Float for real-time, continuous, passive acoustic monitoring, float network and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a float (4) for passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), a system (1) comprising a network of the PAM floats and a method for real-time, continuous PAM of an aquatic environment, wherein the PAM system (1) comprises a network of two or more surface PAM floats (4) in wireless or wired communication with one or more local network and Internet servers, which allows the location of a sound-emitting source (8) to be established and the subaquatic acoustic signals emitted to be captured, transmitted wirelessly to local network and Internet servers and processed either on the servers or beforehand in a processor each float in order to identify the sound-generating source and its location. The system also includes a web platform that allows one or more users to view specific characteristics of each PAM float (4) and to configure hardware and software.

Description

[0001] BUOY FOR PASSIVE, PERMANENT, REAL-TIME ACOUSTIC MONITORING, BUOY NETWORK AND METHOD

[0002] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to the capture and processing of underwater acoustic signals. In particular, the invention relates to a passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) buoy (4), a system comprising a network of passive acoustic monitoring buoys and a method for permanent, real-time passive acoustic monitoring (1 ) of an aquatic / marine environment, and more particularly, to a monitoring system (1 ) comprising a network of two or more passive acoustic monitoring buoys (4) in either wireless or wired communication with one or more local area network and internet servers, which allows establishing the location of the sound-emitting / generating source (8), capturing underwater acoustic signals emitted by a source, wirelessly transmitting such signals to local area network and internet servers, and processing them either on said servers or previously processing them in the processor of each buoy in order to identify the sound-generating source and its location.and also comprising a web platform that allows one or more users to view specific characteristics of each buoy for passive surface acoustic monitoring (4) of the network that makes up the system for passive acoustic monitoring of the aquatic / marine environment (1) and configure both the hardware and software, including each buoy for passive surface acoustic monitoring of the network and the attributes of access and data management according to user.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Chile is a country with high levels of anthropogenic activity in the sea and coast, whether recreational, productive, or border areas, among others. These activities depend largely on the aquatic environment where the aforementioned activities take place, which can directly influence and adversely affect, for example, marine fauna. Therefore, monitoring the aquatic environment plays an important role in ensuring the development of these activities by preventing or reducing disasters that could negatively affect both the proper performance of the activity and the aquatic environment. It also assists in decision-making and provides a reliable guarantee for the sustainable development of maritime activities.

[0006] Furthermore, the ocean presents diverse sound sources that can be generated by biological sources such as marine fauna, among others; natural processes such as rain, wind, waves, among others; geophysical processes such as the movement of tectonic plates; or be of anthropogenic origin such as vessels, pile driving, prospective explosions, or illegal fishing, among others. Each sound source has its own acoustic characteristics, giving rise to different spectra: sound frequency, acoustic pressure, characteristics of these waves in space and time, among others, which allows for the recognition of sound sources, previously identified and labeled. However, the characteristic sounds generated by each source can be altered by the acoustic environment in which they are located.In general, marine monitoring systems comprise buoys that capture the sound of the aquatic environment, obtaining data that is processed by a unit that receives the underwater acoustic signals, where the positions of the buoys are fixed in an approximate position by means of mooring lines so that the acoustic information of the aquatic environment is captured in order to establish that changes in the sounds occur for the monitoring zone / area where the measurements / observations are made. The monitoring zone comprises an array of buoys that form a plurality of observation stations, which capture the underwater acoustic signal and transform them into digital audio signals, which are subsequently processed, either in a separate processing station or directly at the stations ("on the edge").

[0007] Additionally, underwater sounds are captured using a hydrophone or a pre-calibrated array of hydrophones, which receive the hydroacoustic signal, which contains information about the sound generated by the sources present in the monitoring area, as well as their acoustic environment.

[0008] As part of this acoustic environment, the influence of the geography of the monitoring area, the type of seabed and bottom relief, and the depth at which the hydrophones are positioned, among other factors, is highlighted. Recording a baseline of sound is then used to characterize each study sector.

[0009] Comparing received hydroacoustic signals with a reference signal requires considering that the signals occur at different positions and times, which generates error in the measurements since the hydroacoustic characteristics in a monitoring area change greatly due to the influence of the aforementioned factors, which alter the acoustic wave propagation channel.

[0010] In this way, aquatic environment monitoring stations have an important role in the collection of data from said environment since they can collect information on sea conditions, including physical and chemical variables, such as color, turbidity, temperature, degree of salinity, pH, suspended solids, among others, and can be equipped with different sensors, including pH meters, thermocouples, turbidimeters, conductivity sensors, salinity sensors, among others, and have a transmission system that allows sending the collected data in real time or delayed to a processing system in a local processing center or in a web or cloud service environment through practical and effective transmission means, between the station that collects the data and the processing system of the same, including cellular, satellite technology or any means that allows connecting to the network and / or the internet,Depending on the location and network availability. Cloud services are a fundamental part of the data transmission and processing system over the network. They generally deliver processed data to users through web platforms and receive data from computing devices that supply them with the data to be processed. Cloud systems include routing and communications load balancing services, allowing data to be transmitted and received over the network. This ensures that data can be received efficiently and is available for processing and analysis after transmission.

[0011] Likewise, cloud services or microservices are based on devices capable of running a section of code as "applications." Some of the types of applications that can be run by a cloud server include encoders, which allow the conversion of one file format to another; database programs, which allow the storage, organization, and access of data; security applications, which protect data and the device from potential attacks; information encryption, which protects confidential information; VPN transmission, which allows secure connection to a private network over the internet; and web servers, which allow users to access information from anywhere in the world via the internet.

[0012] Among the efforts made for monitoring in marine environments we can mention US7760587B2 (Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems Inc OASIS) which refers to a method and system for monitoring acoustic transmission conditions in underwater areas that is not passive, where a mobile, unmanned submersible vehicle, including a source of acoustic signals, travels a desired path through the water, in an area of ​​interest, transmitting a synchronized acoustic signal as it advances that is received by at least one receiver separate from the submersible vehicle, generating data representing the acoustic properties of the environment in the water, the at least one receiver preferably being a hydrophone with a fixed location.

[0013] CN203714144U (Jiaxing Engineering Center Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences) refers to a smart GPS buoy, which has a detectable signal frequency range of 10 Hz-40 kHz and a dynamic range of 90 dB, wireless communication means for data transmission, and a control platform that allows the display of defined descriptors for the aquatic environment, and that enables, in real time, precise positioning and tracking of underwater targets, noise monitoring, underwater survey and underwater monitoring, among others.

[0014] CN1 11232131 A (Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute of CAPS) refers to a real-time monitoring system for a marine fishery cultivation area, comprising a plurality of underwater sensor nodes with hydrological and water quality sensors, a plurality of surface smart buoy nodes with hydrological, water quality, and sea surface meteorological sensors, and a land monitoring system, where the underwater sensor nodes and the surface smart buoy nodes exchange data through underwater acoustic communication, and the positions of the underwater sensor nodes are measured according to the underwater acoustic positioning; and the land monitoring system receives the data transmitted by the marine surface smart buoy node through satellite communication and obtains the position data of the underwater sensor node.

[0015] CN10331061 OB (Shanghai Jiaotong University) refers to a mobile network type system for monitoring sea waves in the neritic zone having a smart buoy and an intelligent submersible vehicle, including intelligent beaconing, an intelligent submersible vehicle system, and a ground data terminal system, where the intelligent beaconing system and the intelligent submersible vehicle are connected by a satellite system composed of a position locating satellite and a communication satellite with a ground data terminal system, respectively, which completes autonomous submarine research from sea to seabed, and improves positioning accuracy and research efficiency with real-time data passing through communication between nodes.

[0016] CN1 11238568B (China Academy of Electronic and Information Technology of CETC) refers to an integrated underwater detection and communication system that integrates detection and communication with an underwater target, ensuring communication performance and simultaneously taking into account active detection capability, effectively utilizing a channel and improving signal utilization rate, comprising a fixed node and a mobile node, wherein the fixed node comprises: the main buoy node which is provided with first integrated communication and detection equipment and is used to detect underwater targets and obtain detection data and carry out underwater data communication; the wireless communication equipment is used to transmit first characteristic information of the target or send it to a land-based data center, and can also receive control instructions and communication information;a signal processing device for extracting target spectrum information and said first target characteristic information from the sonar data; the submerged buoy is provided with a passive monitoring array, a second integrated communication and detection device (CTD), and a first CTD; the mobile node includes the sub-buoy node being provided with a third CTD, and the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) being provided with a fourth CTD and a second CTD.

[0017] WO2014023925A1 (North Sea Systems Limited) relates to a sounding apparatus and method for collecting sensor data in a body of water, comprising a buoy with a first sensor means and a transmitter for transmitting collected sensor data to a receiver, wherein a mooring attached to a buoy has a second sensor means and the junction therebetween receives the second sensor data, wherein environmental data can be collected under harsh environmental conditions due to the mooring design of the buoy to the seabed and an internal continuous power supply system for the sensors and telemetry, giving it extended operational autonomy, wherein a radio transmitter enables communication of the buoy with a system located on land, wherein the structural member of the buoy to mooring connection is a rope, wherein the power system is electrical cabling that provides communication and power to the sensors mounted on the mooring.

[0018] CN106441553B (Ocean University of China) refers to an acoustic monitoring method and system based on marine ambient noise, which comprises driving the system with the ocean current by a buoy to receive the marine ambient noise signal under the control of the internal control computer, and filtering, gain amplifying, and sampling and storing the sampled marine ambient noise data; and finally, carrying out hydrophone array type correction and inversion of seabed water depth and layered structure information, the method thus being simple in steps, convenient in implementation, high in measurement efficiency, and reliable in monitoring result.The system comprises an internal control computer connected to a receiving unit, a clock synchronization unit and an upper computer, wherein the receiving unit is connected with a hydrophone array comprising 3 to 16 hydrophones, being of simple structure, low cost and convenient use, and has a wide application value.

[0019] US9625592B2 (Sercel SAS) relates to a method for locating a marine animal in an underwater environment by a passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) system including a network of acoustic sensors adapted to perform measurements of acoustic signals, and the data thus obtained define a dimensional representation space of the underwater environment discretized into a plurality of predefined cells, where for each cell of a predefined set, an error defined as a value of a cost function for the cell is obtained, the cost function giving a deviation between: at least some of the measured data and corresponding theoretical data obtained assuming that the marine animal is located in the cell, the errors obtained for the predefined set of cells allow to obtain at least one information on the location of the marine animal.

[0020] WO2014164337A1 (Teledyne Instruments, Inc. D / B / A Teledyne Bethos) relates to a passive heading detector, comprising a plurality of hydrophones that are arranged in a three-dimensional geometry exposed to an ambient aquatic acoustic environment, and further a processor electrically coupled to the plurality of hydrophones, configured to determine a direction of arrival of an unknown broadband acoustic signal received by the plurality of hydrophones based on the phase difference of the unknown broadband acoustic signal at each of the plurality of hydrophones.

[0021] EP4069580A1 (Sercel SAS) describes a marine vessel having a hull with a system for detecting one or more marine mammals, having at least one sensor for receiving acoustic signals and converting them into electrical signals and an analysis system configured to analyze such electrical signals, and where the at least one sensor is coupled to the hull on its inner side to allow acoustic signals to be received therethrough, and associated method. US20100290316A1 (Universite de Toulon) relates to the estimation of the trajectory of at least one marine animal that emits sound signals in the form of clicking signals, such as a cetacean, is passively determined.Analog signals acquired from a plurality of hydrophones arranged in an aquatic environment are processed over time and converted into digital data, which are then filtered to remove spurious noise and maintain pure data for each hydrophone pair over time, corresponding to potential values ​​(TDOA) for the time difference of arrival of sound signals at two different hydrophones. For each hydrophone pair, the TDOA consistency is checked, and several filtered and mutually consistent TDOAs are selected. Based on the filtered and mutually consistent TDOAs, the successive instantaneous positions of the sources are determined by nonlinear regression, and the trajectory of at least one marine animal in the environment is inferred in real time.

[0022] W02013007482A1 (Sercel) relates to a method for automatic detection of marine animals by means of a detection device that allows obtaining measurements of acoustic signals collected by at least one acoustic sensor in an underwater environment, and comprises, at least one of a first channel for detecting frequency-modulated sounds and a second channel for detecting impulsive sounds, each channel comprising detecting sounds by implementing in parallel several detection channels, each of which has a fixed and different value for at least one degree of freedom; and the detection channel having a maximum signal-to-noise ratio is selected, the signal-to-noise ratio of the selected detection channel being compared with a determined threshold, and an alarm decision is made, indicating the presence of at least one marine animal, based on the output of the first channel and / or the output of the second channel.

[0023] CN1 10422281 B (Weihai Zhihui Marine Technology Co ltd Shandong Lanhai Fuel Ice Exploration and Development Research Institute Co) refers to an ocean Internet of Things smart buoy, a water surface and underwater target detection system and method, wherein a water surface smart buoy, an underwater sensor, and an underwater sensor unit having a bearing cabin, a universal bracket, a sealed vacuum constant temperature sensor cabin, a three-component gravity sensor, a three-component magnetic field sensor, a three-component attitude sensor, a high-sensitivity hydrophone array type, a sensor signal amplification and data acquisition module and a sensor data storage and data transmission module, and a counterweight ring,A ring of buoyancy material and a wave fluctuation damping device are arranged on an armored communication cable to connect the water surface smart buoy and the underwater sensor unit. A low-orbit communication satellite and a coastal Internet of Things monitoring center can detect or monitor in real time a target that enters a detection range of the system and moves on the surface of or under the surface of the water, or floats in the water, or is silent on the seabed, and is of high precision. There are scientific publications that refer to the detection and localization of marine animals and their classification using passive acoustic techniques such as "Detection and localization of marine mammals using passive acoustics", Canadian Acoustics, Vol. 32, 2004; "Detection and localization of marine mammals using passive acoustics", Applied Acoustics, Vol. 67,2006; "Detection and classification of marine mammals using passive acoustics", Canadian Acoustics, Vol. 36, 2008; "Detection, classification, localization and census of marine mammals with passive acoustics monitoring", Applied Acoustics, vol. 71, 2010; W. Mr. X. Zimmer, J. Harwood, P.L. Tyack, P. Johnson, and P.T. Madsen, "Passive acoustic detection of deep-diving beaked whales", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.124, pp. 2823-2832, 2008) but these solutions cannot be applied to an autonomous communication system, they depend on operator training to adjust the settings or algorithm architecture, they do not automatically adapt to the properties of the biological sound produced / emitted, they cannot identify marine animal sounds in a single process, among other disadvantages. Monitoring of an aquatic environment then remains a concern as traditional methods use active signals,such as sonar monitoring from a known location, where the active signal needs to be reflected off a surface and returned to the source of the active signal for monitoring to occur, and passive monitoring systems and methods are required with offshore platforms where the acoustic signals have unknown characteristics. The main objective of this monitoring system and method is to eliminate or reduce the noise generated by conventional mooring lines without reducing the necessary strength to handle and withstand the stress demands placed on them due to the structural requirements to which they are subjected by the action of wind, waves and marine currents.

[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention relates to a buoy for passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), a system comprising a network of two or more buoys for autonomous passive acoustic monitoring and a permanent passive acoustic monitoring method of an underwater / manual environment, useful for detecting, locating and classifying / identifying a source emitting underwater acoustic signals as a biological emitting source, a natural emitting source, a geological emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source, comprising: a) a first subsystem for capturing underwater acoustic signals, which processes such signals and stores and transmits, either wirelessly or by cable, data associated with them, comprising an arrangement or network of two or more buoys for passive acoustic monitoring or stations, independent for capturing and processing underwater acoustic signals, located in a body of water, such as the sea,and b) a second subsystem for additional processing of data associated with said acoustic signals that are received from the first subsystem for capturing acoustic signals, comprising one or more local network servers, web network or both, for processing and storing data associated with said acoustic signals, and fixed or mobile devices for viewing the processed data, by independent users, through a web platform, controlling the first subsystem for capturing underwater acoustic signals, and configuring the web platform.

[0026] The first subsystem comprises a network comprising two or more buoys for underwater surface acoustic monitoring and each buoy for passive acoustic monitoring comprises a mooring line of its own design that cancels or reduces the generation of noise typical of conventional mooring lines, without reducing the resistance necessary to handle the stress demands placed on it, due to the structural requirements to which it is subjected by the action of wind, waves and marine currents. Essentially, the mooring line comprises a steel cable with a nylon sheath to fix the position of the buoy, and gives it resistance and, unlike conventional ropes, can be successfully subjected to the demanding efforts of the aquatic environment, in particular, by the action of waves, wind, marine currents, among others.and does not deform due to its elasticity. The steel cable with a nylon sheath also allows the attachment of hydrophones that capture the underwater acoustic signals emitted by the aforementioned emitting sources, which does not occur with conventional ropes. In this way, the mooring line of the system of the present invention has been designed to extend its useful life, and therefore, it comprises two sections: an upper section comprising the smart buoy with a weight attached to the lower part, and an upper cable comprising at least one pair of vertical, horizontal or both hydrophones, attached to each other, and which is coated with nylon to reduce damage from fouling and fishing hooks and galvanic corrosion when the hydrophones are attached to the upper cable by means of metal clamps; and a lower section comprising a lower cable that supports the load received by the entire mooring line,comprising flotation buoys and a rotating connection with the bottom anchoring means, which allow the torsion generated by the buoy on the anchor line to be dissipated by the use of a rotating connection means, which reduces or eliminates the damage caused by the action of wind and sea currents on the buoy, and prevents the lower cable from falling / resting on its weight, and instead, it floats, respectively.

[0027] In the second data processing subsystem, the web platform allows one or more users to view monitoring and analysis descriptors in real time, including audio recordings, sound frequency spectra, detection occurrence indicators, among others. It also utilizes the attributes of various cloud components to ensure the scalability, flexibility, and security of monitoring and detection. Cloud storage services are used to access large amounts of data associated with underwater acoustic signals in real time, as these cloud storage services allow rapid access to data and guarantee their availability and redundancy.

[0028] In addition, the web platform uses cloud computing services to process data and run real-time analysis and pattern detection algorithms. This enables acoustic analysis that allows for the timely and accurate detection of biological events of interest, such as the detection of a marine species; anthropogenic events, such as the detection of a vessel; and geological or tectonic events, such as landforms or earthquakes.

[0029] Cloud network services are also used to ensure the connectivity and security of the web platform. This includes firewalls, VPNs, and load balancers to ensure the security and availability of the web platform.

[0030] Finally, cloud-based management and monitoring services are used to monitor and optimize the performance and scalability of the web platform. This includes performance monitoring tools, log analysis, and real-time alerts to ensure the web platform runs optimally at all times.

[0031] The platform features a web interface that allows users to interact with the system and access data. The user interface can include interactive graphs, tables, and maps that allow users to view and analyze data associated with underwater acoustic signals, including the type of sound-emitting source detected (biological, natural, geological / tectonic, anthropogenic), the proximity of the source to a predetermined reference position, alterations in the underwater sound frequency spectrum characteristic of the monitoring location, among others, in addition to data on the status of the independent stations' hardware.

[0032] The web platform efficiently integrates with all components of both the second data processing subsystem and the first underwater acoustic signal data capture and processing subsystem, providing users with an intuitive and effective handling experience. Through the web platform, users can access, control, and define a wide range of features and functionalities of both the first underwater acoustic signal capture subsystem and the second data processing subsystem, including: a) Real-time monitoring: users can view / display the data associated with the aforementioned underwater acoustic signals in real time and monitor any changes / alterations / events in the patterns of the underwater acoustic signals, the web platform providing analysis tools that include graphs, interactive tables, among others,which help users better understand the displayed data and facilitate prompt, informed decision-making; b) Hardware monitoring and control: users can adjust the settings of this system, including the sensitivity in capturing underwater acoustic signals, the detection range of optional sensors, including pH meters, thermocouples, turbidimeters, conductivity sensors, salinity sensors, among others, to adapt to the specific monitoring needs. In addition, it allows to know the operating status, that is, stopped or active; energy level, among others, of each independent station, and manage / administer / control the electronic components of each buoy for passive acoustic monitoring, either in the capture of underwater acoustic signals or in their processing, storage and transmission, whether wireless or wired,from the first underwater acoustic signal capture subsystem to the second data processing subsystem, c) Alerts and notifications: the web platform also allows the generation of automatic notifications when specific sound patterns are detected / identified, changes in said patterns with respect to the conventional patterns that characterize the place, among others. The specific patterns increase over time as the database of the one or more local network servers and one or more internet or web servers (cloud) increase the sound signal data and the classifications and identifications of the emitting sources of said sound signals, where the alerts can be audible or visual, preferably the visual alerts can be selected from one or more light alerts, graphic alerts, text alerts, among others,While audible alerts can be selected from the sound of one or more sirens, horns, bells, audio messages, among others. d) Data storage and retrieval: The solution architecture stores all data received from the first underwater sound signal capture subsystem and allows easy access to it. e) User and permission management: The web platform allows attributes to be managed by user, assigning specific authorizations to configure the web platform according to the user's role and granting access to the data that can be viewed.

[0033] The present invention also relates to a permanent passive acoustic monitoring method based on the system described above, useful for detecting, locating and classifying / identifying a source emitting underwater acoustic signals (sound waves) as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source.

[0034] In addition to being applicable to the detection of underwater acoustic signals, preferably for marine conservation purposes, this system and method can also be used in defense and security, for example, to monitor border areas and detect vessels that have crossed them; to monitor nocturnal activities carried out by detected vessels and identify whether they may be considered criminal; to monitor underwater tremors or ground movements, determine their intensity, and issue alerts, if necessary; and to acquire geological data from the seabed, among other applications.

[0035] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0036] Figure 1 shows a schematic of the present passive, autonomous and permanent underwater acoustic monitoring and real-time event detection system in an underwater environment.

[0037] Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of the present method of passive, autonomous, and permanent underwater acoustic monitoring and real-time event detection in an underwater environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] The present invention relates to a buoy for passive acoustic monitoring (4), useful for capturing underwater acoustic signals from emitting sources of one or more biological and natural sources, geological and seismic sources or anthropogenic sources, in an aquatic / marine environment, where the biological emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others, as a natural source the rain, wind, waves, among others can be selected; the geological emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowings of the terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motors, preferably, said vessels are selected from launches, boats, ships, driven vessels for piloting, prospective explosions or illegal fishing, among others, comprising: a) a hollow and / or floating filled polymeric body or buoy with a lower ballast (12) and a sealed electronic box,at its upper end, b) an anchor mooring line comprising two parts: an upper part formed by an upper cable (18) and a lower part formed by a lower cable (19) and a linear seabed anchoring means (17); where the ballast buoy is attached to the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line, the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line is attached to the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the mooring line, and the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the line, which is attached to the anchoring means by means of joining means (14, 16), where the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19) are of different materials, and of equal or different lengths, the upper cable being able to have a shorter length than the lower cable or the upper cable being longer than the lower cable, where each end of the upper cable (18) and each end of the lower cable (19) comprise hooking or fitting means,fixed or removable, which receive the joining means (14, 16), where the hooking or fitting means are selected from one or more of anchor ring-connector / hook, male-female fitting, among others, where the upper, lower cable or both, comprises at least two hydrophones (13) with protective housing, located vertically, horizontally or both, joined to the upper and / or lower cable (18) by means of fastening means, where the fastening means of each hydrophone can be selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, hooks, metal clips, washers with clip, metal flanges, among others, which join the hydrophones (13) to the upper and / or lower cable (18), and where said at least two hydrophones are connected by means of data transmission cables to the sealed polymeric electronic box of each buoy (4), where the lower cable (19) comprises at its lower end, at least one flotation buoy (15) which prevent the lower cable from falling under its weight,and instead, said lower end floats, where the lower end of the upper cable (18) with the upper end of the lower cable (19) are joined by rotating joining means (16), where the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed are joined by rotating joining means (16), where the ballast (12) gives verticality to the buoy (4), by moving the center of mass towards the bottom, and which can be selected from a steel ballast, preferably a galvanized steel ballast, even more preferably a galvanized steel ballast with paint to reduce marine life that can be added to its surface, where the ballast (12) is located on the outer surface of the lower part of the buoy (4), and is joined thereto by means of fixing means selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, hooks, metal clips, clip washers, metal flanges, among others,where the sealed polymeric electronic box can be selected from a sealed polyester box, inside which an electronic circuit is housed; an on and off means that is activated / deactivated by a controller means; a data storage medium or memory; a data processor; a GPS and standard electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits or chips and inductors; a receiving means for the hydrophone transmission cables (13); and on the sealed polymeric electronic box is located a wireless data transmission means (5), which sends data from the buoy (4) to the independent station of the network to which it belongs and the independent station sends it to one or more local network servers and one or more internet or web network servers or only to one or more internet or web network servers; one or more power supply sources (6),preferably the power supply is selected from one or more of: solar panels / cells, and an energy storage battery that is activated at night or on cloudy days or low sunlight; and optionally one or more sensor means selected from water temperature sensors, air temperature sensors, luminosity sensors, sensors that measure wind speed, sensors that measure wave height at sea, among others, where the at least two hydrophones (13) of the upper, lower cable (19) or both of the mooring line, are located vertically in the water column and parallel to each other, to allow triangulation of the captured underwater acoustic signals, where the underwater acoustic signals captured by the hydrophones (13) can be processed either separately or jointly, by the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box,where each hydrophone (13) can be optional and previously calibrated by direct comparison with a test hydrophone having the calibration indicated by the manufacturer, which allows obtaining the Sound Pressure Levels (NPS) in decibels referenced to 1 pPa, where each hydrophone sends, through data transmission cables, the underwater acoustic signals to the buoy (4), where the means of joining the anchor line can be selected metallic joining means, preferably they can be selected from metallic shackles, and even more preferably galvanized metallic shackles can be selected,where the joining means (14) between a buoy (4) and the upper end of the upper cable (18) and the lower end of the upper cable and the upper end of the lower cable (19) is selected from a galvanized metal shackle while the connection between the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) is selected from an arrangement comprising an upper galvanized metal shackle, a rotating / untwisting metal joining means and a lower galvanized metal shackle, where the upper galvanized metal shackle is joined to the rotating metal joining means and the rotating metal joining means is joined to a lower galvanized metal shackle, and where the rotating metal joining means comprises at its ends, an upper ring and a lower ring,which receive or allow the union between upper galvanized metallic shackle and the rotating metallic union means and the rotating metallic union means and the lower metallic shackle, where the union means (14) between ends of lower cable (18) and upper cable (19) can be stiffened by covering this union with hot-melt rubber tape, which reduces the noise generated by the movement of the joined parts, where the upper cable (18) is selected from a steel cable with polymeric sheath / coating, preferably a steel cable with nylon sheath, which resists or does not suffer damage from fouling and fishing hooks, and also reduces galvanic corrosion due to the coating while the lower cable (19) is selected from a braided polymeric rope, preferably a braided polyester rope, which gives the buoy (4) a bearing and reduces the possibility of the lower cable (19) reaching an oblique position,and furthermore the polymeric rope does not float in sea water and, therefore, does not produce alterations on the surface, and complementarily, reduces the swung of the anchor line, likewise the polymeric rope is resistant to friction, sea water, and UV radiation, and being a braided material allows the torsion on the lower cable (19) to be transferred to the elements to which it is attached, where the arrangement of an upper galvanized metal shackle, a rotating / untwisting metal joining means and a lower galvanized metal shackle, allowing the torsion generated by the buoy (4) on the upper cable (18) to be transferred to the lower cable (19) and thus, dissipated by the rotating metal joining means (16), this torsion dissipation being essential to reduce or eliminate the action of the wind and marine currents on the buoy (4),where the connection between the lower cable (19) and the anchoring means (17) can be stiffened in the same manner as previously described for the connection of the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19), but keeping the rotating point of the rotating metallic connection means free, where the linear anchoring means / dead weight (17) can be selected from an anchor of a weight that allows the surface buoy (4) to be kept approx. in a predetermined place, and where the anchor can be selected from a steel anchor, a concrete anchor, among others, the flotation buoy (15) being joined to the lower cable (19) either tangentially or centrally when the flotation buoys are selected from ring buoys or through buoys, where the distance between said flotation buoys is according to the length of the mooring line, and they confer verticality to the mooring line in the lower part, preventing it from dragging on the seabed,and where the means of joining the flotation buoys to the lower cable correspond to fastening means that can be selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, hooks, metal clips, clip washers, metal flanges, among others, where the GPS allows to establish the location of the surface buoy (4) with a minimum error, and also provide the time to a time synchronization server or NTP (Network Time Protocol), which has a high precision functioning as a primary clock (precision reference clock, PRC) or Stratum 1, allowing to synchronize in the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box, the underwater acoustic signals captured by each hydrophone (13) of each independent station array (2) that are located in different positions, recording the same with an accuracy of 1 millisecond due to the use of the unixtime format,where the wireless transmission means send to one or more local network servers and the Internet or web network or only the Internet or web network servers, synchronized data associated with the underwater acoustic signals captured by each independent station, optionally, the buoy (4) may further comprise one or more oceanographic, meteorological or both sensors, preferably pH sensors, water turbidity sensors, water conductivity sensors, biological oxygen demand (BOD) sensors, chemical oxygen demand (COD) sensors, among others, where the wireless data transmission means can be selected from cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means, preferably Wi-Fi transmission means, depending on the location of the first capture and processing subsystem (2) and the second data processing subsystem (3) of the passive acoustic monitoring system (1 ),where the biological and natural type emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others, as a biological source, or rain, wind, waves, as a natural source; the geological type emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowings of the terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motors, preferably, said vessels are selected from motorboats, boats, ships, pile driving, prospective explosions or illegal fishing, among others. where the data processed from each independent station, taken together, allow generating a data matrix that can establish at any time, coordinates associated with the detected underwater acoustic signal, and the main characteristics of the detected underwater acoustic signal, which can be selected from one or more of intensity of the underwater acoustic signal,frequency of the underwater acoustic signal, duration of the underwater acoustic signal, among others, and optionally, one or more of the following characteristics of the monitoring system: establish identification (ID) and operating status of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating status of each smart surface buoy (4), identification (ID) of each hydrophone (13), among others, and in addition and also optionally, one or more of the following characteristics of the environment of the monitoring area: water temperature, intensity of luminosity, wind speed, intensity of sea movement, pH of the water, conductivity of the water, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), among others, and where the processed data are stored in the memory of each smart surface buoy (4) before being sent to the second data processing subsystem (3).

[0039] The present invention also relates to an autonomous, permanent / continuous passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) system for an aquatic / marine environment (1), useful for detecting, locating and classifying / identifying an emitting source (8) of underwater acoustic signals as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological / seismic emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source, in aquatic / marine environments, where the biological emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others; as a natural source, rain, wind, waves, among others, can be selected; the geological emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowing of the terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motors, preferably, said vessels are selected from motorboats, boats, ships, piloted vessels, prospective explosions or illegal fishing vessels, among others.comprising: a) a first subsystem (2) or aquatic subsystem for capturing underwater acoustic signals comprising an array or network of independent stations for capturing underwater acoustic signals located at sea, which captures and processes said underwater acoustic signals coming from one or more emitting sources (8), which produce an event or temporary alteration in the permanent / continuous passive monitoring area, and stores, processes and transmits either wirelessly or by cable, to a second data processing subsystem (3), audios associated with said underwater acoustic signals, and b) a second subsystem (3) or terrestrial data processing subsystem, comprising one or more local network servers (10) and internet or web network servers (9), or only one or more internet or web network servers (10), for processing and storing data associated with said underwater acoustic signals received from the first subsystem,and fixed or mobile devices (11) for viewing the data processed independently by the user through a web platform, which also allows controlling the storage and processing of underwater acoustic signals of the first subsystem, the activation of the power supply of the first subsystem, the storage or processing of data from the one or more local network servers and internet or web network servers or internet or web network servers, the configuration of administration attributes and viewing of data processed by the web platform, comprising the arrangement or network of independent stations located at sea, at least two independent stations, where each station comprises at least two buoys (4),and where each buoy (4) comprises an anchor mooring line in two parts comprising: an upper part comprising an upper cable (18) and a lower part comprising a lower cable (19) and a linear anchoring means (17) of seabed; where joining means join: a buoy (4) with the upper cable (18), the upper cable (18) with the lower cable (19), and the lower cable (19) with the anchoring means (17), where each end of the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19) comprise hooking or fitting means, fixed or removable, which receive the joining means (14, 16), where the hooking or fitting means are selected from one or more of anchor ring-connector / hook, male-female fit, among others, where the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19) are of different materials, and of equal or different lengths,the upper cable being able to have a shorter length than the lower cable or the upper cable being longer than the lower cable, where fastening means join the at least two hydrophones (13) with a protective casing to the upper cable (18), where the fastening means can be selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, hooks, metal clips, washers with clips, metal flanges, among others, that join the hydrophones (13) to the upper cable (18), and where said at least two hydrophones are connected by means of transmission cables to each buoy (4), where the lower cable (19), at its lower end, comprises at least one flotation buoy (15) that prevents the lower cable from falling on its weight, and instead, said lower end floats,where rotating joining means (16) join the lower end of the upper cable (18) with the upper end of the lower cable (19) and the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed, where each buoy (4) of the arrangement or network of independent stations for capturing underwater acoustic signals (2), are located at a distance from each other according to the characteristics of the monitoring area, thus being able to be located both equidistant from each other and at different distances, that is, with at least one independent station of the network being further away from the other independent station of the network, and likewise, each buoy of each independent station of the network is located at a distance from the coast according to the characteristics of the monitoring area, thus being able to be located either close to or far from the coast, each buoy (4) comprising: a) a floating hollow polymeric body or buoy with a lower ballast (12) and a sealed electronic box,at its upper end, b) an anchor mooring line comprising two parts: an upper part formed by an upper cable (18) and a lower part formed by a lower cable (19) and a linear seabed anchoring means (17); where the ballast buoy is attached to the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line, the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line is attached to the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the mooring line, and the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the mooring line is attached to the anchoring means by means of attachment means (14, 16), where the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19) are made of different materials, and of equal or different lengths, the upper cable being able to have a shorter length than the lower cable or the upper cable being longer than the lower cable, where each end of the upper cable (18) and each end of the lower cable (19) comprise hooking or fitting means,fixed or removable, which receive the joining means (14, 16), where the hooking or fitting means are selected from one or more of anchor ring-connector / hook, male-female fitting, among others, where the upper cable comprises at least two hydrophones (13) with protective housing, located vertically, horizontally or both, joined to the upper cable (18) by means of fastening means, where the fastening means of each hydrophone can be selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, hooks, metal clips, washers with clip, metal flanges, among others, which join the hydrophones (13) to the upper cable (18), and where said at least two hydrophones are connected by means of data transmission cables to the sealed polymeric electronic box of each smart surface buoy (4), where the lower cable (19) comprises at its lower end, at least one flotation buoy (15) that prevents the lower cable from falling under its weight, and instead,said lower end floats, where the lower end of the upper cable (18) with the upper end of the lower cable (19) are joined by rotating joining means (16), where the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed are joined by rotating joining means (16), where the ballast (12) gives verticality to the buoy (4), by moving the center of mass towards the bottom, and which can be selected from a steel ballast, preferably a galvanized steel ballast, even more preferably a galvanized steel ballast with paint to reduce marine life that can be added to its surface, where the ballast (12) is located on the outer surface of the bottom of the buoy, and where the ballast (12) is attached to the buoy by fixing means selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, hooks, metal clips, clip washers, metal flanges, among others,where the sealed polymeric electronic box can be selected from a sealed polyester box, inside which an electronic circuit is housed; an on and off means that is activated / deactivated by a controller means; a data storage medium or memory; a data processor; a GPS and standard electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits or chips and inductors; a receiving means for the hydrophone transmission cables (13); and a wireless data transmission means (5) is located on the sealed polymeric electronic box,which sends data from the smart surface buoy (4) to one or more local network servers and one or more internet or web network servers or only to one or more internet or web network servers; one or more power supply sources (6) selected from one or more solar panels / cells and an energy storage battery that is activated at night or on cloudy days or low sunlight; and optionally one or more oceanographic and / or meteorological sensor means, preferably sensors selected from water temperature sensors, air temperature sensors, luminosity sensors, sensors that measure wind speed, sensors that measure wave height at sea, among others, where the underwater acoustic signals captured by the hydrophones (13) can be processed either separately or jointly, by the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box,where each hydrophone (13) can be optional and previously calibrated by direct comparison with a test hydrophone having the calibration indicated by the manufacturer, which allows obtaining the Sound Pressure Levels (NPS) in decibels referenced to 1 pPa, where each hydrophone sends, through data transmission cables, the underwater acoustic signals to the buoy (4), where the means of joining the anchor line can be selected metallic joining means, preferably they can be selected from metallic shackles, and even more preferably galvanized metallic shackles can be selected,where the joining means (14) between a buoy (4) and the upper end of the upper cable (18) and the lower end of the upper cable and the upper end of the lower cable (19) is selected from a galvanized metal shackle while the connection between the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) is selected from an arrangement comprising an upper galvanized metal shackle, a rotating / untwisting metal joining means and a lower galvanized metal shackle, where the upper galvanized metal shackle is joined to the rotating metal joining means and the rotating metal joining means is joined to a lower galvanized metal shackle, and where the rotating metal joining means comprises at its ends, an upper ring and a lower ring,which receive or allow the union between upper galvanized metallic shackle and the rotating metallic union means and the rotating metallic union means and the lower metallic shackle, where the union means (14) between ends of lower cable (18) and upper cable (19) can be rigidized by covering this union with hot-melt rubber tape, which reduces the noise generated by the movement of the joined parts, where the upper cable (18) is selected from a steel cable with polymeric sheath / coating, preferably a steel cable with nylon sheath, which resists or does not suffer damage from fouling and fishing hooks, and also reduces galvanic corrosion due to the coating while the lower cable (19) is selected from a braided polymeric rope, preferably a braided polyester rope, which gives the buoy a bearing and reduces the possibility of the lower cable (19) reaching an oblique position,and furthermore the polymeric rope does not float in sea water and, therefore, does not produce alterations on the surface, and complementarily, reduces the swung of the anchor line, likewise the polymeric rope is resistant to friction, sea water, and UV radiation, and being a braided material allows the torsion on the lower cable (19) to be transferred to the elements to which it is attached, where the arrangement of an upper galvanized metal shackle, a rotating / untwisting metal joining means and a lower galvanized metal shackle, allowing the torsion generated by the smart buoy (4) on the upper cable (18) to be transferred to the lower cable (19) and thus, dissipated by the rotating metal joining means (16), this torsion dissipation being essential to reduce or eliminate the action of the wind and marine currents on the smart buoy (4),where the connection between the lower cable (19) and the anchoring means (17) can be stiffened in the same manner described above for the connection of the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19), but keeping the rotating point of the rotating metallic connection means free, where the linear anchoring means / dead weight (17) can be selected from an anchor of a weight that allows the surface smart buoy (4) to be kept approx. in a predetermined place, and where the anchor can be selected from a steel anchor, a concrete anchor, among others, the flotation buoy (15) being joined to the lower cable (19) either tangentially or centrally when it is selected from an annular buoy or through buoy, where the location of the flotation buoy is according to the length of the mooring line, and they give verticality to the mooring line in the lower part, preventing it from dragging on the seabed,and where the means of joining the flotation buoys to the lower cable correspond to fastening means that can be selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, hooks, metal clips, clip washers, metal flanges, among others, where the GPS allows to establish the location of the buoy (4) with a minimum error, and also provide the time to a time synchronization server or NTP (Network Time Protocol), which has a high precision functioning as a primary clock (precision reference clock, PRC) or Stratum 1, allowing to synchronize in the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box, the underwater acoustic signals captured by each hydrophone (13) of each independent station arrangement (2) that are located in different positions, recording the same with an accuracy of 1 millisecond due to the use of the unixtime format,where the wireless transmission means send to one or more local network servers and the Internet or web network or only Internet or web network servers, synchronized data associated with the underwater acoustic signals captured by each independent station, optionally, each buoy (4) may further comprise one or more oceanographic, meteorological or both sensor means, preferably pH sensors, water turbidity sensors, water conductivity sensors, biological oxygen demand (BOD) sensors, chemical oxygen demand (COD) sensors, among others, where the wireless data transmission means can be selected from cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means, preferably Wi-Fi transmission means, depending on the location of the first capture and processing subsystem (2) and the second data processing subsystem (3) of the autonomous monitoring system (1 ),where the biological and natural type emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others, as a biological source, or rain, wind, waves, as a natural source; the geological / seismic type emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowings of the terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motors, preferably, said vessels are selected from motorboats, boats, ships, vessels, pile driving, prospecting explosions or illegal fishing, among others, where the one or more local network or internet servers or only internet or web network of the second subsystem (3) allows the storage of data as relational databases, non-relational databases and object repositories, and where the data transmission route from each independent station of the network to one or more servers can be selected from one of:,

[0040] - from each independent station on the network to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to one or more Internet servers, and from one or more Internet servers to fixed or mobile devices;

[0041] - from each independent station on the network to one or more Internet servers or, and from one or more Internet servers to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to fixed or mobile devices; or

[0042] - from each independent station of the network to one or more internet servers and from one or more internet servers to one or more fixed or mobile devices; where the fixed or mobile communication devices can be selected from a smart cellular device, a tablet, a fixed or laptop computer, among others, where wireless or cable transmission means allow the transmission of data from local servers or internet servers or web network to the fixed or mobile communication devices, depending on the location of the fixed or mobile communication device, and where the wireless transmission can be selected from one or more of cellular transmission, satellite transmission means, wi-fi transmission means, among others, preferably, by wi-fi transmission means, where the web platform of the second data processing subsystem (3) allows the visualization, in real time,on the screen of the fixed or mobile communication device, of acoustic descriptors selected from one or more of intensity, frequency, duration, type of emitting source, and optionally, one or more of the following characteristics of the monitoring system (1): the operating status (active / inactive) of one or more of the following components: the first capture subsystem (2) and the second data processing subsystem (3), each independent station of the network, each buoy (4), each hydrophone (13), each solar panel, each energy storage battery or its charge level; one or more of the following characteristics of the environment of the monitoring area: water pH, water conductivity, luminosity index, among others, and where optionally, the web platform enables the configuration and sending of audible, visual alerts or both, to one or more users as the risk conditions are confirmed after processing the detection data,Classification and location of the emitting source (8). The risk conditions can be selected from one or more of a proximity threshold to a reference location for one or more users and the emitting source, confirmation of the presence of a specific emitting source, among others. The audible alert can be selected from one or more of a siren, a horn, a bell, an audio message, among others. The visual alert can be selected from a text message, a light, a graphic / figure, among others. The alert is generated on each user's fixed or mobile communication device.

[0043] The web platform also optionally allows you to control one or more of the following tasks:

[0044] - sending audible and / or visual alerts per user upon confirmation of risk conditions from data processed from captured underwater acoustic signals, where the risk conditions may be selected from one or more of: a proximity threshold to a reference location for one or more users and the emitting source, the presence of a specific emitting source, among others, where the audible alert may be selected from one or more of a siren, a horn, a bell, an audio message, among others, where the visual alert may be selected from a text message, a light, a graphic / figure, among others; and optionally,

[0045] - controlling each array or network of independent stations (2) by one or more of the following tasks: turning each buoy (4) on and off, activating / deactivating the energy storage battery from the solar panel, releasing the memory of the buoy (4), activating / deactivating the backup hydrophone of each buoy (4), the coordinates associated with it, its intensity, frequency, duration, identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each surface smart buoy (4), identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each hydrophone (13), operating status (active / inactive) of the solar panel of each buoy (4), the charge level of the energy storage battery from the solar panel, water temperature, brightness intensity, wind speed, sea / wave motion height,Water pH, water conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), among others, where the local servers or internet or web network servers comprise relational databases and non-relational databases and object repositories that enable data processing by machine learning / artificial intelligence and / or pattern identification algorithms in massive data to: establish the type of emitting source (8) associated with the underwater acoustic signal captured by the array or network of independent stations, classifying the emitting source (8) of the underwater acoustic signal according to an origin, such as an emitting source of the biological and natural type,geological type emitting source or anthropogenic type emitting source; and establish a real-time location for the emitting source; and optionally establish the movement trajectory of the detected emitting source over time; establish the need for alarm activation, among others, where the biological and natural type emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, where the aquatic organism can be selected from one or more of: fish, cetaceans, among others; where the natural emission source can be selected from rain, wind, waves, among others, and where the geological type emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowing of the terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emission source is selected from one of vessels with or without motors, where the vessels in turn can be selected from one of motorboats, boats, ships, ships, among others,where the data processed from each independent station, taken together, allow generating a data matrix that can establish at any time, one or more of the following: the coordinates associated with the detected underwater acoustic signal, and the main characteristics of the detected underwater acoustic signal, which can be selected from one or more of intensity of the underwater acoustic signal, frequency of the underwater acoustic signal, duration of the underwater acoustic signal, among others, and optionally, can establish one or more of identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each buoy (4), identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each hydrophone (13), operating status (active / inactive) of the solar panel of each buoy (4),the charge level of the energy storage battery from the solar panel, among others; and as well as optionally, the main characteristics of the environment of the monitoring area, which are selected from one or more of water temperature, intensity of light, wind speed, intensity of sea / wave movement, water pH, water conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), among others, and where the processed data is stored in the memory of each smart surface buoy (4) before being sent to the second data processing subsystem (3), where the processor of the local servers or internet servers or web network servers or both allow processing the underwater acoustic signals received from the first capture subsystem (1) stored as audios, through the relational database,the non-relational database and object repository for one or more of the following functions: a) determining / identifying the number of emitting sources associated with the underwater acoustic signal; b) classifying / identifying the one or more emitting sources (8) of the underwater acoustic signal according to an origin such as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological type emitting source, or an anthropogenic type emitting source; and optionally c) establishing a real-time location for the one or more emitting sources; d) establishing the movement trajectory of the one or more emitting sources detected over time; e) establishing the need for alarm activation, if necessary; among others.

[0046] The present invention also relates to a method of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), autonomous, permanent / continuous, of aquatic / manual environment (1), useful for detecting, locating and classifying / identifying an emitting source (8) of underwater acoustic signals / underwater sound waves as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source, where the biological emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others, as a natural source the rain, wind, waves, among others can be selected; the geological emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowings of terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motors, preferably, said vessels are selected from boats, boats, ships, piloting drives, prospective explosions or illegal fishing, among others,which comprises the following steps: a) passively capturing by means of at least two hydrophones (13) located in the upper, lower cable or both, of a two-part mooring line of each buoy (4) of an array or network of independent stations of a first capture subsystem (2) of an underwater acoustic signal emitted by one or more emitting sources (8), which produce an event or temporary alteration in the permanent / continuous passive monitoring area and which is stored and processed in the buoy prior to, b) separately transmitting by means of data transmission cables, the underwater acoustic signals captured by each hydrophone (13) to a processor located in a sealed polymeric electronic box located in the upper part of each buoy (4), where they are synchronized and processed separately or jointly to obtain synchronized and processed data that are then stored in a memory located in the sealed polymeric electronic box,and where the data processing comprises establishing, at each moment, coordinates associated with the detected underwater acoustic signal, and optionally the main characteristics of the detected underwater acoustic signal, which can be selected from one or more of intensity of the underwater acoustic signal, frequency of the underwater acoustic signal, duration of the underwater acoustic signal, among others, and optionally, can establish identification (ID) and operating status of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating status of each buoy (4), identification (ID) of each hydrophone (13), among others, and as well as optionally, the main oceanographic, meteorological or both characteristics of the environment of the monitoring area, which are selected from one or more of water temperature, intensity of luminosity, wind speed, height of sea movement / swell, water pH, water conductivity,biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), among others, and where the processed data is stored in the memory of each buoy (4) before being sent to the second data processing subsystem (3), c) transmit either wirelessly or by cable, the synchronized and processed data from the first capture subsystem (2) to a second data processing subsystem (3) from each independent station of the network to one or more servers of the second processing subsystem (3) following one of the following transmission routes:,

[0047] - from each independent station on the network to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to one or more internet or web network servers, and from one or more internet or web network servers to fixed or mobile devices;

[0048] - from each independent station on the network to one or more Internet or web network servers, and from one or more Internet or web network servers to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to fixed or mobile devices; or

[0049] - from each independent station of the network to one or more internet or web network servers, and from one or more internet or web network servers to one or more fixed or mobile devices; where the fixed or mobile communication devices can be selected from one or more of a smart cellular device, a tablet, a fixed or laptop computer, among others, where the synchronized and processed data of the first capture subsystem (2) are stored in relational databases, non-relational databases and object repositories in the one or more local servers and internet servers or web servers or only internet or web network servers, where the data storage comprises storing audios associated with the captured underwater acoustic signals; where the wireless transmission of data from each independent station of the network is carried out by cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means,among others, preferably, by Wi-Fi transmission means, depending on the location of the first capture subsystem (1) and the second data processing subsystem (2), where the transmission of data from the local servers or internet or web network servers to the fixed or mobile communication devices is carried out by wireless or cable transmission means, depending on the location of the fixed or mobile communication devices, and where the wireless transmission means can be selected from one or more of cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means, among others, preferably, by Wi-Fi transmission means, d) process the data stored in the relational and non-relational databases and object repositories by means of machine learning / artificial intelligence and / or pattern identification algorithms in big data,for one or more of: establishing the type of emitting source (8) associated with the captured underwater acoustic signal, classifying it according to an origin, such as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological / seismic emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source; establishing a real-time location for the emitting source; and optionally establishing the movement trajectory of the emitting source over time; establishing the need for alarm activation, among others, e) displaying in real time, on the screen of a fixed or portable communication device, a web platform with acoustic descriptors comprising one or more: intensity, frequency, duration, type of emitting source of the aquatic acoustic signal, among others, and optionally,one or more of the following characteristics of the monitoring system (1 ): the operating status (active / inactive) of one or more of the following components: the first capture subsystem (2) and the second data processing subsystem (3), each independent station of the network, each buoy (4), each hydrophone (13), each solar panel, each energy storage battery or its charge level; one or more of the following characteristics of the environment of the monitoring area: water pH, water conductivity, luminosity index, among others, and optionally, f) configure the web platform to define the sending of audible, visual alerts or both, per user when confirming risk conditions from the data processed from the captured underwater acoustic signals, where the risk conditions can be selected from one or more of: a proximity threshold to a reference location for one or more users and the emitting source,the presence of a specific transmitting source, among others, where the sound alert can be selected from one or more of a siren, a horn, a bell, an audio message, among others, where the visual alert can be selected from a text message, a light, a graphic / figure, among others; and also optionally, controlling each arrangement or network of independent stations (2) by one or more of the following tasks: turning each buoy (4) on and off, activating / deactivating the energy storage battery from the solar panel, releasing the memory of the buoy (4), activating / deactivating the backup hydrophone of each buoy (4), the coordinates associated with it, its intensity, frequency, duration, identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each buoy (4),identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each hydrophone (13), operating status (active / inactive) of the solar panel of each buoy (4), the charge level of the energy storage battery from the solar panel, water temperature, light intensity, wind speed, intensity of sea / wave movement, water pH, water conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), among others, Example,

[0050] In a specific body of water there is a network or array of stations of four passive hydroacoustic smart buoys, where each buoy is equipped with two vertical, horizontal or both hydrophones, complementary to information, and two parallel longitudinal hydrophones that serve as backup, allowing them to capture and record underwater sounds in two channels, one channel for each vertical hydrophone. These smart buoys are located at a distance of between 4 and 5 kilometers from each other and about 1000 meters from the coast, and remain approximately in the same place due to a mooring line anchored to the seabed, with an appropriate swing given the depth of the place, and when a vessel and a cetacean enter the listening area of ​​the buoys, area where the hydrophones are located, the particular sounds emitted by the vessel and cetacean are captured by the hydrophones,They are sent and stored in the sealed polymeric electronic box located on the smart surface buoy, and the captured underwater acoustic signals are stored, processed and transmitted through a Wi-Fi router from the smart buoy to an internet server where they are stored, generate data from relational databases, non-relational databases and object repositories, whose data are processed to identify acoustic descriptors associated with the underwater acoustic signal, including frequency, intensity, duration, among others, and in addition, the emitting source is classified based on the characteristics determined for the detected underwater acoustic signal, classifying it as a biological source and a natural source, a geological source, an anthropogenic source, which in this case correspond to an anthropogenic source (boat) and a biological source (cetacean),The algorithm uses triangulation between buoys and hydrophones to determine the precise geographic location of each emitting source. It can also calculate the likelihood of a collision between the vessel and the cetacean, and trigger an immediate alarm. The entire process is monitored in real time via a web platform, enabling a timely response.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Passive acoustic monitoring buoy (4) useful for capturing underwater acoustic signals from selected emitting sources of one or more biological and natural sources, geological and seismic sources or anthropogenic sources, in aquatic / manual environments, where the biological emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others, as a natural source the rain, wind, waves, among others can be selected; the geological emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowings of terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motor, preferably, said vessels are selected from launches, boats, ships, piloted vessels, prospective explosions or illegal fishing vessels, among others, comprising: a) a floating hollow polymeric body or buoy with lower ballast (12) and a sealed electronic box, on its upper surface,(b) an anchor mooring line comprising two parts: an upper part formed by an upper cable (18) and a lower part formed by a lower cable (19) and a linear seabed anchoring means (17); where the ballast buoy is attached to the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line; the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line is attached to the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the mooring line; and the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the mooring line, which are joined to the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed, by means of joining means (14, 16), where the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19) are of different materials, and of equal or different lengths, where each end of the upper cable (18) and each end of the lower cable (19) comprise means of hooking or fitting, fixed or removable, which receive the joining means (14, 16), where the upper cable, lower cable or both,comprising at least two hydrophones (13) with protective casing, located vertically, horizontally or both, attached to the upper cable (18) by means of fastening means, and where said at least two hydrophones are connected by means of data transmission cables to the sealed polymeric electronic box of each buoy (4), where the lower cable (19) comprises at its lower end, at least one flotation buoy (15) that causes said lower end to float, where the lower end of the upper cable (18) with the upper end of the lower cable (19) are joined by means of rotating joining means (16), where the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed are joined by means of rotating joining means (16), where the ballast (12) can be selected from a steel ballast, is located on the outer surface of the lower part of the buoy, and is joined thereto by means of fixing means, where an electronic circuit is housed inside the sealed polymeric electronic box; an on / off means that is activated / deactivated by a controller means; a data storage or memory means; a data processor; a GPS and standard electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits or chips and inductors; a receiving means for the hydrophone transmission cables (13); and on the sealed polymeric electronic box is located a wireless data transmission means (5), which sends data from the buoy (4) to the independent station of the network to which it belongs and the independent station sends it to one or more local network servers and one or more internet or web network servers or only to one or more internet or web network servers; one or more power supply sources (6); and where the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box processes separately or jointly,the underwater acoustic signals captured by the hydrophones (13), where the upper cable (18) is selected from a steel cable with a polymeric sheath / coating that resists or does not suffer damage from fouling and fishing hooks, and also reduces galvanic corrosion due to the coating where the lower cable (19) is selected from a braided polymeric rope that gives the buoy a bearing, reduces the possibility of it reaching an oblique position, allows the polymeric rope to not float in seawater, avoiding sound alterations on the surface, is resistant to friction, seawater, UV radiation, and being a braided material allows the torsion on the lower cable (19) to be transferred to the elements to which it is attached, where the GPS allows the location of the smart surface buoy (4) to be established and also provides the time to a time synchronization server or NTP (Network Time Protocol),which allows synchronizing in the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box, the underwater acoustic signals captured by each hydrophone (13)., 2. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said upper cable (18) is shorter than the lower cable (19).

3. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said upper cable (18) is longer than the lower cable (19).

4. The buoy of claim 1 wherein the hooking or fitting means are selected from one or more of anchor ring-connector / hook, male-female fitting.

5. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said means for securing each hydrophone may be selected from one or more of metal jaws, metal clamps, metal clip hooks, clip washers, metal flanges.

6. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said steel ballast is selected from a galvanized steel ballast.

7. The buoy of claim 6 wherein said galvanized steel ballast is selected from a galvanized steel ballast with paint.

8. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said fixing means are selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, metal hooks, metal clips, clip washers, metal flanges.

9. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said sealed polymeric electronic box is a sealed polyester box.

10. The buoy of claim 1 further comprises oceanographic, meteorological or both sensor means.

1. The buoy of claim 10 wherein said oceanographic, meteorological or both sensor means are selected from one or more of water temperature sensors, air temperature sensors, luminosity sensors, sensors that measure wind speed, sensors that measure wave intensity at sea, pH sensors, water turbidity sensors, water conductivity sensors, biological oxygen demand (BOD) sensors, chemical oxygen demand (COD) sensors.

12. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said means for joining the anchor line are selected from metallic joining means.

13. The buoy of claim 12 wherein said metallic joining means are selected from metallic shackles.

14. The buoy of claim 12 wherein said metal shackles are selected from galvanized metal shackles.

15. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said joining means (14) between a smart buoy (4) and the upper end of the upper cable (18) and the lower end of the upper cable and the upper end of the lower cable (19) is selected from a galvanized metal shackle.

16. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said joining means between the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) is selected from an arrangement comprising a upper galvanized metal shackle, a rotating / untwisting metal joining means and a lower galvanized metal shackle, where the upper galvanized metal shackle is joined to the rotating metal joining means and the rotating metal joining means is joined to a lower galvanized metal shackle, and where the rotating metal joining means comprises at its ends, an upper ring and a lower ring, which receive or allow the union of the upper galvanized metal shackle and the rotating metal joining means and the rotating metal means and the lower metal shackle.

17. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said joining means (14) between ends of lower cable (18) and upper cable (19), has an outer cover that is selected from a hot-melt rubber tape, where the hot-melt rubber tape does not cover the rotating point of the rotating metallic joining means.

18. The buoy of claim 1 wherein it further comprises an additional outer cover selected from a plastic tape of insulating material, wherein the plastic tape of insulating material does not cover the rotating point of the rotating metallic joining means.

19. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said steel cable with polymeric sheath / coating is selected from a steel cable with nylon sheath.

20. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said braided polymeric rope is selected from a polyester braided rope.

21. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said linear anchoring / dead weight means (17) is an anchor.

22. The buoy of claim 21 wherein said anchor is selected from a steel anchor, a concrete anchor.

23. The buoy of claim 1 wherein the buoyancy buoy (15) is an annular buoy or a through buoy.

24. The buoy of claim 1 wherein the wireless data transmission means can be selected from cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means.

25. The buoy of claim 24 wherein said wireless transmission means are Wi-Fi transmission means.

26. The buoy of claim 1 wherein said power supply means is selected from one or more of: solar panels / cells and an energy storage battery.

27. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) system, autonomous, permanent / continuous, of aquatic / marine environment (1 ), useful to detect, locate and classify / identify an emitting source (8) of underwater acoustic signals / underwater sound waves as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological / seismic emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source, where the biological emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others, as a natural source the rain, wind, waves, among others can be selected; the geological emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowings of terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motor, preferably, said vessels are selected from motorboats, boats, ships, piloted vessels, prospective explosions or illegal fishing vessels, among others,comprising: a) a first subsystem (2) or aquatic subsystem for capturing underwater acoustic signals comprising an array or network of independent stations for capturing underwater acoustic signals located at sea, which captures and processes said underwater acoustic signals coming from one or more emitting sources (8), which produce an event or temporary alteration in the permanent / continuous passive monitoring area, and stores, processes and transmits either wirelessly or by cable, to a second data processing subsystem (3), audios associated with said underwater acoustic signals, and b) a second subsystem (3) or terrestrial data processing subsystem, comprising one or more local network servers (10) and internet or web network servers (9), or only one or more internet or web network servers (10), for processing and storing data associated with said underwater acoustic signals received from the first subsystem,and fixed or mobile devices (11) for displaying the data processed independently by the user through a web platform, which also allows controlling the storage and processing of underwater acoustic signals of the first subsystem, the activation of the power supply of the first subsystem, the storage or processing of data from the one or more local network servers and internet or web network servers or internet or web network servers, the configuration of administration attributes and display of data processed by the web platform, comprising the arrangement or network of independent stations located at sea, at least two independent stations, where each station comprises at least two buoys, where each buoy (4) comprises an anchor mooring line in two parts comprising: a part, upper comprising an upper cable (18) and a lower part comprising a lower cable (19) and a linear seabed anchoring means (17); where joining means join: a buoy (4) with the upper cable (18), the upper cable (18) with the lower cable (19), and the lower cable (19) with the anchoring means (17), where each end of the upper cable (18) and of the lower cable (19) comprise hooking or fitting means, fixed or removable, which receive the joining means (14, 16), where the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19) are made of different materials and of equal or different lengths, where fastening means join the at least two hydrophones (13) with a protective casing to the upper cable (18), and where said at least two hydrophones are connected by means of transmission cables to each buoy (4), where the lower cable (19), at its lower end, comprises at least one flotation buoy (15) that causes the lower end of the lower cable (19) to float,where rotating joining means (16) join the lower end of the upper cable (18) with the upper end of the lower cable (19) and the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed, where each buoy (4) of the independent station arrangement or network for capturing and processing underwater acoustic signals (2), are located at a distance from each other according to the characteristics of the monitoring area, each buoy (4) comprising: a) a floating hollow polymeric body or buoy with lower ballast (12) and a sealed electronic box, on its upper surface,(b) an anchor mooring line comprising two parts: an upper part formed by an upper cable (18) and a lower part formed by a lower cable (19) and a linear seabed anchoring means (17); where the ballast buoy is attached to the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line; the upper cable (18) of the upper part of the mooring line is attached to the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the mooring line; and the lower cable (19) of the lower part of the anchor line are joined to the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed, by means of joining means (14, 16), where the upper cable (18) and the lower cable (19) are made of different materials, and of equal or different lengths, where each end of the upper cable (18) and each end of the lower cable (19) comprise hooking or fitting means, fixed or removable, which receive the joining means (14, 16),where the upper cable comprises at least two hydrophones (13) with protective casing, located vertically, horizontally or both, attached to the upper cable (18) by means of fastening means, and where said at least two hydrophones are connected by means of data transmission cables to the sealed polymeric electronic box of each smart surface buoy (4), where the lower cable (19) comprises at its lower end, at least one flotation buoy (15) that causes said lower end to float, where the lower end of the upper cable (18) with the upper end of the lower cable (19) are joined by rotating joining means (16), where the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) of the seabed are joined by rotating joining means (16), where the ballast (12) can be selected from a steel ballast, is located on the outer surface of the lower part of the buoy, and is joined to the buoy by fixing means, where inside the sealed polymeric electronic box an electronic circuit is housed; an on and off means that is activated / deactivated by a controller means; a data storage means or memory; a data processor; a GPS and standard electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors,integrated circuit or chips and inductors; a receiving means for the hydrophone transmission cables (13); and on the sealed polymeric electronic box there is located a wireless data transmission means (5), which sends data from each buoy (4) to the independent station of the network to which it belongs and from each independent station to one or more local network servers and one or more internet or web network servers or only to one or more internet or web network servers; one or more power supply sources (6); and where the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box processes separately or jointly, the underwater acoustic signals captured by the hydrophones (13), where the upper cable (18) is selected from a steel cable with a polymeric sheath / coating that resists or does not suffer damage from fouling and fishing hooks, and also reduces galvanic corrosion due to the coating,where the lower cable (19) is selected from a braided polymeric rope that gives the buoy a bearing, reduces the possibility of it reaching an oblique position, allows the polymeric rope not to float in sea water, avoiding sound disturbances on the surface, is resistant to friction, sea water, UV radiation, and being a braided material allows the torsion on the lower cable (19) to be transferred to the elements to which it is attached, where the GPS allows to establish the location of the buoy (4) and also provide the time to a time synchronization server or NTP (Network Time Protocol), which allows to synchronize in the processor of the sealed polymeric electronic box, the underwater acoustic signals captured by each hydrophone (13), where the one or more local network or internet or only internet or web network servers of the second data processing subsystem (3) allows the storage of data as relational databases,non-relational databases and object repositories, and where the data transmission route from the buoy (4) to the network-independent station to which it belongs and from the network-independent station to one or more servers can be selected from one of:, - from the network-independent station to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to one or more Internet or web network servers, and from one or more Internet or web network servers to fixed or mobile devices; - from the network-independent station to one or more Internet or web network servers, and from one or more Internet or web network servers to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to fixed or mobile devices; or - from the network independent station to one or more internet or web network servers and from one or more internet or web network servers to one or more fixed or mobile devices; where the fixed or mobile communication devices can be selected from a smart cellular device, a tablet, a fixed or laptop computer, among others, where wireless or wired transmission means allow the transmission of data from the local servers or internet or web network servers to the fixed or mobile communication devices, depending on the location of the fixed or mobile communication device, where the web platform of the second data processing subsystem (3) allows the visualization, in real time, on the screen of the fixed or mobile communication device, of acoustic descriptors selected from one or more of intensity, frequency, duration, type of emitting source,where the local servers or internet or web network servers comprise relational databases and non-relational databases and object repositories that enable data processing by machine learning / artificial intelligence and / or pattern identification algorithms in massive data to: establish the type of emitting source (8) associated with the underwater acoustic signal captured by the array or network of independent stations, classifying the emitting source (8) of the underwater acoustic signal according to an origin, such as a biological and natural type emitting source, a geological / seismic type emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source; and establish a real-time location for the emitting source; and optionally establish the movement trajectory of the emitting source detected over time; establish the need for alarm activation,where the processor of the local servers or internet servers or web network servers or both allow processing the underwater acoustic signals received from the first capture subsystem (1) stored as audios, by means of the relational database, the non-relational database and the object repository for one or more of the following functions: a) determine / identify the number of emitting sources associated with the underwater acoustic signal; and b) classify / identify the one or more emitting sources (8) of the underwater acoustic signal according to an origin such as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological type emitting source or an anthropogenic type emitting source.

28. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein further processing the underwater acoustic signals received from the first subsystem to one or more of the capture functions c) establish a real-time location / localization for the one or more emitting sources; d) establish the movement trajectory of the one or more emitting sources detected over time; or e) establish the need for alarm activation, if necessary.

29. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said upper cable (18) has a shorter length than the lower cable (19).

30. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said upper cable (18) has a greater length than the lower cable (19).

31. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said hooking or fitting means are selected from one or more of anchor ring-connector / hook, male-female fitting.

32. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said means for securing each hydrophone may be selected from one or more of metal jaws, metal clamps, metal clip hooks, clip washers, metal flanges.

33. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said steel ballast is selected from a galvanized steel ballast.

34. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 33 wherein said galvanized steel ballast is selected from a galvanized steel ballast with paint.

35. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said fixing means are selected from one or more of metal clamps, metal clamps, metal hooks, metal clips, clip washers, metal flanges.

36. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said sealed polymeric electronic box is a sealed polyester box.

37. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 further comprises oceanographic, meteorological or both sensor means.

38. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 37 wherein said oceanographic, meteorological or both sensor means are selected from one or more of water temperature sensors, air temperature sensors, luminosity sensors, sensors that They measure wind speed, sensors that measure wave height at sea, pH sensors, water turbidity sensors, water conductivity sensors, biological oxygen demand (BOD) sensors, chemical oxygen demand (COD) sensors.

39. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said anchor line joining means are selected metallic joining means.

40. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 39 wherein said metallic attachment means are selected from metallic shackles.

41. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 40 wherein said metal shackles are selected from galvanized metal shackles.

42. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said joining means (14) between a buoy (4) and the upper end of the upper cable (18) and the lower end of the upper cable and the upper end of the lower cable (19) is selected from a galvanized metal shackle.

43. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said joining means between the lower end of the lower cable (19) and the linear anchoring means (17) is selected from an arrangement comprising an upper galvanized metal shackle, a rotating / untwisting metal joining means and a lower galvanized metal shackle, where the upper galvanized metal shackle is joined to the rotating metal joining means and the rotating metal joining means is joined to a lower galvanized metal shackle, and where the rotating metal joining means comprises at its ends, an upper ring and a lower ring, which receive or allow the union of the upper galvanized metal shackle and the rotating metal joining means and the rotating metal means and the lower metal shackle.

44. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said joining means (14) between ends of lower cable (18) and upper cable (19), has an outer cover that is selected from a thermo-melt rubber tape, where the thermo-melt rubber tape does not cover the rotating point of the rotating metallic joining means.

45. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said steel cable with polymeric sheath / coating is selected from a steel cable with nylon sheath.

46. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said braided polymeric rope is selected from a polyester braided rope.

47. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said linear anchoring / dead weight means (17) is an anchor.

48. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 47 wherein said anchor can be selected from a steel anchor, a concrete anchor.

49. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said floating buoys (15) are ring buoys or through buoys.

50. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein said wireless data transmission means can be selected from cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means.

51. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 50 wherein said wireless transmission means are Wi-Fi transmission means.

52. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27, wherein said web platform further enables real-time viewing of one or more of the following characteristics of the monitoring system (1): the operating status (active / inactive) of one or more of the following components: the first capture subsystem (2) and the second data processing subsystem (3), each smart surface buoy (4), each hydrophone (13), each solar panel, each energy storage battery or its charge level; one or more of the following characteristics of the environment of the monitoring area: water pH, water conductivity, luminosity index.

53. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein each buoy further comprises power supply means.

54. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 53 wherein said power supply means is selected from one or more of: solar panels / cells and an energy storage battery.

55. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27 wherein each buoy further comprises oceanographic, meteorological or both sensor means.

56. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 55 wherein said oceanographic, meteorological or both sensor means are selected from one or more sensors water temperature sensors, air temperature sensors, luminosity sensors, sensors that measure wind speed, sensors that measure wave intensity at sea, pH sensors, water turbidity sensors, water conductivity sensors, biological oxygen demand (BOD) sensors, chemical oxygen demand (COD) sensors.

57. The passive acoustic monitoring system of claim 27, wherein said web platform further allows controlling one or more of the following tasks: sending audible, visual, or both alerts per user upon confirming risk conditions from data processed from captured underwater acoustic signals, wherein the risk conditions can be selected from one or more of: a proximity threshold to a reference location for one or more users and the emitting source, the presence of a specific emitting source, among others, wherein the audible alert can be selected from one or more of a siren, a horn, a bell, an audio message, among others, wherein the visual alert can be selected from a text message, a light, a graph / figure, among others; and further optionally, controlling each arrangement or network of independent stations (2) by means of one or more of the following tasks: turning each buoy (4) on and off,activation / deactivation of the energy storage battery from the solar panel, release of the buoy's memory (4), activation / deactivation of the backup hydrophone of each buoy (4), the coordinates associated with it, its intensity, frequency, duration, identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each buoy (4), identification (ID) and operating status (active / inactive) of each hydrophone (13), operating status (active / inactive) of the solar panel of each buoy (4), the charge level of the energy storage battery from the solar panel, water temperature, luminosity intensity, wind speed, height of the sea / wave motion, water pH, water conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD)., 58. Passive, autonomous, permanent / continuous acoustic monitoring method of aquatic / mahno environment (1 ), useful for detecting, locating and classifying / identifying an emitting source (8) of underwater acoustic signals as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological / seismic emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source, where the biological emitting source can be selected from an aquatic organism, including fish, cetaceans, among others, as a natural source the rain, wind, waves, among others can be selected; the geological emitting source can be selected from rocks, unevenness and narrowings of the terrain, among others; and the anthropogenic emitting source can be selected from vessels with or without motors, preferably, said vessels are selected from motorboats, boats, ships, piloted vessels, prospective explosions or illegal fishing vessels, among others, comprising: a) passively capturing by means of at least two hydrophones (13) vertical to the water column and parallel to each other, located in the upper, lower cable or both of a two-part mooring line of a buoy (4) of an array or network of independent stations of a first capture subsystem (2) of an underwater acoustic signal emitted by one or more emitting sources (8), which produce an event or temporary alteration in the permanent / continuous passive monitoring area, b) transmitting separately by means of data transmission cables, the underwater acoustic signals captured by each hydrophone (13) to a processor located in a sealed polymeric electronic box located on the top of each smart surface buoy (4), where they are synchronized and processed separately or jointly to obtain synchronized and processed data that are then stored in a memory located in the sealed polymeric electronic box,and where the data processing comprises establishing, at each time, coordinates associated with the detected underwater acoustic signal, where the processed data are stored and processed in the memory of each buoy (4) before being transmitted to the second data processing subsystem (3), c) transmitting either wirelessly or by cable, the synchronized and processed data from the first capture subsystem (2) to a second data processing subsystem (3) from each buoy (4) to the independent station of the network to which the buoy belongs and from the independent station to one or more servers of the second processing subsystem (3) following one of the following transmission routes:, - from each buoy (4) to the independent station of the network to which the buoy belongs and from the independent station to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to one or more internet or web network servers, and from one or more internet or web network servers to fixed or mobile devices; - from a buoy (4) to the independent station of the network to which the buoy belongs and from the independent station to one or more internet servers, and from one or more internet or web network servers to one or more local servers, and from one or more local servers to fixed or mobile devices; or - from a buoy (4) to the independent station of the network to which the buoy belongs and from the independent station to one or more internet servers, and from one or more internet servers to one or more fixed or mobile devices; where the fixed or mobile communication devices can be selected from one or more of a smart cellular device, a tablet, a fixed or laptop computer, among others, where the synchronized and processed data of the first capture subsystem (2) are stored in relational databases, non-relational databases and object repositories in the one or more local servers and internet servers or web servers or only internet servers or web network, where the data storage comprises storing audios associated with the captured underwater acoustic signals; where the wireless transmission of data from the buoy (4) is carried out by cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means, among others, preferably, by Wi-Fi transmission means, depending on the location of the first capture subsystem (1) and the second data processing subsystem (2), where the transmission of data from the local servers or Internet servers to the fixed or mobile communication devices is carried out by wireless or cable transmission means, depending on the location of the fixed or mobile communication devices, and where the wireless transmission means can be selected from one or more of cellular transmission means, satellite transmission means, Wi-Fi transmission means,(d) process the data stored in the relational and non-relational databases and object repositories using machine learning / artificial intelligence and / or big data pattern identification algorithms, for one or more of: establishing the type of emitting source (8) associated with the captured underwater acoustic signal, classifying it according to an origin, such as a biological and natural emitting source, a geological / seismic emitting source or an anthropogenic emitting source; establishing a real-time location for the emitting source; and (e) displaying in real time, on the screen of a fixed or portable communication device, a web platform with acoustic descriptors comprising one or more of: intensity, frequency, duration, type of emitting source of the aquatic acoustic signal.

59. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 58 wherein step b) further comprises establishing identification (ID) and operating status of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating status of each smart surface buoy (4), identification (ID) of each hydrophone (13), among others, and as well as optionally, the main characteristics of the environment of the monitoring area, which are selected from one or more of water temperature, luminosity intensity, wind speed, sea movement height, water pH, water conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD).

60. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 59 wherein step c) comprises performing a transmission via Wi-Fi.

61. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 59, wherein step d) further comprises establishing the motion trajectory of the emitting source over time; establishing the need for alarm activation.

62. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 58 wherein step e) further comprises displaying on the device screen through the web platform, one or more of the following characteristics of the monitoring system (1): the operating status (active / inactive) of one or more of the following components: the first capture subsystem (2) and the second data processing subsystem (3), each smart surface buoy (4), each hydrophone (13), each solar panel, each energy storage battery or its charge level; one or more of the following characteristics of the monitoring area environment: water pH, water conductivity, luminosity index.

63. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 59, wherein after step e), it further comprises configuring the web platform to define the sending of audible, visual or both alerts, per user when confirming risk conditions from the data processed from the captured underwater acoustic signals.

64. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 59 wherein the risk conditions can be selected from one or more of: a proximity threshold to a reference location for one or more users and the emitting source, the presence of a specific emitting source.

65. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 59 wherein sending sound alerts comprises sending one or more of a siren, a horn, a buzzer, an audio message.

66. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 59 wherein sending visual alerts comprises sending one or more of a text message, a light, a graphic / figure.

67. The passive acoustic monitoring method of claim 59 further comprises controlling each array or network of independent stations (2) by one or more of the following tasks: turning on and off each surface smart buoy (4), activating / deactivating the energy storage battery from the solar panel, releasing the memory of the buoy (4), activating / deactivating the backup hydrophone of each buoy (4), the coordinates associated with it, its intensity, frequency, duration, identification (ID) and operating state (active / inactive) of each independent station (2), identification (ID) and operating state (active / inactive) of each buoy (4), identification (ID) and operating state (active / inactive) of each hydrophone (13), operating state (active / inactive) of the solar panel of each buoy (4), the charge level of the energy storage battery from the solar panel, water temperature,Light intensity, wind speed, wave height, water pH, water conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD).

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