Extruded tile of an exchanger and associated exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to an extruded tile for manufacturing a surface heat exchanger, characterised in that it comprises at least one main structure (12) extending in a main longitudinal direction and forming a substantially planar surface for heat exchange with an outside environment on at least one of its faces, and at least one channel (14a ') for circulating a fluid extending on one of the faces of the main structure in the main longitudinal direction, the tile being configured for a heat exchange between the fluid circulating in the one or more circulation channels (14a') and the outside environment, and for assembly with at least one other extruded tile to form a surface heat exchanger. The invention also relates to a surface heat exchanger comprising a plurality of extruded tiles, to a method for manufacturing an extruded tile and to a method for manufacturing an exchanger.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE OF THE INVENTION: EXTRUDED EXCHANGER TILE AND ASSOCIATED EXCHANGER

[0003] Technical field of the invention

[0004] The invention relates to a surface heat exchanger. In particular, the invention relates to a surface heat exchanger formed from extruded tiles and intended to be integrated into an aircraft.

[0005] Technological background

[0006] Surface heat exchangers, also called skin heat exchangers, are intended to be integrated on the exterior surfaces of components or vehicles, and have a substantially flat portion forming the heat exchange surface. The advantage of this type of exchanger is that it can easily replace pre-existing exterior surfaces without impacting on aerodynamics or integration with other components. The main objective is to take advantage of new cooling sources such as dynamic flow air, better known as "ram air" in English, available when the vehicle equipping the surface heat exchanger(s) is in motion, and thus reduce the use of internal cooling sources, for example air taken from a turbomachine (bleed air in English).

[0007] Often, the surface heat exchanger allows a heat exchange between a hot source formed by a fluid (gas or liquid) circulating in the exchanger, for example through channels, and a cold source formed by the dynamic flow air circulating at the level of the heat exchange surface.

[0008] Prior art surface heat exchangers generally consist of a large part whose dimension is shaped to the external surface it is intended to replace. The manufacture of these exchangers therefore generally presents significant complexity. In addition, when the exchangers are large, the problems of sealing and thermal expansion are accentuated and must be taken into account during the design. These problems are all the more significant when the surface heat exchanger is curved.

[0009] In addition, in some situations, the surface exchanger may require the integration of an acoustic trap, which can be complex to implement depending on the shape of the heat exchanger. Acoustic traps aim to channel sound waves propagating at the heat exchanger, and are generally present for comfort and / or regulatory reasons. The integration of acoustic traps generally requires the drilling of acoustic channels allowing the propagation of waves towards the trap, and this integration by drilling can be complex in a heat exchanger in which a fluid circulates.

[0010] The inventors therefore sought an alternative solution to obtain a heat exchanger meeting the constraints of repairability and sealing, particularly in an aircraft, also allowing the integration of acoustic traps.

[0011] Objectives of the invention

[0012] The invention aims to provide a surface exchanger responding to the problems of the prior art, and an associated manufacturing method.

[0013] The invention aims in particular to provide, in at least one embodiment, a surface exchanger which is easy to manufacture.

[0014] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a surface exchanger having better sealing, reducing leaks, and reliable at high fluid pressure.

[0015] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a surface exchanger with improved thermal expansion.

[0016] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a surface exchanger which can be of large size.

[0017] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a surface exchanger particularly suited to revolution environments, for example an aircraft engine.

[0018] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a surface exchanger capable of accommodating different shapes of channels for circulating the heat exchange fluid.

[0019] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a surface exchanger which can be adapted to amplify the heat exchange with the external environment.

[0020] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a surface exchanger compatible with the integration of acoustic traps.

[0021] Statement of the invention

[0022] To this end, the invention relates to an extruded tile for manufacturing a surface heat exchanger, characterized in that it comprises at least one main structure extending in a main longitudinal direction and forming a substantially flat surface for heat exchange with an external medium on at least one of its faces, and at least one channel for circulation of a fluid extending on one of the faces of the main structure in the main longitudinal direction, the tile being configured for heat exchange between the fluid circulating in the circulation channel(s) and the external medium, and for assembly with at least one other extruded tile to form a surface heat exchanger.

[0023] An extruded heat exchanger tile according to the invention can therefore be used to form exchangers of variable shape, thanks to the assembly of several tiles. The use of extrusion for the manufacture of tiles makes it possible to greatly reduce the complexity of manufacturing for obtaining a surface exchanger. Advantageously, several identical tiles can be used to manufacture an exchanger, by adapting the number of tiles to the dimensions of the exchanger. Advantageously, extruded tiles can be used to manufacture several exchangers of different dimensions, the extruded tiles thus being usable for different situations.

[0024] Extrusion also makes it possible to obtain a tile whose circulation channels guarantee a level of leakage and reliability consistent with high pressure use without leakage (essential for exchangers for vapor compression or hydraulic systems for example). The fluid circulating in the circulation channel(s) can be a gas or a liquid, in particular coming from a VCS or hydraulic system.

[0025] Advantageously and according to the invention, the fluid circulating in the circulation channel(s) is oil.

[0026] Advantageously and according to the invention, the external environment is preferably a dynamic flow air.

[0027] According to this aspect of the invention, the ram air is air that circulates outside the aircraft or air coming from outside and circulating in the aircraft thanks to a ram air intake.

[0028] Advantageously and according to the invention, the extruded tile comprises at least one overlapping surface, configured to allow assembly of the extruded tile with another extruded tile.

[0029] According to this aspect of the invention, the overlapping surface facilitates assembly with the other tiles and improves the mechanical strength of the assembly.

[0030] Advantageously and according to the invention, the tile has a curvature in the main longitudinal direction and / or in a lateral direction perpendicular to the main longitudinal direction.

[0031] According to this aspect of the invention, the curved tile is particularly suitable for environments of revolution, for example an aircraft engine. The direction of the curvature makes it possible to conform to substantially cylindrical shapes (curvature in one direction) or substantially spherical or ellipsoidal shapes (curvature in both directions).

[0032] Advantageously and according to the invention, the tile comprises at least two circulation channels and at least one intermediate portion of the main structure forming a space between at least two circulation channels, said intermediate portion comprising at least one perforation configured for guiding sound waves towards an acoustic trap. According to this aspect of the invention, the invention consists in the installation between these channels of elements making it possible to guide the sound waves towards acoustic traps located under the exchanger. In particular, the perforation, preferably the perforations, allow the passage of the sound wave without impacting the circulation of the fluid in the circulation channels.

[0033] Advantageously and according to the invention, the extruded tile comprises sound guide partitions substantially perpendicular to the main longitudinal direction, said guide partitions being arranged in at least one intermediate portion between the circulation channels around a perforation and configured to guide the sound waves from each perforation towards the associated acoustic trap.

[0034] According to this aspect of the invention, the guide partitions allow the acoustic waves to be guided into the acoustic traps, and make it possible to improve the efficiency of the acoustic trap. This also makes it possible to better guide the sound waves towards the acoustic traps, to avoid aerodynamic phenomena caused by the absence of partitions between the channels by means of the acoustic drillings.

[0035] In addition, the addition of the guide partitions allows to increase the heat exchange by thermally connecting the channels to each other as well as to the upper part of the exchanger.

[0036] The dimensions and geometry of the partitions to be positioned between the channels can be very diverse, U-shaped, V-shaped, with a constant or variable pitch. It is possible to produce these partitions according to the possibilities of the person skilled in the art, folded sheet metal, spacer, etc.

[0037] Advantageously and according to the invention, the circulation channels can be of various dimensions and shapes, more or less complex.

[0038] According to this aspect of the invention, the dimensions and shapes of the channels can vary according to the heat exchange surface area requirements, according to the pressure drop limits, fluid pressure limits, etc. Advantageously and according to a variant of the invention, the channels are arranged on the face of the substantially flat surface opposite the face in contact with the external environment.

[0039] Advantageously and according to another variant of the invention, the channels are arranged on the face of the substantially flat surface in contact with the external environment.

[0040] Advantageously and according to another variant of the invention, the circulation channels can be arranged both on the face of the substantially flat surface opposite the face in contact with the external environment and on the face of the substantially flat surface in contact with the external environment.

[0041] Advantageously and according to the invention, the main structure comprises fins on the heat exchange face with the external environment.

[0042] According to this aspect of the invention, the fins make it possible to amplify the heat exchange with the external environment.

[0043] The invention also relates to a surface heat exchanger configured for heat exchange between a fluid and an external environment characterized in that it comprises at least two extruded tiles according to the invention, each extruded tile being configured for the circulation of the fluid in each circulation channel.

[0044] In the exchanger, the tiles are made by extrusion and allow the passage of fluid in channels as well as their assembly between them.

[0045] The exchanger is particularly suitable for cooling a component of an aircraft, in particular an aircraft engine, in particular an aircraft turbomachine, in particular an aircraft turbojet.

[0046] The exchanger has better sealing than the prior art, in particular by guaranteeing a leak level and reliability consistent with high pressure use without leakage (essential for exchangers for vapor or hydraulic compression systems for example).

[0047] An exchanger made up of several tiles makes it possible to improve thermal expansion problems because this thermal expansion is distributed over several tiles.

[0048] Using small tiles makes it easy to manage the manufacturing of a large heat exchanger.

[0049] The exchanger thus obtained, particularly with curved tiles, is particularly suitable for environments of revolution, for example an aircraft engine.

[0050] Advantageously and according to the invention at least two tiles extruded from the surface heat exchanger are identical.

[0051] Advantageously and according to the invention, all the tiles forming the surface heat exchanger are identical.

[0052] According to these aspects of the invention, the use of identical tiles to manufacture the exchanger reduces the manufacturing cost by allowing mass production with a reduced number of tile manufacturing machines.

[0053] Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one extruded tile forming the exchanger comprises at least two circulation channels and at least one intermediate portion forming a space between at least two circulation channels, said intermediate portion comprising at least one perforation configured for guiding sound waves towards an acoustic trap.

[0054] According to this aspect of the invention, an acoustic surface heat exchanger therefore consists of two functions, the thermal function which aims to cool engine oil by means of the circulation of air at the level of the external exchange surface, and an acoustic part which aims to channel the sound waves into acoustic traps located under the exchanger.

[0055] The technology used to create this exchanger allows for the installation of an acoustic trap system. In this case, the exchanger will be drilled (drilling in a direction normal to the outer surface of the surface exchanger), with numerous holes allowing sound to pass from the outside to acoustic traps such as Helmholtz cavities.

[0056] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a tile according to the invention comprising an extrusion step so as to form the tile with its substantially flat surface and its channels.

[0057] The invention relates in particular to a method of manufacturing an extruded tile according to the invention, comprising an extrusion step so as to form the extruded tile with its substantially flat surface and each circulation channel, according to an extrusion section defining the main structure and each circulation channel.

[0058] Advantageously and according to the invention, the method of manufacturing an extruded tile comprises a step of perforating the main structure at the level of an intermediate portion forming a space between at least two circulation channels.

[0059] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an exchanger according to the invention, comprising steps of manufacturing each exchanger tile according to the invention, a step of overlapping at least two tiles, and a step of fixing the tiles.

[0060] The invention relates in particular to a method of manufacturing an exchanger according to the invention, comprising: at least two steps of manufacturing each extruded exchanger tile according to a method of manufacturing an extruded tile according to the invention, a step of assembling at least two extruded tiles, and a step of fixing the assembled extruded tiles to form the exchanger.

[0061] The thermal part of the exchanger is thus made up of several extruded tiles, preferably identical, whose pattern allows the circulation of the oil as well as the adjustment of the tiles between them.

[0062] The invention also relates to an exchanger tile, an exchanger, a method of manufacturing an exchanger tile and a method of manufacturing an exchanger characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.

[0063] List of figures Other aims, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given solely for non-limiting purposes and which refers to the appended figures in which:

[0064] [Fig. 1] is a partial schematic perspective view of an exchanger tile according to a first embodiment of the invention.

[0065] [Fig. 1b] is a partial schematic perspective view of an exchanger tile according to a second embodiment of the invention.

[0066] [Fig. 2] is a partial schematic perspective view of an exchanger tile according to a third embodiment of the invention.

[0067] [Fig. 3] is a schematic perspective view of an exchanger tile according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0068] [Fig. 4] is a partial schematic perspective view of a surface heat exchanger according to a first embodiment.

[0069] [Fig. 5] is a partial schematic perspective view of a surface heat exchanger according to a second embodiment.

[0070] [Fig. 6] is a partial schematic side view of a tile and an acoustic trap according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0071] [Fig. 7a] is a partial schematic perspective view of a tile according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, for use with an acoustic trap.

[0072] [Fig. 8a] is a partial schematic top view of a tile according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, for use with an acoustic trap.

[0073] [Fig. 7b] is a partial schematic perspective view of a tile according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, for use with an acoustic trap.

[0074] [Fig. 8b] is a partial schematic top view of a tile according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, for use with an acoustic trap.

[0075] Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention

[0076] In the figures, scales and proportions are not strictly respected, for the purposes of illustration and clarity.

[0077] Furthermore, identical, similar or analogous elements are designated by the same references in all figures.

[0078] Figures 1, 1b, 2 and 3 each schematically represent an extruded heat exchanger tile according to four embodiments of the invention. Figure 2 is a partial view of a tile.

[0079] The extruded tiles 10a, 10a', 10b and 10c comprise a main structure 12 extending in a main longitudinal direction and forming a substantially flat surface for heat exchange with an external medium on at least one of its faces, in other words a portion forming a substantially flat surface for heat exchange with an external medium. The tiles also comprise channels 14a, 14a', 14b, 14c for circulation of a fluid extending on one of the faces of the main structure in the main longitudinal direction. The channels comprise dimensions and shapes that vary according to the embodiments. In the first, second and third embodiments, the extruded tiles comprise intermediate portions 16 of the main structure forming spaces between the circulation channels. In the fourth embodiment, there is no space between two channels.

[0080] The tiles are extruded. The tiles preferably include an overlapping surface 18 allowing assembly with another tile, seen here in the first, second and third embodiments of Figures 1, 1b and 2. In other embodiments, such as in the fourth embodiment of Figure 3, assembly can be achieved without requiring this overlapping surface.

[0081] The tiles allow heat exchange between the fluid circulating in the circulation channel(s) and the external environment, in particular with dynamic flow air circulating on one side or the other side of the tile, depending on the embodiment.

[0082] Figure 4 shows a partial schematic view in perspective of a surface heat exchanger 100 according to a first embodiment. The exchanger comprises a plurality of extruded tiles according to an embodiment of the invention, including here a first extruded tile 110a, a second extruded tile 110b, a third extruded tile 110c, a fourth extruded tile HOd, a fifth extruded tile 110e, a sixth extruded tile 11 Of, a seventh extruded tile 110g and an eighth extruded tile 11 Oh assembled to form the exchanger 110.

[0083] In this embodiment, the exchanger comprises perforations 120 between at least two fluid circulation channels, in an intermediate portion of the main structure forming a space between at least two circulation channels, the perforations being configured for guiding sound waves towards an acoustic trap. The extruded tiles are generally convex in shape, the channels being arranged on a substantially hollow portion of the exchanger.

[0084] Figure 5 schematically represents partially and in perspective a surface heat exchanger 200 according to a second embodiment.

[0085] The exchanger comprises a plurality of extruded tiles according to one embodiment of the invention, including here a first extruded tile 210a, a second extruded tile 210b and a third extruded tile 210c assembled to form the exchanger 210.

[0086] In this embodiment, the exchanger comprises perforations 220 between at least two fluid circulation channels, in an intermediate portion of the main structure forming a space between at least two circulation channels, the perforations being configured for guiding sound waves towards an acoustic trap. The extruded tiles are generally concave in shape, the channels being arranged on a substantially curved portion of the exchanger.

[0087] Figure 6 schematically represents from the side a tile 10 and an acoustic trap 30 according to an embodiment of the invention. The perforations described above and below make it possible to guide the sound wave towards the acoustic trap 30 located on one side of the tile, in particular under the exchanger opposite the face on which the dynamic flow air circulates. Figures 7a and 8a schematically represent in perspective and from above a tile according to a first embodiment of the invention, for use with an acoustic trap. Figures 7b and 8b schematically represent in perspective and from above a tile according to a second embodiment of the invention, for use with an acoustic trap.

[0088] The tile comprises the perforations 20 between at least two fluid circulation channels, in an intermediate portion of the main structure forming a space between at least two circulation channels, the perforations being configured for guiding sound waves towards an acoustic trap. To guide the acoustic waves into the acoustic traps, the tile 30 comprises sound guiding partitions 40 substantially perpendicular to the main longitudinal direction, said guiding partitions 40 being arranged in at least one intermediate portion between the circulation channels 14 around a perforation.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Extruded tile for the manufacture of a surface heat exchanger, characterized in that it comprises at least one main structure (12) extending in a main longitudinal direction and forming a substantially flat surface for heat exchange with an external environment on at least one of its faces, and at least one channel (14a, 14a', 14b, 14c; 14) for circulation of a fluid extending on one of the faces of the main structure in the main longitudinal direction, the tile being configured for heat exchange between the fluid circulating in the one or more circulation channels (14a, 14a', 14b, 14c; 14) and the external environment, and for assembly with at least one other extruded tile to form a surface heat exchanger.

2. Extruded tile according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one overlapping surface (18), configured to allow assembly of the extruded tile with another extruded tile.

3. Extruded tile according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a curvature in the main longitudinal direction and / or in a lateral direction perpendicular to the main longitudinal direction.

4. Extruded tile according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least two circulation channels (14a, 14a', 14b, 14c; 14) and at least one intermediate portion (16) of the main structure forming a space between at least two circulation channels, said intermediate portion (16) comprising at least one perforation (20, 120, 220) configured for guiding sound waves towards an acoustic trap (30).

5. Extruded tile according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises sound guide partitions (40) substantially perpendicular to the main longitudinal direction, said guide partitions (40) being arranged in at least one intermediate portion between the circulation channels around a perforation and configured to guide sound waves from each perforation to the associated acoustic trap.

6. Extruded tile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the circulation channels (14a, 14a', 14b, 14c; 14) are arranged on the face of the substantially flat surface opposite the face in contact with the external environment.

7. Extruded tile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the circulation channels (14a, 14a', 14b, 14c; 14) are arranged on the face of the substantially flat surface in contact with the external environment.

8. Extruded tile according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the main structure comprises fins on the face for heat exchange with the external environment.

9. Surface heat exchanger configured for heat exchange between a fluid and an external environment, characterized in that it comprises at least two tiles (110a, 110b, 110c, HOd; 210a, 210b, 210c; 30) extruded according to one of claims 1 to 8, each extruded tile being configured for the circulation of the fluid in each circulation channel.

10. Surface heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that at least two extruded tiles of the surface heat exchanger are identical.

11. Surface heat exchanger according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one extruded tile forming the exchanger comprises at least two circulation channels (14a, 14a', 14b, 14c; 14) and at least one intermediate portion (16) forming a space between at least two circulation channels, said intermediate portion comprising at least one perforation (20, 120, 220) configured for guiding sound waves towards an acoustic trap (30).

12. Method of manufacturing an extruded tile according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising an extrusion step so as to form the extruded tile with its substantially flat surface and each circulation channel, according to an extrusion section defining the main structure and each circulation channel.

13. Method for manufacturing an extruded tile according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a step of perforating the main structure at the level of an intermediate portion (16) forming a space between at least two circulation channels (14a, 14a', 14b, 14c; 14).

14. A method of manufacturing an exchanger according to one of claims 9 to 11, comprising: at least two steps of manufacturing each tile (110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h; 210a, 210b, 210c; 30) extruded from the exchanger according to a method of manufacturing an extruded tile according to one of claims 12 or 13, a step of assembling at least two extruded tiles, and a step of fixing the assembled extruded tiles to form the exchanger.

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