code can be used for outer code encoding and inner code encoding.

[0152] It should be noted that the above content is an illustrative description of the application scenarios of the data processing method provided in the embodiments of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the application scenarios of the data processing method. A person skilled in the art will know that as business needs change, its application scenarios can be adjusted according to application needs, and the embodiments of the present application do not list them one by one.

[0153] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of several possible scenarios in which a sending device and a receiving device communicate with each other in the implementation of this application. As shown in the example of Figure 4 (a), the sending device includes a host-side chip and a non-ordinary optical module, and the receiving device includes a host-side chip and a non-ordinary optical module. As shown in the example of Figure 4 (b), the sending device includes a host-side chip and a non-ordinary optical module, and the receiving device includes a host-side chip and an ordinary optical module. As shown in the example of Figure 4 (c), the sending device includes a host-side chip and an ordinary optical module, and the receiving device includes a host-side chip and a non-ordinary optical module. As shown in the example of Figure 4 (d), the sending device includes a host-side chip and an ordinary optical module, and the receiving device includes a host-side chip and an ordinary optical module. Among them, the non-ordinary optical modules shown in each example in Figure 4 include but are not limited to LPO modules, NPO modules and CPO modules.

[0154] It should be understood that the sending and receiving devices in the embodiments of this application are named based on the direction of data flow and do not limit the functions of the devices. For example, a sending device can also have a receiving function, and a receiving device can also have a sending function. This application does not limit the specific types of sending and receiving devices; for example, they can be routers, switches, computers, etc. The following describes the data processing method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0155] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a data processing method in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, the method includes the following steps.

[0156] 101. The sending device obtains the type of the optical module.

[0157] Specifically, the sending device includes a host-side chip and an optical module, and the host-side chip is connected to the optical module, which includes but is not limited to an ordinary optical module, an LPO module, an NPO module, and a CPO module. The host-side chip must first obtain the type of the connected optical module and then adopt a corresponding data processing method based on the type of the optical module. Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, obtaining the type of the optical module includes obtaining the connection method or distance between the host-side chip and the optical module. In one possible scenario, the optical module is connected to the host-side chip in a pluggable manner. For example, the optical module can be an ordinary optical module or an LPO module. A control unit is provided on the circuit board where the host-side chip is located. After the ordinary optical module or the LPO module is connected to the host-side chip, the control unit can detect the type of the optical module and feed back the type of the optical module to the host-side chip. In another possible scenario, the optical module is packaged together with the host-side chip. In this scenario, the host-side chip and the optical module can still be considered to have a connection relationship. When the host-side chip and the optical engine are packaged using NPO technology, the type of the optical module can be considered to be an NPO optical module. When the host-side chip and the optical engine are packaged using CPO technology, the type of the optical module can be considered to be a CPO optical module. The type of the optical module can be pre-stored in a register of the transmitting device, and the host-side chip can read the type of the optical module from the register.

[0158] It should be noted that in addition to being divided into ordinary optical modules, LPO modules, NPO modules, and CPO modules, the types of optical modules can also be further divided according to transmission rate and transmission distance. For example, optical modules can be divided into 100G optical modules and 400G optical modules based on transmission rate. The embodiments of the present application are generally applied to the scenario of 100G optical modules, which have a data transmission rate of 100 gigabits per second (Gbps). For another example, optical modules can be divided into SR (short range), LR (long range), ER (extended range), etc. based on transmission distance.

[0159] 102. The transmitting device determines the FEC mode used for data processing according to the type of the optical module.

[0160] In an embodiment of the present application, the host-side chip needs to perform FEC processing, such as FEC encoding, on the data to be transmitted. The host-side chip may employ different FEC methods based on the type of optical module. In one possible scenario, the host-side chip is connected to an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, and the host-side chip may select a first FEC method. In another possible scenario, the host-side chip is connected to an ordinary optical module, and the host-side chip may select a second FEC method. The difference between the first FEC method and the second FEC method includes, but is not limited to, the FEC interleaving depth and / or the FEC encoding pattern. It should be understood that the host-side chip supports both the first FEC method and the second FEC method in hardware, and the host-side chip can flexibly select the FEC method based on the type of optical module. In other words, if conditions such as transmission rate and transmission distance remain unchanged, the optical module connected to the host-side chip simply changes from an ordinary optical module to an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, and the host-side chip can change the FEC method, thereby ensuring the efficiency and reliability of data transmission in various scenarios without adding additional hardware.

[0161] It should be noted that the host-side chip can specifically determine the FEC method to be adopted by reading information from the register. For example, the first FEC method and the second FEC method correspond to different values ​​in the register. In an embodiment of the present application, based on the type of optical module connected to the host-side chip, the sending device and the receiving device can configure the value in the register through self-negotiation or link training, and then the host-side chip selects the FEC method based on the value in the register. In addition, in some possible scenarios, the value in the register can also be manually configured according to the type of optical module connected to the host-side chip, and then the host-side chip selects the FEC method based on the value in the register.

[0162] 103. The transmitting device and the receiving device perform auto-negotiation or link training.

[0163] After determining the FEC method used by the host-side chip, the sending device will initiate self-negotiation or link training to the receiving device, thereby informing the receiving device of the FEC method used by the host-side chip on this end. The receiving device uses the same FEC method as the sending device to process the received data. In some possible implementations, the sending device can also inform the receiving device of the type of optical module connected to the host-side chip on this end by initiating self-negotiation or link training to the receiving device. It should be noted that based on the type of optical modules used by the sending device and the receiving device, there are multiple implementation scenarios for the sending device and the receiving device to perform self-negotiation or link training.

[0164] Scenario 1: Taking Figure 4 (a) as an example, both the transmitting device and the receiving device use non-ordinary optical modules, and auto-negotiation or link training is performed between the host-side chip of the transmitting device and the host-side chip of the receiving device.

[0165] Scenario 2: Taking the example (b) of Figure 4 as an example, the sending device uses a non-ordinary optical module, and the receiving device uses an ordinary optical module. Auto-negotiation or link training is performed between the host-side chip of the sending device and the ordinary optical module of the receiving device. After the auto-negotiation or link training is completed, the ordinary optical module in the receiving device will feed back the determined information to the host-side chip.

[0166] Scenario 3: Taking example (c) in Figure 4 as an example, the sending device uses an ordinary optical module, and the receiving device uses a non-ordinary optical module. Auto-negotiation or link training is performed between the ordinary optical module of the sending device and the host-side chip of the receiving device. After the auto-negotiation or link training is completed, the ordinary optical module in the sending device will feed back the determined information to the host-side chip.

[0167] Scenario 4: Taking example (d) in Figure 4 as an example, both the sending device and the receiving device use ordinary optical modules. Auto-negotiation or link training is performed between the ordinary optical module of the sending device and the ordinary optical module of the receiving device. After auto-negotiation or link training is completed, the ordinary optical module in the sending device will feed back the determined information to the host side chip, and the ordinary optical module in the receiving device will feed back the determined information to the host side chip.

[0168] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a process flow of a sending device and a receiving device performing self-negotiation or link training in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 6, the process includes the following steps.

[0169] 201. The sending device initiates auto-negotiation or link training to the receiving device.

[0170] On the premise that the sending device has determined the FEC method adopted by the host-side chip, the purpose of the sending device initiating self-negotiation or link training to the receiving device is to enable the receiving device to also use the same FEC method to process the received data. It should be understood that in the direction in which the sending device sends data to the receiving device, although the sending device and the receiving device use the same FEC method to process the data, the data processing performed by the sending device and the receiving device are inverse operations to each other. For example, the sending device interleaves the FEC codeword based on a certain interleaving depth, and the receiving device deinterleaves the FEC codeword based on the same interleaving depth. For another example, the sending device uses a code type to perform FEC encoding on the data to be sent, and the receiving device uses the same code type to perform FEC decoding on the received data.

[0171] In one possible implementation, the transmitting device initiates auto-negotiation by sending one or more link codewords to the receiving device. For example, the link codewords are sent at a rate of 106.25 / X Gbps, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The link codewords include an indication field that instructs the host-side chip of the receiving device to process the received data using the same FEC method as the transmitting device.

[0172] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the link codeword format in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, the link codeword includes a base page and a next page. The indication field can be located on the base page and / or the next page. Optionally, the indication field can be located in the FEC capability area of ​​the base page shown in the dotted box in Figure 7. For example, if the indication field is located at D43 in the FEC capability area, A22 can be modified to F4.

[0173] In another possible implementation, the transmitting device initiates link training by sending a training frame to the receiving device. For example, the training frame is sent at a rate of 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps. The training frame includes an indication field that instructs the host-side chip of the receiving device to process the received data using the same FEC method as the transmitting device.

[0174] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the format of the training frame in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, there are two possible training frame formats. For example, the training frame shown in Figure 8 (a) can be used for a scenario with a rate less than 100Gbps, and the training frame shown in Figure 8 (b) can be used for a scenario with a rate greater than or equal to 100Gbps. Taking the example in Figure 8 (a) as an example, the training frame includes a frame marker area, a coefficient update area, a status report area, and a training pattern area, and the indication field can be located in the parameter update area and / or the status report area. Taking the example in Figure 8 (b) as an example, the indication field can be located in the control area and / or the status field.

[0175] 202. The receiving device determines an FEC method to be used for processing received data.

[0176] In one possible scenario, as shown in examples (a) and (b) of Figure 4 above, the host-side chip in the transmitting device is connected to a non-ordinary optical module such as an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module. The host-side chip of the transmitting device will select the first FEC method to process the data to be transmitted. Based on the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the transmitting device to the receiving device, regardless of the type of optical module connected to the host-side chip in the receiving device, as long as the host-side chip of the receiving device has the ability to support the first FEC method, the receiving device will use the first FEC method to process the received data.

[0177] In another possible scenario, as shown in examples (c) and (d) of Figure 4 above, the host-side chip in the transmitting device is connected to a common optical module. The host-side chip of the transmitting device will select the second FEC method to process the data to be transmitted. Based on the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the transmitting device to the receiving device, regardless of the type of optical module connected to the host-side chip in the receiving device, as long as the host-side chip of the receiving device is capable of supporting the second FEC method, the receiving device will use the second FEC method to process the received data.

[0178] 203. The receiving device sends a feedback message to the sending device.

[0179] The receiving device sends a feedback message to the sending device to indicate the success or failure of the negotiation. For example, the feedback message indicates the FEC method selected by the receiving device. If the FEC method selected by the receiving device is the same as the FEC method selected by the sending device, the negotiation is successful. Alternatively, the feedback message indicates that the receiving device can select the same FEC method as the sending device, indicating a successful negotiation. For another example, the feedback message indicates the FEC method selected by the receiving device. If the FEC method selected by the receiving device is different from the FEC method selected by the sending device, the negotiation fails. Alternatively, the feedback message indicates that the receiving device cannot select the same FEC method as the sending device, indicating a failed negotiation.

[0180] In one possible implementation, if the transmitting device initiates auto-negotiation by sending a link codeword to the receiving device, the feedback message sent by the receiving device to the transmitting device uses the link codeword format. For example, the information may be indicated using the acknowledgment (ACK) field of the base page in the link codeword. In another possible implementation, if the transmitting device initiates link training by sending a training frame to the receiving device, the feedback message sent by the receiving device to the transmitting device uses the training frame format.

[0181] It should be understood that steps 201 to 203 are the process of self-negotiation or link training initiated by the transmitting device. Steps 204 to 206 are the process of self-negotiation or link training initiated by the receiving device. The specific implementation is similar to steps 201 to 203 and will not be repeated here.

[0182] It should be noted that the device that actively initiates auto-negotiation or link training usually selects the FEC method for processing the data to be sent based on the type of optical module connected to the host-side chip on the local end. However, in actual applications, this selection method is not absolute. For example, the first FEC method has stronger performance than the second FEC method. If the local device uses a non-ordinary optical module such as an LPO module, NPO module, or CPO module, the local device will naturally use the corresponding first FEC method to process the data to be sent. Although the opposite device uses an ordinary optical module, the opposite device knows through auto-negotiation or link training that the local device has selected the first FEC method to process the data to be sent. The opposite device can also select the first FEC method with higher performance to process the data to be sent. Taking the example (b) of Figure 4 above as an example, the receiving device uses an ordinary optical module. Under normal circumstances, the receiving device will select the corresponding second FEC method to process the data to be sent. However, during the auto-negotiation or link training process with the sending device, it is known that the sending device has selected the first FEC method to process the data to be sent. In this case, the receiving device can also select the first FEC method with higher performance to process the data to be sent based on its own capabilities. Taking the example (c) of Figure 4 above as an example, the transmitting device uses an ordinary optical module. Under normal circumstances, the transmitting device will select the corresponding second FEC method to process the transmitted data. However, during the self-negotiation or link training process with the receiving device, if it is known that the receiving device has selected the first FEC method to process the transmitted data, then the transmitting device can also select the first FEC method with higher performance based on its own capabilities to process the transmitted data. In other words, under the premise that the host-side chips of the transmitting device and the receiving device both support the higher-performance first FEC method, as long as at least one of the transmitting device and the receiving device uses a non-ordinary optical module such as an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the host-side chips of the transmitting device and the receiving device can use the higher-performance first FEC method to process the transmitted data.

[0183] 104. The sending device processes the data to be sent according to the determined FEC method.

[0184] In the first possible scenario, using examples (a) and (b) of Figure 4 above as examples, the transmitting device uses a non-standard optical module such as an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module. The host-side chip of the transmitting device selects a first FEC mode to process the data to be transmitted. The first FEC mode includes, but is not limited to, the FEC interleaving depth and / or the FEC encoding pattern.

[0185] As an example, the host-side chip uses a multi-channel codeword interleaving FEC method to process the data to be transmitted. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel codeword interleaving FEC method in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 9, the data to be transmitted can be divided into two paths, one of which is FEC-encoded by encoder A to obtain codeword A, and the other is FEC-encoded by encoder B to obtain codeword B. Codeword A and codeword B both include multiple symbols. Taking RS code as an example, one symbol includes 10 bits. Furthermore, codeword A and codeword B are multiplexed and distributed to obtain multiple data streams, wherein each data stream includes both symbols from codeword A (represented by CA in Figure 9) and symbols from codeword B (represented by CB in Figure 9). Therefore, the method shown in Figure 9 can be understood as a 2-channel codeword interleaving FEC method. In addition, the embodiment of the present application can also adopt a 4-channel codeword interleaving FEC method or an 8-channel codeword interleaving FEC method.

[0186] As another example, the host-side chip uses a first FEC code type to perform FEC encoding on the data to be transmitted. Specifically, the RS code can be used for encoding. For example, the first FEC code type can be RS(544,514) or RS(528,514). RS(544,514) indicates that the encoded codeword length is 544 symbols, and RS(528,514) indicates that the encoded codeword length is 528 symbols, and one symbol contains 10 bits.

[0187] In the second possible scenario, using examples (c) and (d) of Figure 4 above as examples, the host-side chip in the transmitting device is connected to a common optical module. The host-side chip of the transmitting device selects the second FEC method to process the data to be transmitted. The second FEC method includes, but is not limited to, the FEC interleaving depth and / or the FEC encoding pattern.

[0188] As an example, the host side chip uses an FEC method without codeword interleaving to process the data to be sent. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an FEC method without codeword interleaving in an embodiment of the present application. Different from the FEC method with multi-codeword interleaving shown in Figure 9, as shown in Figure 10, the data to be sent is FEC-encoded by an encoder to obtain a codeword (codeword), which includes multiple symbols (represented by C0, C1, ..., Cn-1 in Figure 10). Taking the RS code as an example, one symbol includes 10 bits. Furthermore, the codeword is distributed to obtain multiple data streams, wherein the symbols in each data stream are from the same codeword, and there is no codeword interleaving. Therefore, the method shown in Figure 10 can be understood as a five-codeword interleaving FEC method.

[0189] As another example, the host-side chip uses a second FEC code type to perform FEC encoding on the data to be transmitted. Specifically, the RS code can be used for encoding. For example, the second FEC code type can be RS(544,514) or RS(528,514). It should be understood that in actual applications, the first FEC code type and the second FEC code type are different. For example, if the first FEC code type is RS(544,514), the second FEC code type can be RS(528,514); for another example, if the first FEC code type is RS(528,514), the second FEC code type can be RS(544,514).

[0190] 105. The sending device sends data to the receiving device.

[0191] Specifically, the host-side chip of the sending device processes the data to be sent according to the determined FEC method, and sends the processed data to the optical module. The optical module generates an optical signal based on the received data, and sends the optical signal to the receiving device through the optical fiber channel. As an example, the host-side chip of the sending device is connected to a non-ordinary optical module such as an LPO module, an NPO module or a CPO module. In addition to outer code encoding according to the first FEC method, the data processing performed by the host-side chip also includes inner code encoding and other operations. As another example, the host-side chip of the sending device is connected to an ordinary optical module. The data processing performed by the host-side chip includes outer code encoding according to the second FEC method, and the ordinary optical module performs inner code encoding and other operations on the data after outer code encoding.

[0192] 106. The receiving device processes the received data according to the determined FEC method.

[0193] Specifically, the optical module of the receiving device receives the optical signal from the sending device through the optical fiber channel, performs photoelectric conversion and other processing on the optical signal to obtain data, and then sends the data to the host side chip of the receiving device. The host side chip of the receiving device processes the received data according to the determined FEC method. As an example, the host side chip of the sending device is connected to a non-ordinary optical module such as an LPO module, an NPO module or a CPO module, and the data processing performed by the host side chip of the receiving device includes outer code decoding according to the first FEC method, and inner code decoding and other operations can be performed by the optical module or host side chip of the receiving device. As another example, the host side chip of the sending device is connected to an ordinary optical module, and the data processing performed by the host side chip of the receiving device includes outer code decoding according to the second FEC method, and inner code decoding and other operations can be performed by the optical module or host side chip of the receiving device.

[0194] The following provides several specific application scenarios for data transmission between sending devices and receiving devices.

[0195] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the first application scenario for data transmission between a transmitting device and a receiving device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 11 illustrates a non-breakout scenario, where the host-side chip of the transmitting device sends a single data stream to the optical module via a single channel. It should be understood that, in addition to the single channel in the transmitting direction, there is also another channel in the receiving direction between the host-side chip and the optical module. The figure only illustrates the channel and data stream transmission in the transmitting direction.

[0196] In the direction of data transmission from the transmitting device to the receiving device, as shown in the examples (a) and (b) of Figure 11, the host-side chip of the transmitting device is connected to a 100G LPO module. The host-side chip sends data to the 100G LPO module at a rate of 100Gbps. The host-side chip uses RS (544, 514) to perform FEC encoding on the data and uses a two-way codeword interleaving FEC method for data processing, which can be abbreviated as 2×RS (544, 514). Correspondingly, the host-side chip of the receiving device uses the 2×RS (544, 514) method to process the received data. The data processing performed by the host-side chip of the receiving device can be regarded as the inverse operation of the data processing performed by the host-side chip of the transmitting device.

[0197] In the direction where the receiving device sends data to the transmitting device, as shown in the example of Figure 11(a), the host-side chip of the receiving device is connected to a 100G LPO module. The host-side chip uses a 2×RS(544,514) method to process the data to be transmitted. Correspondingly, the host-side chip of the transmitting device uses a 2×RS(544,514) method to process the received data. In other words, this is a symmetrical scenario where the codeword interleaving depth is the same in both data transmission directions.

[0198] In the direction in which the receiving device sends data to the transmitting device, as shown in the example (b) of Figure 11, the host-side chip of the receiving device is connected to a common 100G optical module. The host-side chip uses RS (544, 514) to perform FEC encoding on the data and uses FEC without codeword interleaving for data processing, which can be referred to as 1×RS (544, 514). Correspondingly, the host-side chip of the transmitting device uses 1×RS (544, 514) to process the received data. In other words, this is an asymmetric scenario with different codeword interleaving depths in the two data transmission directions.

[0199] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a second application scenario for data transmission between a transmitting device and a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 12, this is a breakout scenario, that is, the host-side chip of the transmitting device sends multiple data streams to the optical module through multiple channels, and the multiple data streams share one optical module. Taking Figure 12 as an example, the 400GE bandwidth is optically divided into four independent 100GE signals. The host-side chip of the transmitting device is connected to a 400G LPO module. The host-side chip sends four data streams to the 400G LPO module through four channels. The transmission rate of each data stream is 100Gbps, and the total transmission rate is 400Gbps.

[0200] When sending data from a transmitting device to a receiving device, the host-side chip of the transmitting device uses RS (544, 514) to perform FEC encoding on the data and processes the data using a two-way codeword interleaving FEC method, referred to as 2×RS (544, 514). The host-side chip of the transmitting device processes all four data paths using the 2×RS (544, 514) method. The 400G LPO module of the transmitting device is connected to the four conventional optical modules of the receiving device via four optical fibers. Each conventional optical module of the receiving device is connected to a corresponding host-side chip. Each host-side chip of the receiving device processes the received data using the 2×RS (544, 514) method. The data processing performed by the host-side chip of the receiving device can be considered the inverse of the data processing performed by the host-side chip of the transmitting device.

[0201] In the direction of data transmission from the receiving device to the transmitting device, as an example, each host-side chip of the receiving device uses a 2×RS(544,514) method to process the data to be transmitted, and accordingly, the host-side chip of the transmitting device uses a 2×RS(544,514) method to process the received data. As another example, each host-side chip of the receiving device uses a 1×RS(544,514) method to process the data to be transmitted, and accordingly, the host-side chip of the transmitting device uses a 1×RS(544,514) method to process the received data.

[0202] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a third application scenario for data transmission between a transmitting device and a receiving device according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG13 shows another breakout scenario. Unlike the scenario shown in FIG12 , the host-side chip of the transmitting device in the scenario shown in FIG13 can use different FEC methods to process different data streams to be transmitted. For example, the host-side chip of the transmitting device is connected to a 400GLPO module. The four physical coding sublayers (PCSs) in the host-side chip of the transmitting device respectively process the four data streams to be transmitted. The data processing method used by PCS3 is different from that of other PCSs.

[0203] When sending data from the transmitting device to the receiving device, PCS1, PCS2, and PCS4 all use a 1×RS (544, 514) method to process the data being transmitted, while PCS3 uses a 2×RS (544, 514) method. The 400G LPO module can use wavelength multiplexing to transmit four data streams from the host-side chip to the receiving device via the same optical fiber. The receiving device's demultiplexer demultiplexes the signals from the optical fiber and transmits the four demultiplexed signals to the receiving device's four optical modules. Three of the receiving device's optical modules are 100G standard optical modules, which are used to receive data from PCS1, PCS2, and PCS4 respectively. The other optical module is a 100G LPO module, which is used to receive data from PCS3. Correspondingly, the three host-side chips in the receiving device that are respectively connected to the three 100G ordinary optical modules use the 1×RS(544,514) method to process the received data, and the host-side chip in the receiving device that is connected to the 100G LPO module uses the 2×RS(544,514) method to process the received data.

[0204] When the receiving device sends data to the transmitting device, the host-side chip connected to the 100G LPO module in the receiving device uses a 2×RS(544,514) method to process the data to be transmitted. Correspondingly, PCS3 in the host-side chip of the transmitting device uses a 2×RS(544,514) method to process the received data. The three host-side chips connected to the three 100G ordinary optical modules in the receiving device use a 1×RS(544,514) method to process the data to be transmitted. Correspondingly, PCS1, PCS2, and PCS4 in the host-side chips of the transmitting device use a 1×RS(544,514) method to process the received data.

[0205] It should be noted that the breakout scenarios shown in Figures 12 and 13 above are described using the example of a host-side chip sending four data streams to an optical module via four channels. In other possible scenarios, the host-side chip can also send data to the optical module via another number of channels. For example, the host-side chip can send two data streams to the optical module via two channels. In another example, the host-side chip can send eight data streams to the optical module via eight channels. In another example, the host-side chip can send 16 data streams to the optical module via 16 channels.

[0206] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 14, the communication device includes: a processing unit 301, a transceiver unit 302 and a host-side chip 303. In one possible embodiment, the communication device is applied to the data sending side, the processing unit 301 is used to perform the above steps 101, 102 and 205, the transceiver unit 302 is used to perform the above steps 105, 201 and 206, and the host-side chip 303 is used to perform the above step 104. In another possible embodiment, the communication device is applied to the data receiving side, the processing unit 301 is used to perform the above step 202, the transceiver unit 302 is used to perform the above steps 203 and 204, and the host-side chip 303 is used to perform the above step 106. It should be understood that the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above communication device is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or may be separate physical units, or two or more functional units may be integrated into a single processing unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0207] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the host-side chip in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 15, the host-side chip includes a processor 401 and an interface circuit 402. It should be understood that the interface circuit 402 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and the interface circuit 402 is used to receive signals from other devices outside the host-side chip and transmit them to the processor 401 or send signals from the processor 401 to other devices outside the host-side chip. In one possible embodiment, the host-side chip is applied to the data sending side, the interface circuit 402 is used to perform the signal transceiver operations of the data sending side in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above, and the processor 401 is used to perform other operations of the data sending side in addition to the signal transceiver operations in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above. In another possible embodiment, the host-side chip is applied to the data receiving side, the interface circuit 402 is used to perform the signal transceiver operations of the data receiving side in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above, and the processor 401 is used to perform other operations of the data receiving side in addition to the signal transceiver operations in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above. Optionally, the host-side chip may also include a memory 403, wherein the memory 403 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0208] Figure 16 is a structural diagram of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 16, the sending device includes a processor 501 and an interface circuit 502. It should be understood that the interface circuit 502 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and the interface circuit 502 is used to receive signals from other devices outside the sending device and transmit them to the processor 501 or send signals from the processor 501 to other devices outside the sending device. Specifically, the interface circuit 502 is used to perform the signal transceiver operation of the sending device in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above, and the processor 501 is used to perform other operations of the sending device in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above except for the signal transceiver operation. Optionally, the sending device may further include a memory 503, wherein the memory 503 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0209] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 17, the receiving device includes a processor 601 and an interface circuit 602. It should be understood that the interface circuit 602 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and the interface circuit 602 is used to receive signals from other devices outside the receiving device and transmit them to the processor 601, or send signals from the processor 601 to other devices outside the receiving device. Specifically, the interface circuit 602 is used to perform the signal transceiver operations of the receiving device in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above, and the processor 601 is used to perform other operations of the receiving device in the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6 above in addition to the signal transceiver operations. Optionally, the receiving device may also include a memory 603, wherein the memory 603 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0210] The present application also provides a chip in an embodiment. The chip includes one or more interface circuits and also integrates processing circuits for implementing the functions of the aforementioned processor 401, processor 501, or processor 601. As an example, the chip integrates a memory. As another example, when the chip does not integrate a memory, it can be connected to an external memory via an interface. The chip can perform the method steps of any one or more of the aforementioned embodiments. Alternatively, the chip implements the actions performed by the data processing device in the aforementioned embodiments based on program code stored in the memory.

[0211] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, including a program or instruction. When the program or instruction is executed on a computer, the method is executed by the processor 401, the processor 501 or the processor 601 in the above method embodiment.

[0212] It should be understood that the processors mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that is implemented by reading software code stored in a memory. The memory can exist independently and be connected to the processor, or the memory can be integrated with the processor.

[0213] As an example, the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, or a processing circuit that implements a specific function.

[0214] In the embodiments of the present application, the memory may be a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a mobile hard disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium may be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC may be located in a network device or a terminal device. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also exist in a network device or a terminal device as discrete components.

[0215] In the above embodiments, all or part of them can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.

[0216] When implemented using hardware, the data processing method provided in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented without reading software code or instructions. For example, it may be implemented by a CPU, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0217] When software is used for implementation, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instruction is loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is executed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a terminal device, or other programmable device. The computer program or instruction may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted via the computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; it may also be an optical medium, such as a digital versatile disc (DVD); it may also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state disk (SSD).

[0218] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A data processing method, characterized in that Including: Obtain the type of the optical module; Determine the forward error correction (FEC) method for data processing of the data to be transmitted according to the type of the optical module; If the type of the optical module is a linear drive pluggable optical (LPO) module, a near-packaged optical (NPO) module, or a co-packaged optical (CPO) module, the host-side chip processes the data to be transmitted using a first FEC method.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The host-side chip processes the data to be transmitted using the first FEC method, including: The host-side chip processes the data to be transmitted using a multi-codeword interleaved FEC method.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The multi-interleaved FEC method is a 2-codeword interleaved FEC method, a 4-codeword interleaved FEC method, or an 8-codeword interleaved FEC method.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The host-side chip processes the data to be transmitted using the first FEC method, including: The host-side chip encodes the data to be transmitted using a first FEC code type.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The first FEC code type is Reed-Solomon RS(544,514) or RS(528,514).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that If the type of the optical module is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the method further includes: Initiate auto-negotiation with the receiving device to instruct the host-side chip of the receiving device to process the received data using the first FEC method.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The auto-negotiation with the receiving device includes: Send a link codeword to the receiving device, where the link codeword includes an indication field for instructing the host-side chip of the receiving device to process the received data using the first FEC method.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The indication field is located in the base page and / or the additional page of the link codeword.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The indication field is located in the FEC capability area of the base page.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that The rate of sending the link codeword is 106.25 / X gigabits per second (Gbps), where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, If the type of the optical module is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, the method further includes: Initiate link training with the receiving device to instruct the host-side chip of the receiving device to process the received data using the first FEC method.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The link training with the receiving device includes: Send a training frame to the receiving device, where the training frame includes an indication field for instructing the host-side chip of the receiving device to process the received data using the first FEC method.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein The indication field is located in the parameter update area, the status report area, the control area, and / or the status area of the training frame.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The rate of sending the training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the receiving device, where the type of the receiving-end optical module connected to the receiving-end host-side chip of the receiving device is an LPO module, an NPO module, or a CPO module, and the auto-negotiation or link training initiated by the receiving device is used to instruct the host-side chip to process the data to be transmitted using the first FEC method.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the host - side chip is connected to a common optical module, the host - side chip processes the data to be transmitted using a second FEC method, and the common optical module is not the LPO module, the NPO module, or the CPO module.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein The host - side chip's processing of the data to be transmitted using the second FEC method includes: The host - side chip processes the data to be transmitted using a FEC method without codeword interleaving.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The host - side chip's processing of the data to be transmitted using the second FEC method includes: The host - side chip encodes the data to be transmitted using a second FEC code pattern.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, The host - side chip sends data to the optical module through one channel.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, The host - side chip sends N channels of data to the optical module through N channels respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1; The host - side chip's processing of the data to be transmitted using the first FEC method includes: The host - side chip processes a channels of data among the N channels of data to be transmitted using the first FEC method, where 1 ≤ a ≤ N; The method further includes: The host - side chip processes b channels of data among the N channels of data to be transmitted using the second FEC method, where N = a + b.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that, The channel is a connection unit interface AUI or a common electrical interface CEI.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receiving c channels of data, where c ≥ 1, sent by the receiving - end host - side chip of the receiving device after data processing using the first FEC method; and / or, Receiving d channels of data, where d ≥ 1, sent by the receiving - end host - side chip of the receiving device after data processing using the second FEC method.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The rate of each channel of data to be transmitted by the host - side chip is 100 Gbps.

24. The method according to claim 1, wherein The type of the optical module is an LPO module, and the type of the receiving - end optical module connected to the receiving - end host - side chip of the receiving device is an LPO module. The method further includes: Receiving the data sent by the receiving - end host - side chip after data processing using the first FEC method; Or, The type of the optical module is an LPO module, and the type of the receiving - end optical module connected to the receiving - end host - side chip of the receiving device is a common optical module. The method further includes: Receiving the data sent by the receiving - end host - side chip after data processing using the second FEC method.

25. The method according to claim 1, wherein The host - side chip sends N channels of data to the optical module through N channels respectively. The type of the optical module is an LPO module, and the N channels are CEIs, where N = 2, 4, 8, or 16; The host - side chip's processing of the data to be transmitted using the first FEC method includes: The host - side chip processes the N channels of data to be transmitted using the first FEC method.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein The receiving device includes N receiving - end host - side chips, and the type of the receiving - end optical module connected to each receiving - end host - side chip is an LPO module. The method further includes: Receiving N channels of data respectively sent by the N receiving - end host - side chips after data processing using the first FEC method; Or, The receiving device includes N host - side chips on the receiving end, and the type of the receiving - end optical module connected to each of the host - side chips on the receiving end is a common optical module. The method further includes: Receiving N paths of data respectively sent after the N host - side chips on the receiving end perform data processing using the second FEC method.

27. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host - side chips send N paths of data to the optical modules through N channels respectively, and the type of the optical module is an LPO module, where N = 2, 4, 8, or 16; The host - side chips perform data processing on the data to be sent using the first FEC method, including: The host - side chips perform data processing on M paths of the N paths of data to be sent using the first FEC method, where 1 ≤ M < N; The method further includes: The host - side chips perform data processing on the N - M paths of the N paths of data to be sent using the second FEC method.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein The receiving device includes N host - side chips on the receiving end, and the type of the receiving - end optical module connected to M host - side chips on the receiving end is an LPO module, and the type of the receiving - end optical module connected to N - M host - side chips on the receiving end is a common optical module. The method further includes: Receiving M paths of data respectively sent after the M host - side chips on the receiving end perform data processing using the first FEC method; Receiving N - M paths of data respectively sent after the N - M host - side chips on the receiving end perform data processing using the second FEC method.

29. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that, The transmission rate of each of the N channels is 100 Gbps.

30. A data processing method, characterized in that, Including: Receiving the auto - negotiation or link training initiated by the sending device; Determining the forward error correction (FEC) method for the host - side chips to process the received data according to the auto - negotiation or the link training; Sending a feedback message to the sending device, where the feedback message is used to indicate the FEC method.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that, Receiving the auto - negotiation initiated by the sending device includes: Receiving a first link codeword sent by the sending device, where the first link codeword includes a first indication field; Determining the FEC method for the host - side chips to process the received data according to the auto - negotiation includes: Determining the FEC method according to the first indication field.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein The first indication field is located in the base page and / or the additional page of the first link codeword.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein The first indication field is located in the FEC capability area of the base page of the first link codeword.

34. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that, Sending a feedback message to the sending device includes: Sending a second link codeword to the sending device, where the second link codeword includes a second indication field, and the second indication field is used to indicate the FEC method.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein The second indication field is located in the base page and / or the additional page of the second link codeword.

36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that, The second indication field is located in the ACK area of the base page of the second link codeword, and / or, the second indication field is located in the ACK area of the additional page of the second link codeword.

37. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 36, characterized in that, The rate of sending the first link codeword is 106.25 / X gigabits per second (Gbps), where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

38. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that, Receiving the link training initiated by the sending device includes: Receiving a first training frame sent by the sending device, where the first training frame includes a third indication field; Determining the FEC method for the host - side chip to process the received data according to the link training includes: Determining the FEC method according to the third indication field.

39. The method according to claim 38, wherein The third indication field is located in the parameter update area, status reporting area, control area, and / or status area of the first training frame.

40. The method according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that Sending a feedback message to the sending device includes: Sending a second training frame to the sending device, where the second training frame includes a fourth indication field for indicating the FEC method.

41. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 40, characterized in that, The rate of sending the first training frame is 106.25 Gbps or 103.125 Gbps.

42. The method according to any one of claims 30 to 41, characterized in that, If the type of the optical module connected to the transmitting - end host - side chip in the sending device is a linear - drive pluggable optical LPO module, near - packaged optical NPO module, or co - packaged optical CPO module, the FEC method is the first FEC method; If the type of the optical module connected to the transmitting - end host - side chip in the sending device is a common optical module, the FEC method is the second FEC method.

43. The method according to any one of claims 30 to 42, characterized in that, The method further includes: Initiating auto - negotiation or link training with the sending device to indicate the FEC method for the transmitting - end host - side chip of the sending device to process the received data.

44. The method according to claim 43, wherein If the type of the optical module connected to the host - side chip is an LPO module, NPO module, or CPO module, the auto - negotiation or link training initiated with the sending device is used to indicate that the transmitting - end host - side chip processes the received data using the first FEC method; If the type of the optical module connected to the host - side chip is a common optical module, the auto - negotiation or link training initiated with the sending device is used to indicate that the transmitting - end host - side chip processes the received data using the second FEC method.

45. The method according to claim 42 or 44, characterized in that, The first FEC method includes at least one of a FEC method with multi - path codeword de - interleaving and a decoding method using a first FEC code pattern, and the second FEC method includes at least one of a FEC method without codeword de - interleaving and a decoding method using a second FEC code pattern.

46. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes: A processing unit and a host - side chip; The processing unit is used to: obtain the type of the optical module; Determine the forward error correction FEC method for processing the data to be sent according to the type of the optical module; If the type of the optical module is a linear - drive pluggable optical LPO module, near - packaged optical NPO module, or co - packaged optical CPO module, the host - side chip is used to: process the data to be sent using the first FEC method.

47. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes: A transceiver unit, a processing unit, and a host - side chip; The transceiver unit is used to: receive the auto - negotiation or link training initiated by the sending device; The processing unit is used to: determine the forward error correction FEC method for the host - side chip to process the received data according to the auto - negotiation or the link training; The transceiver unit is used to: send a feedback message to the sending device, where the feedback message is used to indicate the FEC method.

48. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes a processor, and the processor is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 45.

49. A host-side chip, characterized in that, The host-side chip includes a processor and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is used for receiving and sending signals, and the processor is used for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 45.

50. A transmitting device, characterized in that, The sending device includes a processor and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is used for receiving and sending signals, and the processor is used for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 29.

51. A receiving device, characterized in that, The receiving device includes a processor and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is used for receiving and sending signals, and the processor is used for executing the method according to any one of claims 30 to 45.

52. A communication system, characterized in that, Comprising: A receiving device and the sending device according to claim 50.

53. A communication system, characterized in that, Comprising: A sending device and the receiving device according to claim 51.

54. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Instructions are stored on the computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 45 is implemented.

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