Photoelectric conversion element, imaging element, production method for imaging element, optical sensor, and compound

Abstract

The present invention provides: a photoelectric conversion element in which the dependency of quantum efficiency on electric field intensity with respect to blue-green light is low; and an imaging element, a production method for the imaging element, an optical sensor, and a compound relating to the photoelectric conversion element. A photoelectric conversion element according to the present invention comprises an electroconductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent electroconductive film, in the stated order, the photoelectric conversion film containing at least one compound expressed by any of formula (1), formula (2a), formula (2b), and formulas (3)-(5).

Description

Photoelectric conversion element, imaging element, imaging element manufacturing method, optical sensor, compound

[0001] The present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element, an imaging element, a method for manufacturing an imaging element, an optical sensor, and a compound.

[0002] In recent years, development of elements having a photoelectric conversion film as an organic electronic device has progressed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a photoelectric conversion element, an imaging element, and an electronic device that contain a compound having a specific structure represented by formula (1) as a photoelectric conversion element that selectively absorbs light in the green wavelength region and has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0003] U.S. Pat. No. 1,140,1289

[0004] On the other hand, with the demand for improved performance of image sensors, optical sensors, and the like, there is a demand for photoelectric conversion elements that exhibit excellent characteristics. One of the characteristics required for a photoelectric conversion element is, for example, a small electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency for blue-green light. In response to this demand, the present inventors fabricated and investigated a photoelectric conversion element using the compound disclosed in Patent Document 1, and found that the electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency for blue-green light needed to be improved. The above-mentioned blue-green light refers to light with a wavelength of 400 to 550 nm.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion element having a quantum efficiency for blue-green light that has a small electric field strength dependency. Another object of the present invention is to provide an imaging element, a manufacturing method for an imaging element, an optical sensor, and a compound related to the photoelectric conversion element.

[0006] As a result of extensive research into solving the above problems, the present inventors have found that the problems can be solved by the following configuration.

[0007] [1] A photoelectric conversion element having a conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent conductive film in this order, wherein the photoelectric conversion film contains at least one compound represented by any one of formula (1), formula (2a), formula (2b), and formulas (3) to (5), which will be described later. [2] The photoelectric conversion element according to [1], wherein the compound satisfies at least one of conditions A to C, which will be described later. [3] R Ｚis a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. [4] The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the compound is a compound represented by any one of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and formula (5-1) described later. [5] The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the compound is a compound represented by formula (5-1a) described later. [6] The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the group represented by formula (Y-1) is a group represented by formula (C-1) described later or a group represented by formula (C-2) described later. [7] The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the photoelectric conversion film further contains an n-type organic semiconductor, and wherein the photoelectric conversion film has a bulk heterostructure formed by mixing the compound and the n-type organic semiconductor. [8] The photoelectric conversion element according to [7], wherein the n-type organic semiconductor contains a fullerene selected from the group consisting of fullerenes and derivatives thereof. [9] The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the photoelectric conversion film further contains a dye.

[10] The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the photoelectric conversion film further contains a p-type organic semiconductor.

[11] The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to

[10] , wherein one or more intermediate layers are provided between the conductive film and the transparent conductive film in addition to the photoelectric conversion film.

[12] An imaging element comprising the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to

[11] .

[13] An optical sensor having the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to

[11] .

[14] A method for manufacturing an imaging element, comprising a step of manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of [1] to

[11] .

[15] A compound represented by any one of formula (1), formula (2a), formula (2b), and formulas (3) to (5) described later.

[16] The compound according to

[15] , which satisfies at least one of conditions A to C described later.

[17] R Ｚis a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.

[18] The compound according to any one of

[15] to

[17] , wherein the compound is a compound represented by any one of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (5-1) described below.

[19] The compound according to any one of

[15] to

[18] , wherein the compound is a compound represented by formula (5-1a) described below.

[20] The compound according to any one of

[15] to

[19] , wherein the group represented by formula (Y-1) is a group represented by formula (C-1) described below or a group represented by formula (C-2) described below.

[0008] According to the present invention, a photoelectric conversion element having a quantum efficiency for blue-green light that has little dependence on electric field strength can be provided. The present invention also provides an imaging element, a method for manufacturing an imaging element, an optical sensor, and a compound related to the photoelectric conversion element.

[0009] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the configuration of a photoelectric conversion element.

[0010] The present invention will be described in detail below. The following description of the components may be based on representative embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.

[0011] The meaning of each description in this specification is as follows. In this specification, a numerical range expressed using "to" means a range that includes the numerical values ​​written before and after "to" as the lower and upper limits. In this specification, a hydrogen atom may be a protist atom (a normal hydrogen atom) or a deuterium atom (for example, a deuterium atom, etc.).

[0012] In this specification, with respect to compounds that may have geometric isomers (cis-trans isomers), the general formula or structural formula representing the compound may be described in only one of the cis and trans forms for convenience. Even in such cases, unless otherwise specified, the form of the compound is not limited to either the cis or trans form, and the compound may be in either the cis or trans form.

[0013] In this specification, with respect to a compound having an asymmetric atom, the general formula or structural formula representing the compound may be described without distinguishing between stereoisomers for convenience. Even in such a case, unless otherwise specified, the form of the compound is not limited to any one form, and may be any one form or a mixture. For example, unless otherwise specified, a compound having an asymmetric carbon atom may be either an S-form or an R-form, or a mixture thereof.

[0014] Furthermore, in this specification, with respect to a compound or structure having a resonance structure, the general formula or structural formula representing the compound may be described as only one resonance structural formula for convenience. Even in such cases, unless otherwise specified, the compound and structure also include those represented by other resonance structural formulas that the compound and structure can take, as long as they are consistent as a whole molecule.

[0015] In this specification, unless otherwise specified, * in a formula represents a bonding position. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, when there are two or more bonding positions represented by * in a formula, the bonding direction is not particularly limited. For example, in a compound represented by the formula "X-Y-Z", when Y is a group represented by *-A-B-*, the compound may be either "X-A-B-Z" or "X-B-A-Z".

[0016] In this specification, the double bond between a carbon atom marked with *1 and a carbon atom marked with *2 represents a fused ring position. The direction in which the rings are fused to each other is not particularly limited, and for example, the compound represented by formula (2a) may have any of the following structures. The same applies to the compounds represented by formula (1), formula (2b), and any of formulas (3) to (5).

[0017]

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, the bonding direction of a divalent group (e.g., -CO-O-) represented in this specification is not limited. For example, when Y is -CO-O- in a compound represented by the formula "X-Y-Z," the compound may be either "X-O-CO-Z" or "X-CO-O-Z."

[0019] In this specification, when there are multiple substituents, linking groups, etc. (hereinafter also referred to as "substituents, etc.") represented by specific symbols, or when multiple substituents, etc. are specified at the same time, it means that the respective substituents, etc. may be the same or different from each other. This also applies to the specification of the number of substituents, etc. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, "substituents" include, for example, groups exemplified as the substituent W described below.

[0020] (Substituent W) The substituent W in this specification will be described. Examples of the substituent W include a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, etc.), an alkyl group (including a cycloalkyl group, a bicycloalkyl group, and a tricycloalkyl group), an alkenyl group (including a cycloalkenyl group and a bicycloalkenyl group), an alkynyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group (a heteroaryl group, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group), a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a silyl group, a silyloxy group, a heterocyclic oxy group, an acyloxy group, a carbamoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryl ... Examples of the substituent W include an alkyloxy group, a primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group (including an anilino group), an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, an alkyl or arylsulfinyl group, an alkyl or arylsulfonyl group, an acyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl or heterocyclic azo group, an imido group, a phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphinyloxy group, a phosphinylamino group, a phosphono group, a carboxy group, a phosphate group, a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an acylamino group, a carbamoyl group, a ureido group, and a boronic acid group. Furthermore, each of the above groups may further have a substituent (e.g., one or more of the above groups, etc.), if possible. For example, an alkyl group which may have a substituent is also included as one form of the substituent W. Furthermore, when the substituent W has a carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms contained in the substituent W is, for example, 1 to 20. The number of atoms other than hydrogen atoms contained in the substituent W is, for example, 1 to 30. The compounds described below may have, as substituents, a carboxy group, a salt of a carboxy group, a salt of a phosphate group, a sulfonic acid group, a salt of a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an acylamino group, a carbamoyl group, a ureido group, a boronic acid group (-B(OH) ２ ) and / or has no primary amino groups.

[0021] In this specification, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group. Furthermore, in this specification, unless otherwise specified, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and even more preferably 1 to 6. The alkyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-hexyl group, a cyclopropyl group, and a cyclopentyl group. Furthermore, the alkyl group may be a cycloalkyl group, a bicycloalkyl group, or a tricycloalkyl group, and may have these ring structures as partial structures. In the alkyl group that may have a substituent, examples of the substituent that the alkyl group may have include the groups exemplified for the substituent W. Of these, an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6 carbon atoms), a heteroaryl group (preferably having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably having 4 to 6 carbon atoms), or a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom) is preferred.

[0022] In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the alkyl group moiety in the alkoxy group is preferably the above-mentioned alkyl group. The alkyl group moiety in the alkylthio group is preferably the above-mentioned alkyl group. In the alkoxy group which may have a substituent, examples of the substituent that the alkoxy group may have include the same as the substituent in the alkyl group which may have a substituent. In the alkylthio group which may have a substituent, examples of the substituent that the alkylthio group may have include the same as the substituent in the alkyl group which may have a substituent.

[0023] In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the alkenyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is preferably 2 to 20. In the alkenyl group which may have a substituent, examples of the substituent that the alkenyl group may have include the same as the substituents in the alkyl group which may have a substituent. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the alkynyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is preferably 2 to 20. In the alkynyl group which may have a substituent, examples of the substituent that the alkynyl group may have include the same as the substituents in the alkyl group which may have a substituent.

[0024] In this specification, unless otherwise specified, an aromatic ring or an aromatic ring constituting an aromatic ring group may be either a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic ring (e.g., 2 to 6 rings, etc.). A monocyclic aromatic ring is an aromatic ring having only one aromatic ring structure as a ring structure. A polycyclic (e.g., 2 to 6 rings, etc.) aromatic ring is an aromatic ring having a plurality of (e.g., 2 to 6, etc.) condensed aromatic ring structures as a ring structure. The number of ring members in the aromatic ring is preferably 5 to 15. The aromatic ring may be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring. When the aromatic ring is an aromatic heterocyclic ring, the number of heteroatoms contained as ring member atoms is, for example, 1 to 10. Examples of the heteroatom include a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom, a tellurium atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, and a boron atom. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a pyrene ring, a phenanthrene ring, and a fluorene ring.Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrazine ring, a triazine ring (e.g., a 1,2,3-triazine ring, a 1,2,4-triazine ring, and a 1,3,5-triazine ring), a tetrazine ring (e.g., a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine ring), a quinoxaline ring, a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an indole ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a benzimidazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, a benzothiazole ring, a naphthopyrrole ring, a naphthofuran ring, a naphthothiophene ring, a naphthoimidazole ring, a naphthoxazole ring, a pyrroloimidazole ring (e.g., a 5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole ring), an imidazooxazole ring (e.g., an imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole ring), Thienothiazole rings (for example, thieno[2,3-d]thiazole rings, etc.), benzothiadiazole rings, benzodithiophene rings (for example, benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene rings, etc.), thienothiophene rings (for example, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene rings, etc.), thiazolothiazole rings (for example, thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole rings, etc.), naphthodithiophene rings (for example, naphtho[2,3 [2,1-b:6,7-b']dithiophene ring, naphtho[2,1-b:6,5-b']dithiophene ring, naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene ring, 1,8-dithiadicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene ring, etc.), benzothienobenzothiophene ring, dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene ring, and 3,4,7,8-tetrathiadicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene ring.

[0025] As used herein, the term "aromatic ring group" includes, for example, a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms (e.g., 1 to 5) from the above-mentioned aromatic ring. As used herein, the term "aryl group" includes, for example, a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a ring corresponding to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring among the above-mentioned aromatic rings. As used herein, the term "heteroaryl group" includes, for example, a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a ring corresponding to an aromatic heterocycle among the above-mentioned aromatic rings. As used herein, the term "arylene group" includes, for example, a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a ring corresponding to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring among the above-mentioned aromatic rings. As used herein, the term "heteroarylene group" includes, for example, a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a ring corresponding to an aromatic heterocycle among the above-mentioned aromatic rings. In the optionally substituted aromatic ring, optionally substituted aromatic ring group, optionally substituted aryl group, optionally substituted heteroaryl group, optionally substituted arylene group, and optionally substituted heteroarylene group, the types of substituents that these may have include, for example, the groups exemplified for the substituent W. When these groups which may have a substituent have a substituent, the number of the substituents may be one or more (for example, 1 to 4, etc.).

[0026] As used herein, the term "non-aromatic ring" refers to a ring structure that is not aromatic, and examples thereof include an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring and an aliphatic heterocycle. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon ring include cycloalkane, cycloalkene, and cycloalkyne. As used herein, the term "aliphatic heterocyclic group" refers to, for example, a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aliphatic heterocycle. As used herein, the number of ring members in the aliphatic heterocyclic group is preferably 5 to 20, more preferably 5 to 12, and even more preferably 6 to 8. Examples of heteroatoms contained in the aliphatic heterocyclic group include a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a selenium atom, a tellurium atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, and a boron atom, with a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogen atom being preferred. Examples of the aliphatic heterocycle constituting the aliphatic heterocyclic group include a pyrrolidine ring, an oxolane ring (tetrahydrofuran ring), a thiolane ring, a piperidine ring, a tetrahydropyran ring, a thiane ring (pentamethylene sulfide ring), a piperazine ring, a morpholine ring, a quinuclidine ring, an azetidine ring, an oxetane ring, an aziridine ring, a dioxane ring, and a γ-butyrolactone ring.

[0027] [Photoelectric Conversion Element] The photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a photoelectric conversion element having a conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent conductive film in this order, and the photoelectric conversion film contains at least one compound represented by any one of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (3) to (5) (hereinafter also referred to as a "specific compound").

[0028] Although the reason why the photoelectric conversion element having the above configuration can solve the problems of the present invention is not entirely clear, the inventors speculate as follows. The following speculation does not limit the mechanism by which the effect is obtained. In other words, even if the effect is obtained by a mechanism other than the one described below, it is still within the scope of the present invention. The specific compound is a so-called DA-type dye compound having a donor moiety (D) and an acceptor moiety (A). Because the specific compound has a predetermined donor structure and acceptor structure, excessive aggregation between the specific compounds and carrier trapping due to local dipoles are suppressed in the photoelectric conversion film. As a result, efficient charge separation can be achieved even at low electric field strength, and carriers can move efficiently, which is thought to reduce the electric field strength dependence of the quantum efficiency. Hereinafter, the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention having a smaller electric field strength dependence of the quantum efficiency for blue-green light is also referred to as having "superior effects of the present invention."

[0029] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention. The photoelectric conversion element 10a shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration in which a conductive film (hereinafter also referred to as the "lower electrode") 11 functioning as a lower electrode, an electron blocking film 16A, a photoelectric conversion film 12 containing a specific compound, and a transparent conductive film (hereinafter also referred to as the "upper electrode") 15 functioning as an upper electrode are stacked in this order. FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of another photoelectric conversion element. The photoelectric conversion element 10b shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration in which an electron blocking film 16A, a photoelectric conversion film 12, a hole blocking film 16B, and an upper electrode 15 are stacked in this order on a lower electrode 11. Note that the stacking order of the electron blocking film 16A, the photoelectric conversion film 12, and the hole blocking film 16B in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be changed as appropriate depending on the application and characteristics.

[0030] In the photoelectric conversion element 10a (or 10b), it is preferable that light is incident on the photoelectric conversion film 12 through the upper electrode 15. When the photoelectric conversion element 10a (or 10b) is used, a voltage can be applied. In this case, the lower electrode 11 and the upper electrode 15 form a pair of electrodes, and a voltage of 1×10 is applied between the pair of electrodes. －５ ~1 x 10 ７In terms of performance and power consumption, it is preferable to apply a voltage of 1×10 V / cm. －４ ~1 x 10 ７ V / cm is more preferable, and 1×10 －３ ~5 x 10 ６ V / cm is more preferable. Regarding the voltage application method, it is preferable to apply the voltage so that the electron blocking film 16A side serves as the cathode and the photoelectric conversion film 12 side serves as the anode in FIGS. 1 and 2. When the photoelectric conversion element 10a (or 10b) is used as a photosensor or incorporated into an imaging element, a voltage can be applied in a similar manner. As will be described in detail later, the photoelectric conversion element 10a (or 10b) can be suitably used as an imaging element. The configuration of each layer constituting the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0031] [Photoelectric Conversion Film] The photoelectric conversion element has a photoelectric conversion film.

[0032] <Specific Compound> The photoelectric conversion film contains a compound represented by any one of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (3) to (5).

[0033]

[0034] Compound represented by formula (1): In formula (1), one of A and B is -CR ２ and the other represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or —NR—. R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. One of A and B is —CR ２ Preferably, the other represents an oxygen atom or —NR—, and more preferably the other represents an oxygen atom. ２In -, it is preferable that at least one of the two R is a substituent, and it is more preferable that both of the two R are substituents. Examples of the substituent represented by R include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned substituent W, and among them, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent is preferred, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent is more preferred. Examples of the substituent that the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group may have include the groups exemplified by the above-mentioned substituent W. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group are the same as the specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group exemplified in the substituent group S described below.

[0035] In formula (1), C1 represents a ring represented by formula (C1-1) or formula (C1-2).

[0036]

[0037] In formula (C1-1), X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ In formula (C1-1), X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ - is preferred, and an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom is more preferred. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５R each independently preferably represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, more preferably represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, and even more preferably represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group are the same as the specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group exemplified in the substituent group S described below. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ The substituent represented by the formula: is an azo group, —NR Ｎ ２ It is also preferable that R does not contain any of the groups represented by formula (N) and -CH=Y. Ｎ and Y will be described in detail later.

[0038] R Ｘ２ Comrade, R Ｘ３ Peers and R Ｘ４ They may be bonded to each other to form a ring which may have a substituent. The ring may be either an aromatic ring or a non-aromatic ring, but is preferably a non-aromatic ring, more preferably an alicyclic structure, and even more preferably an alicyclic structure having 5 or 6 carbon atoms.

[0039] In formula (C1-1) and formula (C1-2), each Z independently represents ═CR Ｚ Z represents - or a nitrogen atom. Ｚ - is preferred. Ｚ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent Z. The substituent Z is an azo group (—N═N—), —NR Ｎ ２ , a group represented by formula (N), and a substituent not containing —CH═Y.

[0040] The substituent is an azo group, —NR Ｎ ２ "Not containing any of the groups represented by formula (N) and -CH=Y" means that the substituents do not contain any of the above groups as part or all of the substituents. More specifically, "not containing an azo group" means that the substituents do not contain a divalent linking group represented by -N=N-. Ｎ ２does not contain is a substituent -NR Ｎ ２ is a group different from —NR Ｎ ２ The same applies to the case where the substituent does not include a group represented by formula (N) and the case where the substituent does not include a group represented by -CH=Y.

[0041] -NR Ｎ ２ Medium, R Ｎ R each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｎ Examples of the substituent represented by the formula (Y-1) include the groups exemplified above for the substituent W. Y represents a group represented by the formula (Y-1) described below.

[0042] Formula (N) is shown below.

[0043]

[0044] In formula (N), C Ｎ represents a ring containing a nitrogen atom. Ｎ The nitrogen atom contained in is the nitrogen atom clearly shown in formula (N). Ｎ The ring represented by C may be either a monocyclic ring or a polycyclic ring, and may be either an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring. Ｎ The number of ring members of the ring represented by formula (N) is, for example, 5 to 15. Ｎ２ R each independently represents a substituent. Ｎ２ Examples of the substituent represented by the formula (I) include the groups exemplified for the substituent W. m represents an integer of 0 or more. Examples of m include integers of 0 to 5. R Ｎ２ If there are two or more, R Ｎ２ R may be bonded to each other to form a ring which may have a substituent. Ｎ２ The ring that may be formed by bonding together may be either an aromatic ring or a non-aromatic ring. Examples of the group represented by formula (N) include a carbazole ring group, a pyrrole ring group, a piperidine ring group, and an indole ring group.

[0045] R Ｚis preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the following substituent group S, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the following substituent group T, and even more preferably an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent. Substituent group S: an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a group formed by combining an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, an acyl group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom, and a silyl group. Substituent group T: an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom, and a silyl group. In substituent group S and substituent group T, examples of the substituents which the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group may have include the groups exemplified above for substituent W. Each of the groups exemplified in substituent group S and substituent group T will be described in detail below.

[0046] In the substituent groups S and T, the aromatic ring group in the aromatic ring group which may have a substituent may be either an aromatic hydrocarbon group (aryl group) or an aromatic heterocyclic group (heteroaryl group), with an aryl group being preferred. The aromatic ring group may be either a monocyclic or polycyclic ring. The number of ring members in the aromatic ring group is preferably 5 to 15, more preferably 5 to 10, and even more preferably 5 to 6. The number of carbon atoms in the aromatic ring group (the number of carbon atoms including the carbon atoms in the substituent) is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 3 to 20, and even more preferably 4 to 12. Examples of heteroatoms in the aromatic heterocyclic group include a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a selenium atom, a tellurium atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, and a boron atom, with a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogen atom being preferred. Specific examples of the aromatic ring group are as described above, and are preferably a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a thiophene ring group, a furan ring group, a thiazole ring group, an oxazole ring group, a benzofuran ring group, a benzothiophene ring group, a thienothiophene ring group, a quinoxaline ring group, a pyridine ring group, or a pyrimidine ring group, more preferably a phenyl group or a thiophene ring group, and even more preferably a phenyl group. The aromatic ring group may have a substituent. The number of substituents that the aromatic ring group may have is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3. Among these, the substituent that the aromatic ring group may have is preferably a cyano group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a silyl group, or a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom, and more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a silyl group, or a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom.

[0047] In the substituent groups S and T, examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent include a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6, and even more preferably 1 to 3. The branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 7, and even more preferably 3 to 5. The cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic, but is preferably monocyclic. The cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8, and even more preferably 3 to 6.

[0048] Examples of the group formed by combining an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent include an arylethenyl group, a heteroarylethenyl group, an arylethynyl group, and a heteroarylethynyl group, and among these, an arylethenyl group is more preferred, and a phenylvinylene group is even more preferred. In each of the groups exemplified above, specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are as described in detail for the aromatic ring group in the substituent group S.

[0049] In the substituent group S and the substituent group T, the number of ring members in the aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent is preferably 5 to 20, more preferably 5 to 12, and still more preferably 5 to 8. The number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group is preferably 1 to 20. Examples of heteroatoms contained in the aliphatic heterocyclic group include a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a selenium atom, a tellurium atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, and a boron atom, and a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogen atom is preferred.

[0050] In the substituent group S, the number of carbon atoms in the acyl group is preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10, and still more preferably 2 to 5. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and still more preferably 1 to 5.

[0051] In the substituent groups S and T, examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferred.

[0052] In the substituent group S and the substituent group T, the silyl group includes —Si(R Ｓｉ１ ) ３ Examples of the group include a group represented by the following formula: Ｓｉ１ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent which the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group may have include the groups exemplified for the substituent W. Ｓｉ１ The optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the optionally substituted aromatic ring group, and the optionally substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group represented by the following formula (I) have the same meaning as the optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the optionally substituted aromatic ring group, and the optionally substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group in the substituent group S. Ｓｉ１ Among these, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.

[0053] In the above formula (1), C2 represents a ring represented by formula (C2-1) or formula (C2-2).

[0054]

[0055] In formula (C2-1), X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ In formula (C2-1), X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ - is preferred, and an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom is more preferred. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５The preferred range is as described above.

[0056] In formula (C2-1) and formula (C2-2), each Z independently represents ═CR Ｚ Z represents - or a nitrogen atom. Ｚ - is preferred. Ｚ represents a hydrogen atom or the above-described substituent Z. In formulas (C2-1) and (C2-2), Z is preferably ═CH—. In formulas (C2-1) and (C2-2), Y represents a group represented by formula (Y-1).

[0057]

[0058] In formula (Y-1), C Ｙ represents a ring containing two or more carbon atoms and which may have a substituent. Ｙ The two carbon atoms contained in are the two carbon atoms specified in formula (Y-1). The number of carbon atoms in the ring is preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 3 to 20, and even more preferably 3 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the ring is the number including the two carbon atoms specified in the formula. The ring may be either an aromatic ring or a non-aromatic ring. The ring may be either a monocyclic or polycyclic ring, and is preferably a 5-membered ring, a 6-membered ring, or a fused ring containing at least one of a 5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring. The number of carbon atoms in the fused ring containing at least one of a 5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring is preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 6 to 15, and even more preferably 8 to 10.

[0059] The ring may have a heteroatom. Examples of the heteroatom include a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom, a tellurium atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, and a boron atom, and a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or an oxygen atom is preferred. The number of heteroatoms in the ring is preferably 0 to 10, and more preferably 0 to 5. ＹAmong the carbon atoms constituting the ring represented by the formula (Y-1), carbon atoms other than the carbon atom at the bonding position marked with * in formula (Y-1) and the carbon atom bonded to Q may be carbonyl carbons or thiocarbonyl carbons. However, when Q in formula (Y-1) is an oxygen atom, the atom located at the α-position of the carbonyl group represented by >C=Q is an atom other than the carbonyl carbon. Note that the term "carbonyl carbon" refers to a carbon atom in a carbonyl group (>C=O), and the term "thiocarbonyl carbon" refers to a carbon atom in a thiocarbonyl group (>C=S).

[0060] In the above formula (Y-1), Q represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｑ１ , or =CR Ｑ２ R Ｑ３ Q is preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, more preferably an oxygen atom, in that the effects of the present invention are more excellent. Ｑ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the substituents exemplified above for the substituent W. Ｑ２ and R Ｑ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｑ４ , -COOR Ｑ５ , or -COR Ｑ６ Represents R Ｑ４ ~R Ｑ６ R each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. The definition of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is as described above, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferred. The definition of the aromatic ring group is as described above, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferred, and a phenyl group is more preferred. The definition of the aliphatic heterocyclic group is as described above, and the heteroatom contained in the aliphatic heterocyclic group is preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom. R Ｑ４ ~R Ｑ６ Examples of the substituent that each group represented by the following formula may have include the substituents exemplified for the substituent W above.

[0061] Above C ＹThe ring represented by the formula (I) is preferably a ring used as an acidic nucleus (for example, the acidic nucleus in a merocyanine dye), and examples thereof include the following nuclei: (a) 1,3-dicarbonyl nucleus: for example, a 1,3-indandione nucleus, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, and 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione; (b) pyrazolinone nucleus: for example, 1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, and 1-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one; (c) isoxazolinone nucleus: for example, 3-phenyl-2-isoxazolin-5-one and 3-methyl-2-isoxazolin-5-one; (d) oxindole nucleus: for example, 1-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-2-oxindole; (e) 2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidine nucleus: for example, barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, and derivatives thereof. Examples of the derivatives include 1-alkyl compounds such as 1-methyl and 1-ethyl, 1,3-dialkyl compounds such as 1,3-dimethyl, 1,3-diethyl, and 1,3-dibutyl, 1,3-diaryl compounds such as 1,3-diphenyl, 1,3-di(p-chlorophenyl), and 1,3-di(p-ethoxycarbonylphenyl), 1-alkyl-1-aryl compounds such as 1-ethyl-3-phenyl, and 1,3-diheteroaryl compounds such as 1,3-di(2-pyridyl). (f) 2-thio-2,4-thiazolidinedione nucleus: for example, rhodanine and derivatives thereof. Examples of the derivatives include 3-alkylrhodanines such as 3-methylrhodanine, 3-ethylrhodanine, and 3-allylrhodanine, 3-arylrhodanines such as 3-phenylrhodanine, and 3-heteroarylrhodanines such as 3-(2-pyridyl)rhodanine. (g) 2-thio-2,4-oxazolidinedione nucleus (2-thio-2,4-(3H,5H)-oxazoledione nucleus): for example, 3-ethyl-2-thio-2,4-oxazolidinedione. (h) thianaphthenone nucleus: for example, 3(2H)-thianaphthenone-1,1-dioxide. (i) 2-thio-2,5-thiazolidinedione nucleus: for example, 3-ethyl-2-thio-2,5-thiazolidinedione.(j) 2,4-thiazolidinedione nucleus: for example, 2,4-thiazolidinedione, 3-ethyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione, and 3-phenyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione. (k) thiazolin-4-one nucleus: for example, 4-thiazolinone and 2-ethyl-4-thiazolinone. (l) 2,4-imidazolidinedione (hydantoin) nucleus: for example, 2,4-imidazolidinedione and 3-ethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione. (m) 2-thio-2,4-imidazolidinedione (2-thiohydantoin) nucleus: for example, 2-thio-2,4-imidazolidinedione and 3-ethyl-2-thio-2,4-imidazolidinedione. (n) Imidazolin-5-one nucleus: for example, 2-propylmercapto-2-imidazolin-5-one, etc. (o) 3,5-pyrazolidinedione nucleus: for example, 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione and 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione, etc. (p) Benzothiophen-3(2H)-one nucleus: for example, benzothiophen-3(2H)-one, oxobenzothiophen-3(2H)-one, and dioxobenzothiophen-3(2H)-one, etc. (q) Indanone nucleus: for example, 1-indanone, 3-phenyl-1-indanone, 3-methyl-1-indanone, 3,3-diphenyl-1-indanone, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-indanone, etc. (r) Benzofuran-3-(2H)-one nucleus: for example, benzofuran-3-(2H)-one, etc. (s) 2,2-dihydrophenalene-1,3-dione nucleus, etc.

[0062] In terms of achieving better effects of the present invention, the group represented by formula (Y-1) is preferably a group represented by formula (C-1) or a group represented by formula (C-2).

[0063]

[0064] In formula (C-1), X ｃ１ and X ｃ２ each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｃ１ or =CR Ｃ２ R Ｃ３ The effect of the present invention is more excellent, and therefore, X ｃ１ and X ｃ２Preferably, at least one of X is an oxygen atom, ｃ１ and X ｃ２ It is more preferable that R is an oxygen atom. Ｃ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the substituents exemplified above for the substituent W. Ｃ２ and R Ｃ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｃ４ , -COOR Ｃ５ , or -COR Ｃ６ Represents R Ｃ４ ~R Ｃ６ R each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Ｃ４ ~R Ｃ６ The definitions and preferred embodiments of each group represented by R Ｑ４ ~R Ｑ６ Among these, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group is preferred.

[0065] In formula (C-1), C ６ represents an aromatic ring which may have a substituent. The aromatic ring may be either a monocyclic or polycyclic ring, but a monocyclic ring is preferred. The number of ring members in the aromatic ring is preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 12, and even more preferably 5 to 8. The number of ring members in the aromatic ring is the number including the two carbon atoms specified in the formula. The aromatic ring may be either an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, but an aromatic hydrocarbon ring is preferred. C ６The aromatic ring represented by the formula (I) is preferably a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a pyrene ring, a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a thiazole ring, an oxazole ring, a pyridine ring, a thienothiophene ring, a benzothiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a thienothiophene ring, or a pyridazine ring, more preferably a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, or a thiophene ring, and even more preferably a benzene ring. Examples of the substituent that the aromatic ring may have include the groups exemplified by the substituent W, and an alkyl group or a halogen atom is preferred. The number of substituents that the aromatic ring may have is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 8, and more preferably 0 to 4.

[0066] In the above formula (C-2), X ｃ３ ~X ｃ５ each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR ＣＹ or =CR Ｃ２ R Ｃ３ The effect of the present invention is more excellent, and therefore, X ｃ３ and X ｃ４ is preferably an oxygen atom, and X ｃ３ ~X ｃ５ It is more preferable that R is an oxygen atom. Ｃ１ ~R Ｃ３ The definition and preferred embodiments of are as described above.

[0067] In the above formula (C-2), Z ｃ１ and Z ｃ２ are each independently -NR Ｃ７ -or-CR Ｃ８ ２ represents -, and R Ｃ７ and R Ｃ８each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the groups exemplified by the substituent W above, with an alkyl group or an aryl group being preferred, and an alkyl group being more preferred. The alkyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, with a linear group being preferred. The alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6, even more preferably 1 to 3, and particularly preferably 1 or 2. The aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, with a phenyl group being preferred. The aryl group may further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the groups exemplified by the substituent W above.

[0068] Compounds Represented by Formula (2a) and Compounds Represented by Formula (2b) The compounds represented by formula (2a) and compounds represented by formula (2b) will be described in detail below.

[0069]

[0070] In formula (2a), Z and Y have the same meanings as Z and Y in formula (C2-1), and the preferred embodiments thereof are also the same. In formulas (2a) and (2b), X each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ In formula (2a), X contained in the 5-membered ring fused with the ring represented by C3 (hereinafter also simply referred to as "first ring") is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is preferred, and -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２- is more preferred, and -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is more preferred, and -CR Ｘ４ ２ X contained in the five-membered ring containing Z and X fused with the first ring is preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ In formula (2b), X is preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is preferred, and -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is more preferred, and -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is more preferred, and -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is particularly preferred. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ R each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ The preferred range of is as described above, but among them, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent is preferred, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferred, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is even more preferred. Ｘ２ Comrade, R Ｘ３ Peers and R Ｘ４ may be bonded to each other to form a ring which may have a substituent.

[0071] In formula (2a) and formula (2b), C3 represents a ring represented by formula (C3-1).

[0072]

[0073] The ring represented by formula (C3-1) has the same meaning as the ring represented by formula (C1-1) above, and the preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.

[0074] In formula (2b), C4 represents a ring represented by formula (C4-1).

[0075]

[0076] The ring represented by formula (C4-1) has the same meaning as the ring represented by formula (C2-2) above, and the preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.

[0077] Compound Represented by Formula (3) The compound represented by formula (3) will be described in detail below.

[0078]

[0079] In formula (3), each Z independently represents ═CR Ｚ - or a nitrogen atom, R Ｚ represents a hydrogen atom or the above-described substituent Z. In formula (3), Z represents ═CR Ｚ - is preferred, and R Ｚ is preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group S, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group T. In formula (3), C3 represents a ring represented by formula (C3-1) above, and C2 represents a ring represented by formula (C2-1) or (C2-2) above. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the ring represented by formula (C3-1), the ring represented by formula (C2-1), and the ring represented by formula (C2-2) are as described above.

[0080] Compound Represented by Formula (4) The compound represented by formula (4) will be described in detail below.

[0081]

[0082] In formula (4), X and Z have the same meanings as X and Z in formula (C1-1), and the preferred embodiments are also the same. Among them, X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ Z is preferably -, and more preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Ｚ - is preferred, and RＺ is preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group S, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group T. In formula (4), C2 represents a ring represented by the above-mentioned formula (C2-1) or (C2-2). Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the ring represented by formula (C2-1) and the ring represented by formula (C2-2) are as described above.

[0083] Compound Represented by Formula (5) The compound represented by formula (5) will be described in detail below.

[0084]

[0085] In formula (5), Z has the same meaning as Z in formula (C1-2) above, and the preferred embodiments are also the same. Ｚ - is preferred, and R Ｚ is preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group S, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group T.

[0086] In formula (5), C5 represents a ring represented by any one of formulas (C5-1) to (C5-4).

[0087]

[0088] In formula (C5-1), X, Y, and Z have the same meanings as X, Y, and Z in formula (C2-1), and the preferred embodiments are also the same. Among them, X is preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ Z is preferably -, and more preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Ｚ - is preferred, and R Ｚ is preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group S, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group T. １ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-.Ｘ２ ~R Ｘ５ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. １ Examples of the group include an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, and —SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is preferred, and -SiR Ｘ２ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is more preferred, and -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is more preferred. Ｘ２ ~R Ｘ５ preferably each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group are the same as the specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group exemplified in the above-mentioned substituent group S. Among them, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferred, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferred, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is even more preferred.

[0089] In formula (C5-2), X, Y, and Z have the same meanings as X, Y, and Z in formula (C2-1) above, and the preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.

[0090] In formula (C5-3), Y and Z have the same meanings as Y and Z in formula (C2-1), and the preferred embodiments thereof are also the same. ２ represents a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. U ２ is a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or —NR Ｘ１ - is preferred, and a sulfur atom is more preferred. Ｘ１ ~RＸ５ R each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ The preferred range is as described above.

[0091] In formula (C5-4), Y and Z have the same meanings as Y and Z in formula (C2-1), and the preferred embodiments thereof are also the same. Ｚ represents a hydrogen atom or the above-mentioned substituent Z. Ｚ is preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group S, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group T.

[0092] The compound represented by the formula (5) is preferably a compound represented by the formula (5-1), more preferably a compound represented by the formula (5-1a).

[0093]

[0094] In formula (5-1), X, U １ , Y and Z are X, U in formula (C5-1). １ , Y and Z have the same meanings as X, Y and Z in formula (C5-1), and preferred embodiments thereof are also the same. In formula (5-1a), W is —SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. Ｘ２ ~R Ｘ５ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. W represents —SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is preferred, and -SiR Ｘ２ ２ - or -CR Ｘ４ ２ - is more preferred, and -CR Ｘ４２ - is more preferred. Ｘ２ ~R Ｘ５ each independently preferably represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group are the same as the specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic ring group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group exemplified in the above-mentioned substituent group S.

[0095] The specific compound is preferably a compound represented by any one of the above formula (1), formula (2a), formula (2b), and formula (5-1), and more preferably a compound represented by formula (5-1a).

[0096] It is also preferable that the specific compound satisfies at least one of the following conditions A to C. Condition A: The specific compound is a compound represented by the above formula (1), and at least one of R is a group selected from the group of substituents consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, and an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent (hereinafter also referred to as "substituent group U"). Condition B: The specific compound does not contain -NR in the structural formula. Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ - and -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-, and R Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ are each independently a group selected from the above-mentioned Substituent Group U. Condition C: In the specific compound, at least one Z is ═CR Ｚ - and R Ｚ is a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group U.

[0097] Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, the aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, and the aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent in the above-mentioned substituent group U are the same as the specific examples and preferred embodiments of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, the aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, and the aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent exemplified in the above-mentioned substituent group S.

[0098] Specific examples of the specific compound are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these. The compounds shown below are compounds represented by formula (1).

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] The compounds shown below are compounds represented by formula (2a) or formula (2b).

[0102]

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] The compound shown below is a compound represented by formula (3).

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] The compound shown below is a compound represented by formula (4).

[0109]

[0110] The compound shown below is a compound represented by formula (5).

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] In the specific compounds exemplified above, A represents any of the following groups: * indicates the bonding position.

[0115]

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] The molecular weight of the specific compound is preferably 400 to 1200, more preferably 400 to 1000, and even more preferably 400 to 800. When the molecular weight is within the above range, the sublimation temperature of the specific compound is lowered, and it is presumed that the specific compound has excellent suitability for production.

[0119] The specific compound preferably has an ionization potential of −5.0 to −6.5 eV in a single film from the viewpoints of stability when used as a p-type organic semiconductor and matching of the energy level with an n-type organic semiconductor.

[0120] The maximum absorption wavelength of the specific compound is preferably in the wavelength range of 400 to 650 nm, more preferably in the range of 400 to 600 nm. The maximum absorption wavelength is a value measured in a solution state (solvent: chloroform) after adjusting the absorption spectrum of the specific compound to a concentration such that the absorbance is 0.5 to 1.0. However, if the specific compound is insoluble in chloroform, the maximum absorption wavelength of the specific compound is determined by evaporating the specific compound and measuring the value using the specific compound in a film state.

[0121] The specific compound is particularly useful as a material for a photoelectric conversion film used in an imaging device, an optical sensor, or a photovoltaic cell. The specific compound often functions as a dye in the photoelectric conversion film. The specific compound can also be used as a coloring material, a liquid crystal material, an organic semiconductor material, a charge transport material, a pharmaceutical material, and a fluorescent diagnostic material.

[0122] The specific compound may be purified as necessary. Examples of methods for purifying the specific compound include sublimation purification, purification using silica gel column chromatography, purification using gel permeation chromatography, reslurry washing, reprecipitation purification, and purification using an adsorbent such as activated carbon and recrystallization purification.

[0123] The content of the specific compound in the photoelectric conversion film (=film thickness of the specific compound in terms of a single layer / film thickness of the photoelectric conversion film × 100) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 15 to 75% by volume, more preferably 20 to 60% by volume, and even more preferably 20 to 50% by volume. Only one type of specific compound may be used, or two or more types may be used. When two or more types are used, it is preferable that the total amount thereof is in the above range.

[0124] <n-Type Organic Semiconductor> The photoelectric conversion film preferably further contains an n-type organic semiconductor in addition to the specific compound. The n-type organic semiconductor is a compound different from the specific compound. The n-type organic semiconductor is an acceptor organic semiconductor material (compound) and refers to an organic compound that has the property of easily accepting electrons. In other words, the n-type organic semiconductor refers to the organic compound that has a larger electron affinity when two organic compounds are used in contact with each other. In other words, any organic compound can be used as the acceptor organic semiconductor as long as it is an organic compound with electron-accepting properties. Examples of n-type organic semiconductors include fullerenes selected from the group consisting of fullerenes and derivatives thereof; fused aromatic carbocyclic compounds (e.g., naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, perylene derivatives, and fluoranthene derivatives); and 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic compounds having at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom (e.g., pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, phthalazine, cinnoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, acridine, phenazine, phenanthroline, tetrazole, pyrazole, imidazole, and thiazole). polyarylene compounds; fluorene compounds; cyclopentadiene compounds; silyl compounds; 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride; 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivatives; anthraquinodimethane derivatives; diphenylquinone derivatives; bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, and derivatives thereof; triazole compounds; distyrylarylene derivatives; metal complexes having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound as a ligand; silole compounds; 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride; 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivatives; and the compounds described in paragraphs

[0056] to

[0057] of JP-A No. 2006-100767.

[0125] As the n-type organic semiconductor (compound), fullerenes selected from the group consisting of fullerenes and derivatives thereof are preferred. For example, fullerene C ６０ , fullerene C ７０, fullerene C ７６ , fullerene C ７８ , fullerene C ８０ , fullerene C ８２ , fullerene C ８４ , fullerene C ９０ , fullerene C ９６ , fullerene C ２４０ , fullerene C ５４０ and mixed fullerenes. Examples of fullerene derivatives include compounds in which a substituent is added to the above-mentioned fullerenes. The substituent is preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group. Preferred fullerene derivatives are the compounds described in JP-A-2007-123707.

[0126] The n-type organic semiconductor may be an organic dye. Examples of the organic dye include cyanine dyes, styryl dyes, hemicyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes (including zeromethine merocyanine (simple merocyanine)), rhodacyanine dyes, allopolar dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, squarylium dyes, croconium dyes, azamethine dyes, coumarin dyes, arylidene dyes, anthraquinone dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, azo dyes, azomethine dyes, metallocene dyes, fluorenone dyes, fulgide dyes, perylene dyes, phenazine dyes, phenothiazine dyes, quinone dyes, diphenylmethane dyes, polyene dyes, acridine dyes, acridinone dyes, diphenylamine dyes, quinophthalone dyes, phenoxazine dyes, phthaloperylene dyes, dioxane dyes, porphyrin dyes, chlorophyll dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, subphthalocyanine dyes, and metal complex dyes.

[0127] The molecular weight of the n-type organic semiconductor is preferably 200 to 1,200, more preferably 200 to 900.

[0128] The maximum absorption wavelength of the n-type organic semiconductor is preferably in the range of 400 nm to 600 nm.

[0129] The photoelectric conversion film preferably has a bulk heterostructure formed by mixing a specific compound and an n-type organic semiconductor. The bulk heterostructure is a layer in the photoelectric conversion film in which the specific compound and the n-type organic semiconductor are mixed and dispersed. The photoelectric conversion film having a bulk heterostructure can be formed by either a wet method or a dry method. The bulk heterostructure is described in detail in paragraphs

[0013] to

[0014] of JP 2005-303266 A.

[0130] The difference in electron affinity between the specific compound and the n-type organic semiconductor is preferably 0.1 eV or more.

[0131] When the photoelectric conversion film contains an n-type organic semiconductor, the content of the n-type organic semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion film (thickness of the n-type organic semiconductor in terms of a single layer / thickness of the photoelectric conversion film × 100) is preferably 15 to 75 vol%, more preferably 20 to 60 vol%, and still more preferably 20 to 50 vol%.

[0132] When the n-type organic semiconductor contains fullerenes, the content of the fullerenes relative to the total content of the n-type organic semiconductors (film thickness of fullerenes converted into a single layer / total film thickness of each n-type organic semiconductor converted into a single layer × 100) is preferably 50 to 100% by volume, more preferably 80 to 100% by volume. Fullerenes may be used singly or in combination of two or more types.

[0133] In terms of the response speed of the photoelectric conversion element, the content of the specific compound relative to the total content of the specific compound and the n-type organic semiconductor (film thickness in monolayer equivalent of the specific compound / (film thickness in monolayer equivalent of the specific compound + film thickness in monolayer equivalent of the n-type organic semiconductor) x 100) is preferably 20 to 80% by volume, more preferably 40 to 80% by volume. When the photoelectric conversion film contains an n-type organic semiconductor and a p-type organic semiconductor, the content of the specific compound (film thickness in monolayer equivalent of the specific compound / (film thickness in monolayer equivalent of the specific compound + film thickness in monolayer equivalent of the n-type organic semiconductor + film thickness in monolayer equivalent of the p-type organic semiconductor) x 100) is preferably 15 to 75% by volume, more preferably 30 to 75% by volume. It is preferable that the photoelectric conversion film is substantially composed of the specific compound, the n-type organic semiconductor, and a p-type organic semiconductor that is included as desired. "Substantially" means that the total content of the specific compound, n-type organic semiconductor, and p-type organic semiconductor is 90 to 100% by volume, preferably 95 to 100% by volume, and more preferably 99 to 100% by volume, relative to the total mass of the photoelectric conversion film.

[0134] <p-Type Organic Semiconductor> The photoelectric conversion film preferably further contains a p-type organic semiconductor in addition to the specific compound. The p-type organic semiconductor is a compound different from the specific compound. The p-type organic semiconductor is a donor organic semiconductor material (compound) and refers to an organic compound that has the property of easily donating electrons. In other words, the p-type organic semiconductor refers to the organic compound that has a smaller ionization potential when two organic compounds are used in contact with each other. The p-type organic semiconductor may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0135] Examples of p-type organic semiconductors include triarylamine compounds (e.g., N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4'-bis[N-(naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl (α-NPD), compounds described in paragraphs

[0128] to

[0148] of JP-A No. 2011-228614, compounds described in paragraphs

[0052] to

[0063] of JP-A No. 2011-176259, compounds described in paragraphs

[0119] to

[0158] of JP-A No. 2011-225544, compounds, compounds described in paragraphs

[0044] to

[0051] of JP-A No. 2015-153910 and compounds described in paragraphs

[0086] to

[0090] of JP-A No. 2012-094660, etc.), pyrazoline compounds, styrylamine compounds, hydrazone compounds, polysilane compounds, thiophene compounds (for example, thienothiophene derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, benzodithiophene derivatives, dithienothiophene derivatives, [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives, thieno[3,2-f:4,5-f']bis[1]benzthiophene benzothiophene (TBBT) derivatives, compounds described in paragraphs

[0031] to

[0036] of JP 2018-014474 A, compounds described in paragraphs

[0043] to

[0045] of WO 2016 / 194630 A, compounds described in paragraphs

[0025] to

[0037] and

[0099] to

[0109] of WO 2017 / 159684 A, compounds described in paragraphs

[0029] to

[0034] of JP 2017-076766 A, compounds described in paragraphs

[0015] to

[0025] of WO 2018 / 207722 A, compounds described in paragraph [004 5] to

[0053] , compounds described in paragraphs

[0045] to

[0055] of WO2019 / 058995, compounds described in paragraphs

[0063] to

[0089] of WO2019 / 081416, compounds described in paragraphs

[0033] to

[0036] of JP2019-080052A, compounds described in paragraphs

[0044] to

[0054] of WO2019 / 054125, compounds described in paragraphs

[0041] to

[0046] of WO2019 / 093188, compounds described in paragraphs

[0034] to

[0037] of JP2019-050398A,The compounds described in paragraphs

[0033] to

[0036] of JP-A No. 2018-206878, the compounds described in paragraph

[0038] of JP-A No. 2018-190755, the compounds described in paragraphs

[0019] to

[0021] of JP-A No. 2018-026559, the compounds described in paragraphs

[0031] to

[0056] of JP-A No. 2018-170487, the compounds described in paragraphs

[0036] to

[0041] of JP-A No. 2018-16620 Compounds described in paragraphs

[0055] to

[0082] of JP-A No. 2018-113425, compounds described in paragraphs

[0041] to

[0050] of JP-A No. 2018-113425, compounds described in paragraphs

[0044] to

[0048] of JP-A No. 2018-085430, compounds described in paragraphs

[0041] to

[0045] of JP-A No. 2018-056546, compounds described in paragraphs

[0042] to

[0049] of JP-A No. 2018-046267, compounds described in paragraphs

[0043] to

[0044] of JP-A No. 2018-014474 Compounds described in paragraphs

[0031] to

[0036] of WO2018 / 016465, compounds described in paragraphs

[0036] to

[0046] of JP2020-016465A, compounds described in paragraphs

[0045] to

[0048] of JP2020-010024A, etc.), cyanine compounds, oxonol compounds, polyamine compounds, indole compounds, pyrrole compounds, pyrazole compounds, polyarylene compounds, fused aromatic carbocyclic compounds (e.g., naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, pentacene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, perylene derivatives, and fluoranthene derivatives), porphyrin compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, triazole compounds, oxadiazole compounds, imidazole compounds, polyarylalkane compounds, pyrazolone compounds, amino-substituted chalcone compounds, oxazole compounds, fluorenone compounds, silazane compounds, and metal complexes having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound as a ligand. As p-type organic semiconductors, in addition to the above-mentioned compounds, JP 2021-163968 A, JP 2022-027575 A, JP 2022-123944 A, JP 2022-122839 A, JP 2022-120323 A, JP 2022-120273 A, JP 2022-115832 A, JP 2022-108268 A, JP 2022-100258 A,Compounds described in JP-A-2022-181226 and JP-A-2023-005703 can also be used, and these compounds are incorporated herein. Examples of p-type organic semiconductors include compounds with a smaller ionization potential than n-type organic semiconductors, and if this condition is met, the organic dyes exemplified as n-type organic semiconductors can be used. Examples of compounds that can be used as p-type organic semiconductors are listed below.

[0136]

[0137]

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] The difference in ionization potential between the specific compound and the p-type organic semiconductor is preferably 0.1 eV or more.

[0141] When the photoelectric conversion film contains a p-type organic semiconductor, the content of the p-type organic semiconductor in the photoelectric conversion film (thickness of the p-type organic semiconductor in terms of a single layer / thickness of the photoelectric conversion film × 100) is preferably 15 to 75 vol%, more preferably 20 to 60 vol%, and still more preferably 25 to 50 vol%.

[0142] The photoelectric conversion film containing the specific compound is a non-luminescent film and has characteristics different from those of an organic electroluminescent device (OLED: Organic Light Emitting Diode). A non-luminescent film means a film having a luminescence quantum efficiency of 1% or less, preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less. The lower limit is often 0% or more.

[0143] <Dye> The photoelectric conversion film may further contain a dye in addition to the specific compound. The dye is a compound different from the specific compound. The dye is preferably an organic dye. Examples of the organic dye include cyanine dyes, styryl dyes, hemicyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes (including zeromethine merocyanine (simple merocyanine)), rhodacyanine dyes, allopolar dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, squarylium dyes, croconium dyes, azamethine dyes, coumarin dyes, arylidene dyes, anthraquinone dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, azo dyes, azomethine dyes, metallocene dyes, fluorenone dyes, fulgide dyes, perylene dyes, phenazine dyes, phenothiazine dyes, quinone dyes, diphenylmethane dyes, polyene dyes, acridine dyes, Examples of the organic dye include acridinone dyes, diphenylamine dyes, quinophthalone dyes, phenoxazine dyes, phthaloperylene dyes, dioxane dyes, porphyrin dyes, chlorophyll dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, subphthalocyanine dyes and metal complex dyes, imidazoquinoxaline dyes described in WO 2020 / 013246, WO 2022 / 168856, JP 2023-10305 A, and JP 2023-10299 A, acceptor-donor-acceptor type dyes in which two acidic nuclei are bonded to a donor, and donor-acceptor-donor type dyes in which two donors are bonded to an acceptor. Among these, cyanine dyes, imidazoquinoxaline dyes, or acceptor-donor-acceptor type dyes are preferred as organic dyes, as they have a maximum absorption wavelength in the preferred range described below.

[0144] The maximum absorption wavelength of the dye is preferably in the visible light region, more preferably from 400 to 700 nm, and even more preferably from 400 to 650 nm.

[0145] The content of the dye in the photoelectric conversion film relative to the total content of the specific compound and the dye (=(film thickness of the dye in terms of a single layer / (film thickness of the specific compound in terms of a single layer+film thickness of the dye in terms of a single layer)×100) is preferably 15 to 75 vol%, more preferably 20 to 60 vol%, and still more preferably 20 to 50 vol%.

[0146] In addition to the components described above, the photoelectric conversion film may further contain optional components. Examples of optional components include antioxidants, dispersants, and ultraviolet absorbers. The optional components may also be impurities derived from specific compounds, n-type organic semiconductors, p-type organic semiconductors, or dyes. When the photoelectric conversion film contains optional components, the content of the optional components in the photoelectric conversion film (film thickness of the optional components in terms of a single layer / film thickness of the photoelectric conversion film × 100) is preferably 0.01 to 10% by volume, and more preferably 0.01 to 1% by volume.

[0147] <Film formation method> Examples of the film formation method for the photoelectric conversion film include dry film formation methods. Examples of dry film formation methods include physical vapor deposition methods such as vapor deposition (particularly vacuum deposition), sputtering, ion plating, and MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy), as well as CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) methods such as plasma polymerization, and vacuum deposition methods are preferred. When forming the photoelectric conversion film by vacuum deposition, manufacturing conditions such as the degree of vacuum and deposition temperature can be set according to conventional methods.

[0148] The thickness of the photoelectric conversion film is preferably from 10 to 1,000 nm, more preferably from 50 to 800 nm, and even more preferably from 50 to 500 nm.

[0149] [Electrodes] The photoelectric conversion element preferably has electrodes. The electrodes (upper electrode (transparent conductive film) 15 and lower electrode (conductive film) 11) are made of a conductive material. Examples of conductive materials include metals, alloys, metal oxides, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof. Since light is incident through the upper electrode 15, it is preferable that the upper electrode 15 is transparent to the light to be detected. Examples of materials constituting the upper electrode 15 include conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine (ATO: Antimony Tin Oxide, FTO: Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide), tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO: Indium Tin Oxide), and indium zinc oxide (IZO); thin metal films such as gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminum, and nickel; mixtures or laminates of these metals and conductive metal oxides; and organic conductive materials such as polyaniline, polythiophene, and polypyrrole; and nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. Of these, conductive metal oxides are preferred in terms of high conductivity and transparency.

[0150] Typically, when the conductive film is made thinner than a certain range, the resistance value often increases rapidly. In a solid-state imaging device incorporating a photoelectric conversion element according to this embodiment, the sheet resistance may be 100 to 10,000 Ω / □, and there is a wide degree of freedom in the range of film thickness that can be reduced. Furthermore, the thinner the film thickness of the upper electrode (transparent conductive film) 15, the less light it absorbs, and generally the higher the light transmittance. An increase in light transmittance is desirable because it increases light absorption in the photoelectric conversion film and enhances photoelectric conversion performance. Considering the suppression of leakage current, the increase in the resistance value of the thin film, and the increase in transmittance that accompany a reduction in film thickness, the thickness of the upper electrode 15 is preferably 5 to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 to 20 nm.

[0151] Depending on the application, the lower electrode 11 may be transparent or non-transparent and light-reflecting. Examples of materials constituting the lower electrode 11 include conductive metal oxides such as antimony- or fluorine-doped tin oxide (ATO, FTO), tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO); metals such as gold, silver, copper, chromium, nickel, titanium, tungsten, and aluminum; conductive compounds such as oxides or nitrides of these metals (e.g., titanium nitride (TiN)); mixtures or laminates of these metals and conductive metal oxides; organic conductive materials such as polyaniline, polythiophene, and polypyrrole; and carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and granphenes.

[0152] The method for forming the electrodes can be appropriately selected depending on the electrode material. Specific examples include wet methods such as printing and coating; physical methods such as vacuum deposition, sputtering, and ion plating; and chemical methods such as CVD and plasma CVD. When the electrode material is ITO, examples include electron beam methods, sputtering, resistance heating deposition, chemical reaction methods (such as the sol-gel method), and coating of a dispersion of indium tin oxide.

[0153] [Charge-blocking film: electron-blocking film, hole-blocking film] The photoelectric conversion element preferably has one or more intermediate layers in addition to the photoelectric conversion film between the conductive film and the transparent conductive film. Examples of the intermediate layer include a charge-blocking film. When the photoelectric conversion element has this film, the properties (quantum efficiency, response speed, etc.) of the resulting photoelectric conversion element are more excellent. Examples of the charge-blocking film include an electron-blocking film and a hole-blocking film.

[0154] [Electron Blocking Film] The electron blocking film is a donor organic semiconductor material (compound), and the above-mentioned p-type organic semiconductor can be used. Polymer materials can also be used as the electron blocking film. Examples of polymer materials include polymers of phenylene vinylene, fluorene, carbazole, indole, pyrene, pyrrole, picoline, thiophene, acetylene, diacetylene, and the like, and derivatives thereof.

[0155] The electron blocking film may be composed of multiple films. The electron blocking film may be composed of an inorganic material. In general, inorganic materials have a higher dielectric constant than organic materials, so when an inorganic material is used for the electron blocking film, a higher voltage is applied to the photoelectric conversion film, resulting in higher quantum efficiency. Examples of inorganic materials that can be used for the electron blocking film include calcium oxide, chromium oxide, chromium copper oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, gallium copper oxide, strontium copper oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, indium copper oxide, indium silver oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0156] [Hole-Blocking Film] The hole-blocking film is an acceptor organic semiconductor material (compound), and the n-type organic semiconductors described above can be used. The hole-blocking film may be composed of multiple films.

[0157] Examples of methods for producing a charge blocking film include dry film formation and wet film formation. Examples of dry film formation include vapor deposition and sputtering. Vapor deposition may be either physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), with physical vapor deposition such as vacuum deposition being preferred. Examples of wet film formation include inkjet printing, spray printing, nozzle printing, spin coating, dip coating, casting, die coating, roll coating, bar coating, and gravure coating, with the inkjet method being preferred in terms of high-precision patterning.

[0158] The thickness of each of the charge blocking films (electron blocking film and hole blocking film) is preferably from 3 to 200 nm, more preferably from 5 to 100 nm, and even more preferably from 5 to 30 nm.

[0159] [Substrate] The photoelectric conversion element may further include a substrate. Examples of the substrate include a semiconductor substrate, a glass substrate, and a plastic substrate. The substrate is usually positioned such that a conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent conductive film are stacked in this order on the substrate.

[0160] [Sealing Layer] The photoelectric conversion element may further have a sealing layer. The performance of photoelectric conversion materials may be significantly degraded in the presence of degrading factors such as water molecules. Therefore, the degradation can be prevented by covering and sealing the entire photoelectric conversion film with a sealing layer made of ceramics such as dense metal oxides, metal nitrides, or metal nitride oxides, or diamond-like carbon (DLC), which do not allow water molecules to penetrate. Examples of sealing layers include those described in paragraphs

[0210] to

[0215] of JP 2011-082508 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0161] [Method for manufacturing photoelectric conversion element] Examples of methods for manufacturing photoelectric conversion elements include known manufacturing methods. Specifically, for example, a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element includes a step of forming a conductive film on a substrate, a step of forming a photoelectric conversion film, and a step of forming a transparent conductive film. The method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element may include other steps (for example, a step of forming a charge blocking film and a step of forming a sealing layer) in addition to the above. The method for forming each layer is as described above.

[0162] [Imaging element] An example of an application of a photoelectric conversion element is an imaging element. An imaging element is an element that converts the optical information of an image into an electrical signal, and typically has multiple photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a matrix on the same plane, with each photoelectric conversion element (pixel) converting the optical signal into an electrical signal and outputting the electrical signal pixel by pixel from the imaging element. For this reason, each pixel is composed of one or more photoelectric conversion elements and one or more transistors. The manufacturing method of an imaging element is not particularly limited, but examples include a method including the step of manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element described above.

[0163] [Optical Sensor] Other applications of the photoelectric conversion element include, for example, a photocell and an optical sensor, and the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is preferably used as an optical sensor. As an optical sensor, the photoelectric conversion element may be used alone, or may be used as a line sensor in which the photoelectric conversion elements are arranged linearly or as a two-dimensional sensor in which the photoelectric conversion elements are arranged on a plane.

[0164] [Compound] The present invention also includes the invention of a compound. The compound of the present invention is the above-mentioned specific compound.

[0165] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the following examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, treatment details, treatment procedures, etc. shown in the following examples can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the following examples.

[0166] [Compounds used in photoelectric conversion film] The materials used in the photoelectric conversion film are shown below.

[0167] [Synthesis of Compound (5-6)] Compound (5-6) was synthesized according to the following scheme.

[0168]

[0169] In a glass reaction vessel, 4.4 mmol of compound (5-6-1), 5.3 mmol of compound (5-6-2), 50 mL of acetic acid, and 1.8 mmol of piperidine were placed and reacted at 100°C for 2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, the precipitated solid was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of chloroform and toluene, and then purified by sublimation to obtain 2.8 mmol of compound (5-6) (yield 63%). １ The H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) data is shown below. １ H-NMR (CDCl ３ ): δ (ppm) = 1.53 (6H, s), 3.43 (3H, s), 3.46 (3H, s), 7.35-7.45 (3H, m), 7.64-7.67 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 8.75 (1H, s).

[0170] The compounds used in the photoelectric conversion film of each of the Examples and Comparative Examples other than the compound (5-6) were synthesized according to the synthesis method of the compound (5-6).

[0171] The materials used in the preparation of the photoelectric conversion element are shown below. Compounds (1-1) to (1-5) correspond to compounds represented by formula (1), compounds (2-1) to (2-9) correspond to compounds represented by formula (2a) or formula (2b), compounds (3-1) to (3-5) correspond to compounds represented by formula (3), compounds (4-1) to (4-4) correspond to compounds represented by formula (4), and compounds (5-1) to (5-18) correspond to compounds represented by formula (5). Compounds (C-1) to (C-10) correspond to comparative compounds used in comparative examples. The compounds represented by formula (C-6) and formula (C-7) correspond to compounds containing a group represented by formula (N), and the compound represented by formula (C-9) corresponds to the compound represented by formula (Y-1) where Q is an oxygen atom and the atom located at the α-position of the carbonyl group represented by >C=Q is a carbonyl carbon.

[0172]

[0173]

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] [n-type organic semiconductor] Fullerene (C ６０ )

[0177] [p-type organic semiconductor]

[0178]

[0179] [Dye] In Test Y described later, the dye shown below was used.

[0180]

[0181] [Evaluation] Photoelectric conversion elements were fabricated using the above materials, and tests X and Y were carried out.

[0182] [Test X] <Preparation of Photoelectric Conversion Element> A photoelectric conversion element having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 was prepared using the various components shown above. Here, the photoelectric conversion element comprises a lower electrode 11, an electron blocking film 16A, a photoelectric conversion film 12, a hole blocking film 16B, and an upper electrode 15. Specifically, amorphous ITO was formed on a glass substrate by sputtering to form a lower electrode 11 (thickness: 30 nm), and compound (EB-1) was further formed on the lower electrode 11 by vacuum heating deposition to form an electron blocking film 16A (thickness: 30 nm). Subsequently, with the temperature of the glass substrate controlled at 25° C., each specific compound or each comparative compound shown in Tables 1 and 2 and an n-type organic semiconductor (fullerene (C ６０)) and a p-type organic semiconductor (compound (P-1)) were co-deposited by vacuum deposition to form a film having a thickness of 80 nm in terms of a single layer. This formed a photoelectric conversion film 12 having a bulk heterostructure of 240 nm. At this time, the film formation rate of the photoelectric conversion film 12 was 1.0 Å / sec. Furthermore, compound (EB-2) was deposited on the photoelectric conversion film 12 to form a hole blocking film 16B (thickness: 10 nm). Amorphous ITO was deposited on the hole blocking film 16B by sputtering to form an upper electrode 15 (transparent conductive film) (thickness: 10 nm). After a SiO film was formed as a sealing layer on the upper electrode 15 by vacuum deposition, aluminum oxide (Al ２ O ３ The resulting laminate was heated in a glove box at 150° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a photoelectric conversion element.

[0183]

[0184] <Dark Current> The dark current of each of the obtained photoelectric conversion elements was measured by the following method. ５ A voltage was applied to the photoelectric conversion element so as to obtain an electric field strength of 50 nA / cm. The current value in a dark place (dark current) was measured. As a result, the dark current was 50 nA / cm for all the photoelectric conversion elements. ２ It was confirmed that the dark current was sufficiently low.

[0185] <Quantum Efficiency> The quantum efficiency of each photoelectric conversion element was measured when blue-green light was received by the following method. ５ After applying a voltage to achieve an electric field strength of 1000 V / cm, the quantum efficiency (photoelectric conversion efficiency) at a wavelength of 460 nm was evaluated by irradiating light from the upper electrode (transparent conductive film) side, and the quantum efficiency (relative ratio) was calculated according to formula (S1). From the obtained value, the quantum efficiency was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. A quantum efficiency rating of B or higher is preferable. Formula (S1): Quantum efficiency (relative ratio) = (photoelectric conversion efficiency of each photoelectric conversion element) / (photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion element of Comparative Example 1-1)

[0186] (Evaluation criteria) A: Quantum efficiency of 1.6 or more B: Quantum efficiency of 1.2 or more and less than 1.6 C: Quantum efficiency of 0.8 or more and less than 1.2 D: Quantum efficiency of 0.4 or more and less than 0.8 E: Quantum efficiency less than 0.4

[0187] <Response Speed ​​(Responsivity)> The response speed of each photoelectric conversion element when receiving blue-green light was evaluated by the following method. ５ A voltage was applied to the device so that the intensity was 1000 V / cm. Thereafter, an LED (light emitting diode) was momentarily turned on to irradiate light from the upper electrode (transparent conductive film) side, and the photocurrent at a wavelength of 460 nm at that time was measured with an oscilloscope to measure the rise time from 0% signal intensity to 97% signal intensity, and the relative response speed was calculated according to formula (S2). From the obtained value, the response speed was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The response speed is preferably rated B or higher. Formula (S2): Relative response speed = (rise time of each photoelectric conversion element at a wavelength of 460 nm) / (rise time of the photoelectric conversion element of Comparative Example 1-1 at a wavelength of 460 nm)

[0188] (Evaluation Criteria) A: Relative response speed is less than 0.5 B: Relative response speed is 0.5 or more and less than 1.0 C: Relative response speed is 1.0 or more and less than 1.5 D: Relative response speed is 1.5 or more and less than 2.0 E: Relative response speed is 2.0 or more

[0189] <Dependence of Quantum Efficiency on Electric Field Intensity> For each photoelectric conversion element, the dependence of quantum efficiency on electric field intensity when blue-green light was received was evaluated by the following method. In the evaluation of the above <Quantum Efficiency>, a voltage of 7.5×10 ４ The same procedure was followed except that the pressure was changed to 7.5 × 10 ４The quantum efficiency at 1000 kJ / cm was measured. The electric field strength dependency of the quantum efficiency was calculated according to formula (S3), and the electric field strength dependency of the quantum efficiency was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The electric field strength dependency of the quantum efficiency is preferably rated B or higher. In formula (S3), the numerator and denominator are values ​​measured for the photoelectric conversion element of the same example or comparative example. For example, with regard to Example 1-1, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 1-1 at a wavelength of 460 nm was 7.5 × 10 ４ V / cm and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 1-1 at a wavelength of 460 nm of 2.0 × 10 ５ The quantum efficiency at 7.5 × 10 V / cm is compared with the quantum efficiency at 7.5 × 10 V / cm. ４ V / cm) / (electric field strength of each photoelectric conversion element 2.0×10 ５ Quantum efficiency in V / cm

[0190] (Evaluation Criteria) A: The electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency is 0.85 or more. B: The electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency is 0.80 or more and less than 0.85. C: The electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency is 0.70 or more and less than 0.80. D: The electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency is 0.60 or more and less than 0.70. E: The electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency is less than 0.60.

[0191] <Dependence of response speed on electric field strength> For each photoelectric conversion element, the dependence of the response speed on electric field strength when blue-green light was received was evaluated by the following method. In the evaluation of the above <Response speed>, a voltage of 7.5×10 ４ The same procedure was followed except that the pressure was changed to 7.5 × 10 ４ The response speed at 1000 kJ / cm was measured. The electric field strength dependency of the response speed was calculated according to formula (S4), and the electric field strength dependency of the response speed was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The electric field strength dependency of the response speed is preferably rated B or higher. In formula (S4), the numerator and denominator are values ​​measured for the photoelectric conversion element of the same example or comparative example. For example, with respect to Example 1-1, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 1-1 at a wavelength of 460 nm was 7.5 × 10 ４V / cm and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Example 1-1 at a wavelength of 460 nm of 2.0 × 10 ５ The response speed at 7.5 V / cm is compared with the response speed at 7.5 V / cm. Equation (S4): Dependence of response speed on electric field strength = (electric field strength of each photoelectric conversion element 7.5 × 10 ４ V / cm) / (electric field strength of each photoelectric conversion element 2.0×10 ５ rise time in V / cm)

[0192] (Evaluation Criteria) A: The electric field strength dependency of the response speed is less than 2.0 B: The electric field strength dependency of the response speed is 2.0 or more and less than 3.0 C: The electric field strength dependency of the response speed is 3.0 or more and less than 4.0 D: The electric field strength dependency of the response speed is 4.0 or more and less than 5.0 E: The electric field strength dependency of the response speed is 5.0 or more

[0193] [Result: Rating X]

[0194] The evaluation results of Test X are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. In the tables, the column "Conditions A to C" indicates "A" if the specific compound satisfies at least one of the above conditions A to C, and indicates "B" if the specific compound does not satisfy the above conditions. Ｚ " column indicates the R Ｚ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, the column marked "A", and other cases marked "B". In the table, in the column "(1) / (2a) / (2b) / (5-1)", the specific compound is a compound represented by any of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (5-1), the column marked "A", and other cases marked "B". In the table, in the column "(5-1a)", the specific compound is a compound represented by formula (5-1a), the column marked "A", and other cases marked "B". In the table, in the column "(C-1) / (C-2)", the specific compound is a compound represented by formula (C-1) or formula (C-2), the column marked "A", and other cases marked "B".

[0195]

[0196]

[0197] From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, it was confirmed that the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has a small electric field strength dependency of quantum efficiency when blue-green light is received. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has excellent quantum efficiency and response speed (responsiveness) when blue-green light is received, and also has a small electric field strength dependency of responsiveness. Furthermore, from a comparison of Examples 1-11 to 1-13 and a comparison of Examples 1-30 to 1-32, it was confirmed that when the specific compound satisfies at least one of the above conditions A to C, the response speed is more excellent. From a comparison of Examples 1-1 to 1-5, it was confirmed that in the specific compound, R Ｚ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, it was confirmed that the response speed and the electric field strength dependence of the response speed were more excellent. From a comparison of Examples 1-28 to 1-31, it was confirmed that when the specific compound was a compound represented by any of Formula (1), Formula (2a), Formula (2b), and Formula (5-1), the quantum efficiency and the electric field strength dependence of the response speed were more excellent. From a comparison of Examples 1-20 to 1-27 with Example 1-29, it was confirmed that when the specific compound was a compound represented by Formula (5-1a), the electric field strength dependence of the quantum efficiency was more excellent. From a comparison of Examples 1-13 to 1-15, it was confirmed that when in the specific compound, Y was a group represented by Formula (C-1) or a group represented by Formula (C-2), the response speed was more excellent.

[0198] [Test Y] Subsequently, a photoelectric conversion element was prepared using a dye other than the specific compound in addition to the specific compound or the comparative compound, and the quantum efficiency, response speed, electric field strength dependence of the quantum efficiency, and electric field strength dependence of the response speed of the photoelectric conversion element at a wavelength of 460 nm were evaluated by the following methods.

[0199] <Preparation of Photoelectric Conversion Element> A specific compound or each comparative compound selected from the compounds (1-1) to (1-5), the compounds (2-1) to (2-9), the compounds (3-1) to (3-5), the compounds (4-1) to (4-4), the compounds (5-1) to (5-18), and the compounds (C-1) to (C-10), an n-type organic semiconductor (fullerene (C ６０)), a p-type organic semiconductor (compound (P-1)), and any dye selected from (B-1) to (B-12) were co-deposited by vacuum deposition in a ratio of specific compound:dye:p-type organic semiconductor:n-type organic semiconductor=1:1:2:2 in terms of a single film to form a photoelectric conversion film 12, and the other procedures were the same as in Test X to prepare photoelectric conversion elements for each Example and Comparative Example. As a result, even when a dye other than the specific compound was used in combination, similar results were obtained as for the quantum efficiency, response speed, electric field strength dependence of quantum efficiency, and electric field strength dependence of response speed shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0200] 10a, 10b Photoelectric conversion element 11 Conductive film (lower electrode) 12 Photoelectric conversion film 15 Transparent conductive film (upper electrode) 16A Electron blocking film 16B Hole blocking film

Claims

1. A photoelectric conversion element having a conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent conductive film in this order, wherein the photoelectric conversion film contains at least one compound represented by any one of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (3) to (5). In formula (1), one of A and B is -CR ２ -, and the other represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or -NR-. Each R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. In formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (3) to (5), C1 represents a ring represented by formula (C1-1) or formula (C1-2), C2 represents a ring represented by formula (C2-1) or formula (C2-2), C3 represents a ring represented by formula (C3-1), C4 represents a ring represented by formula (C4-1), and C5 represents a ring represented by any of formulas (C5-1) to (C5-4). The double bond between the carbon atom marked with *1 and the carbon atom marked with *2 represents a fused ring position. Each X independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. U １ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. U ２ represents a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and each Y independently represents a group represented by formula (Y-1). In formula (Y-1), Q represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｑ１ , or =CR Ｑ２ R Ｑ３ Represents R Ｑ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｑ２ and R Ｑ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｑ４ , -COOR Ｑ５ , or -COR Ｑ６ Represents R Ｑ４ ~R Ｑ６ each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Ｙ represents a ring containing two or more carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent. However, when Q is an oxygen atom, the atom located at the α-position of the carbonyl group represented by >C=Q is an atom other than the carbonyl carbon. * represents a bonding position. Each Z is independently ═CR Ｚ - or a nitrogen atom. Ｚ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent Z. The substituent Z is an azo group, —NR Ｎ ２ R represents a substituent that does not contain any of the groups represented by formula (N) and —CH═Y. Ｎ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Y represents a group represented by formula (Y-1). In formula (N), C Ｎ represents a ring containing a nitrogen atom. Ｎ２ each independently represents a substituent; m represents an integer of 0 or more; when m is 2 or more, a plurality of R Ｎ２ may be bonded to each other to form a ring which may have a substituent. * indicates the bonding position.

2. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the compound satisfies at least one of the following conditions A to C. Condition A: The compound is a compound represented by formula (1), and at least one of R is a group selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, and an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Condition B: The compound has a structural formula containing -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ - and -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-, and R Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ are each independently a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group. Condition C: In the above-mentioned compound, at least one Z is ═CR Ｚ - and R Ｚ is a group selected from the above substituent group.

3. R Ｚ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group, an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted aromatic ring group, or an optionally substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group.

4. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound represented by any one of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (5-1). In formula (5-1), X, U １ , Y and Z are X, U in the formula (5). １ , Y and Z.

5. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound represented by formula (5-1a). In formula (5-1a), W is —SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. Ｘ２ ~R Ｘ５ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and X, Y, and Z have the same meanings as X, Y, and Z in formula (5).

6. The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the group represented by formula (Y-1) is a group represented by formula (C-1) or a group represented by formula (C-2). In formula (C-1), X ｃ１ and X ｃ２ each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｃ１ or =CR Ｃ２ R Ｃ３ Represents R Ｃ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｃ２ and R Ｃ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｃ４ , -COOR Ｃ５ , or -COR Ｃ６ Represents R Ｃ４ ~R Ｃ６ each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. ６ represents an aromatic ring which may have a substituent. ｃ３ ~X ｃ５ each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｃ１ or =CR Ｃ２ R Ｃ３ Represents R Ｃ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｃ２ and R Ｃ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｃ４ , -COOR Ｃ５ , or -COR Ｃ６ Represents R Ｃ４ ~R Ｃ６ each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. ｃ１ and Z ｃ２ are each independently -NR Ｃ７ -or-CR Ｃ８ ２ represents -, and R Ｃ７ and R Ｃ８ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

7. The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the photoelectric conversion film further contains an n-type organic semiconductor, and the photoelectric conversion film has a bulk heterostructure formed by mixing the compound and the n-type organic semiconductor.

8. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 7, wherein the n-type organic semiconductor contains a fullerene selected from the group consisting of fullerenes and derivatives thereof.

9. The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the photoelectric conversion film further contains a dye.

10. The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the photoelectric conversion film further contains a p-type organic semiconductor.

11. The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising one or more intermediate layers in addition to the photoelectric conversion film between the conductive film and the transparent conductive film.

12. An imaging device comprising the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

13. An optical sensor comprising the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

14. A method for manufacturing an imaging element, comprising the step of manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

15. A compound represented by any one of formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (3) to (5). In formula (1), one of A and B is -CR ２ -, and the other represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or -NR-. Each R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. In formulas (1), (2a), (2b), and (3) to (5), C1 represents a ring represented by formula (C1-1) or formula (C1-2), C2 represents a ring represented by formula (C2-1) or formula (C2-2), C3 represents a ring represented by formula (C3-1), C4 represents a ring represented by formula (C4-1), and C5 represents a ring represented by any of formulas (C5-1) to (C5-4). The double bond between the carbon atom marked with *1 and the carbon atom marked with *2 represents a fused ring position. Each X independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. U １ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. U ２ represents a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and each Y independently represents a group represented by formula (Y-1). In formula (Y-1), Q represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｑ１ , or =CR Ｑ２ R Ｑ３ Represents R Ｑ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｑ２ and R Ｑ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｑ４ , -COOR Ｑ５ , or -COR Ｑ６ Represents R Ｑ４ ~R Ｑ６ each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Ｙ represents a ring containing two or more carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent. However, when Q is an oxygen atom, the atom located at the α-position of the carbonyl group represented by >C=Q is an atom other than the carbonyl carbon. * represents a bonding position. Each Z is independently ═CR Ｚ - or a nitrogen atom. Ｚ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent Z. The substituent Z is an azo group, —NR Ｎ ２ R represents a substituent that does not contain any of the groups represented by formula (N) and —CH═Y. Ｎ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Y represents a group represented by formula (Y-1). In formula (N), C Ｎ represents a ring containing a nitrogen atom. Ｎ２ each independently represents a substituent; m represents an integer of 0 or more; when m is 2 or more, a plurality of R Ｎ２ may be bonded to each other to form a ring which may have a substituent. * indicates the bonding position.

16. The compound according to claim 15, which satisfies at least one of the following conditions A to C. Condition A: The compound is a compound represented by formula (1), and at least one R is a group selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, and an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Condition B: The compound has a structural formula containing -NR Ｘ１ -, -SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ - and -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-, and R Ｘ１ ~R Ｘ５ are each independently a group selected from the above-mentioned substituent group. Condition C: In the above-mentioned compound, at least one Z is ═CR Ｚ - and R Ｚ is a group selected from the above substituent group.

17. R Ｚ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a silyl group, an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted aromatic ring group, or an optionally substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group.

18. The compound according to claim 15, wherein the compound is a compound represented by any one of formula (1), formula (2a), formula (2b), and formula (5-1). In formula (5-1), X, U １ , Y and Z are X, U in the formula (5). １ , Y and Z.

19. The compound according to claim 15, wherein the compound is a compound represented by formula (5-1a). In formula (5-1a), W is —SiR Ｘ２ ２ -, -GeR Ｘ３ ２ -, -CR Ｘ４ ２ -, or -C(=CR Ｘ５ ２ )-. Ｘ２ ~R Ｘ５ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and X, Y, and Z have the same meanings as X, Y, and Z in formula (5).

20. The compound according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the group represented by formula (Y-1) is a group represented by formula (C-1) or a group represented by formula (C-2). In formula (C-1), X ｃ１ and X ｃ２ each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｃ１ or =CR Ｃ２ R Ｃ３ Represents R Ｃ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｃ２ and R Ｃ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｃ４ , -COOR Ｃ５ , or -COR Ｃ６ Represents R Ｃ４ ~R Ｃ６ each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. ６ represents an aromatic ring which may have a substituent. ｃ３ ~X ｃ５ each independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or ═NR Ｃ１ or =CR Ｃ２ R Ｃ３ Represents R Ｃ１ represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ｃ２ and R Ｃ３ each independently represents a cyano group, —SO ２ R Ｃ４ , -COOR Ｃ５ , or -COR Ｃ６ Represents R Ｃ４ ~R Ｃ６ each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an aromatic ring group which may have a substituent, or an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. ｃ１ and Z ｃ２ are each independently -NR Ｃ７ -or-CR Ｃ８ ２ represents -, and R Ｃ７ and R Ｃ８ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

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