Artificial intelligence or machine learning positioning
By implementing a signaling mechanism for channel measurements and TRP pattern model information exchange, the solution addresses the inconsistency issue in AI/ML positioning, ensuring model-environment fitness and improving positioning accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077130
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication technologies lack effective mechanisms to monitor and ensure consistency between training and inference for AI/ML positioning models, particularly in multi-TRP scenarios, leading to suboptimal positioning accuracy due to mismatched model-environment fitness.
A signaling mechanism is introduced where a terminal device receives a request for channel measurements and information on stored TRP pattern models, transmitting this data to a network device, which determines and communicates a target TRP pattern model for improved positioning accuracy by ensuring model-environment fitness.
This approach enhances AI/ML positioning accuracy by ensuring consistency between training and inference, improving model suitability for the current wireless environment, thereby enhancing positioning precision.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024077130_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR MACHINE LEARNING POSITIONINGFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate to the field of communication and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for improving artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) positioning accuracy.BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. A communication device may be provided with a service by an application server. Such communication networks operate in according with standards such as those provided by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) . Examples of standards are the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standards provided by 3GPP.
[0003] From a standardization perspective, 3GPP Release 18 has approved to study the benefits of augmenting the air-interface by the latest advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) , and AI / ML positioning accuracy enhancement is regarded as one of most representative use case. According to the agreement, the 3GPP agrees to study the necessity, feasibility and potential specification impact for methods to assess or monitor the applicability and expected performance of an inactive model or functionality.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for improving AI / ML positioning, especially, for monitoring the model-environment-fitness of the transmission and reception points (TRP) pattern model.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to: receive, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; transmit, to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; and receive, from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to: transmit, to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; receive, from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information; determine, based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; and transmit, to the terminal device, the second information.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a method. The method may comprise: receiving, at a terminal device from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; transmitting, by the terminal device to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; and receiving, by the terminal device from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method may comprise: transmitting, by a network device to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; receiving, by the network device from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information; determining, by the network device based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; and transmitting, by the network device to the terminal device, the second information.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus may comprise: means for receiving, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; means for transmitting, to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; and means for receiving, from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus may comprise: means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; means for receiving, from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information; means for determining, based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; and means for transmitting, to the terminal device, the second information.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method according to any of the third and fourth aspects.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method according to any of the third and fourth aspects.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device may include: first transmitting circuitry configured to receive, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; second transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; and receiving circuitry configured to receive, from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device may include: first transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; receiving circuitry configured to receive, from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information; determining circuitry configured to determine, based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; and second transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the terminal device, the second information.
[0015] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0017] Fig. 1A illustrates an example of a network environment in which some embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0018] Fig. 1B illustrates an exemplary deployment of evaluation zones for a TRP pattern model in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
[0019] Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling process for monitoring the environment fitness of a TRP-pattern model in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary signaling process for monitoring TRP pattern model in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] Fig. 4 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of a model selection procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] Fig. 5 illustrates an exemplary illustration of the TRP locations and TRP patterns for models in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] Fig. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0026] Fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer-readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0027] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0029] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0030] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0031] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0032] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes” , “including” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0033] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0034] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0035] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0036] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0037] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0038] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0039] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0040] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0041] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0042] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0043] With the development of communication technology, 3GPP has started to provide support for AI / ML positioning in the latest RAN plenary with the following objectives: (1) for the direct AI / ML position, it may need positioning accuracy enhancements for the UE-based positioning with UE-side model, and direct AI / ML positioning; (2) it needs to specify necessary measurements and signaling mechanism (s) to facilitate Life Cycle Management (LCM) operations specific to the positioning accuracy enhancements use cases; (3) it needs methods to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding network device-side additional conditions (if identified) for inference at UE for relevant positioning.
[0044] According to the agreement, the 3GPP agrees to study the necessity, feasibility and potential specification impact for methods to assess or monitor the applicability and expected performance of an inactive model or functionality. Further, 3GPP also agrees to study the monitoring approach to ensure the consistency between training and inference. For example, for inference for UE-side models, it needs to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding NW-side additional conditions (if identified) . It is may be potential approach to ensure the consistency between training and inference by monitoring (by UE and / or NW) the performance of UE-side candidate models or functionalities to select a model or functionality. Therefore, for the model / functionality-based LCM, it is essential to have a monitoring mechanism in place to evaluate the fitness of the model or functionality, and this mechanism needs to be clearly specified.
[0045] In view of the above, some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for improving AI / ML positioning accuracy, for example, for monitoring the model-environment-fitness of the transmission and reception points (TRP) pattern model. In some example embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device. The terminal device transmits to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information. The terminal device receives from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning. In this way, an appropriate TRP pattern model for positioning at a current wireless environment of the terminal device can be determined, thereby improving AI / ML positioning accuracy, especially, monitoring the model-environment-fitness of the TRP pattern model.
[0046] Fig. 1A illustrates an example network environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The environment 100, which may be a part of a communication network, includes terminal devices and network devices. As illustrated in Fig. 1A, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110. The communication network 100 may further include a network device 120, a network device 130 (hereinafter may also be referred to as a TRP or site) and a network device 140 (hereinafter may also be referred to as a network device comprising a location management function entity (LMF) ) . In DL positioning, the network device or TRP 120 and 130 may transmit positioning reference signals (PRS) to the terminal device 110, and the network device 140 may request the terminal device 110 to collect PRS samples for each selected TRP 120 or 130.
[0047] It is to be understood that the number of network devices and terminal devices is given only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The system 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more terminal devices may be located in the environment 100.
[0048] Communications in the network environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) or beyond, wireless local network communication protocols such as institute for electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) , time division multiplexing (TDM) , frequency division multiplexing (FDM) , code division multiplexing (CDM) , Bluetooth, ZigBee, and machine type communication (MTC) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communication (mMTC) , ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) , carrier aggregation (CA) , dual connection (DC) , and new radio unlicensed (NR-U) technologies.
[0049] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connection relationships and types shown in Fig. 1A are for illustrative purposes only without suggesting any limitation. The communication system 100 may include any suitable number of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0050] As mentioned above, in order to study the necessity, feasibility and potential specification impact for methods to assess or monitor the applicability and expected performance of an inactive model or functionality, 3GPP has agreed to study the monitoring approach to ensure the consistency between training and inference. For example, for inference for UE-side models, it needs to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding NW-side additional conditions (if identified) . It is may be potential approach to ensure the consistency between training and inference by monitoring (by UE and / or NW) the performance of UE-side candidate models or functionalities to select a model or functionality. Therefore, for the model or functionality-based LCM, it is essential to have a monitoring mechanism in place to evaluate the fitness of the model or functionality, and this mechanism needs to be clearly specified.
[0051] It also has agreed to evaluate the multi-TRPs AI / ML positioning. For the evaluation of AI / ML based positioning, the study of model input due to different number of TRPs include the two approaches. Proponent of each approach provide analysis for model performance, signaling overhead (including training data collection and model inference) , model complexity and computational complexity. For approach 1, model input size stays constant as NTRP=18. When N’ TRP < NTRP, the remaining (NTRP -N’ TRP) TRPs do not provide measurements to model input, i.e., measurement value is set to 0 such that the (NTRP -N’ TRP) TRPs do not affect model output. For a sub-approach 1-A, the set of TRPs (N’TRP) that provide measurements are fixed. However, for another sub-approach 1-B, the set of TRPs (N’ TRP) that provide measurements can change dynamically. The number of TRPs (N’ TRP) that provide measurements to model input may vary.
[0052] For approach 2, the TRP dimension of model input is equal to the number of TRPs (N’TRP) that provide measurements as model input. When N’ TRP < NTRP, the remaining (NTRP -N’ TRP) TRPs are ignored by the given model. For a given AI / ML model, the set of TRPs (N’ TRP) that provide measurements is fixed. For a sub-approach 2-A, the set of active TRPs (N’ TRP) that provide measurements is fixed. For the sub-approach 1-A and sub-approach 2-A, one model can be provided to cover the entire evaluation area, which is equivalent to deploying N’ TRP TRPs in the evaluation area for positioning and also ignoring the potential inference from the remaining (18 -N’ TRP) TRPs. For a sub-approach 2-B, the set of active TRPs (N’ TRP) that provide measurements can change dynamically. For the sub-approach 2-B, one model is developed to handle various patterns of active TRPs.
[0053] Therefore, in order to facilitate AI / ML positioning enhancements in multi-TRP scenario, it becomes crucial to specify the necessary signaling mechanisms and implementation operations conducive to LCM, which is specific to identified use cases. According to the 3GPP agreements, the multi-TRP evaluations have been conducted. Based on evaluation results by 8 sources, for TRP reduction of direct AI / ML positioning, the approaches supporting dynamic TRP pattern can achieve the horizontal positioning accuracy Edynamic = (0.80~2.15) Efixed (meters) , wherein Edynamic is the horizontal positioning accuracy achieved by the dynamic TRP patterns, and the Efixed is the horizontal positioning accuracy achieved by the fixed TRP patterns.
[0054] For TRP reduction of AI / ML assisted positioning with multi-TRP construction, based on evaluation results by 2 sources, the approaches supporting dynamic TRP pattern can achieve the horizontal positioning accuracy Edynamic = (1.03~1.74) Efixed (meters) , when other design parameters are held the same. Herein, Edynamic (meters) is the horizontal positioning accuracy at CDF=90%for approaches supporting dynamic TRP pattern (i.e., sub-approach 1-B and 2-B) , Efixed (meters) is the horizontal positioning accuracy at CDF=90%for approaches supporting fixed TRP pattern (i.e., sub-approach 1-A and 2-A) .
[0055] Therefore, according to the above summation, for example, Edynamic = (0.80~2.15) Efixed (meters) or Edynamic = (1.03~1.74) Efixed (meters) , the model with fixed TRP pattern (i.e., sub-approach 1-A and 2-A) shows better positioning accuracy in majority cases. However, there still lacks research on the LCM signaling for this fixed-TRP-pattern model deployment.
[0056] Hereinafter, a deployment of evaluation zones for a whole area for the fixed-TRP-pattern will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. As shown in Fig. 1B, the evaluation area is divided into three non-overlapping zones, for example, zone A, zone B, and zone C, and three fixed-TRP-pattern models may be trained for them.
[0057] In order to evaluate the model fitness, a specific fixed-TRP-pattern model is trained for the Zone A with a fixed TRP pattern, and then its positioning performance is evaluated with other TRP patterns and testing zones. The evaluation results are provided in Table 1.
[0058] Table 1 Positioning accuracy of a fixed-TRP pattern model in different zones (such as zone A, zone B, and Zone C) and with different TRP patterns (for example, different TRPs)
[0059] As shown in Table 1, the first row is the baseline for comparison, and as shown in first row, the Zone A is trained by TRPs 0, 1, 2, 3. As shown in the second row and the third row, it can be observed that if the fixed-TRP-pattern model is tested in zone A and tested with other TRP patter (for example, TRPs 0, 1, 2, 4 for the second row, and TRPs 0, 2, 3, 5 for the third row) instead of the training TRP pattern (for example, TRPs 0, 1, 2, 3) , the positioning accuracy would deteriorate. As can be seen, the accuracy of 13.16 meters and of 25.75 meters are lower than the accuracy of 7.34 meters.
[0060] On the other hand, if the fixed-TRP-pattern model is tested with the training TRP pattern (for example, TRPs 0, 1, 2, 3) in other zones, such as in Zone B of the fourth row and Zone C of the fifth row, instead of the training zone (for example, Zone A) , its performance would also deteriorate. as can be seen, the accuracy of 43.09 meters and of 99.93 meters are lower than the accuracy of 7.34 meters. Therefore, it may have the conclusion that for a fixed-TRP-pattern model, it is essential to deploy this model in its same training zone (for example, Zone A) and use the same TRP training patter (for example, TRPs 0, 1, 2, 3) .
[0061] However, in real-world deployment, when a UE owns a plurality of fixed-TRP-pattern models for the whole area, the UE lacks the information of TRP deployment, thus it is difficult for the UE to assess or evaluate which fixed-TRP pattern model is suitable for the current environment. On the contrary, a location management function (LMF) possesses the TRP deployment knowledge as well as the wireless channel information of the whole area, and the LMF may be capable of assisting the UE to monitor the model suitability. There is a need for providing a new signaling between the LMF and the UE to improve the AI / ML positioning accuracy by ensuring consistency between training and inference regarding NW-side additional conditions.
[0062] Hereinafter, an example signal process 200 for monitoring the environment fitness of a TRP-pattern model will be described with reference to Fig. 2. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 may be described with reference to Fig. 1A. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110, and the network devices 140 as illustrated in Fig. 1A. It would be appreciated that although the process 200 has been described in the communication environment 100 of Fig. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues.
[0063] As shown in Fig. 2, in process 200, the network device 140 (for example, a LMF) transmits (205) a request 201 to a terminal device 110 (for example, a UE) for channel measurements of the terminal device 110 and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device 110. The terminal device 110 receives (210) the request 201 and then transmits (215) the requested information 202 comprising the channel measurement and the information on the TRP pattern models to the network device 140. The network device 140 receives (220) the requested information 202.
[0064] In some embodiments, the TRP pattern models are fixed-TRP-pattern models, which mean the set of TRPs (N’ TRP) that provide measurements are fixed, or the set of active TRPs (N’TRP) that provide measurements is fixed. The terminal device 110 may store several TRP pattern models for positioning, and the TRP pattern models have been trained by the network device 140, such as an LMF. For example, each pattern model is trained for each zone, and the TRP patterns for the plurality of TRP patterns may not be overlapped with each other, and the zones divided for training may be not overlapped with each other.
[0065] In some embodiments, the channel measurements of the terminal device 110 and the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models stored in the terminal device 110 are requisite information for monitoring the fitness between the model and the wireless environment. In some embodiments, the requisite information includes the input TRP indices for each pre-stored model and received channel measurements of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the input TRP indices for each pre-stored model are the TRP indices used for training the model. In some embodiments, the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models comprises or is related to network-side additional conditions.
[0066] In some embodiments, the received channel measurement may be the power information on the channel measurement, such as Reference Signal Received Path Power (RSRPP) ; a delay information on the channel measurement, such as delay profile (PD) ; a channel impulse response (CIR) ; a power delay profile (PDP) ; or any combination thereof. For the DP information, the delay profile mainly focuses on the distribution of signals at different delay times, while the PDP focuses on the distribution of signal power at different delay times. DP provides distribution information of signal arrival time, while PDP provides signal power changes over the delay time.
[0067] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also transmit a request for monitoring the fitness between a current TRP pattern model and a wireless environment of the terminal device, and upon reception of the request for monitoring, the network device 140 may transmit the request 201 for the channel measurement of the terminal device and the first information to the terminal device 110.
[0068] After receiving the channel measurement of the terminal device and the first information, the network device 140 may determine (225) , based on the channel measurement of the terminal device and the first information, a second information 203 on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning. It should be understood that “based on” means “at least partially based on” . In some embodiments, the network device 140 determines the second information based on the channel measurement of the terminal device, the first information, and dataset pre-stored in the network device or downloaded from a data center. In some embodiments, dataset pre-stored in the network device or downloaded from a data center may comprise channel measurements and position coordinates of all pre-stored TRPs for a certain whole area. In some embodiment, the target TRP pattern model is the most appropriate positioning model for the terminal device 110 at the current environment. Then, the network device 140 transmits (230) the second information 203 on the target TRP pattern model to the terminal device 110, and the terminal device 110 receives (235) the second information 203.
[0069] In some embodiments, the network device 140 may determine whether the terminal device 110 needs to switch the current model based on the second information, and then transmit an indication to the terminal device 110 along with the second information on the target mode (for example, TRP pattern of the target TRP-pattern model) . If the target model is different from the model currently used by the terminal device 110, it means that the model in use by the terminal device 110 is not suitable for its current environment, the network device140 may determine that the terminal device 110 needs to switch to the target model, and the network device 140 may transmit the indication for switching and the TRP pattern of the target model to the terminal device 110.
[0070] In some embodiments, upon reception of the information on the target TRP-pattern model, the terminal device 110 may determine whether the target TRP-pattern model is the same as the current model, and if yes, the terminal device 110 may not switch the current model, whereas if no, the terminal device 110 may switch from the current model to the target model.
[0071] In the process 200, an approach and associated signaling for monitor the model-environment-fitness of a TRP-pattern model is provided. Multiple models are stored at the terminal device 110. The terminal device 110 sends to the network device 140 the information of TRP indices for its pre-stored TRP-pattern models as well as its received channel measurements. Since the network device 140 has the instinctive knowledge of all TRP locations and has stored the wireless channel dataset of the whole area, with the above information from the terminal device 110, the network device 140 can assess which TRP-pattern model is the most suitable for the current wireless environment of the terminal device 110. In the process 200, the network device 140 provides information on the target TRP pattern model, which is a most appropriate positioning model for the current wireless environment, and that is to say, the fitness between the model and the wireless environment is monitored. By monitoring the fitness between the model and the wireless environment, the consistency between training and inference regarding NW-side additional conditions can be ensured, thereby improving the AI / ML positioning accuracy.
[0072] Hereinafter, an exemplary signaling process 300 for monitoring TRP pattern model in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 3. It is understood that the UE 310 in Fig. 3 may be an example of the terminal device 110 in Figs. 1 and 2, and the LMF 340 in Fig. 3 may be an example of the network device 140 in Figs. 1 and 2.
[0073] At S1, which shows a pre-condition, the UE 310 may pre-store several fixed-TRP-pattern models relevant to the located area and select one model from the several fixed-TRP- pattern models for positioning. It should be noted that the TRP patterns of the pre-stored fixed-TRP-pattern models may not be overlapped with each other. For example, TRPs 0, 1, 2, 3 are stored for the first fixed-TRP-pattern model (for example, TRPs 0, 1, 2, 3 are selected for training the first fixed-TRP-pattern model) . TRPs 0, 1, 2, 4 are stored for the second fixed-TRP-pattern model, for example, for training the second fixed-TRP-pattern model, and TRPs 0, 2, 3, 4 are stored for the third fixed-TRP-pattern model, for example, for training third fixed-TRP-pattern model.
[0074] At S2, the UE 310 may request the LMF 340 for monitoring the fitness between the selected fixed-TRP-pattern model and the wireless environment by sending a request message. Since the UE 310 knows little about the TRP deployment information and the local wireless environment, for example, the deployments of the TRPs 120 and 130, the UE 310 is not aware of model-environment-fitness. However, the LMF 340 possesses the global knowledge of wireless environment and TRP location information, for example, the location information of all TRPs for the whole area. Therefore, the UE 310 may request the LMF for monitoring the fitness between the selected fixed-TRP-pattern model and the wireless environment. That is to say, when the UE 310 stores several fixed-TRP-pattern models and wants to determine whether the currently selected model is the most appropriate model, the UE 310 may send a request to the LMF 340 for model-environment-fitness monitoring.
[0075] At S3, upon reception of the monitoring request, the LMF 340 may query the UE 310 about the requisite information for monitoring. That is to say, once the LMF 340 receives the request, the LMF 340 may query the UE 310 for requisite information. In some embodiments, the requisite information includes the input TRP indices for each pre-stored model and UE’s received channel measurements, for example, CIR or PDP, and the like. At S4, the UE 310 provides the requisite information back to the LMF 340.
[0076] At S5, with the received information and the pre-stored dataset in the LMF 340 or dataset downloaded from a data center, the LMF 340 may determine information on a most appropriate fixed-TRP-pattern model for positioning at the UE’s current wireless environment based on a fixed-TRP-pattern model selection mechanism, which will be described with reference to Fig. 4. At S6, based on the result of the determination, the LMF 340 may transmit to the UE 310 the information on the appropriate fixed-TRP-pattern model for positioning. In some embodiment, the information on the predicted or the determined suitable model may include TRP patterns of the model.
[0077] In some embodiments, the LMF 340 may determine whether the UE 310 needs to switch the current model based on the information on the predicted fixed-TRP-pattern model, and then transmit an indication to the UE 310 along with the information on the model, for example, TRP pattern of the predicted fixed-TRP-pattern model. That is to say, the LMF 340 may determine whether the UE 310 should switch the fixed-TRP-pattern model based on the predicted cluster index which indicates the appropriate positioning model for the UE 310. If the indicated model is different from the model currently used by the UE 310, it means that the model in use by the UE 310 is not suitable for its current environment, and the LMF 340 may determine that UE 310 should switch to the indicated model, and the LMF 340 may transmit the indication and the TRP pattern of the indicated model to the UE 310. If the indicated model is the same as the model currently used by the UE 310, it means that the model in use by the UE 310 is suitable for its current environment, and the LMF 340 may determine that UE 310 may not switch to the current model, and the LMF 340 may transit the indication and the information of the indicated model (which is also the current model) together to the UE 310.
[0078] In some embodiments, upon reception of the information on the predicted fixed-TRP-pattern model, the UE 310 may determine whether the predicted fixed-TRP-pattern model is the same as the current model, and if yes, the UE 310 may not switch the current model, whereas if no, the UE 310 may switch from the current model to the predicted model.
[0079] Hereinafter, an exemplary flow chart 400 of a model selection procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 4, and an exemplary illustration of the TRP locations and TRP patterns for models in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig 5.
[0080] As shown in Fig. 5, dataset (for example, data for the gray dots) may be presorted in the LMF 340, and the data set may represent the positioning coordination labels of TRPs for the whole area and the channel measurements for these TRPs. That is to say, the LMF 340 possesses the TRP deployment knowledge as well as the wireless channel information of the whole area.
[0081] As shown in Fig. 5, the UE 310 may store three fixed-TRP-pattern models with different TRP patterns. The first fixed-TRP-pattern model is denoted by the dark circle, and the TRP pattern of the first fixed-TRP-pattern model comprises the TRP1-1, TRP1-2, TRP1-3, and TRP1-4. As shown in Fig. 5, the second fixed-TRP-pattern model is denoted by the dark triangle, and the TRP pattern of the second fixed-TRP-pattern model comprises the TRP2-1, TRP2-2, TRP2-3, and TRP2-4. As shown in Fig. 5, the third fixed-TRP-pattern model is denoted by the dark rectangle, and the TRP pattern of the third fixed-TRP-pattern model comprises the TRP3-1, TRP3-2, TRP3-3, and TRP3-4. The TRP1-1, TRP1-2, TRP1-3, TRP1-4, TRP2-1, TRP2-2, TRP2-3, TRP2-4, TRP3-1, TRP3-2, TRP3-3, and TRP3-4 may be some specific dots selected from the gray dots, and the LMF 340 possesses the TRP deployment knowledge and wireless channel information of these TRPs when receiving the input TRP indices from the UE 310.
[0082] As shown in Fig. 5, for each model’s TRP pattern, all the coordinates of the TRPs used in each model form a convex polygon in the map, for example, for the first fixed-TRP-pattern model, the TRP1-1, TRP1-2, TRP1-3, and TRP1-4 form a polygon with a center C1 denoted by a dark start, and for the second fixed-TRP-pattern model, the TRP2-1, TRP2-2, TRP2-3, and TRP2-4 form a polygon with a center C2 denoted by a dark start. For the third fixed-TRP-pattern model, the TRP3-1, TRP3-2, TRP3-3, and TRP3-4 form a polygon with a center C3 denoted by a dark start.
[0083] Once the LMF 340 receives the information about UE’s input TRP indices of each pre-stored model and UE’s received channel measurements, the LMF 340 would select the most appropriate model based on fixed-TRP-pattern model selection mechanism and determine whether UE should switch the model.
[0084] As shown in Fig. 4, at 410, the LMF 340 may calculate a location center (for example, the center C1, the center C2, or the center C3) of a polygon (for example, a convex polygon) formed by the coordinates of the TRPs used in each model. In some embodiments, the center of the polygon may be the geometric center, the center from least squares fitting, the center of minimum bounding rectangle of the polygon. The center (for example, the center C1, the center C2, or the center C3) of the polygon may be recorded as “positioning coordinate cluster center” . Optionally, this center may serve as an initial point for subsequent iterative clustering calculations for converged cluster centers. That is to say, the positioning coordination cluster center may serve as an initial point for subsequent iterative clustering calculations to achieve converged cluster centers.
[0085] For example, the LMF 340 receives three potential fix-TRP-pattern models from the UE 310. As shown in Fig. 5, with the specific TRP indices and the coordinates of the TRPs used in each model, the LMF 340 may form a convex polygon in the map for each TRP pattern of each model. The LMF 340 regards the positioning coordinate center of each model (for example, the center C1, the center C2, or the center C3) as the positioning coordinate cluster center.
[0086] The LMF 340 has the pre-stored dataset, which is consists of channel measurements and ground truth positioning coordination labels of the whole area, for example, the gray pots as shown in Fig. 5. At 420, for each location center, from the LMF’s pre-stored dataset, the LFM 140 may select a sample with the closest distance to the “location center” of each TRP pattern as the channel measurement cluster center. For example, the LMF 340 may select the pot S1 closest to the center C1 for the first fixed TRP pattern mode, select the pot S2 closest to the center C2 for the second fixed TRP pattern mode, and select the pot S3 closest to the center C3 for the third fixed TRP pattern mode, as shown in Fig. 5. Then, the LMF 340 may record or store the channel measurements of the selected pot, S1, S2, or S3 as the “channel measurement cluster center” .
[0087] At 430, with the channel measurement cluster centers, for example, the channel measurements of the samples S1, S2, and S3, the LMF 340 uses a cluster algorithm (for example, a k-means clustering) to predict which cluster center the received UE channel measurement should belong to. As show in Fig. 5, the location of the UE 310 is denoted by a dark cross. As shown in Fig. 5, with the channel measurement received from the UE 310 and the channel measurements of the samples S1, S2, and S3, the LMF 340 may predict that the cluster center S2 may be the target cluster center that the UE channel measurement belongs to.
[0088] At 440, based on the target cluster center determined at 430, the LMF 340 may determine the most appropriate positioning model for the current environment of the UE 310. As shown in Fig. 5, the LMF 340 may determine that the second fixed-TRP-pattern model may be the ideal model. That is to say, the predict cluster center (for example, S2) indicates the suitable fixed-TRP-pattern model (for example, second fixed-TRP-pattern model) of the UE's current location.
[0089] The LMF 340 would determine whether the UE 310 should switch the fixed-TRP-pattern model based on the predicted cluster center index which indicates the appropriate positioning model for UE. If the indicated model is different from the model currently used by UE, it means that the model in use by UE is not suitable for its current environment, and UE should switch to the indicated model.
[0090] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 with reference to Fig. 1A.
[0091] At block 610, the terminal device 110 receives from the network device 140, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device. At block 620, the terminal device 110 transmits, to the network device 140, the channel measurements and the first information. At block 630, the terminal device 110 receives, from the network device 140, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning.
[0092] In some embodiments, the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning comprises a TRP pattern of the target TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 further determines whether to switch a current TRP pattern model based on the second information.
[0093] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 further receives, from the network device 140, an indication whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 further keeps using the current TRP pattern model in the event that the indication indicates that the terminal device is not to switch the current TRP pattern model, or switches from the current TRP pattern model to the target TRP pattern model in the event that the indication indicates the terminal is to switch the current TRP pattern model.
[0094] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 further transmits, to the network device, a request for monitoring fitness between a current TRP pattern model and a wireless environment of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models comprises input TRP indices of each TRP pattern model which are used for training the TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models is related to a network-side additional condition. In some embodiments, the channel measurements comprise at least one of the following: a channel impulse response (CIR) ; a power delay profile (PDP) ; a power information on the channel measurements; or a delay information on the channel measurements.
[0095] In some embodiments, the plurality of TRP pattern models are trained with TPR patterns for different areas or different environments, respectively. In some embodiments, the TRP patterns for the plurality of TRP pattern models are not overlapping. In some embodiments, the plurality of TRP pattern models are fixed-TRP-pattern models.
[0096] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at a network device in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the network device 140 with reference to Fig. 1A.
[0097] At block 710, the network device 140 transmits, to a terminal device 110, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device. At block 720, the network device 140 receives, from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information. At block 730, the network device 140 determines, based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning. At block 740, the network device 140 transmits, to the terminal device, the second information.
[0098] In some embodiments, the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning comprises a TRP pattern of the target TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the network device 140 further determines, based on the second information, whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model; and transmits, to the terminal device, a result message of the determination, wherein the second information is included in the result message.
[0099] In some embodiments, the network device 140 determines whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model by: based on determining that the target TRP pattern model is different from the current TRP pattern model, determining that the terminal device is to switch the current TRP pattern model.
[0100] In some embodiments, the network device 140 further receives, from the terminal device, a request for monitoring fitness between a current TRP pattern model and a wireless environment of the terminal device, wherein the network device 140 is triggered to transmit the request for the channel measurements and the information based on reception of the request for monitoring the fitness.
[0101] In some embodiments, the network device 140 determines the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning by: determining, based on dataset stored in the network device, a plurality of cluster centers related to the plurality of TRP pattern models; determining, based on the channel measurements of the terminal device and the plurality of cluster centers, a target cluster center among the plurality of cluster centers, to which the channel measurements of the terminal device belong; and determining, based on the target cluster center, the second information.
[0102] In some embodiments, the network device 140 determines each of the plurality of cluster centers related to the plurality of TRP pattern models by: determining, based on the dataset, a position center of a polygon, wherein the polygon is formed by positions of TRPs in each TRP pattern among TRP patterns of the plurality of TRP pattern models; selecting a target position based on the dataset, wherein coordinate of the target position is closest to the position center of the polygon; and recording channel measurement of the target position as the cluster center. In some embodiments, the position center of the polygon is calculated as at least one of the following: a geometric center; a center from least squares fitting; or a center of minimum bounding rectangle. In some embodiments, the network device is a location management function (LMF) . In some embodiments, the plurality of TRP pattern models are fixed-TRP-pattern models. In some embodiments, the dataset comprises channel measurements and position coordinates of TRPs in a certain whole area.
[0103] In some embodiments, an apparatus (for example, the terminal device 110) capable of performing the method 600 may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0104] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; means for transmitting, to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; and means for receiving, from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning
[0105] In some embodiments, the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning comprises a TRP pattern of the target TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for determining whether to switch a current TRP pattern model based on the second information.
[0106] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving, from the network device, an indication whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for keeping using the current TRP pattern model in the event that the indication indicates that the terminal device is not to switch the current TRP pattern model, or means for switching from the current TRP pattern model to the target TRP pattern model in the event that the indication indicates the terminal is to switch the current TRP pattern model.
[0107] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting, to the network device, a request for monitoring fitness between a current TRP pattern model and a wireless environment of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models comprises input TRP indices of each TRP pattern model which are used for training the TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models is related to a network-side additional condition. In some embodiments, the channel measurements comprise at least one of the following: a channel impulse response (CIR) ; a power delay profile (PDP) ; a power information on the channel measurements; or a delay information on the channel measurements.
[0108] In some embodiments, the plurality of TRP pattern models are trained with TPR patterns for different areas or different environments, respectively. In some embodiments, the TRP patterns for the plurality of TRP pattern models are not overlapping. In some embodiments, the plurality of TRP pattern models are fixed-TRP-pattern models.
[0109] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 600. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0110] In some embodiments, an apparatus (for example, the network device 140) capable of performing the method 700 may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0111] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device; means for receiving, from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information; means for determining, based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; and means for transmitting, to the terminal device, the second information.
[0112] In some embodiments, the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning comprises a TRP pattern of the target TRP pattern model. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for determining, based on the second information, whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model; and means for transmitting, to the terminal device, a result message of the determination, wherein the second information is included in the result message.
[0113] In some embodiments, the means for determining whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model comprises means for based on determining that the target TRP pattern model is different from the current TRP pattern model, determining that the terminal device is to switch the current TRP pattern model.
[0114] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving from the terminal device, a request for monitoring fitness between a current TRP pattern model and a wireless environment of the terminal device, wherein the apparatus is triggered to transmit the request for the channel measurements and the information based on reception of the request for monitoring the fitness.
[0115] In some embodiments, the means for determining the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning comprises: means for determining, based on dataset stored in the network device, a plurality of cluster centers related to the plurality of TRP pattern models; means for determining, based on the channel measurements of the terminal device and the plurality of cluster centers, a target cluster center among the plurality of cluster centers, to which the channel measurements of the terminal device belong; and means for determining, based on the target cluster center, the second information.
[0116] In some embodiments, the means for determining each of the plurality of cluster centers related to the plurality of TRP pattern models comprises: means for determining, based on the dataset, a position center of a polygon, wherein the polygon is formed by positions of TRPs in each TRP pattern among TRP patterns of the plurality of TRP pattern models; means for selecting a target position based on the dataset, wherein coordinate of the target position is closest to the position center of the polygon; and means for recording channel measurement of the target position as the cluster center. In some embodiments, the position center of the polygon is calculated as at least one of the following: a geometric center; a center from least squares fitting; or a center of minimum bounding rectangle. In some embodiments, the apparatus is a location management function (LMF) . In some embodiments, the plurality of TRP pattern models are fixed-TRP-pattern models.
[0117] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 700. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0118] Fig. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the terminal device 110 and the network device 140 as shown in Fig. 1A. As shown, the device 800 includes one or more processors 810, one or more memories 820 coupled to the processor 810, and one or more communication modules 840 coupled to the processor 810.
[0119] The communication module 840 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network devices.
[0120] The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0121] The memory 820 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM) 824, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 822 and other volatile memories that may not last in the power-down duration.
[0122] A computer program 830 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 810. The program 830 may be stored in the ROM 824. The processor 810 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 830 into the RAM 822.
[0123] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program so that the device 800 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to Figs. 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0124] In some embodiments, the program 830 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 800 (such as in the memory 820) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 800. The device 800 may load the program 830 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 822 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like.
[0125] Fig. 9 illustrates an example of the computer readable medium 900 in form of CD or DVD in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The computer readable medium has the program 930 stored thereon. It is noted that although the computer-readable medium 900 is depicted in form of CD or DVD, the computer-readable medium 900 may be in any other form suitable for carry or hold the program 830.
[0126] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0127] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method 600 or 700 as described above with reference to Fig. 6 to Fig. 7. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0128] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0129] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0130] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0131] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that may be described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0132] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above may be disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to:receive, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device;transmit, to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; andreceive, from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning comprises a TRP pattern of the target TRP pattern model.3.The terminal device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine whether to switch a current TRP pattern model based on the second information.4.The terminal device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from the network device, an indication whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model.5.The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:keep using the current TRP pattern model in the event that the indication indicates that the terminal device is not to switch the current TRP pattern model, orswitch from the current TRP pattern model to the target TRP pattern model in the event that the indication indicates the terminal is to switch the current TRP pattern model.6.The terminal device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:transmit, to the network device, a request for monitoring fitness between a current TRP pattern model and a wireless environment of the terminal device.7.The terminal device of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models comprises input TRP indices of each TRP pattern model which are used for training the TRP pattern model.8.The terminal device of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first information on the plurality of TRP pattern models is related to a network-side additional condition.9.The terminal device of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the channel measurements comprise at least one of the following:a channel impulse response (CIR) ;a power delay profile (PDP) ;a power information on the channel measurements; ora delay information on the channel measurements.10.The terminal device of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of TRP pattern models are trained with TPR patterns for different areas or different environments, respectively.11.The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the TRP patterns for the plurality of TRP pattern models are not overlapping.12.The terminal device of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the plurality of TRP pattern models are fixed-TRP-pattern models.13.A network device, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to:transmit, to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device;receive, from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information;determine, based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; andtransmit, to the terminal device, the second information.14.The network device of claim 13, wherein the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning comprises a TRP pattern of the target TRP pattern model.15.The network device of claim 13 or 14, wherein the network device is further caused to:determine, based on the second information, whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model; andtransmit, to the terminal device, a result message of the determination, wherein the second information is included in the result message.16.The network device of claim 15, wherein the network device is caused to determine whether the terminal device is to switch a current TRP pattern model by:based on determining that the target TRP pattern model is different from the current TRP pattern model, determining that the terminal device is to switch the current TRP pattern model.17.The network device of any of claims 13 to 16, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, a request for monitoring fitness between a current TRP pattern model and a wireless environment of the terminal device,wherein the network device is triggered to transmit the request for the channel measurements and the information based on reception of the request for monitoring the fitness.18.The network device of any of claims 13 to 17, wherein the network device is caused to determine the second information on the target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning by:determining, based on dataset stored in the network device and the first information, a plurality of cluster centers related to the plurality of TRP pattern models;determining, based on the channel measurements of the terminal device and the plurality of cluster centers, a target cluster center among the plurality of cluster centers, to which the channel measurements of the terminal device belong; anddetermining, based on the target cluster center, the second information.19.The network device of any of claim 18, wherein the network device is caused to determine each of the plurality of cluster centers related to the plurality of TRP pattern models by:determining, based on the dataset, a position center of a polygon, wherein the polygon is formed by positions of TRPs in each TRP pattern among TRP patterns of the plurality of TRP pattern models;selecting a target position based on the dataset, wherein coordinate of the target position is closest to the position center of the polygon; andrecording channel measurement of the target position as the cluster center.20.The network device of claim 19, wherein the position center of the polygon is calculated as at least one of the following:a geometric center;a center from least squares fitting; ora center of minimum bounding rectangle.21.The network device of any of claims 13 to 20, wherein the network device comprises a location management function (LMF) .22.The network device of any of claims 13 to 21, wherein the plurality of TRP pattern models are fixed-TRP-pattern models.23.The network of claim 18, wherein the dataset comprises channel measurements and position coordinates of TRPs in a certain whole area.24.A method comprising:receiving, at a terminal device from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device;transmitting, by the terminal device to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; andreceiving, by the terminal device from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning.25.A method comprising:transmitting, by a network device to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device;receiving, by the network device from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information;determining, by the network device based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; andtransmitting, by the network device to the terminal device, the second information.26.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device;means for transmitting, to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information; andmeans for receiving, from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning.27.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device;means for receiving, from the terminal device, the channel measurements and the first information;means for determining, based on the channel measurements and the first information, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning; andmeans for transmitting, to the terminal device, the second information.28.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 24 or 25.
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