Sensing relay
By implementing methods for sensing relay node discovery and management, the inefficiencies in integrated sensing and communication systems are addressed, optimizing sensing performance and resource utilization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/122798
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack effective enhancements for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) using sensing relay nodes, particularly in scenarios where line-of-sight paths are obstructed, leading to inefficiencies in sensing operations.
The implementation of methods and apparatuses that facilitate the transmission and reception of information related to sensing relay services, including relay node discovery, configuration, and deactivation based on measurement results and mobility criteria, to enhance sensing performance.
Improves the efficiency and resource management of sensing operations by identifying suitable relay nodes and deactivating unsatisfactory ones, thereby optimizing resource utilization and enhancing sensing capabilities.
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Figure CN2024122798_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SENSING RELAYTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to devices, processors for wireless communication and methods for sensing relay.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] A use case ‘sensing with sensing relay’ for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is proposed. Sensing relay node refers to a network entity acting as a relay node between sensing entities, providing a sensing RF link between sensing entities, where the sensing RF signal is transmitted via the sensing relay node over a line of sight (LOS) path. Enhancements for ISAC, especially, enhancements on sensing with sensing relay, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support sensing relay. With the apparatuses and methods, the procedures and signalings of sensing with sensing relay are designed and the performance for the sensing service may be improved.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a first device transmits, to a second device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; and receives, from the second device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service. In this way, the procedures and signalings of sensing with sensing relay are designed.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that the sensing relay is needed for the sensing service based on one of the following: a sensing result; or receiving an indication of absence of at least a portion of measurement results of the sensing service from the sensing Rx node.
[0007] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a sensing node, a confirmation request associated with the sensing relay or a mono-static sensing request; receiving, from the sensing node, a confirmation indication associated with the sensing relay or a mono-static sensing result of the sensing node indicating existence of a surrounding obstacle; and determining that the sensing relay is needed between the sensing node and a sensing target.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing node is a sensing transmitting (Tx) node or a sensing receiving (Rx) node.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing Rx node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Tx node and a sensing target based on measurement results of the sensing service and a mono-static sensing result of the first device.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing Rx node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that the sensing relay is needed between the first device and a sensing target based on measurement results of the sensing service and a mono-static sensing result of the first device; and determining the second device as a candidate sensing relay node based on the response associated with the sensing relay.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server, and the second device is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node. The first information may include a request for relay node discovery, and the response associated with the sensing relay may include second information of at least one node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining one or more nodes among the at least one node as candidate sensing relay nodes.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information of a node among the at least one node may include at least one of the following: an identification of the node; an indication of a location of the node; mobility information of the node; a measured reference signal receiving power (RSRP) between the node and the second device; or a sensing relay capability of the node.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing Rx node, and the second device is a sensing Tx node and a serving base station for at least one candidate sensing relay node. The first information may include a request for relay node discovery. The response associated with the sensing relay may include: at least one first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing reference signal (RS) transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target, and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing Rx node, and the second device is a sensing Tx node and a serving base station for at least one candidate sensing relay node. The first information may include a request for relay node discovery. The response associated with the sensing relay may include: a first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target, and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and at least one sequence number of the at least one first sensing RS transmission.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node. The first information may include a request for relay node discovery, and the response associated with the sensing relay may include second information of the second device. The request for relay node discovery transmitted from the first device to the second device is comprised in a paging message or system information. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining the second device as a candidate sensing relay node based on the response associated with the sensing relay.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information of the second device may include at least one of the following: an identification of the second device; an indication of a location of the second device; mobility information of the second device; a measured RSRP between the second device and the first device; or a sensing relay capability of the second device.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may include a request for relay node discovery. The request for relay node discovery may include at least one of the following: a first RSRP threshold between a candidate sensing relay node and a sensing node; an indication of a first location requirement for a candidate sensing relay node; an indication of a first mobility requirement for a candidate sensing relay node; or an indication of a capability requirement for a candidate sensing relay node.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server, the first information is transmitted to a plurality of nodes comprising the second device. The first information may include at least one first condition for a node comprised in the plurality of nodes to report availability as a candidate sensing relay node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining the second device as the candidate sensing relay node based on the response associated with the sensing relay.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first condition may include at least one of the following: the node has a line of sight (LOS) link with a sensing node; a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is higher than a first RSRP threshold for the sensing relay; a location of the node meets a first location requirement for the sensing relay; or a mobility of the node meets a first mobility requirement for the sensing relay.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the response associated with the sensing relay may include at least one of the following: an indication of availability of the second device as the candidate sensing relay node; an identification of the second device; an indication of a location of the second device; mobility information of the second device; a measured RSRP between the second device and a sensing node; or a sensing relay capability of the second device.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a sensing node, an identification of a candidate sensing relay node; and transmitting, to the sensing node or the candidate sensing relay node, assistance data associated with a location of a sensing target.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a sensing Rx node, a measurement result of the sensing service associated with a candidate sensing relay node; and transmitting, to the candidate sensing relay node, a de-activation indication based on the measurement result, wherein a sensing result based on the measurement result is unsatisfactory.
[0023] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a sensing Rx node, an indication of an association between the measurement result and the candidate sensing relay node.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to at least one candidate sensing relay node, at least one second condition for a node to report unavailability for the sensing relay; receiving, from a candidate sensing relay node among the least one candidate sensing relay node, an indication of unavailability of the candidate sensing relay node for the sensing relay; and transmitting, to the candidate sensing relay node, a de-activation indication.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one second condition may include at least one of the following: the node does not have a line of sight (LOS) link with a sensing node; a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is lower than a second RSRP threshold for the sensing relay; a location of the node does not meet a second location requirement for the sensing relay; or a mobility of the node does not meet a second mobility requirement for the sensing relay.
[0026] In a second aspect of the solution, a second device receives, from a first device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; and transmits, to the first device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service. In this way, the procedures and signalings of sensing with sensing relay are designed.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server, the second device is a sensing transmitting (Tx) node or a sensing receiving (Rx) node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first device, a confirmation request associated with the sensing relay or a mono-static sensing request; determining existence or non-existence of a surrounding obstacle by performing a mono-static sensing measurement; and transmitting, to the first device, a mono-static sensing result indicating existence or non-existence of the surrounding obstacle or a denying indication or a refutation indication associated with the sensing relay.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may include a request for relay node discovery. The request for relay node discovery may include at least one of the following: a first reference signal receiving power (RSRP) threshold between a candidate sensing relay node and a sensing node; an indication of a first location requirement for a candidate sensing relay node; an indication of a first mobility requirement for a candidate sensing relay node; or an indication of a capability requirement for a candidate sensing relay node.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may include a request for relay node discovery. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a plurality of nodes, the request for relay node discovery in a paging message or system information; and receiving, from at least node comprised in the plurality of nodes, second information of the at least one node.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information of a node among the at least one node may include at least one of the following: an identification of the node; an indication of a location of the node; mobility information of the node; a measured RSRP between the node and the second device; or a sensing relay capability of the node.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server, and the second device is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node. The response associated with the sensing relay may include the second information of the at least one node.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing Rx node, and the second device is a sensing Tx node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining the at least one node as at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the response associated with the sensing relay may include: at least one first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target, and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration.
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the response associated with the sensing relay may include: a first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target, and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and at least one sequence number of the at least one first sensing RS transmission.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node, and the second device is a candidate sensing relay node. The first information may include a request for relay node discovery, and the response associated with the sensing relay may include second information of the second device. The request for relay node discovery transmitted from the first device to the second device may be included in a paging message or system information. The second information of the second device may include at least one of the following: an identification of the second device; an indication of a location of the second device; mobility information of the second device; a measured RSRP between the second device and the first device; or a sensing relay capability of the second device.
[0036] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device is a first sensing node and is a serving base station for a candidate sensing relay node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the candidate sensing relay node, a first time / frequency resource configuration associated with a first sensing reference signal (RS) transmission between the candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target.
[0037] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the candidate sensing relay node, second beam information and a second time / frequency resource configuration associated with a second sensing RS transmission between the second device and the candidate sensing relay node.
[0038] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first device, assistance data associated with a location of the sensing target; and transmitting, to the candidate sensing relay node, first beam information associated with the first sensing RS transmission, wherein the first beam information is determined based on the assistance data.
[0039] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a second sensing node, an indication of available resources of the second sensing node; determining the first time / frequency resource configuration based on the available resources; and transmitting, to the second sensing node, the first time / frequency resource configuration.
[0040] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device is a sensing Tx node, the first time / frequency resource configuration is associated with the candidate sensing relay node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a sensing Rx node, a mapping relationship between the first time / frequency resource configuration and the candidate sensing relay node.
[0041] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device is a sensing Tx node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a sensing Rx node, a mapping relationship between a sequence number of the first sensing RS transmission and the candidate sensing relay node.
[0042] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information may include at least one first condition for a node to report availability as a candidate sensing relay node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining that one or more of the at least one first condition is fulfilled. The response associated with the sensing relay may include an indication of availability of the second device as the candidate sensing relay node.
[0043] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one first condition may include at least one of the following: the node has a line of sight (LOS) link with a sensing node; a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is higher than a first RSRP threshold for the sensing relay; a location of the node meets a first location requirement for the sensing relay; or a mobility of the node meets a first mobility requirement for the sensing relay.
[0044] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the response associated with the sensing relay may include at least one of the following: an identification of the second device; an indication of a location of the second device; mobility information of the second device; a measured RSRP between the second device and a sensing node; or a sensing relay capability of the second device.
[0045] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device is a candidate sensing relay node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first device, at least one second condition for a node to report unavailability for the sensing relay; determining that one or more of the at least one second condition is fulfilled; transmitting, to the first device, an indication of unavailability of the second device for the sensing relay; and receiving, from the first device, a de-activation indication.
[0046] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one second condition may include at least one of the following: the node does not have a line of sight (LOS) link with a sensing node; a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is lower than a second RSRP threshold for the sensing relay; a location of the node does not meet a second location requirement for the sensing relay; or a mobility of the node does not meet a second mobility requirement for the sensing relay.
[0047] In a third aspect of the solution, a second device performs, with at least one candidate sensing relay node, a sensing measurement in a sensing service based on configurations of the at least one candidate sensing relay node; and transmits, to a first device, measurement results of the sensing service associated with the at least one candidate sensing relay node. In this way, the first device may distinguish measurement results from different candidate sensing relay node, enabling de-activation of unsatisfactory candidate sensing relay node, thus reducing the resource overhead.
[0048] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first device, an indication of an association between the measurement results and the at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0049] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configurations comprise: at least one first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target; and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration.
[0050] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device is a first sensing node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration from a second sensing node, wherein the second sensing node is a serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0051] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configurations comprise: a first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target; and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and at least one sequence number of the at least one first sensing RS transmission.
[0052] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device is a first sensing node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receive the mapping relationship and the first time / frequency resource configuration from a second sensing node, wherein the second sensing node is a serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0053] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second device is a serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining the mapping relationship for the at least one first sensing RS transmission and the at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0054] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first device is a sensing server, and the second device is a sensing receiving (Rx) node.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0055] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIGS. 1B and 1C illustrate example scenarios of sensing with sensing relay.
[0057] FIG. 1D illustrates a conceptual model of a network-controlled repeater node.
[0058] FIG. 2A illustrates an example process that supports configuration of sensing relay in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 2B illustrates an example process that supports sensing with sensing relay in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0060] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example processes of selecting sensing relay nodes by the sensing server in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0061] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate example processes of selecting sensing relay nodes by the sensing Rx node in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0062] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate example processes of deactivating sensing relay nodes in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0064] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0065] FIGS. 8 through 10 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0066] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0067] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0068] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0069] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0070] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0071] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0072] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0073] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0074] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0075] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0076] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0077] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0078] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0079] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0080] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0081] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0082] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0083] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0084] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0085] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0086] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0087] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0088] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0089] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0090] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0091] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0092] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0093] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0094] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0095] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0096] Use cases and potential requirements, including functional requirements and performance requirements, for the enhancement of the 5G system to provide sensing services are under development, addressing various verticals and service applications scenarios, e.g. autonomous / assisted driving, V2X, UAVs, 3D map reconstruction, smart city, smart home, factories, healthcare, maritime sector. As mentioned above, a use case ‘sensing with sensing relay’ for ISAC is proposed.
[0097] The sensing relay node can be used for scenarios where sensing with a LOS path is not possible to improve the performance for the sensing service. FIGS. 1B and 1C illustrate example scenarios of sensing with sensing relay. In the example in FIG. 1B, the sensing relay node is used between the sensing (Tx) node and the sensing target. In the example in FIG. 1C, the sensing relay node is used between the sensing target and the sensing (Rx) node. It should be understood that other scenarios of sensing with sensing relay are also possible.
[0098] As used herein, the term “sensing node” refers to a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node. The sensing node may be implemented as a RAN node (e.g., gNB) or a UE or other possible network entities with sensing capability. As used herein, the term “sensing server” refers to a network entity that may request the sensing nodes to perform sensing measurements and may obtain sensing results based on the measurement result from the sensing Rx node. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the sensing server may be a sensing function (SF) in the core network (CN) or a sensing module in the RAN node, etc., which is used to control the sensing relay node with the assistance of the sensing nodes.
[0099] As used herein, the term “sensing relay node” refers to a device that can receive configurations from the network and forward sensing signals transmitted from the sensing Tx node to the sensing Rx node. The required sensing capability of the sensing relay node may be lower than the sensing Tx node. The sensing relay node may be implemented as a RAN node (e.g., gNB) or a UE or other possible network entities, e.g., a network-controlled repeater (NCR) node, etc.
[0100] FIG. 1D illustrates a conceptual model of a NCR node. A NCR node is a radio frequency (RF) repeater that enables wireless amplifying-and-forwarding functionality in NG-RAN. The NCR-node is capable of receiving and applying side control information from a gNB with additional functionality to support NCR. The NCR-node includes an NCR mobile termination unit (NCR-MT) and an NCR forwarding unit (NCR-Fwd) . The NCR-MT is an entity supporting a subset of the UE functionality that communicates with the gNB to receive side control information via a control link based on the NR Uu interface. The NCR-Fwd is the function performing amplifying-and-forwarding of signals between gNB and UE via the NCR-Fwd backhaul link and NCR-Fwd access link, respectively. The NCR-Fwd may support multiple beams towards the UE. The behaviour of the NCR-Fwd is controlled according to the side control information received from the gNB. The NCR-node is modelled as depicted in Fig. 1D. An NCR-MT establishes signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and optionally, data radio bearers (DRBs) , with a gNB. The establishment of DRB (s) may be used to transport OAM traffic. The signal that NCR-Fwd forwards is associated to the cell that the NCR-MT is connected to via the control link. Whether the NCR-Fwd may forward other signals is up to implementation.
[0101] To improve the performance for the sensing service with less resource overhead, it is benefical be select proper sensing relay nodes. Therefore, the scheme for the sensing relay node selection needs to be designed.
[0102] FIG. 2A illustrates an example process 200A that supports configuration of sensing relay in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200A will be described with reference to FIGS. 1B and 1C. The process 200A may involve a first device 201 and a second device 202. In some example implementations, the first device 201 may include a sensing server for the sensing service and the second device 202 may include a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node or a sensing relay node. In some example implementations, the first device 201 may include a sensing node (e.g., a sensing Rx node) and the second device 202 may include another sensing node (e.g., a sensing Tx node) or a sensing relay node. It is to be understood that the process 200A may be implemented by different network entities in different embodiments and may involve different steps for the sensing service with sensing relay in different embodiments. Different embodiments of the process 200 may be combined. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0103] As shown in FIG. 2A, the first device 201 transmits (211) , to the second device 202, first information 212 associated with sensing relay for a sensing service. The second device 202 receives (213) the first information 212 and transmits (214) a response 215 associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service. Accordingly, the first device 201 receives (216) the response 215 from the second device 202.
[0104] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may be a sensing server and may determine that the sensing relay is needed for the sensing service. In an example, the sensing server may determine that the sensing relay is needed for the sensing service based on a sensing result. For example, the sensing server may determine that the sensing relay is needed if the sensing server finds that a sensing target is not sensed in the sensing result based on the measurement result. In another example, the sensing server may receive an indication of absence of at least a portion of measurement results of the sensing service from a sensing Rx node and determine that the sensing relay is needed for the sensing service based on the indication from the sensing Rx node. For example, if the sensing Rx node cannot receive sensing reference signals (RSs) from a specific direction or from all directions for a period of time, the sensing target in this direction (or all directions) cannot be sensed and thus the sensing Rx node may transmit the indication to the sensing server. In this way, the sensing server may determine the need of sensing relay.
[0105] In some implementations, after determining that the sensing relay is needed for the sensing service, the sensing server may transmit a confirmation request associated with the sensing relay or a mono-static sensing request to a sensing node (e.g., the sensing Rx node or the sensing Tx node or both) . After receiving the confirmation request associated with the sensing relay or the mono-static sensing request, the sensing node may perform a mono-static sensing measurement to detect the existence of surrounding obstacle. The sensing node may transmit a mono-static sensing result indicating existence or non-existence of the surrounding obstacle. If the sensing node detects the existence of surrounding obstacles, the sensing node may transmit a mono-static sensing result indicating non-existence of the surrounding obstacle or a refutation indication associated with the sensing relay. If the sensing node detects the existence of surrounding obstacles, the sensing node may transmit a mono-static sensing result indicating existence of the surrounding obstacle or a confirmation indication associated with the sensing relay. The sensing server may thus determine whether the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Tx node and a sensing target or between the sensing Rx node and the sensing target. If the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target, the sensing server may request the sensing Tx node to discover available sensing relay node (s) for the sensing service. If the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Rx node and the sensing target, the sensing server may request the sensing Rx node to discover available sensing relay node (s) for the sensing service.
[0106] In some embodiments, the first device 201 is a sensing server and the second device 202 is the sensing Tx node or the sensing Rx node. After determining that the sensing relay is needed between the second device 202 and the sensing target, the first device 201 may transmit the first information 212 including a request for relay node discovery to the second device 202. The request for relay node discovery may include requirement (s) on the candidate sensing relay node. Example requirement (s) may include, but not limited to, at least one of the following: a first RSRP threshold between a candidate sensing relay node and the second device 202; an indication of a first location requirement for a candidate sensing relay node; an indication of a first mobility requirement for a candidate sensing relay node; or an indication of a capability requirement for a candidate sensing relay node. The second device 202 is a serving base station for at least one node and may transmit the request for relay node discovery to at least one node. The at least one node satisfying the requirement (s) may transmit corresponding information thereof to the second device 202 in response to the request for relay node discovery. Information of a node may include at least one of the following: an identification of the node; an indication of a location of the node; mobility information of the node; a measured RSRP between the node and the second device 202; or a sensing relay capability of the node. The response 215 transmitted from the second device 202 to the first device 201 may include information of the at least one node. The first device 201 may determine one or more nodes among the at least one node as candidate sensing relay nodes. In this way, the sensing server may trigger the sensing node to discover sensing relay node (s) , and may select sensing relay node (s) based on the information of the candidate nodes reported from the sensing node.
[0107] In some embodiments, the first device 201 is a sensing server, and the first information 212 is transmitted to a plurality of nodes including the second device 202. The first information 212 may include at least one first condition for a node included in the plurality of nodes to report availability as a candidate sensing relay node. The at least one first condition for a node included in the plurality of nodes to report availability as a candidate sensing relay node may include, but not limited to, at least one of the following: the node has a line of sight (LOS) link with a sensing node; a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is higher than a first RSRP threshold for the sensing relay; a location of the node meets a first location requirement for the sensing relay; or a mobility of the node meets a first mobility requirement for the sensing relay. The plurality of nodes may determine whether one or more of the at least one first condition is fulfilled. If the second device 202 determines that one or more of the at least one first condition is fulfilled, the second device 202 may transmit, to the sensing server, the response 215 including an indication of availability of the second device 202 as the candidate sensing relay node. The response 215 may include, but not limited to, at least one of the following: an indication of availability of the second device 202 as the candidate sensing relay node; an identification of the second device 202; an indication of a location of the second device 202; mobility information of the second device 202; a measured RSRP between the second device 202 and a sensing node; or a sensing relay capability of the second device 202. The sensing server may determine the second device 202 as the candidate sensing relay node based on the response 215 received from the second device 202. In this way, the sensing server may provide conditions for nodes to report their availability as candidate sensing relay nodes, and selects sensing relay node (s) based on the indication from the nodes.
[0108] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may be a sensing Rx node. The sensing Rx node may determine that the sensing relay is needed based on measurement results of the sensing service. For example, if the sensing Rx node cannot receive sensing RS from a specific direction or from all directions for a period of time, the sensing Rx node may perform a mono-static sensing measurement to detect the existence of surrounding obstacle. The sensing Rx node may determine whether the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Rx node and the sensing target or between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target based on a mono-static sensing result of the sensing Rx node.
[0109] In some implementations, if the sensing Rx node detects the existence of surrounding obstacles, the sensing Rx node may determine that the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Rx node and the sensing target. The sensing Rx node may discover available sensing relay node (s) for the sensing service. For example, the Rx node may determine the second device 202 as a candidate sensing relay node based on the response 215 associated with the sensing relay received from the Rx node. After determining that the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Rx node and the sensing target, the sensing Rx node may transmit the first information 212 including a request for relay node discovery to at least one node including the second device 202. The sensing Rx node is a serving base station for at least one node. The request for relay node discovery may be included in a paging message or system information, and may include requirement (s) on the candidate sensing relay node. The at least one node satisfying the requirement (s) may transmit corresponding information thereof to the sensing Rx node in response to the request for relay node discovery. For example, the response 215 transmitted from the second device 202 to the sensing Rx node may include information of the second device 202. Information of a node may include at least one of the following: an identification of the node; an indication of a location of the node; mobility information of the node; a measured RSRP between the node and the second device 202; or a sensing relay capability of the node. The sensing Rx node may determine one or more nodes among the at least one node as candidate sensing relay nodes.
[0110] In some implementations, if the sensing Rx node cannot detect the existence of surrounding obstacles, the sensing Rx node may determine that the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target. The sensing Rx node may request the sensing Tx node to discover available sensing relay node (s) for the sensing service.
[0111] In an example implementation, after determining that the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target, the sensing Rx node may transmit the first information 212 including a request for relay node discovery to the sensing Tx node. The request for relay node discovery may be included in a paging message or system information, and may include requirement (s) on the candidate sensing relay node. The sensing Tx node is a serving base station for at least one node and may transmit the request for relay node discovery to at least one node. The at least one node satisfying the requirement (s) may transmit corresponding information thereof to the sensing Tx node in response to the request for relay node discovery. Information of a node may include at least one of the following: an identification of the node; an indication of a location of the node; mobility information of the node; a measured RSRP between the node and the sensing Tx node; or a sensing relay capability of the node. The response 215 transmitted from the sensing Tx node to the sensing Rx node may include information of the at least one node. The sensing Rx node may determine one or more nodes among the at least one node as candidate sensing relay nodes.
[0112] In another example implementation, after determining that the sensing relay is needed between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target, the sensing Rx node may transmit the first information 212 including a request for relay node discovery to the sensing Tx node. The request for relay node discovery may include requirement (s) on the candidate sensing relay node. The sensing Tx node is a serving base station for at least one node and may transmit the request for relay node discovery to at least one node. The at least one node satisfying the requirement (s) may transmit corresponding information thereof to the sensing Tx node in response to the request for relay node discovery. Information of a node may include at least one of the following: an identification of the node; an indication of a location of the node; mobility information of the node; a measured RSRP between the node and the sensing Tx node; or a sensing relay capability of the node. The sensing Tx node may determine one or more nodes among the at least one node as candidate sensing relay nodes. The sensing Tx node is a serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node. In response to receiving the first information 212 including the request for relay node discovery from the sensing Rx node, the sensing Tx node may determine at least one node satisfying the requirement (s) as candidate sensing relay nodes and transmit the response 215 associated with the sensing relay to the sensing Rx node.
[0113] In some examples, the sensing Tx node functioning as the serving base station for at least one candidate sensing relay node may determine at least one first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission transmitted from the at least one candidate sensing relay node to the sensing target. The at least one first time / frequency resource configuration may be mapped to the at least one candidate sensing relay node, respectively. The response 215 transmitted from the sensing Tx node to the sensing Rx node may include the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration and the mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration. In other words, the sensing relay node may be configured with a time / frequency resource for the sensing relay node to transmit sensing RS to the sensing target. If there are multiple sensing relay nodes, the time / frequency resource for the sensing relay node to transmit sensing RS to the sensing target may be mapped to the sensing relay node and the mapping relationship may be indicated by the sensing Tx node to the sensing Rx node. The sensing Rx node may thus be able to distinguish the sensing RS transmitted from each sensing relay node to the sensing target and then to the sensing Rx node based on the time / frequency resource for the sensing RS.
[0114] In some examples, the sensing Tx node functioning as the serving base station for at least one candidate sensing relay node may determine a first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission transmitted from the at least one candidate sensing relay node to the sensing target. The at least one sequence number of the at least one first sensing RS transmission may be mapped to the at least one candidate sensing relay node, respectively. The response 215 transmitted from the sensing Tx node to the sensing Rx node may include a first time / frequency resource configuration and the mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and at least one sequence number of the at least one first sensing RS transmission. In other words, the sensing relay node may be configured with a time / frequency resource for the sensing relay node to transmit a sensing RS to the sensing target. If there are multiple sensing relay nodes, the fime / frequency resource for different sensing relay nodes may be the same. Thus, the resource efficiency for the sensing relay may be guaranteed. A sequence number of the sensing RS transmitted from the sensing relay node to the sensing target may be mapped to the sensing relay node and the mapping relationship may be indicated by the sensing Tx node to the sensing Rx node. The sensing Rx node may thus be able to distinguish the sensing RS transmitted from each sensing relay node to the sensing target and then to the sensing Rx node based on the sequence number of the sensing RS.
[0115] In some embodiments, a first sensing node (e.g., the sensing Tx node or the sensing Rx node) functioning as a serving base station for a candidate sensing relay node may determine a first time / frequency resource configuration for a first sensing RS transmission between the candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target. The first sensing node may transmit, to the candidate sensing relay node, a first time / frequency resource configuration associated with the first RS transmission between the candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target. In some embodiments, the first sensing node may receive, from a second sensing node (e.g., the sensing Rx node or the sensing Tx node) , an indication of available resources of the second sensing node. The first time / frequency resource configuration may be determined based on the available resources. The first sensing node may transmit the first time / frequency resource configuration to the second sensing node. In some examples, the sensing server may transmit assistance data associated with a location of the sensing target to the first sensing node. The first sensing node may determine first beam information associated with the first sensing RS transmission based on the assistance data received from the sensing server. The first sensing node may transmit the first beam information to the candidate sensing relay node. Alternatively, the sensing node may transmit assistance data associated with a location of the sensing target to the candidate sensing relay node, and the candidate sensing relay node may determine first beam information associated with the first sensing RS transmission. The candidate sensing relay node may receive or transmit the first sensing RS transmission from or to the sensing target based on the first time / frequency resource configuration and the first beam information.
[0116] In some embodiments, the first sensing node may determine second beam information and a second time / frequency resource configuration associated with a second sensing RS transmission between the first sensing node and the candidate sensing relay node and may transmit the second time / frequency resource configuration and the second beam information to the candidate sensing relay node. The candidate sensing relay node may receive or transmit the second sensing RS transmission from or to the second sensing node based on the second time / frequency resource configuration and the second beam information.
[0117] In some embodiments, the candidate sensing relay node may be selected by the sensing server. The sensing server may transmit an identification of the candidate sensing relay node to the first sensing node functioning as a serving base station for a candidate sensing relay node. The first sensing node may determine the resource configurations and the beam configurations for the candidate sensing relay node accordingly.
[0118] In some embodiments, the sensing Tx node may function as the serving base station for a candidate sensing relay node. In other words, the sensing relay is between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target. In some examples, the sensing Tx node may determine the first time / frequency resource configuration for the first RS transmission from the candidate sensing relay node to the sensing target. The sensing Tx node may transmit a mapping relationship between the first time / frequency resource configuration and the candidate sensing relay node to the sensing Rx node. In some examples, the sensing Tx node may transmit a mapping relationship between a sequence number of the first sensing RS transmission and the candidate sensing relay node to the sensing Rx node.
[0119] In some embodiments, the sensing Rx node may transmit a measurement result of the sensing service associated with the candidate sensing relay node to the sensing server. In some embodiments, the sensing Rx node may further transmit an indication of an association between the measurement result and the candidate sensing relay node to the sensing server. Based on the measurement result of the sensing service associated with a candidate sensing relay node, the sensing server may determine a sensing result of the sensing service. If the sensing result is unsatisfactory, the sensing Rx node may transmit a de-activation indication to the candidate sensing relay node. In this way, the sensing server may de-activate unsatisfied ones among multiple candidate sensing relay nodes based on the measurement report per candidate sensing relay node.
[0120] In some embodiments, the sensing server may transmit at least one second condition for a node to report unavailability for the sensing relay to at least one candidate sensing relay node. The at least one candidate sensing relay node may determine whether the at least one second condition is fulfilled. If a candidate sensing relay node determines that one or more of the at least one second condition is fulfilled, the candidate sensing relay node may transmit an indication of unavailability of the candidate sensing relay node for the sensing relay to the sensing server. After receiving the indication of unavailability of the candidate sensing relay node for the sensing relay, the sensing server may transmit a de-activation indication to the candidate sensing relay node. In this way, the sensing server may provide conditions for candidate sensing relay nodes to report their unavailability, and de-activate candidate sensing relay node (s) based on the indication reported from the candidate sensing relay node (s) .
[0121] In some embodiments, the at least one second condition may include at least one of the following: the node does not have a LOS link with a sensing node; a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is lower than a second RSRP threshold for the sensing relay; a location of the node does not meet a second location requirement for the sensing relay; or a mobility of the node does not meet a second mobility requirement for the sensing relay.
[0122] FIG. 2B illustrates an example process 200B that supports sensing with sensing relay in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200B will be described with reference to FIGS. 1B and 1C. The process 200B may involve a first device 201 and a second device 202. The first device 201 may include a sensing server for the sensing service and the second device 202 may include a sensing Rx node. The process 200B may be implemented after the process 200A. Alternatively, the process 200B may be implemented independently of the process 200A. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0123] As shown in FIG. 2B, the second device 202 (i.e., the sensing Rx node) may perform (221) , with at least one candidate sensing relay node, a sensing measurement in a sensing service based on configurations of the at least one candidate sensing relay node. The second device 202 may transmit (222) , to the first device 201 (i.e., the sensing server) , measurement results (223) of the sensing service associated with the at least one candidate sensing relay node. The first device 201 receives (224) the measurement results (223) of the sensing service associated with the at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0124] In some embodiments, the second device 202 may transmit, to the first device 201, an indication of an association between the measurement results and the at least one candidate sensing relay node. In some implementations, the configurations may include at least one first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target; and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration. The mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration may be determined by a serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node. If the second device 202 (i.e., the sensing Rx node) is the serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node, the second device 202 may determine the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration. If the sensing Tx node is the serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node, the sensing Tx node may determine the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration and transmit the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration to the sensing Rx node.
[0125] In some implementations, the configurations may include a first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target; and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and at least one sequence number of the at least one first sensing RS transmission. The mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration may be determined by a serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node. If the second device 202 (i.e., the sensing Rx node) is the serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node, the second device 202 may determine the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration. If the sensing Tx node is the serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node, the sensing Tx node may determine the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration and transmit the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration to the sensing Rx node.
[0126] Hereinbefore, some embodiments of the sensing with the sensing relay are described in general terms. Hereinafter, some implementations of the sensing with the sensing relay will be further detailed in regard to various specific aspects.
[0127] In the sensing service, either the sensing server or the sensing Rx node may detect that transmission of the sensing signal is blocked and decide to use the sensing relay node. On one hand, The sensing server may determine to use the sensing relay based on the sensing result (e.g., blind area is detected, or fail to track the sensing target) or based on the indication from the sensing Rx node. On the other hand, the sensing Rx node may determine to use the sensing relay if it cannot receive the sensing signal from specific direction for a period of time. In some implementations, if the sensing Rx node determines to use the sensing relay, the sensing relay may be transparent to the sensing server. The procedures to detect whether the sensing signal is blocked and to determine whether the sensing relay is needed needs to be studied. Additionally, considering that the sensing target may not transmit and receive signal, it’s difficult to guarantee that the selected sensing relay node has the sensing LOS link with the sensing target. In this regard, the network may first configure multiple sensing relay nodes and de-activate the unsatisfied ones based on the sensing result. This requires the sensing Rx node to be able to differentiate multiple sensing relay nodes and associated solutions need to be studied.
[0128] The first specific aspect is how the sensing server decides to use the sensing relay node (s) in the sensing service.
[0129] In some embodiments, the sensing server may decide to use the sensing relay node and may trigger the sensing node to discover the sensing relay node (s) . The sensing server may select the sensing relay node (s) based on the information reported from the sensing node. The sensing server may request the sensing Tx node and the sensing Rx node to detect whether there’s obstacle in their surroundings by e.g., mono-static sensing, in order to confirm whether the sensing relay is required between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target / area or between the sensing target / area and the sensing Rx node.
[0130] The sensing server may then request the sensing Tx node or the sensing Rx node to discover the sensing relay node. In the request, the sensing server may indicate the requirement on the sensing relay node, e.g., the required RSRP threshold between the sensing relay node and the sensing node, the required region / location of the sensing relay node, the required mobility of the sensing relay node, the required capability of the sensing relay node, etc. The requested sensing node may broadcast the sensing relay node discovery request by e.g., including the request in the paging message or system information.
[0131] FIG. 3A illustrates an example process 300A of selecting the sensing relay nodes by the sensing server in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 300A can be considered as a specific example of the process 200A of FIG. 2A. The process 300A may involve the sensing server 301, the sensing node 302 and the sensing relay node 303. The sensing node 302 may be the sensing Tx node or the sensing Rx node. It is to be understood that process 300A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0132] In the process 300A, at 311, the sensing server 301 determines that sensing relay is needed. For example, the sensing server 301 makes the decision based on the sensing result, e.g., blind area is detected, or fail to track the sensing target. Alternatively, the sensing server 301 makes the decision based on the indication from the sensing Rx node. If the sensing Rx node cannot receive the sensing RS from a specific direction or from all directions for a period of time, the sensing Rx node may indicate to the sensing server 301 accordingly.
[0133] At 312, the sensing server 301 requests the sensing Tx node and the sensing Rx node to detect whether there’s obstacle in their surroundings by e.g., mono-static sensing, in order to confirm whether the required sensing relay node is between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target / area or between the sensing target / area and the sensing Rx node. Based on the configuration from the sensing server 301, the sensing node 302 may report the measurement data or the sensing result (e.g., whether there’ re obstacles in its surrounding)
[0134] At 313, the sensing server 301 requests the sensing Tx node or the sensing Rx node to discover the sensing relay node. If the sensing relay node needs to locate between the sensing Tx node and target (i.e., the link quality between the sensing Tx node and the sensing relay node should be higher than a certain threshold) , then the sensing server 301 sends the request to the sensing Tx node. If the sensing relay node needs to locate between the sensing target and the sensing Rx node (i.e., the link quality between the sensing relay node and the sensing Rx node should be higher than a certain threshold) , then the sensing server 301 sends the request to the sensing Rx node.
[0135] In the request message, the sensing server 301 may indicate the requirement of the candidate sensing relay node, e.g., the required RSRP threshold between the sensing relay node and the sensing node 302, the required region / location of the sensing relay node, the required mobility of the sensing relay node (e.g., low velocity, static, etc. ) , the capability of the sensing relay node (if not obtained in the previous procedure e.g., registration process) .
[0136] At 314, the requested sensing node 302 broadcasts the sensing relay node discovery request by e.g., including the request in the paging message or system information, which may include the requirements for the sensing relay node 303. At 315, the candidate sensing relay node 303 (which satisfies the requirement) responds the sensing node 302, and includes its information in the response, e.g., ID, location, velocity, measured RSRP with the sensing node 302, optionally the sensing capability, etc. At 316, the requested sensing node 302 sends the information of candidate sensing relay node (s) 303 to the sensing server 301. At 317, the sensing server 301 selects the sensing relay node based on the information provided from the sensing Tx node / the sensing Rx node. With the process 300A, the sensing server triggers the sensing nodes to discover the sensing relay nodes, and selects the sensing relay node based on the information reported from the sensing nodes.
[0137] In some embodiments, the sensing server may provide conditions for the sensing relay node to report its availability, and selects the sensing relay node based on the indication from the sensing relay node. The conditions may include, but not limited to, at least one of the following: the location of the sensing relay node is in the required region / area; the mobility requirement is satisfied; the LOS link is detected between the sensing relay node and the sensing node, or the measured RSRP between the sensing relay node and the sensing node is higher than the (pre) configured threshold. The sensing relay node may report its availability and optionally corresponding information (e.g., measurement results) to the sensing server if at least one of the conditions is satisfied.
[0138] FIG. 3B illustrates an example process 300B of selecting the sensing relay nodes by the sensing server in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 300B can be considered as a specific example of the process 200A of FIG. 2A. The process 300B may involve the sensing server 301, the sensing node 302 and the sensing relay node 303. The sensing node 302 may be the sensing Tx node or the sensing Rx node. It is to be understood that process 300B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 3B having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIG. 3A, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0139] In the process 300B, at 311, the sensing server 301 determines that sensing relay is needed. At 312, the sensing server 301 requests the sensing Tx node and the sensing Rx node to detect whether there’s obstacle in their surroundings by e.g., mono-static sensing, in order to confirm whether the required sensing relay node is between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target / area or between the sensing target / area and the sensing Rx node.
[0140] At 321, the sensing server 301 may provide conditions of reporting availability for candidate sensing relay node 303. The sensing relay node 303 may access to the supported gNB (i.e., the sensing node 302 here) , and it’s possible for the sensing relay node 303 to measure RSRP between the sensing relay node 303 and the sensing node 302. At 322, the sensing relay node 303 reports its availability to the sensing server 301 if at least one of the conditions is satisfied. In the report, the sensing relay node 303 may also include corresponding information, e.g., its location, mobility, measured RSRP between the sensing relay node 303 and the sensing node 302, etc. At 323, the sensing server 301 selects the sensing relay node 303 based on the availability indication and corresponding information (e.g., measurement results) from the sensing relay node 303, the current sensing result and the service requirement. With the process 300B, the sensing server may provide conditions for the sensing relay node to report its availability, and select the sensing relay node based on the indication from the sensing relay node.
[0141] The second specific aspect is how the sensing Rx node decides to use the sensing relay node in the sensing service.
[0142] In some embodiments, the sensing Rx node detects that the sensing signal is blocked between the sensing target and the sensing Rx node if it cannot receive the sensing signal from specific direction or even all directions, and based on the mono-static sensing result. The sensing Rx node broadcasts the sensing relay node discovery request by including the request in the paging message or system information, which may include the requirements for the sensing relay node. Candidate sensing relay node (which satisfies the requirement) responds the sensing node, and includes its information in the response, e.g., ID, location, velocity, measured RSRP with the sensing node, optionally the sensing capability, etc.
[0143] FIG. 4A illustrates an example process 400A of selecting the sensing relay nodes by the sensing Rx node in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 400A can be considered as a specific example of the process 200A of FIG. 2A. The process 400A may involve the sensing server 401, the sensing Rx node 402-2 and the sensing relay node 403. It is to be understood that process 400A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0144] In the process 400A, at 411, the sensing Rx node 402-2 decides to use the sensing relay and determines that the sensing relay is required between the sensing target and the sensing Rx node 402-2. At 412, the sensing Rx node 402-2 broadcasts the sensing relay node discovery request by including the request in the paging message or system information, which may include the requirements for the sensing relay node, e.g., the required RSRP threshold between the sensing relay node and the sensing node 402, the required region / location of the sensing relay node, the required mobility of the sensing relay node (e.g., low velocity, static, etc. ) , the capability of the sensing relay node (if not obtained in the previous procedure e.g., registration process)
[0145] At 413, the candidate sensing relay node 403 (which satisfy the requirement) responds the sensing Rx node 402-2, and includes its information in the response, e.g., ID, location, velocity, measured RSRP with the sensing node 402, optionally the sensing capability, etc. At 414, the sensing Rx node 402-2 selects the sensing relay node 403 based on the reported information. At 415, the sensing Rx node 402-2 may provide configuration to the sensing relay node 403 for the sensing relay node 403 to receive and transmit sensing RS.
[0146] At 416, the sensing Rx node 402-2 measures the sensing signal from the sensing relay node 403, generates a measurement report for the sensing service. At 417, the sensing Rx node 402-2 sends the measurement report to the sensing server 401.
[0147] In some embodiments, the sensing Rx node detects that the sensing signal is blocked between the sensing Tx node and the sensing target if it cannot receive the sensing signal from specific direction or even all directions, and based on the mono-static sensing result. The sensing Rx node requests the sensing Tx node to select the sensing relay node via e.g., Xn interface, and also may indicate the requirement of the sensing relay node to the sensing Tx node, e.g., the required region / location of the sensing relay node. The sensing Tx node selects the sensing relay node and responses to the sensing Rx node.
[0148] FIG. 4B illustrates an example process 400B of selecting the sensing relay nodes by the sensing Rx node in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 400B can be considered as a specific example of the process 200A of FIG. 2A. The process 400B may involve the sensing server 401, the sensing Tx node 402-1, the sensing Rx node 402-2 and the sensing relay 403. It is to be understood that process 400B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 4B having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIG. 4A, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0149] In the process 400B, at 411, the sensing Rx node 402-2 decides to use the sensing relay and determines that the sensing relay is required between the sensing target and the sensing Tx node 402-1. At 421, the sensing Rx node 402-2 requests the sensing Tx node 402-1 to select the sensing relay node via e.g., Xn interface, and also indicate the requirement of the sensing relay node to the sensing Tx node 402-1, e.g., the required region / location of the sensing relay node.
[0150] At 422, the sensing Tx node 402-1 broadcasts the sensing relay node discovery request by including the request in the paging message or system information, which may include the requirements for the sensing relay node, e.g., the required RSRP threshold between the sensing relay node and the sensing node 402, the required region / location of the sensing relay node, the required mobility of the sensing relay node (e.g., low velocity, static, etc. ) , the required capability of the sensing relay node (if not obtained in the previous procedure e.g., registration process)
[0151] At 423, the candidate sensing relay node 403 (which satisfies the requirement) responds the sensing Tx node 402-1, and includes its information in the response, e.g., ID, location, velocity, measured RSRP with the sensing node 402, optionally the sensing capability, etc.
[0152] At 424, the sensing Tx node 402-1 selects the sensing relay node 403 based on the information of the candidate relay nodes. At 425, the sensing Tx node 402-1 may provide configuration for the sensing relay node 403 to receive and transmit sensing RS. At 426, the sensing Tx node 402-1 may indicate the configuration for the sensing relay node 403 to the sensing Rx node 402-2. At 416, the sensing Rx node 402-2 measures the sensing signal from the sensing relay node 403, generates a measurement report for the sensing service. At 417, the sensing Rx node 402-2 sends the measurement report to the sensing server 401.
[0153] The third specific aspect is how to configure and deactivate the sensing relay node.
[0154] In some embodiments, the sensing server selects multiple sensing relay nodes, and de-activates unsatisfied ones based on the measurement report per the sensing relay node. In some implementations, the sensing Rx node differentiates multiple sensing relay nodes via different resources. The sensing relay node is configured with a different resource with the resource between the sensing Tx node and the sensing Rx node. If the sensing Tx node is the serving gNB of the sensing relay node (i.e., responsible for resource configuration for the sensing relay node) , the sensing Tx node needs to indicate the mapping relationship between the sensing relay node and the resources to the sensing Rx node. Alternatively, the sensing Rx node differentiates multiple sensing relay nodes via different sequence number. The sensing relay node is configured with same resource with those between the sensing Tx node and the sensing Rx node, but the sequence number of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing relay node is different from the sequence number of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing Tx node. If the sensing Tx node is the serving gNB of the sensing relay node, the sensing Tx node needs to indicate the mapping relationship between the sensing relay node and the sequence number to the sensing Rx node.
[0155] FIG. 5A illustrates an example process 500A of deactivating sensing relay node (s) in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 500A can be considered as a specific example of the process 200B of FIG. 2B. The process 500A may involve the sensing server 501, the sensing Tx node 502-1, the sensing Rx node 502-2 and the sensing relay 503. It is to be understood that process 500A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0156] In the process 500A, at 511, the sensing server 501 selects multiple sensing relay nodes. At 512, the sensing server 501 may indicate the IDs of the sensing relay nodes 503 to the sensing node 502, after determining the sensing relay nodes 503.
[0157] At 513, the serving gNB of the sensing relay node 503 (the sensing Tx node 502-1 or the sensing Rx node 502-2) may provide resource configuration and beam information to the sensing relay nodes 503. Different sensing relay nodes 503 are configured with different resource or different sequence number of the sensing signal. The sensing server 501 may provide the rough direction / location of the sensing target to the sensing relay node 503 or the serving gNB of the sensing relay node 503 for determining beam direction to the sensing target.
[0158] If the sensing Tx node 502-1 is the serving gNB of the sensing relay node 503, the sensing Tx node 502-1 needs to indicate to the sensing Rx node 502-2 the association / mapping relationship between the sensing relay node ID and the configured resource / sequence number for the sensing relay node 503 to transmit RS, so that the sensing Rx node 502-2 may differentiate the sensing relay nodes 503 with different resource / different sequence number of the sensing signal.
[0159] In some implementations, the sensing relay node 503 is configured with different resource with those between the sensing Tx node 502-1 and the sensing Rx node 502-2.
[0160] If the sensing relay node 503 is between the sensing Tx node 502-1 and the sensing target, i.e., the sensing relay node 503 has LOS link with the sensing Tx node 502-1, then the serving gNB of the sensing relay node 503 may be the sensing Tx node 502-1.
[0161] The sensing Tx node 502-1 may provide first time / frequency resource configuration for the sensing relay node 503 to transmit RS. The first time / frequency resource configuration is aligned with the sensing Rx node 502-2. For example, the sensing Tx node 502-1 may first obtain the available resource from the sensing Rx node 502-2, and then allocate resource for the sensing relay node 503 to transmit RS. The sensing Tx node 502-1 may inform the sensing Rx node 502-2 the allocated resource, and the association between the resource and the sensing relay node 503 if there’re multiple sensing relay nodes 503.
[0162] The sensing server 501 may provide assistance data to the sensing relay node 503. The assistance data may be related to the (rough) direction / location of the sensing target, which may be used for the sensing relay node 503 to determine the beam to transmit RS. Alternatively, the sensing server 501 may provide assistance data about the (rough) direction / location of the sensing target to the sensing Tx node 502-1, then the sensing Tx node 502-1 may provide the first beam information for the sensing relay node 503 to transmit RS.
[0163] The sensing Tx node 502-1 may provide second beam information to the sensing relay node 503. The beam is used for the sensing relay node 503 to receive RS from the sensing Tx node 502-1. The sensing Tx node 502-1 may provide second time / frequency resource configuration for the sensing relay node 503 to receive RS from the sensing Tx node 502-1. The second time / frequency resource configuration may be associated with the indicated beam.
[0164] If the sensing relay node 503 is between the sensing Rx node 502-2 and the sensing target, i.e., the sensing relay node 503 has LOS link with the sensing Rx node 502-2, then the serving gNB of the sensing relay node 503 may be the sensing Rx node 502-2.
[0165] The sensing Rx node 502-2 may provide first time / frequency resource for the sensing relay node 503 to receive RS from the sensing Tx node 502-1. The first time / frequency resource needs to be aligned with the sensing Tx node 502-1. For example, the sensing Rx node 502-2 may first obtain the available resource from the sensing Tx node 502-1, and then allocate the resource for the sensing relay node 503 to receive RS.
[0166] The sensing server 501 may provide the assistance data to the sensing relay node 503. The assistance data may be related to the (rough) direction / location of the sensing target, which may be used for the sensing relay node 503 to determine the beam to receive RS. Alternatively, the sensing server 501 may provide assistance data about the (rough) direction / location of the sensing target to the sensing Rx node 502-2, then the sensing Rx node 502-2 may provide the first beam information for the sensing relay node 503 to receive RS.
[0167] The sensing Rx node 502-2 may provide second beam information to the sensing relay node 503. The beam is used for the sensing relay node 503 to transmit RS to the sensing Rx node 502-2. The sensing Rx node 502-2 may provide second time / frequency resource for the sensing relay node 503 to transmit RS to the sensing Rx node 502-2. The second time / frequency resource may be associated with the indicated beam.
[0168] In some implementations, the sensing relay node 503 is configured with the same resource as those between the sensing Tx node 502-1 and the sensing Rx node 502-2.
[0169] In some examples, the sequence number of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing relay node 503 is the same as the sequence number of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing Tx node 502-1. The sensing Rx node 502-2 cannot differentiate the sensing relay nodes 503 and the sensing Tx node 502-1. The serving gNB (e.g., the sensing Tx node 502-1 or the sensing Rx node 502-2) may provide resource configuration to the sensing relay node 503. The sensing server 501 may provide assistance data about the (rough) direction / location of the sensing target to the sensing relay node 503 or its serving gNB.
[0170] In some examples, the sequence number of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing relay node 503 is different from the sequence number of the sensing signal transmitted from the sensing Tx node 502-1. The sensing Rx node 502-2 may differentiate the sensing relay nodes 503 and the sensing Tx node 502-1 via the sequence number of the sensing signal.
[0171] The serving gNB (e.g., the sensing Tx node 502-1 or the sensing Rx node 502-2) may provide resource configuration to the sensing relay node 503. The sensing server 501 may provide assistance data about the (rough) direction / location of the sensing target to the sensing relay node 503 or its serving gNB. If the sensing Tx node 502-1 is the serving gNB of the sensing relay node 503, the sensing Tx node 502-1 may indicate the mapping relationship between the sensing relay nodes 503 and the sequence number of the sensing signal to the sensing Rx node 502-2.
[0172] At 514, based on the configuration, the sensing relay node 503 may receive the sensing signal from the sensing Tx node 502-1 and forward the sensing signal to the sensing Rx node 502-2. The sensing Rx node 502-2 measures the sensing signal from the sensing relay node 503, and generates measurement report per sensing relay node 503.
[0173] At 515, the sensing Rx node 502-2 transmits the measurement reports to the sensing server 501, and may indicate the association between measurement report and the sensing relay node 503 to the sensing server 501.
[0174] At 516, the sensing server 501 determines which sensing relay node 503 is to be de-activated based on the measurement report. At 517, the sensing server 501 sends a de-activation indication to the unsatisfied sensing relay node 503.
[0175] Alternatively, the sensing Rx node 502-2 may determine which the sensing relay node 503 is not satisfactory based on the measurement result, and sends de-activation indication to the sensing relay node 503 via e.g., MAC CE.
[0176] In some embodiments, the sensing server may provide conditions for the sensing relay node to report its unavailability, and de-activates the sensing relay node based on the indication reported from the sensing relay node.
[0177] FIG. 5B illustrates an example process 500B of deactivating sensing relay nodes in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 500B can be considered as a specific example of the process 200A of FIG. 2A. The process 500B may involve the sensing server 501, the sensing node 502 and the sensing relay node 503. The sensing node 502 may be the sensing Tx node or the sensing Rx node. It is to be understood that process 500B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 5B having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIG. 5A, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0178] In the process 500B, at 521, the sensing server 501 may provide conditions of reporting unavailability to the sensing relay node 503. The conditions may include, but not limited to, at least one of the following: the measured RSRP between the sensing node 502 and the sensing relay node 503 is lower than the configured RSRP threshold, or the LOS link cannot be detected between the sensing relay node 503 and the sensing node 502; the mobility requirement is not satisfied, e.g., velocity is higher than the configured threshold; or the sensing relay node 503 moves out of the indicated area / region. At 522, the sensing relay node 503 sends indication and optionally the corresponding information (e.g., measurement results) to the sensing server 501 if at least one of the conditions is satisfied, and may also indicate the reason. At 523, the sensing server 501 de-activates unsatisfied sensing relay node (s) via sensing node 502 based on the indication from the sensing relay node 503 and measurement report.
[0179] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, procedures and signalllings for the sensing relay node selection and de-activation are designed. In this way, the performance for the sensing service may be improved. By de-activating unsatisfactory sensing relay nodes, the resource overhead may be reduced and the efficiency may be improved.
[0180] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of the first device 201 or the second device 202 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the communication system. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0181] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0182] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0183] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; and a means for receiving, from the second device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service..
[0184] In another example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; and a means for transmitting, to the first device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service.
[0185] In a further example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing, with at least one candidate sensing relay node, a sensing measurement in a sensing service based on configurations of the at least one candidate sensing relay node; and a means for transmitting, to a first device, measurement results of the sensing service associated with the at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0186] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0187] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0188] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 602. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0189] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0190] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0191] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0192] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0193] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0194] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0195] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0196] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0197] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, and the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0198] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0199] For example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; and a means for receiving, from the second device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service.
[0200] In another example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; and a means for transmitting, to the first device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service.
[0201] In a further example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for performing, with at least one candidate sensing relay node, a sensing measurement in a sensing service based on configurations of the at least one candidate sensing relay node; and a means for transmitting, to a first device, measurement results of the sensing service associated with the at least one candidate sensing relay node.
[0202] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a first device 201 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0203] At 805, the method may include transmitting, to a second device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2A.
[0204] At 810, the method may include receiving, from the second device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2A.
[0205] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a second device 202 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0206] At 905, the method may include receiving, from a first device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2A.
[0207] At 910, the method may include transmitting, to the first device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2A.
[0208] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports sensing relay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a second device 202 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0209] At 1005, the method may include performing, with at least one candidate sensing relay node, a sensing measurement in a sensing service based on configurations of the at least one candidate sensing relay node. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0210] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to a first device, measurement results of the sensing service associated with the at least one candidate sensing relay node. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0211] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0212] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0213] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0214] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0215] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0216] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to a second device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; andreceive, from the second device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing server, and the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:determine that the sensing relay is needed for the sensing service based on one of the following:a sensing result; orreceiving an indication of absence of at least a portion of measurement results of the sensing service from the sensing Rx node.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing server, and the second device is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node,wherein the first information comprises a request for relay node discovery, and the response associated with the sensing relay comprises second information of at least one node, andwherein the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:determine one or more nodes among the at least one node as candidate sensing relay nodes,wherein the second information of a node among the at least one node comprises at least one of the following:an identification of the node;an indication of a location of the node;mobility information of the node;a measured reference signal receiving power (RSRP) between the node and the second device; ora sensing relay capability of the node.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing Rx node, and the second device is a sensing Tx node and a serving base station for at least one candidate sensing relay node,wherein the first information comprises a request for relay node discovery, andwherein the response associated with the sensing relay comprises one of the following:at least one first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing reference signal (RS) transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target, and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration; ora first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target, and a mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and at least one sequence number of the at least one first sensing RS transmission.5.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing Tx node or a sensing Rx node,wherein the first information comprises a request for relay node discovery, and the response associated with the sensing relay comprises second information of the second device, and the request for relay node discovery transmitted from the first device to the second device is comprised in a paging message or system information,where the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:determine the second device as a candidate sensing relay node based on the response associated with the sensing relay,wherein the second information of the second device comprises at least one of the following:an identification of the second device;an indication of a location of the second device;mobility information of the second device;a measured RSRP between the second device and the first device; ora sensing relay capability of the second device.6.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first information comprises a request for relay node discovery, and the request for relay node discovery comprises at least one of the following:a first RSRP threshold between a candidate sensing relay node and a sensing node;an indication of a first location requirement for a candidate sensing relay node;an indication of a first mobility requirement for a candidate sensing relay node; oran indication of a capability requirement for a candidate sensing relay node.7.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing server, the first information is transmitted to a plurality of nodes comprising the second device, the first information comprises at least one first condition for a node comprised in the plurality of nodes to report availability as a candidate sensing relay node, andwherein the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:determine the second device as the candidate sensing relay node based on the response associated with the sensing relay,wherein the at least one first condition comprises at least one of the following:the node has a line of sight (LOS) link with a sensing node;a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is higher than a first RSRP threshold for the sensing relay;a location of the node meets a first location requirement for the sensing relay; ora mobility of the node meets a first mobility requirement for the sensing relay.8.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing server, and the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:transmit, to a sensing node, an identification of a candidate sensing relay node; andtransmit, to the sensing node or the candidate sensing relay node, assistance data associated with a location of a sensing target.9.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing server, and the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:receive, from a sensing Rx node, a measurement result of the sensing service associated with a candidate sensing relay node; andtransmit, to the candidate sensing relay node, a de-activation indication based on the measurement result, wherein a sensing result based on the measurement result is unsatisfactory.10.The first device of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:receive, from a sensing Rx node, an indication of an association between the measurement result and the candidate sensing relay node.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensing server, and the processor is configured to further cause the first device to:transmit, to at least one candidate sensing relay node, at least one second condition for a node to report unavailability for the sensing relay;receive, from a candidate sensing relay node among the least one candidate sensing relay node, an indication of unavailability of the candidate sensing relay node for the sensing relay; andtransmit, to the candidate sensing relay node, a de-activation indication, wherein the at least one second condition comprises at least one of the following:the node does not have a line of sight (LOS) link with a sensing node;a measured RSRP between the node and a sensing node is lower than a second RSRP threshold for the sensing relay;a location of the node does not meet a second location requirement for the sensing relay; ora mobility of the node does not meet a second mobility requirement for the sensing relay.12.A second device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a first device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; andtransmit, to the first device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service.13.The second device of claim 12, wherein the first device is a sensing server, the second device is a sensing transmitting (Tx) node or a sensing receiving (Rx) node, and the processor is configured to further cause the second device to:receive, from the first device, a confirmation request associated with the sensing relay or a mono-static sensing request;determine existence or non-existence of a surrounding obstacle by performing a mono-static sensing measurement; andtransmit, to the first device, a mono-static sensing result indicating existence or non-existence of the surrounding obstacle or a denying indication or a refutation indication associated with the sensing relay.14.The second device of claim 12, wherein the second device is a first sensing node and is a serving base station for a candidate sensing relay node, and the processor is configured to further cause the second device to:transmit, to the candidate sensing relay node, a first time / frequency resource configuration associated with a first sensing reference signal (RS) transmission between the candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target; andtransmit, to the candidate sensing relay node, second beam information and a second time / frequency resource configuration associated with a second sensing RS transmission between the second device and the candidate sensing relay node.15.The second device of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to further cause the second device to:receive, from the first device, assistance data associated with a location of the sensing target; andtransmit, to the candidate sensing relay node, first beam information associated with the first sensing RS transmission, wherein the first beam information is determined based on the assistance data.16.The second device of claim 14, wherein the second device is a sensing Tx node, the first time / frequency resource configuration is associated with the candidate sensing relay node, and the processor is configured to further cause the second device to:transmit, to a sensing Rx node, one of the following:a mapping relationship between the first time / frequency resource configuration and the candidate sensing relay node; ora mapping relationship between a sequence number of the first sensing RS transmission and the candidate sensing relay node.17.A second device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to:perform, with at least one candidate sensing relay node, a sensing measurement in a sensing service based on configurations of the at least one candidate sensing relay node; andtransmit, to a first device, measurement results of the sensing service associated with the at least one candidate sensing relay node.18.The second device of claim 17, wherein the configurations comprise:at least one first time / frequency resource configuration for at least one first sensing RS transmission between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and a sensing target; anda mapping relationship between the at least one candidate sensing relay node and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration.19.The second device of claim 18, wherein the second device is a first sensing node, and the processor is configured to further cause the second device to:receive the mapping relationship and the at least one first time / frequency resource configuration from a second sensing node, wherein the second sensing node is a serving base station for the at least one candidate sensing relay node.20.A method performed by a first device, the method comprising:transmitting, to a second device, first information associated with sensing relay for a sensing service; andreceiving, from the second device, a response associated with the sensing relay for the sensing service.
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