Random access for non-terrestrial network
By determining RACH occasions and preamble sets based on occasion types, the UE improves random access efficiency and synchronization in non-terrestrial networks, addressing overlapping window issues and differential delays.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/122563
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently managing random access in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) due to issues such as overlapping preamble receiving windows and differential delays among user equipment, particularly in scenarios without global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coverage.
A user equipment (UE) determines a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with multiple occasion types and selects a preamble set based on the occasion type, allowing for improved flexibility and efficiency in random access procedures.
This approach enhances communication performance in NTN by resolving issues related to overlapping preamble windows and differential delays, ensuring effective uplink synchronization and transmission.
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Figure CN2024122563_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RANDOM ACCESS FOR NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to random access (RA) for a non-terrestrial network (NTN) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] With the developments of communication technology, more and more communication scenarios may relate to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . An NTN refers to a network or segments of a network using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite. The satellite in NTN may be a geostationary earth orbiting (GEO) satellite with a fixed location to the earth, or a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite orbiting around the earth. The third generation partnership project (3GPP) release 17 (Rel-17) specifications have provided basic support for NTN functions. However, enhancements on NTN communication, especially RA for an NTN, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that supports RA for an NTN. With the apparatuses and methods, it is allowed to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the RA in the NTN.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a user equipment (UE) . The UE comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: determine a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; determine a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; and transmit a preamble of the preamble set on the RO.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the UE. The method comprises: determining a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; determining a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; and transmitting a preamble of the preamble set on the RO.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; determine a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; and transmit a preamble of the preamble set on the RO.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the one or more occasion types may be associated with a UE capability. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the UE capability may be associated with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) .
[0009] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the set of ROs may be configured based on an RO period and an offset within the RO period for each of the one or more occasion types. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the one or more occasion types may comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type, the set of ROs may comprise at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type, and the first subset of ROs may be configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first RO period for the first occasion type and the second subset of ROs may be configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second RO period for the second occasion type.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the set of ROs may be configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first RO period for all of the one or more occasion types, the one or more occasion types may comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type, and the set of ROs may comprise at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type, and the second subset of ROs may be configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second RO period for the second occasion type and the first subset of ROs may be determined based on the set of ROs and the second subset of ROs.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the one or more occasion types may further comprise a third occasion type, the set of ROs may further comprise a third subset of ROs with the third occasion type, and the third subset of ROs may be determined based on the second subset of ROs and a margin offset. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the margin offset may be determined based on a configured threshold or a parameter related to a satellite altitude or a cell size.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the UE may be configured with a common timing advance (TA) value for a RACH.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the preamble set may be determined based on at least one of the occasion type of the RO and a UE capability of the UE. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the preamble set may be determined further based on a time-domain location of the RO within the set of ROs. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the preamble set may be determined based on a number of preambles for a synchronization signal block (SSB) index and a scaling factor. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the preamble set may comprise a plurality of preambles with consecutive indexes, and a number of the plurality of preambles and a starting preamble index of the preamble set may be determined based on at least one of the occasion type of the RO and a UE capability of the UE. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the RO may be associated with a plurality of SSB indexes comprising the SSB index, and the number of preambles for the SSB index may be determined based on a total number of preambles and a number of the plurality of SSB indexes. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the RO may be associated with a plurality of SSB indexes comprising the SSB index, and the starting preamble index of the preamble set may be determined based on a total number of preambles, a number of the plurality of SSB indexes, and a number of preambles for the SSB index. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the scaling factor may be configured by a higher layer parameter.
[0014] In some implementations, there is provided a base station (BS) . The BS comprises at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the BS to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; and receive, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs.
[0015] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the BS. The method comprises: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; and receiving, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs.
[0016] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; and receive, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the one or more occasion types may be associated with a UE capability. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the UE capability may be associated with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) .
[0018] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the set of ROs may be configured based on an RO period and an offset within the RO period for each of the one or more occasion types. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the one or more occasion types may comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type, the set of ROs may comprises at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type, and the first subset of ROs may be configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first RO period for the first occasion type and the second subset of ROs may be configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second RO period for the second occasion type.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the set of ROs may be configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first RO period for all of the one or more occasion types, the one or more occasion types may comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type, and the set of ROs may comprises at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type, and the second subset of ROs may be configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second RO period for the second occasion type and the first subset of ROs may be determined based on the set of ROs and the second subset of ROs.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the one or more occasion types may further comprise a third occasion type, the set of ROs may further comprise a third subset of ROs with the third occasion type, and the third subset of ROs may be determined based on the second subset of ROs and a margin offset. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the margin offset may be determined based on a configured threshold or a parameter related to a satellite altitude or a cell size.
[0021] Some implementations of the method and the BS described herein may further include transmitting, to the UE, a configuration of a common timing advance (TA) value for a RACH.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, a preamble set associated with the RO and comprising the preamble may be determined based on at least one of the occasion type of the RO and a UE capability of the UE. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the preamble set may be determined further based on a time-domain location of the RO within the set of ROs. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the preamble set may be determined based on a number of preambles for a synchronization signal block (SSB) index and a scaling factor. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the preamble set may comprises a plurality of preambles with consecutive indexes, and a number of the plurality of preambles and a starting preamble index of the preamble set may be determined based on at least one of the occasion type of the RO and a UE capability of the UE. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the RO may be associated with a plurality of SSB indexes comprising the SSB index, and the number of preambles for the SSB index may be determined based on a total number of preambles and a number of the plurality of SSB indexes. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the RO may be associated with a plurality of SSB indexes comprising the SSB index, and the starting preamble index of the preamble set may be determined based on a total number of preambles, a number of the plurality of SSB indexes, and a number of preambles for the SSB index. In some implementations of the method and the BS described herein, the scaling factor may be configured by a higher layer parameter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication in NTN associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 1C illustrates an example preamble receiving window associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 1D illustrates example preamble receiving window overlapping associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate example RO configurations in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIGS. 3D to 3G illustrate example preamble configurations in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 3H illustrates a further example RO configuration in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 3I illustrates a further example preamble configuration in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0034] FIGS. 6 through 7 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0037] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0038] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0039] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0040] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0041] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0042] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with the same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0043] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0044] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0045] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0046] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0047] In NTN scenarios, a network entity 102 may be implemented as a satellite. The network entity 102 may have full or part of an eNB / gNB on board. A network entity 102 in form of a satellite can directly communicate to UE 104 using NR / LTE Uu interface. The satellite may be a transparent satellite or a regenerative satellite. For NTN with a transparent satellite, a base station on earth may communicate with a UE via the satellite. For example, a communication link 110 between the satellite and the UE 104, a communication link 110 between the satellite and a base station on earth, and a communication link 116 between the base station on earth and core network 106 may be used for the NTN transparent mode. For NTN with a regenerative satellite, the base station may be on board and directly communicate with the UE. For example, a communication link 110 between the satellite and the UE 104, and a communication link 116 between the satellite (with full or part of an eNB / gNB on board) and core network 106 may be used for the NTN regenerative mode.
[0048] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0049] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0050] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0051] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink (SL) . For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0052] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0053] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0054] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0055] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0056] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0057] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1 c, F1 u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links .
[0058] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0059] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0060] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0061] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0062] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0063] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0064] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0065] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0066] RA is a basic procedure in 5G NR technologies, enabling a UE to establish uplink synchronization and initiate uplink transmission. Before sending a random access request, the UE shall receive a set of information transmitted by a BS through a system information block type 2 (SIB2) message. With this information, the UE may transmit a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble using a resource indicated by the BS in the SIB2 message. The transmission of the PRACH preamble is associated with a random access cell radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) .
[0067] When a UE enters a new cell, it has no prior knowledge of the BS. After identifying the optimal synchronization signal block (SSB) through downlink synchronization, the UE transmits the PRACH preamble containing its information, based on the identified optimal SSB.
[0068] A random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) refers to an area specified in the time and frequency domain that is available for the reception of the RACH preamble. In LTE, there is only one RO specified by the radio resource control (RRC) message (i. . e, SIB2) for all the possible RACH preambles, but in NR the story gets more complicated. In NR, an SSB may be associated with different beams, and the UE may select a certain beam and send the PRACH preamble using the selected beam. In order for the BS to figure out which beam the UE has selected, 3GPP defines a specific mapping between an SSB and a RO. By detecting which RO the UE sends the PRACH preamble on, the BS may figure out which SSB beam the UE has selected. The mapping between the SSB and the RO is defined by the following two RRC parameters: msg1-FDM, and ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB, where msg-FDM specifies how many ROs are allocated in the frequency domain (in the same time domain) , and ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB specifies how many SSBs can be mapped to one RO and how many preamble indexes for contention based PRACH can be mapped to each SSB for one RO.
[0069] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication in NTN associated with aspects of the present disclosure. In NTN, differential delay may be experienced by two types of UEs, without a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) within the same cell. As a result, the preambles sent by different UEs in the same RO may reach the network device at different times. To make sure the network device can receive preambles from all the UEs, the preamble receiving window should start from [RO timing + minimum one way delay *2] and end with [RO timing +maximum one way delay *2] , as shown in FIG. 1C.
[0070] When a preamble is received, the network device needs to determine which RO the preamble is related to in order to estimate the accurate timing advance (TA) . However, if the RO periodicity is not long enough, there is an open issue that the preamble receiving windows for two consecutive ROs may be overlapped with each other, as shown in FIG. 1D, making it difficult for the network device to link the received preamble to the corresponding RO. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient solution for the issue caused by the preamble receiving window overlapping.
[0071] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution to resolve the above issue occurred in an NTN, and in other communication systems. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a UE determines an RO from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types. Moreover, the UE determines a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO, and then transmits a preamble of the preamble set on the RO.
[0072] By determining the preamble set based on the occasion type of the RO, this solution can improve the flexibility and efficiency of the RA for an NTN, especially, in terms of the preamble determination in the RA. In this way, it is possible to improve the communication performance in the NTN.
[0073] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which illustrates an example process flow 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1, and the process 200 may involve a UE 104 and a network entity 102 as shown in FIG. 1. The network entity 102 may be implemented as a satellite. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0074] As shown in FIG. 2, the UE 104 determines (205) an RO from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types (also referred to as one or more RO types) . The UE 104 may determine an SSB through downlink synchronization, and then determine the RO based on the determined SSB. As an example, the UE 104 may be configured with multiple ROs with one or more occasion types. As an example implementation, each RO may be associated with one or more SSB indexes (also referred to as SSB beam indexes) . As another example implementation, one SSB index may be associated with one or more ROs.
[0075] In some embodiments, the one or more occasion types may be associated with a UE capability, such as UE positioning capability. As an example, the one or more occasion types may be associated with whether a UE (such as the UE 104) is equipped with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) . As an example implementation, the one or more occasion types may comprise a first occasion type, and an RO with the first occasion type may refer to an RO used for a UE with a GNSS or a UE with accurate TA information, or an RO used for only one particular type of UE (s) (e.g., a UE with a GNSS) , or an RO using limited preamble (s) or a subset of configured preambles, or an RO with a specific set of invalid preambles . As another implementation, the one or more occasion types may comprise a second occasion type, and an RO with the second occasion type may refer to an RO used for both a UE with a GNSS and a UE without a GNSS, or an RO used for more than one type of UE (s) , or an RO using all configured preamble (s) . Alternatively or additionally, the one or more occasion types may comprise a third occasion type, and an RO with the third occasion type may refer to an RO with some particular preamble (s) invalid (which are different from the preambles corresponding to the first occasion type, or used for different types of UEs, as an example) . It is to be understood that the first occasion type, the second occasion type, and the third occasion type are only given as example occasion types, the one or more occasion types may be classified in any other suitable way and thus may comprise any one or more other kinds of types, and the scope of the present disclosure will not be limited in this regards.
[0076] As shown in FIG. 2, before determining the RO at the UE 104, the network entity 102 may transmit (208) , to the UE 104, a configuration of the set of ROs with one or more occasion types. In some embodiments, the set of ROs may be configured periodically, and each period (also referred to as RO period) may include one or more ROs with one or more occasion types. For example, the set of ROs may be configured with a period of 10ms, and each period may further include 5 ROs (e.g., in subframes 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8) which is indicated by the bitmap manner, where some of the 5 ROs may be associated with first occasion type, and the others may be associated with second occasion type.
[0077] In some implementations, the set of ROs may be configured based on an RO period and an offset within the RO period for each of the one or more occasion types. In other words, in this case, the UE 104 may be configured with multiple ROs with an RO period and an offset within the RO period for each occasion type.
[0078] In the example implementations where the one or more RO types comprise the first occasion type and the second occasion type, the set of ROs may comprise at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type. In this case, the first subset of ROs may be configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first period for the first occasion type, and the second subset of ROs may be configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second period for the second occasion type. Reference is made to FIGS. 3A and 3B to discuss example RO configurations.
[0079] As shown in FIG. 3A, the UE 104 may be configured with: nsfn mod x =y, where x=1 (e.g., 10ms) , y=0, subframe indexes 0, 4, 6, and 8 within the 1 period (e.g., 10ms) for the first occasion type; and nsfn mod x =y, where x=1, y=0, subframe index 2 within the 1 period (e.g., 10ms) for the second occasion type. Thus, for each RO period, the subframe indexes 0, 4, 6, and 8 may be associated with the first occasion type, and the subframe index 2 may be associated with the second occasion type.
[0080] As shown in FIG. 3B, the UE 104 may be configured with: nsfn mod x =y, where x=1 (e.g., 10ms) , y=0, subframe indexes 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 for the first occasion type; and nsfn mod x =y, where x=2 (e.g., 20ms) , y=0, subframe index 2 for the second occasion type. In this case, the ROs for different occasion types overlap in the time domain. As an example, an overlapped RO may be assumed to be associated with the first occasion type or second occasion type, for example, as predefined in the specification. As another example, an overlapped RO may be assumed to be associated with a specific occasion type configured by the network entity 102. As shown in FIG. 3B, the overlapped ROs are associated with the second occasion type. Thus, for the first RO period, the subframe indexes 0, 4, 6, and 8 may be associated with the first occasion type, and the subframe index 2 may be associated with the second occasion type, and for the second RO period, the subframe indexes 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 may be associated with the first occasion type.
[0081] In some implementations, the set of ROs may be configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first RO period for all of the one or more occasion types. In this case, in the example implementations where the one or more occasion types comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type (that is, the set of ROs comprises at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type) , the second subset of ROs may be configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second period for the second occasion type, and the first subset of ROs may then be determined based on the set of ROs and the second subset of ROs. In other words, in the example implementations where the one or more occasion types comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type, the UE 104 may be configured with multiple ROs with an RO period and an offset within the RO period for all occasion types, and one or more ROs within one or more RO periods may be further configured to be associated with the second occasion type, and the remaining one or more ROs within the one or more RO periods may be determined to be associated with the first occasion type.
[0082] Reference is made to FIG. 3C to discuss an example RO configuration. As shown in FIG. 3C, the UE 104 may be configured with: nsfn mod x =y, x=1, y=0, subframe indexes 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 for all occasion types; and the UE 104 may be further configured with: nsfn mod x =y, x=1, y=0, subframe index 2 for the second occasion type. In this case, the remaining ROs may be determined to be associated with the first occasion type. Thus, as shown in 3C, for the first RO period, the subframe indexes 0, 4, 6, and 8 may be associated with the first occasion type, and the subframe index 2 may be associated with the second occasion type, and for the second RO period, the subframe indexes 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 may be associated with the first occasion type.
[0083] After determining the RO from the set of ROs as described above, the UE 104 determines (210) a preamble set based on an occasion type of the determined RO, and then transmits (215) , to the network entity 102, a preamble of the preamble set on the determined RO.
[0084] In some embodiments, the preamble set may be determined based on the occasion type of the determined RO or a UE capability of the UE 104 (i.e., a positioning-related capability, for example, whether the UE 104 has a GNSS) , or a combination thereof. As an implementation, the preamble set may be determined based on the number of preambles for an SSB index (i.e., the total number of available preambles for contention for the SSB index, also denoted as, Ntotal) and a scaling factor (also denoted as α) . The number of preambles for an SSB index and / or the scaling factor may be configured by a higher layer parameter.
[0085] In the example implementations where the one or more occasions comprise the first occasion type and the second occasion type, for both the first occasion type and the second occasion type, for the UE 104 with GNSS, the preamble set may comprise preambles 0 ~ floor (α Ntotal) -1 (in other words, preambles with a preamble index range of 0 ~ floor (α Ntotal) -1, similarly hereinafter) ; and for the second occasion type, for the UE 104 without a GNSS, the preamble set may comprise preambles floor (α Ntotal) ~ Ntotal-1. In this case, RO (s) may be assumed to be invalid for the first occasion type for preambles floor (α Ntotal) ~ Ntotal-1. Reference is made to FIG. 3D to show an example preamble configuration. As shown in FIG. 3D, Ntotal = 64, and α = 2 / 3, and thus for the first occasion type, preambles 0-42 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS and preambles 43-63 may be assumed to be invalid for all types of UEs; and for the second occasion type, preambles 0-42 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS and preambles 43-63 may be assumed to be invalid for the UE 104 without a GNSS, or preambles 43-63 may be used for the UE 104 without a GNSS and preambles 0-42 may be assumed to be invalid for the UE 104 with a GNSS. In this way, it is allowed to guarantee an RO resource in each RO for the UE 104 with a GNSS, and further avoid the RO overlapping with a larger RO period (for a restricted preamble) and support preamble division for a UE without a GNSS.
[0086] In other words, the preamble set may comprise a plurality of preambles (for example, M preambles) with consecutive indexes, and the number of the plurality of preambles and the starting preamble index (for example, denoted as X) of the preamble set may be determined based on the occasion type of the RO or the UE capability of the UE 104, or a combination thereof.
[0087] In the example implementations where one SSB index is associated with one or more ROs, M preambles with consecutive indexes starting from preamble index X may be configured to associate with each SSB index, and in this case, M and X may be determined based on the occasion type and the UE capability. Taking the second occasion type as an example to discuss the preamble set determination, for the second occasion type, for the UE 104 with a GNSS, M=floor (α Ntotal) -1, X=0; and for the second occasion type, for the UE 104 without a GNSS, M= Ntotal -floor (α Ntotal ) , X=floor (α Ntotal) , where Ntotal represents the number of preambles for an SSB index and α represents the scaling factor. Reference is made to FIG. 3E to discuss an example preamble configuration. As shown in FIG. 3E, Ntotal = 52, and α = 2 / 3, and thus, for each RO, for each SSB index, for the second occasion type, preambles 0-33 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS, or preambles 34-51 may be used for the UE 104 without a GNSS.
[0088] In the example implementations where each RO is associated with one or more SSB indexes, M preambles with consecutive indexes starting from preamble index X may be configured to associate with an SSB index, and in this case, M and X may be determined based on the occasion type and the UE capability. As an implementation, if the RO is associated with a plurality of SSB indexes (for example, N1 SSB indexes) , the number (i.e., M) of preambles for the SSB index may be determined based on the total number of preambles (i.e., the total number of available preambles for a RACH (including contention based and contention free) , a default value may be 64) and the number of the plurality of SSB indexes. As an implementation, if the RO is associated with a plurality of SSB indexes, and the starting preamble index (i.e., X) of the preamble set may be determined based on at least one of the total number of preambles, the number of the plurality of SSB indexes, and the number of preambles for the SSB index. Taking the second occasion type as an example to discuss the preamble set determination, M preambles with consecutive indexes starting from preamble index X may be configured to associate with an SSB index n, 0<=n<=N1-1 (where N1 is the total number of SSB indexes (i.e., SSB beams) for each RO) , and for the second occasion type, for the UE 104 with a GNSS, M=floor (α Ntotal) -1, X=n*Npreamble / N1; and for the second occasion type, for the UE 104 without a GNSS, M= Ntotal -floor (α Ntotal) , X= n*Npreamble / N1 + floor (αNtotal) , where Npreamble represents the total number of preambles, Ntotal represents the number of preambles for an SSB index, and α represents the scaling factor. Reference is made to FIG. 3F to show an example preamble configuration. As shown in FIG. 3F, Ntotal = 13, and α = 2 / 3, and thus, for the second occasion type, for SSB 0, preambles 0-7 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS, or preambles 8-12 may be used for the UE 104 without a GNSS; for SSB 1, preambles 16-23 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS, or preambles 24-28 may be used for the UE 104 without a GNSS; for SSB 2, preambles 32-39 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS, or preambles 40-44 may be used for the UE 104 without a GNSS; for SSB 3, preambles 48-55 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS, or preambles 56-60 may be used for the UE 104 without a GNSS; .
[0089] In some embodiments, the preamble set may be determined based on at lest one of the occasion type of the determined RO, the UE capability of the UE 104, and a time-domain location of the determined RO within the set of ROs. In this case, in addition to the occasion type of the determined RO or the UE capability of the UE 104, the preamble set may be determined further based on the RO index or the subframe / slot number index (e.g. the time domain position of the RO) . Taking the second occasion type as an example to discuss the preamble set determination, considering different the time-domain locations of the ROs with the second occasion type, different preamble sets may be used. As an example implementation, for the UE 104 without a GNSS, for the RO with the second occasion type and with an even RO index in the second subset of ROs, the preamble set may comprise preambles floor (α Ntotal) ~ floor (α Ntotal) + ceil ( (1-α) / 2*Ntotal ) -1; and for the UE 104 without a GNSS, and for the RO with the second occasion type and with an odd RO index in the second subset of ROs, the preamble set may comprise preambles floor (α Ntotal) + ceil ( (1-α) / 2*Ntotal ) ~ Ntotal -1, where αrepresents a scaling factor, and Ntotal represents the number of preambles for an SSB index. Reference is made to FIG. 3G to discuss an example preamble configuration. As shown in FIG. 3G, for the UE 104 with a GNSS, the preamble set A is used, for the UE 104 without a GNSS and for an even RO index, the preamble set B-1 is used, and for the UE 104 without a GNSS and for an odd RO index, the preamble set B-2 is used.
[0090] In order to effectively use the preambles dedicated to the second occasion type, especially considering the case where the number of UEs without a GNSS is small, the network entity 102 may configure a margin time duration (also referred to as a margin offset) to avoid the potential RO overlapping issue in case the RO period for the second occasion type is large. In this case, in addition to the first occasion type and the second occasion type, the one or more occasion types may further comprise the third occasion type, and thus the set of ROs may further comprise a third subset of ROs with the third occasion type.
[0091] In some implementations, the third subset of ROs may be determined based on the second subset of ROs and a margin offset. In this case, the UE 104 may further determine one or more ROs within one or more RO periods to be associated with the third occasion type rather than the first occasion type, based on the RO (s) with the second occasion type and the margin offset. For example, the margin offset may be determined based on a configured threshold or a parameter related to a satellite altitude or a cell size. FIG. 3H illustrates an example RO configuration, where considering the subframe index 2 for the second occasion type, and the margin offset of 2ms, the subframes with indexes 0 and 2 may be determined to be associated with the third occasion type. The UE 104 may be further configured with a common TA value for the UE RACH, and in this case, the margin offset may be reduced. As an example implementation, the margin offset (s) may be determined as follows:
[0092] - for satellite altitude (~30000km GEO) and / or cell size (~1000Km) , margin offset (s) = 7ms
[0093] - for satellite altitude (~30000km GEO) and / or cell size (~500Km) , margin offset (s) = 4ms
[0094] - for satellite altitude (~600km LEO) and / or cell size (~200Km) , margin offset (s) = 2ms
[0095] - for satellite altitude (~600km LEO) and / or cell size (~100Km) , margin offset (s) = 1ms
[0096] In the example implementations where the third occasion type is considered, the preamble set may be determined based on the occasion type of the determined RO or a UE capability of the UE 104, or a combination thereof. For example, the preamble set may be determined based on the number (i.e., Ntotal) of preambles for an SSB index and a scaling factor (i.e., α) . The number (i.e., Ntotal) of preambles for an SSB index and / or the scaling factor may be configured by a higher layer parameter. As an implementation, for the first occasion type and for the UE 104 with a GNSS, the preamble set may comprise preambles 0~Ntotal-1; for the second occasion type and for the UE 104 with a GNSS, the preamble set may comprise preambles 0 ~ floor (α Ntotal) -1; for the second occasion type and for the UE 104 without a GNSS, the preamble set may comprise preambles floor (α Ntotal) ~ Ntotal-1; and for the third occasion type and for the UE 104 with a GNSS, the preamble set may comprise preambles 0 ~ floor (α Ntotal) -1. In this case, the third occasion type may be assumed to be invalid RO for the preambles floor (α Ntotal) ~Ntotal-1. Reference is made to FIG. 3I to show an example preamble configuration. As shown in FIG. 3F, for the first occasion type, preambles 0-63 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS; for the second occasion type, Ntotal = 13, and α = 2 / 3, and thus preambles 0-42 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS, or preambles 43-63 may be used for the UE 104 without a GNSS; and for the third occasion type, preambles 0-42 may be used for the UE 104 with a GNSS.
[0097] It is to be understood that the above expression “without a GNSS” may refer to a case where a UE is not equipped with a GNSS, or a case where a UE is equipped with a GNSS but the obtained positioning information is not reliable or inaccurate.
[0098] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2 to 3I, it is allowed to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the RA for an NTN, especially, in terms of the preamble determination in the RA. Thus, it is possible to improve the communication performance in the NTN.
[0099] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a UE 104 or a network entity 102 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the communication system. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0100] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0101] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0102] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; a means for determining a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; and a means for transmitting a preamble of the preamble set on the RO. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; a means for receiving, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs.
[0103] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0104] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0105] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 402. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0106] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0107] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0108] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0109] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0110] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0111] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0112] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0113] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0114] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0115] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0116] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; a means for determining a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; and a means for transmitting a preamble of the preamble set on the RO. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; a means for receiving, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs.
[0117] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0118] At 610, the method may include determining a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a UE 104 as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0119] At 620, the method may include determining a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a UE 104 as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0120] At 630, the method may include transmitting a preamble of the preamble set on the RO. The operations of 630 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 630 may be performed by a UE 104 as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0121] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports RA for an NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0122] At 710, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a etwork entity 102 as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0123] At 720, the method may include receiving, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a etwork entity 102 as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0124] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0125] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0126] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0127] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0128] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0129] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:determine a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types;determine a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; andtransmit a preamble of the preamble set on the RO.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more occasion types are associated with a UE capability.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the UE capability is associated with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) .4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the set of ROs is configured based on an RO period and an offset within the RO period for each of the one or more occasion types.5.The UE of claim 4, wherein the one or more occasion types comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type, the set of ROs comprises at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type, and wherein the first subset of ROs is configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first RO period for the first occasion type and the second subset of ROs is configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second RO period for the second occasion type.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the set of ROs is configured based on a first RO period and a first offset within the first RO period for all of the one or more occasion types, the one or more occasion types comprise at least a first occasion type and a second occasion type, and the set of ROs comprises at least a first subset of ROs with the first occasion type and a second subset of ROs with the second occasion type, and wherein the second subset of ROs is configured based on a second RO period and a second offset within the second RO period for the second occasion type and the first subset of ROs is determined based on the set of ROs and the second subset of ROs.7.The UE of claim 5 or 6, wherein the one or more occasion types further comprise a third occasion type, the set of ROs further comprises a third subset of ROs with the third occasion type, and the third subset of ROs is determined based on the second subset of ROs and a margin offset.8.The UE of claim 7, wherein the margin offset is determined based on a configured threshold or a parameter related to a satellite altitude or a cell size.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is configured with a common timing advance (TA) value for a RACH.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein the preamble set is determined based on at least one of the occasion type of the RO and a UE capability of the UE.11.The UE of claim 10, wherein the preamble set is determined further based on a time-domain location of the RO within the set of ROs.12.The UE of claim 10, wherein the preamble set is determined based on a number of preambles for a synchronization signal block (SSB) index and a scaling factor.13.The UE of claim 12, wherein the preamble set comprises a plurality of preambles with consecutive indexes, and a number of the plurality of preambles and a starting preamble index of the preamble set are determined based on at least one of the occasion type of the RO and a UE capability of the UE.14.The UE of claim 12, wherein the RO is associated with a plurality of SSB indexes comprising the SSB index, and the number of preambles for the SSB index is determined based on a total number of preambles and a number of the plurality of SSB indexes.15.The UE of claim 13, wherein the RO is associated with a plurality of SSB indexes comprising the SSB index, and the starting preamble index of the preamble set is determined based on a total number of preambles, a number of the plurality of SSB indexes, and a number of preambles for the SSB index.16.The UE of claim 12, wherein the scaling factor is configured by a higher layer parameter.17.A base station (BS) comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the BS to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; andreceive, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs.18.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:determine a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types;determine a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; andtransmit a preamble of the preamble set on the RO.19.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:determining a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) from a set of ROs with one or more occasion types;determining a preamble set based on an occasion type of the RO; andtransmitting a preamble of the preamble set on the RO.20.A method performed by a base station (BS) , the method comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration of a set of ROs with one or more occasion types; andreceiving, from the UE, a preamble on an RO of the set of ROs.
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