Negative electrode material, sodium-ion battery, and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of batteries, and provide a negative electrode material, a sodium-ion battery, and an electronic device. The negative electrode material comprises a carbon microcrystalline structure. The carbon microcrystalline structure comprises sp2 hybridized carbon, and the mass percentage of the sp2 hybridized carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40-58%. The content of the sp2 hybridized carbon in the negative electrode material is regulated and controlled, so that the negative electrode material has relatively high electrical conductivity, and is beneficial for improving the conductive capability of a sodium-ion battery.

Description

A negative electrode material, sodium ion battery and electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on January 25, 2024, with application number 202410110894.3 and application name “A negative electrode material, sodium ion battery and electronic device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a negative electrode material, a sodium ion battery and an electronic device. Background Art

[0003] With the development of large-scale energy storage technology, electrochemical energy storage technology has great application prospects in large-scale energy storage demonstration projects and base stations. Sodium-ion batteries have the advantages of abundant reserves, low cost, and high safety, and can be widely used in large-scale energy storage scenarios.

[0004] Anode materials are a crucial component of sodium-ion batteries, and their performance largely determines the battery's energy density and cycle life. Carbonaceous anode materials are commonly used as anode materials for batteries. Improving the conductivity of anode materials is a pressing issue in this field.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a negative electrode material, a sodium ion battery and an electronic device by regulating the sp 2 The content of hybrid carbon makes the negative electrode material have higher electrical conductivity and is beneficial to improving the conductivity of sodium ion batteries.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a negative electrode material, wherein the negative electrode material comprises a carbon microcrystalline structure, wherein the carbon microcrystalline structure comprises sp 2 Hybrid carbon, sp 2 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40%-58%.

[0009] On the one hand, the negative electrode material includes a carbon microcrystalline structure, and the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon, sp 2 Hybrid carbon has a planar structure, which allows for a well-ordered stacking of carbon microcrystals, thereby improving the conductivity of the negative electrode material. This, in turn, enhances the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in sodium-ion batteries and, to a certain extent, promotes the rapid diffusion of sodium ions, improving the current performance of sodium-ion batteries.

[0010] On the other hand, the embodiment of the present application can also be used for sp 2 By adjusting the content of hybrid carbon, the carbon microcrystal structure can have a better and more ordered layered structure, further ensuring a better size of the carbon microcrystal structure. This can further improve the conductivity and compaction density of the negative electrode material, and further increase the electrochemical sodium storage capacity of the negative electrode material.

[0011] In one achievable manner, sp 2 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 50%-58%.

[0012] In this way, the embodiment of the present application can be used to 2 Further regulation of the hybrid carbon content induces short-range ordered arrangement of the carbon microcrystal structure, ensuring a well-defined flat stacking structure and carbon microcrystal size in the negative electrode material. While ensuring the negative electrode material's sodium intercalation and deintercalation capacity, achieving a balance between high compaction density and high electrochemical sodium storage capacity can effectively improve the energy density of sodium-ion batteries.

[0013] In one achievable manner, the carbon microcrystalline structure includes a plurality of stacked carbon layers, and an interlayer spacing between the plurality of carbon layers is 0.35 nm-0.38 nm.

[0014] Thus, the interlayer spacing d002 between the multiple carbon layers provided in the embodiments of the present application is 0.35nm-0.38nm, and the distance between the multiple layered structures is small, which can improve the conductivity and compaction density of the negative electrode material, thereby ensuring the electrochemical performance of the sodium ion battery.

[0015] In one achievable embodiment, the length of the carbon microcrystalline structure is 2 nm to 5.5 nm.

[0016] Thus, the carbon microcrystalline structure in the embodiment of the present application has a more suitable size, so that it has a higher electrical conductivity while taking into account the efficient storage of sodium ions.

[0017] In one achievable manner, the number n of carbon layers is: 2≤n≤5.

[0018] Thus, the carbon microcrystalline structure in the embodiment of the present application has a certain number of carbon layers, which can maintain a relatively suitable flat layer stacking structure, resulting in a higher electrical conductivity, which can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode material. In turn, it can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in the sodium ion battery.

[0019] In one achievable embodiment, the conductivity of the negative electrode material is 50 S / cm-80 S / cm.

[0020] Thus, the negative electrode material provided by the embodiments of the present application has a high electrical conductivity, which can significantly improve the electron transport characteristics within the negative electrode material, reduce the polarization of the negative electrode material, and thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the sodium ion battery.

[0021] In one achievable manner, the compacted density of the negative electrode material is 0.95 g / cm 3 -1.1g / cm 3 .

[0022] Thus, the negative electrode material provided in the embodiment of the present application has a higher compaction density, which can improve the volume energy density of the sodium ion battery.

[0023] In one achievable manner, the oxygen content of the negative electrode material is 0.5%-5%, and the nitrogen content of the negative electrode material is 0.5%-5%.

[0024] Maintaining the oxygen and nitrogen contents within the above ranges not only promotes the formation of a stable carbon layer structure in the negative electrode material, but also ensures that the carbon microcrystal structure is tightly connected and free of obvious pores, thereby effectively improving the conductivity of the negative electrode material.

[0025] In one achievable method, the specific surface area of ​​the negative electrode material is 0.5 m 2 / g-10m 2 / g.

[0026] Thus, the negative electrode material provided in the embodiments of the present application has a high specific surface area, which can improve the initial coulombic efficiency of the sodium ion battery and further enhance the performance of the sodium ion battery.

[0027] In one achievable manner, the carbon microcrystalline structure further comprises sp 3 Hybridized carbon, sp 3 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 42%-60%.

[0028] Thus, the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon can also include sp 3 Hybrid carbon, sp 3 Hybrid carbon can ensure a certain spatial stacking structure within the negative electrode material, which is conducive to the insertion and extraction of sodium ions and can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode material. In turn, it can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in sodium-ion batteries and promote the rapid diffusion of sodium ions to a certain extent.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a negative electrode material, the method comprising: uniformly mixing an initiator and a reaction monomer, performing a polycondensation reaction, and obtaining a precursor material. The precursor material may also be carbonized and ground to obtain a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material comprises a carbon microcrystalline structure, and the carbon microcrystalline structure comprises sp 2 Hybrid carbon, sp 2 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40%-58%.

[0030] Thus, the negative electrode material prepared by the above method in the embodiment of the present application includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon, sp 2 Hybrid carbon has a planar structure, which allows for a well-ordered stacking of carbon microcrystals, thereby improving the conductivity of the negative electrode material. This, in turn, enhances the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in sodium-ion batteries and, to a certain extent, promotes the rapid diffusion of sodium ions, improving the current performance of sodium-ion batteries.

[0031] In one achievable embodiment, the initiator includes at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, hexamethylenetetramine, azobisisobutyronitrile, 1-methylpyridine, 2,4-lutidine, pyrrole, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, and indole. The reactive monomers include at least two of ethylene tar, an olefin monomer, and a diene monomer.

[0032] In one achievable manner, the reaction temperature of the polycondensation reaction is 100° C.-300° C., and the reaction time is 2 h-8 h.

[0033] In this way, the embodiment of the present application can achieve better polycondensation reaction effects by controlling the reaction temperature and reaction time of the polycondensation reaction, and has higher controllability during the preparation process, thereby being able to prepare a negative electrode material with high conductivity.

[0034] In one achievable method, the precursor material is carbonized and ground to obtain the negative electrode material, including: carbonizing the precursor material under an inert atmosphere; wherein the carbonization temperature is 1000°C to 1600°C, the carbonization heating rate is 0.5°C / min to 5°C / min, and the carbonization time is 2 hours to 10 hours. The carbonized precursor material can also be ground to obtain the negative electrode material.

[0035] Thus, by carbonizing and grinding the precursor material under the above conditions, the embodiment of the present application can achieve a better carbonization process and obtain a negative electrode material, so that the negative electrode material has a better flat layer stacking structure, thereby improving the conductivity of the negative electrode material.

[0036] In one achievable manner, the molar ratio of the initiator to the reactive monomer is (1-10):1.

[0037] In this way, the embodiment of the present application can achieve a better polycondensation reaction effect by controlling the content of the initiator and the reaction monomer within a certain range, thereby being able to prepare a negative electrode material with high conductivity.

[0038] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a negative electrode plate, which includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer arranged on at least one side of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode material layer includes the negative electrode material described in the first aspect or the negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sodium ion battery, comprising a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is filled between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet comprises the negative electrode material described in the first aspect or the negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect.

[0040] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a housing, and electronic components and a battery housed in the housing. The battery supplies power to the electronic components, and the battery includes the sodium ion battery described in the fourth aspect above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sodium ion battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative electrode material provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a negative electrode material provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Among them, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B; "and / or" in the present application is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" refers to two or more than two. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, c can be single or multiple. In addition, in order to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with basically the same functions and effects.

[0045] Those skilled in the art will understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit differences. At the same time, in some embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete way for easy understanding.

[0046] For ease of understanding, some examples of concepts related to the embodiments of this application are provided for reference as follows:

[0047] Cathode: In a primary cell, the electrode from which current flows has a higher potential and is the positive electrode, gaining electrons to perform a reduction process. In an electrolytic cell, the positive electrode is the electrode connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and loses electrons to perform an oxidation process.

[0048] Anode: In a primary cell, the electrode into which current flows has a lower potential and is the negative electrode, losing electrons and causing oxidation. In an electrolytic cell, the anode is the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and receives electrons and causes reduction.

[0049] Electrolyte: A medium that provides ion exchange between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery.

[0050] Separator: The main function of the separator is to separate the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to prevent the two electrodes from contacting and short-circuiting. In addition, it also has the function of allowing electrolyte ions to pass through.

[0051] Film-forming additives: A type of substance that decomposes on the surface of materials before organic solvents to form an interfacial film, which can significantly improve battery performance.

[0052] d002 interlayer spacing: refers to the distance between the layered structures in the material.

[0053] sp 2 Type carbon: sp 2 Hybrid carbon, the carbon atom is composed of 3 s-type orbitals and 1 p-type orbital, each orbital can accommodate 2 electrons, and the hybrid shape of the carbon atom is dihedral.

[0054] sp 3 Type carbon: sp 3 Hybrid carbon, the carbon atom is composed of 4 s-type orbitals and 1 p-type orbital, each orbital can accommodate 2 electrons, and the hybrid shape of the carbon atom is a regular tetrahedron.

[0055] Typically, carbonaceous anode materials are composed of a large amount of amorphous carbon and graphene nanosheets with significant turbulent disorder and curvature. This results in a relatively disordered carbon microstructure, which can affect the electron transport pathways within the material and reduce its electrical conductivity.

[0056] A related art provides a negative electrode material comprising a porous carbon layer having a plurality of micropores within the porous carbon layer, which are filled with graphite-like carbon crystallites. However, the porous carbon has low electrical conductivity, and even if it is provided with micropores and filled with graphite-like carbon crystallites, its conductivity cannot be improved to a certain extent. Furthermore, the negative electrode material has a two-part material structure, and its technical process is complex, resulting in poor controllability during the filling process.

[0057] Related art also provides a negative electrode material, which is prepared by drying and carbonizing waste biomass. The resulting negative electrode material is irregular, blocky particles. However, the carbon microstructure of this negative electrode material exhibits a more disordered structure, which affects the electron transport channels within the material and reduces the material's rate performance and conductivity.

[0058] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a negative electrode material, a sodium ion battery and an electronic device. The negative electrode material can be used to prepare a negative electrode plate of a sodium ion battery. The negative electrode material proposed in the present invention includes a carbon microcrystalline structure formed by stacking multiple carbon layers, and the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon, sp2 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40%-58%.

[0059] On the one hand, the negative electrode material includes a carbon microcrystalline structure, and the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon. sp 2 Hybrid carbon has a planar structure and can form a layered structure. This allows the formed carbon layers to have a well-defined flat stacking structure, further resulting in a well-ordered stacking planar structure within the carbon microcrystal structure, thereby improving the conductivity of the negative electrode material. This, in turn, can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in sodium-ion batteries and, to a certain extent, promote the rapid diffusion of sodium ions, thereby improving the current performance of sodium-ion batteries.

[0060] On the other hand, the embodiment of the present application can be used to 2 By adjusting the content of hybrid carbon, the carbon layers can have a better and more ordered layered structure, further ensuring the optimal size of the carbon microcrystal structure. This can further improve the conductivity and compaction density of the negative electrode material, and further increase the electrochemical sodium storage capacity of the negative electrode material.

[0061] The present application also provides a sodium ion battery. FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sodium ion battery provided in the present application. As shown in FIG1 , the sodium ion battery includes a positive electrode sheet 10, a negative electrode sheet 20, a separator 30, and an electrolyte 40, wherein the separator 30 is provided between the positive electrode sheet 10 and the negative electrode sheet 20, and the electrolyte 40 is filled between the positive electrode sheet 10 and the negative electrode sheet 20 and infiltrates the separator 30. During charging, sodium ions are released from the positive electrode material 102 of the positive electrode sheet 10, and after passing through the electrolyte 40, they are embedded in the negative electrode material 202 of the negative electrode sheet 20; during discharging, sodium ions are released from the negative electrode material 202, and after passing through the electrolyte 40, they are inserted into the positive electrode material 102.

[0062] Continuing with Figure 1 , in the sodium-ion battery provided in the embodiments of the present application, the separator 30 blocks the passage of electrons while allowing the passage of ions. Separator 30 includes, but is not limited to, single-layer polypropylene (PP), single-layer polyethylene (PE), double-layer PP / PE, double-layer PP / PP, triple-layer PP / PE / PP, and ceramic-coated PE. In a sodium-ion battery, the electrolyte 40 serves as the transmission medium for sodium ions between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20.

[0063] As shown in FIG1 , the positive electrode sheet 10 includes a positive electrode current collector 101 and a positive electrode material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 101 . The positive electrode material layer may include not only the positive electrode material 102 but also a certain amount of binder, conductive agent and other components.

[0064] The positive electrode current collector 101 can be a metal foil, such as aluminum foil, gold foil, or platinum foil. The positive electrode material 102 can reversibly intercalate and deintercalate sodium ions. The positive electrode material 102 includes, but is not limited to, at least one of a layered sodium transition metal oxide, a Prussian white compound, a Prussian blue compound, and a sodium polyanion compound.

[0065] Sodium transition metal oxides such as sodium nickel iron manganese (NaNi 1 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2, NFM111), Prussian white compounds such as (Na2Mn[Fe(CN)6], PBA), Prussian blue compounds such as (NaMn[Fe(CN)6], PBA), sodium polyanionic compounds such as sodium iron phosphate (NaFePO4, NFP), sodium iron sulfate (Na2Fe 2( SO4)3, NFS). The binder may be, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (poly 1,1-difluoroethylene, PVDF), and the conductive agent may be, for example, conductive carbon black (super P), graphite, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, etc. The positive electrode current collector 101, positive electrode material 102, binder, and conductive agent used to prepare the positive electrode sheet 10 are only exemplary and are not limited in the present application. Taking the positive electrode material 102 as an example, in theory, it can be a compound that can reversibly intercalate / deintercalate sodium ions.

[0066] Continuing to refer to FIG1 , in the sodium ion battery provided in the embodiment of the present application, the negative electrode plate 20 includes a negative electrode current collector 201 and a negative electrode material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. In addition to the negative electrode material 202, the negative electrode material layer may also include a certain amount of binder, conductive agent and other components. Among them, the negative electrode current collector 201 can be a metal foil, such as copper foil, aluminum foil, gold foil, platinum foil, etc. The conductive agent can be, for example, acetylene black, graphite, amorphous carbon, etc. It should be noted that the negative electrode current collector 201, binder and conductive agent used to prepare the negative electrode plate 20 are only exemplary descriptions and are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present application, the negative electrode material 202 may include a carbon microcrystalline structure, and the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon, sp 2 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40%-58%. This embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.

[0068] As an example, the above sp 2The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40%-58%. The value of this numerical ratio can be typically but not limited to 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 58%, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the numerical ratio can be a value between 40%-42%, a value between 42%-55%, a value between 55%-58%, or a value between any two other values.

[0069] Specifically, the morphology of the samples obtained in the present application was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. As shown in Figure 2 (A), the carbon microcrystal structure in the negative electrode material exhibits a distinct irregular bulk structure morphology. From the test structure of the transmission electron microscope, it can be seen that the microstructure of the negative electrode material exhibits a distinct amorphous state, the carbon microcrystal structure is closely connected, and there is no obvious pore structure, indicating that the negative electrode material can mainly rely on interlayer sodium storage.

[0070] As shown in (B) of FIG2 , the carbon microcrystalline structure has a certain stacked layered structure, and there is a certain interlayer distance between the carbon layers, which is conducive to the insertion and extraction of sodium ions.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present application, sp 2 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 50%-58%.

[0072] In the implementation of this application, the sp 2 The proportion of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is between 40% and 58%, and more preferably between 50% and 58%.

[0073] As an example, the above sp 2 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 50%-58%. The value of this numerical ratio can be typically but not limited to 50%, 51%, 53%, 54%, 58%, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the numerical ratio can be a value between 50%-52%, a value between 52%-54%, a value between 54%-58%, or a value between any two other values.

[0074] Thus, the carbon microstructure includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon, sp 2 Hybrid carbon has a planar structure, which facilitates the insertion and extraction of sodium ions, improving the conductivity of the negative electrode material. This improves the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in sodium-ion batteries and, to a certain extent, promotes the rapid diffusion of sodium ions, thereby enhancing the current performance of sodium-ion batteries.

[0075] In addition, the embodiment of the present application can be used to 2 Further regulation of the hybrid carbon content induces short-range ordered arrangement of the carbon microcrystal structure, ensuring a well-defined flat stacking structure and carbon microcrystal size in the negative electrode material. While ensuring the negative electrode material's sodium intercalation and deintercalation capacity, achieving a balance between high compaction density and high electrochemical sodium storage capacity can effectively improve the energy density of sodium-ion batteries.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon microcrystalline structure includes a plurality of stacked carbon layers, and the interlayer spacing between the plurality of carbon layers is 0.35 nm-0.38 nm.

[0077] As an example, the interlayer spacing between the plurality of carbon layers can be measured by X-ray diffraction in the embodiment of the present application to be 0.35 nm-0.38 nm. The value of this value can be typically, but not limited to, 0.35 nm, 0.365 nm, 0.37 nm, 0.375 nm, 0.38 nm, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the value can be taken from a value between 0.35 nm and 0.36 nm, a value between 0.36 nm and 0.37 nm, a value between 0.37 nm and 0.38 nm, or a value between any two other values.

[0078] Thus, the interlayer spacing d002 between the multiple carbon layers provided in the embodiments of the present application is 0.35nm-0.38nm, and the distance between the multiple layered structures is small, which can improve the conductivity and compaction density of the negative electrode material, thereby ensuring the electrochemical performance of the sodium ion battery.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present application, the length (La) of the carbon microcrystalline structure is 2 nm-5.5 nm.

[0080] As an example, the length of the carbon microcrystalline structure measured by X-ray diffraction in the embodiment of the present application is 2nm-5.5nm. The value of this value can be typically, but not limited to, 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 5.5nm, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the value can be taken from a value between 2nm-3nm, a value between 3nm-4nm, a value between 4nm-5.5nm, or a value between any two other values.

[0081] Thus, the carbon microcrystalline structure in the embodiment of the present application has a more suitable size, so that it has a higher electrical conductivity while taking into account the efficient storage of sodium ions.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present application, the number n of carbon layers is: 2≤n≤5.

[0083] As an example, the number n of carbon layers is: 2≤n≤5. This number can be typically, but not limited to, 2, 3, 4, 5, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges.

[0084] Thus, the carbon microcrystalline structure in the embodiment of the present application has a certain number of carbon layers, which can maintain a relatively suitable flat layer stacking structure, resulting in a higher electrical conductivity, which can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode material. In turn, it can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in the sodium ion battery.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present application, the conductivity of the negative electrode material is 50 S / cm-80 S / cm.

[0086] As an exemplary illustration, the embodiment of the present application can measure the conductivity of the negative electrode material to be 50S / cm-80S / cm at a test pressure of 25Mpa by a four-probe test instrument. The value of the numerical ratio can be typically but not limited to 50S / cm, 60S / cm, 70S / cm, 80S / cm, and a number between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable range values. For example, the numerical ratio can be taken from a value between 50S / cm-60S / cm, a value between 60S / cm-70S / cm, a value between 70S / cm-80S / cm, or a number between any two other values.

[0087] Thus, the negative electrode material provided by the embodiments of the present application has a high electrical conductivity, which can significantly improve the electron transport characteristics within the negative electrode material, reduce the polarization of the negative electrode material, and thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the sodium ion battery.

[0088] In some embodiments of the present application, the compacted density of the negative electrode material is 0.95 g / cm 3 -1.1g / cm 3 .

[0089] As an example, the embodiment of the present application can measure the compaction density of the negative electrode material at a pressure of 5T by a compaction density meter to be 0.95g / cm 3 -1.1g / cm 3 The value of this ratio can be typically, but not limited to, 0.95 g / cm 3 , 0.98g / cm 3 , 0.99g / cm 3 , 1.1g / cm 3 And the numbers between any two of the above values ​​are all acceptable range values, for example, the value ratio can be taken from 0.95g / cm 3 -0.98g / cm 3 The value between can also be taken from 0.98g / cm 3-1.0g / cm 3 The value between 1.0g / cm 3 -1.1g / cm 3 It can also take values ​​between any two values.

[0090] Thus, the negative electrode material provided in the embodiment of the present application has a higher compaction density, which can improve the volume energy density of the sodium ion battery.

[0091] In some embodiments of the present application, the oxygen content of the negative electrode material is 0.5%-5%, and the nitrogen content is 0.5%-5%.

[0092] Maintaining the oxygen and nitrogen contents within the above ranges not only promotes the formation of a stable carbon layer structure in the negative electrode material, but also ensures that the carbon microcrystal structure is tightly connected and free of obvious pores, thereby effectively improving the conductivity of the negative electrode material.

[0093] As an example, the oxygen content of the negative electrode material can be measured by an oxygen and nitrogen tester to be 0.5%-5%. The value of this numerical ratio can be typically, but not limited to, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 5%, and any number between the above two values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the numerical ratio can be a value between 0.5%-1.5%, a value between 1.5%-3%, a value between 3%-5%, or a value between any two other values.

[0094] In addition, the measured nitrogen content of the negative electrode material is 0.5%-5%. The value of this numerical ratio can be, for example, but not limited to, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 5%, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the numerical ratio can be between 0.5%-1.5%, between 1.5%-3%, between 3%-5%, or any other number between any two values.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present application, the specific surface area of ​​the negative electrode material is 0.5 m 2 / g-10m 2 / g.

[0096] As an example, the specific surface area of ​​the negative electrode material can be measured by a specific surface area tester to be 0.5 m 2 / g-10m 2 / g. The value of this ratio can be typically, but not limited to, 0.5m 2 / g, 0.6m 2 / g、5m 2 / g、8m 2 / g、10m 2 / g and the numbers between any two of the above values ​​are all acceptable range values, for example, the value ratio can be taken from 0.5m 2 / g-3m 2 The value between / g can also be taken from 3m 2 / g-4m 2 The value between / g can also be taken from 4m 2 / g-10m 2 / g, and can also take values ​​between any two other values.

[0097] Thus, the negative electrode material provided in the embodiments of the present application has a high specific surface area, which can improve the initial coulombic efficiency of the sodium ion battery and further enhance the performance of the sodium ion battery.

[0098] In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon microcrystalline structure further includes sp 3 Hybridized carbon, the sp 3 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 42%-60%.

[0099] As an example, the above sp 3 The mass percentage of hybrid carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 42%-60%. The value of this numerical ratio can be typically but not limited to 42%, 51%, 53%, 54%, 60%, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the numerical ratio can be a value between 42% and 52%, a value between 52% and 54%, a value between 54% and 60%, or a value between any two other values.

[0100] Thus, the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 Hybrid carbon can also include sp 3 Hybrid carbon, sp 3 Hybrid carbon can ensure a certain spatial stacking structure within the negative electrode material, which is conducive to the insertion and extraction of sodium ions and can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode material. In turn, it can improve the conductivity of the negative electrode sheet in sodium-ion batteries and promote the rapid diffusion of sodium ions to a certain extent.

[0101] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a negative electrode material, as shown in FIG3 , which includes the following steps:

[0102] S301, uniformly mixing the initiator and the reaction monomer, performing a polycondensation reaction, and obtaining a precursor material.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present application, a precursor can be prepared first. Specifically, the reaction monomer is added to a reactor, and initiators of different electronegativity are added respectively, and stirred evenly at room temperature to ensure that the reaction monomer and initiator molecules are evenly mixed. Then, the mixed reaction monomer and initiator are subjected to a condensation reaction, and after cooling to room temperature, a precursor material is obtained. The reaction temperature of the condensation reaction is 100°C-300°C, and the reaction time is 2h-8h.

[0104] As an example, the reaction temperature of the polycondensation reaction is 100° C. to 300° C. Specifically, it can be 100° C., 300° C., or any value between 100° C. and 300° C., such as 110° C., 120° C., 150° C., 259° C., etc., which are not listed here.

[0105] The carbonization treatment time is 2 hours to 8 hours. Specifically, it can be 2 hours, 8 hours, or any value between 2 hours and 8 hours, such as 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, etc. These are not listed here.

[0106] In some embodiments of the present application, the initiator may include an oxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing initiator, and the initiator may have different electronegativities. For example, the initiator may include at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, hexamethylenetetramine, azobisisobutyronitrile, 1-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, pyrrole, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, and indole.

[0107] In some embodiments of the present application, the reactive monomer may be a reactive monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond. For example, the reactive monomer may include at least two of ethylene tar, an olefin monomer, and a diene monomer.

[0108] It should be noted that the above-mentioned initiators and reactive monomers are merely exemplary, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation of the initiators and reactive monomers.

[0109] In some embodiments of the present application, the molar ratio of the initiator to the reactive monomer is (1-10):1.

[0110] As an example, the molar ratio of the initiator to the monomer is (1-10): 1. Typical but non-limiting examples of this ratio include 1:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 4.5:1, 8:1, and numbers between any two of the above values, all of which are acceptable ranges. For example, the ratio can be between 1:1 and 2:1, between 2:1 and 8:1, between 8:1 and 10:1, or between any other two values.

[0111] As can be seen from the above, the embodiments of the present application can adjust the molar ratio between the initiator and the reactive monomer, making the content of the initiator and the reactive monomer more appropriate, thereby enabling the polymerization reaction of the two to proceed fully, and further, subsequently forming a highly conductive negative electrode material.

[0112] S302: Carbonizing and grinding the precursor material to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0113] In some embodiments of the present application, the precursor material obtained above can be subjected to high-temperature molding. Specifically, the precursor material can be subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment under an inert atmosphere, and its temperature can be naturally cooled to room temperature. The carbonization treatment temperature is 1000°C-1600°C, the carbonization heating rate is 0.5°C / min-5°C / min, and the carbonization treatment time is 2h-10h. Then, the precursor material that has been carbonized and cooled to room temperature can be ground to obtain a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material is the negative electrode material described above and will not be repeated here.

[0114] As an example, the carbonization treatment temperature is 1000° C. to 1600° C. Specifically, it can be 1000° C., 1600° C., or any value between 1000° C. and 1600° C., such as 1100° C., 1200° C., 1500° C., 1590° C., etc. These are not listed here.

[0115] The carbonization heating rate is 0.5°C / min-5°C / min. Specifically, it can be 0.5°C / min, 5°C / min, or any value between 0.5°C / min and 5°C / min, such as 0.6°C / min, 2.8°C / min, 3.9°C / min, 4.8°C / min, etc. These values ​​are not listed here.

[0116] The carbonization treatment time is 2 hours to 10 hours. Specifically, it can be 2 hours, 10 hours, or any value between 2 hours and 10 hours, such as 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, etc. These are not listed here.

[0117] It can be understood that the calculated values ​​of the above numerical ratios may allow for certain measurement test system errors during actual test operations, and the values ​​within the system error range may be understood as the range defined by the embodiments of the present application.

[0118] In some embodiments of the present application, during the grinding process of the precursor material, the grinding method may include air flow milling, mechanical milling, roller milling, ball milling, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the grinding method.

[0119] The above-mentioned negative electrode materials are introduced below through specific examples.

[0120] Example 1

[0121] S10. Ethylene tar and hexamethylenetetramine are added to a reactor and mixed into a uniform and stable solution at a molar ratio of 1:4. The mixture is then sealed in the reactor and placed at 200° C. for 6 hours for polycondensation to obtain a precursor material.

[0122] S11, firing the precursor material under an argon atmosphere at a carbonization temperature of 1200° C. for 3 hours. Then, crushing the fired precursor material in a jet mill to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0123] Example 2

[0124] S20, adding ethylene tar and hexamethylenetetramine into a reaction kettle and mixing them into a uniform and stable solution at a molar ratio of 1:3. The mixture is then sealed in the reaction kettle and placed at 200° C. for 6 hours for polycondensation to obtain a precursor material.

[0125] S21, firing the precursor material under an argon atmosphere at a carbonization temperature of 1200° C. for 3 hours. Then, crushing the fired precursor material in a jet mill to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0126] Example 3

[0127] S30, adding ethylene tar and hexamethylenetetramine into a reaction kettle and mixing them into a uniform and stable solution at a molar ratio of 1:4. The mixture is then sealed in the reaction kettle and placed at 100° C. for 6 hours for polycondensation to obtain a precursor material.

[0128] S31, firing the precursor material under an argon atmosphere at a carbonization temperature of 1200° C. for 3 hours. Then, crushing the fired precursor material in a jet mill to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0129] Example 4

[0130] S40, adding ethylene tar and hexamethylenetetramine into a reaction kettle and mixing them into a uniform and stable solution at a molar ratio of 1:4. The mixture is then sealed in the reaction kettle and placed at 200° C. for 6 hours for polycondensation to obtain a precursor material.

[0131] S41, firing the precursor material under an argon atmosphere at a carbonization temperature of 1500° C. for 3 hours. Then, crushing the fired precursor material in a jet mill to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0132] Example 5

[0133] S50, adding ethylene tar and benzoyl peroxide into a reactor and mixing them into a uniform and stable solution at a molar ratio of 1:4. The mixture is then sealed in the reactor and placed at 200° C. for 6 hours for polycondensation to obtain a precursor material.

[0134] S51, firing the precursor material under an argon atmosphere at a carbonization temperature of 1200° C. for 3 hours. Then, crushing the fired precursor material in a jet mill to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0135] Example 6

[0136] S60, adding ethylene tar and 1-methylpyridine into a reactor and mixing them into a uniform and stable solution at a molar ratio of 1:4. The mixture is then sealed in the reactor and placed at 200° C. for 6 hours for polycondensation to obtain a precursor material.

[0137] S61, firing the precursor material under an argon atmosphere at a carbonization temperature of 1200° C. for 3 hours. Then, crushing the fired precursor material in a jet mill to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0138] Comparative Example 1

[0139] S70, adding ethylene tar into a reactor, and sealing the reactor and placing it at 200° C. for 6 hours to perform a polycondensation reaction to obtain a precursor material.

[0140] S71, firing the precursor material under an argon atmosphere at a carbonization temperature of 1200° C. for 3 hours. Then, crushing the fired precursor material in a jet mill to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain a negative electrode material.

[0141] Comparative Example 2

[0142] S80, treating the coconut shell as a raw material, and pre-carbonizing it at 500° C. for 6 hours to obtain a precursor material.

[0143] S81: The precursor material is acid-washed, impurity-removed, crushed, and fired at a carbonization temperature of 1400° C. for 3 hours. The fired precursor material is then sieved and demagnetized to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain the negative electrode material.

[0144] Comparative Example 3

[0145] S90, solidifying the phenolic resin material as a raw material, and pre-carbonizing the material at 500° C. for 6 hours to obtain a precursor material.

[0146] S91, crushing and firing the precursor material, carbonizing the material at a temperature of 1400° C. for 3 hours, and then sieving and demagnetizing the fired precursor material to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain the negative electrode material.

[0147] Comparative Example 4

[0148] S100, processing anthracite as raw material, and pre-carbonizing it at 500° C. for 6 hours to obtain a precursor material.

[0149] S110: The precursor material is acid-washed, impurity-removed, crushed, and fired at a carbonization temperature of 1400° C. for 3 hours. The fired precursor material is then sieved and demagnetized to a D50 of 5.0 μm to obtain the negative electrode material.

[0150] The negative electrode materials prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and the corresponding sodium ion batteries were tested for performance. The test results are shown below:

[0151] In some embodiments of the present application, for the interlayer spacing, sp 2 The technical characteristics of hybrid carbon ratio, oxygen and nitrogen content analysis, crystallite length, crystallite layer number, specific surface area, etc. are shown in Table 1 below. It can be seen that Comparative Example 1 is a sample prepared from polymer monomer without adding initiator, and Comparative Example 4 is prepared using anthracite material through high temperature carbonization, crushing and other steps. It can be found that the interlayer spacing of Comparative Examples 1 and 4 is small, sp 2 Hybrid carbon has a high proportion, and its crystallite length and number of layers are also high. Its flat layer stacking phenomenon is serious, and the carbon crystallite structure is large, which is not conducive to the insertion and extraction of sodium ions and cannot effectively control the microstructure of the negative electrode material. As a result, the electrochemical sodium storage capacity of the negative electrode material is low.

[0152] Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are prepared by using biomass raw materials and resin through high temperature carbonization, crushing and other steps. The raw materials have poor controllability. It can be found that the interlayer spacing of Comparative Examples 1 and 4 is relatively high, sp 2 Hybrid carbon accounts for a low proportion, sp 2 Hybrid carbon accounts for a high proportion, and its spatial stacking phenomenon is serious, which seriously affects the conductive properties and overall compaction density of the negative electrode material. It also cannot effectively control the microstructure of the negative electrode material, thereby affecting the performance of the negative electrode material.

[0153] In addition, Examples 1 to 5 are samples prepared by adding initiator to the polymer monomer, and their interlayer spacing, sp 2The hybrid carbon ratio, oxygen and nitrogen content, crystallite length, and number of layers are all maintained within optimal ranges. This ensures a well-defined flat layer stacking and carbon crystallite structure within the negative electrode material. This further improves the negative electrode material's electrical conductivity and compaction density, thereby increasing its electrochemical sodium storage capacity.

[0154] Table 1

[0155] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to characterize the effect of the material on improving the electrochemical performance of sodium, we characterized the material's charge-discharge test capacity, coulombic efficiency, powder compaction, powder conductivity, etc., as shown in Table 2 below.

[0156] It can be seen that the mass specific capacity and compaction density corresponding to Comparative Examples 1-4 are all low, reducing the volume specific capacity of the negative electrode material and failing to improve the battery's energy density. Furthermore, the powder conductivity corresponding to Comparative Examples 1 and 4 is high and the initial coulombic efficiency is low. The powder conductivity corresponding to Comparative Examples 2 and 3 is low and the initial coulombic efficiency is high. This fails to balance the conductivity and cycle performance of the negative electrode material.

[0157] Furthermore, Examples 1-5 exhibit high specific mass capacities and compaction densities, effectively increasing the volumetric capacity (specific mass capacity × compaction density) of the negative electrode material while maintaining its sodium storage capacity, thereby increasing the battery's energy density. Furthermore, the powder conductivity and initial coulombic efficiency of the negative electrode material are further enhanced, effectively improving battery polarization and electrochemical performance.

[0158] Table 2

[0159] The present invention provides a method for preparing negative electrode materials by using single-molecule reaction monomers as raw materials and regulating the polymer structure based on polymerization reaction. 2 The structure-activity relationship between the proportion of hybrid carbon and sodium storage performance was determined, and the sp 2 The optimal parameter range of the hybrid carbon ratio ensures the compaction density and electron transport properties of the negative electrode material, thereby improving the overall conductivity of the negative electrode material and reducing polarization problems during the battery cell cycle.

[0160] An embodiment of the present application also provides a negative electrode plate, which includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer arranged on at least one side of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode material layer includes the above-mentioned negative electrode material or the negative electrode material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0161] An embodiment of the present application also provides a sodium ion battery, comprising a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is filled between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet comprises the negative electrode material as described above or the negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method as described above.

[0162] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes a housing, and electronic components and a battery housed in the housing. The battery supplies power to the electronic components, and the battery includes the sodium ion battery described above.

[0163] Electronic devices may include, for example, mobile phones, smart screens, tablet computers, personal computers (PCs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart watches, power banks, netbooks, wearable devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, vehicle-mounted devices, energy storage devices, base stations, and automobiles. The embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the specific form of the electronic device.

[0164] In some embodiments, multiple embodiments of the present application may be combined and the combined embodiments may be implemented. Optionally, some operations in the processes of the various method embodiments may be optionally combined, and / or the order of some operations may be optionally changed. Furthermore, the execution order between the steps of each process is merely exemplary and does not constitute a limitation on the execution order between the steps. Other execution orders may also be used between the steps. This is not intended to indicate that the execution order is the only order in which these operations may be performed.

[0165] Those skilled in the art will appreciate various ways to reorder the operations described in the embodiments of the present application. In addition, it should be noted that the process details involved in a certain embodiment of the present application are also applicable to other embodiments in a similar manner, or different embodiments can be used in combination.

[0166] In addition, some steps in the method embodiment may be equivalently replaced with other possible steps. Alternatively, some steps in the method embodiment may be optional and may be deleted in certain usage scenarios. Alternatively, other possible steps may be added to the method embodiment. Moreover, each method embodiment may be implemented separately or in combination. The above content is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A negative electrode material, characterized in that, The negative electrode material includes a carbon microcrystalline structure, and the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 hybridized carbon, and the mass percentage of the sp 2 hybridized carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40%-58%.

2. The negative electrode material according to claim 1, wherein The sp 2 The mass percentage of the hybridized carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 50%-58%.

3. The negative electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The carbon microcrystalline structure includes a plurality of stacked carbon layers, and the interlayer spacing between the plurality of carbon layers is 0.35 nm - 0.38 nm.

4. The negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The length of the carbon microcrystalline structure is 2 nm - 5.5 nm.

5. The negative electrode material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of layers n of the carbon layers is: 2 ≤ n ≤ 5.

6. The negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The conductivity of the negative electrode material is 50 S / cm - 80 S / cm.

7. The negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The tap density of the negative electrode material is 0.95 g / cm 3 -1.1 g / cm 3 .

8. The negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The oxygen content of the negative electrode material is 0.5% - 5%, and the nitrogen content of the negative electrode material is 0.5% - 5%.

9. The negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The specific surface area of the negative electrode material is 0.5 m 2 / g - 10 m 2 / g.

10. The negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The carbon microcrystalline structure further includes sp 3 hybridized carbon, and the mass percentage of the sp 3 hybridized carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 42%-60%.

11. A method for preparing a negative electrode material, characterized in that, The method includes: Mixing an initiator and a reaction monomer uniformly and performing a polycondensation reaction to obtain a precursor material; Performing carbonization and grinding treatments on the precursor material to obtain a negative electrode material; Among them, the negative electrode material includes a carbon microcrystalline structure, and the carbon microcrystalline structure includes sp 2 hybridized carbon, and the mass percentage of the sp 2 hybridized carbon in the carbon microcrystalline structure is 40%-58%.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The initiator includes at least one of benzoyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, hexamethylenetetramine, azobisisobutyronitrile, 1-methylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, pyrrole, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, and indole; The reaction monomer includes at least two of vinyl tar, olefin monomers, and diene monomers.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The reaction temperature of the polycondensation reaction is 100°C - 300°C, and the reaction time is 2 h - 8 h.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11-13, characterized in that, The performing carbonization and grinding treatments on the precursor material to obtain a negative electrode material includes: Performing carbonization treatment on the precursor material in an inert atmosphere; wherein, the carbonization treatment temperature is 1000°C - 1600°C, the carbonization heating rate is 0.5°C / min - 5°C / min, and the carbonization treatment time is 2 h - 10 h; Performing grinding treatment on the precursor material after carbonization treatment to obtain a negative electrode material.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the initiator to the reaction monomer is (1 - 10):

1.

16. A negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer provided on at least one side of the negative electrode current collector, characterized in that, The negative electrode material layer includes the negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1 - 10 or the negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 11 - 15.

17. A sodium-ion battery, characterized in that, It includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator located between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte is filled between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate includes the negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1 - 10 or the negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 11 - 15.

18. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes a housing, and electronic components and a battery accommodated in the housing. The battery powers the electronic components, and the battery includes the sodium ion battery according to claim 17.

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