Signalling and storage of timed image sequences coded with JPEG ai in a media file

Abstract

A mechanism for processing video data is disclosed. The mechanism includes determining to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG AI) codec. A conversion is performed between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the media file format.

Description

Signalling And Storage Of Timed Image Sequences Coded With JPEG Al In A Media FileCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 621,828 filed on January 17, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to generation, storage, and consumption of digital audio video media information in a file format.BACKGROUND

[0003] Digital video accounts for the largest bandwidth used on the Internet and other digital communication networks. As the number of connected user devices capable of receiving and displaying video increases, the bandwidth demand for digital video usage is likely to continue to grow.SUMMARY

[0004] A first aspect relates to a method for processing media data, comprising: determining to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) codec; and performing a conversion betw een a visual media data and a bitstream based on the media file format.

[0005] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the JPEG Al codec is specified in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) / International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 6048-1.

[0006] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that a video track carrying timed image sequences coded using the JPEG Al image codec is referred to as a JPEG Al video track.

[0007] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the media file format is based on the International Organization for Standardization base media file format (ISOBMFF).

[0008] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the media file format is based on the high efficiency image file format (HEIF), which is based on the International Organization for Standardization base media file format (ISOBMFF).

[0009] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that each sample in a JPEG Al video track carries a JPEG Al coded image.

[0010] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that for a conforming file containing at least one JPEG Al video track, a file type box has a particular brand as the major brand, and wherein the particular brand is referred to as ‘jaiO ’ or ‘jais ’ .

[0011] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that for a conforming fde containing at least one JPEG Al video track, a file type box includes a particular brand within a compatibility brand list.

[0012] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when the particular brand is a compatible brand, a sample entry type of an image sequence track is ‘jaim. ’

[0013] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when the particular brand is a compatible brand, a track enabled syntax element is equal to 1.

[0014] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when the particular brand is a compatible brand, a track in movie syntax element is equal to 1.

[0015] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that when the particular brand is a compatible brand, each sample entry having a value of a data reference index syntax element mapped to a DataEntryBox with (entry flags & 1) is equal to 1.

[0016] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that readers for the particular brand are able to display an image sequence track with a ‘jaim’ sample entry type.

[0017] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that readers for the particular brand are able to display an image sequence track with a track enabled syntax element equal to 1.

[0018] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that readers for the particular brand are able to display- an image sequence track with a track in movie syntax element equal to 1.

[0019] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that a value for a Compressomame field comprises “\016Motion JPEG Al,” where \016 is 14, and where a length of a string is a byte.

[0020] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that a media subtype for a media type ‘image’ is specified for JPEG Al coded image sequences carried in an ISOBMFF file or in an HEIF file.

[0021] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the media subtype for the media type ‘image’ is referred to as ‘j ais. '

[0022] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that a presence of a sample entry- of type ‘jaim’ is signalled by including a value whose first element is ‘jaim’ in a codecs parameter that starts with ‘jaim’ followed by a dot (‘.’) further followed by a series of dot-separated (‘.’) values, where the dot-separated (‘ .’) values include a subset of the information carried in a JPEG Al header, and where each of the dot-separated (‘.’) values is encoded as a hexadecimal number.

[0023] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the conversion includes encoding the visual media data into the bitstream.

[0024] Optionally, in any of the preceding aspects, another implementation of the aspect provides that the conversion includes decoding the visual media data from the bitstream.

[0025] A second aspect relates to an apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non- transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of the disclosed embodiments.

[0026] A third aspect relates to a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of disclosed embodiments.

[0027] A fourth aspect relates to a a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) codec; and generating a bitstream based on the media file format.

[0028] A fifth aspect relates to a method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) codec; generating a bitstream based on the determining; and storing the bitstream in a non- transitory computer-readable recording medium.

[0029] A sixth aspect relates to a method, apparatus, or system described in the present disclosure.

[0030] For the purpose of clarify, any’ one of the foregoing embodiments may be combined with any one or more of the other foregoing embodiments to create a new embodiment within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0031] These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] For a more complete understanding of this disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example video processing system.

[0034] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example video processing apparatus.

[0035] FIG. 3 is a flowchart for an example method of video processing.

[0036] FIG. 4 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system.

[0037] FIG. 5 is a block diagram that illustrates an example encoder.

[0038] FIG. 6 is a block diagram that illustrates an example decoder.

[0039] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an example encoder.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] It should be understood at the outset that although an illustrative implementation of one or more embodiments are provided below, the disclosed systems and / or methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently know n or yet to be developed. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below7, including the exemplary designs and implementations illustrated and described herein, but may7be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.

[0041] Section headings are used in the present disclosure for ease of understanding and do not limit the applicability of techniques and embodiments disclosed in each section only to that section. Furthermore. H.266 terminology is used in some description only for ease of understanding and not for limiting scope of the disclosed techniques. As such, the techniques described herein are applicable to other video codec protocols and designs also. In the present disclosure, editing changes are shown to text by bold italics indicating cancelled text and bold indicating added text, with respect to the Versatile Video Coding (WC) specification and / or the SEI messages for coded video bitstreams (VSEI) standard.1. Initial discussion

[0042] This disclosure is related to Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) coded image file format. Specifically, this disclosure is related to signalling and storage of timed image sequences coded with JPEG Al in a media file, either based on the high efficiency image file format (HEIF), which is in ton based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) base media file format (ISOBMFF), or directly based on the ISOBMFF. The ideas may be applied individually or in various combinations, for images coded by any neural network (NN)-based codec, e.g., JPEG Al (i.e.. ISO / Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60481, Information technology — Learning-based image coding system (JPEG Al) — Part I : Core coding system), and for any image file format, e.g., the JPEG Al image sequence file format or motion JPEG Al file format.2. Further discussion2.1 File format standards

[0043] Media streaming applications may be based on the Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) transport methods, and may rely on a file format such as the ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF) [1], One such streaming system is dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH)[2], For using a video format with ISOBMFF and DASH, a file format specification specific to the video format, such as the Advanced Video Coding (AVC) file format and the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) file format in [3], would be needed for encapsulation of the video content in ISOBMFF tracks and in DASH representations and segments. Information about the video bitstreams, e.g., the profile, tier, and level, and many others, may be exposed as file format level metadata and / or DASH media presentation description (MPD) for content selection purposes, e.g., for selection of appropriate media segments both for initialization at the beginning of a streaming session and for stream adaptation dining the streaming session.

[0044] Similarly, for using an image format with ISOBMFF, a file format specification specific to the image format, such as the AVC image file format and the HEVC image file format in [4], may be used.2.2. Neural network (NN)-based image and video coding

[0045] Deep learning has developed rapidly in a variety of areas, especially in computer vision and image processing. Inspired from the great success of deep learning technology to computer vision areas, many researchers have shifted their attention from image / video compression techniques to neural image / video compression technologies. Neural network is designed with the interdisciplinary research of neuroscience and mathematics. It has shown strong capabilities in the context of non-linear transform and classification. Neural network-based image / video compression technology has gained significant progress. It is reported that an example neural networkbased image compression algorithm achieves comparable rate-distortion (R-D) performance with Versatile Video Coding (WC), a video coding standard developed by Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) with experts from motion picture experts group (MPEG) and Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG). With the performance of neural image compression continually being improved, neural network-based video compression has become an actively developing research area. However, neural network -based video coding still remains in its infancy due to the inlierent difficulty of the problem.2.2.1 Image / video compression

[0046] Image / video compression (also referred to as image / video coding) usually refers to the computing technology that compresses image or video into binary code to facilitate storage and transmission. The binary codes may or may not support losslessly reconstructing the original image or video, termed lossless compression and lossj' compression. Most of the efforts are devoted to lossy compression since lossless reconstruction is not necessary in most scenarios. Usually the performance of image or video compression algorithms is evaluated from two aspects, including compression ratio and reconstruction quality . Compression ratio is directly related to the number of binary codes, the less the better; while reconstruction quality’ is measured by comparing the reconstructed image or video with the original image or video, the higher the better.

[0047] Image / video compression techniques can be divided into two branches, including the classical video coding methods and the neural-network-based video compression methods. Classical video coding schemes adopt transform-based solutions, in which researchers have exploited statistical dependency in the latent variables (e.g., discrete cosine transform (DCT) or wavelet coefficients) by carefully hand-engineering entropy codes modeling the dependencies in the quantized regime. Neural network-based video compression is in two flavors, neural network-based coding tools and end-to-end neural network-based video compression. The former is embedded into classical video codecs as coding tools and only serves as part of the framew ork, while the latter is a separate framework developed based on neural networks without depending on classical video codecs.

[0048] A series of classical video coding standards have been developed to accommodate the increasing visual content. The international standardization organizations International Organization for Standardization (ISO) / International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has tw o expert groups namely Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG) and Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) telecommunication standardization sector (ITU-T) also has its own Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) which is for standardization of image or video coding technology. The influential video coding standards published by these organizations include JPEG, JPEG 2000, H.262, H.264 / AVC and H.265 / HEVC. After H.265 / HEVC, the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) formed by MPEG and VCEG began working on a video coding standard Versatile Video Coding (WC). The first version of WC was released in July 2020. An average of 50% bitrate reduction is reported by WC under the same visual quality’ compared with HEVC.

[0049] A number of researchers are working on neural network-based image coding used in neural netw orkbased image / video compression. But the network architectures used in example designs are relatively shallow, and the performance is not satisfactory. Benefit from the abundance of data and the support of powerful computing resources, neural network-based methods are better exploited in a variety of applications. At present, neural network-based image / video compression has shown promising improvements, and confirmed its feasibility. Nevertheless, this technology is still far from mature and a lot of challenges should be addressed.2.2.2 Neural networks

[0050] Neural networks, also known as artificial neural networks (ANN), are the computational models used in machine learning technology which are usually7composed of multiple processing lay ers and each layer is composed of multiple simple but non-linear basic computational units. One benefit of such deep networks is believed to be the capacity for processing data w ith multiple levels of abstraction and converting data into different kinds of representations. Note that these representations are not manually designed; instead, the deep network including the processing layers is learned from massive data using a general machine learning procedure. Deep learning eliminates the necessity of handcrafted representations, and thus is regarded useful especially for processing natively unstructured data, such as acoustic and visual signal, whilst processing such data has been a longstanding difficulty in the artificial intelligence field.2.2.3. Neural networks for image and video compression

[0051] Example neural networks for image compression methods can be classified in two categories, including pixel probability modeling and auto-encoder. The former one belongs to the predictive coding strategy, while the latter one is the transform-based solution. Sometimes, these two methods are combined together.

[0052] Similar to classical video coding technologies, neural image compression serves as the foundation of intra compression in neural network-based video compression, thus development of neural network-based video compression technology comes later than neural network-based image compression, but needs far more efforts to solve the challenges due to its complexity. A few researchers are working on neural network-based video compression schemes. Compared with image compression, video compression needs efficient methods to remove inter-picture redundancy. Inter-picture prediction is then a key step in these works. Motion estimation and compensation is used, but is not implemented by trained neural networks until recently.

[0053] Studies on neural network-based video compression can be divided into two categories according to the targeted scenarios including random access and the low-latency. In random access case, the decoding can be started from any point of the sequence, the entire sequence is divided into multiple individual segments, and each segment can be decoded independently. The low-latency case aims to reduce decoding time, and thereby temporally previous frames can be used as reference frames to decode subsequent frames.2.2.4. The JPEG Al image coding standard

[0054] At the time of writing (i.e., Jan. 17, 2024), the JPEG Al image coding standard is an image coding standard that is being standardized by the JPEG Working Group (WG), which is WG 1 of ISO / IEC JTC 1 SC 29. The ISO / IEC number for the JPEG Al standard is ISO / IEC 6048. The latest JPEG Al draft specification is included in JPEG output document WG1N100660.

[0055] The design in the latest JPEG Al draft specification utilizes some NN-based image coding methods described mentioned above. Some of the features in the latest JPEG Al specification, together with a possible method for signalling of profiles and levels, are described or summarized below. The section numbers in the parentheses are the same as in the document WG INI 00660.2.2.4.I. (9.2) Code stream layout

[0056] The overall syntax structure of an image is:

[0057] Each code stream starts with a 16-bit marker. All markers used in this specification are as follows:2.2.4.2. (9.3) Picture header

[0058] This sub-stream contains information about image height H, width W. latent space tiles location and sizes, control flags for each tool, scaling factors for primary and secondary component, modelldx - learnable model index and displacement for rate control parameters (J3Yfor primary and Puvfor secondary component).2.2.4.2.1 (9.3.1) Syntax table2.2.4.2.2. (9.3.1.2) Profile and level syntax2.2.4.23. (93.2) Picture header semantics

[0059] Following service information is signalled: picture_header_size is the number of bytes in the picture header excluding the first two-byte marker; img_width plus 64 specifies width of an input picture (from 64 to 65600); imgjieight plus 64 specifies height of the input picture (from 64 to 65600); picture_format is a data format of the output picture (YUV420 = 0, YUV444 = 1, sRGB = 2, YUV422 = 3); bit_depth is a bit-depth the output picture ("0” corresponds to 8 and "1" corresponds to 10); stream_profile_idc indicates the stream profile to which the codestream conforms. num_decoder_profiles_minusl plus 1 specifies the number of supported decoder profiles provided by the codestream. decoder_profile_idc[ i ] indicates the i-th supported decoder profiles provided by the codestream, leveljdc indicates the level to which the codestream conforms.3. Technical problems solved by disclosed technical solutions

[0060] There lacks a design for signalling and storage of timed image sequences coded with JPEG Al in a media file.4. A listing of solutions and embodiments

[0061] To solve the above-described problems, methods as summarized below are disclosed. The aspects should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these examples can be applied individually or combined in any manner.1) In one example, a media file format is specified, for storage of timed image sequences coded using the JPEG Al image codec specified in ISO / IEC 6048-1, and a video track carry ing a timed image sequences coded using the JPEG Al image codec is referred to as a JPEG Al video track. a. In one example, the media file format is specified based on the ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF). b. In one example, the media file format is specified based on the high efficiency image file format (HEIF), which is in turn based on the ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF).2) In one example, it is specified that each sample in a JPEG Al video track carries a JPEG Al coded image.3) In one example, it is specified that for a conforming file containing at least one JPEG Al video track, the file type box shall either have a particular brand, e.g., ‘jaiO’ or ‘jais ’ , as the major brand or include the particular brand within the compatibility brand list. a. In one example, it is specified that, when the particular brand is among the compatible brands, there shall be an image sequence track with the ‘jaim’ sample entry type, track enabled equal to 1, track in movie equal to 1, and each sample entry having a data reference index value such that it is mapped to a DataEntry Box with (entry ' flags & 1) equal to 1. b. In one example, it is specified that, readers for the particular brand shall be able to display an image sequence track with the ‘jaim’ sample entry type, track enabled equal to 1 and track in movie equal to 1.4) In one example, a particular sample entry type (also referred to as sample entry name), e g., ‘jaim’, is specified for use by a motion JPEG Al video track. a. In one example, a sample entry of the particular sample entry type includes a configuration box that includes at least one or more of the following information: i. Information on the stream profile to which the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry conforms. ii. Information on the decoder profiles provided by the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry . iii. Information on the level to which the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry' conforms. iv. Information on the color format of the output pictures resulted from decoding the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry . v. Information on the bit depth of the output pictures resulted from decoding the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry.vi. Frame rate information of the sequence of the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry. vii. Bit rate information of the sequence of the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry.5) In one example, it is specified that the suggested value for the Compressomame field is “\016Motion JPEG Al”, where \016 is 14, the length of the string as a byte.6) In one example, a media subtype for the media type ‘image’ is specified, e.g., named ‘jais’, for JPEG Al coded image sequences carried in an ISOBMFF file or an HEIF file. a. In one example, it is specified that the presence of a sample entry of type ‘jaim' is signalled by including a value whose first element is ‘jaim’ in the codecs parameter, which starts with ‘jaim', followed by a dot (‘ .’), further followed by a series of dot-separated (‘.') values, where the dot- separated (‘.’) values include a subset of the information carried in the JPEG Al header item property specified by the above bullet item 4)a and its sub items, each value encoded as a hexadecimal number.5. Embodiments

[0062] Below are some example embodiments for the aspects summarized above in Section 4, which can be applied to a potential standard specification of the JPEG Al image sequence file format and / or motion JPEG Al file fonnat.5.1 First Embodiment

[0063] This embodiment is for all items summarized above in Section 4.1. Scope

[0064] This disclosure specifies container file formats for JPEG Al codestreams as specified in ISO / IEC 6048-1. It defines file formats for working with timed image sequence (also referred to as motion image sequence) files on computer platforms, allowing internet-based and other communications.

[0065] This disclosure uses already existing specifications for file formats and extends them for the embedding of JPEG Al codestreams.2. Normative references

[0066] The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this disclosure. For dated references, only' the edition cited applies. For rmdated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO / IEC 14496-12, Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 12: ISO base media file formatISO / IEC 23008-12:2017, Information technology — High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments Part 12: Image File FormatISO / IEC 6048-1, Information technology — Learning-based image coding system (JPEG Al) — Part 1: Core coding systemISO / IEC 6048-2. Information technology — Learning-based image coding system (JPEG Al) — Part 2: Profiling Rec. ITU-T H.273 | ISO / IEC 23091-2, Coding-independent code points — Part 2: Video3. Terms and definitions

[0067] For the purposes of this disclosure the terms and definitions given in ISO / IEC 14496-12, ISO / IEC 6048-1, ISO / IEC 6048-2, ISO / IEC 23008-12 and the following apply.

[0068] ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: / / www.iso.org / obp— IEC Electropedia: available at http: / / www.electropedia.org / 3.1 box structured collection of data describing the image or the image decoding process3.2 box type kind of information stored with the box (3.1)3.3 byte group of 8 bits3.4 coding-independent code point code point based on enumerated values for the definition of the colourspacesNote 1 to entry: Code points defined in Rec. ITU-T H.273 | ISO / IEC 23091-2.3.5 high efficiency image file format image file format which can embed still images and motion sequences (3.7)Note 1 to entry : Based on ISO / IEC 23008-12.3.6 image collection unordered set of images without an implied or signalled presentation order or presentation time stamps3.7 motion sequence movie timed sequence (3.9) of images3.8 sample<ISOBMFF> all the data associated with a single timeNote 1 to entry: This definition is used in Annexes B and C as data associated with one coded image in a sequence.3.9 timed sequence linearly ordered sequence of media entities such as images where each entity is presented at a well defined time stamp4. Abbreviated terms

[0069] For the purposes of this disclosure the abbreviated terms given in ISO / IEC 14496-12, ISO / IEC 6048- 1, ISO / IEC 6048-2, ISO / IEC 23008-12 and the following apply.CICP coding-independent code pointsHEIF high efficiency image file formatISOBMFF iso base media file format5. Naming conventions for numerical values

[0070] Integer numbers are expressed as bit patterns, hexadecimal values, or decimal numbers. Bit patterns and hexadecimal values have both a numerical value and an associated particular length in bits.

[0071] Hexadecimal notation, indicated by prefixing the hexadecimal number by “Ox”, may be used instead of binary notation to denote a bit pattern having a length that is an integer multiple of 4. For example, 0x41 represents an eight-bit pattern having only its second most significant bit and its least significant bit equal to 1. Numerical values that are specified under a “Code” heading in tables that are referred to as “code tables” are bit pattern values (specified as a string of digits equal to 0 or 1 in which the left-most bit is considered the most- significant bit). Other numerical values not prefixed by “Ox” are decimal values. When used in expressions, a hexadecimal value is interpreted as having a value equal to the value of the corresponding bit pattern evaluated as a binary representation of an unsigned integer (i.e., as the value of the number formed by prefixing the bit pattern with a sign bit equal to 0 and interpreting the result as a two’s complement representation of an integer value). For example, the hexadecimal value OxF is equivalent to the 4-bit pattern ‘ 1111’ and is interpreted in expressions as being equal to the decimal number 15.6. Conformance

[0072] This disclosure shares common definitions for the structure of files (a sequence of objects, called boxes here, and atoms in other similar file formats), and a common definition of the general structure of an object (the size and type).

[0073] File formats representing either images, or image sequences shall be as specified in Annexes A and B. All these specifications require that readers ignore objects that are unrecognizable to them.

[0074] This disclosure takes precedence over those on which it is based, in any case where there are differences or conflicts; however, no such conflicts are known to exist.

[0075] For better readability and understanding, the syntax description for the different file formats is done in the same wav as in the base formats.7. Colour specification

[0076] JPEG Al (as defined in ISO / IEC 6048-1) describes only the encoded bitstream of an image. In order to properly display or interpret the image, it is essential that the colourspace of that image data is properly characterized. For this purpose, the respective container file format has to signal the correct colourspace. The defined formats in this disclosure for JPEG Al signals the colour space as specified in Rec. ITU-T H.273 | ISO / IEC 23091-2.8. Organization of the disclosure

[0077] Annex A specifies the integration of JPEG Al codestreams in the ISOBMFF (as defined inISO / IEC 14496-12) for use of image sequences as movie in a file format.

[0078] Annex B specifies the integration of JPEG Al codestreams in the HEIF file format (as defined inISO / IEC 23008-12) allowing the integration of JPEG Al coded image sequences.Annex A (normative) Use of JPEG Al codestreams in the ISOBMFF - Motion JPEG AlA.l General

[0079] This aimex specifies the use of JPEG Al coding for timed sequences of images within files based on the ISO base media file format (defined in ISO / IEC 14496-12), denoted Motion JPEG Al. The Motion JPEG Al file format is designed to contain one or more motion sequences of JPEG Al compressed images, with their timing. It is intended as a 'building block’, specifying only the video format. An application would be expected to combine Motion JPEG Al with suitable audio, metadata, etc. for a complete application specification; that specification would normally select profiles and levels of Motion JPEG Al, and can also specify application profiles and levels that apply to the integration.

[0080] Motion JPEG Al is expected to be used in a variety of applications, particularly where JPEG Al coding technology is already available for other reasons, or where the high-quality frame-based approach, with no inter-frame coding, is appropriate. These application areas include:— digital still cameras,— error-prone environments such as wireless and the internet,— video capture,— high quality digital video recording for professional broadcasting and motion picture production from filmbased to digital systems,— and high-resolution medical and satellite imaging.

[0081] Motion JPEG Al is a flexible format, permitting a wide variety of usages, such as editing, display, interchange, and streaming.

[0082] NOTE A sample in the context of ISOBMFF (ISO / IEC 14496-12) is “all the data associated with a single time”. In this aimex, it is meant as data associated with one coded image, not a “pixel'’.A.2 Compatibility and technology derivationA.2.1 Family members

[0083] This is a ‘building block’ specification; it defines how to store motion JPEG Al sequences in a file format based on the ISO base media file format. It stands as a member of a family of specifications with common formatting.

[0084] Since this is a building block specification, if audio is needed, then suitable audio support should be selected from other specifications using the ISO base media file format (ISO / IEC 14496-12).

[0085] These specifications share a common definition for the structure of a file (a sequence of objects, called boxes here, and atoms in other similar file formats), and a common definition of the general structure of an object (the size and type).

[0086] All these specifications require that readers ignore objects that are unrecognizable to them.

[0087] This specification takes precedence over those on which it is based, in any case where there are differences or conflicts; however, no such conflicts are know n to exist.A.2.2. Conformance

[0088] Implementations of motion JPEG Al decoders shall support the decoding of video tracks using the JPEG Al coding technology . Files conforming to this version of this specification shall contain at least one motion JPEG Al video track and the file type box shall either have ‘j ai0‘ as the major brand or include ‘j ai0‘ as a brand within the compatibility’ list. Derived and application specifications based on this specification may define additional brands.A.3 Sample entry and sample formats for motion sequencesA.3.1 General

[0089] The sample entry and sample formats for JPEG Al codestreams in the ISOBMFF are derived from the syntax in ISO / IEC 14496-12 and defined in A.3.2 to A.3.5.A.3.2 DefinitionSample Entry Type: aim’Container: Sample Description Box (‘stsd’)Mandatory: YesQuantity: One or more sample entries may be presentBox Type:cjaiC’Container: Motion JPEG Al Sample Entry (‘jaim’)Mandatory: YesQuantity : One

[0090] The format of a sample (3.8) when the sample entry name is ‘jaim’ is a JPEG Al codestream, which carries one coded picture, as defined in ISO / IEC 6048-1.

[0091] Each image presented to a JPEG Al decoder is the content of a sample.

[0092] The values present in the VisualSampleEntry, its constituent boxes, and the codestreams that these boxes describe, shall agree, to the extent that the fonnat and precision of the fields allow. This agreement includes, but is not limited to, width and height information, and the resolution declaration (within the accuracy permitted by the different representations). Files with conflicts are non-conforming and readers may attempt to decide which values are correct, or reject the file.

[0093] The fields width and height in the Visual Sample Entry indicate the highest resolution component of the image (which is typically, but not required to be, the luminance, in an image in which not all components have the same spatial sampling density).

[0094] If the coded images contain an alpha plane, a suitable value of ‘depth’, as indicated in the Visual Sample Entry, shall be used.

[0095] Colom information may be supplied in one or more ColourlnformationBoxes. These should be placed in order in the sample entry starting with the most accurate (and potentially the most expensive to process), in progression to the least. These are advisory and concern rendering and colour conversion, and there is no normative behaviour associated with them; a reader may choose to use the most suitable. A ColourlnformationBox with an unknown colour type may be ignored. Values of the field colour type other than those documented here are reserved.

[0096] The ColourlnformationBox is specific to the VidcoSamplcEntry defined in ISO / IEC 14496-12.A.3.3 Syntax / / Visual Sequences class JAIMSampleEntryO extends VisualSampleEntry ('jaim’){JAIMConfigurationBox();ColomInformationBox(); / / as defined in ISO / IEC 14496-12} class JAIMConfigurationBox extends Box(‘jaiC’) { unsigned int(8) configmation Vers ion = 1; unsigned int(8) stream_profile_idc; unsigned int(8) num_decoder_profiles_minus 1 ; for (i=0; i <= num_decoder_profiles_minus 1 ; i++) unsigned int(8) decoder_profile_idc[i]; unsigned int(8) level idc bit(2) reserved = ‘ 11 ’b; unsigned int(2) colour format ide;unsigned int(3) bit depth idc; unsigned int(l) constantFrameRate; unsigned int(l 6) avgFrameRate;BitRateBox(); / / optional}A.3.4 Semantics

[0097] In the J AIM Configuration BoxQ:— stream_profile_idc, num_decoder_profiles_minusl, decoder_profile_idc[i], level idc, colour format idc, and bit depth idc contain the matching values for the fields stream_profile_idc, num_decoder_profiles_minusl, decoder_profile_idc[ i ], level idc, picture format, and bit depth idc as defined in ISO / IEC 6048- 1 , for each of the JPEG Al codestreams carried in the samples to which the sample entry containing this configuration box applies (simply referred to as “the stream’’ below).— constantFrameRate equal to 1 indicates that the stream is of constant frame rate. Value 0 indicates that the stream may or may not be of constant frame rate.— avgFrameRate gives the average frame rate, in units of frames / (256 seconds), for the stream. Value 0 indicates an unspecified average frame rate.

[0098] In the Visual Sample Entry:— Compressomame the value “\016Motion JPEG Al” is suggested but not required (\016 is 14. the length of the string as a byte)— depth takes one of the following values; other values are reserved, and if found, the composition behaviour is undefined0x18 - images are in colour with no alpha0x28 - images are in colour with alphaAnnex B (normative) Use of JPEG Al coded image sequenes in the HEIF image file formatB.l General

[0099] This aimex specifies a format to encapsulate JPEG Al coded image sequences in the HEIF image file format specified in ISO / IEC 23008-12. Brands for image sequence are specified in B.3.

[0100] NOTE A sample in the context of ISOBMFF (ISO / IEC 14496-12) is “all the data associated with a single time”. In this annex, it is meant as data associated with one coded image, not a “pixel”.B.2 JPEG Al image sequencesB.2.1. General

[0101] Clause B.2 specifies requirements for all files containing one or more JPEG Al coded image sequence tracks. When a brand specified in subclause B.3.2 is among the compatible brands of a file, the requirements specified in B.2 shall be obeyed.

[0102] The specifications of ISO / IEC 23008-12:2017, Clause 7 apply.B.2.2 Derivation from ISO / IEC 14496-12

[0103] The sample entry of type ‘jaim’ shall be used for an image sequence track coded with JPEG Al, as defined in A.3, using the JAIMSampleEntry() and sample format as specified in A.3.

[0104] For a track containing a JPEG Al image sequence, all samples (3.8) are sync samples.B.3 JPEG Al-specific brandsB.3.1 JPEG Al image sequence brandsB.3.1.1 General

[0105] The brand ‘jais’ is specified in the following subclauses.B.3.1.2 Requirements on HEIF fdes

[0106] Files shall include 'msfl ’ among the compatible brands and hence conform to the specifications in ISO / IEC 23008-12:2017, A.3.1.1. Additionally, files shall conform to the specifications in B.2. The value of track enabled shall be equal to 1 and the value of track in movie shall be equal to 1 for at least one image sequence track conforming to the specifications in B.2.

[0107] When the ‘jais’ brand is among the compatible brands, there shall be an image sequence track with the ‘jaim’ sample entry type, track enabled equal to 1, track in movic equal to 1, and each sample entry having a data reference index value such that it is mapped to a DataEntryBox with (entry flags & 1) equal to 1.B.3.1.3 Requirements on HEIF readers

[0108] The requirements on readers specified in ISO / IEC 23008-12:2017, A.3.1.2 shall be supported.

[0109] Readers for the ‘jais’ brand shall be able to display an image sequence track with the ‘jaim’ sample entry type, track enabled equal to 1 and track in movic equal to 1.

[0110] Readers shall support all values allowed by ISO / IEC 23008-12:2017, 7.2.1 for the matrix syntax element of the TrackHeaderBox and shall obey the CleanApertureBox of the visual sample entry- when displaying an image sequence track with the ‘jainf sample entry.

[0111] In other words, readers are required to support rotation by 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees, as controlled by the matrix syntax element, as well as cropping, as controlled by the CleanApertureBox.

[0112] Displaying of an image sequence track with opacity information specified as part of the JPEG Al codestream or by an associated auxiliary track of aux track type equal to um:inpeg:hevc:2015:auxid: 1 should be supported.B.4 JPEG Al coded image sequence in ISO / IEC 23008-12 image files media type registrationB.4.1 General

[0113] The file extension and media type of a file deriving from the ISO base media file format usually reflect the major brand in the FileTypeBox. When the major brand indicates a brand related to subclause B.4.2 (image sequence), the media type defined here should be used. When such a brand is a compatible brand, this media typemay also be used. Subclause B.4.2 provides a media type registration, following Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 6838.B.4.2 Registration

[0114] Media type name: image

[0115] Media subtype name: jais

[0116] Required parameters : none

[0117] Optional parameters :Same as for the media ty pe imagc / hcif. The presence of a sample entry’ of type ‘jaim' is signalled by including a value whose first element is ‘jaim’ in the codecs parameter, for which the value starts with ‘jaim' followed by a dot (‘. ’), further followed by a series of dot-separated (‘.’) values from the JAIMConfigurationBox() as specified in clause A.3 of ISO / IEC 6048-5, starting from stream_profile_idc up to and including level idc, each encoded as a hexadecimal number.

[0118] Encoding considerations: binaryNote: None

[0119] Security considerations:See Media type image / heif. In addition, sample entries of type ‘jaim’ contain structures of variable length and have an extensible syntax. Both aspects present potential security risks for implementations. In particular, variable length structures present buffer overflow risks and extensible syntax could result in the triggering of adverse actions.

[0120] Interoperability considerations:Same as for the Media type image / heif. In addition, sample entries of type ‘jaim’ can conform to one of several profiles and / or require one of several capabilities, e.g. as specified in ISO / IEC 6048-2 - not all of which are necessarily supported by a receiving decoder. As a result, decoders might attempt to process the contents only to determine that they cannot be rendered either partially or in full.

[0121] Published specification: ISO / IEC 6048-5, Information technologies — Learning-based Image Coding — Part 5: JPEG Al file formats

[0122] Applications: Multimedia, Imaging, Pictures, Scientific

[0123] Fragment identifier considerations: same as for Media type image / heif

[0124] Restrictions on usage: None

[0125] Additional information:Depreciated alias names: N / AMagic number(s): NoneFile extension(s): jaisMacintosh File Type Code(s): N / AObject Identifiers: N / A

[0126] Intended usage: CommonNotes: None7. References[1] IETF RFC 6838, Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures[2] ISO / IEC 14496-12: ‘‘Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 12: ISO base media file format’'.[3] ISO / IEC 23009-1 : “Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats”.[4] ISO / IEC 14496-15: “Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 15: Carriage of network abstraction layer (NAL) unit structured video in the ISO base media file format”.[5] ISO / IEC 23008-12: “Information technology — High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments — Part 12: Image File Format”.

[0127] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example video processing system 4000 in which various techniques disclosed herein may be implemented. Various implementations may include some or all of the components of the system 4000. The system 4000 may include input 4002 for receiving video content. The video content may be received in a raw or uncompressed format, e.g., 8 or 10 bit multi-component pixel values, or maybe in a compressed or encoded format. The input 4002 may represent a network interface, a peripheral bus interface, or a storage interface. Examples of network interface include wired interfaces such as Ethernet, passive optical network (PON), etc. and wireless interfaces such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) or cellular interfaces.

[0128] The system 4000 may include a coding component 4004 that may implement the various coding or encoding methods described in the present disclosure. The coding component 4004 may reduce the average bitrate of video from the input 4002 to the output of the coding component 4004 to produce a coded representation of the video. The coding techniques are therefore sometimes called video compression or video transcoding techniques. The output of the coding component 4004 may be either stored, or transmitted via a communication connected, as represented by the component 4006. The stored or communicated bitstream (or coded) representation of the video received at the input 4002 max- be used by a component 4008 for generating pixel values or displayable video that is sent to a display interface 4010. The process of generating user- viewable video from the bitstream representation is sometimes called video decompression. Furthermore, while certain video processing operations are referred to as “coding” operations or tools, it will be appreciated that the coding tools or operations are used at an encoder and corresponding decoding tools or operations that reverse the results of the coding will be performed by a decoder.

[0129] Examples of a peripheral bus interface or a display interface may include universal serial bus (USB) or high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) or Displayport, and so on. Examples of storage interfaces include serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), peripheral component interconnect (PCI), integrated drive electronics (IDE) interface, and the like. The techniques described in the present disclosure may be embodied invarious electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, smartphones or other devices that are capable of performing digital data processing and / or video display.

[0130] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example video processing apparatus 4100. The apparatus 4100 may be used to implement one or more of the methods described herein. The apparatus 4100 may be embodied in a smartphone, tablet, computer, Internet of Things (loT) receiver, and so on. The apparatus 4100 may include one or more processors 4102, one or more memories 4104 and video processing circuitry’ 4106. The processor(s) 4102 may be configured to implement one or more methods described in the present disclosure. The memory (memories) 4104 may be used for storing data and code used for implementing the methods and techniques described herein. The video processing circuitry 4106 may be used to implement, in hardware circuitry, some teclmiques described in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the video processing circuitry 4106 may be at least partly included in the processor 4102, e.g., a graphics co-processor.

[0131] FIG. 3 is a flowchart for an example method 4200 of video processing. The method 4200 determines to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) codec at step 4202. A conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream is performed based on the media file format at step 4204. The conversion may include encoding at an encoder, decoding at a decoder, or combinations thereof.

[0132] ft should be noted that the method 4200 can be implemented in an apparatus for processing video data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, such as video encoder 4400, video decoder 4500, and / or encoder 4600. In such a case, the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method 4200. Further, the method 4200 can be performed by a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device. The computer program product comprises computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method 4200.

[0133] FIG. 4 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system 4300 that may utilize the techniques of this disclosure. The video coding system 4300 may include a source device 4310 and a destination device 4320. Source device 4310 generates encoded video data which may be referred to as a video encoding device. Destination device 4320 may decode the encoded video data generated by’ source device 4310 which may’ be referred to as a video decoding device.

[0134] Source device 4310 may include a video source 4312, a video encoder 4314, and an input / output (I / O) interface 4316. Video source 4312 may include a source such as a video capture device, an interface to receive video data from a video content provider, and / or a computer graphics system for generating video data, or a combination of such sources. The video data may comprise one or more pictures. Video encoder 4314 encodes the video data from video source 4312 to generate a bitstream. The bitstream may include a sequence of bits that form a coded representation of the video data. The bitstream may include coded pictures and associated data. The coded picture is a coded representation of a picture. The associated data may include sequence parameter sets, pictureparameter sets, and other syntax structures. I / O interface 4316 may include a modulator / demodulator (modem) and / or a transmitter. The encoded video data may be transmitted directly to destination device 4320 via I / O interface 4316 through network 4330. The encoded video data may also be stored onto a storage mcdium / scrver 4340 for access by destination device 4320.

[0135] Destination device 4320 may include an I / O interface 4326, a video decoder 4324, and a display device 4322. I / O interface 4326 may include a receiver and / or a modem. I / O interface 4326 max’ acquire encoded video data from the source device 4310 or the storage medium / server 4340. Video decoder 4324 may decode the encoded video data. Display device 4322 may display the decoded video data to a user. Display device 4322 may be integrated with the destination device 4320, or may be external to destination device 4320, which can be configmed to interface with an external display device.

[0136] Video encoder 4314 and video decoder 4324 may operate according to a video compression standard, such as the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, Versatile Video Coding (WC) standard and other current and / or further standards.

[0137] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video encoder 4400, which may be video encoder 4314 in the sy stem 4300 illustrated in FIG. 4. Video encoder 4400 may’ be configured to perform any’ or all of the techniques of this disclosure. The video encoder 4400 includes a plurality of functional components. The teclmiques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of video encoder 4400. In some examples, a processor may be configmed to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosme.

[0138] The functional components of video encoder 4400 may include a partition unit 4401, a prediction unit 4402 which may include a mode select unit 4403. a motion estimation unit 4404, a motion compensation unit 4405, an intra prediction unit 4406, a residual generation unit 4407, a transform processing unit 4408, a quantization unit 4409, an inverse quantization unit 4410, an inverse transform unit 441 1, a reconstruction unit 4412, a buffer 4413, and an entropy encoding unit 4414.

[0139] In other examples, video encoder 4400 may’ include more, few er, or different functional components. In an example, prediction unit 4402 may include an intra block copy (IBC) unit. The IBC unit may perform prediction in an IBC mode in which at least one reference picture is a picture where the current video block is located.

[0140] Furthermore, some components, such as motion estimation unit 4404 and motion compensation unit 4405 may be highly integrated, but are represented in the example of video encoder 4400 separately for purposes of explanation.

[0141] Partition unit 4401 may partition a picture into one or more video blocks. Video encoder 4400 and video decoder 4500 may support various video block sizes.

[0142] Mode select unit 4403 may select one of the coding modes, intra or inter, e.g., based on error results, and provide the resulting intra or inter coded block to a residual generation unit 4407 to generate residual block data and to a reconstruction unit 4412 to reconstruct the encoded block for use as a reference picture. In someexamples, mode select unit 4403 may select a combination of intra and inter prediction (CIIP) mode in which the prediction is based on an inter prediction signal and an intra prediction signal. Mode select unit 4403 may also select a resolution for a motion vector (e.g., a sub-pixel or integer pixel precision) for the block in the case of inter prediction.

[0143] To perform inter prediction on a current video block, motion estimation unit 4404 may generate motion information for the current video block by comparing one or more reference frames from buffer 4413 to the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may determine a predicted video block for the current video block based on the motion information and decoded samples of pictures from buffer 4413 other than the picture associated with the current video block.

[0144] Motion estimation unit 4404 and motion compensation unit 4405 may perform different operations for a current video block, for example, depending on whether the current video block is in an I slice, a P slice, or a B slice.

[0145] In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may perform uni-directional prediction for the current video block, and motion estimation unit 4404 may search reference pictures of list 0 or list 1 for a reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may then generate a reference index that indicates the reference picture in list 0 or list 1 that contains the reference video block and a motion vector that indicates a spatial displacement between the current video block and the reference video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may output the reference index, a prediction direction indicator, and the motion vector as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may generate the predicted video block of the current block based on the reference video block indicated by the motion information of the current video block.

[0146] In other examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may perform bi-directional prediction for the current video block, motion estimation unit 4404 may search the reference pictures in list 0 for a reference video block for the current video block and may also search the reference pictures in list 1 for another reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may then generate reference indexes that indicate the reference pictures in list 0 and list 1 containing the reference video blocks and motion vectors that indicate spatial displacements between the reference video blocks and the current video block. Motion estimation unit 4404 may output the reference indexes and the motion vectors of the current video block as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 4405 may generate the predicted video block of the current video block based on the reference video blocks indicated by the motion information of the current video block.

[0147] In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may output a full set of motion information for decoding processing of a decoder. In some examples, motion estimation unit 4404 may not output a full set of motion information for the current video. Rather, motion estimation unit 4404 may signal the motion information of the current video block with reference to the motion information of another video block. For example, motion estimation unit 4404 may determine that the motion information of the current video block is sufficiently similar to the motion information of a neighboring video block.

[0148] In one example, motion estimation unit 4404 may indicate, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, a value that indicates to the video decoder 4500 that the current video block has the same motion information as another video block.

[0149] In another example, motion estimation unit 4404 may identify, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, another video block and a motion vector difference (MVD). The motion vector difference indicates a difference between the motion vector of the current video block and the motion vector of the indicated video block. The video decoder 4500 may use the motion vector of the indicated video block and the motion vector difference to determine the motion vector of the current video block.

[0150] As discussed above, video encoder 4400 may predictively signal the motion vector. Two examples of predictive signaling teclmiques that may be implemented by video encoder 4400 include advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) and merge mode signaling.

[0151] Intra prediction unit 4406 may perform intra prediction on the current video block. When intra prediction unit 4406 performs intra prediction on the current video block, intra prediction unit 4406 may generate prediction data for the current video block based on decoded samples of other video blocks in the same picture. The prediction data for the current video block may include a predicted video block and various syntax elements.

[0152] Residual generation unit 4407 may generate residual data for the current video block by subtracting the predicted video block(s) of the current video block from the current video block. The residual data of the current video block may include residual video blocks that correspond to different sample components of the samples in the current video block.

[0153] In other examples, there may be no residual data for the current video block for the current video block, for example in a skip mode, and residual generation unit 4407 may not perform the subtracting operation.

[0154] Transform processing unit 4408 may generate one or more transform coefficient video blocks for the current video block by applying one or more transforms to a residual video block associated with the current video block.

[0155] After transform processing unit 4408 generates a transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block, quantization unit 4409 may quantize the transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block based on one or more quantization parameter (QP) values associated with the current video block.

[0156] Inverse quantization unit 4410 and inverse transform unit 4411 may apply inverse quantization and inverse transforms to the transform coefficient video block, respectively’, to reconstruct a residual video block from the transform coefficient video block. Reconstruction unit 4412 may add the reconstructed residual video block to corresponding samples from one or more predicted video blocks generated by the prediction unit 4402 to produce a reconstructed video block associated with the current block for storage in the buffer 4413.

[0157] After reconstruction unit 4412 reconstructs the video block, the loop filtering operation may be performed to reduce video blocking artifacts in the video block.

[0158] Entropy encoding unit 4414 may receive data from other functional components of the video encoder 4400. When entropy encoding unit 4414 receives the data, entropy encoding unit 4414 may perform one or more entropy encoding operations to generate entropy encoded data and output a bitstream that includes the entropy encoded data.

[0159] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video decoder 4500 which may be video decoder 4324 in the system 4300 illustrated in FIG. 4. The video decoder 4500 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. In the example shown, the video decoder 4500 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of the video decoder 4500. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.

[0160] In the example shown, video decoder 4500 includes an entropy decoding unit 4501, a motion compensation unit 4502, an intra prediction unit 4503, an inverse quantization unit 4504, an inverse transformation unit 4505, a reconstruction unit 4506, and a buffer 4507. Video decoder 4500 may, in some examples, perform a decoding pass generally reciprocal to the encoding pass described with respect to video encoder 4400.

[0161] Entropy decoding unit 4501 may retrieve an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may include entropy coded video data (e.g., encoded blocks of video data). Entropy decoding unit 4501 may decode the entropy coded video data, and from the entropy decoded video data, motion compensation unit 4502 may determine motion information including motion vectors, motion vector precision, reference picture list indexes, and other motion information. Motion compensation unit 4502 may, for example, determine such information by performing the AMVP and merge mode.

[0162] Motion compensation unit 4502 may produce motion compensated blocks, possibly performing interpolation based on interpolation filters. Identifiers for interpolation filters to be used with sub-pixel precision may be included in the syntax elements.

[0163] Motion compensation unit 4502 may use interpolation filters as used by video encoder 4400 during encoding of the video block to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of a reference block. Motion compensation unit 4502 may detennine the interpolation filters used by video encoder 4400 according to received syntax information and use the interpolation filters to produce predictive blocks.

[0164] Motion compensation unit 4502 may use some of the syntax information to determine sizes of blocks used to encode frame(s) and / or slice(s) of the encoded video sequence, partition information that describes how each macroblock of a picture of the encoded video sequence is partitioned, modes indicating how each partition is encoded, one or more reference frames (and reference frame lists) for each inter coded block, and other information to decode the encoded video sequence.

[0165] Intra prediction unit 4503 may use intra prediction modes for example received in the bitstream to form a prediction block from spatially adjacent blocks. Inverse quantization unit 4504 inverse quantizes, i.e., de-quantizes, the quantized video block coefficients provided in the bitstream and decoded by entropy decoding unit 4501. Inverse transform unit 4505 applies an inverse transform.

[0166] Reconstruction unit 4506 may sum the residual blocks with the corresponding prediction blocks generated by motion compensation unit 4502 or intra prediction unit 4503 to form decoded blocks. If desired, a deblocking filter may also be applied to filter the decoded blocks in order to remove blockiness artifacts. The decoded video blocks are then stored in buffer 4507, which provides reference blocks for subsequent motion compensation / intra prediction and also produces decoded video for presentation on a display device.

[0167] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an example encoder 4600. The encoder 4600 is suitable for implementing the techniques of WC. The encoder 4600 includes three in-loop filters, namely a deblocking filter (DF) 4602. a sample adaptive offset (SAG) 4604, and an adaptive loop filter (ALF) 4606. Unlike the DF 4602, which uses predefined filters, the SAG 4604 and the ALF 4606 utilize the original samples of the current picture to reduce the mean square errors between the original samples and the reconstructed samples by adding an offset and by applying a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, respectively, with coded side information signaling the offsets and filter coefficients. The ALF 4606 is located at the last processing stage of each picture and can be regarded as a tool trying to catch and fix artifacts created by the previous stages.

[0168] The encoder 4600 further includes an intra prediction component 4608 and a motion estimation / compensation (ME / MC) component 4610 configured to receive input video. The intra prediction component 4608 is configured to perform intra prediction, while the ME / MC component 4610 is configured to utilize reference pictures obtained from a reference picture buffer 4612 to perform inter prediction. Residual blocks from inter prediction or intra prediction are fed into a transform (T) component 4614 and a quantization (Q) component 4616 to generate quantized residual transform coefficients, which are fed into an entropy coding component 4618. The entropy coding component 4618 entropy codes the prediction results and the quantized transform coefficients and transmits the same toward a video decoder (not shown). Quantization components output from the quantization component 4616 may be fed into an inverse quantization (IQ) components 4620, an inverse transform component 4622, and a reconstruction (REC) component 4624. The REC component 4624 is able to output images to the DF 4602, the SAG 4604, and the ALF 4606 for filtering prior to those images being stored in the reference picture buffer 4612.

[0169] A listing of solutions preferred by some examples is provided next.

[0170] The following solutions show examples of techniques discussed herein.

[0171] 1. A method for processing media data comprising: determining a media file format is specified for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) image codec, and a video track carrying a timed image sequence coded using the JPEG Al image codec is referred to as a JPEG Al video track.; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the JPEG Al image codec.

[0172] 2. The method of solution 1 , wherein the media file format is specified based on the ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF).

[0173] 3. The method of solution 1, wherein the media file fonnat is specified based on the high efficiency image file format (HEIF), which is in turn based on the ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF).

[0174] 4. The method of any of solutions 1 -3, wherein each sample in a JPEG Al video track carries a JPEGAl coded image.

[0175] 5. The method of any of solutions 1-4, wherein for a conforming file containing at least one JPEGAl video track, the file type box shall either have a particular brand as the major brand or include the particular brand within the compatibility brand list.

[0176] 6. The method of any of solutions 1-5, wherein the particular brand is ‘jaiO’ or ‘jais’.

[0177] 7. The method of any of solutions 1-6, wherein when the particular brand is among the compatible brands, there shall be an image sequence track with the jaim' sample entry type, track enabled equal to 1, track in movie equal to 1, and each sample entry having a data reference index value such that it is mapped to a DataEntryBox with (entry flags & 1) equal to 1.

[0178] 8. The method of any of solutions 1-7, wherein readers for the particular brand shall be able to display an image sequence track with the ‘jaim’ sample entry type, track enabled equal to 1 and track in movie equal to 1.

[0179] 9. The method of any of solutions 1-8, wherein a particular sample entry type, also referred to as sample entry name, is specified for use by a motion JPEG Al video track.

[0180] 10. The method of any of solutions 1-9, wherein the particular sample entry type is ‘jaim’.

[0181] 11. The method of any of solutions 1-10, wherein a sample entry of the particular sample entry type includes a configuration box that includes one or more of the following information: information on the stream profile to which the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry conforms; information on the decoder profiles provided by the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry: information on the level to which the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry conforms; information on the color fonnat of the output pictures resulted from decoding the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry; information on the bit depth of the output pictures resulted from decoding the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry; frame rate information of the on the sequence of the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry; andbit rate information of the on the sequence of the JPEG Al coded images carried in the samples associated with the sample entry

[0182] 12. The method of any of solutions 1-11, wherein the suggested value for the Compressomame field is “\016Motion JPEG Al”, where \016 is 14, the length of the string as a byte.

[0183] 13. The method of any of solutions 1-12, wherein a media subtype for the media type ‘image" is specified for JPEG Al coded image sequences carried in an ISOBMFF file or an HEIF file.

[0184] 14. The method of any of solutions 1-13, wherein the media subtype is ‘jais’.

[0185] 15. The method of any of solutions 1-14, wherein the presence of a sample on tty of type ‘jaim’ is signalled by including a value whose first element is ‘jaim’ in the codecs parameter, which starts with ‘jaim’, followed by a dot (‘.’), further followed by a series of dot-separated (‘.’) values, where the dot-separated (‘.’) values include a subset of the information carried in the JPEG Al header item property, each value encoded as a hexadecimal number.

[0186] 16. The method of any of solutions 1-15, wherein the conversion includes encoding the visual media data into the bitstream.

[0187] 17. The method of any of solutions 1-15, wherein the conversion includes decoding the visual media data from the bitstream.

[0188] 18. An apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non -transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of solutions 1-17.

[0189] 19. A non-transitoiy computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of solutions 1-17.

[0190] 20. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining a media file format is specified for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) image codec, and a video track carrying a timed image sequence coded using the JPEG Al image codec is referred to as a JPEG Al video track; and generating a bitstream based on the determining.

[0191] 21. A method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining a media file format is specified for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) image codec, and a video track carrying a timed image sequence coded using the JPEG Al image codec is referred to as a JPEG Al video track: generating a bitstream based on the determining; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.

[0192] 22. A method, apparatus, or system described in the present disclosure.

[0193] In the solutions described herein, an encoder may conform to the format rule by producing a coded representation according to the format rule. In the solutions described herein, a decoder may use the format rule to parse syntax elements in the coded representation with the knowledge of presence and absence of syntax elements according to the format rule to produce decoded video.

[0194] In the present disclosure, the term “video processing'’ may refer to video encoding, video decoding, video compression or video decompression. For example, video compression algorithms may be applied during conversion from pixel representation of a video to a corresponding bitstream representation or vice versa. The bitstream representation of a current video block may, for example, correspond to bits that are either co-located or spread in different places within the bitstream, as is defined by the syntax. For example, a macroblock may be encoded in terms of transformed and coded error residual values and also using bits in headers and other fields in the bitstream. Furthermore, dining conversion, a decoder may parse a bitstream with the knowledge that some fields may be present, or absent, based on the determination, as is described in the above solutions. Similarly, an encoder may determine that certain syntax fields are or are not to be included and generate the coded representation accordingly by including or excluding the syntax fields from the coded representation.

[0195] The disclosed and other solutions, examples, embodiments, modules and the functional operations described in this disclosure can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this disclosure and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. The disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmw are, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machinegenerated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.

[0196] A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any fonn of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiplecoordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

[0197] The processes and logic flows described in this disclosure can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by. and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry-, e.g., a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0198] Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random-access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory-, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only- memory (EPROM), electrically- erasable programmable read-only- memory- (EEPROM), and flash memory- devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and compact disc read-only- memory (CD ROM) and Digital versatile disc-read only memory (DVD-ROM) disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

[0199] While the present disclosure contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any subject matter or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular techniques. Certain features that are described in the present disclosure in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially- claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may- be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

[0200] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described in the present disclosure should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments.

[0201] Only a few implementations and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in the present disclosure.

[0202] A first component is directly coupled to a second component when there arc no intervening components, except for a line, a trace, or another medium between the first component and the second component. The first component is indirectly coupled to the second component when there are intervening components other than a line, a trace, or another medium between the first component and the second component. The term “coupled” and its variants include both directly coupled and indirectly coupled. The use of the term “about” means a range including ±10% of the subsequent number unless otherwise stated.

[0203] While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.

[0204] In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate max be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as coupled may be directly coimected or may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method for processing media data, comprising: determining to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) codec; and performing a conversion between a visual media data and a bitstream based on the media file format.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the JPEG Al codec is specified in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) / International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 6048-1.

3. The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein a video track carrying timed image sequences coded using the JPEG Al image codec is referred to as a JPEG Al video track.

4. The method of any of claims 1 -3, wherein the media file format is based on the International Organization for Standardization base media file format (ISOBMFF).

5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the media file format is based on the high efficiency image file format (HEIF), which is based on the International Organization for Standardization base media file format (ISOBMFF).

6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein each sample in a JPEG Al video track carries a JPEG Al coded image.

7. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein for a conforming file containing at least one JPEG Al video track, a file type box has a particular brand as the major brand, and wherein the particular brand is referred to as ‘jaiO’ or ‘jais’.

8. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein for a conforming file containing at least one JPEG Al video track, a file type box includes a particular brand within a compatibility brand list.

9. The method of any of claims 7-8, wherein when the particular brand is a compatible brand, a sample entry type of an image sequence track is ‘j im.’10. The method of any of claims 7-9, wherein when the particular brand is a compatible brand, a track enabled syntax element is equal to 1.

11. The method of any of claims 7-10, wherein when the particular brand is a compatible brand, a track in movie syntax element is equal to 1.

12. The method of any of claims 7-11, wherein when the particular brand is a compatible brand, each sample entry' having a value of a data reference index syntax element mapped to a DataEntryBox with (entry flags & 1) is equal to 1.

13. The method of any of claims 7-12, wherein readers for the particular brand are able to display an image sequence track with a ‘jaim’ sample entry type.

14. The method of any of claims 7-13, wherein readers for the particular brand are able to display an image sequence track with a track enabled syntax element equal to 1.

15. The method of any of claims 7-14, wherein readers for the particular brand are able to display an image sequence track with a track in movie syntax element equal to 1.

16. The method of any of claims 1-15, wherein a value for a Compressomame field comprises “\016Motion JPEG Al,” where \016 is 14, and where a length of a string is a byte.

17. The method of any of claims 1-16, wherein a media subty-pe for a media ty-pe ‘image’ is specified for JPEG Al coded image sequences carried in an ISOBMFF file or in an HEIF file.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the media subty pe for the media type ‘image’ is referred to as ‘jais.’19. The method of any of claims 1-18, wherein a presence of a sample entry of type ‘jaim’ is signalled byincluding a value whose first element is ‘jaim’ in a codecs parameter that starts with ‘jaim’ followed by a dot (‘.’) further followed by a series of dot-separated (‘.’) values, where the dot-separated (‘.’) values include a subset of the information carried in a JPEG Al header, and where each of the dot-separated (‘.’) values is encoded as a hexadecimal number.

20. The method of any' of claims 1-19, wherein the conversion includes encoding the visual media data into the bitstream.

21. The method of any of claims 1-19, wherein the conversion includes decoding the visual media data from the bitstream.

22. An apparatus for processing video data comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of claims 1-21.

23. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer program product for use by a video coding device, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on the non- transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the video coding device to perform the method of any of claims 1-21.

24. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) codec; and generating a bitstream based on the media file format.

25. A method for storing bitstream of a video comprising: determining to specify a media file format for storage of timed image sequences coded using a Joint Photographic Experts Group Artificial Intelligence (JPEG Al) codec; generating a bitstream based on the determining; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.

26. A method, apparatus, or system described in the present disclosure.

Images