GNSS operation for TN-NTN mobility
By configuring processing circuitry to activate the GNSS modem based on specific criteria, the solution addresses inefficient power consumption and delayed location determination in TN-to-NTN cell reselection, enhancing mobility efficiency and reducing power wastage in user equipment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/073723
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Current technologies lack well-defined implementation details for activating/deactivating the GNSS modem in user equipment (UE) during TN-to-NTN mobility operations, leading to inefficient power consumption and delayed location determination for TN-to-NTN cell reselection.
The proposed solution involves configuring processing circuitry to decode signaling from a terrestrial network (TN) to transition the GNSS modem from an OFF state to an ON state based on specific criteria, such as signal strength thresholds, mobility states, or network configurations, to determine location-based criteria for reselecting to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell.
This approach optimizes UE power usage by activating the GNSS modem only when necessary, ensuring timely location-based cell reselection to non-terrestrial networks, thereby improving mobility efficiency and reducing power wastage.
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Figure CN2024073723_31072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
GNSS Operation for TN-NTN MobilityBackground
[0001] A user equipment (UE) may establish a connection to at least one of multiple different networks or types of networks, e.g., a public land mobile network (PLMN) operating a radio access network (RAN) . A non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network utilizing non-terrestrial components, e.g., one or more satellites, to provide UE access to a PLMN. In some cases, a UE may be camped on a serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) and further be within or adjacent to a coverage area of a neighbor cell of a NTN. If the UE is moving away from the serving cell of the TN and toward the neighbor cell of the NTN it may be preferable for the UE to switch its connection to the neighbor cell.
[0002] A UE camped on a serving cell may reselect to a neighbor cell when certain criteria are met. In one example, the UE may monitor signals from neighbor cell (s) and the criteria may relate to a strength and / or quality of the signal from the serving cell and / or the neighbor cell (s) . In some cases, location-based criteria may be used, e.g., when coverage area information for a cell is provided to the UE and it is determined that the UE is entering or leaving the cell.
[0003] TN-to-NTN mobility operations, particularly TN-to-NTN cell reselection operations, are currently in development. It may be preferable to define location-based criteria for TN-to-NTN cell reselection. In such cases, the UE location may be determined by global navigation satellite system (GNSS) localization. However, such a location determination for the UE requires the activation / enablement of the GNSS modem of the UE and such activation is a power drain on the UE. Implementation details for activating / deactivating the GNSS modem in view of TN-to-NTN mobility operations are not currently well-defined.SUMMARY
[0004] Some example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for mobility measurements including serving cell measurements and assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , acquire the serving cell measurements, when a value of the serving cell measurements reaches a first threshold, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) and evaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0005] Other example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when a high mobility state is detected by a sensor within the UE, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) and evaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0006] Still further example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the assistance information is detected, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) and evaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0007] Additional example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and mobility measurements including neighbor cell measurements for at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, when the configuration for the neighbor cell measurements for the at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN is detected, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) and evaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0008] Further example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and a higher priority carrier that contains one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, based on the higher priority carrier containing the one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) and evaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0009] Other example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and coverage information for the current serving cell, when the configuration for the coverage information is received, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) and evaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0010] More example embodiments are related to an apparatus having processing circuitry configured to decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and mobility measurements including neighbor cell measurements for at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, based on the neighbor cell measurements including at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, periodically transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) and evaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0011] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement according to various example embodiments.
[0012] Fig. 2 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture according to various example embodiments.
[0013] Fig. 3 shows an example system arrangement that includes the UE configured for communications with cells of both a terrestrial network (TN) and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to various example embodiments.
[0014] Fig. 4 shows an example user equipment (UE) according to various example embodiments.
[0015] Fig. 5 shows an example base station according to various example embodiments.
[0016] Fig. 6 shows a diagram for defining a threshold for received signal strength or quality for triggering the activation of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem of a UE according to one example of these example embodiments.
[0017] Fig. 7 shows a method for cell reselection from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) to a neighbor cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to various example embodiments.Detailed Description
[0018] The example embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The example embodiments relate to operations for terrestrial network (TN) to non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell reselection. In some aspects of these example embodiments, operations are described for enabling or activating a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem for TN-to-NTN reselection, e.g., switching the GNSS modem from OFF to ON, for evaluating location-based cell reselection criteria or conditions. In some example embodiments, trigger criteria / conditions are described for enabling the GNSS modem according to various options. In other aspects of these example embodiments, operations are described for triggering the cell reselection from a serving cell of a TN to a target cell of a NTN based on various criteria / conditions including, e.g., the location-based criteria / conditions.
[0019] The example embodiments are described with regard to a user equipment (UE) . However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
[0020] The example embodiments are also described with regard to a 5G New Radio (NR) network. However, reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any network that may establish a connection to a UE and exchange information and data with the UE (e.g., 5G-Advanced networks, 6G networks, etc. ) .
[0021] The example embodiments are further described with regard to a 5G NR network integrated with a non-terrestrial-network (NTN) utilizing one or more satellites to provide UE access to the 5G NR radio access network (RAN) . A satellite-based NTN may be deployed by a public land mobile network (PLMN) and may be further integrated with a terrestrial network (TN) of the PLMN. Throughout this description, the non-terrestrial component is generally described as a satellite. However, any reference to a satellite is only for illustrative purposes and the example embodiments may apply to other types of non-terrestrial components, e.g., airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc.
[0022] The example embodiments are further described with regard to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) localization. GNSS refers to satellite-based systems for providing location and / or navigation services to a UE and encompasses global positioning systems (GPS) in the United States and other GNSS systems, e.g., those deployed by countries other than the United States. However, any reference to GNSS is only for illustrative purposes and the example embodiments may apply to other services for locating a UE.
[0023] The example embodiments are further described with regard to mobility measurements. Mobility measurements are acquired by a UE to monitor the current radio environment and may include layer (L1) metrics such as received signal strength indication (RSSI) , reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , etc. Mobility measurements may be configured for a UE to include serving cell measurements and neighbor cell measurements and may be reported to the network to assist network operations and / or used by the UE for various operations / evaluations including cell reselection. The use of any particular mobility measurements is only provided for example purposes and any type of mobility measurements may be used in addition to the examples provided herein, including but not limited to layer 3 (L3) measurements.
[0024] The example embodiments are further described with regard to cell reselection. Cell reselection refers to processes by which a UE switches its network connection (e.g., to the 5G NR network) from a current serving cell to a neighbor cell. Cell reselection processes generally include the acquisition of signal measurements from a serving cell and from one or more neighbor cells and the evaluation of these measurements against predefined or preconfigured cell reselection criteria / conditions. Cell reselection processes may be implemented based on various types of trigger conditions. In some cases, location-based criteria may be used, e.g., when coverage area information for a cell is provided to the UE and it is determined that the UE is entering or leaving the cell. In some cases, timer-based criteria may be used. Cell reselection operations may be run continuously by the UE, e.g., the UE may periodically monitor the strength / quality of the serving cell link and, when the UE detects the strength / quality of the signal has degraded below a threshold, may trigger neighbor cell measurements for evaluating whether a signal from any neighbor cells is above a threshold for triggering the cell reselection to a neighbor cell.
[0025] Fig. 1 shows an example network arrangement 100 according to various example embodiments. The example network arrangement 100 includes a UE 110. The UE 110 may be any type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, phablets, embedded devices, wearables, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc. An actual network arrangement may include any number of UEs being used by any number of users. Thus, the example of a single UE 110 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0026] The UE 110 may be configured to communicate with one or more networks. In the example of the network arrangement 100, the network with which the UE 110 may wirelessly communicate is a 5G NR radio access network (RAN) 120. However, the UE 110 may also communicate with other types of networks (e.g., 5G cloud RAN, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) , a long term evolution RAN, a legacy cellular network, a WLAN, etc. ) and the UE 110 may also communicate with networks over a wired connection. With regard to the example embodiments, the UE 110 may establish a connection with the 5G NR RAN 120. Therefore, the UE 110 may have a 5G NR chipset to communicate with the NR RAN 120.
[0027] The 5G NR RAN 120 may be a portion of a public land mobile network (PLMN) that may be deployed by a network carrier (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, etc. ) . The 5G NR RAN 120 may include, for example, cells or base stations (Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocells, microcells, small cells, femtocells, etc. ) that are configured to send and receive traffic from UEs that are equipped with the appropriate cellular chip set.
[0028] In the network arrangement 100, the 5G NR RAN 120 includes a base station (e.g., gNB 120A) that may be in a terrestrial network (TN) deployment or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment. For example, a satellite-based system may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN 120 to provide network access to the UE 110 in the NTN deployment and the base station may, in some cases, be located on a non-terrestrial component, e.g., a satellite.
[0029] Fig. 2 shows an example non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture 200 according to various example embodiments. An NTN may relate to any network using non-terrestrial components, such as satellites, airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) , etc., to provide network services to a user terminal.
[0030] The NTN architecture 200 represents a network arrangement including one or more satellites 215 integrated with a data network 205. The data network 205 may be, for example, the 5G NR RAN 120 described above with respect to Fig. 1. The NTN architecture 200 includes a gateway 210 connecting the terrestrial data network 205 with the NTN components. In the NTN architecture 200 of Fig. 2, the gateway 210 and the satellite 215 communicate via a feeder link 225. However, any number of satellites 215 may communicate with any number of gateways 210 via any number of respective feeder links 225. For example, in some NTN deployments, some satellites may be served by several gateways simultaneously.
[0031] The satellite 215 provides network services to a UE 220 via a service link 230. The satellite 215 may implement either a transparent payload or a regenerative payload. A transparent payload refers to an arrangement where the satellite 215 receives signals and transmits an amplified version of the signal, with a frequency conversion. For example, the satellite 215 may receive uplink communications from the UE 220 on service link 230 frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the network 205 on feeder link 225 frequencies or may receive downlink communications from the network 205 on the feeder link 225 frequencies and transmit an amplified version of the signal to the UE 220 on the service link 230 frequencies. A regenerative payload refers to an arrangement where the satellite 215 acts as a distributed unit (DU) or a base station (e.g., a gNB) , wherein received signals are regenerated with signal-processing techniques (e.g., demodulation, decoding, switching, encoding, modulation, etc. ) before being re- transmitted. In this example, the satellite 215 generates one or more beams over a service area bounded by its field of view, which is dependent on the antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle of the satellite 215. The footprint 235 of the beams are typically elliptically shaped.
[0032] With reference to Fig. 1, in a regenerative payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on an aerial component, e.g., the satellite 215 of Fig. 2. In a transparent payload arrangement, the gNB 120A may be located on the ground and the satellite 215 is used to mirror the signals between the gNB 120A and the UE 110, as described above.
[0033] The example shown in Fig. 2 is not intended to limit the example embodiments in any way. NTNs may be integrated with the 5G NR RAN and / or other networks in any one of a variety of manners. For example, a typical satellite-based NTN may comprise a low earth orbit (LEO) constellation including an array of satellites and gateways with broad interconnectivity via ground-to-ground station (G2G) links, satellite-to-satellite (S2S) links, ground-to-satellite (G2S) links, and satellite-to-ground (S2G) links. Other types of satellite-based NTNs include geostationary-orbiting (GEO) satellites or medium-earth-orbiting (MEO) satellites.
[0034] A geostationary (GEO) satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite placed at a specific altitude directly over the equator of the earth. A GEO satellite revolves in the same direction as the rotation of the earth, e.g., west to east, and, at this altitude, orbits the earth once every 24 hours, i.e., the same length of time as the earth rotates once on its axis. Thus, the geostationary satellite appears stationary (or nearly stationary) in the sky relative to a ground-based observer.
[0035] The different types of NTNs each have respective strengths and weaknesses and may be deployed in a variety of scenarios, depending on the goal to be achieved, e.g., broad coverage across a large region, concentrated coverage in an urban environment or along a highly trafficked route, etc. Thus, the NTN architecture 200 described in Fig. 2 is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
[0036] Returning to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1, the gNB 120A may include one or more communication interfaces to exchange data and / or information with the UE 110, the corresponding 5G NR RAN 120, the cellular core network 130, the internet 140, etc.
[0037] The UE 110 may connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120 via the gNB 120A. Any association procedure may be performed for the UE 110 to connect to the 5G NR-RAN 120. For example, as discussed above, the 5G NR-RAN 120 may be associated with a particular cellular provider where the UE 110 and / or the user thereof has a contract and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card) . Upon detecting the presence of the 5G NR-RAN 120, the UE 110 may transmit the corresponding credential information to associate with the 5G NR-RAN 120. More specifically, the UE 110 may associate with a specific cell (e.g., the gNB 120A) . However, as mentioned above, reference to the 5G NR-RAN 120 is merely for illustrative purposes and any appropriate type of RAN may be used.
[0038] In addition to the 5G NR RAN 120, the network arrangement 100 also includes a cellular core network 130, the Internet 140, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 150, and a network services backbone 160. The cellular core network 130 may be considered to be the interconnected set of components that manages the operation and traffic of the cellular network. The cellular core network 130 also manages the traffic that flows between the cellular network and the Internet 140.
[0039] The IMS 150 may be generally described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE 110 using the IP protocol. The IMS 150 may communicate with the cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140 to provide the multimedia services to the UE 110. The network services backbone 160 is in communication either directly or indirectly with the Internet 140 and the cellular core network 130. The network services backbone 160 may be generally described as a set of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc. ) that implement a suite of services that may be used to extend the functionalities of the UE 110 in communication with the various networks.
[0040] Fig. 3 shows an example system arrangement 300 that includes the UE 110 configured for communications with cells of both a terrestrial network (TN) and a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to various example embodiments. Fig. 3 will be described relative to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1 and the non-terrestrial network (NTN) architecture 200 of Fig. 2. The example system arrangement 300 illustrates the UE 110 configured with a network connection to the 5G NR radio access network (RAN) 120, e.g., a network connection via gNB 120A. In this example, the gNB 120A is a component of a TN. The UE 110 may further be operable to receive signals from a gNB 120B and a gNB 120C. In this example, the gNB 120B is a component of a TN and the gNB 120C is a component of a NTN. However, the UE 110 may establish further network connections with further network cells and / or receive signals therefrom.
[0041] In the example deployment of the system arrangement 300, the UE may be currently camped on the gNB 120A. In a mobility scenario, the strength / quality of the signal with the gNB 120A may degrade or be anticipated to degrade. A UE camped to a serving cell may reselect to a neighbor cell when certain criteria are met. In one example, if the signal strength / quality drops below a predefined threshold (referred to herein as “X1” ) , neighbor cell measurements may be triggered for cell reselection. The UE 110 may perform neighbor cell measurements and detect signals from gNB 120B and / or gNB 120C. In one example case, the strength / quality of signals detected from the gNB 120B (TN cell) may satisfy a predetermined threshold and the cell reselection procedure may be triggered, e.g., according to existing methods. In some cases, location-based criteria may be used, e.g., when coverage area information for a cell is provided to the UE 110 and it is determined that the UE 110 is entering or leaving the cell.
[0042] TN-to-NTN mobility operations, particularly TN-to-NTN cell reselection operations, are currently in development. Referring to the system arrangement 300, the UE 110 may be within a coverage area of the gNB 120C (NTN cell) and it may be preferable to switch its connection to the NTN cell. The example embodiments described below provide implementation details for performing TN-to-NTN cell reselection.
[0043] Fig. 4 shows an example UE 110 according to various example embodiments. The UE 110 will be described with regard to the network arrangement 100 of Fig. 1, the NTN architecture 200 of Fig. 2, and the system arrangement 300 of Fig. 3. The UE 110 may include a processor 405, a memory arrangement 410, a display device 415, an input / output (I / O) device 420, a transceiver 425 and other components 430. The other components 430 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a power supply, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the UE 110 to other electronic devices, sensors to detect conditions of the UE 110, etc.
[0044] In this example, the UE 110 further includes a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem 435. As described above, GNSS (e.g., GPS) may be used to provide location and / or navigation services to the UE 110. The GNSS modem 435 may be activated or enabled for the UE 110 (e.g., turned ON) to acquire its location and may be deactivated or disabled (e.g., turned OFF) when the UE location is not needed, e.g., to conserve UE power. Upon activating the GNSS modem 435 (e.g., transitioning the GNSS modem 435 from an OFF state to an ON state) , some duration of time is necessary to acquire the UE location (e.g., the first time to fix for GNSS localization is time consuming) . Accordingly, to optimize UE operations, the GNSS modem 435 may be activated in anticipation of operations requiring the UE location, such that the UE location is available to implement to these operations. However, keeping the GNSS modem 435 in the ON state indefinitely may waste UE power. Accordingly, some example embodiments are directed to operations for activating the GNSS modem 435 at a particular time, e.g., in anticipation of a TN-to-NTN cell reselection, to be described in further detail below.
[0045] The processor 405 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the UE 110. For example, the engines may include a cell reselection engine 440 configured to perform operations including activating / enabling the GNSS modem 435 based on one or more trigger conditions and triggering TN-to-NTN cell reselection, to be described in greater detail below.
[0046] The above referenced engine being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 405 is only for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the engine 440 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the UE 110 or may be a modular component coupled to the UE 110, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engines may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some UEs, the functionality described for the processor 405 is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a UE.
[0047] The memory arrangement 410 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE 110. The display device 415 may be a hardware component configured to show data to a user while the I / O device 420 may be a hardware component that enables the user to enter inputs. The display device 415 and the I / O device 420 may be separate components or integrated together such as a touchscreen.
[0048] The transceiver 425 may be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the 5G NR-RAN 120, an LTE-RAN (not pictured) , a legacy RAN (not pictured) , a WLAN (not pictured) , etc. Accordingly, the transceiver 425 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . The transceiver 425 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 405 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 425 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 425. The processor 405 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a base station of a network) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0049] Fig. 5 shows an example base station, e.g., gNB 120A, according to various example embodiments. The gNB 120A may represent any access node through which the UE 110 may establish a connection and manage network operations. In this example, the gNB 120A corresponds to a cell of a terrestrial network (TN) .
[0050] The gNB 120A may include a processor 505, a memory arrangement 510, an input / output (I / O) device 515, a transceiver 520, and other components 525. The other components 525 may include, for example, a battery, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the base station to other electronic devices, etc.
[0051] The processor 505 may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the gNB 120A. For example, the processor 505 of the gNB 120A may execute a cell reselection engine 530 configured to perform operations including configuring a UE for various parameters related to TN-to-NTN cell reselection, e.g., criteria related to triggering the cell reselection, to be described in greater detail below.
[0052] However, reference to a processor 505 is only for illustrative purposes. The functionality associated with the engine 530 may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the gNB 120A or may be a modular component coupled to the gNB 120A, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. In addition, in some base stations, the functionality described for the processor 505 is split among a plurality of processors (e.g., a baseband processor, an applications processor, etc. ) . The example embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a base station.
[0053] The memory arrangement 510 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the gNB 120A. The I / O device 515 may be a hardware component or ports that enable a user to interact with the gNB 120A. The transceiver 520 may be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the UE 110 and any other UE in the network arrangement 100.
[0054] The transceiver 520 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies) . Therefore, the transceiver 520 may include one or more components (e.g., radios) to enable the data exchange with the various networks and UEs. The transceiver 520 includes circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., control signals, data signals) . Such signals may be encoded with information implementing any one of the methods described herein. The processor 505 may be operably coupled to the transceiver 520 and configured to receive from and / or transmit signals to the transceiver 520. The processor 505 may be configured to encode and / or decode signals (e.g., signaling from a UE) for implementing any one of the methods described herein.
[0055] TN-to-NTN mobility operations, particularly TN-to-NTN cell reselection operations, are currently in development. TN-to-NTN cell reselection criteria for a UE may include location-based criteria. In one example, the UE may acquire satellite assistance information for NTN neighbor cells including location (s) of one or more NTN neighbor cells. The UE may acquire its own location by global navigation satellite system (GNSS) localization and determine whether location-based criteria for TN-to-NTN cell reselection are satisfied.
[0056] In one example, system information block 19 (SIB19) may be broadcast by TN cells to provide the satellite assistance information, e.g., RRC parameter ntn-NeighCellConfigList-r17. SIB19 is not an essential SIB when provided in a TN serving cell, e.g., UE does not consider the TN serving cell as barred if it fails to acquire SIB19.
[0057] A UE camping on a TN serving cell may perform cell reselection to a target NTN cell in view of location-based criteria requiring knowledge of the UE location, however, operations for activating the GNSS modem for acquiring the UE location are not well defined. If the UE is camped to a TN serving cell and the coverage is good the UE may waste power if it keeps the GNSS modem ON. However, if the UE turns on the GNSS modem at a time when mobility / reselection is needed, e.g., when the coverage from the serving cell has degraded, then it will not be able to acquire its location until the first time to fix process is completed, which may be time consuming. Accordingly, to improve UE operations, the GNSS modem should be turned ON prior to an anticipated TN-to-NTN cell reselection, such that the UE location is available for analyzing the location-based reselection criteria, but should not be turned ON so early such that UE power is wasted.
[0058] According to various example embodiments described herein, operations are described for terrestrial network (TN) to non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell reselection. Some example embodiments relate to operations for enabling a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem, e.g., transitioning the GNSS modem from an OFF state to an ON state, for evaluating location-based criteria for TN-to-NTN reselection. In particular, timing considerations are described for the UE to determine when to turn on the GNSS modem. Other example embodiments relate to triggering the TN-to-NTN reselection, e.g., based on the location-based criteria in view of location-based mobility information.
[0059] In some aspects of these example embodiments, the UE may determine to turn on the GNSS modem for cell reselection according to the following options. In these options, the UE may receive NTN assistance information, e.g., SIB19, to identify one or more neighbor cells as NTN cells and further to provide location information for these NTN cells so that the UE may assess location-based criteria in view of its GNSS location for reselecting to the neighbor cell.
[0060] In a first option, for the UE to trigger GNSS for TN-to-NTN cell reselection, a threshold or threshold offset may be defined for signal strength or signal quality. The threshold or threshold offset may be configured by the network (e.g., by the current serving cell of the TN) or may be predefined in standards (e.g., the 3GPP Technical Specifications) . For this option, the UE may be configured for neighbor cell measurements on at least one NTN cell.
[0061] In some example embodiments, the threshold for triggering GNSS may be defined as an offset relative to a threshold for serving cell measurements for triggering neighbor cell measurements. This offset may be applied on top of the serving cell signal strength / quality threshold (e.g., legacy threshold for triggering neighbor cell measurement) . In other example embodiments, the threshold may be defined independently from the trigger for neighbor cell measurements. In some examples, the GNSS trigger threshold may be higher than the neighbor cell measurement trigger threshold (or the threshold offset for GNSS triggering is a positive number relative to the threshold for neighbor cell measurement triggering) , such that, for a degrading serving cell signal, the GNSS modem will be turned ON prior to triggering neighbor cell measurements.
[0062] Fig. 6 shows a diagram 600 for defining a threshold for received signal strength or quality for triggering the activation of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem of a UE according to one example of these example embodiments. The diagram 600 shows a first threshold X1 corresponding to an existing threshold (e.g., legacy threshold for cell reselection according to specification) and a second threshold X2 corresponding to a threshold for triggering the activation of the GNSS modem (e.g., turning on GNSS) . In this example, the thresholds X1 and X2 may be defined as reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) . The thresholds X1 and X2 are defined such that the action is triggered when the RSRP / RSRQ for the serving cell falls below the threshold. In this example, threshold X2 is greater than threshold X1 such that, for a UE starting in good coverage (high RSRP / RSRQ) , as the signal degrades, falling below the threshold X2 will trigger the activation of the GNSS modem prior to falling below the threshold X1 triggering neighbor cell measurements. The threshold X2 may be defined directly as X2 or as an offset X2-X1.
[0063] In a second option, the UE may trigger GNSS for cell reselection based on a mobility status. In some example embodiments, two mobility states are defined, e.g., a low mobility state (or stationary) and a high mobility state. When the low mobility state is detected, the GNSS modem may be turned OFF and when the high mobility state is detected the GNSS modem may be turned ON.
[0064] In some embodiments, the mobility state may be determined by one or more sensors inside the UE, e.g., an accelerometer and / or a gyroscope. In one example, the high mobility state may be detected when an acceleration or velocity of the UE exceeds a predefined threshold and the low mobility state may be detected when the acceleration / velocity of the UE is below the predefined threshold.
[0065] In other example embodiments, the mobility state may be determined by a variance of signal strength / quality (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ) in a certain time period. If the RSRP / RSRQ change in a given time duration is above a threshold, the UE may determine it is in the high mobility state. When the RSRP / RSRQ change in the given time duration is below the threshold, the UE may determine it is in the low-mobility state. When the UE detects the high mobility state the UE may turn on the GNSS modem to acquire GNSS location information to be prepared for NTN neighbor cell measurement. These example embodiments may. Be applicable when the UE is configured for neighbor cell measurements on at least one NTN cell. The variance threshold or offset may be configured by the network or predefined in standards.
[0066] Similar to the first option above, in some example embodiments, the variance threshold for triggering GNSS may be defined as an offset relative to a threshold for serving cell measurements for triggering neighbor cell measurements. If there is a legacy RSRP / RSRQ variance threshold to trigger the UE to perform neighbor cell measurements, then a threshold offset may be defined on top of this legacy threshold for the UE to turn on the GNSS in advance, e.g., legacy RSRP / RSRQ variance threshold is X, the trigger for neighbor cell measurements is Y, and the threshold to trigger UE turning on the GNSS is the offset Z= (X-Y) . In other example embodiments, the variance threshold may be defined independently from the trigger for neighbor cell measurements, e.g., Y (Y<X) .
[0067] The low mobility state and the high mobility state according to the present example embodiments are defined specifically for the GNSS trigger and other mobility states may be defined for other reasons and comprise other threshold conditions.
[0068] In a third option, the UE may trigger GNSS for cell reselection upon detection of a particular signal or indication or configuration from the network. In some example embodiments, when the UE detects or acquires a network indication and / or broadcast of NTN neighbor cell information (e.g., via SIB19) , the UE may turn on the GNSS modem and be prepared for the future NTN measurement. In other example embodiments, when the UE detects or acquires a measurement configuration of an NTN neighbor cell from network (e.g., at least one NTN neighbor cell is configured for measurement) , the UE may turn on the GNSS modem.
[0069] In a fourth option, as long as the UE is configured by the network to have at least one higher priority carrier which contains NTN cells, the UE may keep the GNSS modem on for such higher priority frequency layer measurements or turn on the GNSS periodically for such higher priority frequency layer measurements. If the GNSS modem is to be turned on periodically, the periodicity may be comparable to the higher priority carrier measurement interval or measurement period.
[0070] In a fifth option, the UE may turn on GNSS when it receives coverage information for the TN serving cell. The UE may need its GNSS location to decide if it is moving out of TN coverage.
[0071] In a sixth option, the UE may turn on GNSS periodically if there is a NTN neighbor cell in the measurement configuration from the network. Such periodicity may be configured by the network or predefined in standards.
[0072] After enabling the GNSS modem and acquiring location information at the UE, if location-based mobility is used, the TN-NTN cell reselection may be triggered in the following ways. In these example embodiments, location-based mobility refers to distance being used as a factor to decide the cell reselection, e.g., the UE is moving away from the serving cell but closer to a neighbor cell.
[0073] In some example embodiments, if the coverage information of the serving cell of the TN is not provided to the UE, then only the distance between UE and target NTN cell (e.g., satellite) may be used to decide the cell reselection and the distance between the UE and the serving cell of the TN may be ignored. In one example, if the distance between UE and target satellite is smaller than a threshold, the UE may decide to reselect to the target neighbor NTN cell.
[0074] In other example embodiments, if the coverage information of the serving cell of the TN is provided to the UE, the following options may be used. In a first option, both the distance between the UE and the target NTN cell (as determined based on GNSS location of the UE and assistance information for NTN cells) and the distance between the UE and the serving TN cell (as determined based on GNSS location and coverage information) may be used to determine the cell reselection. In a second option, the UE may use the coverage information of the serving TN cell to trigger the neighbor NTN measurement (e.g., when UE is moving to the edge of TN cell) , and then determine the cell reselection by using the distance to neighbor NTN cell or neighbor NTN cell signal strength / quality.
[0075] If location-based mobility is not used, signal strength / quality based criteria may be used for TN-NTN cell reselection determinations. In some example embodiments, no timer-based or location-based cell reselection may be allowed for TN-NTN mobility.
[0076] Fig. 7 shows a method 700 for cell reselection from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) to a neighbor cell of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to various example embodiments. The TN and the NTN may be portions of a same public land mobile network (PLMN) deploying a 5G NR radio access network (RAN) . In the method 700 the UE is initially camped on a serving cell of the TN.
[0077] In 705, the UE receives configuration information from the network including a configuration for mobility measurements and assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of the NTN. The mobility measurements may include serving cell measurements and neighbor cell measurements. The assistance information may identify one or more neighbor cells as NTN cells and further provide location information for the NTN cell (s) . The assistance information may be provided in SIB19. The configuration information may further include cell-reselection criteria including location-based measurement criteria.
[0078] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may further include a threshold or threshold offset for signal strength / quality for activating a GNSS modem of the UE. In some example embodiments, the threshold or threshold offset may be for a variance in signal strength / quality for the UE to detect a mobility state.
[0079] In some example. embodiments, the configuration information may further include one or more higher priority carriers which contain NTN cells. In some example embodiments, the configuration information may further include coverage information for the current serving cell of the TN. In some example embodiments, the configuration information may further include a periodicity for activating the GNSS modem periodically.
[0080] In 710, the UE acquires serving cell measurements. The serving cell measurements may comprise RSRP, RSRQ, or some other metric relating to signal power or quality.
[0081] In 715, the UE activates or enables its GNSS modem. The GNSS modem may be activated according to a number of options. In some example embodiments, the UE may detect the RSRP / RSRQ for the current serving cell of the TN network has dropped below a threshold or a variance in RSRP / RSRQ has reached a threshold. In some example embodiments, the UE may detect a high mobility state has been entered. In some example embodiments, detecting the assistance information for NTN neighbor cells (e.g., SIB19) or receiving a measurement configuration for at least one NTN neighbor cell may directly trigger the activation of the GNSS modem. In some example embodiments, the GNSS modem may be kept on or may be turned on periodically when a higher priority carrier is configured. In some example embodiments, if the measurement configuration includes at least one NTN neighbor cell, the UE may turn the GNSS modem on periodically.
[0082] In 720, the UE acquires its GNSS location, e.g., first time to fix.
[0083] In 725, the UE evaluates the cell reselection criteria. In some example embodiments, the cell reselection criteria comprise location-based criteria that are assessed in view of the GNSS location. In some example embodiments, the UE determines a distance from the UE to a neighbor cell of the NTN. In some example embodiments, the UE has received coverage information of the current serving cell of the TN and the UE determines a distance from the UE to the current serving cell, e.g., whether the UE is on the cell edge. In some example embodiments, the coverage information of the current serving cell is used to trigger neighbor cell strength / quality measurements. In some example embodiments, signal strength / quality measurements are used for the TN-to-NTN reselection decision.
[0084] In 730, when the cell reselection criteria are satisfied, the UE reselects to the NTN neighbor cell.
[0085] Examples
[0086] In a first example, a method comprising decoding, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for mobility measurements including serving cell measurements and assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , acquiring the serving cell measurements, when a value of the serving cell measurements reaches a first threshold, transitioning a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determining, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of the UE and evaluating location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0087] In a second example, the method of the first example, wherein the serving cell measurements comprise reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and the first threshold is a RSRP or RSRQ threshold.
[0088] In a third example, the method of the first example, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements and the first threshold is defined as an offset from a second threshold for triggering neighbor cell measurements.
[0089] In a fourth example, the method of the first example, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements, wherein the first threshold is higher than a second threshold for triggering neighbor cell measurements so that, as the value of the serving cell measurements decreases, the GNSS modem is transitioned into the ON state prior to triggering the neighbor cell measurements.
[0090] In a fifth example, the method of the first example, wherein the serving cell measurements comprise reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and the first threshold is defined as a variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ in a given time period.
[0091] In a sixth example, the method of the fifth example, wherein a low mobility state is detected when the variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ is below the first threshold and a high mobility state is detected when the variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ is above the first threshold, wherein the GNSS modem is transitioned from the OFF state to the ON state when the high mobility state is detected.
[0092] In a seventh example, the method of the sixth example, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements, wherein the first threshold is lower than a second threshold for triggering neighbor cell measurements so that, as the variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ of the serving cell measurements increases, the GNSS modem is transitioned into the ON state prior to triggering the neighbor cell measurements.
[0093] In an eighth example, the method of the first example, wherein the first threshold is configured by network or predefined in a standard.
[0094] In a ninth example, the method of the first example, wherein the assistance information includes a location of the neighbor cell, wherein the location-based criteria for reselecting from the current serving cell to the neighbor cell of the NTN comprises a distance between the UE and the neighbor cell, wherein the method further comprises calculating the distance between the UE and the neighbor cell based on the GNSS location of the UE and the assistance information and triggering the cell reselection when the distance between the UE and the neighbor cell falls below a second threshold.
[0095] In a tenth example, the method of the ninth example, further comprising decoding, based on signaling received from the current serving cell, coverage information for the current serving cell, wherein the location-based criteria further comprises a distance between the UE and the current serving cell.
[0096] In an eleventh example, the method of the ninth example, further comprising decoding, based on signaling received from the current serving cell, coverage information for the current serving cell, detecting, based on the GNSS location of the UE and the coverage information, the UE is at an edge of the current serving cell, wherein the distance between the UE and the neighbor cell is calculated for evaluating the cell reselection criteria after detecting the UE is at the edge of the current serving cell.
[0097] In a twelfth example, the method of the first example, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements, further comprising decoding, based on signaling received from the current serving cell, coverage information for the current serving cell, detecting, based on the GNSS location of the UE and the coverage information, the UE is at an edge of the current serving cell, acquiring the neighbor cell measurements and when a value of the neighbor cell measurements reaches a second threshold, triggering the cell reselection.
[0098] In a thirteenth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the first through twelfth examples.
[0099] In a fourteenth example, a user equipment comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the first through twelfth examples.
[0100] In a fifteenth example, a method comprising decoding, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when a high mobility state is detected by a sensor within the UE, transitioning a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determining, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of the UE and evaluating location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0101] In a sixteenth example, the method of the fifteenth example, wherein the sensor comprises an accelerometer or a gyroscope.
[0102] In a seventeenth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the fifteenth through sixteenth examples.
[0103] In an eighteenth example, a user equipment comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the fifteenth through sixteenth examples.
[0104] In a nineteenth example, a method comprising decoding, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , when the assistance information is detected, transitioning a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determining, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of the UE and evaluating location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0105] In a twentieth example, a processor configured to perform the method of the nineteenth example.
[0106] In a twenty first example, a user equipment comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform the method of the nineteenth example.
[0107] In a twenty second example, a method comprising decoding, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and mobility measurements including neighbor cell measurements for at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, when the configuration for the neighbor cell measurements for the at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN is detected, transitioning a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determining, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of the UE and evaluating location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0108] In a twenty third example, a processor configured to perform the method of the twenty second example.
[0109] In a twenty fourth example, a user equipment comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform the method of the twenty second example.
[0110] In a twenty fifth example, a method comprising decoding, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and a higher priority carrier that contains one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, based on the higher priority carrier containing the one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, transitioning a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determining, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of the UE and evaluating location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0111] In a twenty sixth example, the method of the twenty fifth example, wherein the GNSS modem is kept ON for higher priority frequency layer measurements.
[0112] In a twenty seventh example, the method of the twenty fifth example, wherein the GNSS modem is turned on periodically with a periodicity corresponding to a periodicity of higher priority frequency layer measurements.
[0113] In a twenty eighth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty fifth through twenty seventh examples.
[0114] In a twenty ninth example, a user equipment comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the twenty fifth through twenty seventh examples.
[0115] In a thirtieth example, a method comprising decoding, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and coverage information for the current serving cell, when the configuration for the coverage information is received, transitioning a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determining, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of the UE and evaluating location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0116] In a thirty first example, a processor configured to perform the method of the thirtieth example.
[0117] In a thirty second example, a user equipment comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform the method of the thirtieth example.
[0118] In a thirty third example, a method comprising decoding, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and mobility measurements including neighbor cell measurements for at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, based on the neighbor cell measurements including at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, periodically transitioning a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state, determining, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of the UE and evaluating location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
[0119] In a thirty fourth example, the method of the thirty third example, wherein a periodicity of activating the GNSS is configured by network or predefined in standards.
[0120] In a thirty fifth example, a processor configured to perform any of the methods of the thirty third through thirty fourth examples.
[0121] In a thirty sixth example, a user equipment comprising a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform any of the methods of the thirty third through thirty fourth examples.
[0122] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described example embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. An example hardware platform for implementing the example embodiments may include, for example, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, a Windows OS, a Mac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system such as iOS, Android, etc. The example embodiments of the above described method may be embodied as a program containing lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor.
[0123] Although this application described various embodiments each having different features in various combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that any of the features of one embodiment may be combined with the features of the other embodiments in any manner not specifically disclaimed or which is not functionally or logically inconsistent with the operation of the device or the stated functions of the disclosed embodiments.
[0124] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0125] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit or the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalent.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for mobility measurements including serving cell measurements and assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) ;acquire the serving cell measurements;when a value of the serving cell measurements reaches a first threshold, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state;determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) ; andevaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the serving cell measurements comprise reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and the first threshold is a RSRP or RSRQ threshold.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements and the first threshold is defined as an offset from a second threshold for triggering neighbor cell measurements.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements, wherein the first threshold is higher than a second threshold for triggering neighbor cell measurements so that, as the value of the serving cell measurements decreases, the GNSS modem is transitioned into the ON state prior to triggering the neighbor cell measurements.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the serving cell measurements comprise reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and the first threshold is defined as a variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ in a given time period.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein a low mobility state is detected when the variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ is below the first threshold and a high mobility state is detected when the variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ is above the first threshold, wherein the GNSS modem is transitioned from the OFF state to the ON state when the high mobility state is detected.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements, wherein the first threshold is lower than a second threshold for triggering neighbor cell measurements so that, as the variance in the RSRP or the RSRQ of the serving cell measurements increases, the GNSS modem is transitioned into the ON state prior to triggering the neighbor cell measurements.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first threshold is configured by network or predefined in a standard.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the assistance information includes a location of the neighbor cell, wherein the location-based criteria for reselecting from the current serving cell to the neighbor cell of the NTN comprises a distance between the UE and the neighbor cell, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:calculate the distance between the UE and the neighbor cell based on the GNSS location of the UE and the assistance information; andtrigger the cell reselection when the distance between the UE and the neighbor cell falls below a second threshold.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:decode, based on signaling received from the current serving cell, coverage information for the current serving cell, wherein the location-based criteria further comprises a distance between the UE and the current serving cell.11.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:decode, based on signaling received from the current serving cell, coverage information for the current serving cell; anddetect, based on the GNSS location of the UE and the coverage information, the UE is at an edge of the current serving cell,wherein the distance between the UE and the neighbor cell is calculated for evaluating the cell reselection criteria after detecting the UE is at the edge of the current serving cell.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mobility measurements further include neighbor cell measurements, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:decode, based on signaling received from the current serving cell, coverage information for the current serving cell;detect, based on the GNSS location of the UE and the coverage information, the UE is at an edge of the current serving cell;acquire the neighbor cell measurements; andwhen a value of the neighbor cell measurements reaches a second threshold, trigger the cell reselection.13.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) ;when a high mobility state is detected by a sensor within the UE, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state;determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) ; andevaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the sensor comprises an accelerometer or a gyroscope.15.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) ;when the assistance information is detected, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state;determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) ; andevaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.16.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and mobility measurements including neighbor cell measurements for at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN;when the configuration for the neighbor cell measurements for the at least one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN is detected, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state;determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) ; andevaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.17.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and a higher priority carrier that contains one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN;based on the higher priority carrier containing the one of the one or more neighbor cells of the NTN, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state;determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) ; andevaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the GNSS modem is kept ON for higher priority frequency layer measurements.19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the GNSS modem is turned on periodically with a periodicity corresponding to a periodicity of higher priority frequency layer measurements.20.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry configured to:decode, based on signaling received from a current serving cell of a terrestrial network (TN) , a configuration for assistance information for one or more neighbor cells of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and coverage information for the current serving cell;when the configuration for the coverage information is received, transition a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) modem from an OFF state to an ON state;determine, via the GNSS modem, a GNSS location of a user equipment (UE) ; andevaluate location-based criteria, based on the GNSS location of the UE, to determine whether to reselect from the current serving cell to a first neighbor cell of the NTN.
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