Devices and methods of communication
AI-based mobility management predicts handovers using models to initiate measurement reports and transmit handover commands, reducing latency and improving network decision-making in telecommunication networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/075845
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Current AI-based mobility management solutions for handovers in telecommunication networks are incomplete and require further development to enhance performance and reduce complexity/overhead.
Implementing AI-based mobility management by predicting handovers from a source cell to a target cell using a model, allowing terminal devices to initiate measurement reports with predicted information and network devices to transmit handover commands based on this information, thereby facilitating proactive network decisions.
This approach reduces handover latency and improves network decision-making by providing timely assistance information, enhancing the efficiency of handover processes.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024075845_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for artificial intelligence (AI) -based mobility management.BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, it is expected to explore benefits of augmenting an air-interface with features enabling improved support of AI based algorithms for enhanced performance and / or reduced complexity / overhead. It has been proposed to introduce AI for mobility enhancement to improve handover performance. However, a solution of AI-based mobility management is still incomplete and needs to be further developed.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for AI-based mobility management.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: determine, based on a model, that a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point is predicted; and initiate a measurement report comprising predicted information of the handover.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a command for a handover from a source cell to a target cell, the command comprising at least one of the following: information of a time point of the handover, or information of signal strength for the handover; and perform the handover based on the command.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a terminal device, a measurement report comprising predicted information of a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point; and perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting the predicted information to a further network device providing the target cell, or transmitting, to the terminal device, a command for the handover comprising at least one of information of a time point of the handover or information of signal strength for the handover.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device and based on a model, that a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point is predicted; and initiating a measurement report comprising predicted information of the handover.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a command for a handover from a source cell to a target cell, the command comprising at least one of the following: information of a time point of the handover, or information of signal strength for the handover; and performing the handover based on the command.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a network device and from a terminal device, a measurement report comprising predicted information of a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point; and performing an operation comprising at least one of the following: transmitting the predicted information to a further network device providing the target cell, or transmitting, to the terminal device, a command for the handover comprising at least one of information of a time point of the handover or information of signal strength for the handover.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fourth to sixth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0011] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an AI common framework in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for AI-based mobility management in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication for AI-based mobility management in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0020] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0023] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0024] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0025] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0026] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0027] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under MR-DC application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0028] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, self-organizing networks (SON) / minimization of drive tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0029] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0030] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0031] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “at least in part based on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0032] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0033] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “a connected state” may be interchangeably used with “an RRC_CONNECTED state” , the term “an idle state” may be interchangeably used with “an RRC_IDLE state” , and the term “an inactive state” may be interchangeably used with “an RRC_INACTIVE state” .
[0034] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “AI” may be interchangeably used with “machine learning (ML) ” or “AI / ML” . The term “AI model” may be interchangeably used with “ML model” or “AL / ML model” or “model” . The term “a target cell” herein may be interchangeably used with “a neighboring cell” or “a candidate cell” .
[0035] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of AI-based mobility management. In one aspect, upon determination that a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point is predicted based on a model, a terminal device may initiate a measurement report comprising predicted information of the handover. In this way, more assistance information may be provided in a suitable time point to facilitate network decision.
[0036] In another aspect, upon reception of a measurement report comprising predicted information of a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point, a network device may transmit the predicted information to a further network device providing the target cell. In this way, AI related information may be exchanged between next generation-radio access network (NG-RAN) nodes for better network implementation.
[0037] In still another aspect, a network device may transmit, to a terminal device, a command for a handover from a source cell to a target cell comprising at least one of information of a time point of the handover or information of signal strength for the handover. Based on the command, the terminal device may perform the handover. In this way, a handover command may be provided in advance with some condition, and latency of handover may be reduced.
[0038] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘a handover command’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘reconfiguration with sync’ or ‘radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration with sync’ or ‘a command for a handover’ .
[0039] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0040] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120 and 130. In some embodiments, each of the network devices 120 and 130 may provide one or more cells (not shown) to serve the terminal device 110.
[0042] The terminal device 110 may have a plurality of beams (not shown) , and each of the network devices 120 and 130 may have a plurality of beams (not shown) . A channel (or called as a sub-channel in this case) may be formed between one of the plurality of beams of the terminal device 110 and one of the plurality of beams of the network device 120 or 130. The terminal device 110 may transmit information to the network device 120 or 130, or receive information from the network device 120 or 130 via one or more sub-channels.
[0043] It is to be understood that the number of devices in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or other network elements adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0044] As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 and each of the network devices 120 and 130 may communicate with each other via Uu interface. The network device 120 and the network device 130 may communication with each other via Xn interface. The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram 200 of an AI common framework in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 2, training data, monitoring data and inference data may be obtained through an entity of data collection 210.
[0046] With reference to FIG. 2, the training data may be used for model training by an entity of model training 220. An AI model may be trained / updated through the model training. The trained / updated AI model may be stored by an entity of model storage 230.
[0047] With reference to FIG. 2, the monitoring data may be used for model management by an entity of model management 240. The entity of model management 240 may send performance feedback / retraining request to the entity of model training 220 for model retraining. The entity of model management 240 may send model transfer / delivery request to the entity of model storage 230, and the entity of model storage 230 may transfer or delivery the stored AI model to an entity of model inference 250.
[0048] As shown in FIG. 2, the inference data may be used for model inference by the entity of model inference 250. With the inference data as an input of the AI model, an output data set may be obtained by the model inference. The entity of model inference 250 may provide a monitoring output to the entity of model management 240 and receive an indication of model selection / activation / deactivation / switching / fallback from the entity of model management 240.
[0049] So far, life cycle management (LCM) of an AI model is described with reference to FIG. 2. It is to be understood that although the entities 210 to 250 are shown or described as separate entities in FIG. 2, these entities 210-250 may be implemented in one or more physical entities.
[0050] Traditionally, a handover is a reactive approach, i.e., a terminal device may trigger a measurement report based on real-time signal condition, and a network (NW) may respond to the terminal device for handover based on the measurement report considering latency and signal condition change. With an AI model, a radio resource management (RRM) measurement and / or handover event may be predicted to enhance handover performance. In this case, a proactive approach may be introduced. That is, the terminal device may predict when the handover event is fulfilled and report to NW in advance, so that let NW have enough time to make a better decision.
[0051] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of AI-based mobility management including enhanced measurement report, enhanced interaction between NG-RANs, enhanced handover command and / or AI failure report. For illustration, the solutions will be detailed below with reference to FIGs. 3 and 4.
[0052] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DELIVERY OF AI RELATED INFORMATION
[0053] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 300 of communication for AI-based mobility management in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network devices 120 and 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. It is assumed that an AI model is deployed at the terminal device 110. The network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a target cell for the terminal device 110.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 3, the network device 120 may transmit 310, to the terminal device 110, an AI related configuration for a report of AI related information (also referred to as predicted information of a handover herein) . The AI related information may be inferenced by the AI model. In some embodiments, the AI related configuration may be comprised in a measurement configuration for the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the AI related information may be reported in a measurement report.
[0055] In some embodiments, the AI related configuration may comprise information of a time point of reporting the AI related information. In some embodiments, the AI related configuration may comprise a timer (also referred to as a delay timer herein) for delaying the report of the AI related information. In some embodiments, the AI related configuration may comprise a time offset (also referred to as a first time offset herein) to a predicted time point of a handover. It is to be understood that the AI related configuration may comprise any other suitable information. Alternatively, the delay timer or the time offset may be predefined.
[0056] With reference to FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may determine 320 that a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point (denoted as T1 hereinafter) is predicted. In other words, based on the AI model, the terminal device 110 may predict that the handover will occur at the future time point. In some embodiments, based on model inference, it may be predicted that an event (e.g., event A3 or A5) will be fulfilled at T1, and thus the terminal device 110 may determine that the handover at T1 is predicted. In some embodiments, based on model inference, a potential target cell for the handover at T1 may be predicted, and thus the terminal device 110 may determine that the handover at T1 is predicted. It is to be understood that the terminal device 110 may determine that the handover is predicted based on any other suitable AI model outputs.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 3, upon determination that the handover is predicted, the terminal device 110 may report 330 the predicted information of the handover. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate a measurement report comprising the predicted information of the handover.
[0058] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise confidence or accuracy of prediction of the handover. In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise a general confidence or accuracy of prediction of the AI model. In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise an individual confidence or accuracy of prediction for each AI model output parameter.
[0059] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise that an event for triggering the handover is to be fulfilled at a specific time point (also referred to as a first time point herein) , e.g., the event is to be fulfilled at T1. In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise that the target cell is predicted at the first time point, e.g., the target cell is predicted at T1.
[0060] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise that a radio link failure (RLF) occurs at a further specific time point (also referred to as a second time point herein, denoted as T2) . In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise time of stay in the target cell.
[0061] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information of a ping-pong issue of the handover. For example, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information that the ping-pong issue will occur or not occur for the handover. In another example, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information of presence or absence of the ping-pong issue at different time points.
[0062] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information of failure of the handover. For example, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information that the failure will occur or not occur in the handover. In another example, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information of presence or absence of the failure at different time points.
[0063] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information of success of the handover. For example, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information that the handover will be successful or unsuccessful. In another example, the predicted information of the handover may comprise information of whether the handover is successful at different time points.
[0064] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise a set of target cells of subsequent handover. For example, the predicted information of the handover may comprise a set of identities (IDs) of cells to which the terminal device 110 may switch subsequently.
[0065] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise a set of candidates of the target cell, i.e., one or more other potential target cells.
[0066] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise signal strength of a serving cell at different time points. In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise signal strength of a neighbor cell at different time points. In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise velocity or location or trajectory or traffic of the terminal device 110.
[0067] It is to be understood that any combination of the above predicted information of the handover and any other suitable predicted information of the handover may also be feasible.
[0068] With reference to FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may determine 331 whether one or more conditions for initiating the measurement report are fulfilled, i.e., determine whether the measurement report is allowed to be initiated. In some embodiments, the one or more conditions may be associated with at least one of AI confidence, AI accuracy, real measurement result, RLF or time of stay. Some example embodiments will be described below.
[0069] In some embodiments, if confidence of prediction of the handover is greater than or equal to a confidence threshold, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report. In some embodiments, if the confidence of prediction of the handover is lower than or equal to the confidence threshold, the terminal device 110 may not initiate the measurement report. Alternatively or additionally, the terminal device 110 may fallback to traditional RRM measurement. In some embodiments, the confidence may be a general confidence of prediction of the AI model. In some embodiments, the confidence may be an individual confidence of prediction of each AI model output parameter. In some embodiments, the confidence threshold may be configured. In some embodiments, the confidence threshold may be predefined.
[0070] In some embodiments, if accuracy of prediction of the handover is greater than or equal to an accuracy threshold, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report. In some embodiments, if the accuracy of prediction of the handover is lower than or equal to the accuracy threshold, the terminal device 110 may not initiate the measurement report. Alternatively or additionally, the terminal device 110 may fallback to traditional RRM measurement. In some embodiments, the accuracy may be a general accuracy of prediction of the AI model. In some embodiments, the accuracy may be an individual accuracy of prediction of each AI model output parameter. In some embodiments, the accuracy threshold may be configured. In some embodiments, the accuracy threshold may be predefined.
[0071] In some embodiments, if predicted time of stay in the target cell is greater than or equal to a time threshold, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report. In some embodiments, if the predicted time of stay in the target cell is lower than or equal to the time threshold, the terminal device 110 may not initiate the measurement report. In some embodiments, the time threshold may be configured. In some embodiments, the time threshold may be predefined.
[0072] In some embodiments, if the one or more conditions for initiating the measurement report are fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may decide to initiate the measurement report. Alternatively, upon determination that the handover at the future time point is predicted, the terminal device 110 may decide to initiate the measurement report without evaluation of the one or more conditions for initiating the measurement report.
[0073] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate 332 the measurement report directly without any delay. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate 333 the measurement report at a predetermined time point, i.e., after a period of time.
[0074] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report based on the delay timer. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may start the delay timer upon determination that the handover is predicted or the measurement report is to be initiated. The terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report upon expiry of the delay timer.
[0075] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report based on the time offset to the predicted time point of the handover. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report at the predetermined time point earlier than the future time point (i.e., the predicted time point of the handover) by the time offset.
[0076] In some embodiments, if a predicted time point (i.e., T2) of RLF is earlier than a predicted time point (i.e., T1) of the handover, the terminal device 110 may skip or neglect the predetermined time point (e.g., the delay timer or the time offset to T1) to initiate the measurement report directly.
[0077] In some embodiments, at the predetermined time point, the terminal device 110 may re-determine whether the measurement report is allowed to be initiated, and may initiate the measurement report if the measurement report is allowed to be initiated. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform a real measurement on signal strength of the source cell at the predetermined time point (e.g., expiry of the delay timer or at the time point earlier than T1 by the time offset) . The terminal device 110 may re-determine whether the measurement report is allowed to be initiated based on the real measurement.
[0078] In some embodiments, if the measured signal strength of the source cell is lower than or equal to a strength threshold, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report. In some embodiments, if the measured signal strength of the source cell is lower than or equal to predicted signal strength of the source cell at the predetermined time point, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report. In some embodiments, the strength threshold may be configured. In some embodiments, the strength threshold may be predefined.
[0079] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate 340 a master cell group (MCG) or a secondary cell group (SCG) failure information procedure if a command for the handover (i.e., reconfiguration with sync) has not received at a time point earlier than the predicted time point (i.e., T2) of RLF by a further time offset (also referred to as a second time offset herein) . In some embodiments, the further time offset may be configured. In some embodiments, the further time offset may be predefined.
[0080] For illustration, an example procedure of initiating the measurement report may be described as below.
[0081] 1> if AI model is used for AI mobility:
[0082] 2> if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and if the entry condition applicable for this event, i.e. the event corresponding with the eventId of the corresponding reportConfig within VarMeasConfig, will be fulfilled at T1 (based on AI inference) for one or more applicable cells for all measurements after layer 3 filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined for this event within the VarMeasConfig, or,
[0083] 2> if the AI model inference that there are one or more application cells available / exist for handover at T1:
[0084] 3> if, based on AI related information, the predicted AI confidence / accuracy is greater than threshold_confidence / accuracy:
[0085] 4> if, delay timer / offset to T1 is not configured:
[0086] 5> initiate the measurementReport transmission procedure;
[0087] 4> else (delay timer / offset to T1 is configured) :
[0088] 5> if the T2 (predicted RLF time point) is earlier than T1:
[0089] 6> initiate the measurementReport transmission procedure (without considering delay timer / offset) ;
[0090] 6> if at T2 –offsetToT2, reconfigure with sync has not been received:
[0091] 7> initiate the MCG failure information procedure;
[0092] 5> if real measurement is not configured, or at the time point of the expiration of delay timer or T1 –offset, the real measurement result is greater than threshold_signalStrength:
[0093] 6> initiate the measurementReport transmission procedure at the time point of the expiration of delay timer or T1 –offset,
[0094] 5> else (real measurement is configured and measurement result is below than a threshold_signalStrength) :
[0095] 6> cancel the measurementReport transmission procedure,
[0096] 6> apply the non-AI based measurement management,
[0097] 3> else (AI confidence / accuracy is below than threshold_confidence / accuracy) :
[0098] 4> cancel the measurementReport transmission procedure,
[0099] 4> apply the non-AI based measurement management.
[0100] In this example, an information element (IE) ‘reportType’ indicates a type of a measurement report, an IE ‘eventTriggered’ indicates a measurement report is triggered by an event, an IE ‘eventId’ indicates an ID of an event, an IE ‘reportConfig’ indicates a measurement report configuration, an IE ‘VarMeasConfig’ indicates a variable of a measurement configuration, an IE ‘timeToTrigger’ indicates a time to trigger a measurement report, an IE ‘threshold_confidence / accuracy’ indicates a confidence or accuracy threshold, and an IE ‘threshold_signalStrength’ indicates a signal strength threshold.
[0101] For illustration, an example procedure of generating the measurement report may be described as below.
[0102] Upon the initiation of measurementReport transmission procedure, the UE shall set the AI related info within the MeasurementReport message as follows:
[0103] 1> include The AI prediction confidence / accuracy (if available) ;
[0104] 1> include event-X and the specific time point (T1) for corresponding event-X fulfilling (if available) ;
[0105] 1> include potential cell ID and the specific time point (T1) for handover (if available) ;
[0106] 1> include RLF and the specific time point (T2) (if available) ;
[0107] 1> include time of stay in the target cell (if available) ;
[0108] 1> include Ping-pong (at different time points) (if available) ;
[0109] 1> include Handover failure (at different time points) (if available) ;
[0110] 1> include Handover successful (at different time points) (if available) ;
[0111] 1> include subsequent Cell ID (s) for handover (if available) ;
[0112] 1> include other potential target Cell ID (s) (if available) ;
[0113] …
[0114] 1> submit the MeasurementReport message to lower layers for transmission, upon which the procedure ends.
[0115] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, upon reception of the measurement report comprising the predicted information of the handover, the network device 120 may transmit 350 the predicted information of the handover to the network device 130 providing the target cell. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may cause the predicted information of the handover to be included in a Xn message, e.g., a handover request message or any other suitable Xn messages.
[0116] As shown in FIG. 3, the network device 130 may perform 351 admission control based on the predicted information of the handover. The network device 130 may transmit 352 a RRC reconfiguration message to the terminal device 110 via the network device 120. For example, the network device 130 may transmit, to the network device 120, an Xn message containing the RRC reconfiguration message, e.g., a handover request acknowledgement (ACK) message or any other suitable Xn messages.
[0117] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may determine 360 that a failure in prediction of the handover (also referred to as AI prediction failure herein) occurs. The failure may occur due to a RLF, a ping-pong issue, or a short time of stay.
[0118] In some embodiments, if a RLF occurs after the measurement report comprising the predicted information of handover is initiated, the terminal device 110 may determine that the failure occurs in the prediction and consider that the failure is due to RLF. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may set a RLF cause in a variable of RLF report to indicate an AI prediction failure due to RLF.
[0119] In some embodiments, if a further handover from the target cell to the source cell is performed in a first period of time after the measurement report is initiated and the handover to the target cell is performed, and the first period of time is lower than or equal to a first time threshold, the terminal device 110 may determine the failure occurs in the prediction and consider that the failure is due to a ping-pong issue. That is, if the terminal device 110 is switched back to the source cell in a short time after switching to the target cell, the terminal device 110 may determine that the failure occurs in the prediction and consider that the failure is due to the ping-pong issue. In some embodiments, the first time threshold may be configured. In some embodiments, the first time threshold may be predefined. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may set a value ‘AI prediction failure due to ping-pong’ in a UE variable (e.g., VarAIMobilityReport) .
[0120] In some embodiments, if a further handover from the target cell to a further cell different from the source cell is performed in a second period of time after the measurement report is initiated and the handover to the target cell is performed, and the second period of time is lower than or equal to a second time threshold, the terminal device 110 may determine the failure occurs in the prediction and consider that the failure is due to a short time of stay. That is, if the terminal device 110 is switched to another cell different from the source cell in a short time after switching to the target cell, the terminal device 110 may determine the failure occurs in the prediction and consider that the failure is due to a short time of stay. In some embodiments, the second time threshold may be configured. In some embodiments, the second time threshold may be predefined. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may set a value ‘AI prediction failure due to short time of stay’ in a UE variable (e.g., VarAIMobilityReport) .
[0121] With reference to FIG. 3, upon determination that the AI prediction failure occurs, the terminal device 110 may perform 361 model management.
[0122] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform a model update for the model. The model update means that the terminal device 110 considers the AI model is not reliable and needs to update the AI model for better performance.
[0123] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform a model fine-tuning for the model. The fine-tuning belongs to the model update but a minor update.
[0124] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform a model switch from the model to a further model. The model switch means that if there are multiple AI models available at the terminal device side, the terminal device 110 may start to select a better AI model after the AI prediction failure.
[0125] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below.
[0126] Upon the transmission of AI based measurementReport, the UE shall:
[0127] 1> if radio link failure is detected:
[0128] (after RRCReestablishment)
[0129] 2> set the rlf-Cause as AI_prediction _failure_rlf in the VarRLF-Report (and this report will be transmitted to NW once requested) ;
[0130] 2> initiate AI model update / fine-tuning / switching procedure for AI mobility;
[0131] 1> if the event AI prediction failure due to ping-pong / short time of stay happens:
[0132] 2> set the AI_prediction_failure_pingPong or AI_prediction_failure_shortTimeOfStay in VarAIMobilityReport;
[0133] 2> initiate AI model update / fine-tuning / switching procedure for AI mobility.
[0134] In this example, an IE ‘rlf-Cause’ indicates a RLF cause, an IE ‘AI_prediction _failure_rlf’ indicates an AI prediction failure due to RLF, an IE ‘VarRLF-Report’ indicates a variable of RLF report, an IE ‘AI_prediction_failure_pingPong’ indicates an AI prediction failure due to a ping-pong issue, an IE ‘AI_prediction_failure_shortTimeOfStay’ indicates an AI prediction failure due to a short time to stay, or an IE ‘VarAIMobilityReport’ indicates a variable of AI prediction failure report.
[0135] Upon determination that the AI prediction failure occurs, the terminal device 110 may transmit information of the AI prediction failure to the network device 130 providing the target cell. In some embodiments, the information of the AI prediction failure may indicate that the failure in the prediction is due to a RLF. In some embodiments, the information of the AI prediction failure may indicate that the failure in the prediction is due to a ping-pong issue. In some embodiments, the information of the AI prediction failure may indicate that the failure in the prediction is due to a short time of stay.
[0136] With reference to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit 362, to the network device 130, an indication that the information of the AI prediction failure is available. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may indicate availability of the information of the AI prediction failure in a RRC message, e.g., a RRC setup message, a RRC resume message, or a RRC reconfiguration complete message.
[0137] As shown in FIG. 3, the network device 130 may transmit 363, to the terminal device 110, a request for the information of the AI prediction failure in a RRC message, e.g., in a UE information request message or any other suitable messages.
[0138] As shown in FIG. 3, the terminal device 110 may transmit 364 the information of the AI prediction failure to the network device 130 in a RRC message, e.g., in a UE information response message or any other suitable messages.
[0139] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below.
[0140] Upon reception of UEInformationRequest, the UE shall:
[0141] 1> if rlf-ReportReq is set to true:
[0142] 2> set the rlf-Report in the UEInformationResponse message to the value of rlf-Report in VarRLF-Report;
[0143] 1> if AIMobilityReportReq is included:
[0144] 2> set the AIMobilityReport in the UEInformationResponse message to the value corresponding to VarAIMobilityReport;
[0145] 1> submit the UEInformationResponse message to lower layers for transmission via SRB1.
[0146] In this example, an IE ‘rlf-ReportReq’ indicates a request for RLF report, an IE ‘VarRLF-Report’ indicates a variable of RLF report, an IE ‘AIMobilityReportReq’ indicates a request for an AI prediction failure report, an IE ‘AIMobilityReport’ indicates an AI prediction failure report, or an IE ‘VarAIMobilityReport’ indicates a variable of AI prediction failure report.
[0147] In some alternative embodiments, the terminal device 110 may directly transmit the information of the AI prediction failure to the network device 130 upon determination of the AI prediction failure.
[0148] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit 370, to the network device 130, information of capability of the terminal device 110 comprising information of the model management. In other words, after the model management, AI related capability of the terminal device 110 may change. In this case, the terminal device 110 may proactively report the changed AI related capability, i.e., the information of the model management.
[0149] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit the information of capability of the terminal device 110 comprising the information of the model management via a RRC message such as a UE assistance information message or any other suitable messages.
[0150] In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate information of the model and / or the further model. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate an ID of the model or a further model. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate a functionality of the model or the further model. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate a version of the model or the further model. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate a size of the model or the further model. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate number of parameters of the model or the further model.
[0151] In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate a condition (also referred to as a first condition herein) of applying the model or the further model. For example, a temperature or device energy or any other applicable conditions. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate an additional condition (also referred to as a second condition herein) of applying the model or the further model, For example, a moving speed, a location or any other applicable additional conditions.
[0152] In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate a requirement for model inference of the model or the further model. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate a requirement for model monitoring of the model or the further model. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate a requirement for data collection of the model or the further model.
[0153] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below.
[0154] Upon the change of AI model information, the UE shall:
[0155] 1> include the changed AI model information into UL RRC (e.g., UAI, AICapReport) for transmission.
[0156] In this example, an IE ‘AICapReport’ indicates an AI capability report.
[0157] So far, a solution of AI-based mobility management is described. It is to be understood that operations in the process 300 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0158] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENHANCED HANDOVER COMMAND
[0159] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an enhancement on a handover command so as to provide a solution of AI-based mobility management. Details will be described in connection with FIG. 4.
[0160] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 400 of communication for AI-based mobility management in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 400 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 4 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added. The network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110.
[0161] As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 120 may transmit 410, to the terminal device 110, a command (i.e., reconfiguration with sync) for a handover from the source cell to the target cell. The network device 120 may introduce one or more conditions for the handover in the command. In this way, latency of the handover may be reduced.
[0162] In some embodiments, the command may comprise information of a time point of the handover. In some embodiments, the information of the time point may comprise a value of a timer (e.g., the delay timer) . In some embodiments, the information of the time point may comprise a time offset to a predicted time point (i.e., T1) of the handover.
[0163] In some embodiments, the command may comprise information of signal strength for the handover. In some embodiments, the information of signal strength may comprise a first threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the target cell. In some embodiments, the information of signal strength may comprise a second threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the source cell.
[0164] It is to be understood that any combination of the above information or any other suitable information may also be included in the command. The present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0165] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may determine the information of the time point or signal strength for the handover based on the above measurement report comprising the predicted information of the handover provided by the terminal device 110. Alternatively, the network device 120 may determine the information of the time point or signal strength for the handover without considering the above measurement report comprising the predicted information of the handover. The present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0166] For illustration, an example reconfiguration with sync is described as below.
[0167] In this example, an IE ‘delayTimer’ indicates the timer used to delay the procedure of executing the handover. The unit may be ms or any other suitable units. An IE ‘offsetToT1’ indicates the time offset to the predicted time point of handover used to execute the handover procedure at a specific time point (T1 –offsetToT1) . The unit is the same as T1 and may be any other suitable units.
[0168] An IE ‘threshold_signalStrength_neighbor’ indicates the first threshold used to determine whether the signal strength of target cell is good enough to let the terminal device 110 execute the handover. The unit may be dBm, RSRP, RSRQ or any other suitable units. An IE ‘threshold_signalStrength_serving’ indicates the second threshold used to determine whether the signal strength of serving cell is poor enough to let the terminal device 110 execute the handover. The unit may be dBm, RSRP, RSRQ or any other suitable units.
[0169] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may perform 420 the handover based on the command. In other words, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover based on the one or more conditions provided in the command.
[0170] In some embodiments, upon reception of the command, the terminal device 110 may start the timer, and may perform the handover when the timer expires. In other words, upon reception of the IE ‘delay timer’ within the reconfiguration with sync, the terminal device 110 may apply the reconfiguration with sync to handover to the target cell upon expiration of the delay timer.
[0171] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover at the time point earlier than the predicted time point of the handover by the time offset. In other words, upon reception of the IE ‘offsetToT1’ within the reconfiguration with sync, the terminal device 110 may apply the reconfiguration with sync to handover to the target cell at the specific time point (T1 –offsetToT1) .
[0172] In some embodiments, upon reception of the command, the terminal device 110 may perform a real measurement on signal strength of the target cell. In some embodiments, if the measured signal strength of the target cell is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover. In some embodiments, if the measured signal strength of the target cell is greater than or equal to the first threshold in a time duration (e.g., a time to trigger (TTT) ) , the terminal device 110 may perform the handover.
[0173] For example, upon reception of the IE ‘threshold_signalStrength_neighbor’ within the reconfiguration with sync, the terminal device 110 may start performing the real measurement on the corresponding target cell. Once the measured signal strength of the target cell is greater than or equal to the first threshold (e.g., in TTT) , the terminal device 110 may apply the reconfiguration with sync to handover to the target cell.
[0174] In some embodiments, upon reception of the command, the terminal device 110 may perform a real measurement on signal strength of the source cell (i.e., serving cell) . In some embodiments, if the measured signal strength of the serving cell is lower than or equal to the second threshold, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover. In some embodiments, if the measured signal strength of the serving cell is lower than or equal to the second threshold in a time duration (e.g., TTT) , the terminal device 110 may perform the handover.
[0175] For example, upon reception of the IE ‘threshold_signalStrength_serving’ within the reconfiguration with sync, the terminal device 110 may start performing the real measurement on the serving cell. Once the measured signal strength of the serving cell is lower than or equal to the second threshold (e.g., in TTT) , the terminal device 110 may apply the reconfiguration with sync to handover to the target cell.
[0176] In some embodiments, the information of the time point and the information of the signal strength may be used in combination. For example, the terminal device 110 may firstly delay to apply the reconfiguration with sync based on the delay timer. After expiration of the delay timer, if the measured signal strength of the target cell is still not exceeding the first threshold or the measured signal strength of the serving cell is still not below the second threshold, the terminal device 110 may not apply the reconfiguration with sync.
[0177] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below.
[0178] UE shall perform the following actions to execute a reconfiguration with sync.
[0179] 1> if delayTimer, offsetToT1, threshold_signalStength_neighbor and / or threshold_signalStength_serving is included:
[0180] (option 1: only delayTimer)
[0181] 2> start delayTimer;
[0182] 2> if the delayTimer expires:
[0183] 3> apply the configuration within ReconfigurationWithSync (for handover execution) ;
[0184] (option 2: only offsetToT1)
[0185] 2> apply the configuration within ReconfigurationWithSync (for handover execution) at the specific time point T1 –offsetToT1;
[0186] (option 3: only threshold)
[0187] 2> perform the real measurements on the target cell / serving cell;
[0188] 2> if the real measurement result of the target cell is greater than the threshold_signalStrength_neighbor (for a duration) , or,
[0189] 2> if the real measurement result of the serving cell is lower than the threshold_signalStrength_serving (for a duration) :
[0190] 3> apply the configuration within ReconfigurationWithSync (for handover execution) ;
[0191] (option 4: delayTimer + threshold)
[0192] 2> start delayTimer;
[0193] 2> perform the real measurements on the target cell serving cell;
[0194] 2> if the delayTimer expires, and
[0195] 2> if the real measurement result of the target cell is greater than the threshold_signalStrength_neighbor (for a duration) , or
[0196] 2> if the real measurement result of the serving cell is lower than the threshold_signalStrength_serving (for a duration) :
[0197] 3> apply the configuration within ReconfigurationWithSync (for handover execution) ;
[0198] (option 5: offsetToT1 + threshold)
[0199] 2> perform the real measurements on the target cell serving cell;
[0200] 2> if at the specific time point T1 –offsetToT1:
[0201] 2> if the real measurement result of the target cell is greater than the threshold_signalStrength_neighbor (for a duration) , or
[0202] 2> if the real measurement result of the serving cell is lower than the threshold_signalStrength_serving (for a duration) :
[0203] 3> apply the configuration within ReconfigurationWithSync (for handover execution) .
[0204] In this example, an IE ‘ReconfigurationWithSync’ indicates reconfiguration with sync, an IE ‘delayTimer’ indicates a delay timer, an IE ‘offsetToT1’ indicates the time offset to the predicted time point of handover, an IE ‘threshold_signalStrength_neighbor’ indicates the first threshold, and an IE ‘threshold_signalStrength_serving’ indicates the second threshold.
[0205] So far, an enhanced handover command is described. It is to be understood that operations or processes or procedures described above in connection with FIGs. 3 and 4 may be performed separately or in any suitable combination.
[0206] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0207] Corresponding to the above processes, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 5 to 7.
[0208] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 500 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 500 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 500 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0209] At block 510, the terminal device 110 determines, based on a model, that a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point is predicted.
[0210] At block 520, the terminal device 110 initiates a measurement report comprising predicted information of the handover.
[0211] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise at least one of the following: confidence of prediction of the handover; an event for triggering the handover is to be fulfilled at a first time point; the target cell is predicted at the first time point; a radio link failure occurs at a second time point; time of stay in the target cell; information of a ping-pong issue of the handover; information of failure of the handover; information of success of the handover; a set of target cells of subsequent handover; or a set of candidates of the target cell.
[0212] In some embodiments, the terminal device may initiate the measurement report based on at least one of the following: confidence of prediction of the handover is greater than or equal to a confidence threshold; or predicted time of stay in the target cell is greater than or equal to a time threshold.
[0213] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report by: initiating the measurement report at a predetermined time point. In some embodiments, the predetermined time point may be earlier than the future time point by a first time offset. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report by: in accordance with a determination that the handover is predicted, starting a timer; and in accordance with a determination that the timer expires, initiating the measurement report. In some embodiments, if a predicted time point of a radio link failure is earlier than a predicted time point of the handover, the terminal device 110 may skip the predetermined time point to initiate the measurement report directly. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may initiate the measurement report by: performing a real measurement on signal strength of the source cell at the predetermined time point; and in accordance with a determination that the signal strength of the source cell is lower than or equal to a strength threshold, initiating the measurement report.
[0214] In some embodiments, if a command for the handover has not received at a time point earlier than a predicted time point of a radio link failure by a second time offset, the terminal device 110 may initiate a MCG or a SCG failure information procedure.
[0215] In some embodiments, upon determination that a failure in prediction of the handover occurs, and the terminal device 110 may perform model management on the model.
[0216] In some embodiments, if a RLF occurs after the measurement report is initiated, the terminal device 110 may determine that the failure in the prediction occurs due to the RLF. In some embodiments, if a further handover from the target cell to the source cell is performed in a first period of time after the measurement report is initiated and the handover to the target cell is performed, and the first period of time is lower than or equal to a first time threshold, the terminal device 110 may determine that the failure in the prediction occurs due to a ping-pong issue. In some embodiments, if a further handover from the target cell to a further cell is performed in a second period of time after the measurement report is initiated and the handover to the target cell is performed, and the second period of time is lower than or equal to a second time threshold, the terminal device 110 may determine that the failure in the prediction occurs due to a short time of stay.
[0217] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the model management by performing a model update for the model. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the model management by performing a model fine-tuning for the model. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the model management by performing a model switch from the model to a further model.
[0218] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to a further network device (e.g., the network device 130) providing the target cell, an indication that information of the failure in the prediction is available. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the further network device, a request for the information of the failure in the prediction. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the further network device, the information of the failure in the prediction.
[0219] In some embodiments, the information of the failure in the prediction may indicate the failure in the prediction is due to a RLF. In some embodiments, the information of the failure in the prediction may indicate the failure in the prediction is due to a ping-pong issue. In some embodiments, the information of the failure in the prediction may indicate the failure in the prediction is due to a short time of stay.
[0220] In some embodiments, if the model management is performed, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, information of capability of the terminal device comprising information of the model management.
[0221] In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate at least one of the following: an identity of the model or a further model; a functionality of the model or the further model; a version of the model or the further model; a size of the model or the further model; number of parameters of the model or the further model; a first condition (i.e., applicable condition) of applying the model or the further model; a second condition (i.e., applicable additional condition) of applying the model or the further model; a requirement for model inference of the model or the further model; a requirement for model monitoring of the model or the further model; or a requirement for data collection of the model or the further model.
[0222] It is to be understood that the above embodiments may be carried out separately or in any combinations. With the method 500, more assistance information may be provided in a suitable time point to facilitate network decision.
[0223] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0224] At block 610, the terminal device 110 receives, from the network device 120, a command for a handover from a source cell to a target cell. In some embodiments, the command may comprise at least one of the following: information of a time point of the handover, or information of signal strength for the handover.
[0225] In some embodiments, the information of the time point may comprise at least one of the following: a value of a timer; or a time offset to a predicted time point of the handover. In some embodiments, the information of signal strength may comprise at least one of the following: a first threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the target cell; or a second threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the source cell.
[0226] At block 620, the network device 120 performs the handover based on the command.
[0227] In some embodiments, upon reception of the command, the terminal device 110 may start the timer. If the timer expires, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover at the time point earlier than the predicted time point of the handover by the time offset.
[0228] In some embodiments, upon reception of the command, the terminal device 110 may perform a real measurement on signal strength of the target cell. If the measured signal strength of the target cell is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover. In some embodiments, upon reception of the command, the terminal device 110 may perform a real measurement on signal strength of the source cell. If the measured signal strength of the source cell is lower than or equal to the second threshold, the terminal device 110 may perform the handover.
[0229] It is to be understood that the above embodiments may be carried out separately or in any combinations. With the method 600, a handover command may be provided in advance with some condition, and latency of handover may be reduced.
[0230] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 of communication implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 700 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0231] At block 710, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, a measurement report comprising predicted information of a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point.
[0232] In some embodiments, the predicted information of the handover may comprise at least one of the following: confidence of prediction of the handover; an event for triggering the handover is to be fulfilled at a first time point; the target cell is predicted at the first time point; a radio link failure occurs at a second time point; time of stay in the target cell; information of a ping-pong issue of the handover; information of failure of the handover; information of success of the handover; a set of target cells of subsequent handover; or a set of candidates of the target cell.
[0233] At block 720, the network device 120 performs an operation for AI-based mobility management. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit the predicted information to a further network device (e.g., the network device 130) providing the target cell.
[0234] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a command for the handover comprising at least one of information of a time point of the handover or information of signal strength for the handover. In some embodiments, the information of the time point may comprise at least one of the following: a value of a timer, or a time offset to a predicted time point of the handover. In some embodiments, the information of signal strength may comprise at least one of the following: a first threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the target cell, or a second threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the source cell.
[0235] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may receive, from the terminal device 110, information of capability of the terminal device comprising information of model management. In some embodiments, the information of the model management may indicate at least one of the following: an identity of the model or a further model; a functionality of the model or the further model; a version of the model or the further model; a size of the model or the further model; number of parameters of the model or the further model; a first condition of applying the model or the further model; a second condition of applying the model or the further model; a requirement for model inference of the model or the further model; a requirement for model monitoring of the model or the further model; or a requirement for data collection of the model or the further model.
[0236] It is to be understood that the above embodiments may be carried out separately or in any combinations. With the method 700, a handover command may be provided in advance with some condition, and latency of handover may be reduced. AI related information may be exchanged between NG-RAN nodes for better network implementation.
[0237] It is also to be understood that operations of the methods 500 to 700 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 3 and 4, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0238] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0239] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
[0240] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 810 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 or a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / access and mobility management function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0241] The program 830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable the device 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 7. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 810 of the device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 810 and memory 820 may form processing means 850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0242] The memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 820 is shown in the device 800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 800. The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0243] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine that a condition for reporting data collected for model training of an AI model is fulfilled; and report the data to a network device for the model training.
[0244] In some embodiments, a network device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a terminal device, data collected for model training of an AI model, the data being reported by the terminal device upon a condition for reporting of the data is fulfilled; and perform the model training based on the data.
[0245] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0246] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0247] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 7. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0248] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0249] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0250] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0251] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:determine, based on a model, that a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point is predicted; andinitiate a measurement report comprising predicted information of the handover.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the predicted information of the handover comprises at least one of the following:confidence of prediction of the handover;an event for triggering the handover is to be fulfilled at a first time point;the target cell is predicted at the first time point;a radio link failure occurs at a second time point;time of stay in the target cell;information of a ping-pong issue of the handover;information of failure of the handover;information of success of the handover;a set of target cells of subsequent handover; ora set of candidates of the target cell.3.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to initiate the measurement report by:initiating the measurement report based on at least one of the following:confidence of prediction of the handover is greater than or equal to a confidence threshold; orpredicted time of stay in the target cell is greater than or equal to a time threshold.4.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to initiate the measurement report by:initiating the measurement report at a predetermined time point.5.The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the predetermined time point is earlier than the future time point by a first time offset.6.The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the terminal device is caused to initiate the measurement report by:in accordance with a determination that the handover is predicted, starting a timer; andin accordance with a determination that the timer expires, initiating the measurement report.7.The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a predicted time point of a radio link failure is earlier than a predicted time point of the handover, skip the predetermined time point to initiate the measurement report directly.8.The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the terminal device is caused to initiate the measurement report by:performing a real measurement on signal strength of the source cell at the predetermined time point; andin accordance with a determination that the signal strength of the source cell is lower than or equal to a strength threshold, initiating the measurement report.9.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that a command for the handover has not received at a time point earlier than a predicted time point of a radio link failure by a second time offset, initiate a master cell group (MCG) or a secondary cell group (SCG) failure information procedure.10.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine that a failure in prediction of the handover occurs; andperform model management on the model.11.The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine that the failure in the prediction occurs by at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that a radio link failure occurs after the measurement report is initiated, determining that the failure in the prediction occurs due to the radio link failure;in accordance with a determination that a further handover from the target cell to the source cell is performed in a first period of time after the measurement report is initiated and the handover to the target cell is performed, determining that the failure in the prediction occurs due to a ping-pong issue, the first period of time being lower than or equal to a first time threshold; orin accordance with a determination that a further handover from the target cell to a further cell is performed in a second period of time after the measurement report is initiated and the handover to the target cell is performed, determining that the failure in the prediction occurs due to a short time of stay, the second period of time being lower than or equal to a second time threshold.12.The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the terminal device is caused to perform the model management by at least one of the following:performing a model update for the model;performing a model fine-tuning for the model; orperforming a model switch from the model to a further model.13.The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the terminal device is further caused to at least one of the following:transmit, to a further network device providing the target cell, an indication that information of the failure in the prediction is available;receive, from the further network device, a request for the information of the failure in the prediction;transmit, to the further network device, the information of the failure in the prediction;in accordance with a determination that the model management is performed, transmit, to the network device, information of capability of the terminal device comprising information of the model management.14.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the information of the failure in the prediction indicates at least one of the following:the failure in the prediction is due to a radio link failure;the failure in the prediction is due to a ping-pong issue; orthe failure in the prediction is due to a short time of stay.15.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the information of the model management indicates at least one of the following:an identity of the model or a further model;a functionality of the model or the further model;a version of the model or the further model;a size of the model or the further model;number of parameters of the model or the further model;a first condition of applying the model or the further model;a second condition of applying the model or the further model;a requirement for model inference of the model or the further model;a requirement for model monitoring of the model or the further model; ora requirement for data collection of the model or the further model.16.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, a command for a handover from a source cell to a target cell, the command comprising at least one of the following:information of a time point of the handover, orinformation of signal strength for the handover; andperform the handover based on the command.17.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein the information of the time point comprises at least one of the following:a value of a timer; ora time offset to a predicted time point of the handover.18.The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the terminal device is caused to perform the handover by at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that the command is received, starting the timer;in accordance with a determination that the timer expires, performing the handover; orperforming the handover at the time point earlier than the predicted time point of the handover by the time offset.19.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein the information of signal strength comprises at least one of the following:a first threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the target cell; ora second threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the source cell.20.The terminal device of claim 19, wherein the terminal device is caused to perform the handover by at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that the command is received, performing a real measurement on signal strength of the target cell;in accordance with a determination that the measured signal strength of the target cell is greater than or equal to the first threshold, performing the handover;in accordance with a determination that the command is received, performing a real measurement on signal strength of the source cell; orin accordance with a determination that the measured signal strength of the source cell is lower than or equal to the second threshold, performing the handover.21.A network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:receive, from a terminal device, a measurement report comprising predicted information of a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point; andperform an operation comprising at least one of the following:transmitting the predicted information to a further network device providing the target cell, ortransmitting, to the terminal device, a command for the handover comprising at least one of information of a time point of the handover or information of signal strength for the handover.22.The network device of claim 21, wherein the predicted information of the handover comprises at least one of the following:confidence of prediction of the handover;an event for triggering the handover is to be fulfilled at a first time point;the target cell is predicted at the first time point;a radio link failure occurs at a second time point;time of stay in the target cell;information of a ping-pong issue of the handover;information of failure of the handover;information of success of the handover;a set of target cells of subsequent handover; ora set of candidates of the target cell.23.The network device of claim 21, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, information of capability of the terminal device comprising information of model management, the information of the model management indicating at least one of the following:an identity of the model or a further model;a functionality of the model or the further model;a version of the model or the further model;a size of the model or the further model;number of parameters of the model or the further model;a first condition of applying the model or the further model;a second condition of applying the model or the further model;a requirement for model inference of the model or the further model;a requirement for model monitoring of the model or the further model; ora requirement for data collection of the model or the further model.24.The network device of claim 21, wherein the information of the time point comprises at least one of the following: a value of a timer, or a time offset to a predicted time point of the handover; orwherein the information of signal strength comprises at least one of the following: a first threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the target cell, or a second threshold for comparison with measured signal strength of the source cell.25.A method of communication, comprising:determining, at a terminal device and based on a model, that a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point is predicted; andinitiating a measurement report comprising predicted information of the handover.26.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a command for a handover from a source cell to a target cell, the command comprising at least one of the following:information of a time point of the handover, orinformation of signal strength for the handover; andperforming the handover based on the command.27.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a network device and from a terminal device, a measurement report comprising predicted information of a handover from a source cell to a target cell at a future time point; andperforming an operation comprising at least one of the following:transmitting the predicted information to a further network device providing the target cell, ortransmitting, to the terminal device, a command for the handover comprising at least one of information of a time point of the handover or information of signal strength for the handover.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Communication method and device, terminal and network equipment
CN116017608A
Cell switching method, device and user equipment
CN116744375A
Information sending method and device, terminal, network side equipment and storage medium
CN116980990A
Cell switching method and device, equipment and storage medium
CN117158035A
Method and base station for cell handover
WO2022021078A1