Non-access-point multi-link device with per-link subchannel switching operation mode and / or different transition delays under cross-link transmission mode and related wireless communication method
By employing a per-link subchannel switching operation mode and differentiated transition delays, non-AP multi-link devices optimize hardware cost and throughput, addressing the inefficiencies in existing EMLSR modes.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/074811
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-02
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing non-access-point (non-AP) multi-link devices face challenges in balancing hardware cost and throughput performance due to the need for enhanced multi-link single-radio (EMLSR) mode, which requires costly subchannel switching and transition delays.
Implementing a per-link subchannel switching operation mode and different transition delays in a cross-link transmission mode, allowing individual control of subchannel switching and transition delays for each link, rather than setting modes uniformly across all links.
This approach achieves a balance between hardware cost and throughput performance by optimizing subchannel switching and transition delays, enhancing overall efficiency in wireless communication.
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Figure CN2025074811_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NON-ACCESS-POINT MULTI-LINK DEVICE WITH PER-LINK SUBCHANNEL SWITCHING OPERATION MODE AND / OR DIFFERENT TRANSITION DELAYS UNDER CROSS-LINK TRANSMISSION MODE AND RELATED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHODBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to wireless communications, and more particularly, to a non-access-point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD) with a per-link subchannel switching operation mode and / or different transition delays under a cross-link transmission mode and a related wireless communication method.
[0003] 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0004] A continuous technical goal of development and evolution of a wireless local area network (WLAN) is to continuously improve the throughput. For example, a key technology of the Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) is to improve the throughput by using multi-link (ML) communication. A core idea of multi-link communication is that a WLAN device has multi-band transmitting and receiving capabilities, and therefore uses a larger bandwidth for data transmission to significantly increase the throughput. A band may be referred to as a link. In 802.11be, a WLAN device that supports multi-link communication is referred to as a multi-link device (MLD) . The MLD may perform parallel communication on a plurality of links (or a plurality of bands) , so that a transmission rate is greatly improved.
[0005] However, because there may be a non-access-point (non-AP) MLD with a limited receive (RX) operation mode in some cases, an enhanced multi-link single-radio (EMLSR) mode is introduced. The EMLSR mode allows a non-AP MLD with multiple RX chains to listen on a set of enabled links when the corresponding stations (STAs) affiliated with the non-AP MLD are in the awake state for an initial control frame (ICF) sent by an access point (AP) affiliated with an AP MLD in a non-high throughput (non-HT) duplicate physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) with one spatial stream, followed by a frame exchange sequence (FES) on the link on which the ICF was received. In the EMLSR mode, the non-AP MLD receives a frame in a single radio mode on each link. For example, the non-AP MLD may perform a listening operation on a channel in a 1×1 configuration. After receiving the ICF sent by the AP MLD on an EMLSR link, an affiliated STA of the non-AP MLD temporarily switches its spatial stream (RX antenna) on another link to the EMLSR link (which receives the ICF) to form a 2×2 configuration, so as to perform subsequent frame exchange.
[0006] Non-primary channel access (NPCA) and dynamic subband (or called subchannel) operation (DSO) are features to improve medium utilization. Regarding an EMLSR non-AP MLD, to support NPCA and / or DSO on each EMLSR link may cause much higher cost because on each link, while supporting NPCA and / or DSO, the hardware to accelerate the subchannel switching time may be doubled or tripled. Thus, there is a need for more flexible rules for an EMLSR non-AP MLD to support NPCA and / or DSO, which can achieve a balance between hardware cost and throughput performance.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] One of the objectives of the claimed invention is to provide a non-AP MLD with a per-link subchannel switching operation mode and / or different transition delays under a cross-link transmission mode and a related wireless communication method.
[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an exemplary wireless communication method employed by a non-AP MLD is disclosed. The exemplary wireless communication method includes: indicating setup of the non-AP MLD, wherein the setup of the non-AP MLD includes a per-link subchannel switching operation mode ; and during a period in which a set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under a cross-link transmission mode, controlling radio of a first link that is indicated as a subchannel switching deactivated link to perform no subchannel switching on the first link, wherein the first link is one of multiple links enabled between the non-AP MLD and an AP MLD, and belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode.
[0009] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an exemplary wireless communication method employed by a non-AP MLD is disclosed. The exemplary wireless communication method includes: indicating setup of the non-AP MLD, wherein the setup of the non-AP MLD includes a transition delay of switching to a primary channel of a subchannel switching activated link being different from a transition delay of switching to a non-primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link; and during a period in which a set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under a cross-link transmission mode, switching radio of the subchannel switching activated link between the primary channel and the non-primary channel, wherein the subchannel switching activated link is one of multiple links enabled between the non-AP MLD and an AP MLD, and belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode.
[0010] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an exemplary non-AP MLD is disclosed. The non-AP MLD includes a network interface circuit and a control circuit. The control circuit is arranged to generate a frame, and instruct the network interface circuit to send the frame to an AP MLD, wherein the frame includes information indicative of setup of the non-AP MLD, the setup of the non-AP MLD includes a per-link subchannel switching operation mode. The control circuit is further arranged to control radio of a first link that is indicated as a subchannel switching deactivated link to perform no subchannel switching on the first link during a period in which a set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under a cross-link transmission mode, wherein the first link is one of multiple links enabled between the non-AP MLD and the AP MLD, and belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode.
[0011] These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system that supports the proposed non-AP MLD setup indication design according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an EMLSR operation for a single-radio non-AP MLD with links that support subchannel switching according to an embodiment of the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims, which refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, electronic equipment manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not in function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to ... " . Also, the term "couple" is intended to mean either an indirect or direct electrical connection. Accordingly, if one device is coupled to another device, that connection may be through a direct electrical connection, or through an indirect electrical connection via other devices and connections.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system that supports the proposed non-AP MLD setup indication design according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless communication system 100 includes a plurality of wireless communication devices 102 and 104. For example, the wireless communication system 200 is a Wi-Fi system, including an AP MLD (which owns multiple links working on different bands and capable of operating at the same time) and a non-AP MLD (which owns multiple links working on different bands and capable of operating at the same time) . In one embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication device 104 may be an AP MLD with multiple affiliated APs, and the wireless communication device 102 may be a non-AP MLD with multiple affiliated non-AP STAs. The wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 is associated to the wireless communication device (e.g., AP MLD) 104. In addition, there are multiple links L1-LN (N≥2) enabled between the wireless communication devices 102 and 104. For brevity and simplicity, only two wireless communication devices 102 and 104 are shown in FIG. 1. In practice, the wireless communication system 100 is allowed to have more than two wireless communication devices, including an AP MLD and more than one non-AP MLD in the same basic service set (BSS) .
[0015] The wireless communication devices 102 and 104 may have the same or similar circuit structure. As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication device 102 includes a processor 112, a memory 114, a control circuit 116, and a network interface circuit 117, where the network interface circuit 117 includes a transmitter (TX) circuit 118 and a receiver (RX) circuit 120. The memory 114 is arranged to store a program code. The processor 112 is arranged to load and execute the program code to manage the wireless communication device 102. The control circuit 116 is arranged to control wireless communications with the wireless communication device 104. In a case where the wireless communication device 102 is a non-AP MLD and the wireless communication device 104 is an AP MLD, the control circuit 116 controls the TX circuit 118 of the network interface circuit 117 to deal with uplink (UL) traffic between AP MLD and non-AP MLD, and controls the RX circuit 120 of the network interface circuit 117 to deal with downlink (DL) traffic between AP MLD and non-AP MLD.
[0016] The wireless communication device 104 includes a processor 122, a memory 124, a control circuit 126, and a network interface circuit 127, where the network interface circuit 127 includes a TX circuit 128 and an RX circuit 130. The memory 124 is arranged to store a program code. The processor 122 is arranged to load and execute the program code to manage the wireless communication device 104. The control circuit 126 is arranged to control wireless communications with the wireless communication device 102. In a case where the wireless communication device 102 is a non-AP MLD and the wireless communication device 104 is an AP MLD, the control circuit 126 controls the TX circuit 128 of the network interface circuit 127 to deal with DL traffic between AP MLD and non-AP MLD, and controls the RX circuit 130 of the network interface circuit 127 to deal with UL traffic between AP MLD and non-AP MLD.
[0017] It should be noted that only the components pertinent to the present invention are illustrated in FIG. 1. In practice, the wireless communication device 102 may include additional components to achieve designated functions, and / or the wireless communication device 104 may include additional components to achieve designated functions.
[0018] There are multiple links L1-LN (N≥2) enabled between the wireless communication devices 102 and 104. Regarding the network interface circuit 117, the TX circuit 118 may include multiple transmitters (i.e., TX chains) , and the RX circuit 120 may include multiple receivers (i.e., RX chains) . Regarding the network interface circuit 127, the TX circuit 228 may include multiple transmitters (i.e., TX chains) , and the RX circuit 130 may include multiple receivers (i.e., RX chains) . In this embodiment, the wireless communication device 102 may be a single-radio non-AP MLD that supports a cross-link transmission mode such as an EMLSR mode, and may have a set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode such as the EMLSR mode, where the set of links belongs to the links L1-LN enabled between the wireless communication devices 102 and 104. In addition, at least a portion (i.e., part or all) of the links L1-LN (e.g., EMLSR links) may have subchannel switching (e.g., NPCA and / or DSO) operation mode.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an EMLSR operation for a single-radio non-AP MLD with links that support subchannel switching according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the wireless communication device 102 may be a single-radio non-AP MLD 202, and the wireless communication device 104 may be a dual-radio AP MLD 204. It should be noted that the single-radio non-AP MLD 202 and the dual-radio AP MLD 204 shown in FIG. 2 are for illustrative purposes only, and are not meant to be limitations of the present invention. The network interface circuit 117 listens to two EMLSR links (e.g., L1=CH1) and CH2 (e.g., LN=CH2, where N=2) simultaneously, where one or both of the EMLSR links CH1 and CH2 may support subchannel switching (e.g., NPCA and / or DSO) . Specifically, a 2x2 TX / RX circuit of the network interface circuit 117 may be configured to a 1x1 arrangement to listen to packets on each EMLSR link. The AP MLD 204 (particularly, control circuit 126 shown in FIG. 1) generates an ICF 134 (e.g., MU-RTS) , and transmits the ICF 134 on any idle EMLSR link before an FES, where the ICF 134 indicates to the non-AP MLD 202 which EMLSR link will be used for the upcoming data transmission. For example, the follow-up FES is performed on an EMLSR link on which the ICF 134 was received. Upon reception of the ICF 134, the non-AP MLD 202 responds with an initial control response (e.g., CTS) . The FES follows the response from the non-AP MLD 202. The follow-up FES is usually with higher RX operation mode (e.g., higher number of spatial streams (NSS) ) . Hence, the radio of another EMLSR link can be switched to the EMLSR link (which receives the ICF 134) to form a 2x2 arrangement. In a case where the ICF 134 is received on the EMLSR link CH1, the 1x1 radio of the other EMLSR link CH2 is switched to the EMLSR link CH1 to form a 2x2 arrangement for data reception of the FES on the EMLSR link CH1. In another case where the ICF 134 is received on the EMLSR link CH2, the 1x1 radio of the other EMLSR link CH1 is switched to the EMLSR link CH2 to form a 2x2 arrangement for data reception of the FES on the EMLSR link CH2.
[0020] In this embodiment, one or both of the EMLSR links CH1 and CH2 may support NPCA and / or DSO. Consider a case where an EMLSR link supports NPCA. For the EMLSR link where the primary channel P160 is occupied by overlapping BSS (OBSS) traffic, the radio of the non-AP MLD needs to switch to a designated non-primary (secondary) channel S160 to continue monitoring the ICF from the AP MLD. When an ICF is received, the radio on another EMLSR link has to switch to the non-primary (secondary) channel of the link on which the ICF is received to receive follow-up DL traffic. For RF radio, the operating center frequency / RF filter bandwidth of the non-primary (secondary) channel may be different from the primary channel.
[0021] Consider another case where an EMLSR link supports DSO. For the EMLSR link that receives an ICF (or multiple ICFs) , the ICF may instruct the radio to switch to the non-primary (secondary) channel for upcoming trigger frames or DL traffic during the transmission opportunity (TXOP) . On another EMLSR link, the radio of the non-AP STA needs also to switch to the non-primary (secondary) channel of the link on which the ICF is received to support DL traffic receiving with a higher NSS.
[0022] Instead of fully supporting the necessary and fast switching of every possible non-primary (secondary) channel, the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 employs the proposed non-AP MLD setup indication design to achieve a balance between the hardware cost and the throughput performance. In this embodiment, the control circuit 116 of the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 is arranged to generate a frame 132, and instruct the network interface circuit 117 (particularly, TX circuit 118 of network interface circuit 117) to send the frame 132 to the wireless communication device (e.g., AP MLD) 104, wherein the frame 132 includes information (e.g., INF1, INF2, and INF3) indicative of setup of the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102.
[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the information INF1 indicates a per-link subchannel switching operation mode. Hence, the subchannel switching (e.g., NPCA and / or DSO) operation modes of the set of links (e.g., EMLSR links) that belongs to the links L1-LN enabled between the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 and the wireless communication device (e.g., AP MLD) 104 are not set at an MLD level. Instead, the subchannel switching (e.g., NPCA and / or DSO) operation modes of the set of links (e.g., EMLSR links) that belongs to the links L1-LN can be set individually. In other words, not all of the set of links (e.g., EMLSR links) support NPCA and / or DSO. Hence, the set of links (e.g., EMLSR links) may include at least one link that supports NPCA and / or DSO, and may include at least one link that does not support NPCA and / or DSO. During a period in which the set of links of the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 operates under the cross-link transmission mode (e.g., EMLSR mode) , the control circuit 116 controls radio of a first link (e.g., L1) that is indicated as a subchannel switching deactivated link to perform no subchannel switching on the first link (which belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode) , and controls radio of a second link (e.g., LN) that is indicated as a subchannel switching activated link to switch between a primary channel and a non-primary channel of the second link (which belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode) . It should be noted that the support indication may be explicitly indicated by the information INF1 (e.g., an optional operation mode bit) , or may be implicitly indicated by the information INF1 (e.g., other parameters, such as operation band) .
[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the information INF2 indicates transition delays of switching to different subchannels (e.g., primary channel and non-primary channel) . For example, a transition delay of switching to a primary channel of a subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) is different from a transition delay of switching to a non-primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link. For example, the subchannel switching activated link is an EMLSR link on which the ICF 134 is sent by the wireless communication device (e.g., AP MLD) 104, a transition delay (e.g., 32 us) of switching radio of another EMLSR link to a primary channel of the EMLSR link (which receives the ICF 134) is shorter than a transition delay (e.g., 128 us) of switching radio of another EMLSR link to a non-primary channel of the EMLSR link (which receives the ICF 134) . The transition delay parameters used for a NPCA activated EMLSR link may be different from that used for a DCO activated EMLSR link.
[0025] In some cases, a subchannel switching activated link may support one primary channel and more than one non-primary (secondary) channels. For example, a transition delay of switching radio to one non-primary channel of a subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) is different from a transition delay of switching radio to another non-primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) . For another example, a transition delay of switching radio from one non-primary channel of a subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) is different from a transition delay of switching radio from another non-primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) . The transition delay parameters of a switch-to case may be the same as or different from that of a switch-back case, depending upon actual design considerations.
[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the information INF3 indicates RX operation mode on different subchannels (e.g., primary channel and non-primary channel) . For example, RX operation mode on a primary channel of a subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) is different from RX operation mode on a non-primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) . Hence, an EMLSR non-AP STA may choose not to switch extra radio of one EMLSR link to the non-primary channel on another EMLSR link. In a case where the ICF 134 is received on the primary channel of another EMLSR link with NPCA, the EMLSR non-AP STA may switch extra radio to the primary channel on another EMLSR link, thereby enabling a higher NSS (e.g., NSS=2) on the primary channel of another EMLSR link. In another case where the ICF 134 is received on the non-primary channel of another EMLSR link with NPCA, the EMLSR non-AP STA may not switch extra radio to the non-primary channel on another EMLSR link, thereby enabling a lower NSS (e.g., NSS=1) on the non-primary channel of another EMLSR link. It should be the RX operation mode indication may be explicitly indicated by the information INF2 (e.g., capability bit or operation mode parameter) , or may be implicitly indicated by the channel that is switched to.
[0027] In some cases, a subchannel switching activated link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) may support one primary channel and more than one non-primary (secondary) channels. The information INF3 indicates RX operation mode on different subchannels (e.g., multiple non-primary channels) . For example, RX operation mode on one non-primary channel of a subchannel switching activated link is different from RX operation mode on another non-primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link. Furthermore, the RX operation mode of a subset of non-primary channels of a subchannel switching activated link may be the same as or different from RX operation mode of a primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link, depending upon actual design considerations.
[0028] In above embodiments, the cross-link transmission mode may be an EMLSR mode, each link of the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode may be an EMLSR link, at least one link of the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode may be a subchannel switching (e.g., NPCA and / or DSO) activated link, and at least one link of the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode may be a subchannel switching (e.g., NPCA and / or DSO) deactivated link. Consider a case that, during a period in which the set of links of the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 operates under the EMLSR mode, an EMLSR link (e.g., one of links L1-LN) is an NPCA activated link and operating on a non-primary channel due to OBSS traffic on its primary channel. When another EMLSR link receives the ICF 134 during the period in which the set of links of the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 operates under the EMLSR mode, the control circuit 116 instructs the network interface circuit 117 to switch radio of the EMLSR link from the non-primary channel of the EMLSR link to another EMLSR link (which receives the ICF 134 for an FES) .
[0029] In a first exemplary switch-back design, after the FES, the control circuit 116 may instruct the network interface circuit 117 to switch radio of the EMLSR link back to one of the primary channel and the non-primary channel of the EMLSR link according to whether an OBSS net allocation vector (NAV) is received on the primary channel of the EMLSR link.
[0030] In a second exemplary switch-back design, after the FES, the control circuit 116 may instruct the network interface circuit 117 to switch radio of the EMLSR link back to the primary channel of the EMLSR link by default. In other words, the radio of the EMLSR link is always switched back to the primary channel of the EMLSR link.
[0031] In a third exemplary switch-back design, after the FES, the control circuit 116 may instruct the network interface circuit 117 to switch radio of the EMLSR link back to the non-primary channel of the EMLSR link by default. In other words, the radio of the EMLSR link is always switched back to the non-primary channel of the EMLSR link.
[0032] In a fourth exemplary switch-back design, the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 receives a DL frame (labeled by “DLF” ) 136 sent from the wireless communication device (e.g., AP MLD) 104 (or an AP affiliated to the AP MLD) over another EMLSR link (which receives the ICF 134) during the period in which the set of links of the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 operates under the EMLSR mode, where the DLF 136 carries indication that can help the wireless communication device (e.g., non-AP MLD) 102 to choose the subchannel to switch back. After the FES, the control circuit 116 may instruct the network interface circuit 117 to switch radio of the EMLSR link back to one of the primary channel and the non-primary channel of the EMLSR link according to the indication.
[0033] Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method employed by a non-access-point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising:indicating setup of the non-AP MLD, wherein the setup of the non-AP MLD comprises a per-link subchannel switching operation mode; andduring a period in which a set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under a cross-link transmission mode, controlling radio of a first link that is indicated as a subchannel switching deactivated link to perform no subchannel switching on the first link, wherein the first link is one of multiple links enabled between the non-AP MLD and an AP MLD, and belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode.2.The wireless communication method of claim 1, further comprising:during the period in which the set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under the cross-link transmission mode, switching radio of a second link that is indicated as a subchannel switching activated link between a primary channel and a non-primary channel of the second link, wherein the second link is another of the multiple links enabled between the non-AP MLD and the AP MLD, and belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode.3.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the setup of the non-AP MLD further comprises:a transition delay of switching to the primary channel of the second link being different from a transition delay of switching to the non-primary channel of the second link.4.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the setup of the non-AP MLD further comprises:receive (RX) operation mode on the primary channel of the second link being different from RX operation mode on the non-primary channel of the second link.5.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the second link supports a plurality of non-primary channels, and the setup of the non-AP MLD further comprises:receive (RX) operation mode on the non-primary channel of the second link being different from RX operation mode on another non-primary channel of the second link.6.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the second link supports a plurality of non-primary channels, and the setup of the non-AP MLD further comprises:a transition delay of switching to the non-primary channel of the second link being different from a transition delay of switching to another non-primary channel of the second link.7.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the second link supports a plurality of non-primary channels, and the setup of the non-AP MLD further comprises:a transition delay of switching from the non-primary channel of the second link being different from a transition delay of switching from another non-primary channel of the second link.8.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the cross-link transmission mode is an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode, the subchannel switching is non-primary channel access (NPCA) , and the wireless communication method further comprises:during the period in which the set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under the cross-link transmission mode:switching radio of the second link from the non-primary channel of the second link to a different link on which an initial control frame (ICF) for a frame exchange sequence (FES) is received; andafter the FES, switching radio of the second link back to one of the primary channel and the non-primary channel of the second link according to whether an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) net allocation vector (NAV) is received on the primary channel of the second link.9.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the cross-link transmission mode is an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode, the subchannel switching is non-primary channel access (NPCA) , and the wireless communication method further comprises:during the period in which the set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under the cross-link transmission mode:switching radio of the second link from the non-primary channel of the second link to a different link on which an initial control frame (ICF) for a frame exchange sequence (FES) is received; andafter the FES, switching radio of the second link back to the primary channel of the second link by default.10.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the cross-link transmission mode is an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode, the subchannel switching is non-primary channel access (NPCA) , and the wireless communication method further comprises:during the period in which the set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under the cross-link transmission mode:switching radio of the second link from the non-primary channel of the second link to a different link on which an initial control frame (ICF) for a frame exchange sequence (FES) is received; andafter the FES, switching radio of the second link back to the non-primary channel of the second link by default.11.The wireless communication method of claim 2, wherein the cross-link transmission mode is an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode, the subchannel switching is non-primary channel access (NPCA) , and the wireless communication method further comprises:during the period in which the set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under the cross-link transmission mode:switching radio of the second link from the non-primary channel of the second link to a non-primary channel of a different link on which an initial control frame (ICF) for a frame exchange sequence (FES) is received;during the FES, receiving indication sent from an AP affiliated to the AP MLD or the AP MLD through a downlink (DL) frame on the non-primary channel of the different link; andafter the FES, switching radio of the second link back to one of the primary channel and the non-primary channel of the second link according to the indication.12.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the cross-link transmission mode is an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode, and each of the multiple links is an EMLSR link.13.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the subchannel switching is non-primary channel access (NPCA) .14.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the subchannel switching is dynamic subband operation (DSO) .15.A wireless communication method employed by a non-access-point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising:indicating setup of the non-AP MLD, wherein the setup of the non-AP MLD comprises:a transition delay of switching to a primary channel of a subchannel switching activated link being different from a transition delay of switching to a non-primary channel of the subchannel switching activated link; andduring a period in which a set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under a cross-link transmission mode, switching radio of the subchannel switching activated link between the primary channel and the non-primary channel, wherein the subchannel switching activated link is one of multiple links enabled between the non-AP MLD and an AP MLD, and belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode.16.The wireless communication method of claim 15, wherein the cross-link transmission mode is an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode, and each of the multiple links is an EMLSR link.17.The wireless communication method of claim 15, wherein the subchannel switching is non-primary channel access (NPCA) .18.The wireless communication method of claim 15, wherein the subchannel switching is dynamic subband operation (DSO) .19.A non-access-point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising:a network interface circuit; anda control circuit, arranged to generate a frame, and instruct the network interface circuit to send the frame to an AP MLD, wherein the frame comprises information indicative of setup of the non-AP MLD, the setup of the non-AP MLD comprises a per-link subchannel switching operation mode; and further arranged to control radio of a first link that is indicated as a subchannel switching deactivated link to perform no subchannel switching on the first link during a period in which a set of links of the non-AP MLD operates under a cross-link transmission mode, wherein the first link is one of multiple links enabled between the non-AP MLD and the AP MLD, and belongs to the set of links operating under the cross-link transmission mode.20.The non-AP MLD of claim 19, wherein the cross-link transmission mode is an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode; and the subchannel switching is non-primary channel access (NPCA) or dynamic subband operation (DSO) .
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