Systems and methods for intervention operation control
The intervention operation control system addresses manual injection challenges by automating dose, rate, and pressure adjustments, enhancing efficiency and safety in intervention procedures.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/076537
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-08
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Current intervention operations face challenges such as difficulty in maintaining a uniform injection rate, requiring significant manual force, exposure to harmful X-rays, reliance on experiential parameter determination, and the need for multiple doctors, leading to potential harm and inefficiency.
A system for intervention operation control that dynamically adjusts injection dose, rate, and pressure based on image and sensor data, utilizing robotic and image acquisition devices for automated control, reducing doctor burden and improving efficiency.
The system simplifies the injection process, ensures uniform injection parameters, reduces manual effort, and minimizes health risks to doctors by automating intervention operations.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025076537_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERVENTION OPERATION CONTROLCROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Application No. 202410178152.4, filed on February 8, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of intervention operation assistance, and in particular to a system and a method for intervention operation control.BACKGROUND
[0003] During the intervention operation, in addition to controlling the movement of intervention instruments such as a catheter and a guidewire, a doctor also needs to use an injection instrument to inject medicines, such as a contrast agent, a chemotherapy medicine, a liquid embolic agent, etc., medicine into blood vessels to complete medicine injections, observe blood vessel morphology, determine the position of the guidewire and the catheter, etc. However, the doctor is exposed to X-rays for a long time during the operations, which causes harm to the doctor's health.
[0004] Therefore, it is desirable to provide an automatic system for intervention operation control to simplify the operations for the doctor and improve the operation efficiency.SUMMARY
[0005] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system for intervention operation control, comprising: at least one storage device storing a set of instructions; and at least one processor in communication with the at least one storage device, wherein when executing the set of instructions, the at least one processor is configured to perform operations including: obtaining one or more images of a subject acquired during an intervention operation; determining, based on the one or more images, a target injection dose and vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located; determining a target injection rate based on the vascular parameter; and performing an injection control based on the target injection rate and the target injection dose.
[0006] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system for intervention operation control, comprising: an injection auxiliary device configured to assist an injection instrument for injection; an image acquisition device configured to acquire one or more images; and a first control device configured to: determine, based on a first image data acquired by the image acquisition device during the intervention operation, a first target injection dose and a vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located; determine a first target injection rate based on the vascular parameter; in response to determining that an injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, controlling the injection auxiliary device to maintain an injection pressure of the injection instrument constant until the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose; and in response to determining that the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate and the injection pressure does not reach an injection pressure limit, control the injection auxiliary device to increase the injection pressure until the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate or the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose.
[0007] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system for intervention operation control, comprising: an injection auxiliary device configured to assist an injection instrument for injection; an image acquisition device configured to acquire image data; a robotic device configured to convey an intervention instrument within a subject; and a first control device configured to: obtain first image data of the subject acquired by the image acquisition device; determine a first position of the intervention instrument within the subject based on the first image data; control the robotic device to convey the intervention instrument to a target position from the first position according to first operations including: controlling the injection auxiliary device to assist the injection instrument to inject a medicine into the subject; controlling the image acquisition device to acquire second image data after the medicine is injected into the subject; controlling the robotic device to convey the intervention instrument to a second position from the first position; and according to a second operation including repeating the first operations until the intervention instrument is conveyed to the target position.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] The present disclosure will be further illustrated by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail by means of the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, the same numbering indicates the same structure, where:
[0009] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0010] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary software / hardware of a computing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a processing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0012] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for intervention operation injection control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0013] FIG. 5A is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a first target injection dose according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIG. 5B is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a first target injection dose according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a blood flow rate of a vessel where a catheter tip is located according to some embodiments of present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a first target injection rate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 8A is a schematic structural diagram illustrating an exemplary system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 8B is schematic diagram illustrating a first control device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 8C is a schematic diagram illustrating an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 8D is a schematic diagram illustrating a second control device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 8E is a schematic diagram illustrating data interaction of a system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 8F is a schematic diagram illustrating manual control of a system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation process of an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram illustrating a control process of a system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram illustrating second control device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 11C is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a force feedback assembly for rate control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 11D is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a force feedback assembly for position control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 11E is a schematic diagram illustrating an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0030] FIG. 11F is a schematic diagram illustrating an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0031] FIG. 11G is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a multi-channel injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] During the intervention operation, in addition to controlling the movement of intervention instruments such as a catheter and a guidewire, a doctor also needs to use an injection instrument to inject medicines, such as a contrast agent, a chemotherapy medicine, a liquid embolic agent, normal saline, etc., into blood vessels of a region of interest (ROI) to complete medicine injections, observe blood vessel morphology, determine the position of the guidewire and the catheter, etc. However, the doctor is exposed to X-rays for a long time during the operations.
[0033] The main problems with the manual injection during current intervention operation are as follows. (1) It is difficult to ensure a uniform injection rate during the manual injection. (2) The injection process requires a lot of force and takes a long time, and the manual operation may easily cause fatigue. (3) The manual injection needs to be performed in the presence of X-rays, which poses harm to the doctor's health. (4) The time, dose, rate, pressure and other parameters for injecting contrast agents and other fluids are related to various information such as the position and diameter of the injected blood vessel, the catheter size, the blood flow rate, intraoperative imaging, etc. However, the doctor can only determine the parameters based on experience. (5) During the operation, information such as the dose and pressure of medicines (e.g., a contrast agent, an embolic agent, normal saline, etc. ) is not effectively measured and counted, and excessive injection of the contrast agent or excessive injection pressure can easily cause harm to the subject. (6) Operations relating to guidewires, catheters and contrast agent injection usually require more than one doctor, which consumes too much manpower.
[0034] To solve the above problems, the present disclosure provides a system for intervention operation control, which can dynamically adjust an injection dose, an injection rate, an injection pressure, and other parameters of an injection instrument of an injection auxiliary device according to image data (e.g., a digital subtraction angiographic image) and / or sensor data, and perform the injection through a remote manual injection, thereby simplifying the injection process. In addition, one or more control instructions may be generated based on feedback information of at least one of an injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, and the image acquisition device, and the one or more control instructions may be fed back to at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, and the image acquisition device to realize automatic control of each device of the system for intervention operation control, thereby reducing the burden of the doctor, and improving the operation efficiency.
[0035] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, an application scenario of a system for intervention operation control 100 (hereinafter referred to as an intervention operation control system 100) may include one or more processing devices 110, a network 120, a storage device 130, a terminal device 140, and at least one intervention operation device 150.
[0036] The one or more processing devices 110 may be configured to process data and / or information obtained from the storage device 130, the terminal device 140, and / or the at least one intervention operation device 150. For example, the one or more processing devices 110 may determine a first target injection dose and a vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located based on first image data obtained from the at least one intervention operation device 150. As another example, the one or more processing devices 110 may determine a reference acquisition posture by registering the first image data with reference image data, and determine a control instruction (e.g., a first control instruction) based on the reference acquisition posture. As still another example, the one or more processing devices 110 may perform an injection control based on a first target injection rate and a first target injection dose. As still another example, the one or more processing devices 110 may determine a stage of the intervention operation being performed at a moment of acquisition of the first image data based on the first image data; determine one or more control instructions that match a next stage of the stage of the intervention operation, and send the one or more control instructions to at least one of the at least one intervention operation device 150 (e.g., at least one of an image acquisition device, a robotic device, and an injection auxiliary device) . In some embodiments, the one or more processing devices 110 may include a processor. In some embodiments, the one or more processing devices 110 may be a single server or a server group.
[0037] In some embodiments, the intervention operation control system 100 may include multiple processing devices 110. For example, the system for intervention operation control 100 may include two processing devices. One of the two processing devices may be configured to implement the functions of a first control device described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the other of the two processing devices may be configured to implement the functions of a second control device described in the embodiments of the present disclosures. As another example, the system for intervention operation control 100 may include only one processing device 110. The processing device 110 may be configured to implement the functions of the first control device and the second control device described in the embodiments of the present disclosure simultaneously. More descriptions regarding the first control device and the second control device may be found in the related descriptions of FIG. 8B and FIG. 8D.
[0038] The network 120 may be configured to connect one or more components of the system for intervention operation control 100 and / or connect the system with one or more external resources. The network 120 enables communication between the one or more components and with other components outside the system to facilitate the exchange of data and / or information. For example, the network 120 may transmit a second target injection dose and a second target injection rate input by a user to the processing device 110 through the terminal device 140, such that the processing device 110 may control the injection auxiliary device based on the second target injection dose and the second target injection rate. As another example, the network 120 may transmit decision data input by a user to the processing device 110 through the terminal device 140, such that the processing device 110 may generate one or more control instructions based on the decision data, and feed the one or more control instructions back to the intervention operation device 150.
[0039] The storage device 130 may be configured to store data and / or instructions. For example, the storage device 130 may be configured to store one or more images acquired during the execution of an intervention operation, one or more generated control instructions, etc. The storage device 130 may be implemented in a single central server, a plurality of servers connected by a communication link, or a plurality of personal devices.
[0040] The terminal device 140 refers to one or more terminal devices or software used by the user. The user refers to a user of the system for intervention operation control, such as a doctor participating in the intervention operation. In some embodiments, the terminal device 140 may include one of devices with input and / or output functions such as a mobile device 141, a tablet computer 142, a laptop computer 143, a desktop computer 144, or the like, or any combination thereof.
[0041] In some embodiments, the terminal device 140 may be a local device or a remote device. For example, the terminal device 140 may be located on the same LAN as the intervention operation device 150, and the terminal device 140 and the intervention operation device 150 are local devices. For example, the terminal device 140 is an interactive device in the doctor's home, and the intervention operation device 150 is a medical device in the hospital. In this case, the terminal device 140 is the remote terminal device, and the intervention operation device 150 is the local device.
[0042] The user may control the intervention operation device 150 through the terminal device 140. For example, a user may input decision data through the terminal device 140, and the processing device 110 (for example, a second control device) may generate one or more control instructions based on the decision data obtained from the terminal device 140. As another example, the user may operate remotely through the terminal device 140, and in response to the operation of the user, the terminal device 140 may send one or more remote control instructions to the processing device 110 (for example, the first control device) to control the intervention operation device 150 (for example, to control at least one of the image acquisition device, the injection auxiliary device and the robotic device) .
[0043] The at least one intervention operation device 150 refers to a device used during the intervention operation. For example, the at least one intervention operation device 150 may include an injection auxiliary device, an image acquisition device, a robotic device, etc. (not shown in FIG. 1) . More descriptions regarding the intervention operation device, the image acquisition device, the robotic device, etc. may be found in FIGs. 8A-8F and related descriptions thereof.
[0044] It should be noted that the system for intervention operation control 100 is provided only for the purpose of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. For those having ordinary skills in the art, various modifications or variations can be made according to the description of the present disclosure. For example, the terminal device 140 may further include other types of terminals. However, these variations and modifications do not deviate from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary software / hardware of a computing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a first control device (e.g., a first control device 810) and a second control device (e.g., a second control device 820) may be implemented by a computing device 200. In some embodiments, the processing device 110 may be implemented by the computing device 200. In some embodiments, the computing device 200 may include a server, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a tablet computer, a smart mobile phone, etc.
[0046] As shown in FIG. 2, the computing device 200 may include a processor 210, a storage device, an input / output 230, and a communication port 240. The storage device may include a non-volatile storage medium 225 and a memory 223. The processor 210, the storage device (e.g., a memory 223, and a non-volatile storage medium 225) , and the input / output 230 may be connected via a system bus 250. The communication port 240 may be connected the system bus 250 via the input / output 230.
[0047] The processor 210 may execute computer instructions (e.g., program codes) and may perform functions of a processing device (e.g., the processing device 110) , the first control device, or the second control device in accordance with the techniques described in the present disclosure.
[0048] In some embodiments, the processor 210 may acquire one or more images of a subject acquired during the intervention operation; determine, based on the one or more images, a target injection dose (i.e., a first target injection dose described below) and vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located; determine a target injection rate (i.e., a first target injection rate described below) based on the vascular parameter; and perform an injection control based on the target injection rate and the target injection dose. More descriptions may be found in FIG. 4.
[0049] In some embodiments, the processor 210 may acquire first image data acquired by the image acquisition device during the intervention operation, determine, based on the first image data, a stage of the intervention operation being performed at a moment of acquisition of the first image data; and determine one or more control instructions that match a next stage of the stage of the intervention operation being performed, and send the one or more control instructions to at least one of the image acquisition device, the robotic device, and the injection auxiliary device. More descriptions may be found in FIGs. 8A-8C.
[0050] In some embodiments, the processor 210 may include one or more hardware processors, such as a microcontroller, microprocessor, etc. For illustrative purposes only, only one processor is described in the computing device 200. However, it is noted that the computing device 200 may also include a plurality of processors. Operations and / or methods described in the present disclosure that are performed by a single processor may also be performed by a plurality of processors together or separately. For example, if a processor of the computing device 200 described in the present disclosure performs an operation A and an operation B, it should be appreciated that the operation A and the operation B may also be performed by two or more different processors of the computing device 200 jointly or separately (e.g., a first processor executes the operation A and a second processor executes the operation B, or the first processor and the second processor jointly execute the operations A and B) .
[0051] The storage device may store data / information obtained from the image acquisition device (e.g., an image acquisition device 830) , the injection auxiliary device (e.g., an injection auxiliary device 840) , the robotic device (e.g., a robotic device 860) , or other devices of the at least one intervention operation device 150. In some embodiments, the storage device may store one or more instructions that, when executed by the processing device, the first control device, or the second control device, may implement the method for intervention operation control described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the non-volatile storage medium 225 may store an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The memory 223 may provide an environment for an operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium 225. The database may be configured to store data (e.g., the first image data, the first target injection dose, the first target injection rate, the second target injection dose, the second target injection rate, an injection pressure limit, position information, state information, force information of the at least one intervention instrument, motion information of the robotic device, an emission time of the image acquisition device emitting a ray beam, the reference image data, second image data, a vascular pathway map, etc. ) in the process of intervention operation injection control. The processor 210 may execute the computer programs to implement the method for intervention operation control described herein.
[0052] The input / output 230 may be configured to exchange information between the processor 210 and an external device, such as the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860. In some embodiments, the input / output 230 may include an input device and an output device. The input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, or the like, or any combination thereof. The output device may include a display device, a speaker, a printer, a projector, or the like, or any combination thereof.
[0053] The communication port 240 may be configured to communicate with an external terminal (e.g., the image acquisition device 830, injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860) via a network connection. The connection may be a wired connection, a wireless connection, any connection that enables data transmission and / or reception, or the like, or any combination thereof.
[0054] It should be understood that the descriptions of FIGs. 1-2 are only provided for the purpose of illustration and do not constitute a limitation to the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made under the guidance of the present disclosure. Features, structures, manners and other characteristics of embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined in various ways to obtain other and / or alternative embodiments. However, such changes and modifications do not exceed the scope of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a processing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0056] As shown in FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the processing device 110 may include an acquisition module 310, a determination module 320, and a control module 330. In some embodiments, one or more modules of the processing device 110 may be connected with each other. The connection may be a wireless connection, or a wired connection.
[0057] The acquisition module 310 may be configured to obtain feedback information sent by at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the image acquisition device, and the robotic device. For example, the acquisition module 310 may obtain an image of a subject acquired during the intervention operation, such as first image data, second image data, etc. As another example, the acquisition module 310 may be configured to obtain sensor data (e.g., a current injection rate, a current injection dose, a current injection pressure, etc. ) fed back by the injection auxiliary device and / or sensor data (e.g., motion information of the robotic device) fed back by the robotic device.
[0058] The determination module 320 may be configured to determine, based on feedback information acquired by the acquisition module 310, information associated with at least one of an injection auxiliary device, an image acquisition device, and a robotic device. In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be configured to determine, based on the one or more images acquired by the acquisition module 310, a first target injection dose and vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located. The determination module 320 may be further configured to determine a first target injection rate based on the blood flow rate.
[0059] In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be further configured to determine position information of the catheter tip based on the one or more images; and determine the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on the position information of the catheter tip in the one or more images.
[0060] In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be further configured to determine a medicine signal intensity based on an angiographic image; and determine the first target injection dose based on a difference between the medicine signal intensity and a target medicine signal intensity.
[0061] In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be further configured to determine the first target injection dose by increasing an injection dose if the medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity.
[0062] In one embodiment, the determination module 320 may be further configured to increase the injection dose to obtain an increased injection dose if the medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity; determine a remaining injection dose based on a total injection dose and an injected dose of the intervention operation that has been injected; determine whether the increased injection dose is safe based on the remaining injection dose; determine the increased injection dose as the first target injection dose if the increased injection dose is determined to be safe; and determine the first target injection dose by adjusting the increased injection dose if the increased injection dose is determined to be unsafe.
[0063] In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be further configured to determine an initial injection rate based on the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located; determine, based on the one or more images, a vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located; and determine the first target injection rate by adjusting the initial injection rate based on the vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located.
[0064] In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be further configured to determine an emission time of the image acquisition device emitting a ray beam based on position information of the intervention instrument and motion information of the robotic device; and determine a first control instruction associated with the image acquisition device based on the emission time.
[0065] In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be further configured to determine, based on the first image data, a stage of the intervention operation being performed at a moment of acquisition of the first image data; and determine one or more control instructions that match a next stage of the stage of the intervention operation being performed, and send the one or more control instructions to at least one of the image acquisition device, the robotic device, and the injection auxiliary device.
[0066] In some embodiments, the determination module 320 may be further configured to determine a reference acquisition posture by registering the first image data with reference image data; and determine the first control instruction associated with the image acquisition device based on a posture at which the image acquisition device acquires the first image data and the reference acquisition posture.
[0067] The control module 330 may be configured to control at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, and the image acquisition device. In some embodiments, the control module 330 may be configured to perform the injection control based on the first target injection rate and the first target injection dose.
[0068] In some embodiments, when the processing device 110 implements the functions of the first control device described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, in response to determining that an injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, the control module 330 may be configured to maintain an injection pressure constant until the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose; in response to determining that the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate and the injection pressure does not reach an injection pressure limit, the control module 330 may be configured to increase the injection pressure until the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate or the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose.
[0069] In some embodiments, when the processing device 110 implements the functions of the second control device described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the control module 330 may be configured to receive action information of a user to operate a force feedback assembly, convert the action information into an actual pushing speed, and send the actual pushing speed to the injection auxiliary device.
[0070] It should be noted that the above description of the processing device 110 and the modules thereof is only for convenience of description and cannot limit the present disclosure to the scope of the embodiments. It is understood that for those skilled in the art, after understanding the principle of the device, it is possible to arbitrarily combine the various modules without deviating from this principle, or to form a subsystem connected with other modules. In some embodiments, the acquisition module 310, the determination module 320, and the control module 330 disclosed in FIG. 3 can be different modules in a device, or a module can realize the functions of two or more modules mentioned above. For example, each module can share a storage module, or each module can have its own storage module. Such variations are all within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0071] The above modules can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware or a combination thereof. The above modules can be embedded in or independent of the processing device in the form of hardware, or stored in the processing device in the form of software, such that the processing device can call and execute the operations corresponding to the above modules.
[0072] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for intervention operation injection control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a process 400 may be executed by the processing device 110, the computing device 200 (e.g., the processor 210) , or the first control device 810. As shown in FIG. 4, the process 400 may include the following operations.
[0073] In 410, one or more images of a subject acquired during an intervention operation may be obtained.
[0074] The intervention operation refers to introducing medicine a special catheter, a guidewire, and other intervention instruments and / or injection instruments under the guidance of one or more medical images (e.g., a digital subtraction angiographic image) to achieve lesion diagnosis and / or treatment. For example, the intervention operation may include conveying therapeutic substances (e.g., a contrast agent, a chemotherapy medicine, a liquid embolic agent, normal saline, etc. ) through a special catheter, a guidewire, and other intervention instruments and / or injection instruments under the guidance of one or more medical images (e.g., a digital subtraction angiographic image) to achieve lesion diagnosis and / or treatment. The intervention operation may include a cardiac intervention operation, a neurological intervention operation, etc.
[0075] The image acquired during the intervention operation may include an angiographic image. For example, taking a patient's abdomen as a surgical site of the intervention operation, the image may be an angiographic image of the patient's abdomen acquired during the intervention operation. During the intervention operation, one or more angiographic images may be acquired using an image acquisition device (e.g., a digital subtraction angiography device) .
[0076] The image acquisition device may send the acquired image (e.g., the angiographic image) to the processing device 110 or the processor 210 via a network (e.g., the network 120) . The image acquisition device may send the acquired one or more images (e.g., the one or more angiographic images) to a first control device through a signal processing device or the network. More descriptions regarding the signal processing device and the first control device may be found in FIG. 8A or FIG. 8B and the related descriptions thereof.
[0077] In 420, a first target injection dose and a vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located may be determined based on the one or more images.
[0078] In the intervention operation, a medicine (e.g., a liquid substance such as a contrast agent, a chemotherapy medicine, a liquid embolic agent, normal saline, etc. ) may be pushed into a catheter using an injection auxiliary device and an injection instrument, and the medicine may flow into a vessel of the ROI through the catheter.
[0079] The ROI is a tissue and / or organ of the subject being observed, diagnosed, or treated. For example, the ROI may be an organ in which the subject has a lesion, an organ (e.g., the heart) in which the intervention instrument or the medicine needs to be delivered to the subject, or a vessel (e.g., an abdominal blood vessel) of the organ in which the subject has a lesion, etc.
[0080] For example, if the vessel is a venous vessel in the abdomen of the subject, the target region may be the abdomen. An exemplary medicine injection process may include acquiring the one or more images (e.g., the one or more angiographic images) of the subject by the image acquisition device and sending the image to the first control device or the processing device. The first control device or the processing device may determine the position of the vessel of the ROI that need to be injected and a convey path of the catheter based on the one or more images. The first control device or the processing device may control the robotic device to convey the catheter into the vessel based on the convey path, and then the first control device or the processing device may control the injection auxiliary device to inject the medicine into the vessel (i.e., the ROI) through the catheter. More descriptions regarding the image acquisition device, the robotic device, and the injection auxiliary device may be found in FIG. 8A or FIG. 8C and the related descriptions thereof.
[0081] The first target injection dose refers to a total dose and / or concentration of a medicine that needs to be injected into a subject (e.g., a patient undergoing the intervention operation) during the intervention operation, which is automatically determined by the system for intervention operation control.
[0082] In digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) examination, different angiographic processes require different contrast agents (e.g., a contrast agent, an embolic agent, etc. ) at different concentrations and different doses (i.e., the total injection dose) . The dose and concentration of the contrast agent are crucial for DSA imaging. For example, the concentration of the contrast agent varies with the requirement for the image quality, and either too high or too low a concentration of the contrast agent is unfavorable to the display of the vessel as the corresponding image quality is different. For example, the concentration of the contrast agent in a transvenous injection mode is generally 60%-80%, and the concentration of the contrast agent in a peripheral intravenous injection mode (i.e., the contrast agent is injected through a peripheral venous vessel of the ROI) is higher than the concentration of the contrast agent in a central intravenous injection mode (i.e., the contrast agent is injected through a central venous vessel of the ROI) . As another example, the concentration of the contrast agent in the intravenous injection mode is usually 30%-50%, and the concentration of the contrast agent is lower in a super-selective arterial injection mode (e.g., the contrast agent is injected through a relatively small artery in diameter) than in a selective arterial injection mode (e.g., the contrast agent is injected through a relatively large artery in diameter) .
[0083] The first control device or the processing device (e.g., the processing device 110, and the processor 210) may process the angiographic image to obtain multi-dimensional state information of the subject after the image (i.e., the angiographic image in this embodiment) is obtained. The multi-dimensional state information may include the first target injection dose and the vascular parameter of the vessel where the catheter tip is located. The vascular parameter may include at least one of the blood flow rate, the vasculopathy condition, and the diameter of the vessel.
[0084] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine the vascular parameter of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on the one or more images (e.g., the one or more angiographic images) acquired by the image acquisition device, and determine the first target injection dose based on the vascular parameter. For example, the first control device may determine the diameter of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on the one or more angiographic images, and determine the first target injection dose based on the diameter of the vessel.
[0085] The minimum dose of the contrast agent (e.g., the contrast agent, the embolic agent, etc. ) required in the vessel may be inversely proportional to the diameter of the vessel. That is, in a vessel with a large diameter, increasing the concentration of the contrast agent during the development peak to make the contrast agent in the vessel exceed the minimum dose does not contribute to the vascular display in the one or more angiographic images. In contrast, in a vessel with a small diameter, increasing the concentration of the contrast agent may improve the vascular display in the one or more angiographic images. Typically, for an 8 mm vessel, the first target injection dose of the contrast agent is in a range of 2-6 mgI / ml; for a 2 mm vessel, the first target injection dose of the contrast agent is in a range of 10-20 mgI / ml; for a 1 mm vessel, the first target injection dose of the contrast agent is in a range of 20-37 mgI / ml.
[0086] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine a medicine signal intensity based on the one or more images (e.g., the one or more angiographic images) ; and determine the first target injection dose based on a difference between the medicine signal intensity and a target medicine signal intensity. More descriptions regarding determining the first target injection dose may be found in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B and the related descriptions thereof.
[0087] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine the first target injection dose based on the angiographic image using an injection dose determination model. For example, an input of the injection dose determination model may include the angiographic image, and an output of the injection dose determination model may include the first target injection dose.
[0088] The injection dose determination model may be obtained by training an initial machine learning model based on first sample data. For example, the first sample data may include a first sample image, and a label of the first sample image may include a sample injection dose. The initial machine learning model may be iteratively trained using the first sample data as a training input, and the label of the first sample data as a training output until a preset condition is met (e.g., a first loss function of the initial machine learning model is less than a first preset loss threshold, or a count of iterations is greater than or equal to a first preset number of times) , thereby obtaining the injection dose determination model.
[0089] The injection dose determination model may include a convolutional neural network (CNN) , a deep neural network (DNN) , a fully connected neural network (FCN) , etc., which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0090] The first control device or the processing device may determine, based on the one or more images, the vascular parameter of the vessel where the catheter tip is located through feature analysis. For example, the first control device may determine a similarity of the characteristics of the vessel where the catheter tip is located and the same vessel of a healthy person in the one or more angiographic images. The lower the similarity, the more severe the vasculopathy condition. More descriptions regarding determining the vasculopathy condition may be found in FIG. 7.
[0091] As another example, the first control device or the processing device may determine a change of a pixel density of pixel points in a plurality of consecutive angiographic images over time based on the plurality of consecutive angiographic images within a preset time period (e.g., 3 s, 2 s, 5 s, 10 s, and 1 min) , so as to determine the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on the change of the pixel density over time. As used herein, the pixel density refers to a sparsity of the distribution of the contrast agent in the image.
[0092] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine position information of the catheter tip in each image (e.g., the angiographic image) ; and determine the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on a plurality of images (e.g., a plurality of consecutive angiographic images) of the catheter tip. More descriptions regarding determining the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located may be found in FIG. 6 and the related descriptions thereof.
[0093] In 430, a first target injection rate may be determined based on the vascular parameter.
[0094] The first target injection rate refers to an expected rate when a medicine is injected during the intervention operation. The first target injection rate may be automatically determined by the system for intervention operation control (e.g., the system for intervention operation control 800) .
[0095] The target injection rate is related to at least one of the inner diameter and the length of the catheter through which the medicine is injected, a concentration of the medicine, and a position relationship of the catheter tip and the vessel where the catheter tip is located.
[0096] After the first control device or the processing device (e.g., the processing device 110, and processor 210) determines the blood flow rate of the vessel, the first control device or the processing device (e.g., the processing device 110, and processor 210) may determine the first target injection rate within a range equal to or greater than the blood flow rate to ensure safety. For example, taking the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located as 9 ml / s, the first target injection rate may be 10 ml / s.
[0097] The medicine injection rate needs to be consistent with the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located. When the medicine injection rate is less than the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located, the medicine is diluted by the blood, which causes inadequate vascular development, resulting in poor display effect in the angiographic image. With the increase of the injection rate, the concentration of the medicine in the blood increases, the contrast of the angiographic image improves, and the display effect of the vessel in the angiographic images improves. Therefore, in general, the target injection rate of the medicine is greater than or equal to the blood flow rate of the vessel where the medicine is located.
[0098] In some embodiments, the first control device may determine an initial injection rate based on the blood flow rate; determine, based on the image (e.g., the angiographic image) , a vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located; and determine the first target injection rate by adjusting the initial injection rate based on the vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located. More descriptions regarding determining the first target injection rate may be found in FIG. 7 and the related descriptions thereof.
[0099] In some embodiments, the first control device may determine the first target injection rate by adjusting the initial injection rate (e.g., increasing or decreasing the initial injection rate) based on a diameter of the vessel (i.e., the vessel where the catheter tip is located) and a body part where the vessel is located. For example, the smaller the diameter of the vessel, the greater the decrease in the initial injection rate. As another example, if the vessel is located in the neck, the chest, the abdomen, or the limbs, the decrease in the initial injection rate may be smaller.
[0100] In some embodiments, the first control device may obtain an actual position of the catheter tip based on the angiographic image, determine a difference between the actual position of the catheter tip and an expected position, and determine the first target injection rate by adjusting the initial injection speed based on the difference. For example, if the difference is less than a first distance threshold, the initial injection rate may be decreased by a first value to obtain the first target injection rate; if the difference is greater than or equal to the first distance threshold and less than a second distance threshold, the initial injection rate may be decreased by a second value to obtain the first target injection rate. The first value may be less than the second value. The first distance threshold, the second distance threshold, the first value, and the second value may be determined based on historical data or user experience. For example, the first distance threshold may be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, etc., the second distance threshold may be 0.3 mm etc., the first value may be 0.5 ml / s, 0.8 ml / s, 1 ml / s, etc., and the second value may be 1 ml / s, 2 ml / s, 3 ml / s, etc.
[0101] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine the first target injection rate based on the angiographic image using an injection rate determination model. For example, an input of the injection rate determination model may include the angiographic image fed back by the image acquisition device, and an output of the injection rate determination model may include the corresponding first target injection rate.
[0102] The injection rate determination model may be obtained by training an initial machine learning model based on second sample data. For example, the second sample data may include a second sample image, and a label of the second sample image may include a sample injection rate. The initial machine learning model may be iteratively trained using the second sample data as a training input and the label of the second sample data as a training output until a preset condition is met (e.g., a second loss function of the initial machine learning model is less than a second preset loss threshold, or a count of iterations is greater than or equal to a second preset number of times) , thereby obtaining the injection rate determination model.
[0103] The injection rate determination model may include a CNN, a DNN, an FCN, etc., which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0104] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine an injection pressure limit. An injection pressure refers to a pressure that needs to be exerted to inject the medicine into the vessel and make the medicine flow in a steady state. That is, the resistance in the catheter and the vessel needs to be overcome by the injection pressure. The injection pressure limit refers to a maximum injection pressure that can be achieved during injection.
[0105] The injection pressure limit may be related to at least one of a part involved in the ROI, the lesion of the part, a prior parameter of the catheter, the diameter of the vessel, and an angiographic process.
[0106] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine the injection pressure limit based on the prior parameter of the catheter.
[0107] The prior parameter of the catheter refers to a parameter that reflects an inherent feature of the catheter. For example, the priori parameter of the catheter may include a catheter length, an inner diameter of the catheter, a catheter hardness, a catheter wall thickness, a catheter pressure limit (i.e., a maximum pressure that the catheter can withstand) , etc. The first control device or the processing device may determine a maximum injection pressure (i.e., the injection pressure limit) that can be achieved during the injection process based on the prior parameter of the catheter to ensure the safety of the injection process. For example, the injection pressure limit of a catheter with a small inner diameter is lower than the injection pressure limit of a catheter with a large inner diameter. It is understood that an excessive injection pressure may cause vascular damage, failure of the injection instrument, and / or other adverse consequences.
[0108] In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine the injection pressure limit based on the part involved in the ROI and / or the lesion of the part. The smaller the diameter of the vessel of the part involved in the ROI, the smaller the injection pressure limit. The more severe the vasculopathy condition of the part, the lower the injection pressure limit. For example, the injection pressure limit corresponding to the thoracic aorta is in a range of 400-1000 psl, the injection pressure limit corresponding to the thoracic bronchial artery is in a range of 100-150 psl, the injection pressure limit corresponding to the superior thoracic artery is in a range of 400-800 psl, the injection pressure limit corresponding to the internal artery of the neck is in a range of 150-300 psl, the injection pressure limit corresponding to the external artery of the neck and the vertebral artery is in a range of 100-200psl, and the injection pressure limit corresponding to the adrenal artery is in a range of 100-150 psl. As another example, for a lesion with thin and brittle vessel wall, the injection pressure limit is less than the injection pressure limit when the vessel is normal.
[0109] In 440, an injection control may be performed based on the first target injection rate and the first target injection dose.
[0110] It can be understood that the injection control refers to the first control device automatically controlling the injection auxiliary device to inject the medicine into the vessel based on the first target injection rate and the first target injection dose.
[0111] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the process 400 may further include an operation 441 and / or an operation 442.
[0112] In 441, in response to determining that an injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, an injection pressure may be maintained constant until the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose.
[0113] The injection auxiliary device may be provided with one or more sensors for detecting injection parameters such as a current injection rate and a current injection pressure. For example, as shown in FIG. 8C, the injection auxiliary device 840 may include a rate detection unit 844 and an injection pressure detection unit 846. The rate detection unit may be provided with a flow rate sensor for detecting an injection rate of the injection instrument in the injection auxiliary device. The injection pressure detection unit may be provided with a force sensor (e.g., a force sensor 1116) . The injection pressure detection unit may be configured to detect an injection pressure of the injection instrument. The injection auxiliary device may send measured sensor data (e.g., the current injection rate, and the current injection pressure) to the first control device or the processing device.
[0114] After the sensor data is received, the first control device or the processing device may determine whether the current injection rate reaches the first target injection rate. In response to determining that the current injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, the first control device or the processing device may generate a control instruction (i.e., a control instruction associated with the injection auxiliary device, which is also referred to as a second control instruction) to control the injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) to maintain the current injection pressure until the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose. The first control device or the processing device may send the second control instruction to the injection auxiliary device to control the injection auxiliary device to perform automatic medicine injection based on the second control instruction.
[0115] In 442, in response to determining that the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate and the injection pressure does not reach the injection pressure limit, the injection pressure may be increased until the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate or the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose. For example, as shown in FIG. 8C, the injection auxiliary device 840 may include a position detection unit 842. The position detection unit 842 may be provided with a position sensor for detecting a position of an injection propulsion block (e.g., an injection propulsion block 1117) in the injection auxiliary device to obtain a displacement of the injection propulsion block during the injection process. The displacement of the injection propulsion block may be positively correlated with the injection dose (e.g., the injection dose may be equal to the displacement of the injection propulsion block multiplied by a cross-sectional area of the catheter) . The injection auxiliary device may send the measured sensor data (e.g., the position or the displacement of the injection propulsion block) to the first control device or the processing device. It can be understood that the injection pressure may be positively correlated with the injection rate (i.e., the greater the injection pressure, the greater the injection rate) . Therefore, if the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate, the injection rate may be increased by increasing the injection pressure to reach the first target injection rate.
[0116] After the sensor data fed back by the injection auxiliary device is received, the first control device or the processing device may determine whether the current injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, and whether the current injection pressure reaches the injection pressure limit. In response to determining that the current injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate, and the current injection pressure does not reach the injection pressure limit, the first control device or the processing device may generate a control instruction to control the injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) to increase the injection pressure until the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate or the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose. The first control device or the processing device may send the control instruction to the injection auxiliary device to control the injection auxiliary device to perform the automatic medicine injection based on the control instruction.
[0117] In some embodiments, the medicine injection may be stopped and a position of the catheter tip in the vessel may be adjusted if the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate but the injection pressure is increased to reach the injection pressure limit. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, a system for intervention operation control 800 may include a robotic device 860. The robotic device 860 may convey an intervention instrument (e.g., a catheter) and / or adjust a posture (e.g., a position, an inclination angle, etc. ) of the intervention instrument. The robotic device may adjust (e.g., adjust a position of a catheter tip in a vessel) the intervention instrument (e.g., the catheter) in response to a control instruction (i.e., a control instruction associated with the robotic device, which is also referred to as a third control instruction) issued by the first control device or the processing device.
[0118] After the sensor data (e.g., the current injection rate, and the current injection pressure) sent by the injection auxiliary device is received, the first control device or the processing device may determine whether the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate when the injection pressure reaches the injection pressure limit. If the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate, the first control device or the processing device may generate a second control instruction to control the injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) to stop the medicine injection, and a third control instruction to control the robotic device to adjust the position of the catheter tip in the vessel. The first control device or the processing device may send the second control instruction and the third control instruction to the injection auxiliary device and the robotic device, respectively, to control the injection auxiliary device to stop the medicine injection, and control the robotic device to adjust the position of the catheter tip in the vessel.
[0119] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the injection pressure reaches an upper limit (i.e., the injection pressure limit) , the medicine injection is stopped immediately, thereby avoiding vascular damage or other complications caused by excessive pressurization, and ensuring the safety of the operation. If the injection rate still cannot reach the expected value (e.g., the first target injection rate) when the injection pressure is increased to reach the injection pressure limit, continued injection may cause the medicine to accumulate in a local region, affecting the treatment effect. Accordingly, by stopping the medicine injection and adjusting the position of the catheter, the accumulation can be avoided to ensure that the medicine can reach the ROI.
[0120] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method for the injection control can control the injection rate during the automatic injection process, thereby improving the injection accuracy, injection efficiency and safety, and reducing the operation burden of the doctor; in addition, the method for the injection control can ensure that the injection dose eventually reaches the first target injection dose. In this way, the accurate injection amount of the medicine or the contrast agent can be guaranteed, thereby avoiding overdose or underdose.
[0121] It should be noted that the above description of the process 400 is only for example and explanation, and does not limit the scope of application of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes can be made to the process 400 under the guidance of the present disclosure. However, these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0122] FIG. 5A is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a first target injection dose according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a process 500 may be executed by the processing device 110, the computing device 200 (e.g., the processor 210) , or the first control device 810. As shown in FIG. 5A, the process 500 may include the following operations.
[0123] In 510, a medicine signal intensity may be determined based on an angiographic image.
[0124] During the intervention operation, the medicine (e.g., a contrast agent, embolic agent, normal saline, etc. ) signal intensity needs to meet a certain requirement, and the medicine signal intensity corresponding to the requirement is referred to as the target medicine signal intensity. After acquiring the angiographic image, the first control device or the processing device may analyze the angiographic image to obtain a current medicine signal intensity. The angiographic image is a vessel image that only contains the contrast agent. That is, a portion of the vessel image that contains the contrast agent has a different pixel value from other portions of the vessel image. For example, a pixel value of a vessel portion in a grayscale image is 0, and a pixel value of other portions is 1. Accordingly, the medicine signal intensity in the angiographic images may be obtained by performing feature analysis on the angiographic image. For example, the first control device 810 may perform pixel feature extraction on the angiographic image acquired by the image acquisition device 830, and determine the current medicine signal intensity based on a proportion of the pixel value of the vessel in the angiographic image to a total pixel value of the angiographic image.
[0125] In 520, a first target injection dose may be determined based on a difference between the medicine signal intensity and a target medicine signal intensity.
[0126] The first control device or the processing device may compare the current medicine signal intensity with the target medicine signal intensity. If there is a difference (e.g., the current medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity) between the current medicine signal intensity and the target medicine signal intensity, it indicates that the current medicine signal intensity does not meet the requirement. In this case, the first control device or the processing device may determine the first target injection dose based on the difference (e.g., the difference between the target medicine signal intensity and the current medicine signal intensity) ; if there is no difference between the current medicine signal intensity and the target medicine signal intensity (i.e., the current medicine signal intensity is equal to the target medicine signal intensity) , it indicates that the current medicine signal intensity meets the requirement and the automatic injection can be stopped.
[0127] In some embodiments, the operation 520 may further include: determining the first target injection dose by increasing an injection dose if the medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity.
[0128] If the current medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity, it indicates that the current medicine signal intensity does not meet the requirement, and the first control device may increase the injection dose based on the current injection dose to reach the first target injection dose. More descriptions regarding increasing the injection dose may be found in FIG. 5B and the related descriptions thereof. In some embodiments, when the medicine signal intensity is greater than the target medicine signal intensity, the current injection dose may be reduced by the injection dose to obtain the first target injected dose. In some embodiments, the current injection rate may be reduced when the medicine signal intensity is greater than the target medicine signal intensity.
[0129] FIG. 5B is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a first target injection dose according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, if a medicine signal intensity is lower than a target medicine signal intensity, the operation 520 may further include the following operations.
[0130] In 521, an injection dose may be increased to obtain an increased injection dose if the medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity.
[0131] Whether the increased injection dose obtained by increasing the current injection dose is safe may be determined as described in operation 523.
[0132] In 522, a remaining injection dose may be determined based on a total injection dose and an injected dose of the intervention operation that has been injected.
[0133] The first control device or the processing device may obtain the total injection dose and the injected dose of the intervention operation that has been injected, and obtain the remaining injection dose based on the total injection dose and the injected dose (i.e., the remaining injection dose may be equal to a difference between the total injection dose and the injected dose) .
[0134] In 523, whether the increased injection dose is safe may be determined based on the remaining injection dose.
[0135] If the remaining injection dose is greater than or equal to the increased injection dose, it means that the medicine injection according to the increased injection dose does not exceed the total injection dose, i.e., the increased injection dose is safe. If the remaining injection dose is less than the increased injection dose, it means that the medicine injection according to the increased injection dose exceeds the total injection dose, i.e., the increased injection dose is unsafe.
[0136] If the increased injection dose is determined to be safe, operation 5241 may be performed, and the increased injection dose may be determined as the first target injection dose. If the increased injection dose is determined to be unsafe, operation 5242 may be performed, and the first target injection dose may be determined by adjusting the increased injection dose. For example, if the increased injection dose is determined to be unsafe, the first target injection dose may be determined by decreasing the increased injection dose.
[0137] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by analyzing the medicine signal intensity in the angiographic image, the distribution of the medicine in the vessel can be monitored in real time to ensure that the medicine can evenly and effectively cover the ROI. The injection dose is dynamically adjusted based on the difference between the medicine signal intensity and the target medicine signal intensity to avoid medicine accumulation in the local region and reduce unnecessary side effects and complications. When the medicine signal intensity is lower than the expected value (e.g., the target medicine signal intensity) , the injection dose is automatically increased to compensate for the shortfall, thereby ensuring that the medicine can fully cover the ROI and improving the effectiveness of the treatment. By determining the remaining injection dose and evaluating whether the increased injection dose is safe based on the remaining injection dose, complications caused by over injection can be effectively prevented, such that damage to the patient's body caused by overdose of the medicine can be avoided, and the safety of the patient can be ensured.
[0138] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a blood flow rate of a vessel where a catheter tip is located according to some embodiments of present disclosure. In some embodiments, a process 600 may be executed by the processing device 110, the computing device 200 (e.g., the processor 210) , or the first control device 810. As shown in FIG6, the process 600 may include the following operations.
[0139] In 610, position information of a catheter tip may be determined based on an image.
[0140] The position information of the catheter tip represents a position of the catheter tip in a human body.
[0141] The position information of the catheter tip may be characterized based on a vessel name of a vessel, a vessel branch of the vessel, etc. The position information of the catheter tip may be characterized based on position coordinates (e.g., position coordinates of the catheter tip in an angiographic image) of the catheter tip.
[0142] In some embodiments, for each of a plurality of images acquired by the image acquisition device, the first control device may determine the position information of the catheter tip by performing feature analysis on the image. For example, after the first control device 810 receives the angiographic image acquired by the image acquisition device 830, the first control device 810 may recognize the vessel where the catheter tip is located in the angiographic image, so as to obtain the position information of the catheter tip.
[0143] In 620, a blood flow rate of a vessel where the catheter tip is located may be determined based on the position information of the catheter tip in a plurality of images.
[0144] The first control device or the processing device may determine a pixel density of pixel points (e.g., pixel points of which pixel values are greater than a preset threshold) representing the injection medicine in the vessel where the catheter tip is located in each of a plurality of consecutive angiographic images within a preset time period (e.g., 3 s, 2 s, 5 s, 10 s, and 1 min) , and then determine the blood flow rate of the vessel by determining a curve of a change in the pixel density over time based on the change in the pixel density in the plurality of consecutive angiographic images. With the flow of blood, the injected medicine in the vessel is diluted, which represents a decrease in the count of pixels representing the injected medicine in the angiographic image, and correspondingly the pixel density of the pixel points in the angiographic images taken at different times changes.
[0145] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the position of the catheter tip can be accurately determined by determining the position of the catheter tip, such that the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located obtained based on the manner is more accurate.
[0146] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of determining a first target injection rate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a process 700 may be executed by the processing device 110, the computing device 200 (e.g., the processor 210) , or the first control device 810. As shown in FIG. 7, the process 700 may include the following operations.
[0147] In 710, an initial injection rate may be determined based on a blood flow rate of a vessel where a catheter tip is located.
[0148] The first control device may determine a rate that is greater than or equal to the blood flow rate as the initial injection rate. For example, taking the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located as 6 ml / sas an example, the initial injection rate may be 6 ml / s, 7 ml / s, 8 ml / s, or 9 ml / s, and the initial injection rate may be adjusted based on the predetermined range.
[0149] In 720, a vasculopathy condition of a vessel where a catheter tip is located may be determined based on one or more images.
[0150] The vasculopathy condition reflects a similarity between the vessel in the image in a current vasculopathy condition and the vessel in the image in a normal condition (i.e. no lesion) . The lower the similarity, the more severe the vasculopathy condition. For example, if the similarity is within a range of 90%-98%, the vasculopathy condition is a first grade vasculopathy condition; if the similarity is within a range of 78%-90%, the vasculopathy condition is a second grade vasculopathy condition; if the similarity is within a range of 60%-77%, the vasculopathy condition is a third grade vasculopathy condition; if the similarity is within a range of 45%-60%, the vasculopathy condition is a fourth grade vasculopathy condition; if the similarity is less than 45%, the vasculopathy condition is a fifth grade vasculopathy condition. The higher the grade, the more severe the vasculopathy condition. In some embodiments, the first control device or the processing device may determine the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on the image (e.g., the angiographic image) and determine the vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on features (e.g., an area feature, a grayscale feature, a shape feature, etc. ) of the vessel where the catheter tip is located in the image. For example, the first control device may determine a similarity degree between the features of the vessel where the catheter tip is located in the angiographic image and features of the same vessel of a healthy human body. The lower the similarity, the more serious the vasculopathy condition of the vessel.
[0151] In 730, a first target injection rate may be determined by adjusting the initial injection rate based on the vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located.
[0152] If the injection rate of the medicine is too large, the pressure in the vessel may be increased, which causes discomfort to the subject, and even leads to vessel rupture, especially a lesion with increased brittleness of the blood vessel wall and thinning of the vessel wall (e.g., dissecting aneurysm, brain aneurysm, atherosclerosis, and other diseases) . In this case, if it is impossible to avoid these parts, the injection rate needs to be adaptively reduced.
[0153] The first control device may determine the first target injection rate by increasing or decreasing the initial injection rate based on the vasculopathy condition. For example, the more severe the vasculopathy reflected by the vasculopathy condition (e.g., the similarity is less than a preset similarity threshold) , the greater the decrease of the initial injection rate (e.g., the initial injection rate is decreased by a preset rate) . For example, referring to the example in the operation 720, if the vasculopathy condition is the first stage vasculopathy condition, the initial injection rate may be decreased by 5%; if the vasculopathy condition is the second grade vasculopathy condition, the initial injection rate may be decreased by 8%; if the vasculopathy condition is the third grade vasculopathy condition, the initial injection rate may be decreased by 10%; if the vasculopathy condition is the fourth grade vasculopathy condition, the initial injection rate may be decreased by 15%; if the vasculopathy condition is the fifth grade vasculopathy condition, the initial injection rate may be decreased by 30%.
[0154] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, after the initial injection rate is determined, further adjustments are made based on the vasculopathy condition to ensure that the final first target injection rate can adapt to the physical condition of the patient, thereby improving the accuracy and specificity of the medicine injection. Specifically, for the patient with the vasculopathy condition, the injection rate may be appropriately decreased based on the vasculopathy condition to avoid damage to the vessel wall due to excessive injection pressure, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the patient.
[0155] It should be noted that the above descriptions of the processes 500, 600 and 700 are only for illustration and description, and do not limit the scope of application of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes can be made to the processes 500, 600 and 700 under the guidance of the present disclosure. However, these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0156] FIG. 8A is a schematic structural diagram illustrating an exemplary system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8A, a system for intervention operation control 800 may include a first control device 810, an image acquisition device 830, an injection auxiliary device 840, and a signal processing device 850.
[0157] The image acquisition device 830 may be configured to acquire one or more images. The image acquisition device 830 may acquire the one or more images before, during, and / or after the intervention operation. The image acquisition device 830 may include a digital subtraction angiography device, a computed tomography (CT) device, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device, a B-ultrasound device, etc.
[0158] For example, the image acquisition device 830 may acquire a preoperative image of the subject before the intervention operation, and send the preoperative images to the first control device 810. The first control device 810 may determine an initial vascular pathway map based on the preoperative image, and / or one or more control instructions containing parameter setting information of the image acquisition device. More descriptions may be found in FIG. 8B and the related descriptions thereof.
[0159] As another example, the image acquisition device 830 may acquire first image data and / or second image data of the subject during the intervention operation, and send the first image data and / or the second image data to the first control device 810. The first control device 810 may determine one or more control instructions associated with at least one of the image acquisition device, the robotic device, or the injection auxiliary device based on the first image data and / or the second image data. More descriptions may be found in FIGs. 8B-8D and the related descriptions thereof.
[0160] In some embodiments, the image acquisition device 830 may perform image acquisition based on the one or more control instructions sent by the first control device 810. For example, the image acquisition device 830 may adjust and / or set one or more acquisition parameters based on the one or more first control instructions sent by the first control device 810, and acquire the one or more images based on the one or more acquisition parameters. As another example, if the image acquisition device 830 is an X-ray device, the image acquisition device 830 may emit a ray beam based on a first control instruction sent by the first control device 810. More descriptions may be found in FIG. 8B and the related descriptions thereof.
[0161] The injection auxiliary device 840 may be configured to assist an injection instrument (e.g., a syringe) in performing an injection. For example, after receiving a second control instruction sent by the first control device 810, the injection auxiliary device 840 may assist the injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) to inject a medicine into the subject.
[0162] In some embodiments, the injection auxiliary device 840 may include at least one of a driving unit, a first display unit, an instruction detection unit, an injection pressure detection unit, a rate detection unit, and a position detection unit.
[0163] FIG. 8C is a schematic diagram illustrating an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0164] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8C, the injection auxiliary device 840 may include a driving unit 841, a position detection unit 842, and an injection propulsion block (e.g., an injection propulsion block 1117) . The position detection unit 842 may be configured to detect position information (e.g., relative coordinates of the injection propulsion block relative to the piston rod of the injection instrument) of the injection propulsion block of the injection auxiliary device 840. The injection propulsion block may be configured to push the piston rod (e.g., a piston rod 1114) of the injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) in the injection auxiliary device 840 to move. The driving unit 841 may be configured to drive the injection propulsion block to move, so as to drive the piston rod of the injection instrument to move to perform the injection operation. It can be understood that the movement speed of the injection propulsion block may be proportional to an injection rate of the injection auxiliary device 840.
[0165] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8C, the injection auxiliary device 840 may further include a first display unit 843, a rate detection unit 844, an instruction detection unit 845, and an injection pressure detection unit 846. The first display unit 843 may be provided with a display for displaying an injection parameter (e.g., a current injection pressure, a current injection rate, etc. ) and image information (e.g., an angiographic image during the intervention operation) . The rate detection unit 844 may be configured to detect an injection rate (i.e., the current injection rate) . The instruction detection unit 845 may be configured to receive and recognize an instruction (e.g., the second control instruction) for controlling the injection auxiliary device 840. The injection pressure detection unit 846 may be configured to detect an injection pressure (i.e., the current injection pressure) during the injection process.
[0166] In some embodiments, the injection auxiliary device 840 may further include an injection instrument detection unit (not shown in the figure) . The injection instrument detection unit may be configured to detect whether the injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) is placed according to a reference standard. The reference standard may include a reference position and / or a reference posture. The injection instrument detection unit may be configured to detect whether injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) is placed in the reference position with the reference posture, etc. ) .
[0167] The first control device 810 may determine one or more control instructions (e.g., the first control instruction, the second control instruction, and the third control instruction) associated with at least one of the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860 based on feedback information from at least one of the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860.
[0168] For example, the feedback information of the image acquisition device 830 may include one or more detection parameters (e.g., emission time, end time, an emission amount of the ray beam, etc. ) , and image data (e.g., a preoperative image, and an intraoperative image) . The preoperative image and the intraoperative image (e.g., the first image data, and the second image data) may be a two-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image. The preoperative image and the intraoperative image may be a contrast agent vascular image or a non-contrast agent vascular image. The preoperative image fed back by the image acquisition device may contain information such as an anatomical position, a vascular morphology, image quality, etc. In addition to the information of the anatomical position, the vascular morphology, and the image quality, the intraoperative image fed back by the image acquisition device may further include information, such as a position, a size, and a morphology of the intervention instrument, and / or stage information of the intervention operation.
[0169] As another example, the feedback information of the injection auxiliary device 840 may include the current injection pressure, the current injection rate, the current injection dose, etc. The feedback information of the injection auxiliary device may reflect a current state of the injection instrument.
[0170] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8E, the first control device 810 may determine position information (e.g., a current position (e.g., the first position and the second position) of the intervention instrument within a subject) , state information, force information, and motion information of the intervention instrument based on the feedback information of the image acquisition device 830 and / or the robotic device 860; and determine, based on feedback from the image acquisition device 830 and / or the injection auxiliary device 840, a vascular parameter (e.g., a diameter of the vessel, a blood flow rate, and a vasculopathy condition) and the vasculopathy condition of an ROI. Further, the first control device 810 may generate a first control instruction associated with the image acquisition device 830 to control the image acquisition device 830 for parameter setting or adjustment and image acquisition; generate a second control instruction associated with the injection auxiliary device 840 to control the injection auxiliary device 840 to adjust an injection parameter (e.g., an injection rate, an injection dose, and injection pressure) and perform medicine injection; and generate a third control instruction associated with the robotic device 860 to control the robotic device 860 to convey the intervention instrument to the ROI.
[0171] Merely by way of example, the first control device 810 may determine one or more injection instruction parameters (including a first target injection rate, a target injection pressure (i.e., an injection pressure limit) , and a first target injection dose, etc. ) for each injection position of one or more positions where a medicine needs to be injected of the subject based on the angiographic image fed back by the image acquisition device 830 and the current injection information (e.g., the current injection rate, the current injection pressure, etc. ) fed back by the injection auxiliary device 840, generate the second control instruction containing the injection instruction parameter, and transmit the second control instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840 through the signal processing device 850 to perform an automatic injection control of the injection auxiliary device 840.
[0172] An injection mode of the injection auxiliary device 840 may include an automatic injection mode and a manual injection mode. In the automatic injection mode, the first control device 810 may be configured to automatically determine the first target injection dose and the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on the first image data acquired by the image acquisition device 830 during the intervention operation; determine the first target injection rate based on the blood flow rate; in response to determining that the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, control the injection auxiliary device to maintain the injection pressure of the injection instrument constant until the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose; in response to determining that the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate and the injection pressure does not reach the injection pressure limit, control the injection auxiliary device to increase the injection pressure of the injection instrument until the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate or the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose. In this embodiment, the first image data may be the angiographic image acquired by the image acquisition device 830 during the intervention operation. More descriptions regarding the first control device 810 implementing the automatic injection control may be found in FIG. 4 and the related descriptions thereof.
[0173] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8A, the system for intervention operation control 800 may further include a robotic device 860.
[0174] The robotic device 860 may be configured to convey at least one intervention instrument. For example, the robotic device 860 may convey the intervention instrument within a subject. The at least one intervention instrument refers to at least one instrument used during the intervention operation, such as a catheter, a guidewire, a puncture needle, a percutaneous balloon, an injection instrument, etc. The puncture needle, the catheter, the guidewire, or the like, may enter a human body through puncturing. A treatment channel may be established to introduce a specific intervention instrument such as the percutaneous balloon and a vascular stent into a lesion site of the human body. For example, the robotic device 860 may include components such as an instrument conveying member, a robotic arm, etc. The instrument conveying member may clamp the at least one intervention instrument and convey the at least one intervention instrument to an ROI (e.g., a target vessel or a target organ) of the subject. The robotic device 860 may send feedback information to the first control device 810, and / or receive a control instruction (e.g., a third control instruction) sent by the first control device 810. For example, the feedback information from the robotic device 860 may include motion information such as a conveying angle, a conveying speed, and / or a conveying distance of the robotic device 860. The motion information of the robotic device 860 may reflect force information (e.g., a force magnitude, force change curve, etc. ) and / or motion information of the intervention instrument clamped by the robotic device 860. The robotic device 860 may realize automatic conveying of the at least one intervention instrument based on the one or more control instructions sent by the first control device.
[0175] The signal processing device 850 may be configured to transmit information (e.g., the feedback information from the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860, and the one or more control instructions generated by the first control device 810) between different devices (e.g., the first control device 810, the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860) of the system for intervention operation control 800, and perform switching of the injection modes (e.g., the automatic injection mode and the manual injection mode) of the injection auxiliary device 840.
[0176] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be further configured to: stop the medicine injection if the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate when the injection pressure is increased to reach the injection pressure limit, and adjust the position of the catheter tip in the vessel through the robotic device 860. For example, if the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate when the injection pressure is increased to reach the injection pressure limit, the first control device 810 may generate the second control instruction to stop the medicine injection, and send the second control instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840 through the signal processing device 850 to control the injection auxiliary device 840 to stop the medicine injection. The first control device 810 may generate the third control instruction relating to catheter adjustment simultaneously or subsequently, and send the third control instruction to the robotic device 860 through the signal processing device 850, such that the robotic device 860 may adjust the position of the catheter tip in the vessel based on the third control instruction. For example, the robotic device 860 may clamp a catheter through the instrument conveying member and drive the catheter to translate and / or rotate to adjust a depth of the catheter tip in the vessel, an angle of the catheter tip in the vessel relative to the vessel, etc. The instruction relating to the catheter adjustment may include an adjustment parameter for the catheter tip. For example, the adjustment parameter may include “the catheter tip extending downward by 0.5 mm” .
[0177] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be configured to obtain first image data of the subject acquired by the image acquisition device, determine a current position (i.e., a first position) of the intervention instrument conveyed by the robotic device 860 within the subject based on the first image data; and control the robotic device 860 to convey the intervention instrument to a target position from the current position according to first operations. The first operations may include controlling the injection auxiliary device 840 to assist the injection instrument to inject a medicine into the subject, controlling the image acquisition device 830 to acquire second image data after the medicine is injected into the subject, and controlling the robotic device 860 to convey the intervention instrument to a next position (i.e., the second position) from the first position. The first control device may repeat the first operations until the intervention instrument is conveyed to the target position.
[0178] For example, the first control device 810 may update the initial vascular pathway map based on the second image data to obtain the updated vascular pathway map, determine the state information of the intervention instrument based on the second image data, and based on the updated vascular pathway map, state information, force information and motion information of the intervention instrument, determine a third control instruction for the robotic device 860 to control the robotic device 860 to move the intervention instrument from the current position to the next position. In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may determine whether to deliver the intervention instrument to the target position based on the image acquired by the image acquisition device 830 after the injection has been completed.
[0179] In some embodiments, the system for intervention operation control 800 may not include the signal processing device 850. In this case, the information (e.g., the feedback information from the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860, and the one or more control instructions generated by the first control device 810) generated by the devices (e.g., the first control device 810, the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860) of the system for intervention operation control 800 may be transmitted via a network (e.g., the network 120) .
[0180] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the accuracy of the adjustment can be improved by adjusting the position of the catheter through the robotic device, thereby avoiding ineffective injection, and ensuring that the medicine can reach the ROI.
[0181] FIG. 8B is schematic diagram illustrating internal modules of a first control device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0182] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8B, the first control device 810 may include an image acquisition device control module 811, an injection auxiliary device control module 812, and a robotic device control module 813.
[0183] For example, the image acquisition device control module 811 may include an image acquisition unit and a first instruction generation unit. The injection auxiliary device control module 812 may include a first vessel identification unit, a medicine identification unit, a second instruction generation unit, and an injection safety evaluation unit. The robotic device control module 813 may include a second vessel identification unit, an instrument identification unit, and a third instruction generation unit (not shown in the figure) .
[0184] The image acquisition unit may be configured to send an image acquisition instruction (e.g., a first control instruction) to the image acquisition device 830 through the signal processing device 850 or the network to control the image acquisition device 830 to acquire one or more images (e.g., first image data, second image data, etc. ) based on the image acquisition instruction. The first instruction generation unit may be configured to determine one or more acquisition parameters (e.g., a protocol sequence, an acquisition posture, an acquisition duration, an acquisition frequency, etc. ) and / or one or more detection parameters (e.g., a release start time, a release end time, etc. ) and generate a first control instruction based on the one or more acquisition parameters and / or one or more detection parameters. The first instruction generation unit may send the first control instruction to the image acquisition device 830 through the signal processing device 850 or the network.
[0185] The first vessel identification unit may be configured to determine one or more vessel parameters (e.g., a vessel diameter, a vessel shape (e.g., whether bifurcated) , a vasculopathy condition, etc. ) according to image information (e.g., the first image data) fed back by the image acquisition device 830.
[0186] The instrument identification unit may be configured to determine relevant parameters (e.g., force information, posture information, whether there is deformation, etc. of the intervention instrument) of the intervention instrument based on the image information fed back by the image acquisition device 830.
[0187] The medicine identification unit may be configured to determine one or more medicine parameters (e.g., a medicine signal intensity, a first target injection dose, a first target injection rate, an injection pressure limit, etc. ) based on the image information (e.g., the first image data and / or the second image data) fed back by the image acquisition device 830.
[0188] The second instruction generation unit may be configured to generate a relevant instruction (e.g., a second control instruction) for an automatic injection through one or more injection parameters fed back by the injection auxiliary device 840 and parameters (e.g., the angiographic image fed back by the image acquisition device 830) fed back by other units of the system for intervention operation control system 800.
[0189] The injection safety evaluation unit may be configured to perform safety monitoring and control based on the one or more injection parameters (e.g., a current injection rate, a current injection pressure, a current injection dose, etc. ) fed back by the injection auxiliary device 840 and the parameters (e.g., the angiographic image fed back by the image acquisition device 830) fed back by other units of the system for intervention operation control 800.
[0190] The third instruction generation unit may be configured to generate a third control instruction associated with the robotic device through one or more injection parameters fed back by the robotic device 860 and the parameters (e.g., the first image data, the second image data, etc. fed back by the image acquisition device 830) fed back by other units of the system for intervention operation control 800.
[0191] More descriptions regarding the control of the first control device 810 may be found in the related descriptions below.
[0192] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be further configured to: determine an emission time of the image acquisition device 830 emitting a ray beam based on position information of the intervention instrument and motion information of the robotic device 860; and determine a first control instruction associated with the image acquisition device 830 based on the emission time, and send the first control instruction to the image acquisition device 830. For example, if the image acquisition device 830 is an X-ray device, the first control device 810 may obtain the motion information of the robotic device 860 and the position information of the intervention instrument clamped by the robotic device 860 based on the feedback information of the robotic device 860, so as to determine the emission time of the image acquisition device 830 emitting the ray beam. The above embodiment may be executed by the robotic device control module 813 of the first control device 810.
[0193] The motion information of the robotic device 860 is used to characterize a motion capability of the robotic device when conveying the intervention instrument. The motion information of the robotic device 860 may include a movement parameter of the intervention instrument when the robotic device conveys the intervention instrument. The movement parameter may include a movement speed, a rotational angular speed, etc. For example, the motion information of the robotic device 860 may include “the movement speed of the intervention instrument clamped by the robotic device being 1 cm / s, and the rotational angular speed 10 rad / s” .
[0194] The position information of the intervention instrument may reflect a spatial position of the intervention instrument in the vessel. The position information of the intervention instrument may be represented by position coordinates of the intervention instrument in the vessel.
[0195] The first control instruction refers to an instruction associated with the image acquisition device 830. For example, the first control instruction may include the emission time determined by the above manner. After the emission time is determined, the first control device 810 may generate the corresponding first control instruction, and transmit the first control instruction to the image acquisition device 830 through the signal processing device 850 or the network, such that the image acquisition device 830 emits the ray beam based on the emission time corresponding to the first control instruction.
[0196] The emission time represents a duration (i.e., a time interval from a moment when the image acquisition device 830 starts emitting the ray beam to a moment when emitting the ray beam is stopped) of the ray beam (e.g., an X-ray beam) emitted by the image acquisition device 830.
[0197] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may determine a required movement distance of the intervention instrument based on the position information of the intervention instrument; determine a movement duration of the intervention instrument based on the required movement distance of the intervention instrument; and determine the emission time (e.g., the emission time may be a product of the movement duration of the intervention instrument and a proportional coefficient) based on the movement duration of the intervention instrument. For example, if the position information of the intervention instrument is that “the intervention instrument is located above a vessel, and a distance of the intervention instrument from the vessel is 2 cm” , and a movement target position of the intervention instrument is inserted into the vessel by 0.1 cm, the required movement distance of the intervention instrument is 2+0.1=2.1 cm; assuming that the movement speed of the robotic device is 1 cm / s, the movement duration of the intervention instrument is 2.1 / 1=2.1 s. Accordingly, assuming that the proportional coefficient is 1.1, the emission time is 2.1×1.1=2.31 s. The proportional coefficient may be preset. For example, the proportional coefficient may be 1, 1.05, 1.1 or 1.2, etc. It can be understood that in order to ensure that the emission time covers the movement duration of the intervention instrument, the proportionality coefficient may be a value greater than or equal to 1.
[0198] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be further configured to determine an image acquisition moment (i.e., the moment when the image acquisition device 830 starts to emit the ray beam) of the image acquisition device 830 to reduce radiation. For example, when the injection auxiliary device 840 switches between an automatic injection mode and a manual injection mode, since the automatic injection mode and the manual injection mode have different requirements for the image (e.g., since the manual injection mode is a manually operated injection process, the manual injection mode is more likely to have risks such as too fast injection rate and over injection, and an image acquired in the manual injection mode needs to be of higher quality than an image acquired in the automatic injection mode) , a moment when the injection auxiliary device 840 switches between the automatic injection mode and the manual injection mode (e.g., switching from the manual injection mode to the automatic injection mode) may be used as the image acquisition moment of the image acquisition device 830 to acquire one or more new images (e.g., reacquire one or more images with higher image quality) . As another example, after the robotic device 860 clamps the intervention instrument and moves, since the position of the intervention instrument changes, it is necessary to reacquire an image at this time to determine whether there is a risk in the operation of conveying the intervention instrument. Accordingly, a moment after the robotic device 860 clamps the intervention instrument and moves a preset distance and / or a preset angle may be used as the image acquisition moment of the image acquisition device 830. As another example, when a shape of the intervention instrument changes (e.g., a catheter is deformed by being squeezed by the vessel) , it is necessary to reacquire an image to determine whether the shape change of the intervention instrument causes harm to the vessel, so a moment when the deformation of the intervention instrument exceeds a deformation threshold (e.g., 20%) may be used as the image acquisition moment of the image acquisition device 830. As another example, when a force or motion state (e.g., the movement speed) of the intervention instrument is at risk (e.g., the force is too large or the movement speed is too large) , it is necessary to reacquire an image, so a moment when the force exceeds a preset force value or the movement speed exceeds a preset movement speed value may be used as the image acquisition moment of the image acquisition device 830.
[0199] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, since rays (e.g., X-rays) are radioactive and can cause damage to the human body, radiation damage to operation personnel of the intervention operation and the patient can be reduced by determining the appropriate release duration and the image acquisition moment based on the real-time state of each device.
[0200] In some embodiments, the intervention operation may include a plurality of stages, and the first control device 810 may be further configured to: determine, based on the first image data, a stage of the intervention operation being performed at a moment of acquisition of the first image data; determine one or more control instructions that match a next stage of the stage of the intervention operation being performed, and send the one or more control instructions to at least one of the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, or the injection auxiliary device 840. The above embodiment may be executed by the image acquisition device control module 811, the injection auxiliary device control module 812, and / or the robotic device control module 813 of the first control device 810.
[0201] The intervention operation may include a plurality of stages that are performed sequential in time. For example, the intervention operation may be divided into seven stages from P0 to P6 in time sequence.
[0202] The operations involved in the P0 stage may include preoperative planning (e.g., generating an initial vascular pathway map based on a preoperative image of the subject acquired by an image acquisition device) , vascular puncture, and placement of a vascular sheath.
[0203] The operations involved in the P1 stage may include selective vascular cannulation. Specifically, the operations corresponding to the P1 stage may include the robotic device 860 conveying a main channel instrument (e.g., a catheter) and obtaining force sensing data (e.g., thrust data during catheter conveying) ; the image acquisition device 830 obtaining one or more real-time images during the conveying of the main channel instrument and adjusting one or more acquisition parameters (e.g., an acquisition frequency, an acquisition duration, an acquisition posture, etc. ) ; and the injection auxiliary device 840 assisting in the medicine injection (e.g., a contrast agent) .
[0204] The operations involved in the P2 stage may include angiography. Specifically, the operations corresponding to the P2 stage may include the medicine injection (e.g., the contrast agent) by the injection auxiliary device 840; the image acquisition device 830 acquiring the one or more real-time images (e.g., an angiographic image) during the medicine injection, and adjusting the one or more acquisition parameters (e.g., the acquisition posture, the acquisition protocol, the acquisition frequency, the acquisition duration, etc. ) .
[0205] The operations involved in the P3 stage may include superselective vascular cannulation. Specifically, the operations corresponding to the P3 stage may include the robotic device 860 conveying the main channel instrument (e.g., the catheter) and obtaining the force sensing data (e.g., the thrust data during catheter conveying) ; the image acquisition device 830 acquiring the one or more real-time images during the instrument delivery process and adjusting the one or more acquisition parameters (e.g., the acquisition posture, the acquisition protocol, the acquisition frequency, the acquisition duration, etc. ) ; and the injection auxiliary device 840 assisting in the medicine injection (e.g., the injection of the contrast agent) .
[0206] The operations involved in the P4 stage may include conveying of at least one therapeutic instrument. Specifically, the operations corresponding to the P4 stage may include conveying of a fast exchange catheter channel instrument by the robotic device 860; the image acquisition device 830 acquiring the one or more real-time images during conveying of the fast exchange catheter channel instrument, and adjust the one or more acquisition parameters (e.g., the acquisition posture, the acquisition protocol, the acquisition frequency, the acquisition duration, etc. ) .
[0207] The operations involved in the P5 stage may include the medicine injection. Specifically, the operations corresponding to the P5 stage may include the medicine injection by the injection auxiliary device 840; and the image acquisition device 830 acquiring the one or more real-time images during the medicine injection.
[0208] The operations involved in the P6 stage may include withdrawal of at least one instrument. Specifically, the operations corresponding to the P6 stage may include the robotic device 860 withdrawing the main channel instrument (e.g., the intervention instrument) and acquiring the force sensing data (e.g., the thrust data during the withdrawal of the at least one instrument) ; the image acquisition device 830 acquiring the one or more real-time images during the withdrawal of the at least one instrument.
[0209] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may determine a current stage of the intervention operation by analyzing image features of the first image data. The image features of the first image data may include an anatomical position, a vascular morphology, a position, a size, and / or a morphology of the intervention instrument (e.g., the catheter) corresponding to the first image data, etc.
[0210] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may perform feature analysis on the first image data through a neural network model, and predict the current stage of the intervention operation based on a feature analysis result (e.g., whether the vessel contains the contrast agent, a positional relationship between the intervention instrument and the vessel, the force information and / or the motion information of the intervention instrument, etc. ) . Further, among a plurality of pre-divided stages, the first control device 810 may use a stage that is adjacent to the current stage and after the current stage in the time sequence as the next stage of the current stage based on the time sequence of the stages, and generate the one or more control instructions that match the next stage after the current stage.
[0211] The one or more control instructions that match the next stage of the current stage refer to the control instructions adapted to the operations of the next stage. For example, the current stage is P1 and the next stage is P2. Referring to the above descriptions, conveying of the intervention instrument is required in the P1 stage but not in the P2 stage. Therefore, the one or more control instructions that match the next stage P2 of the current stage P1 may include the first control instruction (e.g., whether to perform image acquisition, whether to adjust the one or more acquisition parameters, and the corresponding acquisition parameters) associated with the image acquisition device 830, and the second control instruction (e.g., a first target injection rate, a first target injection dose, an injection pressure limit, etc., related to a contrast agent injection) associated with the injection auxiliary device 840. As another example, the current stage is P3, and the next stage is P4. Referring to the above description, conveying of the at least one therapeutic equipment is required in the P4 stage. Therefore, the one or more control instructions that match the next stage P4 of the current stage P3 may include the third control instruction (e.g., parameters such as an instrument conveying type, a conveying angle, a conveying speed, a conveying distance, etc. ) associated with the robotic device 860, and the first control instruction (e.g., whether to perform image acquisition, whether to adjust the one or more acquisition parameters, and the corresponding acquisition parameters) associated with the image acquisition device 830.
[0212] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may generate automatic decision data (also referred to as second decision data) that matches the next stage of the current stage based on multi-device state data; in response to a confirmation operation of a user on the multi-device state data and the automatic decision data, generate a control instruction (hereinafter referred to as an automatic decision instruction) that matches the next stage of the current stage based on the automatic decision data.
[0213] The multi-device state data may include state data of at least two of the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and the injection auxiliary device 840. The state data reflects an operation state or a fault state of each of the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and the injection auxiliary device 840. For example, the state data of the image acquisition device 830 may include an image acquisition frequency, an image quality of one or more acquired images (the image quality of the one or more acquired images may be characterized by a resolution or a signal-to-noise ratio of the image, etc. ) , etc. As another example, the state data of the robotic device 860 may include state information (e.g., posture information and force information of the intervention instrument) of the intervention instrument clamped by the robotic device 860, whether the robotic device 860 has a fault, etc. As another example, the state data of the injection auxiliary device 840 may include a position of an injection propulsion block (e.g., the injection propulsion block 1117) , a current injection pressure, a current injection rate, whether the injection auxiliary device has a fault, etc. More descriptions regarding the state information of the intervention instrument may be found in the related descriptions below.
[0214] The automatic decision data refers to data used to adjust the state of each of the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and the injection auxiliary device 840.
[0215] Merely by way of example, if in the multi-device state data at the current stage, the position information of the intervention instrument indicates that a diameter of the vessel where the intervention instrument (e.g., the catheter tip) is located is large enough (e.g., greater than a diameter threshold) or the vessel where the intervention instrument (e.g., the catheter tip) is located has no bifurcation, the corresponding automatic decision data generated may be including “reducing the acquisition frequency of the image acquisition device 830” , and the automatic decision instruction (i.e., the first control instruction) corresponding to the automatic decision data may including an instruction to control the image acquisition device 830 to reduce the acquisition frequency by a preset proportion (e.g., 5%, 10%, or 20%) , or an instruction to control the image acquisition device 830 to adjust the acquisition frequency and a corresponding target acquisition frequency.
[0216] As another example , if in the multi-device state data at the current stage, the force information of the intervention instrument indicates that a force value of the intervention instrument is too large (e.g., greater than a preset force threshold) or the morphology is abnormal (e.g., deformation occurs) , the corresponding automatic decision data generated may including “withdrawing the intervention instrument” , and the automatic decision instruction (also referred to as the third control instruction) corresponding to the automatic decision data may include an instruction to control the robotic device 860 to withdraw the intervention instrument until the force value of the intervention instrument is less than the preset force threshold, or an instruction to control the intervention instrument to restore an original shape of the intervention instrument, or an instruction similar to “controlling the robotic device 860 to rotate 180° and withdraw 10 cm” .
[0217] As another example, if the multi-device state data at the current stage indicates that the current operation has a risk (e.g., the position of the intervention instrument is close to the vessel wall, or a distance of the intervention instrument from the vessel wall is less than a preset distance threshold, etc. ) , the corresponding automatic decision data generated may include “increasing the image acquisition frequency of the image acquisition device 830” , and the automatic decision instruction (i.e., the first control instruction) corresponding to the automatic decision data may include an instruction to control the image acquisition device 830 to increase the image acquisition frequency by a preset proportion (e.g., 5%, 10%or 20%) , or an instruction to control the image acquisition device 830 to adjust the acquisition frequency and the corresponding target acquisition frequency. It can be understood that if the current operation has a risk, unexpected situations not conducive to the intervention operation may occur at any time (e.g., the position of the intervention instrument being close to the vessel wall indicates that a conveying depth of the intervention instrument in the vessel is too shallow, which may cause the medicine to be difficult to be injected into the vessel and abnormally aggregated) . Accordingly, it needs to acquire images of the vessel more frequently to identify real-time changes (e.g., a position change, a shape change, etc. ) of the intervention instrument in time, so as to make timely adjustments to the intervention instrument in response to the above changes (e.g., adjusting the position of the intervention instrument in time) .
[0218] As another example, if the multi-device state data at the current stage indicates that the image quality of the images acquired by the image acquisition device 830 is too low (e.g., the image signal intensity is lower than a preset signal intensity threshold and / or the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, etc. ) , the corresponding automatic decision data generated may include “adjusting the acquisition parameters and re-acquiring the images” , and the automatic decision instruction (i.e., the first control instruction) corresponding to the automatic decision data may include the image acquisition device 830 adjusting the acquisition parameters and corresponding target acquisition parameters.
[0219] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may compare the preoperative image acquired by the image acquisition device 830 and a historical image; generate, based on a comparison result, one or more initial acquisition parameters (e.g., an initial sequence protocol and an initial acquisition posture) of the image acquisition device 830; generate, based on the one or more initial acquisition parameters, the automatic decision instruction (i.e., the first control instruction) for the image acquisition device 830 and feed the automatic decision instruction back to the image acquisition device 830 to control the image acquisition device 830 to perform parameter setting based on the one or more initial acquisition parameters.
[0220] The historical image may include an image acquired by the image acquisition device 830 before or during a historical intervention operation. The first control device 810 may obtain the historical image from a storage device (e.g., the storage device 130) , compare the preoperative image and the historical image to perform quality evaluation on the current image. The first control device 810 may generate the one or more initial acquisition parameters for the image acquisition device 830 based on the comparison result (e.g., a quality evaluation result) , generate the automatic decision instruction for the image acquisition device 830 based on the one or more initial acquisition parameters, and feed the automatic decision instruction back to the image acquisition device 830. After receiving the automatic decision instruction, the image acquisition device 830 may set the one or more acquisition parameters to the one or more initial acquisition parameters. More descriptions regarding the acquisition posture may be found in the present disclosure below.
[0221] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may determine the automatic decision data by establishing a finite state machine, a behavior tree, etc., for each device through logical control. For example, a plurality of reference states of a device may be preset based on image data and sensor data, and different reference states correspond to different control instructions. If the current state of at least one of the image acquisition device, the robotic device, or the injection auxiliary device satisfies a reference state, state transfer switching may be triggered. The first control device 810 may send a control instruction corresponding to the reference state that the current state satisfies to the corresponding device. For example, the plurality of reference states may include a state reflecting the spatial position of the intervention instrument, a state reflecting the force information of the intervention instrument, a state reflecting the injection rate of the intervention instrument, a state reflecting the injection pressure of the injection instrument, etc. The determination or switching of the control instruction may be achieved through an intelligent algorithm, such as deep learning, reinforcement learning, etc.
[0222] After obtaining the multi-device state data, the first control device 810 may display the multi-device state data to the user (e.g., a doctor, etc. ) for confirmation through a display unit (e.g., a first display unit 843 or a second display unit 821) . In addition, after generating the automatic decision data that matches the next stage of the current stage based on the multi-device state data, the first control device 810 may display the automatic decision data to the user (e.g., the doctor, etc. ) for confirmation through the display unit (e.g., the first display unit 843) . In response to a confirmation operation of the user on the multi-device state data and the automatic decision data (e.g., the user confirms by clicking a confirmation button on a touch screen of the first display unit 843) , the first control device 810 may generate the automatic decision instruction based on the automatic decision data.
[0223] In some embodiments, if the decision data (also referred to as first decision data) input by a user is received during the execution of the corresponding control instruction by any one of the injection auxiliary device 840, the robotic device 860, and the image acquisition device 820, the first control device 810 may control the device associated with the decision data to stop executing the control instruction, and generate a target decision instruction (also referred to as a manual decision instruction) based on the first decision data, and send the target decision instruction to the device associated with the first decision data.
[0224] For example, the user may adjust the control instruction generated by the first control device 810 through an input port (e.g., a touch screen) of the terminal device 140 or a second control device when the first control device 810 controls the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and the injection auxiliary device 840.
[0225] In some embodiments, when the user controls the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and the injection auxiliary device 840 through the second control device, the first control device 810 may automatically correct and compensate the first decision data of the user or a manual decision instruction generated based on the first decision data to make the motion of each device more stable.
[0226] The manual decision instruction may be generated based on the first decision data, which ensures that the user has the highest priority, the manual decision is realized, and the operation of the device can be stopped in time when the user finds a risk or has a better decision, or the device executes the better decision of the user, so as to improve the reliability and safety of the operation.
[0227] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by recognizing the current stage based on the acquired images, it is ensured that each operation is performed at the corresponding stage, thereby avoiding manual determination errors; the corresponding devices and parameters are prepared in advance, and the control instructions for the next stage are automatically determined according to the current stage, thereby achieving seamless connection of the operation process, and improving the efficiency and automation of the operation.
[0228] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be further configured to: determine a reference acquisition posture by registering the first image data with reference image data; and determine a first control instruction associated with the image acquisition device 830 based on a posture at which the image acquisition device 830 acquires the first image data and the reference acquisition posture, the first control instruction being used to cause the image acquisition device 830 to adjust from the posture (hereinafter referred to as an initial posture) at which the image acquisition device acquires the first image data to the reference acquisition posture. The above embodiments can be executed by the image acquisition device control module 811 of the first control device 810.
[0229] The reference image data refers to a three-dimensional vascular image of a subject (i.e., a patient undergoing an intervention operation) . The reference image data may be acquired by the image acquisition device 830 before the operation, or may be pre-stored in a storage device (e.g., the storage device 130) for the first control device 810 to retrieve.
[0230] The acquisition posture may include an angle and a position (e.g., a distance from the subject) of the image acquisition device 830 when one or more images are acquired.
[0231] The reference acquisition posture may include an optimal acquisition angle and an optimal acquisition position. The reference image data acquired by the image acquisition device 830 at the optimal acquisition angle and the optimal acquisition position can minimize projection reduction and projection overlap, such that the quality of the acquired images is optimal.
[0232] In some embodiments, after the reference acquisition posture is determined, the first control device 810 may generate a first control instruction including the reference acquisition posture, and send the first control instruction to the image acquisition device 830. The image acquisition device 830 may adjust from an initial posture to the reference acquisition posture in response to the first control instruction. The initial posture may be the same as or different from the initial acquisition posture described above. For example, the initial posture may be a posture after the initial acquisition posture is adjusted.
[0233] In some embodiments, after the reference acquisition posture is determined, the first control device 810 may determine a difference (including an angle difference and a position difference) between the reference acquisition posture and the initial posture at which the first image data is acquired; generate, based on the difference, the corresponding first control instruction to cause the image acquisition device 830 to adjust from the initial posture to the reference acquisition posture. For example, if the initial posture of the image acquisition device 830 is that “the inclination angle is 20° and the distance from the subject is 32 cm” , and the reference acquisition posture is that “the inclination angle is 15° and the distance from the subject is 25 cm” , the corresponding first control instruction may be that “the inclination angle is reduced by 5° and the position is lowered by 7 cm” .
[0234] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by determining the reference acquisition posture and controlling the image acquisition device to adjust to the reference acquisition posture, the projection reduction and projection overlap of the images acquired by the image acquisition device can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the image quality of the images acquired by the image acquisition device during subsequent operations.
[0235] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be further configured to: in response to determining that the posture of the image acquisition device 830 is adjusted to the reference acquisition posture, determine a second control instruction associated with the injection auxiliary device 840 and send the second control instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840, the second control instruction being used to cause the injection auxiliary device 840 to control the injection instrument to administer the medicine injection; and in response to determining that the injection instrument completes the medicine injection, update, based on second image data acquired by the image acquisition device 830 at the reference acquisition posture, an initial vascular pathway map to obtain an updated vascular pathway map. The above embodiment may be executed by the injection auxiliary device control module 812 of the first control device 810.
[0236] The second control instruction refers to a control instruction associated with the injection auxiliary device 840, such as an instruction associated with the injection auxiliary device 840 for controlling the injection instrument to perform the medicine injection or stop the medicine injection, or a control instruction including a first target injection rate, a first target injection dose, and an injection pressure limit.
[0237] The second image data is an intraoperative image of the subject acquired by the image acquisition device 830 at the reference acquisition posture.
[0238] After the image acquisition device 830 is adjusted to the reference acquisition posture, the image acquisition device 830 may send the feedback information to the first control device 810. In response to determining that information indicating posture adjustment completion fed back by the image acquisition device 830 is received, the first control device 810 may generate the second control instruction, and send the second control instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840 through the signal processing device 850 or the network. After receiving the second control instruction, the injection auxiliary device 840 may control the injection instrument (e.g., the syringe) to start the medicine injection (e.g., adjust the one or more injection parameters based on the second control instruction to control the injection instrument to complete the medicine injection) . After the medicine injection is completed, the injection auxiliary device 840 may send feedback information of completion of the medicine injection to the first control device 810 through the signal processing device 850 or the network. In response to determining that the feedback information of the completion of the medicine injection is received, the first control device 810 may generate the first control instruction to control the image acquisition device 830 to acquire the second image data, and send the first control instruction to the image acquisition device 830 through the signal processing device 850 or the network. In response to determining that the first control instruction is received, the image acquisition device 830 may acquire the second image data and feed the second image data back to the first control device 810. The first control device 810 may update the initial vascular pathway map based on the second image data to obtain the updated vascular pathway map (e.g., update the vascular features of each vessel in the initial vascular pathway map based on vascular features of each vessel in the second image data (including a position, a shape, a length, a width, etc. of the vessel) to obtain the updated vascular pathway map) .
[0239] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the vascular pathway map is updated based on the images acquired by the image acquisition device after the posture is adjusted, such that the updated vascular pathway map is more accurate, thereby improving the accuracy of intervention operation control.
[0240] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be further configured to: determine state information of the intervention instrument based on the second image data; and determine, based on the updated vascular pathway map, the state information, force information, and motion information of the intervention instrument, a third control instruction associated with the robotic device, the third control instruction being used to cause the robotic device to convey the intervention instrument to a region of interest (ROI) of the subject. The above embodiment may be executed by the robotic device control module 813 of the first control device 810.
[0241] The state information of the intervention instrument may include position information (e.g., spatial coordinate information of the intervention instrument) and posture information (e.g., an inclination angle of the intervention instrument, a depth of insertion into the vessel, etc. ) of the intervention instrument, whether the intervention instrument is within a safe range (e.g., the intervention instrument is within an unsafe range if the depth of the intervention instrument inserted into the vessel is greater than a preset safe depth) , whether the vessel is blocked (i.e. whether the intervention instrument blocks the vessel in the image acquired by the image acquisition device 830) , whether deformation occurs, etc. Furthermore, if the vessel is blocked, it needs to adjust the acquisition posture of the image acquisition device 830 or the posture of the intervention instrument to prevent blocking the vessel.
[0242] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be provided with an image recognition model. The state information of the intervention instrument may be determined by processing the second image data using the image recognition model. The image recognition model may be a machine learning model, such as a convolutional neural networks (CNN) model.
[0243] The force information reflects a force condition of the intervention instrument. The force information may include a force value, a force direction, a force change condition (e.g., a force change per unit time) , a prediction of force change trend, etc., of the intervention instrument. The force information may be obtained based on a mechanical sensor disposed on the robotic device 860.
[0244] The third control instruction may be configured to control the robotic device 860 to convey the intervention instrument to the ROI of the subject.
[0245] The third control instruction may include a control parameter for a conveying process of the intervention instrument by the robotic device 860. For example, the control parameter may include a type of the conveyed intervention instrument, and a forward / backward distance, an ascending / descending distance, a rotation direction and angle, and / or a movement speed of the intervention instrument.
[0246] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the path planning and operation parameters of the robotic device are dynamically adjusted according to the updated vascular pathway map, the force information and the motion information of the intervention instrument to ensure that each operation is performed under optimal conditions, avoid errors caused by path deviation or abnormal instrument state, and ensure that the robotic device can accurately convey the intervention instrument to the ROI of the subject.
[0247] In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may further construct a digital vessel model based on the updated vascular pathway map, and the state information, the force information, and the motion information of the intervention instrument.
[0248] The digital vessel model refers to a three-dimensional virtual model of blood vessels. The digital vessel model may be configured to predict risks of the intervention operation and build a virtual operation environment to train an artificial intelligence system (e.g., an artificial intelligence robot) so as to automatically perform the intervention operation.
[0249] In combination with the above description, the injection auxiliary device 840 may include at least one position detection unit 842, at least one injection propulsion block (e.g., the injection propulsion block 1117) , and at least one driving unit 841. In some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be further configured to: control, in response to receiving a positioning instruction, the at least one position detection unit to detect an initial position of the at least one injection propulsion block; determine a motion instruction based on the initial position, and send the motion instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840, such that the injection auxiliary device 840 controls the at least one driving unit to drive the at least one injection propulsion block to a position of the piston rod (e.g., the piston rod 1114) . The above embodiment may be executed by the injection auxiliary device control module 812 of the first control device 810.
[0250] The positioning instruction refers to an instruction for triggering the position detection unit to detect the initial position of the injection propulsion block (e.g., the injection propulsion block 1117) .
[0251] The initial position refers to a position of the injection propulsion block relative to the piston rod (e.g., the piston rod 1114) of the injection instrument before the injection. For example, the initial position may include that “the injection propulsion block is located on a left side of the piston rod of the injection instrument, and a distance relative to the piston rod of the injection instrument is 2 cm” . The initial position may be obtained based on a position sensor (e.g., a linear displacement sensor, etc. ) disposed on the position detection unit 842.
[0252] The motion instruction is may be configured to instruct the driving unit 841 to drive the injection propulsion block. The motion instruction may include a movement parameter of the injection propulsion block, such as a movement distance, a movement speed, a movement direction, etc. For example, referring to the previous example, taking the initial position of “the injection propulsion block being located on the left side of the injection instrument piston rod (e.g., the piston rod 1114) , and the distance relative to the injection instrument piston rod being 2 cm” as an example, in order to move the injection propulsion block to the position of the piston rod, the movement parameter included in the motion instruction may include that “the movement direction is right, the movement distance is 2 cm, and the movement speed is 1 cm / s” .
[0253] In some embodiments of present disclosure, the position detection unit can detect the position information of the injection propulsion block in real time to ensure that the dose and the rate of each injection satisfy expectations. By accurately controlling the movement of the injection propulsion block, the injection amount of the medicine or contrast agent is ensured to be accurate. The injection auxiliary device controls the driving unit to drive the injection propulsion block to move according to the received motion instruction, thereby ensuring that the piston rod performs the injection at the expected speed and distance.
[0254] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8A, the system for intervention operation control 800 may further include a second control device 820. The user may control the injection auxiliary device 840, the robotic device 860, and the image acquisition device 830 of the system through the second control device 820. In some embodiments, the second control device 820 may be configured to obtain decision data (i.e., first decision data) input by the user; generate one or more control instructions based on the decision data; and feed the one or more control instructions back to at least one of the injection auxiliary device 840, the robotic device 860, and the image acquisition device 830.
[0255] For example, referring to FIG. 8F, the user may control the movement of the intervention instrument by sending a control instruction to the robotic device 860 through the second control device 820 (e.g., inputting decision data related to the control instruction through a touch screen of the second control device 820) ; send an image acquisition instruction to the image acquisition device 830 (e.g., input the decision data related to the control instruction through the touch screen of the second control device 820) to obtain the latest position of the intervention instruction, and send a control instruction for continuous image acquisition; control the image acquisition device 830 to adjust a position and a posture of the image acquisition device 830 through the second control device 820 (e.g., input the decision data related to the control instruction through the touch screen of the second control device 820) ; and send a medicine injection instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840 through the second control device 820 (e.g., input the decision data related to the control instruction through the touch screen of the second control device 820) , etc.
[0256] FIG. 8D is a schematic diagram illustrating internal units of a second control device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0257] For example, as shown in FIG. 8D, the second control device 820 may include a second display unit 821, an instruction detection unit 822, and a force feedback assembly 823.
[0258] The second control device 820 may be located in a different physical space from the first control device 810, the image acquisition device 830, and the injection auxiliary device 840. For example, the first control device 810, the image acquisition device 830, the injection auxiliary device 840, and the robotic device 860 may be placed in a scanning room, and the second control device 820 may be placed in an operation room. In this case, the second control device 820 may be a remote device. Accordingly, the manual control mode may be a remote control mode.
[0259] The second display unit 821 may be configured to display a manual control parameter (e.g., a current injection rate, a current injection dose, a current injection pressure, etc. ) and image information (e.g., a vascular pathway map, a real-time angiographic image, etc. ) . The second display unit 821 may be provided with a display screen, a touch screen (e.g., used for inputting the first decision data) , a loudspeaker, functional buttons, etc.
[0260] The instruction detection unit 822 may be configured to receive decision data (e.g., a second target injection dose or a second target injection rate, and other injection instruction information, or an image acquisition protocol, an acquisition posture, an acquisition frequency, an acquisition duration, and other image acquisition information) input by a user (e.g., a doctor) through the second control device 820, and transmit the decision data to other devices (e.g., the injection auxiliary device 840, the image acquisition device 830, and the robotic device 860) through the signal processing device 850 or the network.
[0261] The force feedback assembly 823 may be configured to feed back a current operation pressure (e.g., an injection pressure) to a holder (e.g., the doctor holding the force feedback assembly 823) of the force feedback assembly 823 in a tactile manner, and obtain the action information of a holder operation on the force feedback assembly 823. For example, the injection auxiliary device 840 may obtain the current injection pressure of the injection instrument through the injection pressure detection unit 846, and send feedback information containing the current injection pressure to the second control device 820 through the signal processing device 850 or the network. In response to receiving the feedback information, the second control device 820 may control the force feedback assembly 823 to feed back the current injection pressure to the doctor in a tactile manner to assist the doctor in the manual control.
[0262] The action information of the force feedback assembly 823 refers to information generated when the user operates the force feedback assembly 823, including a force of operating the force feedback assembly 823, a movement distance, a movement speed, a movement direction, a key state (e.g., the time the holder presses each key, etc. ) , or the like, of the force feedback assembly 823. The action information may be obtained based on one or more sensors (e.g., a position sensor, a mechanical sensor, etc. ) disposed on the force feedback assembly 823.
[0263] The following is an example of the second control device 820 performing the injection operation in the manual injection mode.
[0264] The second control device 820 may be configured to receive action information of the user operating the force feedback assembly, convert the action information into an actual injection rate, and send the actual injection rate to the injection auxiliary device 840 for manual injection.
[0265] The actual injection rate is defined by an actual movement speed of the injection propulsion block (e.g., the injection propulsion block 1117) during the injection process in the manual injection mode.
[0266] After the second control device 820 obtains the motion information of the force feedback assembly, the second control device 820 may process and analyze the motion information and convert the motion information into the actual injection rate. For example, the second control device 820 may determines the movement speed of the force feedback assembly 823 as the actual injection rate, or determine the actual injection speed based on the movement distance of the force feedback assembly 823 within a certain period of time.
[0267] The injection auxiliary device 840 may be further configured to control the driving unit 841 to move based on the actual injection rate, so as to drive the injection propulsion block to push the piston rod (e.g., the piston rod 1114) of the injection instrument at the actual injection rate to perform the manual injection.
[0268] In some embodiments, the second control device 820 may be further configured to: receive a second target injection dose and a second target injection rate input by the user; and convert the second target injection dose into a target push distance, and convert the second target injection rate into a target injection rate.
[0269] The second target injection dose refers to a dose of the medicine (e.g., the contrast agent) that is manually input (e.g., input through an input device of the second control device 820) by the user (e.g., a doctor participating in the intervention operation) and is expected to be injected into the blood vessel of the subject during the manual injection.
[0270] The second target injection rate refers to a rate at which the medicine (e.g., the contrast agent) is manually input (e.g., input through the input device of the second control device 820) by the user (e.g., the doctor participating in the intervention operation) and is expected to be injected into the blood vessel of the subject during the manual injection.
[0271] The target injection distance refers to a distance that the injection propulsion block (e.g., the injection propulsion block 1117) needs to move during the manual injection. For example, the target injection distance may be equal to a value obtained by dividing the second target injection dose by a cross-sectional area of the catheter.
[0272] The target injection rate refers to an expected movement speed of the injection propulsion block during the injection process. For example, the second target injection rate may be equal to the target injection rate.
[0273] In some embodiments, the second control device 820 may be further configured to: monitor an actual injection distance and an actual injection rate of the user when the user operates the injection auxiliary device for injection; and issue a reminder when the actual injection distance is close to the target injection distance and the actual injection rate is greater than the target injection rate.
[0274] The actual injection distance refers to an actual movement distance of the injection propulsion block during the manual injection.
[0275] The injection auxiliary device 840 may obtain real-time position information of the injection instrument during the manual injection through the position detection unit 842, and send feedback information containing the real-time position information of the injection instrument to the second control device 820 through the signal processing device 850 or the network. The second control device 820 may determine the actual injection distance in real time based on the real-time position information in response to the received feedback information. For example, the second control device 820 may determine a position change (e.g., a displacement value) of the injection instrument during the manual injection based on the real-time position information, and use a value of the position change as the actual movement distance.
[0276] The actual injection rate refers to an actual movement rate of the injection propulsion block during the manual injection.
[0277] The injection auxiliary device 840 may obtain a real-time injection rate of the injection instrument during the manual injection through the rate detection unit 844, and send feedback information of the injection instrument containing the real-time injection rate to the second control device 820 through the signal processing device 850 or the network. The second control device 820 may determine the actual injection rate in real time based on the real-time injection rate in response to the received feedback information. For example, the second control device 820 may multiply the real-time injection rate by a coefficient to obtain the actual injection rate, or directly use the real-time injection rate as the actual injection rate.
[0278] The actual injection distance being close to the target injection distance means that a difference between the actual injection distance and the target injection distance is less than a distance threshold. The distance threshold may be preset. For example, the distance threshold may be preset to 2 mm, 3 mm, or 5 mm, etc. Taking the distance threshold of 3 mm as an example, if the difference between the actual injection distance and the target injection distance is less than 3 mm, it indicates that the actual injection distance is close to the target injection distance.
[0279] The reminder refers to a message to the user when the injection dose is close to the second target injection dose (i.e., when medicine injection dose is about to exceed the dose) . The reminder may be a text prompt message, a voice prompt message, a vibration prompt message, etc. For example, taking the reminder as the text prompt message as an example, the second control device 820 may present the reminder on the second display unit 821. As another example, taking the reminder as the vibration prompt message as an example, the second control device 820 may control the force feedback assembly 823 to vibrate to remind the user when the actual injection distance is close to the target injection distance and the actual injection rate is greater than the target injection rate.
[0280] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by providing the second control device in the system for intervention operation control, the doctor can manually control the devices of the system for intervention operation control when needed. Especially in a complex surgical stage or when the injection rate needs to be fine-tuned, the doctor can adjust the injection rate in real time through the force feedback assembly, providing a greater degree of freedom in operation. If the actual injection distance is close to the target injection distance and the actual injection rate is greater than the target injection rate, the second control device sends the reminder to remind the doctor to slow down or stop the injection in time to avoid excessive injection and protect the vascular health of the subject. The real-time monitoring and reminder functions reduce the need for doctors to frequently check injection parameters, thereby improving the operation convenience and efficiency for the doctors, and reduce the operation difficulty for the doctor.
[0281] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for intervention operation injection control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0282] As shown in FIG. 9, the first control device 810 may obtain a current medicine signal intensity (e.g., a contrast agent signal intensity) based on a real-time angiographic image fed back by the image acquisition device 830. If the current medicine signal intensity reaches a requirement (e.g., reaches a preset signal intensity threshold) , the first control device 810 may control the injection auxiliary device 840 to stop an automatic injection; if the current medicine signal intensity does not reach the requirement, the first control device 810 may control the injection auxiliary device 840 to perform the automatic injection. After the automatic injection is confirmed, the first control device 810 may determine a vessel where a catheter tip is located based on the real-time angiographic image, so as to determine a blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located, a vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located, and / or a diameter of the vessel where the catheter tip is located. The first control device 810 may determine an initial injection rate based on the blood flow rate, and determine a first target injection rate by adjusting the initial injection rate based on the vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located and / or the diameter of the vessel. Meanwhile, the first control device 810 may determine a first target injection dose based on a difference between the current medicine signal intensity and the target medicine signal intensity.
[0283] The first control device 810 may determine an injection pressure limit based on a prior parameter of a catheter. Further, the first control device 810 may determine whether an injection pressure reaches the injection pressure limit and whether an injection rate reaches the first target injection rate based on the current injection pressure and the current injection rate fed back by the injection auxiliary device 840. If the injection pressure reaches the injection pressure limit and / or the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, the injection auxiliary device 840 may be controlled to maintain the current injection pressure or appropriately reduce the current injection pressure (e.g., reduce the injection pressure by 5%) . If the injection pressure does not reach the injection pressure limit, it indicates that the current injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate, the injection auxiliary device 840 may be controlled to increase the injection pressure.
[0284] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation process of an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0285] As shown in FIG. 10, after the injection auxiliary device 840 is turned on, system reset and self-check may be performed. If a fault occurs, the fault may be cleared and the self-check is performed again. After confirming that there is no fault, the injection auxiliary device 840 may enter a standby state. After a user (e.g., a doctor) confirms to turn on a remote injection mode (i.e., a manual injection mode) , if it is detected (e.g., by an injection device detection unit) that an injection instrument is placed in an injection instrument fixing module (e.g., an injection device fixing module 1115) of the injection auxiliary device 840, the injection auxiliary device 840 may be triggered to automatically locate a piston rod (e.g., the piston rod 1114) of the injection instrument and enter an operation state. In the operation state, the first control device 810 may obtain multi-dimensional state information based on a real-time angiographic image fed back by the image acquisition device 830, generate a current injection instruction (i.e., a second control instruction) based on the multi-dimensional state information and current injection information (e.g., a current injection rate, a current injection pressure, a current injection dose, etc. ) fed back by the injection auxiliary device 840, and send the injection instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840. If the injection auxiliary device 840 detects the input of the injection instruction (e.g., through the instruction detection unit 845) , the injection auxiliary device 840 may perform an automatic injection according to the injection instruction. After all injections are completed (e.g., one or more injections are completed in one or more positions where a medicine needs to be injected) , the injection auxiliary device 840 may performs reset and self-check to enter the standby state and wait for the automatic injection of a next stage.
[0286] After the injection instrument is placed in a fixing position of the injection auxiliary device 840, before the automatic injection or the manual injection, an injection propulsion block (e.g., the injection propulsion block 1117) of the injection auxiliary device 840 may be generally located at the position of the piston rod (e.g., piston rod 1114) of the injection instrument. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the first control device 810 may be configured to trigger the position detection unit 842 of the injection auxiliary device 840 to detect an initial position of the injection propulsion block in response to a positioning instruction. The first control device 810 may generate a motion instruction based on the initial position and send the motion instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840. After the injection auxiliary device 840 receives the motion instruction (e.g., through the instruction detection unit 845) , the injection auxiliary device 840 may control the driving unit 841 to move according to the motion instruction to drive the injection propulsion block to move to the position of the piston rod. More descriptions regarding this embodiment may be found in FIGs. 8A-8D and the related descriptions thereof.
[0287] FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram illustrating a control flow of a system for intervention operation control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0288] As shown in FIG. 11A, the injection auxiliary device 840 may drive an injection propulsion block (e.g., the injection propulsion block 1117) to retreat to a farthest point (i.e., the injection propulsion block cannot retreat further at this position) through the driving unit 841, and an operator (e.g., a doctor participating in the intervention operation) may place an injection instrument in an injection device fixing module (e.g., the injection device fixing module 1115) of the injection auxiliary device 840 to enter a process of automatically detecting, positioning, and fixing the piston rod (e.g., the piston rod 1114) of the injection instrument. Specifically, the operator may send a positioning instruction to the first control device 810. In response to the positioning instruction, the first control device 810 may trigger the position detection unit 842 of the injection auxiliary device 840 to detect an initial position of the injection propulsion block of the injection auxiliary device 840. The position detection unit 842 may feed the initial position back to the first control device 810. The first control device 810 may generate a motion instruction based on the initial position, and send the motion instruction to the injection auxiliary device 840. After the instrument detection unit 845 of the injection auxiliary device 840 detects the motion instrument, the driving unit 841 may be triggered to move, so as to drive the injection propulsion block to move to the position of the piston rod.
[0289] The injection auxiliary device 840 may detect whether the piston rod is fixed by the injection device fixing module. After the injection propulsion block moves to the position of the piston rod and the piston rod is fixed by the injection device fixing module, the injection auxiliary device 840 may enter an automatic injection mode or a manual injection mode. If the injection auxiliary device 840 enters the automatic injection mode, the first control device 810 may control the injection auxiliary device 840 to perform an automatic injection based on related information. The related operations may be found in the descriptions of the embodiment described above, which are not repeated here. If the injection auxiliary device 840 enter the manual injection mode, the second control device 820 may convert action information of the operator into an actual injection rate and / or an actual injection distance, and feed the actual injection rate and / or an actual injection distance back to the injection auxiliary device 840 to control the injection auxiliary device 840 to perform the injection according to the actual injection rate and / or an actual injection distance. In the manual injection mode, the injection auxiliary device 840 may feed a pressure of the force feedback assembly 823 during the injection back to the second control device 820 in real time, such that the pressure during the injection may be fed back to the operator by force feedback.
[0290] In combination with the above descriptions, the system for intervention operation control (e.g., system for intervention operation control 800) uses the second control device (e.g., the second control device 820) such that the operator can operate the injection auxiliary device 840 to perform the manual injection. More descriptions regarding this embodiment may be found in FIGs. 8A-8D and the related descriptions thereof.
[0291] FIG. 11 B is a schematic diagram illustrating a second control device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0292] As shown in FIG. 11 B, a force feedback assembly of the second control device 820 may include a rate control unit 1101 (e.g., a rate control handle) and a position control unit 1102 (e.g., a position control handle) . The second display unit 821 of the second control device 820 may include a touch screen 1103. The second control device 820 may further include an emergency stop switch 1104, a function key 1105, a housing 1106, and a bottom plate 1107. An operator may control a motion rate of the robotic device 860 and / or the injection auxiliary device 840 by manually controlling the rate control unit 1101, and the rate control unit 1101 may provide tactile feedback to the operator on the pressure during the injection. For example, by manually controlling the rate control unit 1101, the user controls the injection rate of pushing the injection instrument by the injection auxiliary device 840. The operator may control a motion force of the robotic device 860 and / or the injection auxiliary device by manually controlling the position control unit 1102. The position control unit 1102 (e.g., a position control handle) may tactilely feed the pressure during the injection back to the operator. For example, the user may control the injection dose of the injection instrument held by the injection auxiliary device 840 by manually controlling the position control unit 1102, while the position control unit 1102 may give the user tactile feedback on the pressure during the injection. The touch screen 1103 may display information associated with at least one of the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and the injection auxiliary device 840 during the manual control. For example, the touch screen 1103 may display an injection pressure, an injection dose, an injection rate, and other information during the injection. The operator may switch between a plurality of injection modes (e.g., a manual injection mode, an automatic injection mode, an injection instrument self-check positioning mode, a standby mode, etc. ) through virtual buttons on the touch screen 1103, and may dynamically adjust master-slave mapping ratios of the injection dose, the injection rate, rate injection pressure, and other parameters. The emergency stop switch 1104 may stop the operation of the intervention operation device (the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and injection auxiliary device 840) in case of an emergency. The function key 1105 can realize a plurality of functions such as turning on / off the of the intervention operation device (the image acquisition device 830, the robotic device 860, and injection auxiliary device 840) . The housing 1106 and the bottom plate 1107 may be configured to fix the positions of the components.
[0293] FIG. 11C is a schematic structural diagram illustrating an exemplary rate control unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0294] As shown in FIG. 11C, the rate control unit may include a rotating handle 11011, a sensor 11012, a torque motor 11013, and an angle sensor 11014. When an operator controls the rotating handle 11011 by manual operation, the angle sensor 11014 may measure action information of the operator. During the manual injection control, the second control device 820 may convert the action information into an actual injection rate and send the actual injection rate to the injection auxiliary device 840. The torque motor 11013 of the rate control unit 1101 (e.g., a rate control handle) may feed a pressure during a manual operation back to the operator. The sensor 11012 may be configured to detect whether the operator operates the rotating handle 11011.
[0295] FIG. 11D is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a position control unit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0296] As shown in FIG. 11D, the position control unit may include a handle 11021, a rotating bearing 11022, a torque motor 11023, and a first angle sensor 11024. When an operator controls the handle 11021 by manual operation, the first angle sensor 11024 may measures action information of the operator. During the manual injection control, the second control device 820 may convert the action information into an actual injection dose and send the actual injection dose to the injection auxiliary device 840. The torque motor 11023 of the position control unit 1102 (e.g., a position control handle) may feed a pressure during the manual operation back to the operator. The rotating bearing 11022 makes the operator to freely adjust an operation angle of the position control force feedback handle 1102.
[0297] FIG. 11E is a schematic diagram illustrating an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0298] As shown in FIG. 11E, the first display unit 843 of the injection auxiliary device may include a touch screen 1112. The injection auxiliary device 840 may further include a housing 1111, a tube 1113 of an injection instrument, a piston rod 1114 of the injection instrument, the injection instrument fixing module 1115, a force sensor 1116, and the injection propulsion block 1117. The housing 1111 may be configured to fix the positions of the components. Before turning on an automatic injection mode or a manual injection mode, the operator may place the injection instrument (e.g., a syringe) in the injection instrument fixing module 1115. The injection instrument fixing module 1115 may be adapted to various different models of syringe tubes, contrast agent syringe tubes, etc. In some embodiments, the injection instrument fixing module 1115 and the injection instrument may be integrated. The touch screen 1112 may display information such as a current injection pressure, a current injection dose, a current injection rate, etc., and the operator may implement multi-instruction operations through virtual buttons on the touch screen 1112. The force sensor 1117 may be configured to detect a pressure during an injection. During automatic positioning of the injection instrument, the injection propulsion block 1117 may be driven to the piston rod 1114 of the injection instrument, and the force sensor 1116 may be configured to determine whether the position of the piston rod 1114 is fixed.
[0299] FIG. 11F is a schematic diagram illustrating an injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0300] As shown in FIG. 11F, the injection auxiliary device may include the injection propulsion block 1117, the driving unit 841, a second angle sensor 1118, and a distance detection unit 1119. The driving unit 841 may be configured to drive the injection propulsion block 1117 to move forward and backward by rotating a lead screw. An actual injection distance may be obtained in the following two ways: the distance detection unit 1119 may detect a linear movement of the injection propulsion block 1117 to obtain the actual injection distance; or the second angle sensor 1118 may measure a rotation angle of the driving unit 841 to obtain the actual injection distance based on the rotation angle.
[0301] In some embodiments, the injection auxiliary device 840 may include two or more injection propulsion blocks. Each of the two or more injection propulsion blocks may be configured to push the piston rods of two or more injection instruments of the injection auxiliary device to move. The two or more injection instruments may be respectively configured to inject different types of medicines.
[0302] In some embodiments, the injection auxiliary device 840 may further include two or more channel valves connected with the two or more injection instruments, respectively. When one of the two or more injection instruments performs medicine injection, conveying channels of the remaining injection instruments of the two or more injection devices may be closed. In some embodiments, the channel valves may include three through holes and valves. The valves may be configured to control a direction of any one of the three through holes such that the through hole is connected with or disconnected from a corresponding conveying port.
[0303] FIG. 11G is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a multi-channel injection auxiliary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 G shows the structure of the injection auxiliary device 1100 consisting of three injection propulsion blocks corresponding to three injection channels, respectively. As shown in FIG. 11G, a tube 1113-1 of an injection instrument and a piston rod 1114-1 of the injection instrument of the injection auxiliary device 1100 may form a first injection instrument, and the first injection instrument and an injection propulsion block 1117-1 may form a first injection channel. A tube 1113-2 of the injection instrument and a piston rod 1114-2 of the injection instrument may form a second injection instrument, and the second injection instrument and an injection propulsion block 1117-2 may form a second injection channel. A tube 1113-3 of the injection instrument and a piston rod 1114-3 of the injection instrument may form a third injection instrument, and the third injection instrument and an injection propulsion block 1117-3 may form a third injection channel. The injection auxiliary device 1100 may push the piston rod of the corresponding injection instrument to move by controlling one of the three injection propulsion blocks, so as to realize the injection of different types of medicines. For example, the injection auxiliary device 1100 may control the injection propulsion block 1117-1 to push the piston rod 1114-1 of the first injection instruction to inject a contrast agent into a vessel of a subject; control the injection propulsion block 1117-2 to push the piston rod 1114-2 of the second injection instrument to move to inject an embolic agent into the vessel of the subject; and control the injection propulsion block 1117-3 to push the piston rod 1114-3 of the third injection instrument to inject normal saline into the vessel of the subject.
[0304] As shown in FIG. 11G, the injection auxiliary device 1100 may further include three channel valves 1121, 1122, and 1123. Each of the three channel valves 1121, 1122, and 1123 may include three conveying ports a, b, and c. The conveying port a of the channel valve 1121 may be connected with output port 11134 of the first injection instrument (e.g., through a medical infusion tube) , the conveying port a of the channel valve 1122 may be connected with an output port 11135 of the second injection instrument (e.g., through the medical infusion tube) , and the conveying port a of the channel valve 1123 may be connected with an output port 11136 of the third injection instrument (e.g., through the medical infusion tube) . The conveying port c of the channel valve 1123 may be connected with a catheter, and a catheter tip of the catheter may be conveyed into the vessel of the subject for medicine injection. The conveying port b of the channel valve 1123 may be connected with the conveying port c of the channel valve 1122 (e.g., through a Luer taper of the port or through the medical infusion line) , and the conveying port b of the channel valve 1122 may be connected with the conveying port c of the channel valve 1121 (e.g., through the Luer taper of the port or through the medical infusion line) . In some embodiments, the conveying port b of the channel valve 1121 may be sleeved with a cover. In some embodiments, the conveying port b of the channel valve 1121 may be connected with the conveying port c of another channel valve.
[0305] In some embodiments, the three channel valves may be connected to a motor. The injection auxiliary device 1100 may control, by controlling the motor to rotate, any through hole of the channel valves to be aligned with or staggered from the corresponding conveying port to be connected with or disconnected from the conveying port, thereby realizing opening and closing of the corresponding injection channel.
[0306] For example, when a medicine (e.g., a contrast agent, an embolic agent, normal saline, etc. ) is injected through the first injection instrument, the injection auxiliary device 1100 may control the valve of the channel valve 1121 to rotate through the motor such that a first through hole of the channel valve 1121 is aligned with the conveying port a, a second through hole of the channel valve 1121 is staggered from the conveying port b (this operation is optional when the cover is set on the conveying port b) , and a third through hole of the channel valve 1121 is aligned with the conveying port c; control the valve of the channel valve 1122 to rotate such that the first through hole of the channel valve 1122 is staggered from the conveying port a, the second through hole of the channel valve 1122 is aligned with the conveying port b, and the third through hole of the channel valve 1122 is aligned with the conveying port c; control the valve of the channel valve 1123 to rotate such that the first through hole of channel valve 1123 is staggered from the conveying port a, the second through hole of channel valve 1123is aligned with the conveying port b, and the third through hole of channel valve 1123 is aligned with the conveying port c. In this way, the channel valves 1121, 1122 and 1123 may be connected, the channel valve 1122 may be disconnected from the second injection instrument, and the channel valve 1123 may be disconnected from the third injection instrument, such that the medicine can be injected into the vessel of the subject through the catheter connected with the conveying port c of the channel valve 1123 by the first injection instrument. Similarly, when the medicine is injected through the second injection instrument, the three through holes of the channel valve 1121 may be staggered from the three conveying ports a, b, and c; the second through hole of the channel valve 1122 may be staggered from the conveying port b, and the first through hole and the third through hole may be aligned with the conveying ports a and c, respectively; the first through hole of the channel valve 1123 may be staggered from the conveying port a, and the second through hole and the third through hole may be aligned with the conveying port b and c, respectively. When the medicine is injected through the third injection instrument, the three through holes of the channel valves 1121 and 1122 may be staggered from the three delivery ports a, b and c; the second through hole of the channel valve 1123 may be staggered from the conveying port b, and the first through hole and the third through hole may be aligned with the conveying ports a and c, respectively.
[0307] By providing the two or more injection channels, the operation can be simplified when a plurality of types of medicine need to be injected in the same intervention operation, thereby improving the injection efficiency. By providing the channel valves, the injection channels that are not used may be disconnected, thereby preventing cross-contamination between liquids.
[0308] If the actual injection distance is close to the target injection distance, it indicates that a current injection is about to be completed. If the actual injection speed at this time is greater than a second target injection rate, it may cause over injection. Therefore, the second control device may issue a reminder to warn the operator of over injection, such that the operator can inject with caution to prevent over injection.
[0309] It should be noted that the above descriptions of FIGs. 8A-11 G are only for illustration and explanation, and do not limit the scope of application of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes can be made to the contents shown in FIGs. 8A-11 G under the guidance of the present disclosure. However, these modifications and changes are still within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0310] The present disclosure further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer programs that, when executed by a processor, may direct at least one processor to implement the operations including: acquiring an image of a subject acquired during an intervention operation; determining, based on the image, a first target injection dose and a blood flow rate of a vessel where a catheter tip is located; determining a first target injection rate based on the blood flow rate; and performing an injection control based on the first target injection rate and the first target injection dose.
Claims
1.A system for intervention operation control, comprising:at least one storage device storing a set of instructions; andat least one processor in communication with the at least one storage device, wherein when executing the set of instructions, the at least one processor is configured to perform operations including:obtaining one or more images of a subject acquired during an intervention operation;determining, based on the one or more images, a target injection dose and vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located;determining a target injection rate based on the vascular parameter; andperforming an injection control based on the target injection rate and the target injection dose.2.The system of claim 1, wherein the performing an injection control based on the target injection rate and the target injection dose comprises:in response to determining that an injection rate reaches the target injection rate, maintaining an injection pressure constant until an injection dose reaches the target injection dose; andin response to determining that the injection rate does not reach the target injection rate and the injection pressure does not reach an injection pressure limit, increasing the injection pressure until the injection rate reaches the target injection rate or the injection dose reaches the target injection dose.3.The system of claim 2, wherein during the injection control,stopping injection if the injection rate does not reach the target injection rate when the injection pressure is increased to reach the injection pressure limit, and adjusting a position of the catheter tip in the vessel.4.The system of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the determining the target injection dose based on the one or more images comprises:determining a medicine signal intensity based on the one or more images; anddetermining the target injection dose based on a difference between the medicine signal intensity and a target medicine signal intensity.5.The system of claim 4, wherein the determining the target injection dose based on a difference between the medicine signal intensity and a target medicine signal intensity comprises:determining the target injection dose by increasing the injection dose if the medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity.6.The system of claim 5, wherein the determining the target injection dose by increasing the injection dose if the medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity comprises:increasing the injection dose to obtain an increased injection dose if the medicine signal intensity is lower than the target medicine signal intensity;determining a remaining injection dose based on a total injection dose and an injected dose of the intervention operation that has been injected;determining whether the increased injection dose is safe based on the remaining injection dose;determining the increased injection dose as the target injection dose if the increased injection dose is determined to be safe; anddetermining the target injection dose by adjusting the increased injection dose if the increased injection dose is determined to be unsafe.7.The system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the vascular parameter includes at least one of a blood flow rate, a vasculopathy condition, and a diameter of the vessel, and the determining the target injection rate based on the vascular parameter comprises:determining an initial injection rate based on the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located;determining, based on the one or more images, the vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located; anddetermining the target injection rate by adjusting the initial injection rate based on the vasculopathy condition of the vessel where the catheter tip is located.8.The system of claim 7, wherein the determining the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located comprises:for each of the one or more images, determining position information of the catheter tip based on the image; anddetermining the blood flow rate of the vessel where the catheter tip is located based on the position information of the catheter tip in the one or more images.9.A system for intervention operation control, comprising:an injection auxiliary device configured to assist an injection instrument for injection;an image acquisition device configured to acquire one or more images; anda first control device configured to:determine, based on a first image data acquired by the image acquisition device during the intervention operation, a first target injection dose and a vascular parameter of a vessel where a catheter tip is located;determine a first target injection rate based on the vascular parameter;in response to determining that an injection rate reaches the first target injection rate, controlling the injection auxiliary device to maintain an injection pressure of the injection instrument constant until the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose; andin response to determining that the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate and the injection pressure does not reach an injection pressure limit, control the injection auxiliary device to increase the injection pressure until the injection rate reaches the first target injection rate or the injection dose reaches the first target injection dose.10.The system of claim 9, wherein the system further includes a robotic device configured to convey an intervention instrument, and the first control device is further configured to:generate, based on feedback information from at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, and the image acquisition device, one or more control instructions, and feed the one or more control instructions back to at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, and the image acquisition device.11.The system of claim 10, wherein during the injection control, the first control device is further configured to:stop the injection if the injection rate does not reach the first target injection rate when the injection pressure is increased to reach the injection pressure limit, and adjust a position of the catheter tip in the vessel by controlling the robotic device.12.The system of claim 10, wherein the image acquisition device includes an X-ray device, and the feedback information includes position information of the intervention instrument and motion information of the robotic device, and the first control device is further configured to:determine an emission time of the image acquisition device emitting a ray beam based on position information of the intervention instrument and motion information of the robotic device; anddetermine a first control instruction associated with the image acquisition device based on the emission time, the first control instruction being used to cause the X-ray device to emit the ray beam based on the emission time.13.The system of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the intervention operation includes a plurality of stages, the generating, based on feedback information from at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, and the image acquisition device, one or more control instructions includes:determining, based on the first image data, a stage of the intervention operation being performed at a moment of acquisition of the first image data; anddetermining one or more control instructions that match a next stage of the stage of the intervention operation being performed; andsending the one or more control instructions to at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, or the image acquisition device.14.The system of any one of claims 10-13, wherein the first control device is further configured to:determine a reference acquisition posture by registering the first image data with reference image data; anddetermine a first control instruction associated with the image acquisition device based on a posture of the image acquisition device acquiring the first image data and the reference acquisition posture, the first control instruction being used to cause the image acquisition device to adjust from the posture of the image acquisition device acquiring the first image data to the reference acquisition posture.15.The system of claim 14, wherein the first control device is further configured to:determine, in response to determining that the posture of the image acquisition device is adjusted to the reference acquisition posture, a second control instruction associated with the injection auxiliary device and send the second control instruction to the injection auxiliary device, the second control instruction being used to cause the injection auxiliary device to control the injection instrument to perform injection; andin response to determining that the injection instrument completes the injection, update, based on second image data acquired by the image acquisition device at the reference acquisition posture, an initial vascular pathway map to obtain an updated vascular pathway map.16.The system of claim 14, wherein the first control device is further configured to:determine state information of the intervention instrument based on second image data; anddetermine, based on the updated vascular pathway map, the state information, the force information, and the motion information of the intervention instrument, a third control instruction associated with the robotic device, the third control instruction being used to cause the robotic device to deliver the intervention instrument to a region of interest (ROI) of the subject.17.The system of any one of claims 9-16, wherein the injection auxiliary device includes:at least one injection propulsion block configured to push a piston rod of the injection instrument in the injection auxiliary device;at least one position detection unit configured to detect position information of the injection propulsion block of the injection auxiliary device; andat least one driving unit configured to drive the injection propulsion block to move to drive the piston rod of the injection instrument to move.18.The system of claim 17, wherein the injection auxiliary device includes two or more injection propulsion blocks, each of the two or more injection propulsion blocks is configured to push one of piston rods of the two or more injection instruments of the injection auxiliary device to move;the two or more injection instruments are configured to inject different types of medicines.19.The system of claim 18, wherein the injection auxiliary device further includes two or more channel valves, each of the two or more channel valves is connected with one of the two or more injection instruments; in response to determining that one of the two or more injection instruments performs medicine injection, channels corresponding to remaining injection instruments of the two or more injection instruments are closed.20.The system of any one of claims 17-19, wherein the first control device is further configured to:control, in response to a detection and positioning control instruction, the at least one position detection unit to detect an initial position of the at least one injection propulsion block;determine a motion instruction based on the initial position, and send the motion instruction to the injection auxiliary device, so that the injection auxiliary device controls the at least one driving unit to drive the at least one injection propulsion block to a position of the piston rod according to the motion instruction.21.The system of any one of claims 9-20, wherein the system includes a second control device configured to:obtain user input information;generate the one or more control instructions based on the user input information; andfeed the one or more control instructions back to at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, or the image acquisition device.22.The system of claim 21, wherein the second control device includes a force feedback assembly, the second control device is configured to:receive action information of a user to operate the force feedback assembly,convert the action information into an actual injection rate, andsend the actual injection rate to the injection auxiliary device;the injection auxiliary device is configured to control the driving unit to move to drive the injection propulsion block to push the piston rod according to the actual injection rate.23.The system of claim 22, wherein the second control device is further configured to:receive a second target injection dose and a second target injection rate entered by the user;convert the second target injection dose to a target injection distance; andconvert the second target injection rate to a target injection rate.24.The system of claim 23, wherein the second control device is further configured to:monitor an actual injection distance and an actual injection rate of the user when the user operating the injection auxiliary device for injection; andissue a reminder, when the actual injection distance is close to the target injection distance and the actual injection rate is greater than the target injection rate.25.The system of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the second control device includes:a speed control unit configured to control a movement speed of at least one of the robotic device or the injection auxiliary device;a position control unit configured to control a movement force of at least one of the robotic device or the injection auxiliary device; anda display screen configured to display information related to at least one of the robotic device, the injection auxiliary device, or the image acquisition device.26.The system of any one of claims 9-25, wherein the second control device is further configured to:in response to determining that any one of the injection auxiliary device, the robotic device, and the image acquisition device implements a control instruction,if decision data input by a user is received, control a device related to the decision data to stop implementing the control instruction; andgenerate a decision instruction based on the decision data, and send the decision instruction to the device related to the decision data.27.A system for intervention operation control, comprising:an injection auxiliary device configured to assist an injection instrument for injection;an image acquisition device configured to acquire image data;a robotic device configured to convey an intervention instrument within a subject; anda first control device configured to:obtain first image data of the subject acquired by the image acquisition device;determine a first position of the intervention instrument within the subject based on the first image data;control the robotic device to convey the intervention instrument to a target position from the first position according to first operations including:controlling the injection auxiliary device to assist the injection instrument to inject a medicine into the subject;controlling the image acquisition device to acquire second image data after the medicine is injected into the subject;controlling the robotic device to convey the intervention instrument to a second position from the first position;and according to a second operation including repeating the first operations until the intervention instrument is conveyed to the target position.28.The system of claim 27, wherein the first control device is configured to:determine one or more injection instruction parameters associated with the injection auxiliary device based on the first image data.29.The system of claim 27, further comprising:a remote terminal device connected with the first control device, wherein the remote terminal device is configured to a remote control instruction to the first control device, the remote control instruction is configured to control at least one of the injection auxiliary device, the image acquisition device, or the robotic device, and the injection auxiliary device, the image acquisition device, and the robotic device are local devices.
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